http://imprint.uwaterloo.ca/mambo/pdfarchive/1968-69_v9,n50_Chevron

Job chances

Campusqdckies Radio

Waterloo

here

conference

here

The national council of the Student Christian Movement is planning to hold a conference in Waterloo this summer on the problems of the foreign student in North American society.

Students participating will live at 136 and 138 University Avenue.

Both houses are owned by the Co-op. Evening discussion groups will confront problems raised by such factors as technological and political power, historical and cultural imperialism, and one dimensionality in human contacts.

During the day, participants

Sandbox

conference

On may 8 to 12 the University of Waterloo and Waterloo Lutheran University will be holding the second annual College Entertainment Conference.

The conference which will be attended by people from 50 universities from Canada and the northern US will feature a showcase of 20 major concert and dance bands including the Hello People, the First Edition and Dion.

Agents from most of the New York agencies will be present as will various managers and ,acts, including Ian Tyson who is speaking on college concerts from the

Sick buy observes The staff of health services was given good friday off. ‘\ Several patients were sent home.

One of them, Cathy Nurseg, math 1, sent back to the Village with a fever and pneumonia in one lung. She was supposed to go to the K-W hoq:ital, but the doctors order needed to get her into the hospital could not be given because no doctor was present at health services over the holiday weekend.

Health services also wanted Nursey to have tests at the K-W

summer

this

summer

will be able to hold a job or take summer courses at the university.

Attempts will be made to create a community where Canadian and foreign students will be able to communicate despite differences in cultural background.

The project will take place from May 18 until August 31. The cost, including room and board, is estimated at $250.

Anyone wanting to obtain further information is asked to phone Iawo Machida at 576-8850.

slim

Ontario premier John Robarts, disturbed by the bleak outlook for students seeking summer employment, has sent a personal appeal to 30,000 provincial employers to “hire a student”,.

Over 375,000 Ontario students are expected to be turned loose on the summer labor market, compared to 325,000 last year.

Over 50,000 of those seeking jobs last year were disappointed.

“It is clear that unless substantially more is done this summer to expand employment opportunities, at least 60,000 of our young people could experience the frustration of a jobless summer,” Robarts said.

He pointed out that if students are expected to pay part of the cost of their education, they must have the opportunity to work.

Christiun

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Waterloo

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but supplied her no way to reach the hospital. Finally, some of her friends were able to get Nursey a ride downtown. She is still in the sick bay, but should be able to leave soon.

(There is neither full time medical or psychiatricaic at health services. 1 While there is a full time nursing staff at health services the doctors are in the building on week day mornings.

These doctors do not consider this work part of’ their practice.

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usually fall-last year they rose from 4.8’; to 5.5’ c . l all indications point to even fewer jobs this summer Council also noted that almost 50’; of the student population would not be hired this summer.

The Council announced that it will organize a number of summer projects both to seek emplovment for students and to provide alternative activity this summer.

Here on campus. Bert Barber. head of the coordination department. agreed the job situation was tight. especially for non co-op types. He said although most coop students had jobs already. there were still a few lagging.

These should be fixed up hopefully in the next two weeks before the summer work term actuall!. starts.

AS far as regular students are concerned. the coordination department really doesn’t ha\-e too much information about \\-ho gets jobs and who doesn’t.

EXAMS?

SHELL \I///

here this summer standpoint of the performer.

Papers are being prepared and will be presented on all of the various aspects of running the social program of a university.

The highlight of the conference will be the Music Hotseat which will feature agents, managers, union officials, performers and buyers in a two hour bitch session.

The strangest sight of the conference should be when the Americans encounter Canadian beer for the first time, according to Jim, Keron. a conference official. ’ “It should be neat,” he said.

for summer

Officials from the federal department of manpower and the Canadian Union of Students have indicated they expect the student employment situation to be as barren in other provinces as it is in Ontario this summer.

The recent CUS National Council meeting announced that it would conduct a major campaign, to draw public attention to the problem of student unemployment in Canada.

The Council stated that unless immediate and drastic action was taken by both federal and provincial governments, Canada would face a major social problem and that many students would be unable to return to school in the fall.

The Council was informed by the CUS research department: l 74,000 Canadian students were unemployed last summer l more than l/3 of the students applying for work were unemployed l June unemployment rates

Chevron staff

radio tower which it hopes to have erected sometime this summer, ‘and also has plans to move into new studio facilities somewhere on the north’ campus in late august. Steele also said CKRW will be trying for an FM licence in august, in an effort to bring student oriented music and talk to an extensive market.

. CKRW, Radio Waterloo, and the voice of a totally aware campus will continue its broadcast schedule during the summer term. .

Station manager Bruce Steele said he hopes to expand the station considerably over the summer months, increasing both facilities and hours.

The station already has an FM

SCM

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UP WITH PEOPLE says Chevron editor-elect Bob Verdun.

Stewart Saxe may have been a gentleman, but his successor shows intentions of making the Chevron? image complete.

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a term.

vote, ' takes over as presichpt Patterson

Tom Patterson, history 3, has been elected president of the Federation of Students, polling 51.5 percent of the ballots cast.

Trailing 305 votes behind Patterson’s 1497 was Andy Anstett, poli-sci 4. The other candidate, Charlotte von Bezold, psychology 3, polled 158 votes. There were 57 spoiled ballots.

Patterson took over the presidency tuesday from J-ohn Bergsma. whose resignation had caused the byelection.

Bergsma’s executive members also submitted resignations, although several are expected to be retained on the new executive.

Bergsma resigned three weeks ago because he felt he wasn’t getting enough support from student council. Anstett, who claimed to represent the moderate faction, said in his campaign that he had

wins

the support of a majority of council members.

Patterson was vicepresident under Brian Iler, who lost a november confidence vote and was defeated by Bergsma in the subelection.

The radical sequent student movement grew out of that campaign for Iler and Patterson became one of its unofficial spokesmen. Patterson did not, however, run for election as the RSM candidate.

“My purpose in running was primarily to help build an effective union for Waterloo students,” he said.

On-campus voting was last wednesday, but ballots were not counted until monday to allow sufficient time for out-termers to send in ballots.

It was the out-term vote that was decisive-Patterson took it by

to overcome a small campus lead for Anstett.

323

on-

“I’d guess that the job situation that I talked about in the campaign was a major factor behind the support I received from the outterm,” Patterson said.

Anstett took on-campus engineering and graduates by a large margin but only took St. Jerome’s by 11 votes.

Patterson, in addition to the out-term, took Renison, arts and math decisively and science by one vote.

Anstett had been confident of victory until returning officer Larry Burko announced the out: term results, when Anstett was heard to say “Well, I guess I’m going to grad school. ” -

Tom Patterson, new&elected president of the Federation Students, amuses himself at his bourgeois elitist desk.

Presidentid

ISA exec may break up over misuse of fundsA great front page picture from this Wednesday’s issue of the university Gazette may cause the breakup of this year’s International Student Association executive.

The picture depicted ISA president Virenda Gupta handing interim administration president, Howard Petch, a $100 cheque, ostensibly as a gift from the ISA to the university.

Dorothy Venkiteswaran, ISA treasurer, is also in the picture.

Other members of the ISA and its ‘executive have accused the two officers of gross mismanagement of funds. There was no authorization for the grant from the association they claim.

Dilip Bhattacharyya, ISA secretary, has threat:ned to resign over the issue which he sees as more than a simple case of, misallocation of funds.

Bhattacharyya and other members of the association feel the move can be traced back to covert control of the association by foreign student officer Edith Beausoleil.

Former ISA member, Mr. Bagrodia, who resigned last year be-

cause of Beausoleil’s meddling, explained that every year Mrs. Beausoleil calls upon the association for a donation as a token of their gratitude for what the university is doing for them.

“The cheque is usually given to the administration. because of pressure from Mrs. Beausoleil who probably wants to show the administration she really is doing something, ” said Bagrodia.

Last year the expenditure was first voted down, but then approved after Mrs. Beausoleil accused the members present of ingratitude.

This year, it was decided to wait until after a mid april party the association is holding to see how large a grant would be made and to whom it would be presented.

ISA members were therefore surprised to see a picture of a presentation of the grant in the Gazette.

Bagrodia accused the president, Gupta, of being manipulated by Beausoleil.

Treasurer Venkiteswaran is Mrs. Beausoleil’s daughter.

Whe Find -This issue concludes volume -9 of the Chevron.

The first issue of volume 10 will be published May 9.

People are needed to help distribute the community supplement, if you can spare some time today or tomorrow drop into the office for more information.

The staff of the Chevron wishes all its student readers a good and employment filled summer.

Results

Anstett 181 32%

Patterson 333 59%

engineering 1324

366 67%

147 27%

24 4%

13 2%

550 41.6%

graduate

160 62%

77 30%

16 6%

6 2%

259 20.9%

164 35%

274 60%

3%

11 2%

465 27.5%

142 22%

465 71%

47 7%

3 0%

657 44.4%

science 1043

93 46%

94 46%

9 4%

9 4%

205 19.6%

Renison 97

15 23%

47 71%

0 0%

4 6%

66 68.0%

St. Jerome’s 332

71 51%

-60 43%

9 6%

1 0%

141 42.5%

total 8772

1192 51.5%

1497 41.1%

158 5.4%

57 2.0%

2904 33.1%

arts 1563

,,I2+4 math 1691

.

~

out-term 1478

.

Economics

\

Von‘BezoId 37 7%

16

cus seminar

Education and the Economy is the theme for this year’s CUS national seminar, a two-week mind-bending experience to be held at Laurentian University from May 9th to 22nd. The goal of the seminar is political education in relation to Canadian society.

250 students from universities all over Canada will attend the seminar. Approximately half of the students will represent student councils, while the other half will be representatives of SDU and similar student organiza tions.

Each university will be sending twice as many students as the number of its delegates to the CUS congress. regardless of whether or not it withdrew from CUS during the past, year. This means that Waterloo will be able to send ten representatives.

Train fare and accommodation

of

spoI led 10 2%

\

for participating students will be provided

by CUS travel grants.

Hopefully the federation will be able to supply the fifty dollar registration fee.

The first part of the seminar will involve a series of sessions with a historical perspective on Canada.

Topics of discussion will include Canada’s economic history, the development of the educational system, and the history of Canadian movements for social change.

Following these sessions will be a contemporary analysis of political and economic issues in Canada with an international perspective on these issues. Then there will be some sessions on the uses of the educational system and a strategy for social change in Canada.

The last part of the seminar will attempt to give participants some training in tactics like or-

--

turnout 561 36.0%

theme ganizing meetings and rallies, writing leaflets, and techniques of guerilla theatre. The planning committee hopes to get a manual for student organizing out of the seminar.

The planning committee hopes to have University of Toronto president Claude Bissell to talk about the role of education and the university. There is also‘s possibility that Canadian federal opposition leader Robert Stanfield may attend part of the seminar.

If possible, there will be tours to some local high schools and industries in addition to the discussion sessions.

Following the seminar, there will be a CUS refounding conference of representatives of all member and non-member institutions to discuss whether or not the national union should continue to exist. and if so. what its structure and policies should be.

TakeTwo For TheRoad

fief

gets

The following is the reply and counter-reply to the RStU’ brief on hiring and firing submitted to interim administration president Howard Petch and published in the Chevron on march 7 as the article Who picked your professor?

policy for or against the hiring of historians, mathematicians, philosophers, physicists, or political scientists of any particular “persuasion”.

It encourages the hiring of good philosophers, whether they be materialists or idealists; good mathematicians, whether they be Catholic or Protestant; good political scientists, whether Marxist or Tory; etc.

The university administration does not attempt to impose its own judgment of what constitutes a good physicist or a good political scientist on the physi&sts and political scientists in the university.

It would be as intolerable for the administration to insist that the Physics Department hire a Marxist physicist as for it to prevent the English Department from hiring a member of the Liberal Party.

Perhaps you are saying that the University of Waterloo does not have, and should have. someone to teach Marxism in a-sympathetic manner. All of us are continually exposed to a mass of information on Marxism, but it is true that most of it avoids critical and impartial examination of the subject. It may even be true that when we examine Marxismin present university courses, we do so in a way which emphasizes its negative aspects.

If this is the thrust of your argument. then I agree that in the interest of free intellectual enquiry. the Department of Political Science should be encouraged to engage someone of the highest calibre to teach courses in the left-wing philosophies.

He should be sympathetic and understanding of the radical political movement of the 20th century and might very well be a Marxist.

I have studied your Hiring and Firing Brief with great care and have discussed it at some length with my senior academic colleagues who, in turn, have AtoZRENTALCENTER discussed it with students and faculty who are involved in their immediate areas. In addition, several AbDRESS members of Senate have sent me written comments.

PRone 578-3870 Naturally I was not able to discuss your requests RENTAL with everyone, but I am satisfied that my response CENTER@ 184 Weber St. N. has the support of a substantial segment of the University.

May I say that I have been working continuously and conscientiously to establish a system of communications which will make it easy and routinenot difficult and exceptional-for students to make their point of view known and to contribute to the academic development of this university.

You will understand then that I did not treat your Brief lightly, It may be a very active sum 2. Funds for Marxist Seminars for their Social Praxis nor did I undertake a reply to it before I had remer. Students who wish to 5. A Tenfold Increase in Radical Library Acquisitions ceived comment and advice from as many areas as keep in close touch with The distribution of funds within the University in possible. support of academic and research programmes I cnnot undertake to comment line by line on events, call the red grapefollows the same principles outlined in the preceding your Brief, but it is important to comment on vine section. some of the assumptions it contains. f Funds for seminars and library acquisitions are First, assumptions are made about the role of the made available to the faculties and depart,ments university: it is asserted that “The critical unihaving responsibility for the programmes such versity is, therefore, an organization committed to seminars and library materials support. The adminradical social change. ” istration does not “ear mark” these funds but relies Social change is not the principal role of the union the judgment of the faculty and departments to versity, nor is the university to be conceived as spend them appropriately.

It would be totally unprimarily an agent for political reform. All viable acceptable for the administration to set aside, for and productive social institutions do have implicaexample, the English Department’s judgment ations for desirable social -change as a secondary Congratulations Tom bout the investment of its library budget in favour characteristic of their activities and this is particu-from some of your of its own ideas about what the library should conbetter friends larly true of the university.

However, the princitain in English language and literature materials. (with a smile on pal role of the university is the dual one of educatheir faces) Again, it may be that our programme in political tion and research. science is weak in left-wing thought. If this is the Second, assumptions are made about the status of case, it should be strengthened and this would the university vis a vis other agencies in society. naturally entail improving the library holdings as It is claimed that “The universities that are supwell as considering the introduction of seminars in ported by the government and business a&designed support of the programme. to operate to the advantage of ruling interests and 3. Creation of a Committee for Hiring and Firing which consequently offer training to students which This, of course, is related to your request in will allow them to ‘succeed’ in the society those number 1 and my response already has been made interests control,” and that “Faculty members and in part. The hiring and firing of faculty is primarily students must be freed from corporate pressures.” . a departmental matter and different departments The university, in fact, is free of these external choose different methods of handling it. In most pressures in respect of all its internal operations: departments there are indeed committees whose its programme development, its method of teaching, responsibility it is to make recommendations on its research interests, etc. In all these matters, the promotions, tenure, renewal of contracts, and on university is free to take decisions on the basis of the hiring of new faculty.

Recommendations for its own values ,and objectives.

The financial repromotion and the award of tenure are consources of the university are principally derived sidered by a faculty committee which, in turn, subfrom the Province of Ontario, but it is essential to mits its recommendations to the Senate and Board note that the Government provides funds to the of Governors for final approval. university in the form of a block grant and does not Recommendations for hiring new faculty go for attempt to dictate or control how these funds are final approval to the Deans of the Faculty and the used internally in the university’s operation and Vice-President, Academic, who check that the candevelopment.

In fact, the Government of the Prodidate meets acceptable standards of teaching. vince of Ontario is to be complimented for devising and scholarly work and that the terms of the a system which provides for massive funding of the appointment are appropriate. universities without infringing upon their autonomy.

4. Parity Representation and Veto Power on all Corn Third, it appears to be assumed that the univerCommittees sity should not tolerate or permit a variety of alThis request is not clear to me. Since the Brief is ternative approaches to higher education within its dedicated to the aims of the Radical Student Movestructure. ment it appears that you may be requesting parity The Integrated Studies approach is singled out for representation and veto power for this Society. Howcriticism as being an island utopia, an artificial conever, I will answer in a wider context. struct divorced from real historical processes, as Student participation in. the variety of decisionbeing an attempt to divide students who seek alternamaking bodies within the university community is tives from those who do not, and as being analogous obviously an important matter that is receiving conto employers’ attempts to divide workers among themselves so as to facilitate their exploitation and ’ siderable attention. In the past two years enormous progress has been made and studex& now serve on , Mussolini’s and Hitler’s attempts to fragment their a multitude of committee’s at thesdepartment, faccountries so as to take dictatorial control. ulty and university levels. As you are no doubt aNow the plain facts are these. The approach to ware, students now attend all Senate and Board education taken by the concept of Integrated Studies meetings as official visitors with all privileges of the will clearly serve some students better than does the floor. The current deliberations about the moveconventional approach.

The university thus wishes ment to a one-tier system of university government to make this alternative approach a real one and with substantial student membership on the governavailable to those students; it does not propose to ing body, are furt.her evidence of the progress impose this alternative approach on all students and made.. It is undoubtedly the case that analogous faculty. To imagine that creating a more permissive deliberations at all levels of the university’s operaframework for the university within which a variety of approaches to higher education is possible is an tion will be continuously undertaken. attempt to exploit the student, is simply absurd.

I believe that my statements and actions since Now, let me comment on your six requests listed at arriving at the University of Waterloo have made the end of the Brief. crystal clear my belief that the views af students must be accessible to all decision-making bodies 1. The Hiring of Ten Marxists in the university and that this can be accomplished The university, as an educational and research only by direct student membership on these bodies. institution, is organized around certain fields or I wish to take this’ opportunity to make, equally areas of study and research.

It does not have a 4

994 the Chevron

l

clear the fact that I reje,ct the proposition of parity representation and veto power for students on all committees.

No matter how well-intentioned, students simply do not have the knowledge, the understanding and judgment consistent witti a power of veto over much university decision-making.

6. Complete Students

Auditing

Rights

fdr Non-Registered

Present university policy already permits auditing privileges with the payment of half the regular fee.

To protect the interests of the regular students the university may limit the number of auditors in any T)Allrc+A I am aware that on the whole my response must seem very negative, but to me, the model of a university you portray in which(a) the university’s primary role is as an agent for political reform rather than education and re-

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RSM counter-reply

. . and

DC.

-

(b) a variety of approaches to higher education is not to be tolerated; (c) faculty members are to be hired according to their political persuasion rather than academic excellence, and (d) the administration is to direct the departments as to the spending qf their funds in such matters as seminars and library acquisitions -’ is highly repugnant. Perhaps I have misinterpreted some of your statements and, if so, I would be happy to be corrected. _ Yours sincerely, H. E. Petch, interim nresident

We have studied your reply to our Hiring and Firing Brief with great care and have discussed it at some length with bur friends and fellow students tiho, in turn, have discussed it with friends and fellow students who are involved in their immediate areas. Naturally, we were not able to discuss your reply with everyone, but we are satisfied that this reply has the support of a substantial segment of the Univei-sity.

You will understand then, that we did not treat your reply lightly, nor did we undertake a reply to it before we had received carQment and advice from as many areas as possible.

We cannot undertake to comment line by line on your reply, but it is important to comment on some of the assumptions it contains.

First, assumptions are made about the role of the university; it is asserted that “.. . the principal role of the university is the dual one of education and research. ” Education is not the principal role of the university, nor is the university to be conceived. as primarily an agent for “free” reseqch.

The university serves the interests of the corporations who lie behind our Board of Governors, in training highly sophisticated technical and superstructural workers to fill corporate slots and to absorb surplus labour from the economy and hence reduce unemployment tension.

Free research is impossible becaus?

(1) the uses to which the fruit of the research is put is taken out of the hands of the researchers and used in repressive contexts (eg. military research, personnel management, marketing studies, etc. ).

(2) the problems with w_hich the research is concerned is defined by the priorities of the corporate world.

Second, assumptions are made about the status of the university vis a vis other agencies in society.

It is claimed that “The university, in fact, is free of these external pressures in respect of all its internal operations : its programme development, its method of teaching, its research interests etc.

“In all these matters, the university is free to take decisions on the basis of its, own values and objectives.

The financial resources of the university are principally derived from the Province of Ontario, but it is essential to note that the government provides funds to the university in the form of a block grant and does not attempt to dictate or control how these funds are used internal1 in Y the university’s operation and development. ” The university is not free. Its values and objectives are the same as those of the corporations represented on the Board of Governors.

Just because the structural dictatorship of the state and corporate elite is not overly manifest,-the possibili-, ties for independent values and objectives are remote For example, no one does research for the Viet Cong. It’s unprofitable.

The C.I.A. benefited from the research conducted in North American universities not Che Guevara.

What possibilities do you

think there are for those who wish to orient their research in a different ideological djrection?

It is true that the Ontario Goverhment grants the money as a block no open strings attached to the university.

Yet, it does this because it knows very well that the conduct of those in authority will be responsible, i.e. do what they want to see done.

Furthermore, the money comes out of the pockets of the working-class almost exclusively.

Here you have a situation where the worker who is oppressed by the ruling class (ie. those who own’ or control capital) is paying for the training of students to the benefit of the corporate world.

Thirdly, it appears to be assumed that the upiversity should not tolerate or permit a variety of alternative approaches to higher education within its structure.

The Integrated Studies is just one attempt to avoid all the issues that we raised. It is‘ psychedelic oppression.

We have suggested a real alternative, the critical university.

1. The Hiring

of Ten Marxists

Science Association) than with providing the type of courses that the students want.

This past year, the RSM sponsored the “Marxist Lecture Series”, which was attended consistently by an average of one hundred students, late at night and for no credit. If the department were truly sensitive to the wants of the students (whether or not the structures are there to formally transmit the student wishes) it would have gone out of its way to find the people to provide that kind of intellectual climate.

As far as the content of our courses which deal with Marx, we get absolute drivel, simplistic hog wash, and blatant propaganda.

Many of us became attracted to Marx when we found that in reading his works first hand, the distortions of our classroom sessions became painfully apparent. and Veto

Power

on all

No matter how well-intentioned, administrators simply do not have the knowledge, the understanding and judgement conSistent with a power of veto over much university decisionmaking.

The most cursory investigation of the administrations decision making history will clearly verify this fact.

It is, for example, the students, not the administration, who wefe responsible for the creation of a Health services, ’ a creative arts program, decent numbers of residence rooms (though the administration has done its best at subverting this demand), the campus. center, an adequate counselling services (once again being subverted by the administration. ).

Students have in fact consistently proven more capable at administering the cahpus than the administrators.

6. Complete Students

Auditing

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at

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d

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-

The university, as a training and research institution is organized around certain fields or areas of study and research.

It does not need a policy hiring and firing. There is a “built-in” automatic, methodical eliminator when it comes to hiring and firing.

Docile professors on the whole, get jobs (by definition that eliminates Marxists).

When Dr. Ambnd, a sociologist from the U. of A at Edmonton, came for a job interview at Waterloo, he was told by one member of the department that, should he be hired, he was not to work with the radical students politically, nor to partake

4. Parity Representation Committees

~THE~~T~P& !

Graduate

Student

Union

The G$.V. is planning 5 pub nights from April 28 - May 2 inclusive.

Admission 25c (to cover costs) wiH apply to everyone: undergrads, staff, faculty, grads and hedonists are all welcome, until the room is filled.

“Law and Order” will be maintained. Miscreants will be unceremoniously ejected. Entertainment may be provided. If this is a success we may run pub nights throughout the long hot summer.

NOTICE TO ALL STUDENTS: Depending on the ‘unceasing generosity’ of your Fed. of Student’s Council, it may well happen that to execute some of our proposals i.e, grad orientation, foreign student advisory service, course critique research & pay surveys; we will be granted funds to employ persons (for the summer) to fulfil these tasks, Should anyone be interested in any of these hypothetical positions, apply in writing (not later than April 24, 1969) to President Grad Student Union, Anyone interested in organizing GSV pub nights (with suitable compensatio n) please contact the said’same person,

Then,treat yourself to a chat with Dr. Howard Petch,VicePresident (Academic) Mbndays,4-6p.m. Campus Centre (Pub Area)

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4 Erb St. East,

Non-Registered \

We rest-our case. You’ve made our point. * .* * We are aware that on the -whole our response must seem very negative but to us, the model of a university you portray in which(a) the university’s primary role is as an . agent for the maintenance of the status quo rather than for progress and justice. (b) a real variety of approaches to higher education is not to be tolerated; (c) faculty members are not to be hired according to the needs of the students and society. (d) th< deans and dept. heads are to direct the departments as to the spending of their funds in such matters as seminars and library acquisitions is highly repugnant.

Perhaps we have misinterpreted some of your statements and, if so, we would be happy to be corrected.

Sincerely,Messrs. R. Hay, C. Levitt, T. Patterson, J. Stafford, A. Stanley. frida y, april

7 7, 7969 (9:50)

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epre This essay examines the idea of tolerance in our advanced industrial society. The conclusion reached is that the realization of the objective of tolerance would call for intolerance toward prevailing policies, attitudes, opinions, and the extension of tolerance to policies, attitudes, and opinions which are outlawed or suppressed.

In other words,- today tolerance appears again as what it was in its origins, at the beginning of the modern period-.a partisan goal, a subversive liberating notion and practice. Conversely, what is proclaimed and practiced as tolerance today, is in any of its most effective manifesta- I tions serving the cause of oppression.

By Herbert philosophy

professor,

University

Marcuse of California

at San Diego Herbert

The author is fully aware that, at present, no power, no authority, no government exists which would translate liberating tolerance into practice, but he believes that it is the task and duty of the intellectual to recall and preserve historical possibilities which seem to have become utopian possibilities-that it is his task to. break the concreteness of oppres-. sion in order to open the mental space in which this society can be recognized as what it is and does.

Tolerance

as an end

Tolerance is an end in itself. The elimination of violence, and the reduction of suppression to the extent required for protecting man and animal from cruelty and aggression are preconditions for the creation of a humane society.

Such a society does not yet exist; progress toward it is perhaps more than before arrested by violence and suppression on a global scale. As deterrents against nuclear war, as police action against subversion, as technical aid in the fight against I imperialism and communism, as methods of pacification in neo-colonial massacres, violence and suppression are promulgated, practiced, and defended by democratic and authoritarian governments alike, and the people subjected to these governments are educated to sustain such practices as necessary for the preservation of the status quo. Tolerance is extended to policies, conditions, and modes of behavior which should not be tolerated because they are impeding, if not destroying, the chances of creating an existence without fear and misery.

This sort of tolerance strengthens the tyranny of the majority against which authentic liberals protested. The political locus of tolerance has changed: while it is more or less quietly and constitutionally withdrawn from the opposition, it is made compulsory behavior with respect to established policies. Tolerance is turned from an active into a passive state, from practice to non-practice: laissez-faire the constituted authorities.

It is the people:, who tolerate the government, which in turn tolerates opposition within the framework determined by the constituted authorities.

Tolerance toward that which is radically evil now appears as good because it serves the cohesion of the whole on the road to affluence or more affluence. The toleration of the systematic moronization of children and adults alike by publicity and propaganda, the release of destructiveness in aggressive driving, the recruitment for and training of special forces, the impotent and benevolent tolerance toward outright deception in merchandising, waste, and planned obsolescence are not distortions and aberra: tions, they are the essence of a system which fosters tolerance as a means for

perpetuating the struggle for existence and suppressing the alternatives.

The authorities in education, morals, and psychology are vociferous against the increase in juvenile delinquency; they are less vociferous against the proud presentation, in word and deed and pictures, of ever more powerful missiles, rockets, bombs-the mature delinquency of a whole civilization.

The whole governs According to a dialectical proposition it is the whole which determines the truth-not in the sense that the whole is prior or superior to its parts, but in the sense that its structure and function determine every particular condition and relation. Thus, within a repressive society, even progressive movements threaten to turn into their opposite to the degree to which they accept the rules of the game.

To take a most controversial case: the exercise of political rights (such as voting, letter-writing to the press, to Senators, etc., protest-demonstrations with a priori renunciation of counterviolence) in a society of total administration serves to strengthen this administration by testifying to the existence of democratic liberties which, in reality, have changed their. content and lost their effectiveness.

In such a case, freedom (of opinion, of assembly, of speech) becomes an instrument for absolving servitude.

And yet (and only here the dialectical proposition shows its full intent) the existence and practice of these liberties remain a precondition for the restoration of their original oppositional function, provided that the effort to transcend their (of ten self-imposed) limitations is intensified.

Generally, the function and value of tolerance depend on the equality prevalent in the society in which tolerance is practiced.

Tolerance itself stands subject to overriding criteria: its range and its limits cannot be defined in terms of the respective society. In other words, tolerance. is an end in itself only when it is truly universal, practiced by the rulers as well as by the ruled, by the lords as well as by the peasants, by the sheriffs as well as by their victims. And such universai tolerance is possible only when no real or alleged enemy requires in the national interest the education and traning of people in military violence and destruction.

As long as these conditions do not prevail, the conditions of tolerance are “loaded” : they are determined and defined by the institutionalized inequality (which is certainly compatible with constitutional equality), i.e., by the class structure of society. In such a SOCiety, tolerance is de facto limited on the dual ground of legalized violence or suppression (police, armed forces, guards of all sorts) and of the privileged position

held by the predominant interests and their ‘ ‘ connections. ’ ’ These background limitations of tolerance are normally prior to the explicit and judicial limitations as defined by the courts, custom, governments, etc. (for example, “clear and present danger,” threat to national security, heresy).

Within the framework of such a social structure, tolerance can be safely practiced and proclaimed.

It is of two kinds: (1) the passive toleration of entrenched and established attitudes and ideas even if their damaging effect on man and nature is evident; and (2) the active, official tolerance granted to the Right as well as to the Left, to movements of aggression as well as to movements of peace, to the party of hate as well as to that of humanity.

I call this non-partisan tolerance “abstract” or “pure” inasmuch as it refrains from taking sides-but in doing so it actually protects the already established machinery of discrimination.

Intolerance

comes first

The tolerance which enlarged the range and content of freedom was always partisan-intolerant toward the protagonists of the repressive status quo. The issue was only the degree and extent of intolerance.

In the firmly established liberal society of England and the United States, freedom of speech and assembly was granted even to the radical enemies of society, provided they did not make the transition from word to deed, from speech to action.

Relying on the effective background limitations imposed by its class structure, the society seemed to practice general tolerance.

But liberalist theory had already placed an important condition on tolerance: it was “to apply only to human beings in the maturity of their faculties. John Stuart Mill does not only speak of children and minors, he elaborates: “Liberty, as a principle, has no application to any state of things anterior to the time when mankind have become capable of being improved by free and equal discussion. ” Anterior to that time, men may still be barbarians, and “despotism is a legitimate mode of government in dealing with barbarians, provided the end be their improvement, and the means justified by actually effecting that words have a end.” Mill’s often-quoted less familiar implication on which their meaning depends: the internal connection between liberty and truth. There is a sense in which truth is the end of liberty, and liberty must be defined and confined by truth. Now in what sense can liberty be for the sake of truth? Liberty is self-determination, autonomy-this is almost a tautology, but a tautology which results from a whole series of synthetic judgments.

It stipulates the ability to

Marcuse

determine one’s own life: to be able to determine what to do and what not to do, what to suffer and what not. But the subject of this autonomy is never the contingent, private individual as that which he actually is or happens to be; it is rather the individual as a human being who is capable of being free with the others. And the problem of making possible such a harmony between every individual liberty and the other is not that of finding a compromise between competitors, or between freedom and law, between general and individual interest, common and private welfare in an established society, but of creating the scoiety in which man is no longer enslaved by institutions which vitiate selfdetermination from the beginning.

In other words, freedom is still to be created even for the freest of the existing societies.

And the direction in which it must be sought, and the institutional and cultural changes which may help to attain the goal are, at least in developed civilization, comprehensible, that is to say, they can be identified and projected, on the basis of experience, by human reason.

In the interplay of theory and practice, true and false solutions become distinguishable-never with the evidence of necessity, never as the positive, only with the certainty of a reasoned and reasonable chance, and with the persuasive force of the negative. For the true positive is the society of the future and therefore beyond definition and determination, while the existing positive is that which must be surmounted.

But the experience and understanding of the existent society may well be capable of identifying what is not conducive to a free and rational society, what impedes and distorts the possibilities of its creation. Freedom is liberation, a specific historical process in theory and practice, and as such it has its right and wong, its truth and falsefood.

Freedom

+ continued

friday, .

beyond definition

The uncertainty of chance in this distinction does not cancel the historical objectivity, but it necessitates freedom of thought and expression as preconditions of finding the way to freedom-it necessitates tolerance. However, this tolerance cannot be indiscriminate and equal with respect to the contents of expression, neither in word nor in deed, it cannot protect false words and wrong deeds which demonstrate that they contradict and counteract the possibilities of liberation.

Such indiscriminate tolerance is justif ied in harmless debates, in conversation, in academic discussion ; it is indispensable in the scientific enterprise, in private religion.

But society cannot be indiscriminate where the pacification of existence, where freedom and happiness themapi/

I 1, 1969 (9:50)

on next page

997

7

* continued

4

/

from previous page

selves are at stake: here, certain things cannot be said, certain ideas cannot be expressed, certain policies cannot be proposed, certain behavior cannot be permitted without making tolerance an instrument for the continuation of servitude.

The danger of “destructive tolerance” (Baudelaire), ‘of “benevo1en.t neutrality” toward art has been recognized: the market, which absorbs equally well (although with often quite sudden fluctuations) art, anti-art, and non-art, all possible conflicting styles, schools, forms, provides a “complacent receptacle, a friendly abyss” (Edgar Wind, Art and Anarchy (New York: Knopf, 1964), p. 101) in which the radical impact of art, the protest of art against the established reality is swallowed up. However, censorship of art and literature is regressive under all circumstances.

The authentic oeuvre is not and cannot be a prop of oppression, and pseudo-art (which can be such a prop) is not art. Art stands against history, withstands history which has been the history of oppression, for art subjects reality to laws other than the established ones: to the laws of the Form which creates a different reality-negation of the established one even where art depicts the established reality. But in its struggle with history, art subjects itself to history: history enters the definition of art and pseudo-art.

Thus it happens that what was once art becomes pseudo-art.

Previous forms, styles, and qualities, previous modes of protest and refusal cannot be recaptured in or against a ‘different society. There are cases where an authentic oeuvre carries a regressive political message:Dostoevski is a case in point. But then, the message is cancelled by the oeuvre itself: the regressive political content is absorbed, aufgehoben in the artistic form: in the work as literature.

On freedom

I

of speech

Tolerance of free speech is the way of improvement, of progress in liberation, not because there is no objective truth, and improvement must necessarily be a compromise between a variety of opinions. but because there is an objective truth which can be discovered, ascertained only in learning and comprehending that which is and that which can be and ought to be done for the sake of improving the lot of mankind.

This common and- historical “ought” is not immediately evident, at hand: it has to be uncovered by “cutting through,” “splitting,” “breaking asunder” (dis-cutio) the given material-separating right and wrong, good and bad, correct and incorrect.

The subject whose “improvement” depends on a progressive historical practice is each man as *man, and this universality is reflected in that of the discussion, which a priori does not exlude any group or individual. But even the all-inclusive character of liberalist tolerance was, at least in theory, based on the proposition that men were (potential) individuals who could learn to hear and see and feel by themselves, to develop their own thoughts, to grasp their true interests and rights and capabilities, also against established authority and opinion. This was the rationale of free speech and assembly. Universal toleration becomes questionable when its rationale no longer prevails, when tolerance is administered to manipulated and indoctrinated individuals who parrot, as their own, the opinion of their masters, for whom heteronomy has become autonomy.

The telos of tolerance is truth. It is clear from the historical record that the authentic spokesmen of tolerance had more and other truth in mind than that of propositional logic and academic theory.

John Stuart Mill speaks of the truth which is persecuted in history and which1 does not triumph over persecution by virtue of its “inherent power,” which in fact has no inherent power “against the dungeon and the stake.”

And he, enumerates the “truths” which were cruelly and successfully liquidated in the dungeons and at the stake: that of Arnold of Brescia, of Fra ‘Dolcino, of Savonaroia. of the Albigensians, Waldensians, Lollards, and Hussites. Tolerance is first and foremost for the sake of the heretics-the historical road toward humanitas appears as heresy: target of persecution by the powers that be. Heresy by itself, however, is no token of truth.

The criterion of progress in freedom 8

998 the Chevron

according to which Mill judges these move. ments is the Reformation.

The evaluation is ex post, and his list includes opposites (Savonarola too would have burned Fra Dolcino) . Even the ex post evaluation is contestable as to its truth: history corrects the judgment-too late. The correction does not help the victims and does not absolve their executioners.

However, the lesson is clear: intolerance has delayed progress and has prolonged the slaughter-and torture of innocents for hundreds of years. Does this clinch the case for indiscriminate, “pure’‘-tolerance?

Are there historical conditions in which such toleration impedes liberation and multiplies the victims who are sacrificed to the status quo? Can the indiscriminate guaranty of political rights and liberties be repressive?

Can such tolerance serve to contain qualitative social change?

Tolerating

the majority

I shall discuss this question only with reference to political movements, attitudes, schools of thought, philosophies which are “political” in the widest senseaffecting the society as a whole, demonstrably transcending the sphere of privacy.

Moreover, I propose a shift in the focus of the discussion: it will be concerned not only, and not primarily, with tolerance toward radical extremes, minorities, subversives, etc., but rather with tolerance toward official and toward majorities, public opinion, toward the established protectors of freedom. In this case, the discussion can have as a frame of reference only a democratic society, in which the people, as individuals and as members of political and other organizations, participate in the making, sustaining, and changing policies. In an authoritarian system, the people do not tolerate-they suffer established policies.

Under a system of constitutionally guaranteed and (generally and without too many and too glaring exceptions) practiced civil rights and liberties, opposition and dissent are tolerated unless they issue in violence and/or in exhortation to and organization of violent subversion.

The underlying assumption is that the established society is free, and that any improvement, even a change in the social structure and social values, would come about in the normal course of events, prepared, defined, and tested in free and equal discussion, on the open marketplace of ideas and goods. Now in recalling John Stuart Mill’s passage, I drew attention to the premise hidden in this assumption: free and equal discussion can fulfil1 the function attributed to it only if it is rational-expression and development of independent thinking, free from indoctrination, manipulation, extraneous authority.

The notion of pluralism and countervailing powers is no substitute for this requirement.

One might in theory construct a state in which a multitude of different pressures, interests, and authorities balance each other out and result in a truly general and rational interest.

However, such a construct badly fits a society in which powers are and remain unequal and even increase their unequal weight when they run their own course. It fits even worse when the variety of pressures unifies and coagulates into an overwhelming whole, integrating the particular countervailing powers by virtue of an increasing standard of living and an increasing concentration of power. Then, the laborer, whose real interest conflicts with that of management, the common consumer whose real interest conflicts with that of the producer, the intellectual whose vocation conflicts with that of his employer find themselves submitting to a system against which they are powerless and appear unreasonable.

The ideas of the available alternatives evaporates into an utterly utopian dimension in which it is at home, for a free society is indeed unrealistically and undefinably different from the existing ones. Under these circumstances, whatever improvement may occur “in the normal course of events” and without subversion is likely to be improvement in the direction determined by the particular interests which control the whole.

Firmly based majorities By the same token, those minorities which strive for a, change of the whole itself will, under optimal conditions which rarely prevail, be left free to deliberate and discuss, to speak and to

assemble-and will be left harmless and helpless in the face of the overwhelming majority, which militates against qualitative social change. This majority is firmly grounded in the in-, creasin& satisfaction-of needs, and technological and mental coordination, which testify to the general helplessness of radical groups in a well-functioning social system.

Within the affluent democracy, the affluent discussion prevails, and within the established framework, it is tolerant to a large extent. All points of view can be heard: the Communist and the Fascist, the Left and the Right, the white and the Negro, the crusaders for armament and for disarmament.

Moreover, in endlessly dragging debates over the media, the stupid opinion is treated with the same respect as the intelligent one, the misinformed may talk as long as the informed, and propaganda rides along with education, truth with falsehood.

This pure toleration of sense and nonsense is justified by the democratic argument that nobody, neither group nor individual, is in possession of the truth and capable of defining what is right and wrong, good and bad. Therefore, all contesting opinions must be submitted to “the people” for its deliberation and choice. But I have already suggested that the democratic argument implies a necessary condition, namely, that the people must be capable of deliberating and- choosing on the basis of knowledge, that they must have access to authentic information, and that, on this basis, their evaluation must be the result of autonomous thought.

Invalid

democratic

rhetoric

In the contemporary period, the democratic argument for abstract tolerance tends to be invalidated by the invalidation of the democratic process itself. The liberating force of democracy was the chance it gave to effective dissent, on the individual as well as social scale, its openness to qualitatively different forms of government, of culture, education, work-of the human existence in general. The toleration of free discussion and the equal right of opposites was to define and clarify the different forms of dissent: their direction, content, prospect.

But with the concentration of economic and political power and the integration of opposites in a society which uses technology as an instrument of domination, effective dissent is blocked where it could freely emerge: in the formation of opinion, in information and communication, in speech and assembly.

Under the rule of monopolistic mediathemselves the mere instruments of economic and political power-a mentality is created for which right and wrong, true and false are predefined wherever they affect the vital interests of the society. This is, prior to all expression and communication, a matter of semantics: the blocking of effective dissent, of the recognition of that which is not of the Establishment which begins in the language that is publicized and administered. The meaning of words is rigidly stabilized.

Rational persuasion, persuasion to the opposite is all but precluded.

The avenues of entrance are closed to the meaning of words and ideas other than the established one-established by the publicity of the powers that be, and verified in their practices.

Other words Can be spoken and heard, other ideas can be expressed, but, at the massive scale of the conservative majority (outside such enclaves as the intellfgentsia), they are immediately “evaluated” (i.e. automatically understood) in terms of the public language-a langauge which determines “a priori” the direction in which the thought process moves. Thus the process of reflection’ ends where it started: in the given conditions and relations.

Self-validating, the argument of the discussion repels the contradiction because the antithesis is redefined in terms of the thesis. For example, thesis : we work for peace; antithesis: we prepare for war (or even: we wage war ); unification of opposites: preparing for war is working for peace. Peace is redefined as necessarily, in the prevailing situation, including preparation for war (or even war) and in this Orwellian form, the meaning of the word “peace” is stabilized. Thus, the basic vocabulary of the Orwellian language operates as a priori categories of understanding:

preforming all content.

These conditions invalidate the logic of tolerance which involves the rational development of meaning and precludes the closing of meaning.

Consequently, persuasion through discussion and the equal presentation of opposites (even where it is really equal) easily lose their liberating force as factors of understanding and learning; they are far more likely to strengthen the established thesis and to repel the alternatives.

The hidden intolerance Impartiality to the utmost, equal treatment of competing and conflicting issues is indeed a basic requirement for decision-making in the democratic process-it is an equally basic requirement for defining the limits of tolerance.

But in a democracy with totalitarian organization, objectivity may fulfil1 a very different function, namely, to foster a mental attitude which tends to obliterate the difference between true and false. information and indoctrination, right and wrong. In fact, the decision between opposed opinions has been made before the presentation and discussion get under way-made, not by a conspiracy or a sponsor or a publisher, not by any dictatorship, but rather by the “normal course of events,” which is the course of administered events. and by the mentality shaped in this course. Here. too, it is the whole which determines the truth.

Then the decision asserts itself. without any open violation of objectivity. in such things as the make-up of a newspaper (with the breaking up of vital information into bits interspersed between extraneous material, irrelevant items. relegating of some radically negative news to an obscure place), in the juxtaposition of gorgeous ads with unmitigated horrors, in f-tic introduction and interruption of the broadcasting of facts by overwhelming commercials.

The result is a neutralization of opposites, a neutralization, however, which takes place on the firm grounds of the structural limitation of tolerance and within a preformed mentality.

When a magazine prints side by side a negative and a positive report on the FBI, it fulfills honestly the requirements of objectivity: however, the chances are that the positive wins because the image of the institution is deeply engraved in the mind of the people. Or, if a newscaster reports the torture and murder of civil rights workers in the same unemotional tone he uses to describe the stock-market or the weather, or with the same great emotion with which he says his commercials, then such objectivity is spurious-more, it offends against humanity and truth by being calm where one should be enraged, by refraining from accusation where accusation is in the facts themselves. The tolerance expressed in such impartiality serves to minimize or even absolve prevailing intolerance, and suppression. If objectivity has anything to do with truth, and if truth is more than a matter of logic and science, then this kind of objectivity is false, and this kind of tolerance inhuman. And if it is necessary to break the established universe of meaning (and the practice enclosed in this universe) in order to enable man to find out what is true and false, this deceptive impartiality would have to be abandoned.

The people .exposed to this impartiality are no tabulae rasae, they are indoctrinated by the conditions under which they live and think and which they do not transcend.

To enable them to become autonomous, to find by themselves what is true and what is false for man in the existing society, they would have to be freed from the prevailing indoctrination (which is no longer recognized as indoctrination ).

But this means that the trend would have to be reversed: they would have to get information slanted in the opposite direction.

For the facts are never given immediately and never accessible immediately; they are established. “mediated” by those who made them; the truth, “the whole truth” surpasses these facts and requires the rupture with their appearance.

This rupture-prerequisite and token of all freedom of thought and of speech-cannot be accomplished within the established framework of abstract tolerance and spurious objectivity because these are precisely the factors which precondition the mind against the rupture.

The General Non-Major Environmental

Non-Degree Integrated Perpetual !*

I CRAM EXAM , of

the University of Waterloo

Cleverly stolen from New Left Notes

by Cryil Levitt and Bruce

.

Steele

the RMS

Chevron staff

c

should give a transfusion ness.

Without peeking at your computer fee sheet, in the upper right hand corner of your paper, put 1) your student number, 2) your protection and security dossier code number, 3) the middle three digits of your maternal grad grandmother’s social security number.

SECTION

I (Multiple

choice)

(l/4

point

8) Ford a) b) c) d)

each)

Instructions: Deliberate carefully.

(But do not spend too much time on any one question. ) 1) Studies in some thumbsuckings show that a) restricted sucking experienced in infancy may be an important determinant of habitual thumbsucking. b) self-regulating feeding times without limit in nursing time is not a panacea for thumbsucking c) none of the’ children allowed to use pacifiers became thumbsuckers d) all of these 2) Spiro T. Agnew is . a) A West Afric’an cattle disease b) A Ceylonese rain chant c) a neo-archaic Greek term for love between a man and an animal d) an ad-hoc apropos 3) The a) b) c) d)

food in food-services is 100 percent pure beef builds bodies two-and-a-half ways is fresh daily is caressed by the Jolly Green Giant

4)‘ Sargent Shriver contends that is a) not a front for the Baptist b) brings life and culture to yikan natives c) helps man help himself d) helps man help the United

the Peace Corps Student Union friendly TanganStates

5) U. of W. president Howard Petch feels that the RSM is a) underground b) non-existent, underground and over-rated c) too late in the night d) Leo Johnson 6) Two. four. six, eight; organize a) eat a grape b) masturbate c) accept your fate dj smash the state

and

7) A man is murdered and his heart is transplanted. The police later capture the murderer.

Ontario statutes provide that a man is not legally dead until his heart stops beating-therefore a )the killer can’t be prosecuted until the recipient of the heart dies b)Hockey Night in Canada should be taken off the air because it portrays violence c) Pierre Trudeau should institute a Royal Commission to investigate immediately d) the Federation of Students should hold a general meeting e) a national heart control law must be enacted f) in a show of good faith, the murderer

, 1

to a Jehovah’s

Wit-

has a better oligopoly foundation V.P. for advertising Edsel

9) University of Waterloo student residences a) were never slept in by Ellis Don b) were designed by Frank Lloyd Wrong c) are giving aid and comfort to the enemy (narcs) d) none of the above e) all of the above f) combination of d) and e ) 10) Tom Patterson is a’) an out-term myth b) well-hung c) a product of Mr. and Mrs. Patterson d) a better man than Andy Anstett e) going to give Radio Waterloo a $100,000 grant.

PART II (True (do not answer 10 questions)

or false) all, but

(17 points each) complete at least

After careful consideration, beside each statement, put either “T” for true, TRUE for T, Me for You, You for Me, Can’t you see how happy we will be, dear, “ST” for sometimes true, “F” for false and “SF” for San Francisco, or any of the above combination.

1) The importance of understanding the beggar is to show that despite negative findings about the roll of poverty in other areas of deviate behavior, poverty is significantly relately to begging.

2) Compare Shakespeare.

3) The Canadian Sex Code which defines normal activity as genital union which is simple, direct and without variation is broken more often by the lower, socioeducational groups.

4) I wish I were an Oscar Meyer wiener, then everyone would be in love with me.

5) The fallopian tubes are a subway in Rome.

6) I wish I were an Oscar Meyer wiener, then I might get a 1-Y draft deferment.

7) Who was more alike, Antonia or Portia.

8) Omar Sharif postulated that Che Guevara might have been one of the great men of history had he not advocated violence.

9) Karl Marx might well have been a distinguished scholar had he not been a commie.

10) Block-booking is a commie front.

PART

I I Essay

(13 points)

As you all know, in constructing a response to a University-level essay question, it is more than imperative to use correct grammar, goodlanguage and a priori syntax which, as usual, is based on the full sentence outline you will design before responding to the aforegiven query. Be sure to tactfully ponder the various angles from which you might attack the question. Do not mix metaphors. Deal only with materials dealt with, in class or the texts. Do not improvise.

Think. Good luck.

1) ,Describe some of the humorous devices used

in “When

the Buffalo

Find the Tree” and shou are related to realism.

2 1 How will you explain the slow progress of civil rights in the U.S. to an indignant African student?

This student argues that the government should simply pass a law outlawing stgregation and then carry it out, by force if necessary. You should try to explain to him your understanding of a 1 federalism b) presidential power and c) legislative and judicial processes.

3) From Leonard Cohen’s classic poem “Susanne”, we extract the following quotation “.. . Jesus was a sailor when he walked upon the water”.

Discuss this statement in relation to the contract of the Seafarers’ International Union and navigational priorities on the St. Lawrence River, with emph. asis on International Water Boundaries.

how some of these devices

PART

IV (know

the empireb

.

You have been provided with a set of pastel pencils (blue, red, yellow, and black 1. Do not chew on or play with. Rather, use the appropriate color to shade,,in, on the map below, a 1 the free world b) the Red Menace c) the Yellow Peril and d) the teeming, uncivilized world.

If a map of the world has not been provided with this exam, draw, with 90 percent accuracy, a landform sketch of Vancouver Island. Then, compile 17 original questions, and submit answers only to H.D. Wilson.. . (for Integrated Studies students only). .

Indicate: Aegan country where the Truman Doctrine has helped restore classical democracy.. .

Asian Archipelago where we oversaw the elimination of upwards of a billion reds so as to show third world nations that there’s no business like American business.. . Red Island which faces invasion or nuclear annihilation because its ,bearded, illiterate leader is unable to read the Monroe Doctrine. ; . . .

Middle Eastern country where the U.S. helped the leader to overcome the folly of oil nationalization.. . sprawling Eurasian monolith once seen as menacing foe, whom we now flirt with in a power alliance above ideology...lazy latin aation which has consistently needed us to help re-define its notion of revolution.. English-speaking land whose Labor government has emulated American people’s capitalism.. . the U.S. leader sent marines to this Carribean Isle in 1965 because 51 Reds (13 of whom were adult males) threatened to undermine U.S. tourism. . . small mountainous’ European state which (under the tricky, dicky guise of neutrality) plays a key role in maintenance of U.S. control of world financing. . . nation whose popular African nationalist leader met with a CIA assassina tion overseen by Columbia University president / Andrew Cordelier for the good of Africa. * * * Keep duplicate cop,y of exam and send original with answers to RSM, campus center. It is imoortant that you keep duplicate since any or all of these questions could turn up on another exam.

Those studen.ts finishing in the top six percent will receive: RSM-Federation of Students recommendations to the joint student-faculty committee of their choice; three “Mr. Charlie” buttons, and a guaranteed five-year subscription to “Careers Today’ ’ . friday,

apaid I 7, 1969 (9:50)

999

9

We pause for a very THIS

IS PAGE University

bourgeois

of- vol. 9

1000 of Waterloo,

second

Waterloo,

Ontario

student

newspaper

to do it. (the Varsity just two years ago.) -

I Volume

1.

No.

UNIVERSITY

1

OF

WATERLOO,

WATERLOO,

mote

in Canada was

the first

W. F. Y. S. See

Page

3 I

ONTARIO

November

4,

1960

TEMPORARY STUDENTS COUN.Cll MEETS’ / -Room 137 at 7 o’clock on Wed., Oct. 19. At this meeting Brendan O’Connor was asked to be the editor of the school newspaper.

A board of publications was set up with Gord Van Fleet in charge.

A constitution committee, composed of Nick Hathaway, Terry Jones, Ed Rice, and myself, was set up to write a new constitution with the Faculty’s suggestions in mind.

This has been done.

This proposed constitution wil be submitted at the next meeting of the temporary Students’ Co+cil.

The date and place of this meeting wil be posted on the bulletin boards and I hope to see you at this meeting.

Doug Evans.

This is just

a note to let you, the students, know what has happened so far concerning student government.

On Wednesday, Oct. 12, the representatives of each of the faculty ‘student societies met.

At this meeting temporary officers were appointed to conduct matters of immediate importance.

Plans were also made for a newspaper and a student directory.

As time was short, another meeting was proposed for Oct. 19.

Before the 19th, the Faculty advisors gave s ome suggestions concerning the constitution.

Notices were posted, asking all those interested in helping to form a Students’ Council to meet in

#Editorial

l

l

l

The question of “When is the paper coming out?” has by this time degenerated into “Are we going to have a paper this vear?” However. before all memory of what a student newspaper is has faded altogether from your minds, we bring you this encouraging sign. ”

This, students, is your newspaper, the first of what we hope will be a long, successful, informative and, perhaps, influential series. From the Engineering Students “Enginews” of last year we have developed into a University-wide publication with sections from Arts, Science and Engineering with their respective editors. (See masthead for full layout of staff).

“THISFREEDOM”

LETTER TO ALL STUDENTS

Most

It is a matter of fact, not fiction, .hat vast numbers of African ,lack people are terrified at the bought of independence for Kenya.

This “freedom” Her ,Malesty’s government intends to be;tow in all good faith, but in iglorance of conditions in Africa md the ways of its inhabitants.

Only a small minority of the Jopulation, the noisy self-seekers lfter power, are shouting the ldds for “freedom”; and they are loing so, in order that they wil be ible to usurp power over the nasses, and fil [heir pockets with he spoils.

Bribery and corruption Ire even now rife in many lfrican circles.

Thousands of Africans are crylng out that they do not want this ‘freedom” for they know ful well .he barbarous consequences .ribal warfare, enmities and personal vendettas in which multi:udes would die. as they died in India and other places and are iying in the Congo now.

However, the warning of thoujands goes unheeded, while others keep quiet, afraid of reprisals by the vicious thugs who fol ow the power-seekers.

No one outside Africa can visualize the degree to which fear an< ztimidatior. ir.fiu.! ence the lives of the multitudes in Kenya today.

The Trade Unions intimidate the farm workers who dare not resist.

Intimidation and physical violence are exercised against foremen to limit production Unfortunately, the world press is not interested in such

As you will have noticed, this publication comes under an empty title head. This is not so much from a lack of titles, rather from a superfluity of same, but .we want to see the name of this paper come from and with the approval of the student body. If you have any ideas on what you would like to see the newspaper called, let us’have them. Bear in mind that this newspaper will probably outlive most of us both on the campus and even in life itself. Its name should be a fitting exampIe of the maturity and ideals of university students from the University of Waterloo.

For every student who submits a name there-is the chance that if chosen he will carry this name war the knowledge throughout future years that his. his idea. his creation, his contribution to the founding oj a new University.

(Besides these inherent spiritualistic merits Waterloo Warrior Weekend there will also de a materialistic reward of five dollars to the Two weeks ago the populace of person submitting the name chosen for the newspaper.)

Waterloo and those from Kitchenough to be on the Two names are already in my inind as having been sub. ener fortunate back streets . . . thanks to mitted.

“THE CORYPHAEUS” which is the Greek word fox city’s Police Traffic DiviLeader.

“NUNTIAT” which is the Latin for It Announces.

Ii the Kitchener sion . . . witnessed U of W’s first you have not any ideas of your own but you feel one of these football weekend parade.

This was deserves the title let us know either by a letter to the edit01 the opening of what proved to be weekend despite or iust write your choice on a slip of paper and post it in the a ver’y successful the football game taly between Newspaper mail box. the “MucMaster Murderauders” Since the start of the term a tentative Students’ Counci and the Waterloo Warriors. or Steering Council has been convened by the heads of the Floats from St. Jerome’s College, W.U.d. and U. of W. made faculty societies or councils and an Acting Executive formec up a parade of twelve entries to see to the drawing up of a constitution, distribution o: whi ch was highlighted by the funds, etc. When the Constitution is drawn up and approvec presence of Miss Canada.

A an election will be held to choose representatives to the Coun chariot (stolen from the props cil and the Council will have the direct authoxity of the supply of “Ben Hur”) added to the glitter and gaiety of the occastudent body. Meanwhile we should stand behind the Steer like an easy wining Committee, giving them every help and support till tht sion and looked ner.

However, since the floats constitution is drawn up and elections can be held. were judged according to the inA committee has been formed to discriminate agains genuity of idea, design and construction, the trophy was awarded “butlaw jackets”.

Rules for jackets with their accompanyin! to the Engineering Class of ‘63. insignia will be reviewed shortly.

St. Jerome’s College and U.W.C. _ One more thing should be mentioned at the close of thil Frosh floats were chosen second and third respectively. editorial.

All articles for the paper must have the writer’ name on them. Letters to the Editor may be printed over : RE PHYSICS FILMS “nom de plume”.

But the name of the sender must be in the NOTICE editor’s hands for filing purposes.

The Physics Degt. is anxious

of you have probablv read a letter, posted on bulletin boards throughout the school, from the Students’ Council.

However, I would like to reueat several points and also talk about several other topics.

First, the complete Students’ Council organization is temporary until such time as a Constitution is set up and adopted by a vote of the students.

At this time an election wil take place, in which the students may choose their own government.

Until the election.

I hope all students wil offer their suggestions for _ the Constitution and also about &y other facet of the government.

Within a week or two I wil be calling 9 meeting, open to all students, to go over the constitution.

At this time each clause wil be read and comments can bb made bv the students and explanations-wil be .qiven by the constitution committee.

After this, copies wil be printed and placed in the common room and library Finallv, we have a chance to set up a system of student government wiihout the fear that it might collapse because of federation oy non-federation.

Several new clubs have started on campus and these are a great asset to the university.

Although most clubs need funds, I feel-it unwise for the S. C. to grant any money to clubs until such time as a permanent S. C. is elected by the students.

But there are many other ways of raising money such as club dances, etc. All new clubs on campus have the best wishes of the S. C. In conclusion I would like to say that this newspaper is the students’ paper as we have paid for it. However, to make it a good paper, let’s have lots of volunteers to help our editors.

Paul Dirksen, Acting Chairman

things.

They are too matter of fact; they want sensationalism.

I’wo thousand loyalists may be fouly murdered during the MauMau; the press is not interested.

A handful of depraved lunatics die at HOLA (Mau-Mau detention tamp); this makes world news.

It would appear that the world has yet to learn that when “freedom” comes to an immature people and the old restraints are weakened or removed, chaos and utter degradation quickly follow.

Christianity and ethics are on the wane, and parts of AfricaKenya being but one -are becoming citadels of anti-Christ, places devoid of human virtues.

Even now, only a few weeks after the London Conference, there is trouble.

Fighting is breaking out all over the country.

The man in the street is coming to think that the party &ith the biggest fist wil win.

Is this the democracy the British government recommends for the milions in the colonies?

Is this the “freedom” it bestows -freedom from law and order-and the decencies of a civilzed life?

These facts are not known to the remainder of the world becsx? they have r.ot gecr. :cld.

The press rarely gets hold of them because the intimidated are to frightened to tell.

We, who live in Kenya, know them to be true because we live here.

They are a part of our daily lives and of the lives of our African friends wha confide in us.

“Kenyan”

-

_

-.

Chevron growth over the . last nine years

Engineers‘63 Win FloatTrophy

’

A

university

is

known

by

the

accomplishments

of

it

graduates.

A graduate is but an extension of the student Are you ever responsible for anything which, if done @ students

of

another

of the students

university,

of that

would

university?

BRENDAN

make

you

lose

respec

W. O’CONNOR, General Editor

’ The weekend was climaxed by dancing to the music of the George Kadwell Trio.

“Souvenirs’ from various floats were in evidence throughout the evening and the huge boot from the prizewinner served as a centrepiece oi the dance floor.

Needless to saq that the gym was packed.

In view of this, each couple was restrictec to a maximum dancing area oi two floor tiles.

A consequent rise in room temperature was recordec and a hot time was had by all!

As there seemed to be objet. tions, demolition of the gym’: west wall to admit the giant foot ball was not carried out.

The article in question was last seer being propelled in the direction o Waterloo Park by a herd o youngsters and looking more like a brown centipede than a football I should like to thank all thos who helped to make WAWAWEI a success.

Well done!

Let’s make next year’s football weekend eve, better.

-Glenn L. Hawley,

to know if thesttidents would be interested in h&f-hour film shows 1 on physics topici hi the Physics Amphitheatreduring the noon hour.

Show your interest by letting your Class Rep. or Physics firofessor know, or COmmUniCate directly with Dr. Reesor.

WAWAWEE Published by cations room.

The opinions

Managing Arts Sports

Editor-in-Chief: OLDHAM Associate GEORGE WELSH Engineering

Editor: Editor: Editor:

Annex those

JIM

JOHN Board

STIRRAT Photographers:

Editor: Editor:

OF A LOOFES

I enjoy being a servant.

As I am one of the lower forms of life on this campus (only);and you are of the highest form, I feel that it is my pleasure and privilege to be your servant and slave in any reasonable sense, for the remainder of this week, I, as a mere loofes, look up to you, sir, Big Brother, as a dog looks up to his master.

Of course I am dreaming hopefuly when I compare myself to a higher form of life as a dog.

When I look up and find a second year man calling me, I run like a crowd of frustrated girls would rush at a call from Elvis.

For you are to as Elvis is to girls. me, “a loofes”, I appreciate, really, being your servant for I too would like to become as intelectual and manly as you, if this is possible, and the only way I can see to obtain my high goal is to be under the influence of such intelects as Ted Takahashi. you.

Chairman

the Undergraduate Student Offices, expressed are

stated,

CONFESSION

students of thk 1, University of the individual

BRENDAN Circulation ADRIAN WALLACE RON

tkiversity of Waterloo, writers

of

Waterloo, PubliPhone S I X . 5-0571. unless otherwise

O’CONNOR Manager: WAYNE WEERHEIM Science Editor: PETER KRAWCZYK News Editor: IAN

PHILLIPS,

BRIAN

REID

POUNDER SHANTZ WATSON

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I : I

-Although

it may have looked like 10 o’clock Saturday morning in front of Honest Ed?. . .

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. S.it was only a group of eager students lining up for their first exam. The name of the game is let’s see how many kids we can fit in the gJ,rn. Who says students lose their individuality at this university ? Certainly not our registrar’s office. is1rraim1

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ALFRED KUNZ, DIRECTOR of MJs/c, ,. U. of W. (ext. 2439) Federation friday,

apt/

!

of Students

7 7, 7969 (9:6O)

c

7007

I 11

\

.

@lyGRI WATERLOO 280

CO-OPERATIVE

PHILLIP

ST.

RESIDENCE

WATERLOO,

INC. PHONE

ONTiRIO

578-2580 \

PURPOSE: Waterloo Co-operative Residence Incorporated is a residential community in which STUDENTS learning through the experiences of different kinds and types of people, provide low cost housing with personal and social freedom along with responsibility.

Opportunity and facilities for involvement and interaction within the framework of’ the Co-op and the Academr$ Community and Society.

Housing residence,

570 single students in II and Phillip St. complex.

detached

houses,

Hammarskjold

House

Half the Phillip St. project contains 64 apartments for married students and their families.

Presently over 24 different nations, representing a variety of races and cultural backgrounds, lend a pleasant international flavour to our community.

Property under management $53 7.000.00 annually.

Three kitchens employing week with students handling In addition ordinator tive.

now

totals

-$3,000,000.00

6 full-time the Sunday

to cooks, the office staff together with involvement

-cooks meals.

in summer society.-

for

conventions,

provide

of secretary, of students

WCRl’provides the ideal home for the wishes to influence his living environment.

Room es and

Operating

mature

seminars,

food

seven

bookkeeper, operate the responsible

guests

budget days

and coCo-opera-

student

from

a

other

who HAMMARSKJijLD HOUSE CO-OPERATIVE STUDENT RESIDENCE UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO

campus-

Apply early for fall term as rooms are all filled .on seniority basis July 1, 1969.

Date of member loan is the date used in seniority.

Member loan is applied as the first $25.00 paid after entry into Co-op.

Prior to Co-op functions best when a balanced en try application date applies. grouping is achieved.

An attempt is made to balance the group by limiting the number of students in any area to a mix of years faculties etc. with priority to the desires of the student where possible.

Experience is budgeting, food, purchasing, maintenance, gained in management, as well as learning to deal with people from a variety of backgrounds.

Buildings l/69.

all opened

in fall

and

Fees for operation

fall subject to revision results are forecast.

winter

68-69

by

Board

with of

-last

building

Directors

after

open

Jan

summer

I

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ROOM

OFFICE 280

Phillip

St.

4

ooms AIIotkd

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MONTHLY D. $40.00 s. $35.00 WEEKLY $15.00 DAI LY $3.00

7 days a week

Tel. 578-2580

is usually 3 their schedule

$57,000.00 our fee similar accommodation,

with all the attendant problems of management, Rapid expansion financing etc. have caused WCRI to go through a challenging year. lt is now planned to consolidate to some extent the operation, while taking time to scan carefully the future.

A real challenge awaits stud ents in future years.

Pattern of university residence life is being tested in WCRI. Students are demonstrating a mature responsible handling of their home during university years.

ROOM

and BOARD

TERM RATE Single Room $350.00 Double Room $325.00 -.

Student involvement wishes to involve hands of the student.

AND’OPERATED

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While paying municipal taxes of over to remain at least 25% below other the involvement of the Student.

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for FaM Term .luI

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For SUMMER Waiting I ist starting for Fall & Winter ‘69

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and ~crrrw tv JAMES CLAVELL TECHNICOLOR”

LCVE” at’=? 15 - 4:40 - 8:25 COMING TO DINNER” - 6:30 - IO:05

2ND WEEK

Aliens

Iast in drama

by Muriel DeGre brought the noon-drama series, as well as the year’s dramatic activity, to a thoughtful if not altogether satisfying close last week.

“Inn

For

Aliens”

‘St. Augustine-is reputed to have commented about Time : “I know what it is until you ask me.” After having been involved every day of the past fifteen years in a way of life called “theater,“ this reviewer is tempted to make the same remark about drama. Dramatic criticism is difficult with familiar plays, but new scripts provide a special madness. I ask you to indulge or to share that madness by approaching this new play not from the viewpoint of impressionistic criticism.

(Why should you give a damn whether or not I liked it?) This is a review written by a working theatre director.

Therein lies its only value.

One does not have to be overly gifted, to realize that a man-woman play which begins with the line, “I touch you,” and closes with “Does anybody give a damn?” attitude has something to say about this century’s greatest hand-up-non-communication.

The statements made were clear, simple, and far from avant-garde.

I am convinced that these simple statements were not the playwright’s purpose, that form was intended as the original dramatic statement, and somewhere along the line the dramatic form (or style) got lost, misplaced, or ignored.

I must. admit to having read the original script before seeing the production.

In the inn For Aliens I wish we had seen what the author specifically wrote: an abstract relationship, abstracting single

WHDPPINGEST CHILLER-D SPENSE FILMOFTHEMAL

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Phone 576-l 55 after 6 p.m.

’

m

2ND WEEK 7k

Hector Berlioz died in 1869, and in commemoration thereof, the Toronto Symphony Orchestra made a point of including two of that master’s most sensational works in its late-season offerings.

On the regular symphony schedule, there was the Damnation of Faust on March 26; and.one week later, the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir with various extras, including a somewhat augmented T.S.O., performed the Requiem in the U of T Varsity Arena. ’ When a Bethoven or Mozart centenary comes along, the world does not soon forget it-every snippet of those masters, right down to the dustiest corner of the bottommost drawer, must be brought out and performed, and probably acclaimed.

Berlioz is not as yet in this category (2003, the second centennial of his birth, is the next eligible date, for those interested 1, but the performance of two such mighty works on successive wednesdays puts him several notches above obscurity, at any rate.

The immediate subject of this review is the Requiem performance, conducted iy Elmek Iseler, whose leadership of the Toronto Festival Singers has brought him considerable and deserved acclaim.

Add to these two splendid choral groups the Orpheus Choir of Toronto and the BachElgar Choir of Hamilton, and you have a really redoubtable choral force of some 350 more-thancompetent singers. \ The orchestra was supplemented by what the elegant program (itself worth more than the 504 admission paid by impoverished students) referred to as “four brass bands”, which turns out to mean four small groups of brasses, totalling about twenty, stereophonically flanking the chorus, and by the celebrated tenor Leopold Simoneau.

Matters were not helped by the continued presence of a buzz, audible to us rich folk in the center and deafening to the underprivileged who had the misfortune to be sat right under the machine from which it emanated.

Nor, it seems to me, were they much helped by the relatively restrained performance.

The other and more spectacular project is to bring off the Dies lrae, Tuba Mirum sections which are no doubt the most memorable parts of the work.

UAM.WICIEReRAY STARK -

. t at/+ .’

/

Picture

r- : J

Best Actress Barbrvl Streisand

Plus 6- Other .a _ Nominations

/

shies

words to express an infinite variety of experience on the part of Man. Included in the stage directions were specific ideas on the use ot’ setting. costumchs. and properties which demanded an abstract style of acting.

It is true that good playS sometimes read poorly, that bad plays sometimes read well, and the proof of the pudding is in the production.

But a production which is unfaithful to the script’s needs leaves a great many unanswered questions.

Both actors (Leo Burns and Tessa Gillard) have been praised for their work in a realistic style of acting. Realism, however, was not what this script called for (Forget that I read the stage directions and just listen to the dialogue ), and we should have seen them working in a different style.

The poet-critic Elder Olson has said. “The use of a given dramatic form is in some sense a proposal to elicit a given kind of response. Every form has its peculiar powers and its peculiar limitations.

The form which is chosen must be one capable of producing the proposed response. and the choice of a given form is thus the most important technical decision which a writer can make.”

His comments can be extended to cover the production itself. If the play is to have its intended effect, it must be empowered to do so by the materials assembled in it and by the organization of these. This organization of production elements is, of course, the job of the director, and here is the great paradox.

The author who gave us our abstract form on paper chose to direct inn For Aliens realistically.

Requiem

I found the tempo a bit too quick here too. If you don’t start it off a bit on the slow side, you can’t accelerate and thus heighten the tension as things go on. And when the world is coming to the end, after all, it ought to be an occasion for tension, no?

It is time to stop seeming ungrateful.

Many sections of the work were done nearly to perfection.

In the Sanctus, for example, Mr. Simoneau’s silvery tenor contrasted beautifully with the quiet multitude of the chorus; the celebrated passages where three flutes play against eight trombones in the Hostias were thrillingly mysterious ; and Lacrymosa, perhaps the second high point of the piece, was most moving. Throughout, the standard of instrumental and choral performance was very high indeed, as we have come to expect in the last few seasons.

Which brings me to a more general subject close to my heart: perhaps many students at Uniwat are unaware that a mere seventy miles down the street, we have one of North America’s fine orchestras performing frequently, and at reasonable prices. 1 ” The Toronto Symphony is not,

superb as it was a decade or so back, a so-so “provincial” ensemble.

While it is not the Philadelphia Orchestra (and who is, after all?), it is b splendid and professional group. giving consistently excellent sound day in and day out through a long and demanding season. They hold in Massey Hall, a curious remnant of the Victorian era with no bars or miscellaneous aesthetic pizzazz of the sort that distinguishes Montreal’s Place des Arts; but the acoustics is decent. especially up in the cheap gallery seats. Last year we gallery denizens paid fifteen bucks for twelve concerts, the other 75~ or so of the actual cost of performance being paid for by the Canada Council.

Metro.

Hon. .J. Robarts esq.. and miscellaneous well-heeled members of the bourgeoisie.

This is a stunning bargain, and one which we’d be well advised to take advantage of. Why couldn’t a bus go down every Wednesday from the campus Center. say’!

People might find it a welcome relief from the fuzzy-thuddy rounds of the R-R. bands, cuz the sound down there at Massey Hall is mighty clean, man, clean.

Amen?

Well fans, its spring, just as I predicted.

And this is the term’s last issue of Canada’s best college newspaper.

If you don‘t believe that. and you probably don’t, come and look at the others.

I guess even I could make a few predic.tions for next year. On September 13, 960 people will move into. the half of Habitat that they’ve rushed to comfiletion.

Everything will be in order by Homecoming (Oct. 29-nov.

2), and everyone will settle down for a long winter’s sleep. HA! When things get chilly in november, people will wait several minutes for hot showers. In january, they will all move out. There will be no hot, or cold water, and the contractors will come to fix things. Their main objective will be to move the water pipes from the outside walls. You may doubt that hot water will freeze.

Well, last december I was in Northern B.C. and had hoses with very hot water running out of them FREEZE in my hands, at 25 below. Even pipes -with 100 pounds of steam pressure flowing through them froze solid; And air lines. They expect it on the oil rigs. But do we have to expect such bungling on the part of the a& ministration when they railroad a residence through as they did with Habitat. I suggest that the place be avoided unless you like moving in the winter.

Well I guess that’s enough. As you go away from the summer. and find there really is a job shortage like the radicals have been predicting all year, and that the shortage covers a lot more than students, try and find out why. Maybe capitalism and imperialism really don’t work. Good luck.

Love Maudie

friday,

aprit

7 7, 7969 (9:So)

7003

13

N J vari

f

OF 1905 200 delegates, working class organ

together in Chicago, Illiaaois to ment that would offer workers a the conservative, processional-oriented craft ~~~o~isrn of the ‘4m~rica~ ~ed~rat~~~ of Labor (Al? The keg speakers included Eugene V. Wi Socialist Party of America. aywood of the Western federation of Nliners. r” Mary Jones a little white haired Ilady of 75 who had been a militant labour orgamizer for more than fifty years.

- Other delegates included Daniel De Leon. a Nlarxellectuaf. and leader af the Socialist Labor Party: A.M. ~irno~s? editor of the ~~ter~atio~a~ Socialist ~~evie~~~; Charles 0. ~~errna~. general secretary of the United M

) uld be arrested and “immorality“, “Back of patriotism”, or “ ning to business”. nd speaker would take his place and co~ti~ue the talk. He would be arrested.

A third would follow. In a few days more than a hundred would be in jail. Then, the word of what happehed would leak out via the *‘grapevine” of bobs jungles. and every ly” (a nickname for an l[WW member f for hundreds miles around would hop a freight to take his place on the soapbox and eventuallly in the jail.

At the end of one month, more than 600 Wobblies

of

the

firin

squad

over

ban

all demand separate ummed up more than ite a while. Between

cateurs hired ess interests.

E violence (t bad to fight pyise that many rna~t~r~ were born. orkers

Hi19 chose

%n such a climat back) it’s 9.3~ sur-

the least

ssessim QP the ~a~~~ ad f&e ~~~~~j~~cry of ~~Q~~~~~j~~ and a~~~j§~ th? wage ~~~~~~. cF This ~~~~lita~t, ~~c~rn~rorn~si~g stance a~~tomat~cal~ ruling class ly pitted the fledgling IWW against t organi~irrg and the state which responded to % with legal and physical repression. h EN%. on the West coast. the IWW conducted ti series of “Free Speech”’ fights.

An organize The pattern was standard. l\TW would mount a soapbox in and talk to workers about the 0

two

songs and one

s a Wobbly ~rga~~~~r and at the same time he wrote songs for the union. IKn fact, he wrote a good ~~rnber of the union songs which have been sung on ‘picket lines for the last fifty years.

EM he was framed on a murder charge in Salt Lake City, IJtah, and wa executed before a firing squad ite two protests Prom the Swed-

arched

overpowered

and

past

the union. hall,

shots

a gallant fight the wobblier were chased from the union hall. A

Joseph Ettor and ~rt~lro ~i~va~iQtt~, two I ers as ac~~~~orie~. ground this same time, several r;ticlas of dynamite were found in three kxati s in the ~~w~e~~~ area.

IIt Turner out that Ernest ittman, a local contractOr, COnfWxki. to the District ~tt~~~e~ that the arnite ~ra~e~~~ ’ had been ~~a~ne~ in the 0 S Of the Lawrence textile c~r~~~~ti~~§. the strike had drawn such notDebs and ~l~za~et~ Gurley Flynn into the fray.

The title of public opinion had also shifted to f;avor the strikers.

Finally, on arch I, the ernplogers ca~~tul~te~.

T%e strike was won. Ettor and Giovanetti were acNew Jerse was also a wing activity where 1907.

sible charges

of treason

and sabotage. hea~~ua~t~~~ were frequent rest were not uric hit its peak in HI9 Palmer Raids when its way into %WW offices, arrested the ed files, smashed bresses and ~ur~~~t~~e a lg ran ~0~~~~~~~ over the con~t~t~~t~~~. ran into the t~~usa~~~. In effect the I&V smashed.

2% further ~~~~~icate matters. the bitter faction afresh. The socialists on the one hand iticali ali~~~e~t of the IWW with a arguing that political action

ceder of the silk intrade unwon and leftestablished itself in

revival

~~~~a~ter~ze~

e are

not

looking

for

charged Joseph Caruso f Anna Lopezzi and nab-

~e~~etuall~ their ~outh~ this rt the I[ ~~~ou~hout een Lander

both

Lawrence

and Pater

into the mills had to sing. ” ’ kind of ~~eno~enon

waked which

and

opened

characterized these student4

the gears contil

of Wsrld

of the One

War 1, the NW __

had

iversity of ~~~terloo. None of ters ~o~~re~eu~~ a total stratbut they all1 seem willing to

HOMELY

HOUSEHOLD

HINTS

Test Anxiety,exam panic, campus hysteria, whatever you want to call it, is a common phenomenon this time of year. The symptoms have become an identifiable syndrome: the disheveled clothing, red-rimmed-distracted eyes, acute acne, rumpled chocolate bar wrappers, irregular meal hours and the all-nightcram sessions. One hopes not the “bennies.”

The disease appears to be socially acceptable and epidemic. What then are the chances for a cure?

It depends on what emotional investment the student has in clinging to his hysteria. In other words the reasons for wanting to gamble with chances for success or failure on a final egam may be as deep-seated as the gambler’s or alcoholic’s reasons for self-destructive behaviour. Would you believe that there are students who find academic achievement so simple that to create excitement in their dull, scholastic life they calculate! the exact amount of effort needed to gain their minimum standard grade?

O.K. that’s not you. You have been a reasonably conscientious student but this year has been demanding of all your resources to “keep up”. There ‘were so many distractions that all those good resolutions to organize your time just dissolved. Now the tomorrow you promised yourself to do your work is here! But it’s impossible. There’s too much to do.

Hold on. You’ve made it this far and your destiny is really more in your hands than it is easy to admit. But you’ve learned one thing: procrastination can be more fatiguing than work.

So draw up your exam schedule and do a “critical path” study for each subject. That’s how “EXPO” got built when they said it couldn’t be done. Work backwards from the exam date allotting definite time slots for specific subjects. Then spend your first study period in each subject outlining the major divisions in your subject and assign these to the retiaining periods.

Now you know you will cover the course and how much or little time you’ll have for detail.

Assemble all materials related to your course-notes, texts, supplementary reading-and make an active, organized attack.

Predict the probable question for each section. You probably can predict at least some questions correctly.

Make charts, diagrams, summaries or whatever is appropriate to ‘package the information.

This package is for your final cram session.

But who is this wonderfully-functioning machine that’s performing all these organizationar miracles?

Like man-1 can’t even get off the sack until lunch time.

If you’ve been operating all year on that schedule then your bioldgical mechanism will probably take a few days to adjust if you change; so your first decision in this whole thing is what ‘time-zone you want to be in. If you live in a group then its probably wise to adopt ta group time standard. It’s easier to get fed, sleep and study that way. And you’re not going to take? that magnificent machine YOU into the final race without the best conditioning job possible after the abuses-well; let’s not think of that. Just think what high-octane fuel before the tank is empty, regular highway runs to keep charged, and garaging at night will do. O.K. so it’s stretching the analogy but really, isn’t it true, we’ll pay more attention to our car than our own physical needs‘? So put that in your time-table: meals, rest and recreation, and be sure not to skip. The rewards in vitality and performance are direct and immediate.

Who’re you talkin’ to? I can do all those things and still roll into an exam and freak out.

You’re tense for an exam‘? Good. That’s a sign you’re finelytuned. But make it work for you. Twelve hours before an exam limit your study to an overview-major points only. Don’t discuss possible questions with anyone just before going in to write. Read the whole exam paper and organize your time according to what you judge to be the marking scheme. Do those questions first and quickly that you know best. Be sure you answer the question! Take a couple of minutes to outline your answer.

If the question asks you to compare don’t just contrast. “To criticize” is simply “to discuss”. Legibility and organization can’t help but make a difference to your grade.

Ob.iective type questions require careful reading. Go through answering those you know definitely, and don’t change your answer unless YOU misread the question. If there are no penalties for incorrect answeirs you have nothing to lose by “guessing”.

You have been exposed to the subject-matter SO your guess may be an “educated” one.

When you are completely “blank” on a question try “wordassociation”.

On scrap paper write any word relating to the topic that occurs to you, and another suggested by it and so on with no thought of organization.

This is like “priming the pump”.

Hopefully you can now+organize some kind of answers to the question. This technique keeps you active during the exam and doesn’t let the well run dry so that panic can set in. In an absolute emergency, write on something related to the question-it may be closer than you think.

Don’t forget to breathe! You’re kidding! It’s true. One of the side-effects of tension is constriction of the breathing passages, hence reduction of oxygen in the brain cells and a “foggy-head”.

I wouldn’t advise a major dramatic presentation of Yoga but a few quiet deep breaths may be just the “breathing spell” need-6 ed to get into high gear again.

If, in addition to the trauma of exams, you are suffering from the general resistance of the student body to the examination system just spare a moment of’ sympathy for the profs under this svstem. They have to organize your course for you, ask then try to determlne nom that the significant questions, brilliant paper you wrote whether you know anything about the subject. Multiply that. Man, where will you be in the balmy days of May? And the prof?

Think of the brave new world of no exams. You will really be making it on your own then. Maybe the questions will be more relevant-maybe!

Perhaps the subject matter will be more absorbing.

But, baby, there won’t be those forgiving finals, those “last-chance fill-er-up” stations. You’ll have to make it every day in every way. And it will be wonderful to be fully human using all your capacities.

But now is one step on the way.

THE ARTS LIBRARY HAS COPIES OF: Study in Depth, Doris Wilcox Gilbert HOW TO Study Better And Get Higher Marks, Eugene Joan

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The swinging

prof

I Uniwat

by David

dilemmas:

Kirk

sociology professor and Chevron staff

_

-

For a decade or so the universiti& of North America have been under fire from student critics.

It has increasingly become a major challenge, and the question is now what the universities can and will do in response. We have seen what many of them have done: there has been consultation, there has been negotiation, but there has seldom been a lessening of tensions.

Perhaps the contrary is the case. In this article I want to ldok through sociological eyes at the issues, report what it is I see, and attempt to respond as constructively as I know how.

The student challenge began as a critique of particulars within the organization of the university; it questioned large classes and other mechanical modes of instruction ; it decried rigidity in course contents and examinations; it called for genuine education rather than professionalism.

Of late the focus has shifted from particuPrimary Groups (informal Relations) Regulated by Tradition, Custom, and Consensus.

I ntrignsic, Absolute Values

t System of Values That Motivate Men to Action

I nstrumental, Expediencyoriented Values

The

Sociological If human DIAGRAM

relationships

how be regulated.

Such regulati_o; may derive from-traditional beliefs or from customary tiays of life. Tradition and custom can provide social order only where there is a sense of community. an implicit agreement on common goals and means. Where such conditions do not obtain, formal, explicit rules ctin and do regulate relations among men with widely different interests and outlook. This kind of social relationship we call formal or complex.

In te?ms of these opposing patterns of regulation of social life we note a dilemma: How shall we organize our social relations‘?

Shall we depend on formal rules or on informal Social controls?

There is a second set of opposing forces. and these have to do with the question of how men e\,aluate thei objectives.

TO the things we desire and undert:jke to reach we can attach either absolute. intrinsic value. or we can treat them instrumentally. that is in terms of expediency. their utility. The affection we have for a friend, a spouse. a child is typicallv motivated bv the intrinsic value that the person has ‘t.or us. in contrast. we have regard for a book or a tool because thev have particular utility. though we may also like the design.

People tend to have instrumental value in the context of the work they do, that is. for the process of production one can speak of a good as against a poor worker.

Here too we have a delemma but a more subtle one than the previous between different modes of regulation of social life. Our dilemma is what value we shali place on our actions and on the people involved with us : what shall motivate us. the intrinsic value of a I:lan or his utility?

Concepts are to endure

’

they must

some-

Complex Organizations Regulated

by Formal Rules

A

Mode of Regulation of Social Organization

>

seek redress for their condition in primary groups of similarly affected people. United through a “coI;Isciousness of king,” these groups generate action that gives the semblance of power through group participation frequently directed at frustrating the intentions ’ of the bureaucracy that has given them the sense of powerlessness.

.ti

The \

t

rational orientation of managerial technoligy tends to see the solution to problems of “pseudo-participation” or By permitting, or even foster“pseudo-autonomy.” ing, the involvement of the powerless in limited decision-making, but only in matters that do not ’ threaten the powers of the managerial elite, cooptation is sought. This organizational adaptation therefore seeks to come to grips with the pressure of the powerless for power, by seeking to engineer their consent, i.e. by making them believe that ’ they have a real share in decision-making when in fact they do not.

Case

to Proposal

I start with the premise that the organization of the university of necessity involves an unequal distribution of power. I hold further that any attempt to make it appear that this is not so is either a swindle or will lead to the -disappearance of disciplined learning. May I suggest that we return mentally to our showing in quadrant Al the unfirst diagram, iversity bureaucracy with its ‘%nequal distribution of opportunities to decide on and initiate action” and iti quadrant A2 the students banding together, trying to find among themselves what the university organization cannot give them.

Now I have a proposal that may seem altogether reactionary at first sight. I propose that we keep in our separate quadrants for a while. the university teachers and administrators in Al and the students in A2. Let me propose that each work at

Al

Efficiencyeriented, technology-informed, social prganizations are typically controlled by formal rules and governed along hierrarchial lines (bureaucracies.) The hierarchial mode of coordination inherent in bureaucracy implies an “unequal distribution of opportunities to decide on and inititate action, whether one’s own or others”‘.

Persons who in such organizations have few or no opportunities to make decisions are thus relatively deprived of the autonomy element that has been traditionally thought of as part of the role of adults, especially males. Such persons typically think of themselves as powerless.

A3 There uljon, the instrumental,

The preceding @agrams suggest the sources and consequences of the challenge that has come to the uni;ersities during the past decade. Originally oriented toward particular critique, its main themes were “bureaucratic administration” and “student powerlessness. ’ ’ Universities not being all-rotten, selfseeking mechanisms at the beck and call of the administrators military-industrial complex, the and professors besought themselves and sought accommodations.

7 bus a wide variety of organizational changes were !ried, culminating in student participation in university administration.

But these changes were, perhaps correctly, interpreted as attempts at co-optation.

The student leadership in the radical camp increasingly clamoured for ideological rather than mere organizational changes.

The university, however, cannot respond at that level. It is traditionally committed to relative neutrality, to universalism of interests.

Because it is so committed it can and does serve some interests that are inimical to humanist values.

Here is an alternate interpretation of the finding that the modern university accepts funds from, and indeed serves in part, the military-industrial complex.

The student radicals are, in terms of the preceding diagram, somewhere between Bl and B2. They are shaping up a radical ideology in the very process of organizing their ranks. The attacks on the university are in part organizational tactics.

If the university is portrayed as a reactionary roadblock to a truly humane society, such stereotyping will provide justification for a variety of illiberal actions. Such actions are the soil within which totalitarianism grows.

.

and proposal

A2 Powerless persons typically

University

Analysis

analysis

lar organizational complaints.

Increasingly the university as a whole is being indicted as a tool of the power elites. Increasingly one hears that the present pattern which we call the university is hopelessly archaic and that it must yield to an institution more appropriate to the needs of our time. Unfortunately no mention has been made of the pattern that is to replace the university as we know it.

Global critique is not likely to lead to productive dialogue. But then I suspect that this is precisely its function: I suspect that the leadership of certain radical student groups would at this time prefer to consolidate its organization, for which inimical and rigid positions be- ’ come useful. But I am running ahead of myself. I want to engage in a more general analysis of the situation of the university, and for this I need to introduce some elementary sociological concepts.

Primary Groups (informal relations) Regulated by Tradition, Custom, and Consensus, Intrinsic Absolute Values

DIAGRAM c

Analytic

B

Mode of Regulation of Social Organization

fails, the consciousness of kind among the the dispossessed is likely to be increased and the groundwork is laid for a social movement. Social movements typically project a better future for deprived and powerless pe?dle.

The programmes of social movements become transformed into ideologies wherein the destiny of the group is projected. \

ional (bureaucratic) organization, totalitarianism has come Into being, Unlike rational bureaucracy, the institutiqns of totalitarianism are not by concerns with efficiency and utility, but by ideologies of destiny for the fulfilmpnt of which any means are proper, /

B2 But ideology in itself is unable to fulfil the &

I

I nstrumental, Expediencyoriented Values

making the university a place where eventually a dialogue between the two groups can fruitfully take place. _ As previously indicated, when you are in formal organiza tions and your membership is heterogenous you are best served by having formal rules govern the behaviour of the participants.

The first part of my proposal is therefore that we speedily get down to the business of working out a set of formal rules of conduct for members of the university. faculty, students. and administration.

Let these rules spell out clearly what may and what may not be done including in protest and in civil disobedience, and at what point we cease to be members of the same university society.

Let these rules be made with students. but if their cooperation cannot be obtained, the rules must be made all the same. Rules. while they will restrict us, will also free us to establish a civil society within which justice and orderly change predominate.

If quadrant Al is the area of formal rules plus instrumental values. in A2 there is the, primary group plus intrinsic values. I have suggested that students might stay in that area for some time, because I see it in their power to create a revitalizing centre for the university.

The fellowship of students

Complex Organizations Regulated by Formal Rules

l-

B3 When ideoligical forces come to dominate rat-

Bl When co-optation

System of Values That Motivate , Men to Action

Schema

To analyze the dilemmas of the university I shall make use of these two alternative patterns of acting and place them each on an axis. When the two axes are set at right angles to each other we obtain four quadrants or “areas” within we see certain aspects of the human drama enacted.

We shall make use of two diagrams.

The first points to the situation of men in formal organizations and the pressures and disabilities they encounter t,here. That is quadrant Al. Reading its content we can sympathize with the desire of these men to escape into quadrant A2. Butwe recall that the complex organization has instrumental interests. and we find that it seeks to draw men into quadrant A3. a form of co-optation.

.

prophesy of the group’s projected destiny, In order to hasten the fulfilment of the prophesy of the group’s collective destiny, the leadership seeks to organize the group increasingI< along formal linei, producing what Weber called the “routinization of chairisma,” or Michels the “iron law of oligarchy,” The strain between Bl and B2, i,e, between primary group relations and oligarchy can only be reduced by either (a) subordinating ideology to organization or (b) by keeping ideology dominat in spite of the existing bureaucracy,

who feel their own problems as relatively powerless men and women in society can think and feel more realistically than some others about the problems of the dispossessed and the calamities facing our world. I propose that students consider the creation of a brain trust that will make for rational social change by building models with which government. universities. and industry can be stimulated into action. Some students. for instance, have beeil concerned with the plight of Canada’s indigenous peoples. Might there not come from the intelligence and vitality of students a variety of problem-solving models? These models need not remain abstract. but student activism. once channelled into such dynamic directions. might take a hand at action researches and political organization.

I hope that none will interpret these remarks as either an attempt at cooptation or at simply deflecting student activism as it at present exists.

It is because-I seek. wit,h all of you. a university of order ,and of vitality. that I propose here both unambiguous rules and a vital centre for the crea&ve espression of student intelligence and action. With order we may be able to teach our students. With a vital centre for student action. the university may yet bc transformed into the institution capable of social reconstruction. frida y, april

7 7, 7969 (9: 50)

7007

17

.

M

But do university employees know how wages are controlled?

Or why they can’t get unemployment insurance? Or how unfair the staff election for the presidential search committee was?

The Grand Valley Personnel Association (GVPA) is the cause of the wage controls.

Composed of the personnel managers of the local corporations such as Savage Shoe, Westinghouse, Electrohome, Waterloo Trust and Savings, B. F. Goodrich, Uniroyal, Budd Automotive, Mutual Life and including the University of Waterloo, the association takes a yearly survey of various job classifications.

It determines the minimum, maximum, and the average wage for each job. The university pays the average.

Because unions at B. F. Goodrich and Budd Automotive settled for 26 percent and 17 percent raises last year, the university realized they had fallen behind the area average and gave a 6 percent pay increase january 1,1969.

“The two big settlements were the sole reason for our january increases”, ,said administration personnel director Ernie Lucy.

Will there be the 6 percent or 7 percent increase in july many employees are expmting:!

When asked whether unions or groups of employees are ever consulted in the determination of the minimum and maximum levels, Chuck Cline, assistant to Lucy, and president of the GVPA, gave a brisk “no comment.”

The wage increases at Waterloo are called “cost of living increases.”

The rationale is that prices are increasing as a result of increased wages. In fact, the reverse is true. Prices are rising and the economy requires increased wages or increased consumer buying power to buy goods at higher prices. Moreover, wage increases should be given because people deserve them, not because the university is above or below the results of a survey done by the GVPA or because people will buy more television sets.

“It just isn’t fair, it isn’t right,” was the reaction of one janitor to the GVPA . survey:

Food-services

We hear very little about ‘Worker special report describes the conditions the University of Waterloo-wages, and what is being communications-

Power.’

The following facing employees at working conditions and done to change those

conditions.

by Alan Special

The man mopping the floor in the campus center, how much is he paid? The woman serving your supper, is she happy in her work? The technician, setting up his lathe for your engineering project, is his job meaningful and creative or is he there because he is forced to be? The secretary, typing your geography exam’, could she not give an opinion at the departmen t meeting?

The University of Waterloo with 1200 staff (not including faculty) is the second largest employer in the Kitchener-Waterloo area. It is also, the largest employer of non-unionized labor. The Canadian

18 1008

the Chevron

Story to the

Chevron

Union of Public Employees (local 793) represents about 200 employees in physical-plant and planning. Twenty technicians are members of the Civil Service Association of Ontario; it plans to expand into food services, the Village, laboratory and clerical employees.

On the surface conditions at Waterloo aren’t too bad. The fringe benefits are competitive, the working conditions are generally pleasant and employees have a fair degree of job security.

“It’s certainly better than the group premium section of Mutual Life,” said a young secretary.

\

It doesn’t take a GVPA to keep wages low in the food-service industry; their wages have always been at the bottom of the labor market.

The university’s 150 food-service employees are no exception.

Waitresses and food-service assistants earn $1.51 per hour or $56.62 per week (before deductions. ) Head waitresses, food-service supervisors and assistant cooks can earn up to $2 per hour while the head cook makes $2.23 per hour or $83.63 per week. He is responsible for feeding up to 500 students.

“We pay above the local average,” said food-services manager Bob Mudie. The also above working conditions are average for the restaurant industry and we have few complaints according to Mudie.

In the summer when only summer school and co-op students are on campus, some of the cafeterias are closed down and a number of food-service employees are laid off.

“Anyone, up to the head cook, can be laid off, ” said Mudie. “However, we keep employees on as long as it is economically possible. ” The employees know about the layoff period when they are hired, according to Mudie. When the layoffs actually come they get at least one month’s notice. But they are not protected by unemployment I insurance.

Fortunately, for both the employees and food-services, many of the married women voluntarily take extra long vacations to be home with their children. This considerably reduces the number of forced layoffs.

The village Conditions in the Village are quite similiar to food-services-low wages, summer layoffs, older workers and, according to the supervisors “no need for a union.”

“Our people are treated like real human beings, ” said Stan Jones, Village staff superintendent.

In a condemnation of all unions, Jones said, “Our workers don’t want to pay a monthly salary (dues) to some white-

collar bureaucrats who don’t help them any. ” Cleaning ladies are paid $1.51 per hour and housekeepers $1.83 per hour. Night porters and janitors, both salaried positions, start at $351 and $313 per month respectively.

Although the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) local on campus is not the most aggressive at contract time, it is interesting -to compare the starting salary of a unionized physical-plant and planning janitor and a non-unionized .

Village j anitor .

After 30, june 1969, when presumably a new CUPE contract will be signed-( the union is pushing for at least a 6 percent increase to match the 6 percent increase of january 1 given all other university employees) a CUPE janitor will be earning $387 per month, $74 per month more than a Village janitor.

Some Village janitors and cleaning ladies are laid off during the summer.

Habitat ‘69 employees will be laid off in greater numbers in the summer of 1970.

“We allow them as much vacation as possible, ” said Jones. But again. employees who are not taking extended vacations and want to work are not protected by unemployment insurance. _ It is not surprising that Jones claims he has few complaints and that the workers are satisfied. Most Village employees are over 50- “We like them at that age.” said Jones-and hence keeping their jobs is crucial.

Many are unskilled or semiskilled and are locked into their jobs.

Moreover, few have large savings and they would feel the pinch of dismissal almost immediately.

“If we had a union, unemployment insurance would be something to fight for,” said an older janitor who may be laid off.

1 Under section 4 of the Unemployment Insurance Act, persons employed “in a hospital not operated for gain or in a charitable institution” are not insurable.

The university is classed, under a highly questionable decision, as a charitable institution.

However, a later clause states “all the employees of a hospital or charitable institution who are in insurable categories may be insured with the consent of the employer and the concurrence of the Unemployment Insurance Commission. ” “Unemployment insurance was not deemed necessary at Waterloo,” said personnel’s Chuck Cline.

However, it was deemed necessary at Resurrection College and St. Jerome’s College and their employees are protected. At the University of Windsor, all food-service, maintenance and housekeeping employees who are part of a union bargaining unit are protected.

The university pays both the employee and employer portion.

Admittedly all employees, especially highly trained technicians and tradesmen, may not need or want the benefits of unemployment insurance.

However, $55,000 is an estimate of how much it would cost the university to annually provide acrossthe-campus coverage badly needed by the more vulnerable employees in a system which, by its seasonal nature, must lay off people.

One woman admitted that she was being ‘exploited’ but then said that university secretaries don’t need an association.

The women in the library also expressed a variety of opinions about the wages and working conditions.

PhysicaLplant \planning

and

Most employees of PP and Pare members of CUPE. The wage scale is as follows: janitors $2.11, laborers and groundsmen $2.23, servicemen ‘a’ category I (carpenters, painters. locksmiths, garage mechanics, and other craftsmen) $2.86, and servicemen ‘A’ category II (plumbers, electricians, masons and other tradesmen) $3.14.

Obviously these wages are below comparative wages in construction, for example, but a number of the men cannot take the rigors of the outdoor work and have been forced to seek indoor work.

CUPE’s next contract comes due 30 june 1969. Tom Collar, president of the

local, says they will be pushing for at least a 6 percent increase.

Some of the rank and file suggest it should be made retroactive to the first of january when other university employees got an increase.

Technical, and library

clerical

The approximately 130 technicians on campus are paid a variety of wages.

They range from $370 per month to $660 per month for a technician III. The technicians, most of ‘whom are highly trained, feel the wages are “very average” and consequently there is a high turnover.

More than 300 clerical employees of various types are on the payroll of the‘ university.

Since very few clerical workers are unionized, the wages offered by the university are fairly competitive with non-campus employees.

The starting salary for a grade ten graduate or less is $223 per month. A grade twelve graduate can expect $254 per month to start.

Promotion to a secretary I will earn $373 per month; secretary II’s or ‘super secretaries’ can earn $41-3per month.

Secretaries have differing opinions about the working conditions.

“Girls coming out of highschool expect too much money.”

“We are lucky here-the professors treat us very well. But, of course, this varies very much from department to department. ” “The wages aren’t anywhere near adequate. ” “The departments are expanding but the number of secretaries is not increasing at the same ratio.”

Most said that generally the atmosphere in the library was pleasant but felt wages were somewhat out of line.

Little financial credit is given to employees with degrees; For example, at the circulation desk, degree and non-degree employees receive the same wages, according to one woman. In the cataloging set tion, several professional librarians said there should be a larger wage difference between graduate and non-graduate employees.

Approximately 125 persons are employed in the library.

At the University of Toronto, this was the first section of the clerical staff to be organized.

Library employees at the University of Guelph are already members of the Civil Service Association of Ontario.

The present and future unions It is in the lab, technical and clerical sections that the CSAO will be concentrating at Waterloo.

A full-time organizer is working with the CSAO local.

Established in early October, the branch has 20 technicians.

When more than half of the technicians join, it will proceed to certification of the bargaining unit and attempt to sign a contract with the university.

Membership will be spread to other eligible sections.

What kind of union will the Civil Service Association of Ontario be at Waterloo? Some crucial lessons can- be learned from the history and operation of the CUPE local at Waterloo.

The University of Waterloo employees union (local 793 of CUPE) was established nine years ago by about 15 - tradesmen and janitors.

These employees of the then-new university felt they needed the protection and bargaining power only a union can offer. It presently represents 200 employees of PPandP in a union shop-voluntary membership, compulsory dues.

But CUPE did not expand into other areas of the campus such as food-services, .the Village, the library or the ’ technical shops .when these areas opened up with university expansion.

“We are making no move to get members for the union from other parts of the university,” said local president Tom Collar.

This means that today only 200 of a possible 1200 employees are organized.

The union is under _serious fire from the membership-for some of its other policies.

-

A former _ president of the local said there was a definite lack of pressure applied during contract negotiations and he wondered whose side the leaders were on.

“They don’t fight hard enough for higher -wages or better communications,” he said.

He criticized the lack of a labour education program and the fact that the local is not a member of the K-W labour council.

This janitor feels dissatisfaction is fairly widespread, especially among fellow janitors.

Collar does say the local has ‘very good relations’ with the university.

Personal director Lucy also‘ called relations excellent but labelled CUPE a “pretty sophisticated outfit.”

Another janitor in the math building claims the leadership “doesn’t know the conditions of all workers in the unit” and hence can’t bargain effectively.

Coupled with the fact that the tradesmen and janitors work different shifts and hence find it difficult to meet, there has been serious talk of splitting the local. However, a CUPE official has smoothed over the problems, at least temporarily.

An even more damaging criticism of the CUPE local is that in its contract with the university, it recognizes the legitimacy of the Grand Valley Personnel Association job surveys and accepts them as a basis for wage controls.

Under the section entitled ‘Second Year Increase’ the contract states: “It is agreed that the second year increase will not be less than 5 percent for each classification, or according to the formula as set forth below, whichever is higher. ” The formula is the GVPA survey.

Obviously, a good union would not be tied to such’ a system of bargaining over which it has no control.

The above comments may frighten some employees away from the idea of a union or association.

However, if the rank and file have a real voice in union affairs and the union retains its independence, there can be no other method to increasewages substantially, promote better communications and process grievances fairly.

What do employees in the clerical, technical, and library sections think of some type of association or union? ~ “I was told I was starting at the highest wage possible. Now I find out I was only at the middle of my grade. An association could help me.”

“A union is the last thing we need on this campus. ” “An association could help degree employees in the library get more financial credit.”

“I’ve never really considered the idea.”

Fringe

benefits

“Historically universities have had better benefits than the industrial community, ’ ’ said Lucy, explaining the fringe benefits package that he is obviously proud of.

Indeed, the university provides a broad range of benefits for its employees. But, in talking with employees, many expressed the idea that they really had no participation in formulating fringe benefits policy.

All employees of the university belong to the university pension plan. 6 percent of the employees’ gross earnings goes into the university plan and the Canada Pension Plan. This is matched by the university.

Pension coverage is based on the best five years of the last ten.

The cost of life insurance is also shared equally by the employee and the uriiversity. Benefits are based on a descending scale from 2.5 times annual salary at age 35 to 1.5 times annual salary at age 55 and to retirement.

University - employees get 30 days of sick leave after one day’s work plus one day per month to a maximum of 180 days. After 90 days sickness, university employees are eligible for “the longterm salary continuance.”

These payments amount to 60 percent of base earnings and continue to recovery or to retirement.

Again the cost of this benefit is shared by the university and

...

Cleaning. . _. .

the employees, the latter share being 0.28 percent of monthly salary.

Group sickness and accident insurance is optional to the employee and the university pays the premiums.

All medical fees are paid according to current Ontario Medical Association rates.

All employees except married women who are covered in their husband’s plan, must join Ontario Hospital Services.

Premiums are shared by the university and the employees if the latter is enrolled in the sickness and accident plan.

All employees are covered by Workmen’s Compensation.-.

In summary, the university and the employee share the cost of four benefits and the university pays the full cost of two. Whether another union could improve on this remains to be seen.

There was some rank and file criticism that CUPE had been able to do nothing to improve the benefits situation, either financially or in policy matters.

Good or bad communications When discussing the reason for only one certified bargaining unit on campus, Lucy said, “Staff frequently do have a voice in how the university runs.”

He called communications between staff and administration “good.”

But are communications as good as Lucy asserts?

“People are being pushed aroundfrom building to building and from shift to shift-and not being told why,” said one janitor who has worked at the university for three years. In those three years he has been moved five times.

The staff elections to the search committee for a new administration president are also examples of communication breakdowns.

It was an excellent idea to have staff participation in picking a new president but in the implementation of the election, something went wrong. In fact a number of employees expressed contempt, puzzlement and even ignorance when questioned about the election.

It was decided last fall that the staff would have two representatives on the committee.

After conferring with the treasurer and the personnel director, operations vicepresident Al Adlington decided to have an election and split the staff into two constituencies.

One was to be for 10 percent of the staff. (the supervisors) and the other one for the remaining 90 per cent (all employees below the position of supervisor. ) In the actual election, Bill *Lobban, PPandP director, won over 14 other candidates in the first category; Kay Hie-

A.

bert, secretary to the treasurer, won the right to represent the other 90 percent over six other administration secretaries.

691 employees voted.

The employees had a variety of reactions to the election: “The election was a sham! ” “The best people won.”

“I didn’t know any of the candidates.”

“With the split constituency system, I couldn’t vote for the person I wanted to.”

Technicians, food-service workers, trades and maintenance workers didn’t have a candidate to vote for.

Lucy called it “a truly ‘democratic lelection. ” However, most of the electors didn’t know the candidates.

There were no real issues, only personality contests. 10 percent of the employees had the same voting power as 90 percent of the employees.

In short, the election could hardly be called an example of “participatory democracy. ” On other committees, such as the parking appeals board, this same communication breakdown was evident.

There is one permanent and two alternate members from the staff on the committee. All are appointed by the personnel director.

When interviewed, no member of the staff we contacted could name one of the three representatives.

Besides this committee, investigations should be commenced on exactly what contribution employees could make at departmental policy meetings.

Several technicians in engineering felt that the staff could give some insights into the running of the faculty.

The issue to keep in mind when discussing staff representation on committees, and indeed wages and fringe benefits, is enunciated in a CSAO organizing pamphlet.

“Don’t you agree?-That the vital educational function of a university depends upon those people who support the teaching staff as well as the teachers themselves. ”

Where

do we go?

This then is the situation of employees at the University of Waterloo.

Where do we go ? As the university continues to expand, more’ and more employees will tend to join or form associations and unions to protect their interests.

There is certainly a dearth of issues to organize around-the Grand Valley Personnel Association, unemployment insurance, alienation and faculty communications, and more credit for employees with degrees. for employees with degrees.

And, of course, there is another alternative-the industrial Workers of the World (the Wobblies). friday,

.

I

apt/

I I, 7969 (9:6O)

7009

19

M

#MPUS

\

QUESTIOIVT Whui Interesting

do ,you think

of the Guzefte?

That’s the funny one which cdmes out on Wednes-

trivia

administration

’ It’s almost but not

is

Dan Mandziuk

I’m glad some one is setting on-

The Chevron has been asking for it. put out by neomarxist radicals.

PPLICATIONS Applications are now open for the following positions on the Executive of the Federation of Students.

FOUND

SEVEN

Set 3727

of

keys

In

ask

for

George

front

of

food

servrces.

Call

745-

term

room

house furnished

completely

Phone

SPEAKER (must

be a voting

TREASURER Board of Education Board of External Relations -Board of Student Activities Board-of Publications Creative Arts Board ’ Communication Commission

member

maid month.

923-0161

of Council)

TV,

x

f _

FOR SALE 1964

Ford 743-6994 x.10

dition, student $3,500

in the Federation

office

until

evenrngs home,

mobile

price at years Saturday,

from

automatrc,

Grand 1967

cellent

or

home, walk

Phone sell

all

Hotel 175

student furnished.

to

Bridgeport Scrambler, offer.

of

to

low

best

books

light

can exchange Friday 9 am 5 pm-across

am

park

mileage, 648-20

Phone

term, Ave) dent

$57 vilage 90 cc 576-5164

monthly.

S2-208 motorcycle

apartment to universrty

Contact 576-6999 or older

for

Tim

single

bed,

Call

chairs.

Cash

paid

745-6401

motoring dally the unrversrty (Karen) 54 Scenic

TYPING

OF 1FASHIONS FOR SPRING

Phone

Mrs.

hours,

745-

done Marion

from please

416-

students

and Lester

204

bath, Street.

5

Cottage

lake, Ken

available

trailer furnished

in

for for

In

1 bedroom to shopping, parking.

Phone

sum-

campus.

3

room.

or

4

5

to TWO

LARGE cooking

furnrshed facrlities.

office

1 st

room private,

- August 137

to

3 1,

share: near

1969.

Unrversrty

University and 742-6165

typewriter.

WIII

do

penence.

located

in

Phone typing

576-2450 essays

Call

Nancy

HOUSING

on

bedroom I. Waterloo

of-,

after

5:30

theses

etc.

quiet,

One

negotiable.

745-7870 APARTMENTS

bedroom West,

rooms

apply

facrlitres 189

single

745-

weekly.

Street

share

an

.students

578-093

ex-

1

close 579-

to 1664 Apt.

1 Waterloo term.

summer

swinging

or 12.

unrversity write Waterloo

Towers, Wrote

bedroom May

or

$14 1 Waterloo Apt term alternate

Toronto end

bedroom September

apartment,

to September Fog. stove, 1 Call 742-8673

lease.

broadloom,

TWO trll

to sublet 2192

576-

furnished Blythwood

95

room, Road,

male. call

kitchen, 6

after

2 on

to

26 from Apt

Jack

137 come

Unron

170

Erb

per

bedroom 101

I.

Towers, Phone

Waterloo garage,

apartment 137 7432 bedroom Toronto

co-op 444-172

or longer antenna, at odd

TV

term

If all hours

may University

GRADUATE, Place,

male, close

very

ity. carpeted 745-6401 A

very

nice

facilities parkrng

at

DOUBLE for summer universrty.

.

2 ‘/2 $165

189

furnrshed campus,

available

srngle Albert

room Street

rooms, and 578-4170 room

to

floor.

fal

shower, term

Fort

Street

with

Sauna,

sublet swrmmrng

for

from

umversmes.

Phone

744-7436

leteka avarlable

for

103, TWO

Len

576-1993 male apartment

month.

MAY

students

complete

on

for

Batafacrl14,

and 742-6165

krtchen, quiet

cable home

rent,

all

pool.

TV; near

parking

Montreal

514-935-

6970 FURNISHED summer wrote

double 5726

507

term.

D-2

4-6 Sunnydale

ACCOMMODATION room,

Contact DOUBLE

TWO 386

2p

FkEDERiCK

ST.,

KITCHENER

1010 the Chevron

PLAZA

SHOPPING

CENTRE

-

ing after

facilities 7 pm

twin

beds.

Suite. parking,

3

one

student, privrleges.

home

for

share 743-

bedroom

apartment,

available

summer

TV term

576-6674 bedroom,

bathroom 9 1 Blythwood THREE summer 576-7793

available Phone 579-1073; Waterloo

Place for

PODIUM underground ‘69.

townhouse students.

and

kitchen Road,

single facrlities Waterloo

bedroom term.

170

double for

Erb

beds, $9.50 call 744-

or

apartment Street

bedrooms

with

summer

student.

private weekly.

1528

available West light

Apt.,

for P-8.

housekeepCall

744-l

528

wrth aprrl m,nutes Towers,

share 3 unrversrty

Cameron cable

bedroom

fureach

$52

578-6322 TV, applrances,

Mil Street reasonably 1 Waterloo month, furnished

bedroom.

fur-

avarlable three

TV.

to

Don

& 1

Rent Phone

Waterloo

to close

343 furniture 91 a

rent.

-

between

rent

Hume,

Contact 1. broadloom,

may ways.

Immediately.

rooms

campus.

balcony, $145 also sell some APARTMENT Unrversrty $100 come on up

apart-

HOUSING

apartment

Krtchener to

or

4

Eglrnton.

Phone

will

576-8543 Towers,

137 Wrrte

$15 Matthew

-or

1 a month 4i6-

.

‘69 744.

1 apartment

minute

from

may pool

this eers Prefer university.

so

I

WANTED

Grads-Won’t September? they private,

Tell

be two

1

arrange bedroom

can 579-l

back

to less now

that fortunate to rent (furnrshed)

174

pm

April

cookrng Phone

in

apartment

furnrshed.

room cooking from

available

share monthly

75

facilmes.

743-6544 bedroom apartment furnished, cable

TWO partialy

TORONTO-Yonge unfurnished 481-5727

to

1576

5 Nancy

to

5713-2692

via

1

743-2079

AVAILABLE

SINGLE laundry,

may

Phone

apartment Towers

or unfurnrshed. pm FURNISHED

kitchen

apartment summer.

this

Street

nished 6-7

wrth

$10 Albert

to

year

91

SUMMER available 5326;

pm years

8

5 semr-furnrshed 578-4517

available

offer.

Waterloo

Avenue

student

furnished, Phone 1 Hazel

Street West wiling to the necessmes.

electric

best

FURNISHED apartment September 2 bedroom 38.

Near campus 745-0580 TWO bedroom apartment

2

or

4th

FURNISHED September Avenue West

federation

campus,

3 1,

floor, close pool, wrrte

or

Toronto

apartment

aug

may

Avenue, parking

one

Street.

43

ment done,

after

share Street

students.

576-9414

MAY

ONE

and promptly.

1 1 1 during office

745-

6 pm avarlable

14th location.

Swimming 6 pm

Street to Hazel

$138

walking MacGregor

Spacrous,

girls

bedroom

sublet

park

Wrthrn 163

central

Huntley

two apartment.

ONE established study

august. car.

7441749

Toronto:

IO

Crescent

at

by

apartment, transportation.

921-5296

Large,

Del

aparment

May 1 through or short hop A- 15.

Phone

WANTED 2 bedroom

three,

up.

Hi-Way Markcontact Mrs. 5781572

Dr.

effrcrently Wright

1534 after of people

NAMES cc TYPING

free.

Fully from

APARTMENT, versity for

TYPING

BREED

term. drive

bedrooms Hazel Byrant,

Dave

WANTED

ANYONE et area to Carl Conrad

A BOLD NEW

monthly distance.

Crescent

per

295 141

bedroom

743-5735

WANTED with two

stu-

cc

from

house

’ 127 kitchen Phone

summer (Amos

Forristal.

150

rent,

Apt. 743-8

2

nished

DESK,

RIDE

share Close

male

entrance

Sarnia?

745-9122

apartment, 7976

WANTED ONE

for $60 5.

ex19

Georgian Waterloo

Keith

distance

post - 9

rooms su,bway Toronto

co-op

private unrversrty,

from

term.

minute Call

excellent

established 578-8892 variety

Street

for

In

MODERN summer

con-

bedroom

rn

less-students end.

Monday Sunday 10

Honda condrtron,

excellent 2

accommodatron terms avarlable. exchange and

We -half books pm;

Galaxre.

furnrshed.

Apt 204

SUBLET

short mer

I

at

rooms

WORKING

--.

summer unrversrty.

to

double

parties.

George

St.

single

In quiet minute 743-7202

43

Treasurer $300 All others $200 Applications will be received 5:00 pm Friday, April 18

summer,

service.

182

TWO

,

for close

MODERN

TORONTO,

VICE-PRESIDENT

available

578-9005

THEiSILENTMAJOIIXC'Y

apartment engrnIt

then near

by C. B. Macpherson

.

I shall argue that the relation between the university and the community in Canada has been determined so far by a conjuncture of two forces: (a) the original and continuing purpose of the Canadian community in establishing universities, i.e., to avoid having to rely on importing cultural, professional and technical talents in order to maintain in Canada a level of culture and technique similar to that of older countries; and (b) the difficulty of recruiting .and reproducing university teachers of the required quality unless they were allowed to see the university’s prime purpose to be the advancement of learning rather than the production of trained personnel for Canadian society.

I shall argue further that a third force-the rise of student demands for changes in the organization or the nature of the university-is bound to alter the relation of the university to the community, and that the way in which it will alter that relation depends on the extent to which the universities and the, leaders of the outside community rethink the primary purpose of the Canadian university.

Canadian universities have in fact been set up by the community acting through provincial governments, or by influential sections of the community with public support, and are now maintained largely by provincial legislatures and governments.

The primary purpose of those who set up Canadian universities and who provide the funds for them has been and is to produce from within the Canadian community a steady supply of people with the intellectual and other skills required to provide the professional, cultural and high-level technical services which the community’s leaders think necessary or desirable.

This purpose being given, rehetoric about the university being a community of scholars is only valid to the extent that the university teachers insist on being scholars. This they are in a position to do. For to perform the function expected of it the university must have teachers, and national pride will not allow their scholarly qualifications to be below a standard recognized internationally.

Therefore if the university teachers, having scholarly qualifications, insist on being scholars they can go some way to requiring the outside com-

The community, t.he university and radicalism

I

I

munity to accept the scholars’ view of the function of the university, which is the advancement of learning in the broadest sense-the increase and dissemination of knowledge, of understanding, of critical intellectual ability. This view of t,he function of the university is not in principle inconsistent with the public’s, and the public’s leaders’ view, except to the extent that the latter reject the right of the university’s members to criticize, at however fundamental a level, the structure or purposes of existing society. If that right is denied, the two views of the university’s purpose are indeed incompatible.

If it is not, then with skill and goodwill, both purposes can be served, though there can be expected to be tension between them. The tension at present is most obvious in different views about university government: the dominance of the lay and/or government-appointed board corresponds to the first view, while demands for a large share of control by the university faculty corresponds to the second.

If there were no further force at work, the relation between the university and the community would be manageable.

But there is another force at work, a force which manifests itself in various levels of student demands.

These demands range from modest requests for some student representation on departmental, divisional and university committees and legislative bodies, to demands that students and teachers should have equal power (and nobody else any power at all) at every level from the teaching department to the board of governors.

Underlying these demands are feelings which range from a sense of lack of effective communication, i.e., lack of effective teaching and learning; through a sense of lack of voice in what is taught and what is required for a degree; to a radical rejection of the purposes, the morality and the power structure of the outside community, and of the reflection of those which students find in the university.

The most radical students are those for whom the enemy is the international structure of corporate capitalism, which they see as permeating and dominating the national (and the provincial) society and all its institutions, including universities.

They can make something of a case for this.

Insofar as universities allow- themselves, or are compelled, to subserve, and train recruits for, an outside structure which the radical student holds to be vicious, there is little chance of accommodation between the radical students, the universities as presently constituted, and the society outside. Corporate capitalism is not likely to change its spots at the de-

mand of radical students But the universities are going to be caught in the squeeze unless they can prove to the radical students that the university is not, or with internal reforms would not be, a mirror of society outside, but is devoted to the advancement of learning no matter how that conflicts with the demands of the society outside.

This will not be easy. For, unfortunately for the university administrators and the faculty, we have let things go on too long in a rather authoritarian pattern.

Presidents have too frequently accepted the outside view of the university as a production line (of course at the highest cultural level).

Faculty have too frequently made the false inference that because, by definition, they know more than the students, the students need not be consulted seriously about what is taught and how it is taught.

The combined result has been that not just the most radical students, who want to revolutionize society, but a considerable number of students who have no revolutionary inclinations, make common cause about the reform of the university structure.

If we do not change our authoritarian pattern of instruction they cannot be blamed for seeing it as reflection of a society which makes war, not love, They are in my opinion perfectly entitled to reject such a society, and to reject the university (and it is surely now evident that they can not only reject it but bring it to a halt)

insofar as the university accepts. or appears to accept. unthinkingly, the values of the society outside.

I would add that student demands, both radical and reformist are a reflection of the increasingly democratic temper of the world as a whole-East, West and Third worlds-and the increasing disenchantment, across the world, with existing power structures.

What has not been sufficently recognized by the university authorities, and faculty, and the leaders of the outside community is that this disenchanted temper is a new datum. and that universities can no longer perform their proper function unless they acknowledge this and act on it. For the university cannot perform its function (the advancement of learning) unless the teachers can communicate scholarly discipline. unless they can catch the students up in a love of disciplined learning, thought, and investigation, so that the students will apply themselves to the discipline and so will gain as rapidly and as fully as may be the freedom of the city of the intellect. But a significant proportion of the students (frequently including the best students ), reflecting the increasingly democratic temper of the world, cannot now be communicated with unless they have a genuine sense of participation.

It follows that the students must be given the means of such participation.

The directions of the required analysis are obvious.

action

suggested

by my

First, presidents and faculty must make it clear to themselves, to the students, and to the leaders of the community outside, that the university is not a production line in the service of existing society. The sooner provincial governments can be persuaded that the lay board of governors is an anachronism, the more readily this can be done. Secondly, presidents and faculty must recognize that students (in spite of all the obvious points about students being more transitory, less informed about the subject matter of their study, and less intellectually disciplined, than the faculty) now need a real voice in the uses to which the whole resources, intellectual and material, of the university are put: this now appears to be a prerequisite of their truly learning. Thirdly, student leaders must recognize that the people who have been trying to promote the idea of the university as a community of scholars, working for the advancement of learning, are on their side and should be allowed to get on with the job.

C.B. Macpherson is a professor of political science at the University of Toronto. This is the text of a paper presented at a panel discussion on “The nature of the contemporary university” held at the annual meeting of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, november, 1968.

P

,

,

1

friday,

april

7 7, 796i

(9:50)

707 7 ‘21

Bowers

gets -another

Several weeks ago, a feature appeared in the Chevron entit“Thrust-Counterthrust”.

I was responsible for the “Thrust”.

Before it appeared in print, I sent several typescripts to some friends and relatives, and recently received a reply that I feel deserves wider readership than was originally intended by the writer.

Actually, the response was part of an outgoing correspondence between a father and his daughter.

Both parties read my article, and the daughter’s reply, printed below, was forwarded to me by the father along with one of his own.

Inasmuch as her reply was not written for publication, I requested and obtained her permission to submit a slightly edited version of her correspondence to the Chevron.

The author of the letter and her husband are teaching at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, and they are shoved up against the daily injustices that are perpetrated in the Deep South. It is obvious from her comments that the writer is in despair of the human race. Her dark vision, whether or not it be truly prophetic, may nevertheless be preferable to the habitual blindness that allows most of us to lurch through life seeking uncomprehending comfort. ln any event, I think it is important to remember that despair is the daily diet of millions of people in the world todayand not of just the black and hungry, but of many young, disillusioned people, themselves the scions of relative affluence.

So when despair and anger are expressed articulately ‘as they are in this letter, it behooves us all to listen, even if we can’t agree.

For we will never comprehend the mood and events of the world today if we do not at least attempt to understand despair.

-Ken Bowers, psychology professor

led

.

Dear Daddy, My predominant reaction to Ken’s article was just this : Beautiful, well reasoned, but hardly appropriate for a man in a canoe heading for Niagara Falls. I’ve just been reading Eldridge Cleaver’s Soul on Ice. Though I can’t find the exact quote right now, he calls attention to the fact that in view of the behaviour of the Americans, the rest of the world must feel like passengers on a speeding jet plane, the controls of which are being fought over by a crew of maniacs, lushes, acid heads; sadists, etc.

What the world needs is time, and time is precisely what is running out.

Neither Ken’s fine rhetoric, nor yours, nor mine, will change the minds of the millions of middle class slobs who cling so blindly to their false security, let alone move them one step closer to taking positive action to break the power of the military-industrial complex and halt this mad plunge towards international disaster.

We don’t have eons or generations, or even years-perhaps only months or weeks. And yet we, like all but a pitiful few of our countrymen go on reading our newspapers, planning our meetings, fighting with our families, having our little dinner parties, painting our pictures-in short, going through the trivial motions of living, when at any time Armageddon may be only minutes away.

Somehow I wish I could believe that God will take over the controls of that jet liner the second before it crashes. If I could be‘,-eve that my mini-world would make sense. But I can’t believe that this will happen.

I guess I’m just expressing the traditional agnosticism.

Where 22

7072 the Chevron

is this God who’s supposed to be in charge of the universe?

If there really is a life after death, and a hope for mankind, why doesn’t he manifest himself a little more clearly in the minds of those who are trying to believe? Why don’t we receive some concrete personal evidence that both ourselves and the Human Dream are immortal?

Yet this mood is easy to submerge. Indeed, I’m beginning to understand far better the peculiar poignance of the Epicurean Phil-’ osophy. It is the precise fact that tomorrow we may die-totally, irrevocably, as a race as well as individuals, which makes this life’s trivia so sweet. May this day’s sunlight be our very last?

Then let’s make the most of it!

Somehow this mood -militates strongly against dreaming any great dreams for the betterment of mankind.

So eighty percent of the time I find it perfectly possible to plan ahead, get extremely excited about the baby we hope to adopt, dream of a second honeymoon, revel in the personal relationships developing in our “group” here, etc.

However what of those who have no current, pleasant existence to enjoy ? What of those who cannot eat, drink and be merry because the only cup which is offered them is overflowing with misery ? They cannot plan ahead for any joys. They have nothing to get excited about except the dark and tasteless perversions of ghetto life. Yet they are aware of the same approaching catastrophe I am. It is (only possibly) felt less keenly because the present misery is so total.

It is these individuals who, offered no share whatsoever in

reply -from

the constructive efforts of mankind, are rising to seize fully their share in his destructive ones.

They need no other program for this than their own total indignation-and how dare we demand a rationale for this-we whose rationale for Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Viet Nam has proved to be a specious pack of lies?

So I reject totally the premise that revolutionaries must have some positive constructive goal.

Every man, having been denied the right to save himself and his posterity claims, as the final affirmation of his-manhood, the right to have some say in the method of his destruction.

I’ve also just read .a biographical novel of James Bowie, who of course died in the olanco. The book ends with Bowie dying anyway of pneumonia, and throwing his famous knife at the Spaniards as they burst into his room-and dying with a death pun at his last act of destruction which he was able to perform.

The black people and many of the draft-age white youth of America feel radically, totally doomed. Doomed before they can ever enjoy the greater sweetness of life which comes with love, joy, family, and small acts which some of us have been able to perform in the service of our brothers.

Denied even this, they will claim the bitter pleasure of destructions.

The only thing left for them is the ancient, instinctive impulse to die with the enemies jugular vein clenched in their teeth.

If we do not recognize this ultimate motive in all the “revolution for revolution’s sake” we cannot possibly even begin to understand it. Since Ken’s article simply ignores the absolute imminence of global destruction, it is not apropos of the current situations.

As the nuclear arms race is simply beyond the reach of rational argument, constructive reforms and so on, just so is the radical’s reaction to it for beyond the specious arguments of a make believe “what if” kind of mentality.

Ken’s final paragraph holds forth the possibility that men of wisdom and grace will emerge to guide our society.

Where are they? The few which seemed to have approached this requirement we assassinate or otherwise destroy. Tricky Dicky Nixon certainly doesn’t fit the bill, yet he is the people’s choice. Few enough such leaders do in fact seem to be rising from our imperfect society, and those who do are the stones which the builders of our cultural tower of Babel quickly reject.

And so the real question seems to me to be what, lacking this charismatic leader of wisdom and grace, are we to do? Put another patch on the jerry-built rig of the status quo, or go ahead and tear down the whole mess, and hope that when the land is cleared we’ll be able to start on a new structure which, as Ken points out, may be just as

the family

bad or worse than the first? Hardly, one would say, an appetizing choice. Perhaps God will engineer His long overdue Apocalypse and relieve us of the dilemma !

That is a consummation devoutly to be wished.

We can hope that God’s apocalypse would be successful, destroying the unjust and leaving the just.

A man-made apocalypse would, of course, destroy the real people, leaving the planners and destroyers in their underground fortresses. A world in which Nixon and his military advisors, -with their Russian counterparts, were the sole survivors would be a sorry joke indeed.

But what of my own Epicurean existence?

I feel intensely that we are in the lull before the storm (my conviction that my generation will see the ultimate crisis is total).

In light of this, I sometimes think that “to take life as it comes” is definitely all that is required of me. At others, I feel I am a cop-out failing to plunge headfirst into the maelstrom of ever-accelerating events.

In either case the end result seems to be the same sooner or later.

But in the old Hamletesque dilemma, somehow, simply because one is a human being, one seeks the “nobler” course, even when one suspects that all the relative definitions of nobility are as valueless as most of the other current products of human rationality.

Ken remarks on the translation of “I think, therefore I am” in the lexicon of the new radical.

But the point is that the real translation is from “Men have thought, therefore I may soon cease to be” to “As long as I can feel, either anger, pain or joy, I will know that I still am. But when feelings cease, I am no la-,,-

97

rwr1gw-.

Because

men have bastardized

su

the thought process, because they have allowed their science to become the tool of Satan, there really seems to be little choice between it and the reign of emotion, which we have previously rejected as somehow less than human. If we find that our ultimately perverted, may we not just as well fall back on emotion which at least under certain circumstances can be consuming and cathartic?

As I thought I would, I’ve failed miserably in this letter to even begin to scratch the surface of my many conflicting thoughts about the many conflicting issues.

One thing, however still needs saying and I am quite perplexed as to how to go about it.

Perhaps I should start by saying that your letters are a comfort in a comfortless situation.

You. have expressed before, and at last I fully comprehend your relief and gratitude that your race has been mostly run when these cosmic conflicts were in the embryonic stage, and the hope that you will be spared the trauma of their birth.

And yet, I think you have not been spared, because you have always had the artist-poets painful prophetic vision. You are so unlike the other clods of your generation who may go down to oblivion never knowing what mankind has wrought for its hapless progeny. You do know and share the agony. And for this alone I can never thank you enough, that you did beget me in fear and trembling of the age into which I would be hurled-and that you have not left me psychologically orphan, but that you continue to face with me the real problems and do not offer the specious solutions of a thrice-dead ideology which so many of your generation have left with those of mine.

This is a lodestar in my life.

Love, alwaysyour daughter.

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Address letters to Feedback, The Chevron, reserves the right to shorten letters.

Those Sign it - name, course, year, telqohone.

For be published, A pseudonym will be printed

feedback \ Mexico upologht denknds, do rwe &now the shution?

I am so accustomed to slanted and distorted versions of the news, in the columns of the Chevron, that it is no surprise to find yet another wildly erroneous line of garbage in the issue of march 21st.

Normally I should merely pass this over as more irresponsible journalism by the spoiled brats who churn out bilge for that ludicrous organ. However, as one who knows Mexico well, I take strong exception to the astonishing concatenation of nonsense contained in a pseudo-advertisement for travel in that country.

Perhaps the editor would be so good as to answer one or two questions concerning Mexico, since he seems to know so much about it.

Was he, or any other member of the Chevron staff, in Mexico at the time of the alleged massacrc in the Plaza dc las Trcs Culturas?

Does he approve of the plan to destroy the Olympic Games by staging riots during the time that the) were taking place?

Has he,.or any other member of the Chevron staff, heard of the Mexican Revolution, which began in 1910 and engulfed Mexico in bloody strife for nearly a decade, or of the Constitution which resulted from it in 1917?

Let us look at a few facts. Mexico did not emerge into the modern world until after the Revolution.

Before that, the country was ruled, first by the Spaniards (in preSpanish times, Mexico was divided among a large number of Indian cultures, usually at war with one another), I then by an almost-un. broken succession of corrupt, often tyrannical rulers, the last of whom, Porfirio Diaz, was dictator for over thirty years.

Under Diaz, Mexico City flourished as large numbers of foreign investors came in to exploit the mineral wealth of the country. But Indians were kept out of the centre of the capital, and in the country wages stayed the same while the cost of living trebled. Conditions were frightful-for Mexicans ; foreigners and rich landowners lived in high style. Education was almost completely neglected, as neither Church nor State did its job in respect to it, and probably not more than ten per cent of the people were literate.

The Indian was an outcast in his qwn country.

Cuba in 1959 was a paradise compared with Mexico in 1910.

While the Revolution did not accomplish all that it set out to accomplish, it did, for the first time in 400 years, give the Indian due recognition.

A campaign of education, truly phenomenal in scope, considering the enormous work to be done, was begun, and huge amounts were spentand are still being spent--to bring the education system up to an acccptablc standard. Mexico spends more per capita on education than Canada does. but the problem is almost insuperable.

There are more Mexicans in school now than ever before, yet, paradoxically, there are more children wittiout educatiop than before.

Schools cannot be !@iit and staffed fast enough to keep up with the exploding pcipula tion, and, illiterates cannot understand_the’urgent need of birth control. That Mexico has accomplished so much in the area of education is greatly to her credit, despite the stupid statement in your bogus ad.

Especially since 1934, when President Lazaro Cardenas began to implement in earnest the landredistribution provisions of the 1917 Constitution, millions of acres of land have been given back to

the farmers, and huge irrigation and ejido projects have been put into effect-all with the aim of improving the lot of the common man. This, in spite of the fact that, compared with Canada, Mexico is a poor, overcrowded country.

Cardenas, by the way, expropriated British, Dutch and U.S. petroleum holdings in 1938when Fidel was in knee pants.

The labour laws included in the 1917 Coristitution were the .most advanced in the world at the time they ‘were promulgated.

That it has not been possible to enforce all of them all of the time is not the fault of the goyernment, which has made, and still makes, an honest effort to see that the workers are treated fairly.

It must not be forgotten that customs and outlooks developed over a 400 year period cannot be totally erased in a couple of generations.

Mexico is not perfect-no country is (not even Cuba! )-but it has made a greater effort than any other Hispanic American country, with the possible exception of Costa Rica, to make its territory fit for every citizen to live in. Its progress in this respect is not going to be accelerated by vicious distortions of the kind included in your “Visit Sunny Mexico” farce.

JAMES MCKEGNEY professor of Spanish Record records profs’ red-baiting remarks High on the list of things I will savor from my experience at Uniwat is the image I have of the look on English prof Thomas’ face as he opened monday’s K-W Record (march 31) and saw his passing remarks, red-baiting the student movement, reported under the column heading, “Professor wonders if radicals are part of world communism. ” The rest of his talk, entitled “What do artsmen do?” which opened the Col. Heasley distinguished let ture series (yesbelieve it) was completely ignored.

Yes, professor, there is a bourgeois press and yes, it does have an axe to grind.

On the other hand (and why not?) the professor may be making a belated bid for the administration presidency.

Not too late, though-nobody seems to want it.

If so, he has presented impressive credentials.

His remarks contain just the right blend of imbecility and intellectual irresponsibility ,to give him the inside track with politically aware students. With an avowed supporter of “needed reaction” -to student radicalism as administration president, the moderates would look progressive and, us cynical saboteurs would have something to get our teeth into.

Projected into next year, this speculation might generate the following story in Admininews (the Chevron having been long since suppressed-quietly) : Uniwat, ‘19 October 1969.

Federation president Andy Anstett took a strong stand today in presenting administration president Thomas with Council’s demand that free tetanus shots be provided by the university to all students bitten by security po!ice dogs.

‘All students,” Anstett emphasized, “regardless of race, creed color or previous condition of servitude-even radicals. ” ’ “After (III, he went on, flashing his famous grin and waving to the assembled multitude, .“the dogs have been vaccinated against them. Fairls fair, I say,” he concluded, paraphrasing his election platform.

So come on all you non-apathetic students. Get on the Thomas bandwagon. Let’s inject a little dram-

atic tension into this playlet we laughingly call student politics. .

MARTIN SHARPE arts 3 Did Up With People people fake us people for u fide?

Reading and wondering I happened upon the Up with People feedback in last week’s Chevron.

There seems to be a flaw in someone’s mathematics; permit me to argue my case. Given that Ian Rae, Canadian representative for the production, requested an interview with me in late january (69) During this talk we discussed, among other details, the contract price for UWP is $5000 (or $5400 can. funds) The contract alsd obliges us to supply concert hall, publicity, staging and security.

(In short UWP gets five grand american per show) They wanted to do a show or 6-at the end of february, the bsa and cab were both reluctant to tackle such a venture on short notice. At this point UWP decided to promote itself.

Assuming that UWP is as popular as -Wayne Moses would have us believe, acknowledging the Kitchener memorial auditorium holds 8000, and ticket prices for four shows averaged $2.50. That works out to $80,000 (assuming an apathetic half full house $40,000).

If you acknowledge that all publicity, except for a cheap single color flyer, was donated and that company members were billeted in the community at no cost. Also accept the fact, that the kma expenses for a concert are about $1400 per night. This leaves between $34<,OOOand $74,000 or considering there are 200 members in the cast, this means a weekly wage of $170 could be paid to these sweet innocents a maximum wage might be $370.

Moses insists the cast gets nothing.

Okay I’ll bite. Where does the money go? They only did 4 shows here on a good week in a large center they might do 8 shows. Boosting the income per player to between $340 and $740 a week. That’s good for even Howiepetch!

It is rumored Howard Hughes is one of the backers of the UWP foundation ; Is it possible that Hughes is making money on a vanguard radical movement?

I thbught Larry Burko had the corner on that market. Considering all the facts don’t you think it is possible that UWP took us for a ride? (In more ways than one. ) TOM ASHMAN sandbox 4 Greenberg gripes concern cumels, fucts and scores It has come to my attention through the responsible managing editor of the people’s paper (the Chevron, formerly the Coryphaeus) (I know he’s responsible because of the following conversation : ’ “People’s V.P.: Are you responsible?

People’s Paper’s Managing Editor: Yes! “) that the God’s gift to the newspaper world (the Chevron) has no obligation to correct wrong facts that occur within its hallowed pages unless there is a letter to the editor stating that there is indeed something factually amiss.

In the immediate past there have been many flagrant abberrations from reality, not the least of, which include -John Bergsma abstaining on a motion that he made; -the frequent and violent misspelling of ‘Greenberg’ ; -the insinuation (by quoting the book of Matthew and using the picture of a camel) that God is on the side of the Chevron.

In all fairness. I should state

U of W. Be concise.

The Chevron typed (double-spaced) get priority. legal reasons unsigned letters cannot if you have a good reason.

that when I questioned Rev. Wahl on this last point, he informed me that he thought it was just another story about camels.

But the last straw was the vicious editorializing not in an editorial but in the reporting of tlie Council vs. Chevron hockey game.

Some bias might be expected in an event in which the Weekly Blah was so intimately non-involved but not to the point of editorializing us out of one goal. The facts are: 1. the game ended tied 7-7 ; 2. a quick emergency council meeting was called; 3. the speaker Alexander (Sandy) MacGregor cast the deciding goai in favor of council ; 4. th’e Chevron refused to publish on April 4.

I should hope that you would acknowledge your imperfections and state some intention of more effort towards perfection in the future.

DAVIri GREENBERG math 4

Mexicun

students tulks on Mexican student movement As a Mexican student at the National University of Mexico, I participated in the Student Movement in Mexico City in 1968.

I think it is essential to say that the advertisement in the Chevron dated march 21st, 1969, titled “Visit Sunny Mexico” gives a false representation of the Mexican government’s attitude towards the Student Movement and also of the present situation of the country.

The person who included the advertisement in The Chevron reveals a lack of knowledge about Mexico and last year’s student Movement and a lack of courage not signing with his name but with the name of ‘an official department of the Mexican Government, which of course does not have any connection with such advertisement.

GILDARDO ABURTO-AVILA grad math Arti& on missile system produced by libeful groups Just a word to commend you in your emphasizing the horror intrinsic to the development of the ABM system in the U.S. One embellishment may by useful for fellow sympathizers.

The Council for a Livable World which produced the pamphlet reproduced on your center pages is not simply a paper-writing group. It is a direct political lobby primarily composed of physicists and psychologists which works to elect senators of less bellicose and more internationalist spirit. As well it is an educational organization.

Council is largely responsible for the fact that so many senators have become opposed to the ABM proposals and are becoming suspicious of carte blanche financing of defense department delusions.

Council, as effective as it is, operates on a shoestring.

Members subscribe somewhere between 1 percent and 5 percent of their incdmes.

Such financing grew out of the plans of itxfounder Leo Szilard, the physicist who, on sensing the dangers of nuclear power sought advice throughout different campuses in America as to how we could best proceed in fending off human self-destruction. Subscription of a percentage of one’s income has paid off as evidenced by council’s Ability to function as in this ABM wrangle taking shape in Washington. If anyone would like more information about council and would like to contribute to its efforts please contact me.

HERBERT LEFCOURT associate professor frida)

lntfumuful ofgunized

uthletics are & interesting In your edition of the week of march 14, you printed an article

by Mr. Ross Taylor which amounted to a general critique of the structure and motives of the athletic department.

While it is not our intention to comment on the article as a whole, we, the members of the men’s intramural athletic council feel that he did an injustice to our intramural program.

Mr. Taylor intimated that the athletic program placed far too much emphasis on competition as exhibited by the fights and injuries which occur ai well as by the importance placed on who win and who loses. He also maintains that $22 is far too much money to pay for the athletic privilegesa student has here.

To begin with, we feel that at no time has the intramural department stressed “competition” to the detriment of any other facet of athletic participation.

Fighting results in a one game suspension and a second incident results in’ suspension from any further intramural participation.

The referees are instructed to stop immediately what they consider to be unsportsmanlike behaviour.

In addition to this, Mr. Taylor failed to mention the five recreational, instructional and geqeral free time programs which are offered.

These are not tainted by any “competition”.

The intramural program has done its best to provide as many opportunities as possible for students and the competition which is inherent in m&t sports is designed for the development of the individual, particularly in the sense that it necessitates an ability to participate with one’s team mates on a responsible basis.

While the students have suffered in previous years as the result of their inability to get $22 worth of athletics, this situation no longer exists. The intramur’al department is responsible for men’s and women’s intramurals, recreational and instructional programmes.

This year there were 21 men’s programs, 9 women’s programs, 4 co-ed programs. Furthermore, there were 92 free court hours each week in both gyms, 26 free swim hours, 2 free skating hours, 7 levels of instructional swimming.

There were 10 new programs introduced to include skiing through to table tennis.

Next year the depart-merit will continue to increase its activities on all levels to meet the demands and interests of the students.

We would venture that Mr. Taylor would find it impossible to find any other place where for $22 a’ student could find as much variety and quaniity of potential participation.

Like anything else OK campus, it is up to the students to take advantage of the opportunities and those of us on the athletic councils do our best to encourage this. For $27 a student gets to attend or participate in all athletic events offered on campus which is surely one of the bargains a student does get here.

We hope that this letter will clarify what are felt to be some basic oversights

by Mr. Taylor with regard to our intramural programme.

If Mr. Taylor or anyone else has any constructive suggestions for our intraymural program, we hope that they will be passed on to the athl.etic department. / the members, Men’s Intramural Athletic Council apri/

7 7, 7969 (9:50)

7073

23

ter. and should be one who should set an example for others to follow: and above all should be The following is a satire. Howmoderate in the consumption of ever. it has a message and it is wine and women. . .” up to the reader to discover it.

I was interrupted at this word Fictitious names have been given bv my questioner who suddenly to the characters in this’story to turned pale and started a disprotect the innocent. that is me. cussion with Dr. Peabody on the This is a mixture of fiction and lousy weather conditions prevailnon-fiction to expose an injustice. ing on that day. Since Dr. Peawhich is nevertheless real. body was fast asleep after a There is an advertisement which hearty lunch. his valuable comappears every januarv in the Chevments on the weather situation ron asking eligible graduate stu- were unavailable. \ dents to apply for the position Miss Pokus who had been conof don in a rather unwieldy resisignificantly to air polludence on the campus. I was one tributing of the unfortunate ones who ap- tion during the discussion blew a plied for this job sometime in thick cloud of smoke on my face the distant past. I was also one of and my very survival suddenly became questionable.

To be or not to the 20 persons who were asked to be was the primary issue. She appear before a selection committee for a personal-interview.

Of asked me why I should try to be a don. the total 60 graduates who resAs’ I repeated my suspected ponded with applications. fortv qualifications.

Dr. Peabody was were not even called for intercarried away in a sleeping bag views on the ground that they were t1 understood that he was tired not ‘*qualified“. ), Prof. CopThere were five vacancies and I due to oversleeping per finished cleaning up his was told that the selection would nose. Dr. Napoleon drank four be strictly on merits which would. cups of coffee. Mr. Bumblebee of course. be judged by .“perforof the mance’ * in the interview.

It made a final assessment weather situation. Miss Pokus dissad& turned out that the “interview” was a farce and the covered a gift coupon for a breath freshener in her - cigarette selection was a foregone conpack and Dr. Right was wonclusion. dering why he started this all.

It was all the same a waste of Mr. Honeycomb had completed time which could have been well by then and put them spent elsewhere.

The idea in his “notes” neatly inside a worn out folder ‘.\ riting this is to rectify the marked “top secret-do not open.” situation and not to do any mudslinging at anv particular inLater I had a chance to meet dividual. one of the five outstanding people ;!s I was ushered into the interselected to be the rookie don. view room by Dr. Right who was “You know something.:’ he the chairman.

I had a look at said. “I was never interviewed.

I my interviewers.

There were of did not have a place to stay and course the tutors (as they are I am glad I got this nice room and called 1. Prof. Copper. Dr. Napoboard free of charge. As for the leon. Dr. Peabody.

Mr. Honevdons job. it is verv easy. I just cotnb who was the deputy to mind mv business.

You will be Dr. Right and. to mv shock. two nowhere if vou take this job representatives from the incumseriously. I am just realistic.” bent dons. One was Mr. BumWhen I talked to him about blebee. the oldest don alive on “interview” he smiled and w this planet and the other was a said. “I hope vou understand the ladv. Miss Hippitv Pokus who was ways of the establishment after sitting next to me and puffing her this at least.” ‘cool’ cigarettes in my face. I “But what about my honesty. was almost semi-conscious for the integrity and. : .” rest of the interview due to lack “Cool it. Almost everybody has of oxygen. these. . .”

The following is a short des“Everybody?” cription of what transpired after “Well. almost everybody has that : and yet they Dr. Right: Have vou had any- these handicaps don’t show them up and act difprevious experience as a don? ferently That is where I have XIe: Well. Dr. Right. I have no scored. Try to understand.” experience as a don. but I would “I understand.”

I said weakly certainly like to have some. Beand admiration swelled within sides. I have served in other me for this great person. administrative positions before Since it was not a girl don. I and I would perform well as a link settled for a handshake. between the residents and the adAs I stood there in that winministration. ter morning and ,watched him Dr. Right: Dr. Peabody. . ? walking towards his residence.

Dr.- Peabody: (suddenly waking those square buildings -and brick up) Whoops. . .er. . .what is going walls seemed more formidable on here’? than ever.

Dr. Right: Is there anv quesName withheld t,ion.’ Dr. Pea bodvl .

Dr. Peabody: Oh. thank you.

I am glad you asked me that. ,No Chevron three ring binders are question Ivawn). ’ on sale in the campus shop for Dr. Cooper: No question from $2.85 plus tax. my side. .

Regular program students whc Dr. Napoleon : No question wish to receive the Chevron durplease. ing the summer vacation must >Ieanwhile Mr. Honeycomb was sign the lists on the major bullebusy taking notes from mv policy tin boards. speech. At least that is what I A few complete sets of volume thought. He had no time to look nine of the Chevron will be on up-leave alone ask questions. sale in the Chevron office late Later when I had a peek at his next week for $3. “notes”. by some miracle it turnDelux bound volumes of the ed out to be his grocery list.

Chevron can be ordered in the hIr. Bumblebee: What are the Chevron office for $15.00’. essential qualities of a good don?

The next issue of the Chevron >Ie: Well. Mr. Bumblebee. a will be published May 9. 1969. don should have high integrity. leadership qualities. good charac-

We must don well those don injustices

24

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Address letters to Feedback, The Chevron, U of W. Be The Chevron reserves the right to shorten letconcise. ters. Those typed (double-spaced) get priority.

Sign it - name, course, year, telephone.

For legal reasons unsigned letters cannot be published. A pseudonym will be printed if you have a good reason.

Second worse

Then@& yourself to a chat with Dr. Howard f%tchJ/ice President (Academic) Mondays,4-6 p.m. Campus Centre (Pub Area)

, TELEPHONE: 861

KING

KITCHENER,

742-3514 STREET

EAST

ONTARIO

I

Taiwan than

a7fticle the

,

first

I would like to comment on the rather naive and self-contradicting advertisement (March 21) by the Overseas Chinese Students Association. It those overseas students are apathetic to the social injustice, as they claimed in their advertisment that they are absorbed in the pursuit of the “good” life, then why should they cry down those Formosan students who care for the welfare of their own people and resent the injustice done and the totalitqrian dictatorship of the Chiang regime in ‘Formosa?

It is a well known fact that the Chiang regime is a colonial government without homeland.

The Formosaris have been taxed, but excluded from any policy-making vital to their interests on the national level, even the mayor of Taipei is an appointee.

The statement by the overseas Chinese students that “Throughout its 2400-year-old history Taiwan has been a province of China” is deceptive.

Before the Dutch occupation ( 1630-1662) of the island, it had been inhabited by the aboriginals of Malay origin for centuries and partially by the pirates of various origins as their bases. Koxinga and his followers defeated the Dutch and stayed there for about 30 years. The Manthus who were considered as the foreign invaders to China by the Chinese conquered the island !ate in the seventeenth century and established it as a province in 1887, only eight years before Formosa was ceded to Japan.

Since the Manchus were not considered as Chinese, how can the Chinese claim the territorial right to the island?

The legal status of Formosa has not been settled yet. According to the San Francisco Peace Treaty (September, 1951) Article 2(b) and the Sino-Japanese Treaty (August, 1952), Japan renounces all right and title as well as rights of claim to Formosa and the Pescadores.

Both treaties do not treat with the future status of Formosa nor do they state that either the Nationalist China or the Communist China can claim the territorial right to Formosa. The question of the title of Formosa is an international issue and should be solved at a new international conference with due respect to the basic principles of human rights and selfdetermination of the inhabitants of the island. / formosan student _

Dear Editor: Some of the Formosans in Uniwat, even with the fear of revenge being taken by KMT on our relatives back in Formosa, found ourselves unable to keep silent after reading the whimsical and wanton advertisement made by “Overseas Chinese Students Association” under the title Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan which appeared March 21,1969.

Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan obviously gives no answers to the ad Massacre on Formosa brought up by Formosans of Waterloo University and the board of ex-

tern@ relations (feb. -28, 1969).

The motive of these oppressed Formosans to seek the emancipation from Chiang Kai Shek regime justifies our way of pursuing the “Good life”.

The exiled Chiang regime, the so-called “Government of the Republic of China”, has b&en notorious for bureaucratism, corruption and cruelty, ever since Chiang Kai Shek gained his power through military actions.

Heaven knows pretty well the reason why he was kicked out of China. Whom does he represent after all? The Chinese whom Chiang will never see again? Or the Formosans who remember him as murderer of some 2’0,000 Formosans, ethnically Chinese to be sure, have our own integral identification after over a half century of separation from China. Just as the Americans would not like to call themselves “British”, so we can not be called “Chinese”.

Besides the bitter memory of the february 28 massacre (1947)) Chiang’s ruthless oppression of the Formosans in the name of the lost cause of the Return-to-mainland myth during the past 21 years has quelled us into silent enemy as a whole. The authentic existence of such organizations as United Formosans in America for Independence, known as UFAI Young (Philadelphia ), United Formosans For Independence (Tokyo), Union for Formosa’s Independence in Europe (Paris ), Committees for Human Rights in Formosa (Toronto) and many others in Formosa, will catalyze the revolutionary upheaval in Formosa and oust the Chiangs decaying regime.

We are not creating trouble. Only where there is smoke, there is fire.

Under the guise of “anti-communism ’ ’ the so called “Free China “actually means free of justice, democracy, liberty, and equality.

Here is some of the evidence : 0 Dictatorship-Chiang Kai Shek illegally revised and violated the constitution and made himself life president. @ Taxation without representation-two million mainland ,Chinese are represented by 2,047 (98.6 percent) out of the 2,074 members of the National Assembly; the Legislature and the Control Yuan, while the Formosans’ share is a scanty 29 (1.4 percent) for 11 million. Even the governor of Formosa and mayor of Taipei are appointees.

Out of 15 executive departments and divisions under the Formosa provincial government only two of them are headed by Formosans.

We can hardly be satisfied by the statement that “over 90 percent of the Taiwan provincial government officials are native Taiwanese”.

In policy-making, either in foreign affairs or in domestic affairs, Formosans are excluded. l One-party despotism-KMT (Kuomintang) is nothing more than a political arm of Chiang Kai Shek and his son Chiang Ching Kuo, the heir apparent, and a well organized police machinery.

The other two puppet parties, Democratic Socialist Party and Chinese Youth Party which also exist in Red China, play only a role in Chiang’s window-shoti democracy.

The attempt to establish a political party by Formosans and liberal Chinese refugees was crushed in 1960. AS

friday,

a result, several political figures were put in jail with charge of treason. Lei Chun, one time secretary-general of KMT, was orie of the victims.

0 Police State-Even the mildest criticism of Chiang’s regime or Chiang himself is punished by court martial. Freedom of speech and press, right to assemble and public meetings are totally denied.

We must tion to mark by Students number of article

also invite your attenthe irresponsible rethe Overseas Chinese Association as to the persons involved in the

Massacre

on

FORMOSA.

Unanimously, we repudiate the former and applaud the latter. eight Formosans

Move university

radical

movement on

to

E~lismefe

Is.

We the undersigned (being of sound mind and/or sound body 1. after long and deliberate consideration ‘and consultation have come up with the following solution to the problem of dealing with the Radical Student Movement in the Canadian university.

The federai government should establish a new university somewhere on Ellismere island in the Canadian north. It might be called Freedom University.

The following would serve as guidelines in running this new university.

The only admittance requirement should be that the prospective student be liberally endowed with a knowledge of the philosophy of radicalism-pref errably the RSM variety.

The affairs of the university would be entirely conducted by the attending students.

Their federation president will also serve as president of the university.

They will be endowed with the rights of establishing their own curriculum and to determine who should graduate with the various degrees in radicalism.

The buildings will be owned by the students who will also form the board of governors, the senate and the various faculty councils.

(It is only a decadent bourgeois system which allows faculty to si’t on the faculty councils. ) The obvious advantages of establishing such a university are many and varied. We mention only a couple. Anyone with an imagination can exparid this list.

1. Specialization always involves monetary advantages.

2. It would allow the average bourgeois student to continue his bourgeois education at an established bourgeois university without interruption by frequent federation elections, library sit-ins and-since most radicals reading this would expect us to include itwrecked computers.

We would not like anyone reading this letter to think we are hiding our heads in the sand.

We definitely believe there are serious problems on this university campus. However, we do not feel that the RSM’s aims and methods are the right ones.

R. SHINGHAL grad math 3. GAUDIN grad chemistry april

17, 7969 (9:50)

1075

2

Seventy 3imes Seven and the first of the seventy-first 1

-

In opening my closing remarks I would like to dedicate the front page to W. Keith Thomas of the english department.

Professor Thomas recently included in a lecture on liberal arts education a charge that the radicals on campus were a small band of Moscow, Peking, or Havana directed subversives who should be dealt with severely.

Unfortunately Thomas’ reaction to the events of the past year, especially when they involved the radical student movement, is not unrepresentative.

What has been uncommon is any attempt to deal with the questions and problems that have been raised and brought to light, no matter how big or small. The tone of the response has instead been paraniic, up tight, name calling. * * * At one time I thought of making this final editorial a sort of local Port Huron-Statement (the feature we reprinted as WHY). In fact Verdun had aptly labeled the effort the Laurel Creek Statement. Fortunately I came down from that ego trip in time.

Instead I want to just ramble on freely for a while and then say goodbye.

I’ve never really mastered the art of the printed word-I’d much rather sit beside a person and look him in the eye while I’m talking.

And the regular style of the Chevron doesn’t help much. In the entire year this is the only signed editorial (a one year old tradition-which is traditional enough to stick around here).

Everything else is impersonal, an attempt to be professional, and for quite good reasons. But it means we never talk, we only print. _ ’ * * * After I gave up on my attempt to write the Waterloo manifesto I thought about cataloging all the really important articles we published this year and presenting you with the list.

But the list grew too long and I didn’t figure anyone would bother with it anyway. It will b,e enough if you simply take this issue and the supplement home with you this summer for further thought.

The length of the list was probably one of the most effective illustrations I’ve had all year of just how hard the staff has been working to get the issues in-print and to you.

In particular Alex Smith deserves special mention for the tremendous amount of time he put in as feature editor. Alex laid out virtually every centerspread and a high percentage of the other articles as well. He is probably the most creative person ever to walk into this paper’s office. * * * Was it all worth it?

I think so, because I think you, the readers, have become more aware of the issues at hand and that’s what the paper is all about-increasing awareness.

The election of Tom Patterson to the presidency is a particularly good sign that people are becoming more concerned.

John Bergsma’s election represented the triumph of the apathetic, the unthinking and the scared. Mostly the scared.

He was elected because people didn’t want to have to deal with the issues the radicals were raising. It’s too comfortable being apathetic.

But for many reality began crashing in, the problems became unavoidable. * * * In fulfilling our goal of investigating the real problems over the past volumne a sincere attempt has been made to present not just local issues but analysis as well.

All too often there is a tendency to view issues in isolation and not see the deeper trouble that connects and continues to produce the local problem areas.

Looking back I think we may have gone a little too far in excluding such articles.

For it is through specific issues that effect our lives we are lead to an anaiysis of the underlying corruption.

Occassionally our reluctance to venture into this field has sprung, too, from my own extreme hesitancyto attack individuals.

Some of the issues we did touch on didn’t turn out too well.

Edith Beausoleil, for example, is still running the foreign student office. One of her secretaries who finally confirmed the Chevron criticism of her has left though, and her former boss, Bill Scott, has been eased out of the provost’s job because he was going a little too radical for the rest of the bureaucrats.

And Bill Lobban continues to direct the expenditure of huge sums of money on the university’s physical plant. The administration would still rather have trimmed hedges than library books.

Dr. Hagey resigned after all the denials of Chevron reports saying he was going to and academic vicepresident Howard Petch has assumed the helm also despite denials of articles saying he would.

While Petch can probably be expected to eventually drop the pro-tern appendix to his presidential title that path may not be as straight as it once seemed to be. Unfortunately for Petch he’s having difficulty keeping anyone happy and while he’s been accusing the radicals of conspiracy it has, in fact; been the deans who have been meeting behind closed doors to discuss their new leader. * * * Petch isn’t the only person who has had his liberal rhetoric swept away this year.

Many faculty members have been quite surprised to find out where they and their comrades stood when the barricades went up.

The people with the real vested interest in the status-quo of the university, many faculty members have found themselves reacting very violently against the idea of reform on campus.

The call for student participation in particular has brought on reaction and a cry for an administration crack down on students. * * * Everywhere the liberals have failed because now is not a time for liberal politics.

You can’t totally subjugate\half of man and not the other half. You can’t have half an atomic war. In the end there is no compromise; in reality liberals become agents of repressive status-quo and hence objectively become reactionaries.

For awhile it looked as if the Claude Bissell formula of co-option (a combination of divide-and-rule and token concessions 1 might have worked. But it didn’t because the reality isn’t that easily hidden. * * * I‘m often asked, especially by people aware of the fact that I have the means necessary, if I wouldn’t just like to sit back, give in to capitalism and enjoy its wonderous benefits at least while they last.

How many of my questioners, I wonder, would like to give up the troubles that having human intelligence gives them in return for the ignorant bliss of some lower form of animal?

For reasons I really don’t understand, but that probably involve a pecular environmental background, I find myself with an awareness of problems that I simply can’t ignore.

I was once a good liberal too, sure that socialism meant conformity yet wanting to help the oppressed Indians and Eskimos and poor and foreign nations etc. By chance, I guess, I wound up looking deeper and finding that there was a link joining all this oppression and I saw new forms of oppression as well.

26

1016 the Chevron

I saw t.he oppression of my fellow students in highschool and in university.

An oppression designed to kill creativity and create uniformity.

I saw the oppression of the worker in the modern plant, and oppression that enforced boredom and-alienation and created miserable lives for millions of men and women.

And I saw the oppression of an economy that forced upon people life goals and moralities geared not to their humanity but to continued consumption.

And, in a dim sort of way, I saw a connection between the whole mess.

That made it impossible to return to ignorance and bliss. * * * I wouldn’t suggest for others either. For our world may not -- the bliss of ignorance allow anv bliss very soon, even compared to what little-if any-bliss it allows now.

The enormity of our crisis is without historical precedent (even thinking simplistically it becomes apparent that a nuclear war, for example, is without historical precedent) and the climax could easily be such that it leaves us without a future.

That’s what the Chevron has tried to be about this year. It cant be said here. even in the 1000 pages plus it was only touched on, but what could be done was done.

***

I’ve often been asked this year whether we would print articles whose point of view we not only didn’t agree with but were in fact right wing.

Reluctantly I usually answered yes, if they were well written.

Fortunately few submissions were ever made.

I had two reasons for not wanting to print right wring articles. One is fairly minorthere are many sources of right wing and status quo articles. we had better thing to devote our space too.

The other reason, which really makes the first obsolete, is best expressed by Marcuse’s article on repressive tolerance reprinted in this issue. While its not an easy essa> to read I would very highly recommend its careful consideration.

***

In pursuing our objective probably the most disappointing aspect of the past year’s effort was our failure to adequately illustrate the fact that the largest error in the perception of the available alternatives made by Northern American man is his unawareness of the historical progress we have made.

Put simplistically-the arguments against socialism are outdated. Peoples’ minds are closed to the things we have been saying because they believe in the existence of conditions that passed away many years ago.

The best example is the argument that certain people must be encouraged or forced to do tasks that men would not naturally want to do-hence the incentive system of capatalism.

But the expansion of technology has made that argument outdated.

The simple, amazing truth of our modern world is that we can put machines to work doing what ever tasks man doesn’t want to do.

Many people respond to this argument with a sociological myth that usually goes something like-“man needs work if freed from it we’d become lazy shiftless bums”.

This argument is also used, of course, against short range socialist changes.

This argument too is false. Man does want to work, and released from toil which is both opnr>ssive and alienating he could become a truly productive creative worker.

It doesn’t matter whether he does that by going fishing or editing a newspaper.

God damn it we are being lied to! We are being stuffed full of myths and unrealities until we can no longer see the truth. And it has become impossible to return to sanity through proper channels because the system has dug itself into a great big hole.

The status quo today is designed in such a way that administered by an elite that thinks it is benefiting from the present system, it automatically reacts to prevent all change.

We live in a closed system.

And what really scares me is that the revolution, which is inevitable, may come too late because the crazy militarists may have blown US all up.

In defence of our society people often proudly point to the fact that it allows me and my views and “things” like the Chevron to exist. Hence, they argue it’s better than any alternatives.

There are two things wrong with that argument1) Our society only allows dissenting opinions to exist so long as they don’t threaten to become viable. Witness the reaction in the United States to dissenters.

2) It fails to recognize that comparative arguments are no defense for a bad situationif indeed people think our society will allow change then lets get at it, there’s an awful lot that needs immediate changing. * * * I think the staff made an excellent choice when they picked Verdun as next year’s editor though I would have said much the same if they’d picked Ken Fraser.

For both Bob and Ken, as managing editor and news editor since September and as editors since last may, have been a major part of what made this year’s paper-tick.

For what sanity I’ve got left I must in large part thank Steve Ireland who stuck close by and helped us all when clear thinking was most needed. I doubt that the students of this university will ever even understand, never mind appreciate, how much Ireland has done for them.

And, though I’m doomed to commit many sins of omission I want to mention a few more people that pulled hard for the team: Gary Robins, Peter Wilkinson and John Pickles the heavies of the photo staff who bitched all year, got bitched at all year, but kept the pictures coming; Dave X Stephenson, who got the most work out of the dark room; Bill Brown who made me feel liberal at times ; Frank Goldspink who did very different things with the back page last summer than what I’ve been doing since: Paul Solomonian, Kay Worner (wherever he is, and ROSS Taylor who kept the occupiers of our neighboring building off my back; Rod Hickman. the crazy kid who’s been filling the entertainment pages since early fall; Anne Stiles and Carol Jones who have typed half of the paper: and the Chevron’s right wing, Jim Bowman, who makes sure our words of wisdom reach you every issue.

I also want to thank Charlotte Buchan, the publications board secretary: Cam Killoran, the boards advertising manager and Bernice Reid and the entire Elmira Signet staff who have- put up with-so much from us this year and have done such a great job. * *‘* I suspect internationally, nationally and locally next year is going to be very active and tumultuous in comparison to this year. As more and more people commit themselves either to change or to the status-quo the battles are going to become more fierce and more emotionally and physically devastating.

I therefore wish all rn! comrades in the movement good luck.

And I hope that Professor W. Keith Thomas, who I’m told is really a very intelligent man, will reconsider his stance.

I can assure him that there have been no deposits of Moscaw gold in my bank account this year.

Peace is no way ,to peace. but there is a way, Shalom.

-sds

.

,

7

Out-term fact facing Calling it surprising would be an understatement.

Or would it?

The out-term vote gave Tom Patterson the federation presidency.

One thing is for sure-nobody expected it. But maybe they should have.

The election resulted from the need for a strong, capable, chief executive who was aware of the problems facing students both as individuals and as workers in our society.

In his letter to the out-term students, Patterson showed he had this awareness. In particular he stressed the problems university students are having finding co-op and summer jobs and with finding the jobs they will eventually

have to settle for upon graduation.

Engineers pride themselves on being realistic, and after working a\ few months anyone can start to perceive some of the realities hidden from most students on campus.

Patterson’s letter talked in hard realistic terms about some of these realities.

Yet past experience has shown all too often that people tend to shy away from reality instead of facing the uncomfortable truths and dealing with them.

The out-term engineers didn’t turn away. Hopefully this will be the start of a new trend... , Searching for solutions to problems instead of pretending the problems don’t exist.

“Well it’s a good corner and if I sell 34,999 glasses, I can afford to go back to school.

A humanities lesson Professor: What’s your name?

Student: 800417, sir.

Professor: What did vou sav?

Student: I’m 800417 sir.

Professor: What’s 800417?

Student: My ID number, sir.

Professor: But surely you must have a name.”

Student: (reaching into his wallet and then reading from the ID card) Smith, sir; my name is John Smith.

This little dialog is unfortunately not as remote a possibility as members of the university communities might like to believe.

Take a look at the gym-cum-examination center. Witness the administration’s idea of a setting for human beings to relate what ef

they have learned during a year at Uniwat.

Nothing can better illustrate the present real purpose of the university-to produce human capital as fodder for the technological imperative of industry.

Students are indeed workers in the* human-labor production area of capitalist society. Their product is themselves.

The quality of that product, and hence the resulting quality of what that product produces, should be the responsibility of the original producers.

The students.

Administrators have proven to be lousy quality-control inspectors. They seem unable to maintain the most essential part of the product.

Humanness.

Do you feel / hostile?

It is inevitable that this determined facing of the facts will arouse hostility.

Moreover it is inevitable that it will arouse hostility, not only in the minds of those who benefit by the continuance of the conditions which make class conflict inevitable.

Just as a doctor who tells in order that he may take approa patient he has a serious disease, priate measures for its cure, must face the possibility of that patient’s hostility, so communists and socialists must ?ace the fact that even the workers will not like being told that they must inevitably become involved in more and more violent conflicts until and unless they Men prefer to be told that their troutransform the economic system.

They dislike being told that bles are slight and easily remediable. increasing and incurable without a drastic and difthey are grave, ficult alteration in their environment.

Aohn Strachey, The Theory and Practice Of Socialism

(7936)

more ”

The built-in crisis Finally everybody seems to be admitting there will be an acute shortage of summer jobs this year.

The “professional” press is now doing features on the problem and the government is writing to student newspapers requesting any research the papers may have done.

The manpower department is spending huge sums on advertisements encouraging the capitalists to hire students for the summer. The basic theme is take advantage uf this suurce of intelligent cheap labor.

But unfortunately. nothing very significant is being done to deal with the real problem.

It seems to be an inherent contradiction in capitalism that while its work ethic and economy leads to the production of more and more workers at all levels of ability, its ethic of efficiency is leading to a decrease in the number of jobs available because of automation.

Yet the status-quo is unwilling to allow other creative means of living to its working classes.

As one means of reducing the ranks of the unemployed, more and more schooling has become the necessary requirement for the most menial tasks. For any

Canadian Liberation

University

Press member,

kind of decent job, today, university is a must-though the training may be of little or no use to you in the end.

But going to university costs money and the government has made it clear that the only changes it will consider in the size of the grants to university students would be reductions.

So it remains necessary that people who want to go to university and whose families can’t support them find summer jobs.

In the end the result will be mm-e peupk frwm the lower economic brackets seeking permanent employment next year.

But unemployment figures are already climbing.

One tends to wonder if the economy isn’t approaching some sort of crisis.

Eventually the government can be expected to respond-well after the crisis has caused widespread suffering.

A guaranteed annual wage and free tuition are likely reforms.

But the response will come only when the elite starts feeling the pinch, and once the pinch is relieved the reforms will come to. an end and society will start down the road to another crisis.

What is really needed is a new system that would consider all the people’s needs all the time.

Underground

Press Syndicate

associate

member,

News Service subscriber. the Chevron is published every friday by the publications board of the Federation of Students (inc), University of Waterloo. Content is independent of the publications board, the student council and the university administration.

Offices in the campus center,phone (519) 7446111, local 3443 (news and sports), 3444 (ads), 3445 (editor), direct nightline 744-0111, publications board: under new management 35,000 copies editor-in-chief: Stewart Saxe managing editor: Bob Verdun photo editor: Ken Fraser features editor: Alex Smith news editor: Gary Robins entertainment editor: Rod Hickman sports editor: Ross Taylor editorial associate: Steve Ireland Everything in excess, nothing in moderation-that’s the Chevron. The community issue and the commie issue in one shot-a new 60-page record guaranteed to upset the K-W Record. And Saxe’s Laura1 Creek Manifesto on top of it. Staff this issue (as if there weren’t enough issues): Jim Bowman, circulation manager; Bill Brown, assistant news editor; Jim Klinck, Toronto bureau chief; Carol Jones, typing editor; Cyril Levitt, propaganda editor; Dave Blaney, George Loney, Pat Starkey, Lorna Eaton, Anne Banks (who finished her exams), Phil Elsworthy (whose exams finished him), Brenda Wilson, Meribeth Edwards, Ed Hale, Jerry Cook, Chris Swan, Al Story, Pete Wilkinson, Ted Lonsdale, Alan MacRae, Matti Nieminen, Gerrit, Frank Goldspink, Maudie Silcox, Bruce Steele, Tom Ashman, Rod Hay, Dave X Stephenson, Jim Detenbeck, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, Frederick Engels, Vladmir Lenin, Avanti Popolo, Fred Pizza, Lesley Buresh, Tom Patterson, John Pickles, RACSmythe, Moscow Gold, Kevin Peterson (for the last time), Ann Stiles, Harley, Sam Gross. contrary to popular demand we had nothing to do with the latest administration Gazette, and after the deluge what? stay tuned in . . .next issue may 9 with most of the usual gang of idiots.

friday,

april 11, 1969 (9:50)

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