IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 05, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
Study on Fish Diversity Indices in Bhima River from Gursale Village, Dist. Solapur (India) A. N. Dede Department of Zoology Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Pandharpur 413304, District Solapur (MS) India Abstract— The present study investigates fish diversity indices in Bhima River from Gursale village, Dist. Solapur. The present study was observed 25 species of fish belonging to 18 genera and 13 families during Jan 2014 to Dec 2014. The fish was high number in winter season and low in monsoon season. The diversity indices of fish indicate status of water quality. The diversity indices are fluctuation all months. The cyprinidae species are dominated in study area. The Shannon diversity indices were indicates pollution status of water. Key words: BhimaRiver, Diversity Indices, Fish, Solapur
are not study in Bhima River. Thus there is an insistent need for proper investigation and documentation of the fish diversity indices and seasonal variation. II. MATERIAL AND METHODS A. Description Site Gursale village is situated in the Solapur district of State Maharashtra. Bhima River is runs near Gursale village. It is situated in latitudes 170 43’ 50.2’’ N and longitudes 750 18’ 36.4’’ E (Fig. no.1).
I. INTRODUCTION The diversity of species or groups of organisms is much partial by the functional correlation between trophic levels (15). The distribution and composition of the fish species in each habitat were closely related with various factors such as the availability of food, breeding sites water current depth and physicochemical parameter of water bodies (7). Pisces are diverse class at taxonomic level and have maximum species which is equal to other to entire vertebrate combine together. In all types of water fish population appears to fluctuate in abundance and in species composition from year to year (3). Fish assemblages of fresh water habitats in general and that of river in particular show great variation. Several reasons can be attributed to these variations.The fish plays are important role in the development of a nation. Besides being a cheap source of highly nutritive protein, it also contain essential required by human body, (22)The significant of monitoring fish assemblage is primarily to comprehend the characteristics of fish fauna understand of which is necessary for successful conservation and management of fisheries resource (6). The dynamic feature of the river ecosystems are the result of change in rainfall in nesting and growth area (24). Fish assemblages of fresh water habitats in general and that of riverin particular showgreat variation. Several reasons can be attributed to these variations. In aquatic ecology these variations in thestructure of fish assemblages are highly important andhence measurement of these variations in their diversity is an important assignment of ecologists. Geological relations with other water bodies affect the species diversity (4). The freshwater fish fauna is highly threatened due to the presence of dams and water diversions, resulting fragmentation of habitat (14). Maharashtra is one of the most important in freshwater fish diversity therefore it is one of the important state in fish production and natural water resource and there is great scope of developing fisheries in this state. Fish diversity is decline rapidly each day due to interminable anthropogenic stress. This diversity is not only the riches of our world but it also has some serious suggestion on fishery. However, no detailed fish diversity has been available on Solapur district. The Study of fish diversity indices and seasonal variations
Fig. 1: Satellite view of Bhima River in Study area. B. Collection of Sample Water sample were collected from Bhima River near Gursale village every month during Jan 2014 to Dec 2014 in the morning between 8 to 11 am. The fish was monthly collected in selected Station by different types of net size i.e. Gill nets, cast nets, trap nets, long line and hooks. C. Biological Analysis The fish was collected by different types of nets and photography was taken immediately with the help of digital camera. The total number of fish species was counted immediately for captured by different types of nets and recorded immediately. Fishes were brought to laboratory and preserved in 10% formalin solution in Separate specimen jar according to size of fish. (10) Identification of fish was done up to species level and also nature of colour, scale, fin, food and also with the help of standard key, (5, 11,). Fish was also identified and confirmed in ZSI Pune. D. Statistical analysis of Diversity Indices The Fish was subjected to the analysis of diversity using different Diversity indices. Species diversity index was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener function (21). Species richness was calculated by (12, 27,).Index of Dominance by (23) and Evenness was calculated by using the Formula of (16).The Statistical analysis was also used as PASST Software.
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Study on Fish Diversity Indices in Bhima River from Gursale Village, Dist. Solapur (India) (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 05/2016/410)
index was high in March (0.9363) and low in June. (0.8813). The Species Evenness was high in March (0.789) and low in Feb (0.659). The Margalef index was high in Feb (5.258) and low in Dec (4.534). The Menhinick index was high in June (2.648) and Low in Dec (1.772). All diversity indices were shown in Fig. No.2. According to (26) Shannon index value ranged from less than 3 indicates clean water, 1 to 3 indicates moderate water and less than 1.00 indicates heavily polluted water. We have observed the similar results in the present study period. Simpson diversity is one of a number of diversity indices, used to measure diversity. It takes in to description the quantity of species present as well as the relative abundance of each species. The Simpson index represent the probability that two randomly selected individuals in the habitation will belong to the similar species. In this form Simpson index ranges from 0 to 1 with 0 representing infinite diversity and 1 represent no diversity. The Margalef index is used as indicator to compare the sites, generally show deviation depending on the species number (25).This agrees with present study.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this Site totally 25 species of fish belonging to 18 Genera and 13 Family (Table no.1) during Jan 2014 to Dec 2014. The Maximum Population of fish was recorded in Dec and Minimum Population of fish recorded in Aug (Table no.1).In the previous studies by Ali et al (2014) recorded total 53 species belonging 10 orders and 23 families recorded from the river Chitra at Jessore district of Bangladesh. In the present study winter month water depth reached to its minimum level for the insufficient rainfall therefore fisherman can use their fishing gears more effectively and harvest fish. The lowest fish number was reported the month of June similar result obtained by (9, 20, and 13). According to (18) studied 60 species belonging to 15 families and 6 order recorded in the Ujani Dam in Bhima river, Solapur district India. The Cyprinidae species was dominated followed by Cichilidae and Channide similar finding also reported by (2, 8, 17, and 19). The species dominance was high in June (0.118) and low in March (0.0637). The Shannon diversity index was high in March (2.996) and low in June (2.632). The Simpson diversity S. No Fish species Winter . Oc No De Ja Tota Fe t v c n l b
Summer
Monsoon
Ma Ap Ma Tota r r y l Family–Belonidae 03 08 02 04 17 Family–Cyprinidae 05 03 02 03 13 03 04 02 06 15 02 01 03 01 07 02 05 01 02 10 05 06 06 10 27 05 06 08 07 26 03 04 06 02 15 02 02 02 01 07 03 04 02 01 10 Family–Ambassidae 01 04 06 04 15 Family–Channidae 05 09 04 10 28 01 04 05 06 16 Family-Gobiidae 01 02 06 01 10 Family-Mugilidae 05 01 05 06 17 Family-Cichlidae 26 20 28 16 90 Family-Bagridae 03 07 02 01 13 02 03 02 04 11 01 04 02 01 08 Family-Clariidae 05 08 04 04 21 Family-Heteropneustidae
Ju n
Ju l
Au g
Se p
Tota l
04
03
05
02
14
03 03 01 00 03 08 02 01 00
04 02 02 01 03 01 02 02 02
05 01 03 03 04 04 07 02 05
02 04 01 01 02 04 03 00 01
13 10 07 05 12 17 14 05 08
01
02
05
04
12
02 00
05 07
04 01
05 02
16 10
01
00
01
05
07
03
01
05
05
14
20
25
23
20
88
02 03 01
01 06 02
03 02 04
03 01 00
09 12 07
02
02
01
02
07
11
01
02
04
01
08
18
02
05
03
02
12
1
Xenetodon.cancila
05
06
11
04
26
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cyprinus mrigala Catla catla Labeo rohita Labeo calbasu Puntius sarana Puntius sophore Puntius ticto Salmophasia bacaila Garra mullya
03 03 02 02 10 05 05 02 04
04 05 04 03 08 07 05 05 02
06 03 06 05 16 07 02 04 04
01 04 02 01 15 07 04 02 04
14 15 14 11 49 26 16 16 14
11
Chanda nama
03
08
04
05
20
12 13
Channa marulius Channa punctata
12 04
02 03
14 07
10 03
38 17
14
Glossogobius giuris
04
02
05
02
13
15
Rhinomugil Corsula
02
04
08
06
20
16
O.mossambica
25
30
46
23
124
17 18
Sperata.aor Mystus cavasius Mystus blekerri
03 05 04
05 06 05
06 02 04
03 01 04
17 14 17
19
Clarius batrachus
04
06
10
04
24
20
Heteropneustes fossilis
04
02
04
02
12
02
03
21
Ompok bimaculatus
05
03
12
05
25
05
Family-Siluridae 02 06 05
04
02
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Study on Fish Diversity Indices in Bhima River from Gursale Village, Dist. Solapur (India) (IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 05/2016/410)
Family-Mastacembelidae 22
Mastacembelusaram atus
05
07
04
04
20
03
23
Notopterus Chitala
02
04
05
04
15
02
24
Notopterus
02 02 12 3
02 04
04 05 19 9
05 04
13 15
Family-Notopteridae 04 02 03 11 Family-Notopteridae 01 03 04 03 11 02 04 02 03 11
125
579
96
Total
138
04
121
05
119
02
105
14
441
03
04
02
06
15
01
04
01
02
08
02 01
04 04
01 01
02 02
09 08
69
92
99
80
340
Family-Notopteridae Table 1: Fish caught (in Numbers) from the Study area during January 2014 to December 2014 [4] Browne, R.A. 1981. Lakes as islands: biogeographic IV. CONCLUSION distribution, turnover rates and species composition in the lakes of central New York. J. Biogeogr. 8: 75-83. The Shannon diversity index was indicates that river water [5] Day Francis.(1958):The fishes of India, Vol.I & II, moderately polluted. Environmental degradation has William Dawson & Sons Ltd. London. seriously affected the fish fauna. Conservation offish [6] Friedlander, A.M. and Parrish, J.D.,(1998). Habitat diversity assumes top most significance under changing characteristics affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian situations of habitat. Knowledge ofobtainable resources and coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and the biological characters of species serve the baseline Ecology, 224(1), 1-30. information forfurther studies on resource conservation and [7] Galactos K, Barriga-Salazar R, Stewart D J. Seasonal maintenance. and habitat influences on fish communities within the lower Yasuni River basin of the Ecuadorian Amazon. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2004: 71, 33–51. The authors are thankful to Principal and Head of Zoology [8] Galib S.M, Samad M.A, Mohsin A.B.M, Flowra F.A, Department, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Alam M.T (2009): Present Status of Fishes in the Pandharpur for providing Laboratory and library facility for ChalanBeel- the Largest Beel (Wetland) of Bangladesh. the present research work. Int. J. Ani. Fish. Sci. 2(3):214-218. [9] Galib.S.M, Abu Naser, S.M,Mohsin,A. B. Chaki.M.Kan.dFahad. F.H (2013): Fish diversity of the River ChotoJamuna, Bangladesh: Present status and conservation needs International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation Vol. 5(6), pp. 389-395 [10] Hamilton-Buchanan (1822). The Fresh water fishes of India, Pakistan, Burma and Srilanka. The handbook Zoological Survey of India. No 2 XII. PP.475 [11] Jayaram K.C. (1999). The fresh water fishes of Indian Region. Narendra Publishing House New Delhi. [12] Margalef, R. (1968): Perspectives in ecological theory, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 111p. [13] Mohsin,A.B.M Mohaimenul Haque,S.M, Galib, S.M(2013):World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences Fig. 2: Month wise Fish diversity indices in the Study area 5 (6): 680-685 During January 2014 to Dec 2014 [14] Morita K, Yamamoto S. (2002). Effect of habitat fragmentation by damming on the persistence of REFERENCE stream-dwelling charr populations. Conservation [1] Ali M, Y, Salim G.M, Mannan.M.A, Rahman M.M, Biology 16: 1318–1323. Sabbir W. and Murshida (2004): Fish species available [15] Odum, E. P. (1971): Fundamentals of ecology (3rd observed in the fish landing centers of Khulna district in Ed.). W. B. Sunders Company, Philadelphia,574p. Bangladesh. J of Biological sci. 4(5) 575-580. [16] Pielou EC. (1969): An introduction to Mathematical [2] Atkore, V.M, Sivakumar.K and Johnsingh.A.T (2011): Ecology. Wiley, New York, USA Patterns of diversity and conservation status of [17] Sakhare, V.B. (2001) Ichthyofauna of Jawalgaon freshwater fishes in the tributaries of River Ramganga reservoir in Solapur district of Maharashtra, J. Aqua. in the Shiwaliks of the Western Himalaya current Biol. 16(1&2): 31-33 science, vol. 100, NO. 5, 731- 735 [18] Sarwade, J.P. and Y.K. Khillare.(2010).Fish diversity of [3] Barnickol. Paul G., and William C. Starrett. (1951). Ujani wetland, Maharashtra, India. An International Commercial and sport fishes of the Mississippi River Quaternary Journal of Life Sciences, Vol.1:173-179. between Caruthersville, Missouri, and Dubuque, Iowa. [19] Shahnawaz A, Venkateshwarlu M, Somashekar D.S, Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv., 25 (5) : 257-350. SantoshK (2010): Fish diversity with relation to water quality of Bhadra River of Western Ghats (India) DOI 10. Environ Monit Assess; 161(1-4):83-91
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