International Journal of Technological Exploration and Learning (IJTEL) Volume 1 Issue 1 (August 2012)
An Automated Multi Sensored Green House Management Purna Prakash Dondapati1 , K. Govinda Rajulu2 M.Tech Scholar (Embedded System) 1, Associate Professor (Department of ECE) 2 Nova College of Engineering and Technology1, Eluru College of Engineering and Technology2 Jangareddygudem1, Eluru2, (India) Abstract— The main objective of our work is to design an automated agricultural system which is purely sensor based and economical as well as durable and with the best success rate which can manage everything without the human interference. It can communicates with the various sensor modules in real-time in order to control the light, aeration and drainage process efficiently inside a greenhouse by actuating a cooler, fogger, dripper and lights respectively according to the necessary condition of the crops. An integrated Liquid crystal display (LCD) is also used for real time display of data acquired from the various sensors and the status of the various devices. This makes the proposed system to be an economical, portable and a low maintenance solution for greenhouse applications, especially in developing countries.
When any of the above mentioned climatic parameters cross a safety threshold which has to be maintained to protect the crops, the sensors sense the change and the microcontroller reads this from the data at its input ports after being converted to a digital form by the ADC. The microcontroller then performs the needed actions by employing relays until the strayed-out parameter has been brought back to its optimum level. Since a microcontroller is used as the heart of the system, it makes the set-up lowcost and effective nevertheless. Thus, this system eliminates the drawbacks of the existing set-ups mentioned in the previous section and is designed as an easy to maintain, flexible and low cost solution. II.
Keywords- Green House Automation; Microcontroller; Humidity Sensors; Illuminati Sensors; Heat sensors .
I.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
INTRODUCTION
We live in a world where everything can be controlled and operated automatically, but there are still a few important sectors in our country where automation has not been adopted or not been put to a fullfledged use, perhaps because of several reasons one such reason is cost. One such field is that of agriculture. Agriculture has been one of the primary occupations of man since early civilizations and even today manual interventions in farming are inevitable. Greenhouses form an important part of the agriculture and horticulture sectors in our country as they can be used to grow plants under controlled climatic conditions for optimum produce. Automating a greenhouse envisages monitoring and controlling of the climatic parameters which directly or indirectly govern the plant growth and hence their produce. Automation is process control of industrial machinery and processes, thereby replacing human operators. A. Proposed Model For Automation of Greenhouse The proposed system is an embedded system which will closely monitor and control the microclimatic parameters of a greenhouse on a regular basis round the clock for cultivation of crops or specific plant species which could maximize their production over the whole crop growth season and to eliminate the difficulties involved in the system by reducing human intervention to the best possible extent. The system comprises of sensors, Analog to Digital Converter, microcontroller and actuators.
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Figure 1.
Block Diagram of Green House Management
A. Micro Controller (AT89C52) The AT89C52 is 80C51 microcontrollers with 128kB Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM.A key feature of the
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International Journal of Technological Exploration and Learning (IJTEL) Volume 1 Issue 1 (August 2012) AT89C52 is its X2 mode option. The design engineer can choose to run the application with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (6 clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from this feature is to keep the same performance by reducing the clock frequency by half, thus dramatically reducing the EMI. The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in serial In-System Programming (ISP). Parallel programming mode offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing programming costs and time to market. ISP allows a device to be reprogrammed in the end product under software control. The capability to field/update the application firmware makes a wide range of applications possible. The AT89C52 is also In-Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running.
minimum of additional expense in components and circuit board area. The ISP function uses five pins (VDD, VSS, TxD, RxD, and RST). Only a small connector needs to be available to interface your application to an external circuit in order to use this feature. Input/output (I/O) ports 32 of the pins are arranged as four 8-bit I/O ports P0–P3. Twenty-four of these pins are dual purpose with each capable of operating as a control line or part of the data/address bus in addition to the I/O functions. Details are as follows: Port 0: This is a dual-purpose port occupying pins 32 to 39 of the device. The port is an open-drain bidirectional I/O port with Schmitt trigger inputs. Pins that have 1s written to them float and can be used as high-impedance inputs. The port may be used with external memory to provide a multiplexed address and data bus. In this application internal pull-ups are used when emitting 1s. The port also outputs the code bytes during EPROM programming. External pull-ups are necessary during program verification. Port 1: This is a dedicated I/O port occupying pins 1 to 8 of the device. The pins are connected via internal pullups and Schmitt trigger input. Pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs; as inputs, pins that are externally pulled low will source current via the internal pull-ups. The port also receives the low-order address byte during program memory verification. Pins P1.0 and P1.1 could also function as external inputs for the third timer/counter i.e.: (P1.0) T2 Timer/counter 2 external count input/clockout (P1.1) T2EX Timer/counter 2 reload/capture/direction control Port 2: This is a dual-purpose port occupying pins 21 to 28 of the device. The specification is similar to that of port 1. The port may be used to provide the high-order byte of the address bus for external program memory or external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses. When accessing external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses, the port emits the contents of the P2 register. Some port 2 pins receive the high-order address bits during EPROM programming.
Figure 2.
AT89C52 Micro Controller
B. Functional Description Power-On reset code execution Following reset, the AT89C52 will either enter the Soft ICE mode (if previously enabled via ISP command) or attempt to auto baud to the ISP boot loader. If this auto baud is not successful within about 400 ms, the device will begin execution of the user code. C. In-System Programming (ISP) In-System Programming is performed without removing the microcontroller from the system. The In-System Programming facility consists of a series of internal hardware resources coupled with internal firmware to facilitate remote programming of the AT89C52 through the serial port. This firmware is provided by Atmel and embedded within each AT89C52 device. The Atmel InSystem Programming facility has made in-circuit programming in an embedded application possible with a IJTEL || ISSN: 2319-2135
Port 3: This is a dual-purpose port occupying pins 10 to 17 of the device. The specification is similar to that of port 1. These pins, in addition to the I/O role, serve the special features of the 80C51 family B. D. ADC0808/ADC0809 The ADC0808, ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register. The 8-channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals.
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International Journal of Technological Exploration and Learning (IJTEL) Volume 1 Issue 1 (August 2012) III.
3) Humidity Sensor The humidity sensor HIH4000, manufactured by Honeywell is used for sensing the humidity. It delivers instrumentation quality RH (Relative Humidity) sensing performance in a low cost, solder able SIP (Single In-line Package). Relative humidity is a measure, in percentage, of the vapour in the air compared to the total amount of vapour that could be held in the air at a given temperature.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM +12v
VCC+5v
D? 4007 U? L7805 D? 4007
1
VCC GN D
C? Power 1 2 3 4
VIN VOUT
12 V
C? + 1000/25 + Buz -
3
C? + 1000/25
2
VCC C? 10/16v
RN? 103 SIP R? 8.2K
D? 4007
Q? BC547
VCC
RL? 9 11 12
CLK
Humidity Sensor
ALE START A0 A1 A2
22 6 25 24 23
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
16 13 REFGND 20
P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD
GND
ADC0808 R?
R? 103
VCC P0.1/AD1 P0.0/AD0 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7
40
4 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32
D? 4007
P2.7/A15 P2.6/A14 P2.5/A13 P2.4/A12 P2.3/A11 P2.2/A10 P2.1/A9 P2.0/A8
AC IN
C? 33pf Y? 11.0592
RL? +12v
Figure 5. Humidity Sensor HIH400
5
28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
AT89C51/FP
DC Out -
1 2
Q? BC547
31 EA/VPP 30 ALE/PROG 29 PSEN
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THIRESISTOR
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3 4 Q? BC547
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R? 103
EOC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
XT AL2
10
17 14 15 8 18 19 20 21
XT AL1
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5 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
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+12v
18
26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5
OE
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U?
VC C R EF +
U?
VCC
DC Out +
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Moisture Sensor
RN? 103 SIP
D? 4007
RL? +12v Q? BC547
C? 33pf
5 3 4
AC OUT
1 2
R? 10K R? 103
R? 7 4.7K
LDR
6 2 C? 104p
4
R?
8
U? VCC
4) Temperature Sensor National Semiconductor’s LM35 IC has been used for sensing the temperature. It is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure temperature with an electrical output proportional to the temperature. The temperature can be measured more accurately with it than using a thermistor. The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc.
AC IN LM555
3
5
D? 4007
RL? +12v Q? BC547
1
5 3 4
AC OUT
1 2 C? 104p
Figure 3. Schematic Diagram
A. Circuit Description 1) Transducers A transducer is a device which measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. Monitoring and controlling of a greenhouse environment involves sensing the changes occurring inside it which can influence the rate of growth in plants. The parameters which are of importance are the temperature inside the greenhouse which affect the photosynthetic and transpiration processes are humidity, moisture content in the soil, the illumination etc. Since all these parameters are interlinked, a closed loop (feedback) control system is employed in monitoring it. The sensors used in this system are: 2) Light Sensor Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) also known as photoconductor or photocell, is a device which has a resistance which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface. Since LDR is extremely sensitive in visible light range, it is well suited for the proposed application.
Figure 6.
IV.
LM35 Temperature Sensor
LCD DISPLAY
Liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) have materials which combine the properties of both liquids and crystals. Rather than having a melting point, they have a temperature range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in liquid, but are grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal. The LCD’s are lightweight with only a few millimeters thickness. Since the LCD’s consume less power they are compatible with low power electronic circuits and can be powered for long durations. The LCD’s are used extensively in watches, calculators and measuring instruments is the simple seven-segment displays, having a limited amount of data. The following figure shows a general purpose alphanumeric LCD, with two lines of 16 characters.
Figure 4. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
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International Journal of Technological Exploration and Learning (IJTEL) Volume 1 Issue 1 (August 2012)
[7]
[8]
wireless sensor networks,‖ in Proc. WOC, Montreal, QC, Canada, May 30–Jun, 2007. R. W. N. Pazzi and A. Boukerche, ―Mobile data collector strategy for delay-sensitive applications over wireless sensor networks,‖ Comput Commun., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1028–1039, Mar. 25, 2008. Orazio Mirabella, Senior Member, IEEE, and Michele Brischetto ―A Hybrid Wired/Wireless Networking Infrastructure for Greenhouse Management‖ ieee transactions on instrumentation and measurement, vol. 60, no. 2, february 2011.
Figure 7. General Purpose LCD
V.
KIT DIAGRAM
Figure 8. Kit Diagram
VI.
CONCLUSION
Finally this project explains how to overcome the effect caused by the disadvantages in the normal cultivation without any human observation. It also explains the effective working of sensors which help the project to become automated to yield more useful results in cultivation. REFERENCES [1]
[2]
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Y. Zhou, X. Yang, X. Guo, M. Zhou, and L. Wang, ―A design of greenhouse monitoring & control system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network,‖ in Proc. Int. Conf. WiCom, Sep. 21–25, 2007 , pp. 2563–2567. L. Gonda and C. E. Cugnasca, ―A proposal of greenhouse control using wireless sensor networks,‖ in Proc. 4th World Congr. Conf. Comput. Agric. Nat. Resour., Orlando, FL, Jul. 24–26, 2006. B. van Tuijl, E. van Os, and E. van Henten, ―Wireless sensor networks: State of the art and future perspective,‖ in Proc. Int. Symp. High Greenhouse Syst. Manage. (Greensys), 2007, pp. 547–554. G. Gaderer, P. Loschmidt, and A. Mahmood, ―A novel approach for flexible wireless automation in real-time environments,‖ in Proc. IEEE Int. WFCS, Dresden, Germany, May 21–23, 2008, pp. 81–84. L. Rauchhaupt, ―System and device architecture of a radio based fieldbus—The RFieldbus system,‖ in Proc. 4th IEEE Int. Workshop Commun. Syst., 2002, pp. 185–192. J. R. Gallardo, A. Gonzalez, L. Villasenor-Gonzalez, and J. Sanchez,―Multipath routing using generalized load sharing for
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