HOW TO....WITH PAPER

HOW TO.....WITH PAPER

2

All images in the various chapters are attributed to the author

3

....MAKE NEWSPAPER PULP.... ....MAKE PAPERCRETE STOOLS... ....MAKE PAPER PULP.... ....MAKE PAPER.... ....SHREDDED NEWSPAPER RESIN.... ....NOT MAKE NEWSPAPER WOOD....

4 6 40 54 62 72

....PROCESS....

This document explains the process I created and utilised to create innovative installation pieces out of Newspaper and White Paper.

The process used to create these pieces encourages you, the user to interact with paper in a way that you will not have previously experienced. Through the hands on making and manipulation with the material you will begin to understand it possibilities and limitations as a material, which will hopefully inspire you to create wonderful things. This process of working and creating using paper can be and should be applied to other materials, so you begin to understand how they work also and encourages an alternative interpretation of the materials through critical reflection.

4

5

....MAKE NEWSPAPER PULP....

All of the following processes require the raw

ingredient of newspaper pulp. To create it follow these instructions:

1. Newspaper is ripped up into small pieces and layered into a bucket.

2. Two kettles of boiling hot water are poured over the paper until fully submerged and then

left for three days for the newspaper’s cellulose fibres to break down.

6

7

....MAKE PAPERCRETE USING A PROCESS SPECIFICATION....

A step by step construction guide on

everything you need to consider to make your own version of the papercrete stools on the opposite page. To work out how much it will cost you see page 37: EQUIPMENT NEEDED: 1 bucket

Stucco mixer attachment for screw driver 1 mould

MATERIALS NEEDED:

1 bucket filled with newspaper pulp 1 kettle of boiled water

1 margarine tub of sand

2 margarine tub of cement

8

9

1. Soaked newspaper put into a black bin and more water added to ensure the newspaper is covered.

2.Stucco mixer attachment used to mix soaked

newspaper for 10 minutes or till an oatmeal consistency is achieved.

10

11

3. Squeeze the excess water out of the

newspaper pulp using two sieves that fit inside each other.

4. Add two parts of Portland cement to one part of sharp sand and mix using a stucco mixer.

12

13

5. Add two parts of newspaper pulp to the cement and sand mixture and mix using a stucco mixer.

6. When mixed thoroughly add 1 part water and mix again using the stucco mixer.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 two more times so the finished mixture contains 6 parts newspaper pulp, 3 parts water, 2 parts Portland cement and 1 part sharp sand.

14

15

8. Once thoroughly mixed take mixture out

and start to layer it into the mould (for orthographic drawings on how to make them see page 22). It is important to do this in layers to

ensure that each layer is pressed down well to reduce the amount of air gaps.

9. Leave in a well ventilated area where there is a constant temperature for 2-3 weeks.

After 2 weeks remove the mould to allow the

papercrete to be properly ventilated and to aid the drying out process. To be able to compare

your observations of the papercrete as it drys out with the observation of one of my samples as it dried see page 34.

16

17

....MAKE PAPERCRETE USING A PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION....

This specification differs from the process

specification as it states a performance criteria that the papercrete sample must fulfil. The mix I used for the process specification does actually

fulfil these performance criteria, which should give you some idea about how the element’s quantity in the mix influences its performance.

This is just another way of looking at how a material can be specified.

18

E 12 Papercrete 15

•

SPECIFICATION

Papercrete generally: To PC1

•

Exchange of Information: Provide papercrete producer with information required by PC1

25

BASIC DESIGNATED CONCRETE for seats

•

• •

Designation: Crit 1 shelving unit

Coarse recycled aggregates: not permitted only sharp sand to be used

Consistence class: To a damp lumpy porridge consistency no flowing

•

Additional requirements: Submit proposals

50

PREMATURE WATER LOSS

•

Requirement: Prevent water loss from papercrete formed in well sealed moulds

- All joints to be sealed with PVA glue to reduce seepage with tack’s to strengthen PVA joints

- Formers: 9mm thick plywood

against the weight of the wet papercrete

60

PLACING AND COMPACTING

•

Formers to receive papercrete: Clean, smooth and free from water which might damage the formers

•

Timing: Place as soon as practicable after mixing and while sufficiently plastic for full compaction to

•

Temperature limitations for concrete: 300C maximum and 50C minimum. Do not place in a boiler

•

Compaction: Fully compact to full depth to remove entrapped air especially in the corners of form

-Method of compaction: pressing down with fingers to ensure joints and corners are filled.

70

prematurely.

prevent air gaps.

room as intense continual heat will cause flaking of exposed surface.

work joints. Continue until you feel all the joints are filled and pushing down makes no difference.

CURING AND PROTECTING

•

Evaporation from surface of concrete: Prevent throughout curing period

curing period, cover surfaces immediately after striking.

- Surfaces to be covered by form work: Retain form work in position and, where necessary to satisfy

19

20

-Top surfaces: Cover immediately after placing and compacting. Replace cover immediately after

•

Curing periods:

surfaces (3-4 weeks)

any finishing operations.

-All surfaces if used as an installation piece which will not be exposed to the elements or wearing -Remove form work after 1 - 2 weeks when the papercrete feels solid upon touch and the surface

•

dry with no dampness

Protection: Protect papercrete from shock, indentation and physical damage by placing it in a suit able space before you cast into the form work as it won’t be able to be moved when wet

E20 FORM WORK FOR IN SITU CONCRETE 60

BOARD SUBSTRUCTURE FORM WORK

movement during papercrete placement. Seal joints to prevent penetration of papercrete.

• •

General: Lay tightly butted and fully supported on firm, even substrate. Restrain against

Plywood boards held together with tacks and PVA so easy to remove: Keep dry. Seal joints with PVA

70

FORM WORK

dimensions.

• •

• •

General: Accurately and robustly constructed to produce finished papercrete to the required Formed surfaces: Free from twist and bow with intersections, lines and angles square, plumb and true.

Joints between forms and completed work: Prevent loss of grout and formation of steps.

Holes and chases: Form with inserts or box out as required.

Standard PC1

PC1.1 Compression load = 2 average men of 65kg jumping up and down

PC1.2 Shock level = Can be dropped from the height of two stories (6m) and stay whole PC1.3 Waterproof = Withstand continual rain for 3 days PC1.4 Intended working life

21

...MAKE PAPERCRETE MDF FORMER’s...

To make the papercrete stools you need to

create some MDF moulds to contain the material while it drys. The orthographic drawings and

cutting lists on the following pages will aid you with the former creation to replicate the stools that I created. The MDF moulds are constructed

using butt joints and lots of PVA glue so that they will be easily removed when needed.

22

CUTTING LIST DIMENSION OF 6MM MDF

QUANTITY

350 mm x 500 mm

2

512mm x 362 mm

1

Box 1

362mm x 350mm

Box 2

2

100 mm x 350 mm

4

362 mm x 362 mm

2

100 mm x 362 mm

4

BOX 1

362mm

512mm

m

0m

35 PLAN

500mm

SIDE ELEVATION

100mm

362mm

END ELEVATION

350mm

350mm

350mm

23

1:10 500mm depth stool former orthographic drawings 500mm

24

362mm

m

0m

35

500mm

350mm

350mm

350mm

350mm 350mm

500mm

m

0m

35

362mm 500mm

BOX 2 100mm

350mm

100mm

100mm

362mm

362mm 362mm

PLAN

100mm SIDE ELEVATION

362mm END ELEVATION

(top) 1:10 Axonometric of 100mm stool and 500mm stool (bottom) 1:10 100mm depth stool former orthographic drawings

25

26

CUTTING LIST DIMENSION OF 6MM MDF

QUANTITY

362 mm x 462 mm

1

362 mm x 350 mm

2

Box 3

350 mm x 450 mm

Box 4

2

350 mm x 250 mm

2

362 mm x 362 mm

1

362 mm x 250 mm

2

BOX 3

362mm

462mm

PLAN

m

m 50

350mm

350mm

350mm

3

450mm SIDE ELEVATION

250mm

362mm END ELEVATION

1:10 450mm depth stool former orthographic drawings

27

28

362mm

m

0m

350mm

35

350mm

350mm

350mm

350mm

362mm

m

0m

35

450mm

362mm 450mm

250mm

350mm

450mm

362mm

362mm

29

362mm

PLAN

362mm

250mm

250mm SIDE ELEVATION

362mm END ELEVATION

(top) 1:10 Axonometric of 450mm stool and 250mm stool (bottom) 1:10 250mm depth stool former orthographic drawings

...TO UNDERSTAND PAPERCRETE PROPERTIES...

The recipe shown in the guide is just one

option, with the properties that I found from my sample of the same mix recorded under

Mix 14 observation’s. This table has been used to record the possibilities and limitations that

I have experienced from making papercrete

samples over a period of nearly a year. This table will hopefully give you an idea about

what manipulations could be done with the papercrete mixes to get samples with different

properties. It also includes my critical reflections on each property discovered as it was through

these reflections that I was able to further the sample materials.

30

Mix 1:

29/03/2012

CONDITIONS

Dried outside 8cm deep

POSSIBILITIES

REFLECTIONS

Lighter than concrete

Replacement of cement/aggregate with newspaper

Not a liquid material

Mixture will not leak out of mould

Takes shape of a mould Colour can be added

70% recycled raw material used Can be spray painted

Easily pushed into place Use of concrete dye

Reduces use of cement/aggregate so is cheaper/sustainable Allows colour to take on the surface

Mix 2:

Dried inside a hot boiler room Lighter than original mix 2cm deep

Dried out in 21 days

Mix 3:

Dried in a sunlit room

Dried in 18 days

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer

Mix 4:

Dried in a sunlit room

Dried in 20 days

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer

Dried in a sunlit room

Dried in 20 days

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer

03/05/2012

27/06/2012 27/06/2012 Mix 5:

27/06/2012 Mix 6:

27/06/2012 Mix 7:

08/08.2012 Mix 8:

05/09/2012

Mix 9:

05/09/2012

Mix 10:

24/10/2012

Mix 11:

24/10/2012

3cm deep

3cm deep

3cm deep

Lighter in colour

24/10/2012

Mix 13:

24/10/2012

Mix 14:

14/11/2012

Less water used and thinner depth of material

Less cement used in the mix

Dried in a sunlit room

Particles a lot smaller and cohesive

Enough water used to pulp paper

Dried in a sunlit room

Dried in 20 days

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer

Dried in a sunlit room

Very lightweight

Excess water used

3cm deep

3cm deep

3cm deep

Dried in a sunlit room 3cm deep

Dried on a window cill 10 cm x 10 cm cube

Dried on a window cill 10 cm x 10 cm cube

Lighter in colour

Particles more cohesive

Looks like a solid brick Light in colour

Very lightweight

Particles more cohesive Looks like a solid brick Lighter in colour

Dried on a window cill 10 cm x 10 cm cube

Dried on a window cill 10 cm x 10 cm cube

Dried in window less room

Less cement used in the mix Excess water used

Excess water used making it more liquid so takes shape well Less cement used

Excess water used

Excess water used

Excess water used making it more liquid so takes shape well Less cement used

Good shock absorber

Due to air pockets left by evaporated water

Good acoustic insulator

Due to air pockets left by evaporated water

Good thermal insulator Dried in 21 days

Good shock absorber

Good thermal insulator

Good acoustic insulator Dried in 21 days

Mix 12:

Use of more sand less cement

Due to air pockets left by evaporated water Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer Due to air pockets left by evaporated water

Due to air pockets left by evaporated water Due to air pockets left by evaporated water

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer

Good shock absorber

Due to air pockets left by evaporated water

Good acoustic insulator

Due to air pockets left by evaporated water

Good thermal insulator Dried in 21 days

Good shock absorber

Good thermal insulator

Good acoustic insulator Dried in 21 days

Due to air pockets left by evaporated water Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer Due to air pockets left by evaporated water

Due to air pockets left by evaporated water Due to air pockets left by evaporated water

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer

Newspaper soaked before ripping - quicker Soaking of newspaper allows more than one to be ripped up Water squeezed out using sieves - quicker Water is pressed out using two sieves

31

32

Mix 1:

29/03/2012

CONDITIONS LIMITATIONS

POSSIBILITIES

8cm deep visible Newspaper

Takes shape of a mould

Took 28 days to dry

Colour can be added

Will blunt tools used to cut it Lighter than concrete Dried outside Time consuming process Needs to be ventilated

Mix 2:

03/05/2012

Not a liquid material

2cm deep when touched Crumbled

Surface not very smooth

Dried out in 21 days

Dried in particles a sunlit room 20 days Smaller does not lookDried very in cohesive

27/06/2012 Mix 6:

27/06/2012 Mix 7:

08/08.2012 Mix 8:

05/09/2012

Mix 9:

05/09/2012

Mix 10:

24/10/2012

Mix 11:

24/10/2012

Mix 12:

24/10/2012

Mix 13:

24/10/2012

Mix 14:

14/11/2012

Mixture will leak them out of mould Highlight these elements and not rethink

Useenvironment/reduce of concrete dye Try leaving in hotter water content

Can be spray painted

Mix 4: Mix 5:

Easily pushed into place Blend the newspaper better

Allows colour to take on the surface

Dried inside a hot boiler room Lighter than original mix Reduce sand content Use of more sand less cement Mix very sandy

Dried a sunlitwith room Driednot in 18 Flakeyinsurface large particles verydays cohesive

27/06/2012

REFLECTIONS

70% recycled raw materialReduce used water content Reduces use of cement/aggregate so is cheaper/sustainable

Mix 3:

27/06/2012

REFLECTIONS

Replacement of cement/aggregate with newspaper Reduce cement content

3cm deep Can be broken easily by hand

3cm deep Can be broken easily by hand Lighter in colour

Dried in particles a sunlit room 20 days Smaller does not lookDried very in cohesive 3cm deep Can be broken easily by hand

Lessas water used and depth of material Reduce sand content it reduces thethinner cohesion of particles Use of pine wood as a former has lots of grains

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer Newspaper not pulped with water Not enough water to allow hydration of cement/reinforcement

of room outside but warmer Not enough waterTemperature to allow hydration of reflects cement/reinforcement cement used inofthe mix Not enough waterLess to allow hydration cement/reinforcement

of room outside but warmer Not enough waterTemperature to allow hydration of reflects cement/reinforcement Not enough water to allow hydration of cement/reinforcement

Dried in broken a sunliteasily room by hand Particles a lot smaller and Not cohesive water used to paper Can be enough waterEnough to allow hydration of pulp cement/reinforcement 3cm Drieddeep in 26 days

White paper requires longer to dry

3cm deep Lighter in colour Was a bit harder to break by hand

Less cement used in the mix Use of reinforcement

Dried in particles a sunlit room 20 days Smaller does not lookDried very in cohesive Dried a sunlit Very lightweight Harderinto break room by hand but did eventually

3cm morelonger cohesive More deep water to squeeze out of Particles paper - takes Dried in 32 days

Looks like a solid brick Light in colour

Dried a sunlit Very lightweight Harderinto break room by hand but did eventually

3cm morelonger cohesive More deep water to squeeze out of Particles paper - takes Dried in 32 days

Looks like a solid brick Lighter in colour

of room Not enough waterTemperature to allow hydration of reflects cement outside but warmer Excess water ratio used better/reinforcement Hydration of cement by water water used Find a new way ofExcess squeezing out water Excess water

Excess water used making it more liquid so takes shape well Less cement used

Excess water ratio used better/reinforcement Hydration of cement by water water used Find a new way ofExcess squeezing out water Excess water

Excess water used making it more liquid so takes shape well Less cement used

Dried on a window cill too rip up Good shock absorber Newspaper took ages

to airnewspaper pockets left by evaporated Larger scale needDue to soak before ripping it water

Excess water came out of the Good mouldacoustic insulator

Due to air pockets left by evaporated water Reduce water content

Dried on a window cill too rip up Good shock absorber Newspaper took ages

to airnewspaper pockets left by evaporated Larger scale needDue to soak before ripping it water

10 cm under x 10 cm Good of thermal insulator Duetotoallow air pockets left by evaporated water Failed lowcube compression force 0.977kn per mm Not enough cement high strength Gaps in the solid block

Dried in 21 days

10 cm x did 10 not cm cube thermal insulator Material record a fail inGood compression Gaps in the solid block

Good acoustic insulator Dried in 21 days

Dried on a window cill too rip up Good shock absorber Newspaper took ages

10 cm x did 10 not cm cube thermal insulator Material record a fail inGood compression Gaps in the solid block

Good acoustic insulator Dried in 21 days

Dried on a window cill too rip up Good shock absorber Newspaper took ages

Temperature room in reflects outside but warmer Mixture not pressed down well of enough large boxes Due to air pockets by evaporated Such a good shock absorber caused left material to deform water Duedown to airwell pockets leftinby evaporated Mixture not pressed enough large boxes water

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer

to airnewspaper pockets left by evaporated Larger scale needDue to soak before ripping it water Due to air pockets by evaporated Such a good shock absorber caused left material to deform water Duedown to airwell pockets leftinby evaporated Mixture not pressed enough large boxes water

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer

to airnewspaper pockets left by evaporated Larger scale needDue to soak before ripping it water

10 cm under x 10 cm Good of thermal insulator Duetotoallow air pockets left by evaporated water Failed lowcube compression force 0.612kn per mm Not enough cement high strength Gaps in the solid block

Good acoustic insulator Dried in 21 days

Duedown to airwell pockets leftinby evaporated Mixture not pressed enough large boxes water

Temperature of room reflects outside but warmer

Dried window less room Newspaper soaked before Reduce ripping -water quicker Soaking of newspaper allows more than one to be ripped up Excessinwater escaped out of mould content/make molds watertight Dried in 32 days

Molds broke and turned moldy Very heavy still after 21 days Gaps in the solid block

Water squeezed out usingNo sieves - quicker is pressed out of using sieves ventilation to Water increase evaporation thetwo water Need to be made from plastic not cheap wood

No ventilation to increase evaporation of the water

Mixture not pressed down well enough in large boxes

33

...MAKE PAPERCRETE TEST SAMPLES...

I have recorded my observations over a period of three weeks as one of the papercrete samples

dried, so that comparisons can be made when you make your own sample of papercrete.

34

24-Nov

26-Nov

28-Nov

30-Nov

02-Dec

COLOUR WEIGHT TEXTURE ON TOUCH

780g 680g 650g 645g Soft/watery Wet on surface but Water sheen still Damp but solid solid underneath moist/solid underneath

630g Rough/solid

TEMPERATURE SHRINKAGE

luke warm none

fridge cold none

Freezer cold Shrinking down

Freezer cold Notable shrinkage looks like a slug residue

Freezer cold Slightly more shrinkage

04-Dec

06-Dec

08-Dec

10-Dec

12-Dec

610g Rough/solid

590g Rough/solid

570g Rough/solid

550g Rough/solid

530g 510g Rough/solid Rough/solid

COLOUR WEIGHT TEXTURE ON TOUCH TEMPERATURE SHRINKAGE

Freezer cold Freezer cold Freezer cold No more No more shrinkage No more shrinkage shrinkage

14-Dec

Freezer cold Freezer cold Freezer cold No more shrinkage No more No more shrinkage shrinkage

35

.MAKE PAPERCRETE STOOLS CHEAPLY.

One of papercrete’s most lucrative property is that is a cheap to make and quite

environmentally friendly, as it is made up of

70% recycled newspaper. Opposite is a copy of the cost analysis created to work out how much each stool cost to make. By doing it

individually I was able to ensure that I kept under my budget of £150. By working out how

much papercrete cost to make per 1m³ I was then able to compare it with other materials, which highlights its low economic cost.

36

Box 1: 500mm x 350mm x 350mm

0.5m x 0.35m x 0.35m = 0.06125m³ Cement weight:

1m³ = 1440kg

0.06m³ = 88.2kg

Cement weight per 0.06125m³ of papercrete = 2/9 x 88.2kg = Sand weight:

19.6kg

1m³ = 1660kg

0.06m³ = 101.71kg

Sand weight per 0.06m³ of papercrete - 1/9 x 101.7kg =

11.3kg

Box 2: 450mm x 350mm x 350mm

0.350 x 0.350 x 0.450 = 0.055125m³ Cement weight:

1m³ = 1440kg

0.055125m³ = 79kg

Cement weight per 0.055125m³ of papercrete = 2/9 x 79kg = Sand weight:

17.5kg

1m³ = 1660kg

0.55125m³ = 91.5kg

Sand weight per 0.055125m³ of papercrete = 1/9 x 91.5kg =

10.16kg

Box 3: 250mm x 350mm x 350mm

0.250m x 0.350m x 0.350m = 0.031m³ Cement weight:

1m³ = 1440kg

0.031m³ = 43.24kg

Cement weight per 0.031m³ of papercrete = 2/9 x 43.24 = Sand weight:

37

1m³ = 1660kg

0.031m³ = 49.8kg

9.6kg

38

Sand weight per 0.031m³ = 1/9 x 49.8kg =

5.5kg

Box 4: 100mm x 350mm x 350mm

0.1m x 0.35m x 0.35m = 0.01225m³ Cement weight :

1m³ = 1440kg

0.012m³ = 17.28kg

Cement weight per 0.012m³ of papercrete = 2/9 x 17.28kg = Sand weight:

3.83kg

1m³ = 1660kg

0.012m³ = 19.567kg

Sand weight per 0.012m³ of papercrete = 1/9 x 19.5kg =

2.16kg

Overall Cost

Overall weight of cement = 19.6kg + 17.5kg + 9.6kg + 3.83kg + 3.83kg = 54.36kg Cost of cement:

1kg from Lawson timber Newcastle = £0.20

Overall weight of sand =

11.3kg + 10.16kg + 5.5kg + 5.5kg + 2.16kg = 34.62kg

34.62kg = 1.80/20 x 34.62 =

Cost of sharp sand:

54.36kg =

£10.80

20kg from B and Q Newcastle = £1.80

Cost of formers =

£11.20

Cost of 1 castor=

£2.33 x 8 = £18.64

Cost of boards =

£4.20

Cost of no nails glue =

£5.99

£3.11

Cost of making Papercrete Stools = £10.80 + £3.11 + £11.20 + £18.64 + £4.20 + £5.99 = £53.73

39

.MAKE PAPER PULP LIGHT INSTALLATION USING A PROCESS SPECIFICATION. A step by step construction guide on everything you need to consider to make your own version

of the paper pulp light installation on the

opposite page. To work out how much it will cost you see page 53: EQUIPMENT NEEDED: Bucket Mould

Hand blender MATERIALS USED:

Pre pulped newspaper Polyurethane glue

40

41

1. The newspaper pulp has the excess water

squeezed out of it using the two sieves which fit inside each other.

2.

In

a

smaller

container

the

squeezed

newspaper pulp is blended for 10 minutes with

a hand blender with polyurethane glue added to the mix gradually until a sticky well blended consistency is created.

42

43

3. The material is then applied to the moulds in thin layers and left to dry.

4. Extra layers of the material can be then add-

ed to increase the strength of the final material in the desired form.

44

45

....UNDERSTAND THE PROPERTIES OF PAPER PULP...

When creating the paper pulp I have highlighted

the possibilities and limitations of the material

that I was able to understand as a result of making the material myself.

46

POSSIBILITIES Lightweight material Embedded strength from high percentage of polyurethane glue and epoxy resin glue as long as form is not broken

Majority of forms can be achieved if they are hollow Colour can be added to the mix if desired Blend of the material does not take long Easily cut and shaped Material has a high percentage of recycled newspaper content LIMITATIONS Process of layering to increase the strength of the material takes a long time as each layer needs about 2 days to dry

Material needs to applied to a hollow form - material wouldn’t dry if in a solid block Two types of glue used which are not that environmentally friendly

47

..MAKE ORIGAMI STYLE PAPER PULP FORMERS..

To make the paper pulp light installation you need to create gelflex moulds to form the paper

pulp on to. The gelflex shapes are made from MDF moulds whose orthographic drawings and

cutting list are on the opposite page, which will aid you with the former creation to replicate the shapes used in the light installation. The

triangle shapes need to be cut from 3 mm MDF and then stuck together into a 3D triangle shape using Gaffa tape along the length of the joints see page 51 for pictures.

48

CUTTING LIST DIMENSIONS OF 3MM MDF

QUANTITY

150 mm x 150 mm x 210 mm

4

105 mm x 105 mm x 150 mm

4

80 mm x 80 mm x 110 mm

4

LARGE ORIGAMI SHAPE

MEDIUM ORIGAMI SHAPE SMALL ORIGAMI SHAPE

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS

49

1. Using the orthographic drawings create

the MDF origami inspired formers to pour the gelflex into. Line the formers with Gaffa tape to stop the gelflex from leaking out.

2. Melt the gelflex down in the moulten pot for about 2 hours stirring frequently

3. Using a ladle, spoon the gelflex into the MDF moulds and leave to set for an hour.

4. As the moulds are held together with Gaffa

tape they will be easily removed and can be used themselves to make paper pulp origami moulds.

50

51

...MAKE PAPER PULP LIGHT INSTALLATIONS CHEAPLY...

One of paper pulp’s most lucrative property

is that is a cheap to make and quite

environmentally friendly as it is made up of

75% recycled newspaper. Opposite is a copy of the cost analysis created to work out how

much the total light installation cost to make, which consists of 64 origami triangles. I was

able to come in under my budget of £150 using this material. By working out how much paper pulp cost to make per 1m³ I was then

able to compare it with other materials, which highlights its low economic cost.

52

RECIPE/SPECIFICATION 3 parts newspaper pulp 1 part PVA glue

PAPER PULP COST PER M3 3 parts newspaper pulp : 1 part PVA glue = 4 parts NEWSPAPER PULP COST PER M3 Recycled newspaper = Free PVA GLUE COST PER M3 PVA cost per 1 litre bottle = £7.48 PVA volume = 1/4 x 1m3 = 0.25m3 = 250 litres PVA cost per m3 of paper pulp = 250 litres x £7.48 = £1870 Total cost of Paper pulp per m3 =

£1870 + free = £1870

PVA GLUE COST FOR PAPER PULP LIGHT INSTALLATION Amount of newspaper pulp used = 3000mm3 PVA volume = 1/4 x 3000mm3 = 750 = 0.75 litres Total cost of paper pulp = £7.48/100 x 0.75l = £5.61 Fishing wire (£5.99) + light bulbs (£12) + Orange cable flex (£22) + light bulb holders (£10) + plywood board (£1.10) + no nails glue (£5.99) + white cable flex (£4.20) + electrical plug (70p) = £67.59

53

...MAKE SHEETS OF PAPER....

A step by step construction guide on everything you need to consider to make your own sheets of paper on the opposite page.

EQUIPMENT NEEDED: Mixing container Hand blender

Screen printing frame Sponge Felt

MATERIALS USED:

Pre newspaper pulp Water

54

55

1. Add the pre pulped newspaper to a con-

tainer with extra water until it is quite water

logged. Using a blender pulp the mixture until the newspaper is finely blended.

2. Put the mixture onto to the mesh in the

frame over a sink and spread out evenly. To create a frame see page 58.

3. Place a piece of flexible acrylic plastic over the mixture and press down on it using a sponge to remove the excess water.

4. Once the excess water is removed take the

acrylic off carefully and leave to dry in a warm place until hard, usually about 3 days.

56

57

..MAKE PAPER MAKING FRAMES..

To make the frames use the orthographic

drawings on the opposite page. The frame

needs to be slightly bigger than the paper size you want it to be to allow for shrinkage and

to cut down rough edges. The mesh can be anything from lace or fabric with a larger weave to allow the water to seep through.

58

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1. Using the orthographic drawings cut the pieces of MDF to size with a mitre joints.

2. Join the mitre joints together using the corner formers with plenty of glue for each joint.

3. Put two screws into each corner to ensure the joint is secure.

4. When dry stretch the lace or netting taught

over the frame and using a staple gun fix it to the inside of the frame.

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..MAKE SHREDDED NEWSPAPER RESIN..

A step by step construction guide on everything

you need to consider to make your own version of the newspaper resin on the opposite page.

EQUIPMENT NEEDED: Syringe

Volume measurer Mould

MATERIALS USED:

Pre shredded newspaper 4Ml mekp catalyst

250g water clear casting resin

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1. 4ml of mekp catalyst measured out using the syringe

2. 125g of water clear casting resin spread around bottom of the mould creating a base layer

3. 2ml of mekp catalyst added into the mould with the clear casting resin and mixed together

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4. Shredded paper is added into the mould onto the base layer of water clear casting resin and catalyst with the other half of the mixture added onto the top of the shredded paper

5. The material is left to dry for half an hour

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....UNDERSTAND THE PROPERTIES OF NEWSPAPER RESIN...

When creating the newspaper resin I have

highlighted the possibilities and limitations of

the material that I was able to understand as a result of making the material myself.

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POSSIBILITIES Waterproof and solid material Interesting colours can be seen through the resin Will take shape of any mould that it is poured into Takes 1/2 hour to set completely Any material could be used to be suspended in the resin LIMITATIONS Cutting and shaping the material once set will be hard Resin is toxic and needs to be used quickly as it will set once the catalyst is added Takes the exact mould’s shape Not a lot of newspaper is used in its creation and it isn’t an essential part of the material

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...NOT MAKE NEWSPAPER WOOD...

A step by step construction guide on everything

you need to consider to make your own version of the newspaper wood on the opposite page.

EQUIPMENT NEEDED: Bucket

Paintbrush

Old tray/paint tray MATERIALS NEEDED:

Stacks of old newspapers Polyurethane glue

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1. Polyurethane glue poured into bucket and then applied to each page of 4 - 5 newspapers.

2. Newspapers stacked on top of each other in a bag with more

glue poured into bag

3. Weights applied to compress pages and left to dry for 2 weeks.

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....UNDERSTAND THE PROPERTIES OF NEWSPAPER WOOD...

When creating the newspaper wood I have

highlighted the possibilities and limitations of

the material that I was able to understand as a result of making the material myself.

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POSSIBILITIES Not as light as wood Able to be cut easily without blunting tools Interesting grains appear from the layering of the newspapers A lot of newspaper material is used in the production of the material LIMITATIONS Is hard to mould into a certain shape Takes 2 - 3 weeks to dry out A lot of polyurethane glue needed to get the needed adhesive strength - a second application of polyurethane was needed to allow correct adhesion

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....MAKE PAPERCRETE WITH A VIDEO....

Follow this link to a video tutorial of me

making papercrete <https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=xPW9C-CtU9s> or scan the

code below. It documents the process used

which can be applied to any other material not just papercrete. Happy making. Imogen

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