Minghao Wang_Portfolio for University College London Urban Design MArch

Minghao Wang Application for UCL Urban Design MArch Application number: 24142585 E-mail: wmhao2024@163.com | Tel: +86 1321087596

Orderly

Pioneering

Traditional

Fantasy

Romantic

Curriculum Vitae Minghao Wang

13-2-1201, No. 2 Haian Road, Shibei District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China E-mail: wmhao2024@163.com | Tel: +86 1321087596

Education

Beijing Forestry University (College of Art and Design), China

Major: the Specialty of Environmental art design Average score: 85.50/100 Core courses: Space Concept of Design, the Building Designs, Interior Architecture Design, Landscape Design, History of Environmental Design, Artistic design of plant landscape, Interior decoration materials and construction.

09/2019 - 06/2023

Gold Award, VA (Vision Award)

12/2022

Bronze Award, SGADC (Singapore Art Design Competition)

08/2022

Title of the work: Hutong Circle of Friends

Title of the work: Looking back - Design of Cuan Di Village History Centre

Bronze Award, SGADC (Singapore Art Design Competition) Bronze Award, SGADC (Singapore Art Design Competition) Excecllent Award, SGADC (Singapore Art Design Competition)

Title of the work: The Zipper Project - Renovation and Renewal of the Fence Space

Silver Award, ICAD (International Contemporary Youth Art Design Competition)

07/2022

Title of the work: The Zipper Project - Renovation and Renewal of the Western Fence Space of the Material Compound

Excellence Award, ICAD (International Contemporary Youth Art Design Competition) Title of the work: Magic Cube - Rural Primary School Library Design

Finalist Award, China Interior and Environmental Design Competition

2021

Title of the work: Looking back - Design of Cuan Di Village History Centre

Extra-curricular Activities

02/2023 - 05/2023

Faculty Basketball Team, School of Art and Design, Beijing Forestry University

09/2019-06/2023

Student Union, School of Art and Design, Beijing Forestry University

President of Publicity Department Publicized college events and drew invitation cards.

Responsible for stage setting, including Career Development Department's Career Simulation Competition, Sports Department's Sports Game Day, Literary Department's New Year's Day Party, Singing Contest, etc.

Making event gifts and purchasing materials needed for the events.

Member of Publicity Department Assisted the president to complete the work matters related to the letter and propaganda department.

70th Anniversary of founding festival Event Volunteer Guided guests to their seats.

Diversiform reincarnation

03

Miss to Meet

11

Architecture & Landscape design Rejuvenation of an outdated harbour by renovation Tsingtao, China Team Work (Minghao Wang, Haotian Ju) 2024 Spring Semester Yinan Sun

04

16

09/2019-09/2021

09/2020-09/2021

09/2019-09/2020

07/01/2021

London, UK Team Work (Minghao Wang, Jiaze Song, Xiaoxiang 2023 Spring Semester Yang Ni

05

Colourful Glasses

Spring Flower Chorus Competition, Beijing Forestry University

05/2021

Fall Volleyball Tournament, Beijing Forestry University

11/2020

Campus Wall Painting

09/2019

Core Participant Core Athlete

Main Participant Designed the campus wall painting and painted the cultural wall of the campus.

Skills

Rhino, Grasshopper, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Indesign, Autodesk CAD, Autodesk CFD, Sketchup, Lumion, Twinmotion, Keyshot

UCL's Urban Design MArch program involves creating architectural entities that are integrated into the overall urban planning system, aligning well with my current aspirations. The Urban Design MArch program, part of B-PRO, not only allows for the generation of logical thinking but also enhances the feasibility of my designs. It provides an excellent opportunity to improve my calculation and manufacturing skills. This program can fill the gaps in my knowledge of formulaic design, digital design, and computer-aided design. UCL's cutting-edge knowledge and ideas are indispensable for design students. After graduation, I hope to apply the knowledge and skills acquired at UCL to contribute to practical projects aiming to improve the living environment. Given UCL's international reputation, there is a higher likelihood of securing job opportunities in international firms rather than solely in Chinese firms. Although my work experience may be limited to two to three years, working in a significantly different cultural environment will expose me to diverse thought processes, novel design ideas, and variations in work priorities and processes, which will contribute to the enhancement of my capabilities in the subsequent work phase.

20

Corridor design Changing coloured horizons for emotional adjustment Beijing, China Individual Work 2023 Spring Semester 'Velux' Yuan Tian

06

Other works

25

Hutong circle of friends

25

6.1

Motivation letter

05

Urban design A future integrated underground city

09/2021-06/2023

Basketball team captain (2022) & Core athlete Participated in daily practices.

Led the team in campus competitions.

02

Mirrored London

Psychological Commissioner

Monitored the psychological state of my classmates and provided assistance as needed Invited psychological teachers to spread the knowledge of psychology

Beijing, China Individual Work 2022 Autumn Semester Yinan Sun

Singapore Individual Work 2023 Autumn Semester Jin Zhang

Title of the work: Magic Cube - Rural Primary School Library Design

Assistant Designer Assisted designer in drafting and revising drawings.

Created CAD drawings, analyzed images using Photoshop, and produced PowerPoint presentations.

01

Urban design Fantastical venues to transform humankind's attitude to death

Title of the work: Hutong Circle of Friends

Alignment International Architectural Design Institute (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

Interwoven release

Public space design Interwoven and interlocking integrated activity centres

Awards

Internship Experience

Catalogue 01

Structure design Multifunctional structure in Hutong Beijing, China Team Work (Minghao Wang, Jiayu Wan, Houquan Tuo) 2023 Spring Semester Ke Ding

6.2

The zipper project

26

Architecture & Landscape design Renovation and Renewal of the Fence Space Beijing, China Team Work (Minghao Wang, Jiayu Wan, Houquan Tuo) 2023 Spring Semester Lu Yao

6.3

Hand models display

6.3

Display of works in other areas

27

3rd Section

2nd Section

History of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway

1st Section

Russia proposed to build a railway from Kiakhta through Kurun, Zhangjiakou to Beijing, but the Qing Court did not allow it.

1899 Li Ming and Li Chun asked to build the Beijing1903 Businessmen Zhang Railway, but were rejected because of suspicions of

Construction began (Route from Xizhimen to Zhangjiakou via Shahe, Nankou, Juyong Pass, Badaling, Huailai, Jiming Yi, Xuanhua)

Zhangjiakou Station Oct 2, 1909

Ningyuan Station

Zhangjiakou South Station

Original site of zhangjikou station

Oct 2, 1909

1958

The meeting point of the Great Wall and the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway, Qinglongqiao railway station.

Shalingzi Station 1908

Xiahuayuan Station

Shalingzi East Station

1908

Xibali Station

01

1909

Location: Beijing, China Type: Individual Work Time: 2022 Autumn Semester Adviser: Yinan Sun

The 2nd section was completed.

24 Sept 1909

The 3rd section was completed.

The bronze statue of Jeme Tianyou was erected at Qinglongqiao Railway Station.

the Beijing-Baotou Railway 1923 Renamed The Beijing-Zhangjiaodong Railway was extended to Baotou.

was dismantled, and Xizhimen Station became the departure station of the Beijing-Baotou Railway.

Due to the poor transit capacity of the Guangou section of 1952 the original Beijing-Zhang Railway, another Fengsha Railway

Xinzhuangzi Station 1915

Shacheng Station

Beijing-Baotou Railway was electrified, from Beijing, through Shacheng, Zhangjiakou South, Datong, to Kouquan station on the Kouquan Railway.

Donghuayuan Station

1981 Apr

6 Nov 1987 The Jeme Tianyou Memorial Hall was rebuilt near Qinglongqiao

1908

Station (the highest point of the Badaling section of BeijingBaoshan Railway).

1908

The Guishuihe Bridge across Guanting Reservoir had been in operation for 43 years, which caused many railway track breaks. Therefore, a new bridge will be built 30 meters south of the original bridge.

Qinglongqiao Station

Badaling Station

Kangzhuang Station

cultural relics under protection.

Sanbao Station

1 July 2014 The operation of Zhangjiakou Station and Zhangjiakou South

1912

1908

1996 May 22

The centennial anniversary of the Beijing-Zhangjiatao Railway 2009 was celebrated, and the relics along the railway were declared

July, 1907

1942

connecting Fengtai and Shacheng was built.

Station in Hebei began, and the Qinglongqiao West Station was built near the former Qinglongqiao Station on the zigzag railway.

1906

Langshan Station

1953

Feb 1966 The restoration project from Xizhimen Station to Shacheng

Xibazi Station

1909

Tumu Station

1922

Oct 1949 Guang 'anmen Station northward to Xizhimen railway station

The railway line from Kangzhuang Station to Langshan Station is located in the flood storage area of the reservoir to be built. Therefore, the railway line change project is carried out to cross the reservoir with the newly built Gushuihe Bridge and permeable embankment.

[ Interwoven release ]

Order-Intersection-Historicization Public space design Interwoven and interlocking integrated activity centres

The 1st section was completed.

Sept 1908

Through the zigzag track, the slope is reduced, so that the train climbs more smoothly and safely.

Xinbaoan Station

May, 1990

It was named Xuanhuafu Station in 1909.

In 1914, the station was renamed Xuanhua Station.

infiltration by foreign capital.

30 Sept 1906

40° 21' 0.95" N 116° 1' 6.96" E

1942

1990

Xuanhua Station

4 Sept 1905

Station on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway stopped.

Dongyuan Station

1912

Nankou Station

Former Wudaokou

1906

Huailai Station

1966

Changping Station

Beijing

1915

Zhangjiakou China

Shahe Station

1905

Qinghe Station

1905

Qinghuayuan Station

1910

New area of Tsinghua University

Originally as a station on the Beijing-Zhangzhou Railway, Wudaokou had complex ground-level traffic. But due to the development of time and the change of transportation planning, the original railway at Wudaokou has been moved to underground.

1979

Old area of Tsinghua University Move of station

Xizhimen Station

1905

Guang'anmen Station

Subway Line 13

1906

New track

Liucun Station

1905

Old track

Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway

Fengtai Station

1895

District: Hai Dian Max

Min Commercial

Educational Busniess Circle

Site

In Beijing, China, social development was so rapid that the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, built in 1909, had to be demolished and turned underground to build a new railway, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway.

As one of the most densely distributed areas of universities in China, population shift in Wudaokou is haphazard. Due to COVID-19, the space occupied by the school, greenery, and recreational spaces are no longer available to students and residents. Due to the fast-paced life, most entertainment activities must be conducted near the commuting path. As a result, we elected to construct a place adjacent to the Wudaokou Shopping Center to provide people with opportunities for gathering, activities, and social contact.

The Wudaokou, located in the Haidian-'university town', has become a very special intersection.

As it is adjacent to the Jing-Zhang Railway Heritage Park, the whole space will be linked to the history of Wudaokou in terms of the Jing-Zhang Railway's features and construction methods.

Functionally it is a mixed-use centre with a predominantly geometric cut. linking the congested pavements and breaking up the spatial isolation of the site so that people can pass through the area smoothly. The floors are designed to avoid each other, giving enough light to the lower floors, and the light coming through each aperture creates a different pattern of intersections based on the angle of the light.

Shuangqing road level crossing

Wudaokou (the 5th crossing of the Beijing-Zhang Railway from Beijing North Railway Station)

Original Tsinghuayuan station

History of Wudaokou

Iteration of Tsinghuayuan station

1909

Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was established.

1910

Qinghuayuan station was established.

1952

A large number of colleges and universities moved back to Beijing Haidian District-8 Major College.

1958

Due to the expansion of Tsinghua University, the railway shifted 800 meters to the east, forming a new Shuangqing Road crossing on the north side of New Wudaokou.

1960

Qinghuayuan Station new station building completed.

1980

Relocation of Qinghuayuan station(change into 5 tracks).

1999

Establishment of Qinghua science park(to promote entrepreneurship).

2000

Beijing's Fourth Ring Road opened to traffic, Wudaokou underwent large-scale demolition and renovation, residential communities increased.

Medical service

2003

Wudaokou subway station of Line 13was opened(the economy began to develop rapidly).

Vegetation

2008

Beijing Suburban Railway Line S2 opened, station platform transformed into a high platform.

2012

The third generation station building for the station work area, to provide ticket sales, waiting services.

Water

2016

In order to meet the needs of Qinghuayuan Tunnel construction, the Beijing-Qinghe section of Beijing-Baotou Line is scheduled to be dismantled.

Residential

the 4th crossing

Educational

Commercial Mall

01

Site analysis

Design deduction

Crowd flow 30+ 17 12 15 12

25+

15

30+

12

25

13

13

7

16

15

12 20

13

Floor 2

Stage 1

Through the analysis of the flow of people, the majority of roads and large areas are roughly planned.

The NE-SW and NW-SE will be connected seperately to avoid pedestrians all passing on the north.

Different blocks are connected through covered Bridges (subway, shopping malls, food street on the north).

The first floor is mainly aimed at the excessive pedestrian flow on the north side, guiding people from the street to the interior, and through the area to the destination, rather than only on the northern street.

12

7

Floor 1

The second floor mainly connects the mall to the subway station and the northern food court. People can exit subway directly from the second floor and head to the north and south.

Floor 3

Since most of the existing sports venues are within the universities, which are no longer open to the public as a result of the epidemic, there is a need to establish a comprehensive sports venue open to the public.

Floor 4

The fourth floor is mainly for the third floor sports venues, forming a layer of viewing platform, followed by the addition of restaurants and bars, and with the west side of the bar street to form an integrated.

16 Number (min) Educational Commercial Residential

Through the statistical analysis of the people who come to Wudaokou for leisure shopping, it is found that most of the people are students. The crowd mostly comes from the north side of the site, that is, more people enter the site from the north side of the road. The residents who come to Wudaokou are mainly in its vicinity, which is subject to strong regional limitations.

Because there are fewer office areas nearby or other more convenient shopping malls, Wudaokou's office population is not a major component.

Road profile

Stage 2

Add a sports function (sports field), a large number of blocks and a small number of roads to connect.

Form a strong association with the three layers to enclose the court.

Refine road segmentation, clear block road division.

There will be a large number of non-motor vehicles occupying the sidewalk parking situation, so that the width of the sidewalk is not enough to support so many people, so some people will be squeezed to walk on the road.

The constituency is relatively separate from the food block on the north side. Detouring can only be carried out from the intersection on the northeast side of the constituency, coupled with the original north-south traffic of the road, which will cause a certain number of people to backlog at the intersection, forming a safety hazard.

Site status

Add roads to the east and west sides to avoid space isolation caused by shopping malls and subways.

Stage 3

Store

Leisure

Catering

Hotel

Medical Service

Commercial

Residential

Educational

Vegatation

Water

Mall

Subway

Rail

According to the location analysis, the green area near the site is relatively small, and the only large area of green is located in the northwest Chinese classical garden. The district is mainly surrounded by residential areas and universities, and there are few comprehensive activity places, only a shopping plaza on the east side of the constituency It does not provide a good comprehensive place for residents and college students to stay and hang out for a long time. It can meet college students shopping, hanging out, sports, sightseeing

Traffic flow Weekly Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Conjested

Relatively conjested Sunday

Smooth

12 AM

8 PM

Through the analysis of daily traffic flow, on working days, more traffic passes in the morning rush hour, while the evening rush hour traffic flow condition is relatively good

02

Sunday 10 AM

Stage 5

12 AM

To avoid the forest on the southwest, large areas exist on the east, and the southwest is dominated by roads.

Adjust the specific size of the block according to the size of the court.

Determine the specifications of the bar and plan a portion of the area to become the exterior space of the bar.

The site between the Wudaokou There are 4 small shopping districts shopping mall and the underground centred on the selected area, namely line bridge is divided into four a shopping mall, a food street, a long strips by cycle parks, parks, food court and a bar street. Except bookshops and car park exits. for the shopping mall, the other three Currently it is not feasible to shuttle are separated by a road, so the directly from the shopping mall to the connectivity is not good. west side of the metro.

Comparing the road traffic information of seven days in a week, it can be found that the traffic near the site is relatively dense from Monday to Friday, while it is relatively rare on Saturday and Sunday. And mostly concentrated in the north side of the road.

Monday 8 AM

Form areas at road junctions, and some wider view-platform.

Stair ramps are added to connect the upper and lower floors, distinguishing the building from the floor slab.

Additional staircases on either side of the main access road and a wider ramp on each north side of the site.

Daily

The road is turned inward and mainly connects the sports field with the elevators and stairs.

Further refine the Angle of road shape without clear road direction, and hollow out large areas.

The first floor is mainly for traffic functions, so the roads and buildings are basically cut in a straight line.

Stage 4

Adjust the road priorities, with the subway, shopping malls, food streets as the main road.

Staircase entrances are staggered from the 1st floor and avoid the main passageway.

The staircase entrances dominate close to the court for easy access.

The bars are connected to the bar street on the west, and up and down by a staircase, a elevator and a ramp.

The road is analyzed by classification.

8 PM

Through the analysis of daily traffic flow, on working days, more traffic passes in the morning rush hour, while the evening rush hour traffic flow condition is relatively good.

The aboveground car park with exits Due to the One Page bookstore and underground car park's exits and the viaduct of the metro line 13, in the vicinity of the constituency therfore you can hardly see the clear fragment the constituency's plots. As view of the site from the outside. a result, access to and from the site Therefore, we need to make some is not smooth and pedestrian and improvements to the view and visual guidance. vehicular traffic is mixed.

Primary Roads

Secondary roads

Tertiary roads

Parallel

General layout plan

A

Rendering 3

Glass stack This is an imitation of the Qinglongqiao railway station tunnel construction programme is first from the top of the mountain down a tunnel, and then from the middle of the mountain to the sides of the tunnel, this greatly increases the efficiency of the work. The structure of the constituency, the ground floor of the place is a tunnel through which pedestrians can pass, and then a barrel-shaped pipeline access to the fourth floor, people can be on the fourth floor through a glass stack. Walking to the entrance, looking down to feel the Qinglongqiao railway station construction process.

Ramp The ramps on both sides of the site will be accompanied by shops on both sides, and the slope is gentle, giving people a slow climb. There is a feeling of stepping on the ground, just like the herringbone track in the Beijing-Zhang Railway, which turns the steep slope into a gentle slope, making it easier for people to climb to a higher floor.

Rendering 2

Rendering 4

The structure of the entire glass stack is taken from the construction of the Huailai Bridge in the BeijingZhangjiakou Railway, with a metal structure as the main bridge.

B

B

Rendering 1

A

5

Entrance of Mall The entrance to the north side of the shopping mall is directly east of the entrance to the subway station, and the food court is on the north side. It's a gathering point for the whole site.

Stair

Western entrance

Entrance of Subway This is the 2nd floor of the underground station exit, the west side is to enter the north side of the shopping mall, to the front (southeast) straight ahead, you can enter the south side of the shopping mall, this side is also a road through the office staff intensively, and then to the south side you can enter the wooded area.

Wooden walkways In order to avoid large areas of woods, most of the block is in the form of wooden walkways that allow people to wander between the tree canopies.

The support columns are all cylindrical and will blend in more easily with the

This is the transport system on the west side of the site, which is mainly used to connect the bar street to the pedestrian flow on the 4th floors inside the selection, and is divided into a staircase on the north, a curved ramp on the south, and a lift in the middle.

Ramp

10

Rendering 5

20

Stairs are the most common, with an average of two or three per floor, mainly on the east side, and a Z-shaped staircase on the west side that leads up to third floor.

The ramps will only be on the north and south sides of each floor and accompanied by shops, while there is a curved ramp through the third floor located on the west side of the park.

Elevator There are three elevators in the whole park, two on the east side and one on the west side.

Z-ramp

It simulates the Beijing-Zhang Railway's herringbone track, with slower ramps instead of stairs, and accompanied by shops that make it easier for pedestrians to climb to a higher floor.

Subway

Grille

Trestle

Court The sports field on the second floor is accompanied by a sloping stand, while the third floor is hollowed out around the sports field on the second floor, and pedestrians can look down from the third floor.

The grille is mainly located on all floors except the ground floor, which is mainly used to isolate different Spaces, and is used to block strong sunlight, and plays a certain supporting role.

Due to the existence of the subway, the park is mainly avoided by two ways: beam bridge and ground, and connected with the west side.

Tunnel In order to avoid the large area of trees, the two sides of the trees are linked by trestles, which allows pedestrians to circle around the tree crowns and see the trees in a new perspective.

The ground floor is an arched glass tunnel, through which pedestrians can pass and feel t h e Q i n g l o n g s h a n Tu n n e l , through a glass column connected to the glass walkway on the top floor, for pedestrians to look down.

03

FUNCTIONAL

Rendering 1

Floor 1

Floor 2

Floor 3

Floor 4

Rendering 2

Bookstore Building

Elevator Grass

Exit of parking

Bookstore Elevator Floor Building

Stair

Track Platform

Elevator Building

Stair Floor Court

Outdoor dining area Elevator Stair Floor Glass walkway Building

Elevation Section A-A

12,000

9,000

Rendering 3

5,000 3,500

±0.000

Section B-B

12,000

9,000

5,500 5,000

±0.000

Northern elevation

Residential

Highway

West Park

Subway Line

East Park

Underground Garage

Passage

Mall

Southern elevation

Mall

Passage

East Park

Subway Line

West Park

Highway

Residential

04

Rendering 5

Rendering 4

Population density

In terms of population density, although Singapore only ranks third, it and Hong Kong are the only two countries with a population of more than five million, and Singapore’s population density is much higher 02 than Hong Kong’s.

Monaco 36,686 2 18,343

10 Bermuda (BOT) 64,185 53 1,211

Country (top 10) Population

01 Macau (China) 686,607 33 20,870

08

05

Gibraltar (BOT) 32,669 7 4,804

09

Malta 526,748 316 1,667

06 Bahrain 1,463,265 785 1,864

07

04 Hong Kong (China) 7,494,578 1,104 6,789

03

Singapore Maldives 5,453,600 521,457 716 300 7,617 1,738

Sint Maarten (Netherlands) 44,042 34 1,295

Area (km²)

02

[ Diversiform reincarnation ]

Cemetery-Remembrance-Immortality Urban design Fantastical venues to transform humankind's attitude to death

This project comes to the idea - why people are so afraid of death, in other words what installation can I use to positively change this negative attitude towards death.

Mainly 3 types of installations (corresponding to traditional, present and future) are designed representing the Roots, Stems and Crowns of the tree respectively, which are differently engaged in the residents' lives, thus changing the residents' perception of death. The Roots, a traditional cemetery (underground), keeps the traditional religious requirements for the form of the cemetery; the Trunks, a vertical cemetery, provides resources and drones for the canopy in addition to the mainly eco-friendly form of body disposal; the Crowns, an installation cemetery (city street) to make pedestrians feel that after death they will still exist in a splendid way in colourful lights.

Region & Cemetery The count of death The number of deaths in Singapore will begin to increase after 2020 and will peak in 2060, and based on the current situation in Singapore, the area required for the cemetery in its current form is no longer sufficient to meet the needs of the number of purposes required in Singapore.

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0

1950 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

History of religion

Colonization

The disproportion between the country's area and demographic density has resulted in a lack of continued expansion of traditional cemeteries. Moreover, the diversity of ethnic, religious and cultural groups as a result of changes in historical relations in its relatively pluralistic national polity has led to a diversity of demand for cemetery forms.

Chosen

Commercial

Location: Singapore Type: Individual Work Time: 2023 Autumn Semester Adviser: Jin Zhang

Population density(/km²)

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Singapore secedes from Malaysia

65 to become an independent country.

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05

Site

Selection

Divide Singapore into urban, residential and suburban areas, and then filter the sites according to the model I have set, by the relationship of the site to the functional region, worship, traffic and terrain.

Site screening Function Region

Worship

Route

Terrain

Residential

Residential

Residential

Residential

Natural

Natural

Natural

Natural

Downtown

Selection

Religion

Downtown

Residential

Commercial

Vegetation

Education

Waterbody

Cemetery

Selection

Downtown

Worship

Selection

Link

Downtown

Lawn

Selection

Route

Building

Model deduction Functional

Worship

Column: The number and proportion of functions that the block has.

Traffic

Religious

Flat: The types of functions within the area.

Type Column

Radius: Density of intersections

Radius: Number of religious sites around

Height: Traffic volume

Links to surrounding religious sites

Traffic network

Terrain

Terrain Link Altitude (0-163 meters)

Residential

Link strenth

Park Reverse Commercial Educational Worship Cemetery

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Part3 Crown

Due to Singapore’s history, I believe that an Islamic-based underground cemetery is the root of the cemetery project and symbolises Singapore’s history. It is a traditional burial in line with Islamic doctrine, so it will exist near mosques.

The trunk is a vital part of the tree as a connection between the roots and the trunk. Therefore, it will be present in the city as a huge architectural structure that will act as a radiating centre for the canopy part of the tree.

There is an old Chinese saying: “Those who planted the tree before us will enjoy the shade after them”.

Like this installation - niches for the dead are stacked in a branch-like structure that shields the descendants from the sun and creates a colourful light that pours down on the pedestrians.

Relationship to surroundings

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Since underground cemeteries are directly related to religion, they are located in open spaces near religious buildings of the same or different religions to make them easily accessible to believers.

As the supply core for the canopy section, its location will depend on the position of the canopy. However, it will usually be located to the side of or not far from the city centre, and may also be near the sea.

The canopy section, which is usually found where pedestrians and traffic converge, is therefore mostly located in dense office or residential areas.

As most of the green spaces in Singapore are heavily wooded, there are simpler traffic flow routes underground, whereas above ground they create more mixed and complex and varied traffic routes for park functions.

In order to minimise the footprint on the ground, ‘Trunk’ will be located above the road, supported by bridge footings in the adjacent open space. Vehicles will pass under the bridge, and pedestrians will access the other side of the road or ascend the building via the bridge footings.

The ‘Crown’, whether it exists semi-underground, above ground and in the form of a bridge people are able to pass underneath the trigonometry and travel to the other side of the road.

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Part 1

ROOT

Both the importance of Islam in Singapore's historical development and the existence of cemeteries exist like the roots of trees, facilitating the emergence of new cemetery forms.

Design analysis Section A-A

The original of Singapore——Islam

It is like the history of modern Singapore, which separated from Malaysia, and the existence of Islam is like the foundation of the development of modern Singapore history.

7,600 7,000 6,000

600 0

-4,500 -5,500 -8,000

Indoor

Passage

The ramp in the middle is the longest as the exit road for everyone to pass through, while the remaining four passages are stairs with two on each side.

Dome structure Parallel

Entrance

Roof: The open-worked cavities are connected to the ground to meet the transition of light from outdoor to indoor space.

Hall 1

Passage

Hall 2

Domain 18

Width

-9,200

Hall 2

Left 1 & Right 1 Left 2 & Right 2 Middle

Today, many religions are inclusive and choose to accept pagans, but religions such as Islam is relatively exclusive to pagans, which is reflected in the burial method, and Islam Height strictly prohibits cremation. I will build an underground cemetery in Islam, where Muslims who cannot accept the new burial method will be buried. Like the "root" of the Singapore Cemetery project, it bears the beginning of the transition from the traditions of the past to the openness and communion of the future.

-11,500

Entrance

Space variation

Right

Left

Right

Left

H/W Roof

Hall 1

Islamic scriptures about death An interactive device of light Support Structure: Arch: the traditional Islamic arched structure is used to provide support for the roof and to isolate each passage space while enhancing the depth of the horizontal space for the entrance.

Dome: in the form of a dome to ensure that the interior space is free of unnecessary columns.

Light strip

Type Extended

Chair

Chair-Wall

4

Domain 70

3

Domain 5

1.3

Transition in cross box

‫امهب قيدحتلا عيطتست ال نائيش‬: ‫توملاو سمشلا‬ ‫لابجلا ءارو توملا سيل‬، ‫فاتكألا ءارو لب‬

Chair

‫انئاقدصأ ىلع يكبن ال نأ بجي‬، ‫ءايحأ مهو مهدقفن الو توملاب مهدقفن نأ ةمحر اهنإ‬ ‫هعرصم ُتوملا لذأ ٍزيزع نم مك‬، ‫ُقفخت ُتايارلا ِهسأر ىلع تناك‬ ‫هِريغب َتام ِفيسلاب ْتمي مل نمو‬، ‫ُدحاو ُءادلاو ُبابسألا ِتعونت‬

Surface

‫يح ِّلُك ىهتْنُم ُتوملا امنِإ‬، ‫ادْلُخ ِكلملا نم ٌكلام ْبيصي مل‬

Arch & Dome

‫َرمأو ِدابعلا يف ِهّللا ُةنس‬، ‫ادري نل ِهياقب نع ٌقطان‬ ‫مالسلا هيلع حون نيلسرملا خيش نع نوكحي‬: ‫لبق اهشاع ةنس فلأ نم رثكأ دعب هافوتيل توملا كَلم هءاج هنأ‬

Glass panel

‫هدعبو نافوطلا‬ ‫هلأسف‬: ‫ايندلا تدجو فيك ًارمع ءايبنألا* لوطأ اي‬، ‫لاقف‬: ‫رخآلا نم تجرخو امهدحأ نم تلخد ناباب اهل رادك‬ ‫هللا ىلإ يبلق اي لص‬، ‫تآ توملا نإف‬، ‫ةالصلا ريغ هل ىقبت ال عزانلاف لص‬ ‫ًىتف لك سيل نكلو ٌقح ُتوملاو‬، ‫ُنادقف ُهورعي اذِإ هيلع يكبي‬

Body

‫بحلا لثم ةقيقح هنأك ودبي مهو دجوي ال‬، ‫توملا لثم مهولا اهنأكو اهعم لماعتن ةقيقح الو‬ ‫ٌةمحر هعم ٌريسي ٌتوم‬، ‫ِءاقبلا لوطو ِرْسُيلا نم ٌريخ‬، ‫هراوطأ َشيعلا انولَب دقو‬، ‫ِءاقشلا َريغ هيف اندجو امف‬ ‫اهيف ةباعم ال ةيح ةزيرغ توملا نم فوخلا‬، ‫هيلع بلغتن الو انيلع فوخلا اذه بلغتي نأ بيعلا امنإو‬

The cemetery has five entrances, symbolizing the five pillars of Islam-Profession of Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting and Pilgrimage. This part is mainly dominated by arches, similar in form to mosques, as a conversion process from the worship to cemeteries.

Semi-curved

From left to right, stairs with one platform; stairs with two platforms; and a full ramp (accessible to the disabled).

Parallel: increase the extension of the horizontal space, and enhance the spacial order.

Size

Ceiling The ramp in the centre has an inclination of more than 1 : 10, while the staircases on each side have a height-to-depth ratio of between 1 : 3 and 1 : 4, and can then be accessed slowly to provide an adequate buffer.

Passage & Arch

Light strip: provide different levels of brightness for each levels to increase the spatial depth of the vaulted ceiling.

The structure of the dome is divided into 5 Extended: divide the sections to part: Islamic semi-curved structures；3 sets of parallel structures; light strip; extended Semi-curved: continue the charstructure; light-transmitting glass.

Height variation

Passage: Through five entrances to Hall 1, then through two curved passages to Hall 2, or from Hall 1, take the lift or stairs to the underground cemetery.

‫اهيف ةباعم ال ةيح ةزيرغ توملا نم فوخل‬، ‫هيلع بلغتن الو انيلع فوخلا اذه بلغتي نأ بيعلا امنإو‬ ‫مهلجأ يتأي نأ لبق ةديدع تارم ءانبجلا تومي‬، ‫ةدحاو ةرم توملا نوقوذيف ناعجشلا امأ‬ ‫قراوفلاب ةتبلا حمست ال توملاك ةنايخلا‬

Light pipe

‫اًئيش توملا ينعي ال‬، ‫اًّيموي تومت نأ ينعي اًليلذو اًموزهم شيعت نأ نكل‬ ‫مورم ٍفرش يف ترمغ اذإ‬، ‫موجنلا نود امب عنقت الف‬، ‫ٍريقح رمأ يف توملا معطف‬، ‫ميظع ٍرمأ يف توملا معطك‬ ‫نامزلا فاخأ ينأ اوبسحت ال‬، ‫ًاقح توملا ناح توملا اذإ توملا بهرأ وأ‬، ‫ىدرلا ىشخأ تسل‬، ‫ناوألا تاوف ىشخأ امنإو‬ ‫ةيدبألا يف سيلو ربقلا يف ىواستن توملا انلعجي‬

The interior of the chair has a tube that allows light to pass through and a clear glass panel in the centre of the surface that Switch box stops light from entering when pedestrians sit on it.

‫باوبألا عيمج مامأ عكري دوسأ لمج توملا‬ ‫ِراعلا ِبوكُر نم ٌريخ ُتوملا‬، ‫ِرانلا ِلوخُد نم ٌريخ ُراعلاو‬ ‫ايندلا ةذل ينع اعطق نائيش‬: ‫توملا ركذ‬، ‫هللا يدي نيب فوقولاو‬ ‫اناح دق َتوملا نِإف يبوت ُسفن اي‬، ‫اناَّتَف لازام ىوهلاف ىوهلا ِصعاو‬، ‫ُهعيشن ٌتْيَم انل موي لك يف‬، ‫ىسنن‬ ‫اناتْوَم َراثآ ِهعرصمب‬ ‫تيملا ةزانج يف نوريسي عيمجلا‬، ‫ةتيم يكبي دحاو لكو‬

Tomb

‫ةايحلا يه ام يردن ال امدنع‬، ‫توملا وه ام فرعن نأ اننكمي فيك‬ ‫هدنع ايندلا ترغص الإ توملا ركذ دبع مزلأ ام‬ ‫ايندلا بئاصم هيلع تناه توملا فرع نم‬ ‫ُةايحلا ُءيضت ام ُتوملا ُئفطي‬، ‫ُتاملُظ هئافطنا َءاروو‬ ‫ةايحلا كل بهوت توملا ىلع صرحا‬

Left Stair

Right Slope

Height

Islamic scriptures on wall

Way to tombstones

Left

The inner wall of the converter box is reflective of light, while the side connected to the light guide and the wall allows only a single passage of light.

The point light source from the light guide tube through the converter box becomes uniform from the surface light source and makes the brightness of the lettering on the front uniform.

Link (above-under)

Functional zone Above ground

Dimension of arch

As pedestrians move deeper into the cemetery, the height gaps between Variation of height ramps and arches increase, and the view to the sides via the arches widens - most noticeable in the centre ramp, and decreasing to the sides.

Rendering

Passage & Hall

‫هجرس ىقبيو ناصحلا تومي‬، ‫همسا ىقبيو ناسنإلا يهتني‬

Tomb: Encircled in a circle by a polar array - one group consists of three coffins stacked on top of each other. If there is not enough space for the object, it can be continued downwards.

Barrier-free access

Through the six slopes, the indoor and outdoor Spaces are well transitioned, and as visitors enter, the gap between the slope and the ceiling is gradually reduced, and the light is dimmed, gradually producing a relatively peaceful and confessional environment.

‫ٌةمحر هعم ٌريسي ٌتوم‬، ‫ِءاقبلا لوطو ِرْسُيلا نم ٌريخ‬، ‫هراوطأ َشيعلا انولَب دقو‬، ‫ِءاقشلا َريغ هيف اندجو امف‬

Height

Entering Room 2, the space rises in Hall 2 is functionally divided into three height and increases rapidly in width, parts, an external wraparound passagethe H/W decreases dramatically, and way, an area for prayer and a waterhole the space opens up to a vaulted ceiling in the centre, through which people enbased on the spiritual space of the ter the hall to pray and focus their eyes prayers. on the waterhole in the centre.

Right

People can go down the stairs in the center, or they can enter the elevator through the door directly in front and transport the coffin. The left and right sides of Hall 1 are carved with halal idioms about death in the carved shining.

Text position Main Passage Space height Text height

Rendering

Rendering Generative process

Above ground, people happily play as in a normal park; below ground, they mainly feel the peace from thinking of the deceased.

General layout plan

According to the surrounding environment of the site, through the circle and involute, determine the landscape of the road and green space.

Corresponding to the position of the pavement, cut again with a circle to get the top basic type.

With 5 as the base number, the plane is divided and offset.

Take the star and crescent as the basic shape, and make the axis perpendicular to the direction of Mecca.

The path is located by trimming, and steps and ramps are determined according to size and requirements.

According to the site, adjusting the direction of central axis.

10 20

50

100

Hajjah Fatimah Mosque

Abdul Gafoor Mosque Masjid Malabar

Sultan Mosque

07

Part 2

TRUNK

As the part of the tree that connects the roots to the crown, the trunk is the most overlooked, but also the most accessible to us.

Therefore, I will use the logic of branches growth and new methods of disposing of corpses to build hanging gardens and city watchtowers.

Sun-Path Diagram

Adjustment of unit morphology I -Edge filleted

III-Add soil

Unit: meter

Radrose Diagram

The floor is filleted to better avoid the space and allow the interior space to have better light.

While ensuring that the building space does not shrink, visitors can see a wider view from the perspective of looking up to see the smaller volume of the floor.

Dry Bulb Temperature (C) City: Paya.Lebar.AB Country: SGP Time-zone: 8.0 Source: SRC-TMYx

Sunlight analysis

Two groups of unfilleted and filleted four-story floor slabs appear in turn and overlap, to shield the square below and comtrast sunlight analysis.

Unfilleted

Filleted

on the type of vegetation, the soil depth can be 0.2, 0.5, 0.8(max) m, Exist as group(≥3) respectively.

Appear in order

Green area

Exist alone or in pairs

It can be up to the deceased, or their family, to decide what to arrange in the plot to attract people to stay - grass is an option, although some flowers, shrubs or small trees are better.

The Tombstone are hidden in the green in the form of bamboo shoots, waiting for the observant to find them.

Morphological deduction Main body

The orientation of the information will force them to crouch down and look at the names of the dead and the dates of rebirth at eye level.

Standing posture

Trim

Origin of soil

Non-green area

Exist as group(≥3) A continuous space within the high-rise nongreen space will be used for exhibitions focusing on the historical evolution of cemeteries in Singapore, the current and future trends Continuous patches of green area of cemeteries, as are generally planned areas, with well as promoting flower border or tree the benefits of clusters being the new methods most common of cadaver category, disposal. and generally consisting of soil transformed Exist alone or in pairs by multiple Non-green area is mainly deceased functional space, most of rather which is blank area, and than the rest is rest spaceone.

Location of Tombstone chairs, swings, etc.

IV-Tombstone 'Bamshoot'

Sunlight Analysis After the random reduction of the stair block, 10 seeds with good body shape were selected for sunlight analysis, and the best was selected from the average value and the total annual light value.

Seed 01 Seed 02 Seed 03 Seed 04 Seed 05 Seed 06 Seed 07 Seed 08 Seed 09 Seed 10

Unit: meter Depending

Size Top

Parallel

PHASE 4 The Soil Each body creates one cubic yard of soil amendment, which is removed from the vessel and allowed to cure for 2 to 6 weeks.

PHASE 5 Life After Death The soil created returns nutrients from our bodies to the natural world and nourishes new life. *Cite from Recompose Seattle

By changing the degree of alienation between the units in same floor, the psychological activity and moving speed of pedestrian in different floors are affected.

Corridor 1st line

Non-Green area

2nd line Value sorting Smallest

Green area

Green area/ Non-Green area

Green area

Non-Green area

Average corridor length

V-Vertical transport.

1 Ramp

Ramp generation

According to the area size of the floor and the surrounding environment of the building, determine the number of building entrances (N).

Unit: meter

Suppose N=3, then build the ramp at 1/ (n+1) of the circumference and make the difference between the start and end height 6m.

The ramps are arranged around the center of the floor, and the entrance of the ramps is staggered from the entrance of the building.

Elevator

Total corridor length

Largest *Shown in order, and the number in the box represent the corresponding value

Marble

The Date The date will only be the time the deceased died, because each tombstone is in the form of a bamboo shoot in the green space. This date does not symbolize death as you might think, it symbolizes the transformation of a new life.

The average value of sunlight hours

the number of floor units/ the number of corridors

Solid glass

Ground glass

Floor-Change Diagram

2nd Step

Texture

The Name

Annual-Sunlight hours Chart

1st Step

PHASE 3 The Vessel The body and plant material remain in the vessel for 30 days. Microbes power change on the molecular level, resulting in the formation of nutrient-dense soil.

Metal

Parallel

Removal of units

PHASE 2 The Laying In Laying the body in a vessel surrounded by wood chips, alfalfa, and straw. The vessel is closed and the transformation into soil begins.

The QR code Once scanned, it will display an interface containing photos and details of the deceased, as well as the information the deceased wants to convey to us - text, pictures, videos.

Right

Protect and secure the internal structure.

Selected

PHASE 1 The Cycle Begins Natural organic reduction-human composting, is powered by beneficial microbes that occur naturally on our bodies and in the environment.

Information Location

Metel shell

Squatting posture

II-Corridor

Natural Organic Reduction

Through the change of the width of the corridor, the non-node area is reduced, and the crowd flow is slowed down to stay in the node space.

Clearance

Join with pillar

Thickness-Change The thickness variation of the corridor is consistent, without any individual difference.

Rest deck

Slope

Width-change

The max-width of the corridor remains constant while the min-width decreases with the increase of corridor elevation.

Floor:01

Clearance(m): 5.26

Reserve

Remove

7.84

2 Elevator

Floor:10

(TOP)

The ramp is filleted on the far side of the building, and support columns support the ramp from the outside of the building.

The cylinder at the center of the building is divided into (2~3) N parts. Hypothesis N=3, the cylinder is divided into 9 parts.

Floor:20

There are elevators on each of the nine sides of the ground floor, but as the number of floors increases, fewer elevators are accessible, and people can only climb to higher levels through the surrounding gentle slopes.

VI-Pillar choice Floor:30

Altitude difference 5 meters

A 5-meter pillar is not enough to support a single unit, and requires the assistance of a higher level pillar.

10 meters 2

56

1

38

Floor:40

*The number of units in the same horizontal position

As shown in the SunPath diagram, due to the specific location, units were removed mainly from the core of the building (e.g. top view - black centre) - as the main result obtained from the daylight analysis.

08

Colour distribution is more even than in Step 1. Because the location of the units will be removed or adjusted according to the flow routes and the shading relationship of the neighbouring spaces, such as the Floor -Change diagram.

Blend

In the absence of a 10-meter diagonal pillar, a higher level pillar is needed to support it.

Entrance of elevator

According to the distance between the unit and the elevator, choose the nearest 2-3 units for connection, and the corridors must correspond to the elevator doors.

Floor:50

15 meters

Flow Chart

1st

Floor:60

Original spot

Selected 1st layer spot

2nd layer spot

To be selected 1st layer spot

2nd layer spot

3rd layer spot

If the number of the same color is not equal to the number of columns on it, select N pieces of this color (N is the number of columns on it).

2nd

3rd

4th

Building skin

In this part, I will continue to assume that the number of entrances to the building-N=3

Bottom deduction

Outline Auxiliary line Corridor

Step 3

Upper Lower Corridor

Exposed Sheltered Corridor

Hierarchical analysis

Ground floor

Entrance

Look down

Step 2

Flow analysis

Departure

B1

Sandwich structure

Destination

With the rise of floors, the T h e s h e l l s e c t i o n i s shell section tends to be pressed downward so that the spacing increases as rounded gradually. the floor rises.

Let the shell section zoom in and out depending on its position, and rotate a total of 120°.

Pull the bottom of the shell outward to avoid building entrances and form air intakes.

The distance between the shell and the building Section 01

Section 02

Section 03

Section 04

Section 05

Section 06

Section 07

Section 08

Section 09

Gap (Shell & Building)

The three groups of glass were rotated atdifferent angles respectively, and the horizontaland vertical sections were carried out respectively to show the influence of the wind direction.

Open

0

30

01

04

Half open

Closed

Elevator

Unit wind load analysis

Half open

Box installation

Open

Take 1/3 of the building and slice it to establish the position of the sandwich support through the variation of the distance between the shell and the building.

Closed

Ashes are made through Placements of the drone an underground site and placement boxes inside the placed in a urn, which is support columns. transported via a chain inside a support column to the location of drone boxes.

The placement box of the drone is placed inside the support columns of the main structure, and the box is presented in three states: fully closed, half-open, and fully open for when the drone needs to be activated in order to transport the urn to the nearby 'Crown'.

Section position 01 09 Corresponding

Rotation angle

Box location

Ramp

Step 1

Drone

Urn transmit

Morphological deduction

The distance between the sandwich beam and the building The sandwich structrue only occurs in the region below the red line derived from the average of distance between the shell and the building.

Horizontal

Shell

Section

Support analysis Pillar&Beam

Ramp's pillar

Glass curtain wall Supporting network

Section 01

Section 02

Transverse and oblique I-beams provide support for the sandwich beams.

Section 03

A staggered two-layer network supports the glass away from the outer steel frame.

Beam&Curtain

Section 04

Vertical

01

Rotating shaft

08

Rotated

A frame is supported by four sets of steel pipes.

Section 01

When the drone needs to fly out, the corresponding diamond-shaped glass panel will rotate and open to reveal a gap for the drone to pass through.

Sandwich beam

A section near the pane of the assembly used to hold the two layers of cable has a motor that can make the pane rotate (1 motor can control the pane on both sides; 1 pane needs 2 motors at the same time).

It can be seen from the diagram (1/3 of the building)that the uplift of the shell gradually flattens as the floors rise.

The CFD of the building Ground floor

Absolute velocity-m/s 0 12

Section 02

Section 03

Section 04

Air flow inside the building

Section 05

When the air flow meets the barrier of the shell, it rises with the protrusion of the shell.

Section 07

Section 08

Pane

Absolute velocity-m/s 0

12

Depending on the direction of air flow into the building, the air flow A i r f l o w w i l l is either separated by the inner b e p a r t i a l l y building or continues along the dispersed into the direction of the shell. floor when rising.

The airflow will spread outward with the loss of the shell bulge.

Flat

Look up

Section 06

09

Part 3

CROWN

As the part of the tree that connects the roots to the crown, the trunk is the most overlooked, but also the most accessible to us.

Therefore, I will use the logic of branches growth and new methods of disposing of corpses to build hanging gardens and city watchtowers.

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Wh theere t h cenr e i s e r o a per tre to s u f f i c d i s n s gro on pa place i e n t a r r o und ss th a r e w a es e s a . dirFe tru i n n d clo tlywcture t h e thr , t h o Pe des ugh t e he tria n

Un d par ergro t Pillas-Gla und i r a ss s s di nd he vid Ba ll, D ed sem ro in e ne to Pro nt floo,r.Groun5 main d fl pu oor , p

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Aa r A-B ea: x > B w dista 100 idth nce m² : z : 10 >1 m< 0m y <

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Du e a n to th d sep v e h i e und c thr a r a t e u l a r e r g r o o ; t u wh ugh t pede raffic nd, p il h s the e veh e un trian are c edest rou icula derg tra om rian nda r t rou ffic ple bou raffi nd will tely t on c wil ins pa the l pa talla ss roa ss th tion d. rou , gh

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Th e p a area r b y t s , A was a d d the e t e r n d B ivide d m be width i n i n , a n d into twe o g t T h e n f B, t h e t h e hree re a r A cho e fo andand t r e a o a d , sen rms B, he d o f to b of res ista A , e p s t r u p e c nce lac ctu tiv ed res ely . in t he were are a.

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As pedit pas s comestria es d n i ab plete and rectly le ly s ve o t 'tru o p ep hic ver nks as ara ula th ' at s u ted r tra e ro gro nde , an ffic ad und r a d p is , lev nd t eople not el. hro u g are ht he

Un d sac ergro u r do edne nd, in es ss i n s not of t orde t e a to he r to lig con d u nec p r o ch th ht, th expre ted p p e e b e g ss to t d u ase lass the he p b me sh gro y e n und s t e t flo ll floo e l t u or, be r. s

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the ts, r par rne ee co thr the o t d d in an ide trunk div re iary s a auxil n m le colu idd is ort e m unk g upp , th l tr e s trunk tra innin h T re cen beg ltiple t n e u t h he ce k. of , as t tes m n a . re tru ctu lex an rn lel tru mp em he u ral e s st co ches orts t a h tor T mo ran pp P ter u ula e b n the ll the and s r t i c th Ce n a k and ctly a of a ches n a s trun indire bra l ts . a c tra or l y cen tly hes a i n the direc branc m re I t een nks, pper ctu tw u dle be er tr the u stru the Mid n g the of cor ortin l of ches rily to a p n sup rmin bra ima e te est pr s th few rves er a s the d se n r n e Co ulat s a ary. e d ic r art e typ boun rne e Co thr e the n defi

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Gro she und is ll, D div ron ide e, P d in illa to 4 ra nd part Gro s und Gla Pro floo ss r. p

Construction process

Du e exp t o is erien s a t i com ce s f gro pl , th y i n g e u e and n d a tely G r o t h e som n d susp u n d h u e b supp end gla m a ran o r ed s s n che t e d ab s h e s in b y ove l l Shell node the t h e the cen t r u tre n k .

Step 1 Bring the urn to the site

Step 2 Transfer urn to conveyor - transfer to drone box

Shell&cable

Step 3 Stacking of urns by drone

Urn&cable

Step 1 Bring the urn to the site

Dro

ne

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Gla

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e, dg b r i ve t h e bo o f i n g a the g m s f o r pas terin and t h e r e en e o f erefo way, bridg u s ere th riage the a c y B e ple a e car tly b c c o pe surfa dire . n the llatio rough ta h ins ing t s s a p

Dro

sart 5 p and into Pillar d e r, ivid rido is d or n d e, C rou Dron g e ll, ov Ab s she or. s o Gla und fl Gro

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een etw , t b dor tac c o r r i t h e n o c no t h e ied in t h e tain a n d ur y ain e l l mi-b u p b o m s s h is se p e d t e Du G l a s shell p r o p t h e glass n d i s a the u n d t of it. r g r o d pa ie r u b

The structure of the urn is divided into three main parts: the outer glass shell, the middle support and the inner urn.

Urn

De

live

ru

rn

Step 1 Bring the urn to the site

Taoism

Hinduism Buddhism Judaism

Islam Catholicism The colour of the ashes to look at is arbitrary and is determined by the preference of the grave maker himself.

Step 3 Stacking of urns by drone

Add bone ash

Step 2 Transfer urns to drones - for stacking

Tetrahedron Octahedron Since the cumulative columbarium is structured as a positive triangular cone, the shape of the columbarium is divided into 2 basic typespositive tetrahedron and positive octahedron.

10

Wh op e n u e s and ns vi i n g t the a a h e d dro trac r o n ne k o e , can n t t h fly he g e l i d stra ro igh und t ou t.

Aft e u, p r the d the eople rone h the dronecan p as flo m in 's lac wn sid robo e the out e th tic o e - armurns f the u 'Cr ow - sta nder n'. ck ing

Ground Step 2 Transfer urn to conveyor - transfer to drone box

Ground

Underground

Th e the dron gro e is und no in a rma box lly p tha ark t is ed clo on sed .

en

After bringing the columbarium to the 'Crown' site, a drone assists people in stacking the urns in the structure.

Aboveground 02

se

Op

Drone

Aboveground 01

Clo

Crown

Cable node

Stacking

F

d de plo Ex shell

lar

Glass shell Support

Underground

low

t no a r e ore le o p are m e dp y a n the r t , so p o ck, lel s u p e de r ral f o ridg Pa i n l ythe b a m r a r e nde rs s u i l l a as e p o p m.

T h wed t in for allo olithic n mo

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Before being placed in the urn, people either personally or by a staff member place the ashes in a small box of their chosen shape before placing them in the transparent urn.

Location

Tsingtao port location

City: Tsingtao

Nation: China

Tsingtao Port &coastal scenic area Quay 5 Quay 8 Quay 7 Quay 4 Quay 3 Quay 2 Quay 1

Qianwan port Aoshan bay port

Quay 6

Province: Shandong The site is located at the junction of two districts, Grand Harbour and Middle Harbour are both located in the Shibei district, and Little Harbour is divided by the Shinan and Shibei districts.

Dongjiakou port

District: Shibei

The late Qing Dynasty

[ Miss to Meet ]

Harbour-Renewal-Inheritance Architecture & Landscape design Rejuvenation of an outdated harbour by renovation Location: Tsintao, China Type: Team Work (Minghao Wang & Haotian Ju) Time: 2024 Spring Semester (graduate) Adviser: Yinan Sun Responsibility: Ideas presented(60%), Issue analysis(20%), design(60%), modeling(80%), renderings(20%) Little Harbour used to be the main harbour of Qingdao, with a thriving commercial area and a vibrant fish market. Currently, the prosperity has faded and the coastal views are not expansive.

German occupation P.

1890

1895

Japanese occupation P. 1914

RC P. - JO P.

1900

1905

1910

1915

1920

Republic of China P.

1938

1925

1930

1935

1940

1955

Renamed the No.5 People's Beach

No.5 People's Beach

1960

1965

Sightseeing route

District boundary

Reform and Opening

1978

2000

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Olympic Sailing center

Tsingtao port bounday

Post-millennium

2005

2010

2015

2020

Industrial pollution, silting, gradually abandoned(60-70s)

Qingdao Shipyard of the Navy Shandong No.4 Arsenal 1899 Mine gun repair shop

The putty cube factory

Qingdao naval Factory

Chinese People's Liberation Army Factory 4808 (Advance Shipyard)

Naval ironworks Uraga Shipyard Co., LTD Navy Factory 301 China's first self-built dock People's Liberation Army Qingdao Shipyard Accepted by the KMT Japanese-funded Qingdao aquatic products control combination

Qingdao fish market

Fish Market

1916 Japanese fish market

Patriotic boycott closed Qingdao fishery Company

Little Harbour

1950

Highway

Eight major passes

New China

1945 1949 1945

Small Qingdao

3 Sun&Moon Beach

Qianjin shipyard

Haiguanhou

Flow

World War II

1922

May Fourth Square

Trestle

The original function of old port area of Qingdao port

World War I

1897

Huiquan Bay Woodchopping yard

Tsingtao port(Huangdao port area)

District: Shinan

Historical events & Texture

03

Tsingtao port(original) Haixiwan port

Qingdao fish market State-owned Qingdao fish market Qingdao aquatic products trading market

Qingdao aquatic products wholesale market

More clubs, bars and shops First use of the 'Haiguanhou' title Labour gathering place Forming of blocks' networks

Guanxian Road-formed a financial and commercial service street and became Harbour Seafood Gathering Area Qingdao Ship Inspection Bureau was dismantled

Business houses, city blocks, red light districts

Tapautau Island pier built

New embankment Become a foreign trade port (a supplement port for domestic trade)

Initial establishment Large-scale dredging Completed, and set up Tapautau Island sub-card

Removed of Tapautau Island sub-card Become the subject of photography and painting

Replaced by residential areas

Cleared of Haiguanhou block

Nationalized, massively expanded, and turned into a mixed passenger and freight port

The north as a port area, the south as a military area Full of vendors of all kinds

Promoting the construction of Small port; Starting, Middle port Transformed tourist port

Interview The desire for coastal landscapes, spatial entertainment and memories

New planning policy: Most of the coastal office areas will be relocated and the little harbour will exist as part of the landscape link among the coastal landscapes on the south-east side of Qingdao, the Hi-Tech Zone and the West Coast. Thus the Little Harbour area will be re-planned and re-designed.

Transportation planning: To satisfy the functional needs and ensure that the northeast and south-west sides can pass smoothly through the site. In the site and the surrounding area, people will be guided into the site by road planning and guide improvement. Also, via landscape renovation, such problems as current situation of insufficient view area, broken slow travelling system, obstacles and etc. can be solved.

The behaviour of people with the landscape was divided into 3 categories: bowing, embracing and handshaking - representing reverence for history, communion with nature, and daily use respectively. Thus, the functional areas are divided into 3 categories: first, the maintenance or reuse of the site, transforming into monumental landscapes and inserting new functions; second, for the formation of an ecoisland chain, providing habitats, facilitating coastal exploration, and preserving and purifying water; third, satisfying the functional needs of the people for recreation, relaxation, and entertainment in their daily lives.

Space research Jogging Catch seafood

Area to be updated

Cycling

Angling

Run dogs

2m- sea area

Live streaming

Current Remains & Important Nodes

Market Chessing Connectivity barrier

Crowds activity

2m~5m sea area

Landscape Anchors Functional 5m~10m sea area

Unopened green area

Extranet Total historic landscape anchors Opened green area

10m+ sea area

Sea area

Disturbed seascape with sediment accumulation in the centre.

Heritage

Rich in historical resources but with little trace.

Traffic

Higher barriers and space connectivity to be improved.

Activity

Diverse crowd activities and flexible space appropriation.

Green area

The site is mono-vegetated and has a low level of green area.

11

Site analysis

C

Scale

Little Harbour is an old port area within Tsingtao, synergise marine and green spaces with the facing the needs of industrial transfer, bulk cargo renewal of Grand Harbour, extend the slow-moving function, location upgrading and adjustment. system, and connect the Old Town landscape belt.

Revetment Type

Height Low

Due to 3m sea level rise

Cruise home-port

Higher probability of inundation of Pier 6 and existing military and government sites

Containerised shopping malls

Within the design red line, there is a need to enrich the waterfront, improve sight lines to site, increase recreational area, and enhance road connections.

Section High

Inundation zone

Design area

Pier 6

Accumulation zone

B

A-A

C

Military & Political Area Tsingtao No.5 Beach (3 Sun & Moon Beach)

The compound possibility of sports, youth and shopping.

A

B-B

D

B

D

E

A

Legend Commercial

Little Harbour residential area

C-C

Educational Industrial Militery Harbour Reserve

E

D-D

Tsingtao No.5 Beach (3 Sun & Moon Beach)

Natural potential area

F

2m

2m isobath

5m

5m isobath

10m

10m isobath Siltation zone Scour zone

Primary school

Matrix zone X To be moved Green area

E-E

Historical spatial anchors

Haiguanhou

Existing spatial anchors

F Tapautau Pier original site

Potential space

Potential traffic core and portal core

Port beacon

G

F-F

Viaduct Subway

G G-G

Red line *Inside red line

History scenery reserve

Scour zone Design red line

Parking for sailboats and yachts

Forward shipyard

Jiao Customs Tapautau branch card site

H

H

Qingdao ship inspection Bureau office building sitesite

A large and well-established industrial heritage

H-H

Boat ramp Open-air fish stall

I-I

Legend(section)

I

Shipyard

Green area

Seafood market Little Harbour Dock

J

Recreational area

Qingdao old fish market

Architecture Sea area Walking area

J-J

12

Barge

J Vocational technical school

I

4.2 hm2

15% Land space Public space 3.4 hm2

28 hm2

12% Public space Green space 1.5 hm2

28 hm2

44% 3.4 hm2 Green area Unopened green area

Problem analysis

Function analysis

Section

Tourist port

3.54

3.61

Leisure port

3.15

3.70

1.69

1.87

2.85

2.37

2.25

3.16

2.70

Natural

Visual

Layout

Historic port

Induatrial port The rich historical layers of the site's past fail to highlight many important remnants of history that are nowhere to be found today. The ecological, recreational, and historical and cultural enhancement of Little Harbour in the eyes of the users is still essential.

Service

Eco-port

Fishing port

*Evaluation values are composite scores for value, derived from the questionnaire.

1.55

Tourists

Residents

Landscape as a constantly changing rewrite, the landscape of the Little Harbour area cannot be used as a chronicle that carries the state of local life and habitation. In addition, the recreational fishing industry is important for tourists, and the ecological value of the site for local residents is of greater concern.

Relax

Game

Ecololgy

Sports

History

Problem summary Ecological level

Use level

Urban level

Ecologically, the site's waterfront is contaminated, the interface is mostly inflexible vertical barges with monotonous green space vegetation and a low percentage of land area.

Visitors' view of the site is blocked, the slow path is fragmented with numerous obstacle spaces, there is a lack of space for public events, and residents have functionally appropriated the current space.

The urban environment is not clearly structured, the site lacks character, unable to articulate the tourism axis of old Qingdao, the spatial function is obsolete, and the rich historical information is not visible.

Water quality pollution

Disturbance of visual field

Deficiency of inheritance

Facing the core traffic space, a visitor service centre is set up, The green coverage has increased significantly, creating Based on the historical stories and remains of the space, the Different spatial scenarios are introduced, i.e. four major parks, adjacent to the indoor fish market in Little Harbour, and one rest an ecological green nucleus in the heart of the harbour to design rearranges thirty new landscape viewpoints and creates as well as three main lines for the public to cultivate their minds, stop is arranged every 450m along the entire line of the harbour achieve sea-green blend. Green areas are categorised as eco- four major landscape viewpoints, constructing an axis of maritime watch films, listen to music, buy seafood and study nature. area, making a total of eight. According to the nature of the greenspaces with a higher focus on ecological services; open tourism and historical perception. surrounding area, there are additional functions such as drinking green area, public openness; functional green area, activities; bar, singing bar, cleaning room, etc., so as to establish a service isolation green area, external road noise.

Culture and Arts Park Slow Walking Line network for the whole area.

Sea & Green blend Ecological habitat Fish Market and Trade Park Commercial Walking Line New horizon Cityslow traffic system Ecological green area Isolation green area Nature and Leisure Park Educational Interactive Line Rest station Vistor service center New perspective Experience axis Functional green area Recreational green area Outdoor Sports Park

General layout plan 50 100

Hard revetment

Dysconnectivity

200

500

Function lag 3 1

2

30

7 4

Single vegetation

Activity deprivation

29 18

Tourism axis fracture

8

9

6

5 28 19

17

20

16

27

15

Strategy framework Scenes 100-From Miss to Meet Fishing Harbour History

Industrial History

21

Colonial wounds 14 22

Missed

Missing

Miss

Bow

Enhance

23 26

10 Visual Illumination & Connectivity

Break barriers & connect footpaths

24

Meet

11

Handshake Restoring nature & Habitat

3 gestures

Embracing & Venues

Connecting land, sea & city

13 12

Scenes 100 Proposing the core concept of Little Harbour New 100: From Miss to Meet. The obscured history and chaotic status quo of the harbour landscape is attributed to a loss of identity. The design is based on the means of landscape to record the past history, to reshape the impression of the crowd to establish a place of nostalgia, and to create a composite harbour where citizens can live happily, where industrial regeneration and historical precipitation, as well as resilience to nature, can be found.

Hug

Event planning All-season activity planning based on the whole landscape

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

Planting season

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Kite season Winter bonfire

Sept

Oct

Dec

Midsummer beer Festival

Early spring bonfire

Deeply autumn bonfire Marathon (spring)

Citizen's swim

Nov

Bird watching & Nature study camp

Marathon (autumn)

Dragon boat season

Citizen's swim

Festival of music and outdoor BBQ & Pool party Sea fishing & Seafood market

Fishing off season Camping out

Sea fishing & Seafood market Camping out

Legend 1 Sea Viewing Stairs 2 Viewing platform (crane) 3 Shipyard Historical View 4 Music Square 5 Drive-in Theatre (Gantry) 6 Air Challenge Centre (Gantry) 7 Archives 8 Restaurant & Shop (Shipyard) 9 Maritime Museum(Boat Ramp) 10 Floating Fish Market

11 Fish Market Ruins 12 Workers' Monument 13 Haiguanhou Time Promenade 14 Recreational Fishing Pontoon 15 Historical Memorial Pontoon 16 Meditation Garden 17 Tai Chi Square 18 Fishing Pontoon 19 Historical Memorial Pontoon 20 Garden Viewing Pontoon

21 Shipwreck Memorial Black Box 22 Artificial Islands 23 Waterfront Beach 24 Martyrs' Monument 25 No.5 Beach Memorial Terrace 26 Compound ball game field 27 Extreme Skateboarding Ground 28 Outdoor Campsite 29 Hot air balloon lawn 30 Observation Deck

25

13

Block function Bow

The focus of bowing is to deal with the site's historic industrial structures as well as important historical memories and to write them into the site in the form of landscapes and facilities.

Gantry - Providing film projection screen fabrics Gantry - zip-line sports Crane-viewing tower type Crane-vertical garden type

Section illustration

Location of section

Martyrdom monument A A

Shipyard - Museum of Maritime History

Abandoned factory - to art gallery and market

Abandoned factory - to office space

Walls of abandoned factory - Artistic renovation

Shipwreck Sacrifice Black Box 10m roaming lane 4m cycling lane

Boat Ramp - Monumental Waterfront Landscap

Wall-history scroll

Coastal light - fish rods' forms and seafood textures

Beacon - for facade decoration

Carving of flower boxes and paving - history

Landscape Wall Inscription - History

Abandoned ships - to floating flower beds and bio-warming beds

3m running lane

3m waterfront explore lane

Bench etched-history

4m cycling lane

Vision construction

3m running lane

10m roaming lane

Road Hierarchy

Brisles with masts

Sand island causeway

Walking Trail

Wetland birdsong

LOHAS pier

Running Trail

Wandering and experience the diversity of landscapes

3m waterfront explore lane

Seaside Explore Trail

Get in touch and explore nature in depth

Hug

The hug lies in adding some new functions to the site, mainly to make up for the shortcomings in its environmental adjustment capacity, and to add new functions adapted to the needs of the local residents, so that the residents can generate more participation in the original harbour area space, and deeper integration with nature. The result is a modern, new green harbour space.

Ocean-facing Staircases Wetland wooden trestles Nearshore beach Promenade

Coastal Observation Deck

Shore Island - Viewing, Leisure and Recreation

Nearshore islands - for birding and exploring

Offshore islands - providing ecological habitats

Bird-watching shelters along the coastal trestle

Ecological riparian treatment of side banks

Oyster reefs purify waters, resilient to tides

Waterside barge

Handshake

The handshake is twofold: visually, it focuses on the unity of the internal view and the attraction of the external view, and behaviourally, it pays attention to the site's rich slow-moving needs, and the design deals with four types of flow, improving the site's access conditions in order to carry out the flow.

Open the fence to free up space Bridges to widen too-narrow streets Hot air balloon attracts outside view

14

Light tower light up the interior visual tone

The running trail is wide and unobstructed

Cycling Trail

Cycling trail through the coast of Little Harbour

Rendering

Slow Walking Line

Diving platform & Waterfront area

Educational Interactive Line

Culture & Arts Park

Nature & Leisure Park

Outdoor Sports Park

Nature & Leisure Park - Fish Market & Trade Park - Culture & Arts Park

Outdoor Sports Park - Educational Interactive Line - Nature & Leisure Park

15

SITE ANALYSIS

Underground space Demand

Over the last few decades, underground space has become increasingly important for the development of society. Population growth, the development of metropolitan areas, migration to cities, environmental awareness and increased demand for transport, water, utilities, storage, security and shelter have encouraged the use and development of underground space.

History

04

[ Mirrored London ]

Dungeon-Future-Mirrored Urban design A future integrated underground city Location: London, UK Type: Team Work (Minghao Wang, Jiaze Song, Xiaoxiang Hong) Time: 2023 Spring Semester Adviser: Yang Ni Responsibility: Ideas presented(50%), issue analysis(20%), design(80%), modeling(100%), renderings(50%) Relying on the Poly Frame plug-in and 3D Graphic Statistics (gh) to aid in the design, a holistic urban module was formed underneath the City of London.

The City of London, as a historic CBD, is characterised by high levels of day and night population movement and lacks of function. In addition, the City of London is not easily accessible due to railway planning within the area.

The design is divided into 3 parts: Skyscraper: similar structures are generated and buried in the ground, modelled on the original structural features, and connected to the core on the site.

Older dwellings: blocks shaped complex are created and multiple cores are added to provide access to the surface.

Open spaces: 3 larger open spaces in the area were selected to form underground pits to allow more light to enter the ground and to form the 3 activity centres of the underground city as the main locations for people to meet.

In the underground city, people can move smoothly from above ground to under ground and walk without hindrance. In the event of extreme weather, shelters are available for people. The underground network also provides direct access to the office from the underground transport system.

The history of underground architecture is a complex and convoluted one, from the ancient times of the Middle East and Europe to the height of Cold War paranoia.

Seeking shelter on earth is not a unique idea. Humans and animals have exploited the protective and insulating properties of the soil long before recorded history, developing complex and simple ways to cope with harsh climates and hostile environments.

As the world's population becomes overwhelmingly urbanised, the cities of the future will increasingly need to find more creative and sustainable ways to use less space. While many ideas are still being devised, it seems inevitable that skyscrapers and cities under cities will continue to be popular and serve as viable alternatives.

Environment

Global Temperature Anomaly (°C, 1980-2020 average） 1.00

The Case and Plan for underground space

Derinkuyu Cappadocia Turkey The Cappadocia region of Turkey is dotted with underground cities dating back to the 8th century BC, which may have served as a refuge during times of war or invasion.

Lowline New York, USA New York has approved plans for the world's first underground park, to be built inside an abandoned train tunnel on the Lower East Side. It includes a system to let in sunlight to maintain a forest.

Coober Pedy SA Australia In South Australia, Coober Pedy, miners have found cosy accommodation in the real 'underground'. There are 1,600 people living here, with shops, restaurants and churches.

Underground extension Hong Kong, China In Hong Kong, buildings are going underground due to lack of space.

Currently, Hong Kong is supporting the use of hillside areas for the construction of logistics and data centres, laboratories, etc.

Ancient streets Naples, Italy Naples' city beneath the city, 40 metres underground, takes visitors back to its Greek and Roman origins along ancient cobbled streets, past the remains of aqueducts, market shop fronts and Roman theatres.

Edinburgh Vaults Edinburgh, Scotland The South Bridge was built in the late 18th century with 19 storerooms underneath to provide storage and workshops on the bridge. These were abandoned and closed in the mid-19th century due to dampness.

Construction information

The City of London is the historic centre and main financial district of London, England. With 800 years of history, the City is a blend of Roman ruins and modern iconic architecture. One of the City's main functions is to represent the interests of the British financial services industry. The City is home to the Bank of England and is traditionally considered to be the financial centre of the UK. Max: 14

Max: 26

Max: 37

Max: 40

Max: 38

Max: 48

Max: 60

11th Floor

Ground Floor

33rd Floor

40th Floor

30th Floor

40th Floor

50th Floor

16th Floor

35th Floor

0.75

0.50 6th Floor

0.25

0.00

19th Floor

Typical Floor

1980

2000

2020 10th Floor

Global catastrophic events from 1980 to 2014.

31th Floor

Numbers(Total) 900 Climatological events 800

Hydrological events

700

Mateorological events

11th Floor 22th Floor

5th Floor

Ground Floor 4th Floor

600

1st Floor

7th Floor

500 400 300

21th Floor

Lower Ground

200 100 0

1980

1990

2000

2010

2014

Meteorological records show an increase in weatherrelated disasters since 1980.The Fourth National Climate Assessment Report, released in 2018, "predicts that more frequent and intense extreme weather and climaterelated events, as well as changes in average climate conditions, will continue to damage infrastructure, ecosystems, and the social systems that provide essential benefits to communities.

Population

Ground Floor Upper Base

Ground Floor

Ground Floor

Height(m) 278

Ground Floor

225

Lower Base

190

World population growth 1700-2050

180 172

(Millions) 12 Annual growth rate of the world population World population 10

125

8 6

95

4 2 0

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

2050

The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.8 billion in 2022. The United Nations expects the population to continue to grow. This growing population will lead to overpopulation, which is the main cause of most of the world's problems. Whether it is food shortages, lack of drinking water or energy shortages, every country in the world is or will be affected.

Lloyd's building

Willis building

100 Bishopsgate

30 St Mary Axe

52 Lime Street

Leadenhall

22 Bishopsgate

Reasons for building dungeon 1.Historical and cultural issues

The City of London is surrounded by predominantly Victorian and Edwardian buildings, and several protected buildings, including 33 and 35 East Cheap Street, Grade II* listed buildings of 1868. The continued construction of skyscrapers in London's financial district would damage the setting of historic buildings and conservation areas, which would have detrimental impacts on this historic city.

2.Strict building regulations

Safety is a top planning priority and buildings must be able to withstand wind, bear weight, be protected from fire and be easily accessible. The design and construction of skyscrapers is therefore critical to meeting building code requirements, making it difficult to obtain planning approval for such buildings.

3.Limitations of the city of London

16

The City was the world's leading business centre throughout the 19th century and remains important today.

The City of London has a resident population of 9,401, but more than half a million people are employed there, and it is estimated that there are more than one million workers in the City of London, with around ¾ of jobs in finance and related businesses.

Metro station Bus station Bus Metro District line Circle line Central line Elizabeth line

Building unit generation Public Space; higher space, most flexible structure, predominantly commercial space.

Private space: predominantly residential space with smaller, denser individual spaces.

Through the structural function analysis of the buildings in the city of London, the structure is extracted and simplified, and the characteristic structure is extracted for the generation of the underground city structure.

Then the building modules are generated according to the functional requirements, and the modules are connected, and finally the shape is optimized, and the floors are generated according to the needs of the height.

The Gherkin

Structural

Partial

Abtraction

Split

The Gherkin is a structurally robust building with a streamlined, eggshaped form that minimises wind resistance while allowing some wind to enter the staircase.

Diagonal bracing is predominantly used throughout the building, while lateral bracing is used to aid reinforcement.

In the partialisation process, it is divided into these three main sections, mainly the part underneath which is dominated by the original entrance, as well as the main building section, and the roofing section of the building.

In the process of abstraction, due to the regularisation of the original shape, it will be divided into three classes under the change of quantity: entrance building - top. Using the entrance as a base, the quantity will first be increased and then in the process of topping the building, the quantity will be reduced again to a quantity comparable to that of the entrance.

Instead of adopting the original number of six sides, the specific section was changed to a pentagonal shape in order to seek for the beauty of form.

The main structure of the building is also changed from the original triple to a twofold relationship, from the 5-10-5 form changes, mainly divided into the public space part articulation part - main part - articulation part - roof part.

Force

Form

Aggregation

Module 1

Height(m) Total: 250 -25

-50

-75

Optimize Structure

Structural

Partial

Abtraction

Split

The structure of the leaden hall is very characteristic, in order to sight avoidance the whole forms a diagonal structure, and its core is independent of the building. On the front of the staircase, the structure is dominated by a number of diamond shapes, while on the sides it consists mainly of two sets of triangles in different directions.

In the partialisation of the staircase, the core is firstly separated and the staircase is individually subdivided. It is divided into three main sections, the public space at the base of the building, the office space in the centre and the top section of the building.

For the traffic system, it is mainly a continuation of the rectangular structure, while for the main part of the building, after determining the number of floor slabs, the choice will be made to add diagonal bracing for articulation in addition to the main structure.

In the process of morphogenesis, the main part is generated by structures generated on the basis of three, and there is a multiplicative change in the number, with larger and freer forms in the more public areas. The core, on the other hand, is more regular, consisting of squares and rectangles, and is generated on a base of two.

Force

Module 1

Force

Module 2

The Leadenhall Building

Height(m) Total: 350 -50

Semi-private spaces: connecting public and private spaces, acting as a structural transition, mainly office spaces.

Spire: the main structural terminal of a building.

100 Bishopsgate

Structural

Partial

The basic structure of the building is abstracted. It consists of two main parts: a hexagonalturnedquadrilateral polyhedron at the bottom; and a regular quadrilateral at the top.

-90

Abtraction

Based on functional requirements, I partitioned it into three parts.

Specifically, the lower polyhedron is divided into two parts, the upper and lower parts, plus a whole quadrilateral on top.

Split

Mainly, the number of floor slabs for each part of the setup will be approximated.

The articulation of each floor slab is envisaged.

There is a part of the abstraction method and a certain number of relationships are realised in decreasing quantities.

It is hypothetically a simple cut on a polyhedron, a step ahead of the specific implementation.

I divided it into 4 blocks: the rectangle, the square rectangle converted at 45°, the articulated structure in the centre and the building capping block.

-130

Form

Aggregation

Force

Optimize Structure

Form

Aggregation Force

Module 1 -170

-125

-210

-85

-120

Force

-100

Height(m) Total: 340 -50

Optimize Structure

-155

-190

Module 2

Module 2

-150

Form

Module 3

-250

Form

-225 Form

Module 3

-290

-175

-260

Module 3 Module 4 -340

-200

The Scalpel

Force Module 1

Structural

Partial

Abtraction

Split

The shape of the scalpel is also peculiar and very sharp, with the number of sides changing in each part of the crosssection. The most characteristic feature is the spire, but the structure of the building is still traditional, with vertical and partly diagonal supports as well as transverse supports running through it.

In the course of the partialisation of the building, the main building will be divided into upper and lower parts as well as a spire based on a distinctive bulge in the body of the building.

In the abstraction process, after determining the number of floors, the degree of articulation is mainly composed of diagonal lines due to the inclination of its original main structure. And because of the variability of the original structure, the shape of the articulation is also more variable.

In the process of partitioning specific geometries, the number of sides of a polyhedron is simplified by varying the whole process from pentagonalquadrilateralpentagonaltriangularcuspidal order.

Form

Aggregation

Optimize Structure

Height(m) Total: 250 -25

22 Bishopsgate

-50

Structural

Partial

Abtraction

Split

22 Bishopsgate. As it was built on the site of an uncompleted building, the main structure at the bottom of the building is more complex as a polyhedron, and as the floors rise it evolves into the remaining two numbers of polyhedrons, which are interlocked.

In the process of partialisation of the body block, the cuts are mainly based on these three different shapes of polyhedra.

The basic structure of the staircase is made of longitudinal and transverse steel, which is relatively simple.

In the process of abstraction, the proportion of the original bottom polyhedron will be relatively reduced and transformed as a public space.

And in the three staircases three different shapes of polyhedra between the articulation part, will also be cancelled out of the right angle, to the obtuse angle instead, in order to keep the smoothness of the form of fluency.

In the specific cut, the number of edges of all polyhedra will be reduced by a certain number of edges, changing to three specific edges of 8-6-4, and in addition to the three main building structures, there will be two articulated structures as well as capped sections.

Force Module 1

Form

Aggregation

-125

Module 3

-150

Structural

Partial

Abtraction

Split

The structure of the building is abstracted and the basic structure is abstracted. It is divided into 3 body blocks, which can be directly accessed by the appearance of the building. It is vertically similar three curved structures.

Based on the functional requirements, I did not choose to do a horizontal block split, but rather a vertical one. This is only used for morphogenesis, the function of this building is still, categorised according to the horizontal plane.

Determine how many floors are needed for each part of the respectively, and located on which floors are connected and merged . For the later generation of the form, most of the original right angles are replaced by obtuse angles in order to maintain the smoothness of the form.

In order to produce an appearance with a curved shape, the entire building is generated in the basic type by a pentagon as a crosssection. It consists of three curved structures of different sizes, two articulated structures and a capping section.

Optimize Structure

Module 2

Force

Module 1

-180

-220

Module 3

Height(m) Total: 300 -50

-80

-110

Form

Aggregation Force

Optimize Structure -140

-140

Form Module 4

Willis Towers Watson

-60

Force

-100

Module 2

-295

-100

-75

Force

Height(m) Total: 380 -20

Module 4

Module 2

-170

-200

Module 3

Form -230

-260

-175 Module 4

Form Module 4

Module 6

-260

-300

-200 Module 5

Module 5

-340

-225

Module 5

-290

Module 6

17

Building unit generation The Lloyd's of London

Height(m) Total: 370 -50

Building group generation Part

-90

The complex is divided into 3 parts: Spire, the turning point of the building's boundary; Body, the main space of the building; Boundary, section connecting the building to the soil or passages.

Spire

Border

Obtuse outside corner

90° outside corner

Accuse outside corner

90° inside corner

Obtuse inside corner

Force diagram

Body

Spire Structural

Partial

Abtraction

Split

The structure of the Lloyd's building The process of partialisation also The Lloyd's Building was the only During the split, most of the cuts were differs from other buildings in that it is involves separating the 4 surrounding building that was not flipped during the made at the articulation between the more like a patchwork of individual units, traffic cones and splitting the main body abstraction process, continuing the parts due to the relative complexity of the featuring a central atrium that runs from to surround the atrium in the middle. atrium to the ground floor to allow more structure of Lloyd's Building. Main aim top to bottom, allowing light to enter it. light into the basement part. was to maintain the flow of the moulding.

Force

Module 1

Form

Aggregation

-130

Form diagram

Optimize Structure

-170

Module 2 -210

-250 Module 3

-290

Module 4

Mainly located at the bend of the building, it reflects the characteristics of traditional architecture in the form of a minaret, and can be connected with the surface to pass light and ventilation.

Border

Form diagram(Top)

There are two types of borders, one is a normal border, and the other is an border near the bend, which will undergo certain structural changes in order to connect with the spire.

Normal

-240

Optimize Structure

Pit

Different from the building, the pit is an inward looking structure, mainly composed of circular walls around and a pit roof at the bottom.

Wall

Force diagram

Form diagram

Roof

Force diagram

There are mainly vertical structural changes, and more oblique structures at the top, forming a dome-like space.

Form diagram

Bend

Assembly

Square

Force diagram

Form diagram

Section

The tip of the tower, which is used to connect the outer wall of the block and the transition, will be structurally altered on the basis of the common block in order to make a better connection due to the difference in structure between the tip of the tower and the outer wall.

Top

90° outside

90° outside

Body

90° outside

90° outside

135° inside

Rectangle

Force diagram

90° outside

90° outside

Form diagram

Section

135° outside

Optimize Structure The body is the spatial structure within the building group, which is relatively simple, all square blocks, while the top will form a dome-like roof structure together with the boundary.

Core barrel

18

Combination

The cores are the transport systems of the complex, which are located above the central block and are created from the original dome structure.

According to the shape of the required building group, a certain number of blocks with special angles are spliced and combined according to the demand, and the structure is changed and connected with each other.

Aerial view

Street view 01

Street view 02

Section

Body

Border 01

Border 02

Tunnel

19

Electrochromic glass

Idea generation

Annual working hours per worker

As can be clearly seen from the graph, Annual working hours per worker in Western countries have dwindled since 1950, while working hours in Singapore, China, India and South Korea are still high today. Taking 365 days a year as an example, removing 8 hours of sleep and 2 hours of eating a day leaves 5,110 hours, while the average annual work time is more than 2,000 hours. Workers in Eastern countries spend about half of the year at work and are extremely busy.

Principle

*Average working hours per worker over an entire year.

Estimating cover total hours worked in the economy as measure primarily from National Accounts data.

2,500

2,000

1,500

Mood-Colour-Vision Corridor design Changing coloured horizons for emotional adjustment

Got kids

Normally

Get up Chore

6:00

Wake kids

6:30

Make breakfast Have breakfast

Busy day

7:00

Set out

Get up Make breakfast

7:30

Arrive at school

Arrive at the office early 1-2hours

Have breakfast

8:00

Start working

Set out

8:30

Arrive at the office

9:00

Arrive at the office Start working Meeting

10:00 11:00 11:30

*Cite from 'Our world in Data'

12:00

Afternoon nap 12:30

13:00 Work period

Start working Meeting

Maybe need to leave 30min early to take kids

Go off duty normally

14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00

Commute Go off duty

May need working till 12:00

Start working

Have a light supper

18:30

Keep working

19:00 Get home Make dinner

19:30

Continue to work Reading Part-time job

20:30

Assisting kids with their homework

Coax kids to sleep

21:00 22:00

Continue to work

22:30

After

23:00 Fall asleep

23:30

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1810) Penning his Theory of Colors, symbolizing the emergence of a theory of color and psychological function (linked color categories to emotional reponding).

Kurt Goldstein (1942) Expanding on Goethe’s intuitions, positing that certain colors produce systematic physiological reactions manifest in emotional experience , cognitive orientation , and overt action.

Michael D. Robinson & Brian P. Meier(2005) Having posited a conceptual metaphor theory of color. People talk and think about abstract concepts in concrete terms grounded in perceptual experience to help them understand and navigate their social world.

Andrew J. Elliot & Markus Maier(2012) Having proposed color-in-context theory, which draws on social learning, as well as biology. Some responses to color stimuli are presumed to be solely due to the repeated pairing of color and particular concepts, messages, and experiences.

Ioannis Kareklas(2014) Color has three basic properties: hue, lightness, and chroma.

Variation in any or all of these properties could influence downstream affect, cognition, or behavior.

5 sense

Optical and thermal senses control the voltage propagation of generator and change the color of the electrochromic glass.

Color-changing principle

PV glass

3 layers of electrochomic glass superposition, colorchanging interval is: RedGreen, Orange-Blue and Yeloow-Purple, through parallel placement, superposition to form variety of colors.

PV glass is randomly distributed in the glass sandwich of the shell according to the illumination.

Dynamo Power source

The sun is converted into electrivity through the photovoltaic glass plate, which powers the electrochromic glass and causes it to change color.

Light pipe

We live our world through the five basic senses of taste, touch, sight, sound, and smell. Any type of receptor input has the ability to change our perceptions of our physical, intellectual, emotional, and social world.

Light-guide fibre

Sight Sight is the first sense we learn to understand. Colors, sizes, and everything else that we process visually has to do with our sight. Sight and emotion are connected. Sight can be idiosyncratic, as some people enjoy sunshine and color.

Taste People tend to associate metaphoric feelings of happiness with sweet foods, while sadness are associated with bitter foods. Moreover there's a link to taste and memory, as certain foods can impact mood based on past experiences.

Smell Past emotions and memories connected to a specific smell tend to take hold when that same smell is released in the environment. Smell may actually have a stronger impact on mood than taste.

Touch Touch is the way that we engage in a given environment. Our sense of touch relies on communication within our brain in regard to impulses and automatic body responses.

When the 5 senses are combined with the structure, I think sight is the most easily influenced. Therefore, I have an idea - whether a device that changes the color of the environment can allow pedestrians to adjust their emotions during the walking process.

Gentle

Cheer Jubilate

Relax

Calm

anger

passion love

energy

attention

happiness

warmth

Glass partition in-between

It is composed of 2 layers of electrochromic glass (presenting different hue), and 2 ;ayers of electrochromic glass are respectively affixed with a sunscreen film to reduce the passage of heterochromatic light.

bright

motivating

Go off duty after 21:00 or even stay up late

Placate

Emotional

It is not only the hue that affects the mood, but also the saturation and brightness of the color are closely related to the emotion.

enthusiasm

Have dinner

20:00

Have dinner

Theoretical and empirical processes

Saturation

Make dinner

Opto & Thermal sensor

Brightness

Get home Chore

Material application & effect

Hearing is the sense that we prioritize communication, mostly because our human ears are always on high alert. We can see how sound affects mood most directly through music.

Have lunch

Arrived at nursery

20

2017

Hearing

Lunch breaks Rest period

Fall asleep

2010

Electrochromic glass

Therefore, I want to design a mood adjustment installation for the core financial district similar to the China World Trade Center. Due to the huge workload during the day, it is impossible for people to stop, meditate and calm down. However, colour psychology is a good bridge to connect buildings and people’s mood, because vision is more straightforward than smell and hearing. So, I wanted to help people adjust their mood more quickly by changing the colour of their surroundings altogether.

2000

Color psychology

Work period

Because of working pressure and fast pace of life, people walking on the road are always too busy to reach the destination so that they often bring negative moods.

While people know that their mood is a major factor in their productivity, physical and mental health, they don’t have enough time to adjust.

1990

Daily task

With the development of era, people’s pace of life is getting faster and faster.

Although people have much more money than before, people’s mood is becoming worse and worse.

As the CBD of Beijing, the China World Trade Center (CWTC) is a microcosm of the huge city. Office workers gathered here during the day, and night will be sparsely populated in this region.

1980

Work period

Location: Beijing, China Type: Individual Work Time: 2022 Spring Semester Adviser: Yuan Tian

1970

Commute

[ Colourful Glasses ]

1960

Work period

05

*Cite from Rice University

1,000 1950

nature calming

safety

stability

sadness

imagination

mystery

Light emanating from tude

Electrochromic glass sheet is placed at the light outlet of the light guide tube to change the light color, and then a layer of ground glass plate is prevented at 100mm away from the light outlet of the light guide tube, so that the light scattering is uniform.

SITE ANALYSIS

Area C

Area A

Area B CWTC CBD

As the CBD of Beijing, CWTC is surrounded by skyscrapers. Moreover, it is located at the intersection of Subway Line 1 and Line 10(The two most frequented subway lines).Moreover, due to the existence of multiple subway intersections and Guomao Bridge, the routes of vehicles and pedestrians are complicated During the day, the population density of this area is concentrated, and people from various industries gather here, and the pace of life is extremely fast.

Beneath the surface, the psychology of those who work and live here has long been overwhelmed.

Location

China

Urban thermal map

A Zhongguancun B Wangjing C CWTC

B A

Area Thermal Map

Analysis of human flow

Relationships A

C

6

8

Beijing

0:00-6:00 B A

8:00

12:00

1

Monday to Friday

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

15

2

A Being Built

C

C

Hotel & Apartment

20

B

D

Subway entrance

Bus station

The bar chart shows that the difference between day and night traffic at the nine testing sites on weekdays is relatively small, while on weekends. 1234's will be far more crowded at night than during the day. In addition, whether on a weekday or on a day off, the entire China World Trade Centre has a surge in foot traffic from 3:00 p.m., which is the most intensive phase of foot traffic.

9

5

Office area

Mall

Statistics B Being Built

4

Dining

C

10

D

Being Built 5 Being Built

7

1

0

3

20

8:00-10:00 Saturday & Friday

12:00-14:00

15:00-17:00

12:00-14:00

15:00-17:00

15

As one of the economic centers of China, Beijing has a large number of office workers, and the pace of life is extremely fast, so I choose Beijing as the location of the structure.

By comparing the day and night thermal map of the whole Beijing, I chose Zhongguancun, Wangjing and CWTC for comparison. It will be found that CWTC is the most widely reflected area of daytime thermal map among the three-as the specific location of my installation.

16:00

20:00

Radius: range of influence

23:00

It is concluded from the thermal map that due to the office area, the daytime and nighttime pedestrian flow varies considerably throughout the area. And the daytime flow of people is mainly concentrated near the streets and intersections. In other words, there are a lot of office employees or tourists frequently travelling to different places in the area.

Using the results from the thermal map, I chose 9 points within the CWTC to measure the real-time pedestrian flow data. And analysis the relation between different blocks.

Strength of influence

A, as the block closest to the CWTC bridge, it has the strongest connection with the other 3 sides of the bridge. In contrast, B and C are both weakly connected to the opposite side due to the division of the artery, and D is more evenly connected to the surrounding blocks due to the absence of the artery.

10 5 0

Being Built

8:00-10:00

21

Wool algorithm

District analysis

With different road number requirements, the pre-selected paths are derived by wool algorithms, and the integration of all scenarios is modified to be more relevant to the practical situation and the actual flow of people. More relevant to the practical roads.

Area A

Original

Area B

Zone A is located on the north-west side of the Guomao Bridge, adjacent to Exits A, B, E1 and E2 of the Metro Line 10 and Line 1 Interchange. It extends from the China World Trade Centre in the south to the New China World Trade Centre Hotel in the north. There are many office buildings and shopping malls, and the pedestrian flow is high (especially in the morning and evening rush hours). The neighbourhood has a high number of motorways and staggered pavements.

Modified

Sparse

SITE&IMPACT

CHINA WORLD TRADE CENTER TOWER 3 THE CHINA WORLD TRADE CENTER CHINA WORLD HOTEL, BEIJING INT'I. TRADE WEST WING OFFICE

5L HOTEL

4

Dense

Area B is located on the south-west side of the Guomao Bridge, adjacent to Exits D and C of the Metro Line 10 and Line 1 interchange. The area is divided into two main blocks, Beijing Yintai Centre and Jianwai SOHO. Yintai Centre entrances are mainly located on the north side of the block, while Jianwai SOHO is a scattering of office buildings with scattered pedestrian flows, mixed with motorised and non-motorised roads.

1 Hotel&Flat Office Area Mall Sphere of influence

3 CHINA WORLD MALL 3

Parking Lot Supermarket Corridor location

Area C

RELATION

2 Denser

CHINA WORLD MALL CHINA INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTER

Streamline District Hotel&Flat Parking Lot Subway Station Mall Office Area

Extremely dense

Zone A-1

Thermal

Functions

Zone A-3

Location

Direction of influence

Area C is located on the north-east side of the Guomao Bridge, adjacent to Exit B and Exit C of Metro Line 10. The area is divided into 2 main blocks, the CCTV and the new office area. The road system of the northern side is relatively simple, as the CCTV office area is closed. On the other hand, the office area on the southern side is more scattered, with more paths, accessible by both motor vehicles and footpaths. There are mainly office-based without recreational functions, requiring frequent trips to Area A for meals.

Shopping

Thermal

Catering

Supermarket

Office

Functions

Final position Due to the existence of ITC South, a large number of vehicles enter the mall and cross the pedestrian flow. The pedestrian flow is mainly concentrated in the south side of ITC South and extends to the west. The south-west corner of ITC South is the gathering point of functions, which are more diverse and complex.

Zone A-2

22

Corridor

Tunnel

Thermal

Functions

Due to the existence of the Guomao Bridge, the flow of people is mainly concentrated in the north and south corners of the west side of the bridge, and the composite function is also concentrated in these two places, so it is very crucial to connect these two places. A large number of vehicles pass from east to west, and the road is wide, so the underpass is a better choice.

Pedestrian flows are relatively sparse through the junction, travelling mainly to the restaurants on the north side and to a lesser extent to the southern part of the ITC mall, but due to the presence of a large number of built-in lanes, the pedestrian routes are more dispersed and cannot be made continuous, and need to be effectively traversed through the bridge.

Zone A-4

Thermal

Functions

As the main intersection of the current CWTC and the eastern office area, the pedestrian flow is mainly concentrated in the south-west corner of the intersection, the west side of the function is more complex; east, single. Due to the Guomao Bridge, the road surface is wide, the north-south traffic flow is large, need to be connected to the underpass.

Structure diagram Artery

Structural details

Parallel

Structure generation 1 Keel

2 Support rode

Exploded view

The X keel is first built and then the Y is attached to it.

Select the Mero node to connect curtain to body to optimise the shape later.

3 Curtain

4 Curtain bending

Glass & I-beam

Rendering

Glass & Deck Parallel

Front

Artery

Inner glass

Section

Side

Top

At the top, the inner electrochromic glass is all u-shaped, with an external structure on the left and right sides to connect it to the I-beam.

Connecting structure

The glass curtain wall To avoid obstructing The outer 2 panes of i s em bedded i n the the view, the outer 2 glass will be secured ground where it meets p a n e s o f g l a s s a r e to a special I-beam the bridge deck and is joined to the floor on a structure; the inner, reinforced by a metal lower plane; the inner, o v e r h a n g i n g a t t h e casing. same level. sides.

Front The curtain are divided into 2 parts, top and sides.

The inner glass is overhanging due to its distance from the I-beam, curved at the top and hinged to the top I-beam by an external metal structure.

Optimise the ceiling shape according to the rhythm.

Solar panel Solar panels are installed according to the area and location of the sun's rays, storing electrical energy for the colour change of the electrochromic glass and for illumination at night.

Branch Parallel

Structural difference

Latitudinal keel

Exploded view Longitudinal keel

Support rod

Parallel

Slide & Partition(Top)

Fixation Depending on the structure of the artery, built the latitudinal keel firstly. The joint keel between the artery and braches is bent and combined with a side-only keel to allow smoother joint Different of the latitudinal keels Same on both sides.

Longitudinal keels can be joined normally, except the keels located at the joint of the 2 branches will be joined to each other and a separate extension structure of artery's longitude keel Different will be added at the Same top of the joint.

Due to the number and shape of the glass frames changed obviously at the joint between the artery and the branches, not all of the support rods in this area will be joined by Mero nodes Different for the combination.

Same

Tunnel

Central

Front

Outer skin

Solar panel

Layers

Rod & Keel

Adopting Mero nodes to satisfy the diversity of angular requirements after curvilisation of the glass curtain.

However, due to some differences in the structure of frame and keel, the fixed structure is divided into 2 types.

Rod Mero node

Whether connected to the keel or to the glass curtain wall, the structure of the spheres of the Mero nodes is the same and is fixed by external structures.

Top

Section Although the solar panels are generated in two sizes, they are assembled and mounted in the smallest subunits.

The frame is hollow in the Due to the built-in solar centre to allow panels, the glass façade is w i r e s t o p a s s made up of two layers of t h r o u g h a n d glass with a layer of solar connect to the panels in the middle. solar panel.

Rod & Frame

Due to proximity to the CBD, it is necessary to slide the partition glass in the middle of the artery slowly in response to the changing direction and volume of pedestrian at different times.

Top & Bottom Slide & Partition(Bottom)

As the keels cross in the X and 2 sets of fixtures, in the same Y directions and are of different form, except that the angle widths, the X fixing is larger and needs to be adjusted due to assists the Y fixing. the rhombic frame.

X-direction Y-direction

The fundamental angles of the support rods are different due to the different distances separating them in the xy direction, and the four cavities in the sphere of the Merlot node are mirrorsymmetric rather than centre-symmetric

Each partition glass needs two units at the To ensure smoothness and top to meet the keel, and accessibility, a groove was cut three slides at the bottom into the pavement and a ground to increase its stability slide was placed in it. during movement.

the formation of underground branches, a total of eight columns, Merged entrance unidirectional for four columns, and each direction is divided into two The entrances of nearby metro groups of staggered placement, a single column of light pipes at the light stations will be borrowed without hole interval of about 4 metres. affecting the pedestrian flow routes of the Optical fiber The fibre optic will introduce original metro light through a ground-level stations. vent, but the vent is level with the ground and can be stepped on by people on the street to affect the brightness of the fibre optic, and is reflected in the light and dark variations of the fibre optic, creating a flowing effect.

Electrochromic glass Separated entrance

A part of the road is too wide for a bridge to be built, and an underpass is chosen, which is illuminated by light tubes at the top and fibre optics at the sides, with a uniform glass partition in the middle, and connects the installation to the underground.

There are three layers of electrochromic glass in the calibre of the light-guide outlet to change the colour of the light, and there is a layer of frosted glass on the top of the channel underneath all the light-guide outlets, which also makes the light softer and more uniformly illuminates the whole channel.

Tunnel

Tunnel entrance Light holes in the ground will lead the light into the ground, and

Exploded view

Separate entrances are provided where there is no metro station in the vicinity or where a direct connection to a metro station is not suitable.

Tubular daylighting system

PV glass

Frost glass

Branch

3 layers of electrochromic glass between the fibre optic wall and the channel, to change the colour of the light entering the channel.

Depending on the original alignment and height of the metro station, there will be two forms of connection, either by borrowing part of the metro station's access system (lifts or escalators) down to the exact same height and then separating it, or simply by using the metro station's original access system from above ground to below ground.

For the sake of continuity, there is a glass structure above the entrances to the underpasses, which is also composed of a diamondshaped base, and most of the entrances are accessible by both escalators and staircases, while individual entrances are also equipped with lifts.

23

General Layout Plan 1

Rendering

Parallel

View A

Entrance G Entrance E

Entrance H 4

4

Entrance F

View B

Entrance C 3

3

Bus Station

View B

Entrance D Entrance A 2

2

Subway entrance E2

Elevator Subway entrance B Entrance B Subway entrance E1 View A Bus Station

25

50

150

Concealed entrance

1

Section

2-2

24

1-1

3-3

2-2

3-3

4-4

4-4

Hutong circle of friends Innovative Community Governance Models under Hutong Public Space Renewal Current status of the district

Dashilar itself is a site with a long history, and its commercial prosperity has continued to this day, which has also given rise to some special culture. However, there are problems with the internal living here, and some courtyard renewal has gradually begun under the organisation of the Design Week, but his public activity space is more relevant to the residents' lives, and in fact needs to be renewed at the same time.

Sanjing community China

Sanjing neighbourhood is a more living area in Dazhalan street, not so close to the commercial street, closer to the original life of the hutongs, and there are some problems of lack of public activity space, and many residents' self-governance activities have already been carried out in the community management.

Xicheng D. Beijing

Crowd structure & opinion statistics

Composition 15%

Lack of open space

Lack of kids' Complicated spaces neighbourhood relationship

10%

75%

Lack of Convenience

02 Chess Friends

I saw the Hutong Story Corner, which introduces the history of Dajiejie, and you can also learn about the surrounding attractions through the app. We also met some resident volunteers who took us around the hutongs. This trip gave us a new understanding of hutong life.

Cultural heritage Environmental & individual needs hygiene problems

Local residents

03 Hutong Living Room

My partner enjoys playing chess with friends here while I sit and relax waiting for him, chatting with passing neighbours in the meantime, and there's enough space to look after my grandkids and no more standing in the street chatting.

Using the Hutong living room to increase interaction between residents, enhance participation in community management, increase the sense of well-being while also addressing the phenomenon of the accumulation of debris in the hutongs, haphazard parking, and the occupation of space.

Residents Visitors Community Managers

Residents 11% 7%

Foreign tenants

82% 0-14

15-64

65-

Household

Community Managers

42% 58%

Historical revolution

Traffic space & car parking problems

01 Hutong Story Corner

Local

Visitors 10%

Exotic

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Crowd activity analysis

Beijing Central Axis

In the future, after the implementation of the Beijing Central Axis Road "retreat", the reserved space will be laid out in a variety of various "museums, memorials, cultural centres, art galleries, libraries".

The future of the East is China's "cultural road" and "Xicheng Central Axis, the road of tourism", is to visit the tourist, so that the whole country to experience the renaissance of Chinese culture!

Complex Demographic Composition

Selected the Sanjing Community Centre where residents' activities are intensive, using the lost space of the hutongs, selecting five nodes for the placement of public facilities to provide residents with a space to participate in community management activities and exchange of space, to increase the residents' right to speak in the community public space, and to enhance the sense of well-being.

07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 7 6 5 3

Dashilar is a combination of a busy commercial area and Beijing's old hutongs, with a complex population. It is roughly divided into two groups, namely the residential group and the activity group. The residential crowd includes native aborigines, foreign tenants and their descendants; the active crowd includes foreign tourists, local tourists for shopping and leisure, folk artists and cultural scholars who promote traditional culture.

Actor Network Theory Present problems Define problems Identity problems Rule Building

Yaowu Hutong Beihuoshan Hutong

8

Shopping & walking

Sitting & chatting

Sightseeing 4

Problems

Passing by

6

The red curved design attracts visitors to continue exploring into the hutongs, with signposts set in the corners to guide the way.

6

Some old residents in the hutongs sit on the street side, very warmly greeting and chatting with tourists, very harmonious and comfortable, as long as there is a place where they can talk about everything.

Dashilar App

Benefits

Actions distribution Strategy building

Recruitment Cha'er Hutong

Mobilisation

7 Drying clothes & quilts

Leisure & Chatting

Playing Chess

5

3

The simple meaning is that different groups of people and factors play their own roles in community governance community managers, residents of hutongs and various hutong renewal policies are all actors in the actor network.

The simple meaning is that different people and factors play their own roles in community governance community managers, hutong residents and various hutong renewal policies are all actors in the actor network. The main body of actors in the process of community governance is constantly changing, everyone will be the master of community governance, and ultimately obtain a stable and harmonious community governance network.

Recommended Attractions: Introduces attractions around Dashilar to provide visitors with more choices for their journey.

Tiaosu Hutong Nanhuoshan Hutong

8 Loafing

9

Planting flowers

Push-Pull Parking Spot The long stick under the bench can be pushed and pulled as a bike parking spot when needed.

Seat racks installed around the chess table provide interaction and resting space, with drawers installed underneath the seats for storage of sundries and bicycle docking points.

Should've played here.

Organising markets in hutongs, o ff e r i n g p r a c t i c a l p l a c e s t o students and inviting residents to activities to enhance the sense of well-being.

I'm gonna chessing.

Watch chess without speaking.

I n t h e h u t o n g s , c o m m u n i t y Planting racks are set up to bazaars are held to provide p r o v i d e a d i s p l a y a r e a f o r students with a place for social residents to plant freely. Each p r a c t i c e , a n d r e s i d e n t s a r e household can reserve a planting invited to participate in organising rack from the community to plant activities to enhance their sense and showcase the lives of the of well-being. residents.

Well, I'll rest on the bench.

3

Beijing Central Axis

Rich history & culture

Tan'er Hutong Qudeng Hutong

Dropping kids off

Buy groceries

5

Chatting

Picking kids up

Funny to watch Grandpa play chess.

Sundry Drawers As a community manager for tree pool tool storage and temporary placement of things by residents.

So tired!

Park here， take a break.

Renovation of tree pools, green spaces and paving, improvement of the rainwater collection system and reuse of rainwater through water purification to create an eco-sustainable hutong life.

The flowers need watering.

Playing

Seats combined with the original grapevine, wellcared plants add green to the hutongs and become a common topic among residents.

Site

Road

Texture

Planting racks with hooks to hang residents' plants.

Spontaneous behaviour

Lack of public space

Vacate & demolish orderly progress

Residents' self-governance

Educational

Attractions

Grocery

Reformatory

Street shop

Design strategy

Contradiction

Theory

Stage

Top-down planning

External factors

Group needs & Community governance

Actors' interest claims

Problem presentation

Bottom-Up Renewal

Internal status

Basic needs of residents' life

Profit claims convert into power

Role intervention

Utilisation value of grey space

Create integrated state of profit

Network maintenance

Although the need to pay attention to the needs of different groups is often mentioned, in reality, community residents do not play a strong role in the process of community governance, for example, some public areas in hutongs designed and planned by the government are not used by the residents in reality. Even though public opinion surveys were conducted at the beginning of the planning process, traditional "top-down" and "elitist" thinking unconsciously dominated the planning process when faced with the complexities of governance in older neighbourhoods.

Actor Network Theory

Friendship Correspondence A

Local Residents A B

Exotic tenants

B A

E Hutong circle of friends

D

C

C D

Community Managers

Needs of Hutong Residents

Socialising

Leisure

WeChat Friend Circle

B

F

Green environment Kids friendly

Offline

Based on the central characteristics presented by the interpersonal interaction in the circle of friends and the structural form of the interaction, the process mode of interpersonal interaction in the circle of friends is classified into several types, such as two-bytwo interaction mode, single-centre shaped mode, and multi-centre mesh mode.

Online Interaction Status

Recreation

Weak correlation

The long and narrow space leads to rows and rows of rides, and a race track is set up to connect each of the rides, so that multiple children can start competing games here, which increases the fun and enriches their after-school life.

Success

Success Combined with the curved corridor above, a suspension bridge is set up to develop children's balance and better co-ordination.

Wall Flip Flop extracts the shape of Beijing sugar gourd and sets up a string of reversible discs. Children can play together and improve co-operation and communication with each other.

Rendering 01

Rendering 02

Rendering 03

Rendering 04

Wall Race

Status of Community Governance

Residential

Status

Residents are the masters of the circle of friends, different residents can create their own circle of friends in the public space of Hutong. Through a functional space led by residents' autonomy, the communication between neighbours is deepened.

Strolling Elderly friendly Mimic the triangular shape of the roof of a courtyard house and make a fence ladder to exercise children's courage. A round handrail fixed on the wall is provided to assist children to climb on the ladder.

Issues

Lack of Public Space Discourse public space

Strong correlation

The walled playground offers so many rides, my friends have a place to go after school and have made so many good friends outside of their classes.

It felt like a much happier life in the hoosegow!

Thermal

Green

Public space

05 Walled Paradise

Internal status

Working together never tired me out.

There are many foreign tourists visiting the patronage, the establishment of Hutong M a k e t h e m o s t information board will help o f u n u s e d t o u r i s t s t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e corner space by history and culture of the Hutong combining seating in detail, to introduce them to a n d s h e l v i n g the surrounding attractions. Let t o r e c y c l e a n d tourists understand more about dispose of clutter hutong life. piled nearby.

Sanjing Community, Dajiejie Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, selected the Sanjing Community Centre, where residents' activities are intensive, to make use of the lost space of the hutongs, and chose five nodes for the placement of public facilities. It provides residents with an area to participate in community management, activities and exchanges.

Private occupation of public Narrow streets with little space Getting residents to take the lead As the policy proceeds in an space, but in a way that public to meet residents daily activity in taking care of the environment orderly manner, more public space is shared. needs. space is left for the hutongs. around them.

Yeah, I'm here to help!

After participating in community management, residents and friends like to come to my shop to buy food, which has helped me gradually integrate into the harmonious life in the hutongs.

Site selected Functional

Oh! you're here.

Unc, let me, let me!

04 Sundry Garden

Cycling

4

Traditional ‘top-down’ and ‘elitist’ T h e D a s h i l a r p o p u l a t i o n i s Beijing's Central Axis is being Dazhalan is the longest-running u n c o n s c i o u s d o m i n a t i o n o f divided into 2 parts-residential "retreated" to create China's traditional marketplace cultural community planning. population and active population. cultural and tourism road. district in Beijing's old city.

Complex demographics

The upper arc connects the two sides, enriches the first façade, gives visual guidance, and stimulates the vitality of hutong life through the inclusion of functional facilities.

Travelling: Provides travel guides for visitors to learn more about hutong life.

Loafing

The narrow space against the wall is used as parking area and seating to cater for daily life in Visitors scan the QR code on the bulletin board to access the app. the hutong.

External factors Community governance

Search: Search for keywords to get travel sharing articles, tourist attractions, and nearby food information.

Several chess tables are set up to provide a place for residents to relax and play, where chessplaying residents chat and play, becoming familiar friends and meeting social needs.

Homepage: Shows the latest news and policies of the Dashilar Street, and also to book community activities.

Benefits distribution

Guarantee Mechanism Establishment

The bulletin board features flipup panels, one for community outreach and the other as an introduction to hutong storytelling for visitors to get a first glimpse of hutong culture.

The design of the nodes meets the basic living and psychological needs of the residents at the same time. The weak connection between residents is also reflected in the form of facilities from the form of community vitality, even if there is no frequent use of residents, the red arc in the air connection also visually give people the hutong neighbourhoods are connected to each other, tightly entwined feeling.

Rendering 05

Design concept

Residents are the masters of the circle of friends, different residents can create their own circle of friends in the public space of the hutong, and deepen the communication between neighbours through a functional space led by the residents' autonomy. In this way, the residents become the main force in the management of the hutongs and use the negative space to enhance the relationship between the neighbours and at the same time, enhance the harmony of the community management.

Chess Friends Hutong Story Corner

01

Walled Paradise

People Interview

Five residents are selected as representatives to describe the details and specific operation of the five different circles of friends in the design of the specific programme from the perspective of five different groups of people, which vividly and intuitively demonstrates the changes brought about by this new model to the internal lifestyle of the hutongs.

Residents-eldly

Guest

Grocery owner

Residents-kid

Security guard

02 03

Sundry Garden

Hutong Living Room

04 Alas! All the space in the hutongs is taken up by clutter, and there's no place to stand if you want to chat for a while.

I came to the hutongs to take a stroll, but I feel like I'm just going through the motions, I don't get much out of it!

I've been living in the hutongs for a few years now, but I still don't feel like I'm fully integrated here.

There's no place to play after school except home, and it's dangerous to see friends running on the road.

The public facilities in the neighbourhood are worn out, and it's hard to manage the debris and vehicles.

05 25

The Zipper Project Renovation and Renewal of the Western Fence Space of the Material Compound

Node analysis

With the change in the form of settlements in China, the popularity of unit compound-style settlements has led to the emergence of closed neighbourhoods separated by walls. This has resulted in the severance of the community from the city and the creation of walled spaces. However, with the development of the times, the community is bound to develop towards a more open form. The walled space has gradually become a lost space in the city due to the spontaneity of its use.

In accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Cities and Communities (SCC) goals and in order to create a safer, more colourful, more inclusive and healthier community, the design solution makes use of the walled space and the unused green space in the site, which are the lost spaces in the city. A walled corridor is created. Like a zip, it connects the neighbourhood to the city. To stimulate community vitality and create a sustainable, green and healthy community life. Attempt to provide a direction for the transformation of similar gated communities, making full use of the buffer zone between the settlement boundary and the city, and promoting the concept of sustainable cities and communities.

Primitive tribe Period

Leisure corridors

Display

In the face of the normalisation of epidemics, the installation of epidemic prevention plazas improves the community's ability to withstand epidemics and disasters. The daily and closed-control status of the plazas meets the needs of different periods of time when epidemics are normalised. We will build a sustainable and open community that is safer and more resilient to risk.

General layout plan

Ming & Qing dynasties

When people have begun to have a sense of defence and protection, gradually began to use natural walls or ditches and other forms to prevent wild animals from attacking, to protect the safety of the residence, this is the earliest form of enclosure.

Top

Community safety & security

The existence of the wall also reflected a closed-door policy, which caused China to suffer a lot in its subsequent development.

Face Recognition ID recognition Health Code scanning

Integrated Peace-Epidemic

1 After the gradual formation of cities, the rulers began to build walls to protect the rule of the city, against foreign invasion. More importantly, enclosure walls also began to become a symbol of closed management and hierarchy, such as the distinction between the imperial city, the inner city, and the outer city in the capital city at that time.

After the founding of new China

The sliding door is designed to open and close in two states, including nucleic acid detection and daily rest.

Seating

Reform and opening up till now

Boundary spaces are fenced, well protected and functional, and everyday behaviours are addressed in the courtyard.

Yuan-Ming-Qing C20th: 50s-60s

C20th: 50s-70s

Inner & Outer Interaction

Daily state

Openness

Enclosed state

Facility variability

Enclosed residential Commercial GF

Internal Activity Area

Private

China

Open community

Strategy 2

'Young-Old' Model Functional Historic Corridor Healing Garden Chatting Communication Fitness Community Activities

Intellectuals

Strategy 3

Kids

Traffic

Status quo

Piles of clutter Unused green space

Parking

Measures Eco-friendly Waste Utilisation Healing Landscape Rain Gardens

On the outside of the western fence is a street park where many people stay and rest.

On the inside of the enclosure is green space, but it is overall dilapidated and faded, and mostly unused.

Rendering 02

Crowd activity Walking

Sitting

Display

Playing

Bilateral layout

Waterproofing layer

Large areas of green space are unused and far from the fence.

Some children gathered in the square to ride bicycles, climb rocks and chase each other.

Most of the passers-by were old people and children. Some are in wheelchairs with disabilities.

Community Activation Measures Close

Open

7

Public

Top

Display

External market stalls

Community Sustainability

Internal market stalls

Open

Close

The community regularly holds bazaars, with partitions set up in the diagonal corridors to serve as bazaar stalls, and rotatable partitions set up in the corridors adjacent to the community, which open up to become sales windows during the bazaar. As a venue for community activities, it can link the inside and outside of the community, increase the vitality of the whole neighbourhood, enrich the lives of residents and create an open community.

There are tall trees next to the fence with plenty of weeds growing from them.

Plant Science

Looking after

Rendering 01

Rendering 02 01

9

Rendering 03

Rendering 04

12

Children-friendly

Rendering 03

12

5

Garden square

Walled parlour

Recreational Corridor

Community market

Immunisation plaza

Second-hand Exchange

Community Inside

Waste & Utilisation

Inside the neighbourhood, the vacant public areas between buildings are used to set up some internal residents' fitness facilities, planting areas and community activity areas. The walled area is like a zip, connecting the inside and outside, placing functional areas and setting up four entrances and exits, forming an open community and increasing community vitality.

The walled corridor functional area is divided into five parts, namely the walled corridor, community market, sitting-out corridor, walled parlour and garden plaza. The Epidemic Prevention Square can be used for epidemic prevention and control activities, the Community Bazaar is used as a venue for community activities, the Healing Gardens are set up in the Rest Corridor to provide a comfortable environment for the residents, the Walled Parlour is a place for the elderly to gather and rest and chat, and the Garden Square is an activity area for children, with a planting pond set up to allow children to play freely in the natural environment.

1 Epidemic square

11

2 Community market 3 Leisure Corridor 4 Fence parlour 5 Garden square 6 Handicraft studio 7 Community plantation 8 Fitness facilities 9 Rain garden 10 Healing garden

1

5

10

Community Linkage Volunteering

School

Rainwater collection systems

A variety of colourful vegetation has been selected to ensure yearround enjoyment and to achieve a healing landscape where residents can relax physically and mentally, creating a more comfortable, pleasant and healthy community life.

Delivery

Community

Linkage

Step 1 Rainwater collection

Co yer k la Bar layer er Filt yer d la San r ye la Soil Drainage pipe

bb les ton Pla e nti ng so il

Drainage pipe

Gra ve ld rain ag e la ye r

Concrete planting basin

Rain garden Rainwater is collected in rain gardens and stored for reuse. The unused Step 2 green space in the park Rainwater storage is transformed to achieve ecological sustainability.

Storage - planting

Percolated brick Sand bedding Gravel bedding Geotextile

Gravel drainage layer Waterproofing layer

Percolated brick

Step 3 Rainwater utilisation

Surrounded by 5 senses plants to create great natural environment Child friendly

The garden plaza is a recreational area for children, planted with different kinds of plants and flowers, so that children can learn the growth of different plants in nature. Playground facilities such as slides and autumn trunks are installed for children to play. The wall next to it is designed to be a resting seat for parents to watch over their children through different partitions. A removable wooden box is placed under the partitions so that children can move it around and use it as a resting seat.

Green

Elderly-friendly

Multi-chatting Area

Taste

Sight

Smell

Hearing

Touch

Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.

Michelia alba DC.

Aglaia odorata Lour

Myrica rubra

Camellia japonica L.

Punica granatum L.

Lagerstroemia indica L.

Zephyranthes candida

Cycas revoluta

Helianthus annuus

12

10

Office area

4 Ecological green

Reading-chatting area

Family

Garden square

3

Design generation

Sustainable community concept Usual-epidemic Engaging residents

Leisure corridors are interspersed with trees, and pathways are set around the park using permeable paving. The surrounding area is equipped with colourful flowers for a healing landscape where residents can relax and enjoy themselves.

The walled parlour adopts the method of distributing seats along both sides of the wall to ensure the shade effect of seats on both sides. A square table is set up as a chess playing area and a long table as a reading and talking area, Long benches are set up as a chatting area for many people to meet the various social and recreational needs of the elderly in a variety of forms.

Rendering 01

26

Drainage layer

Chess playing area

Traffic

The outer park is only 1garden path in the centre.

Geotextile gravel

Community markets mode Elderly friendly

Half-open

Parking

Residents would rest on the roadside seats and occasionally chat to passers-by in the middle of the road.

Gravel bedding

Waterproofing layer

Medical personnel set up epidemic prevention tents on the outside and conduct nucleic acid tests on residents on the inside.

Residents are free to come and go as they please.

Children's Play

The square is the most crowded place where many people gather to chat and look after their children.

Sand bedding

Gravel drainage layer

Chatting

There are old bicycle sheds occupying the public activity area next to the wall.

Outside state of fence

Top

12

Recreation

Walk dogs

Community markets

Functions

Parking

Permeable tiles

Soil layer

Top

Epidemic

The parlour is the main leisure place for the elderly. Tables and chairs are installed along both sides of the wall, where the elderly and their friends can gather to chat and play chess. A rain garden is set up in the green space near the wall on the inside to optimise the environment and improve the ecological nature of the original green space at the same time.

2

The neighbourhood is a unit compound type of settlement, with well planned internal roads and public spaces, and abundant greenery. The atmosphere of life is strong, but the whole is very old, many spaces are idle and wasteful, and there is a lack of public activity space. There are many dilapidated bicycle sheds, mostly located in the walled space.

Fence

Space node illustrate There are residents who plant here spontaneously.

Filter layer

Community Events

Inside state of fence

Xicheng D.

Flexible Space

Elderly

Grey space Elite Kids of courtyard

Beijing

Ecologic Cyclicaly

Characteristics Collective Sense

Bark layer

Dealing with clutter

Continuable

Residential

Display

6

Urban block Open Boundary

Planting

Green Jointly

9

Located within an urban neighbourhood without walls, it provides residential, commercial and recreational space.

The site was selected on the west side of the Material Compound neighbourhood fence, with a street-side park green space on the outside and public space in the neighbourhood on the inside.

Other entrances and exits are set up with smart gates, faceswiping to detect the status of residents' health treasures, facilitating residents' travelling, and face-swiping in and out on a daily basis to ensure security.

Permeable bricks

Community Markets

After C21st

Neighbourhood Units - 4 clusters of 500 households form a communal green space in the centre. Most neighbourhoods are enclosed and surrounded by walls.

Site analysis

Epidemic normalisation

C20th 90s-C21st

Residential district Fence mainly

Courtyard Fence Walls

Strategy 1 Enclosed Corridor Open Window

Settlements are variously planned and designed, with the 2 most representative types: modern closed settlements and urban neighbourhoods.

C20th: 70s-80s

The dwellings are arranged in a circular pattern around the street perimeter, with some facing directly onto the street and some having semi-enclosed fences outside.

Issues & strategies

Top

Evolve

Dwellings are arranged around the street, with dwellings facing directly to the street or with semienclosed enclosures.

Surrounding neighborhood Residence Frontage

Walled-in parlours

12

Rendering 04

Generate

Hutong neighborhood Exterior Wall

Sliding rails

The form of settlements, whether in the form of Settlements enclosed by walls are still the dominant form of neighbourhoods or unit compounds, is still a symbol of settlement, and although this form of settlement has brought about the walled era, and the status of the wall has not declined. many urban problems, its status has not yet been shaken, which can be seen from the deep-rooted status of the wall in China.

Links to settlement types & fence

Eco-green

Catchment Tree Pond

Sliding Door

Nucleic acid window

Western Zhou dynasties

Peace

Display

Purification

Historical changes

Epidemic square

11 Cultural garden 12 Residential building

This is a class assignment for Space Concept of Design, modelled on Chinese calligrapher Zhang Zhi's 'Champion Post', which reconstructs space through the strokes of abstract text. And it is cut, bent and assembled from two-millimetre thick cardboard.

Self-portrait

Plastics

Midditch

This is the final class assignment for Space Concept of Design. It is located in a circular plaza that allows access to the interior space through a spiral, with three entrances from the side rather than directly towards the centre, so that there is a buffer zone that meets the functional needs of providing a space for students to be alone and to meditate. Meanwhile, as it is located in a wooded area, the top of the building is cut in a wavy curve to show the rhythm of nature. The main materials used are plastic tubes, wire, wood and transparent and coloured plastic sheets.

Laxly

Rest

Self-portrait

Withered (Photography)

Snow persimmon (Photography)

This is a class assignment for Composite Materials Fabrication. I wanted to express the relationship between tobacco and health and the natural environment, so I chose to use tree bark and clay to create the feeling of a forest, but also to show the origin of the material of tobacco, and through the way of spraying paint to show that it is tobacco, not pure trees, and at the top is sprayed with a colour of red paint to show the harm of tobacco to the people.

Born to the sun

Passing Time (Photography)

27

Ro

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Immaculate

d Tra

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Me

de Or

ssy

ME

Contradictory

Fantasy

Ra

tio

ed

ard

tila

nw

ted

Va

Fansy

Mu

tm Ou

od

na

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