Dual Steganography for Hiding Video in Video by International Journal for Trends in Engineering and Technology

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 3 ISSUE 3 – MARCH 2015 – ISSN: 2349 – 9303

Dual Steganography for Hiding Video in Video P. Selvigrija (Assistant Professor)1

E. Ramya (Student)2

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, India grijapst@gmail.com

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, India ramya_0629@pec.edu

Abstract— Dual Steganography is the process of using Steganography combined with Cryptography. Steganography is the process of hiding confidential data’s in the media files such as audio, images, videos, etc. Cryptography is a branch of mathematics concerned with the study of hiding and revealing information and for proving authorship of messages. In this paper, the Dual Steganography concept has been applied to secure the original videos from unauthorized person. The process has been done by embedding the original video inside another video. Both the videos are converted into frames first. After that, the individual frames of original video are sampled with the frames of another video. After completing the sampling process, the output frames are combined to obtain the encrypted video. Index Terms— Cryptography, Dual Steganography, Embedding, Frames, Original video, Steganography. ——————————  ——————————

INTRODUCTION

TEGANOGRAPHY derives from the Greek word, “Steganos”, which means coated or secret, and, “Graphy” means that writing or drawing [1] [9]. On the best level, steganography is hidden writing, whether or not it consists of invisible ink on paper or copyright data hidden in an audio file. Today, steganography is very frequently related to information hidden with different information in an electronic file. This can be typically done by replacing those least necessary or very redundant bits of information within the original file [10]. Wherever Cryptography scramble a message into a code to obscure its meaning, steganography hides the message entirely.

Since man first started communication over written messages, the necessities for secrecy were in high demand. Within the past, messages may simply be intercepted and since there have been no secrecy devices; the third party were able to browse the message. This all modified throughout the time of the Greeks, around five hundred B.C., once Demaratus initial used the technique of Steganography. Steganography is the method of hiding a message, thus it's sort of a message doesn't exist at all. Demaratus was a Greek national, lived in Persia as a result of he was banished from the Balkan state. Whereas in Persia, he witnessed Xerxes, the leader of the Persians, build one of the greatest naval fleets the world has ever known. Xerxes utilized this fleet to attack the Balkan state during an onset. Demaratus still felt a love for his motherland and determined he ought to warn the Balkan state regarding the key attack. He knew it might be onerous to send the message over to The Balkan state while not it being intercepted. This can be once he came up with the concept of employing a wax pill to cover his message. Demaratus knew that blank wax tablets can be sent to The Balkan state while not anyone being the wiser. To cover his message, he scraped all the wax off from the pill exploits solely the wood from beneath. He scraped his message into the wood and once he finished, recovered the wood with the wax. The wax coated his message and it gave the impression of it absolutely were simply a blank wax pill. Demaratus’ message was hidden and he sent this to the Balkan state. The hidden message was never discovered by the

Persians and with success created it to The Balkan state. Due to this message, the Balkan state was able to defeat the incursive Persian force. The opposite techniques used for hiding information in past day’s are clean-shaven head technique, clear ink technique and thru coddled egg. The word cryptography originated from 2 Greek words, “Kryptos” which means secret and “Graphy” which means writing; hence it virtually means secret writing [2] [7]. Especially, cryptography could be thought of as the science of secret writing, aiming at protecting information such that the receiver only can able to decipher and browse the message. A cryptographic system or crypto-system consists of 2 complementing functions, cryptography and secret writing. Cryptography operates on plaintext to rework it into unintelligible type supported input key. Secret writing instead operates on cipher text to recover the first message victimisation the secret writing key. Cryptography and secret writing keys are similar to parallel crypto-system and completely different from uneven crypto-system. Whereas cryptography means the science of securing knowledge, the scientific discipline is that the science of analyzing and breaking secure communication. Cryptanalysts are referred to as attackers. Science embraces each cryptography and scientific discipline. Video Steganography may be technique to cover secrete files into a carrying video file [10]. The employment of the video primarily based steganography is additional eligible than different transmission files as of its size and memory necessities. Videos are the set of pictures. Video is an electronic medium for the recording, repetition and broadcasting of moving visual pictures. The average number of still images per unit of time of video is twenty four frames per second.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Tanmay Bhattacharya, Nilanjan Dey and S. R. Bhadra Chaudhuri [1] proposed Steganographic technique for hiding multiple images in a colour image based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 3 ISSUE 3 – MARCH 2015 – ISSN: 2349 – 9303 cover image is decomposed into three separate colour planes namely R, G and B. Individual planes are decomposed into sub-bands using DWT. DCT is applied in HH component of each plane. Secrete images are dispersed among the selected DCT coefficients using a pseudo random sequence and a session key. Since only selected high frequency components are modified for the hiding method, therefore there should be a constraint on the secrete image size. Umashankar Dewangan, Monisha Sharma and Swagota Bera [2] made a development and analysis on stego image using Discrete Wavelet Transform. The message bits are embedded randomly into the cover image pixels. First the image is converted from time/spatial domain to frequency domain. After that, embedding process is done using DWT algorithm. The Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are calculated for both cover image and stego image. Nilanjan Dey, Anamitra Bardhan Roy and Sayantan Dey [3] proposed an approach of colour image hiding using RGB colour planes and DWT. The colour image is hidden in the different sub bands of the cover image’s separate colour planes. There will be a minute visual adjustment in between cover image and stego image. This approach can be applied for audio steganography. Preeti Chaturvedi and R. K. Bairwa [4] have proposed a data hiding scheme that hides data into the integer wavelet coefficients of an image. The system combines a data hiding technique and the optimum pixel adjustment algorithm to increase the hiding capacity of the system compared to other systems. This system hides secret data in a random order using a secret key only known to both sender and receiver. This method is only applicable on coloured image and grey scaled image still not applicable on audio, video and other biometrics yet. Shikha Sharda and Sumit Budhiraja [5] had done a performance analysis of image steganography based on DWT is done by using different wavelets. This method is associated with both coloured and gray scale images. The Arnold Transform along with private key has been used in this algorithm which provides high security to the system. Ashish Chawla and Pranjal Shukla [6] proposed a modified secure and high capacity based steganography scheme of hiding a large-size secret image into a very short cover image. Matrix Rotation is performed to scramble the secret image. Discrete Wavelet Transform is performed in both images and followed by Alpha blending operation. Finally the Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT) is applied to obtain the stego image. Prabakaran Ganesan and R. Bhavani [7] proposed a high secure steganography scheme for hiding a grey secrete image into a gray cover image with different combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform and Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT). Pixel Value Adjustment (PVA) is first performed on cover image. The secret image values are scrambled by using Arnold transform. The DWT /IWT are applied on both cover and scrambled secret image. Blending process is applied to both images and compute Inverse DWT/IWT on the same to obtain the stego image. The extraction model is indeed the reverse process of the embedding model.

algorithms. One algorithm is to divide the image into blocks and after that, each block is shuffled within the image. The other algorithm is Arnold transformation which will apply on the shuffled image iteratively. This approach encrypts the image two times. First the images are scrambled using an algorithm and the transformation is done using key. Vijay Kumar Sharma and Vishal Shrivastava [9] proposed a steganographic algorithm based on Logical operation. The algorithm embeds MSB of the secrete image into LSB of cover image. The n LSB of the cover image is replaced by the n MSB of the secrete image. The MSE and PSNR values are calculated for both the cover image and secrete image. Ketki Thakre and Nehal Chitaliya [10] proposed a highly secured data hiding technique where steganography is used inside steganography. The proposed method embeds data in two cover images using four bit LSB technique. The secret data is hidden in binary form in two cover images due to which double protection has been added to confidential data which can be text, image audio, or video.

PROPOSED WORK

The secrete video is embedded inside another Video using the concept of Dual Steganography without affecting the quality of the cover video. By using this concept:   

Large amount of video can be stored since embedding is done between two video files. Hence increase the storage capacity of the video file. High level security will be given to video since the secrete video is first scrambled using a private key and after that, embedded with cover video. Quality of cover video will not be affected.

The process is done by embedding the original video inside another video. Both the videos are converted into frames first. After that, the individual frames of original video are sampled with the frames of another video. After completing the sampling process, the output frames are combined to obtain the encrypted stego video.

OVERALL ARCHITECTURE

The general architecture consists of two phases: 1. Hiding Video in Video (Encryption) 2. Retrieval of original Video (Decryption)

4.1 Overall Design For Encryption In Encryption architecture, first the cover video and secrete video are converted into a sequence of frames by extracting them. Each extracted frame represents an image. After that, the frames of the secrete video which has to be embedded inside the cover video file is first encrypted using the Arnold Transformation method. The Arnold Transformation is the process of scrambling the pixels of each image into unrecognizable form. After that, the encrypted frames are embedded with the cover frames to obtain Stego frames. These stego frames are combined to obtain a Stego Video.

Pavan Kumar Goswami, Namita Tiwari and Meenu Chawla [8] proposed an encryption algorithm which used two different

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 3 ISSUE 3 – MARCH 2015 – ISSN: 2349 – 9303 The modules are: A. Encryption process B. Decryption process

5.1 Module 1: Encryption Process The steps involved in the encryption process are: 1. 2. 3.

Extracting frames from video Encrypting secrete video frames using Transformation Embedding secrete image inside image frames

Arnold

Extracting frames from video

The original video (cover video) is converted into a sequence of frame. Each frame represents an image.

Fig. 1. Overall Design for Encryption

4.2 Overall Design for Decryption Fig. 3. Extracting frames from video In Decryption Architecture, first the Stego Video containing hidden video is converted into a sequence of Stego frames by extracting them. Each extracted frame represents a Stego image. After that, the secrete frames are separated from the original frames. The extracted secrete frames will be in the form of encrypted images. These encrypted images are decrypted using the Arnold Transformation method. After decrypting each frame, all the frames is combined to obtain original secrete video.

ii.

Encrypting secrete Transformation

video

frames

using

Arnold

Each frame of the secrete video are encrypted using Arnold Transformation Method. The Arnold Transformation is the process of scrambling each pixel in an image into an unpredictable form. Each pixel represents a block. The blocks are shuffled iteratively with the aid of the private key. The fig 4 given below shows an example of Arnold Transformation.

(a)

(b)

Fig. 2. Overall Design for Decryption

MODULE DESCRIPTION

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 3 ISSUE 3 – MARCH 2015 – ISSN: 2349 – 9303

iii.

The wavelet transform describes a multi-resolution decomposition process in terms of expansion of an Image onto a set of wavelet basis functions. Discrete Wavelet Transformation has its own excellent space frequency localization properly. Applying DWT in 2D images corresponds to 2D filter image processing in each dimension. The input image is divided into 4 non-overlapping multi-resolution sub-bands by the filters, namely (LL1), (LH1), (HL1) and (HH1). The sub-band (LL1) is processed further to obtain the consequent coarser scale of wavelet coefficients, until certain final scale “N” is reached. When “N” is reached, there will be 3N+1 sub-bands consisting of the multi-resolution sub-bands (LLX) and (LHX), (HLX) and (HHX) where “X” ranges from 1 until “N”. Generally, a large amount of the Image energy is stored in these sub-bands.

Embedding secrete image inside image frames

Fig. 7. Three phase decomposition using DWT A 2-dimensional DWT comprises of two operations: one is horizontal operation and other is vertical operation. Step 1: Fig. 5. Embedding process for Single Image The embedding of cover image over secrete image is done using an Alpha Blend method. Before embedding process, the cover image and encrypted secrete images are decomposed using Discrete Wavelet Transform method. After that, the Alpha Blend technique is applied to those images. After embedding, a single embedded image will be obtained. After that, Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT) operation is performed to that embedded image. The finally obtained image is considered as Stego Image. This process is done to all the frames and a sequence of Stego frames is grouped to obtain a Stego Video.

First scan the pixels from left to right in horizontal direction. ii. Perform the addition and subtraction operations on neighbouring pixels and store sum on the left and difference on the right and repeat this until all the rows were processed. iii. Sum represents the low frequency area (L) and difference represents high frequency area (H) of the original image. Step 2: i. ii.

Scan the pixels from top to bottom in vertical direction. Perform addition and subtraction on neighbouring pixels, and store the sum on top and the difference on bottom. iii. Repeat this until all the columns were processed. iv. Finally 4 sub- bands obtained known as LL, LH, HL and HH. v. The LL sub- band is a low frequency band and is much similar to the original image. vi. This is known as the approximation sub- band, as it is an approximation of the original image. LL sub- band can be decomposed further to obtain higher level DWT. LH, HL, HH will be the detailed vertical, horizontal, diagonal subbands, respectively.

Fig. 6. Stego Video

Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT):

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 3 ISSUE 3 – MARCH 2015 – ISSN: 2349 – 9303 Fig. 10. Extracting frames from Stego video

ii.

Separating encrypted frames from stego frames:

Fig. 8 Horizontal operation on first row

Fig. 9. Vertical operation Fig. 11. Obtaining Secrete image frames

Alpha Blend Technique: Alpha Blend technique is the way of mixing the two images together to form a final image. Alpha Blending can be accomplished in computer graphics by blending each pixel of the cover image with the corresponding pixel in the secrete image. The equation for executing alpha blending is as follows: Final pixel = alpha * (First image's source pixel) + (1.0-alpha) * (Second image's source pixel) The blending factor or percentage of colours from the first source image used in the blended image is called the "alpha." The alpha used in algebra is in the range 0.0 to 1.0, instead of 0 to 100%.

5.2 Module 2: Decryption Process

The extraction of secrete image from Stego image is done by Alpha Blend method. Before extracting the secrete image, the cover image and stego image is decomposed using DWT method. After that, the Alpha Blend operation is performed with those two decomposed images. After that, IDWT technique is applied to that blended image to obtain the encrypted secrete image. Using the private key, the scrambled image is decrypted and the secrete image frame is obtained. By repeating this process, a collection of secrete image frames are obtained.

iii.

Getting Secrete video:

The sequence of secrete image frames are combined to obtain the final secrete video.

The steps involved in the encryption process are: i. Extracting frames from Stego video ii. Separating encrypted frames from stego frames iii. Getting Secrete video

Extracting frames from Stego video:

The frames are extracted from Stego video as done for the encryption process. Fig. 12. Getting Secrete video

CONCLUSION

In this paper, the Arnold Transformation, Discrete Wavelet Transform and Alpha Blend method has been introduced in hiding Secrete Video inside Video. The three important algorithms used for secrete video encryption; image decomposition and image embedding are the Arnold Transformation, Discrete Wavelet Transform and an Alpha Blend method respectively. The works start with extracting frames from cover video and secrete video. After that, the encryption of the image takes place using the Arnold Transformation. After encryption of image frames, the scrambled

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 3 ISSUE 3 – MARCH 2015 – ISSN: 2349 – 9303 frames and cover frames are decomposed using DWT method and embedded using an Alpha Blend method. Finally, Stego frames will be produced. Later, the Stego Frames are combined to obtain a Stego Video. This technique provides a high level security to the Secrete Video and the quality of stego video will be equal to the cover video. Since the scrambling method is used for image encryption, it will be difficult for the intruders to decrypt the image frames.

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