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“mb w Pub oplsnd 12 noon. ask & Birth &ontml Centre, Gampl Pt~&f~~ti 9-im. 74 ~X+S hd.m*Won Centm Rin. 206, ea. 34& or a& , ‘I F’@n= tutikey ‘desk fo+arilyn or Laurie. j . Non-mhM ‘~CS Skill CMUW in ‘Waterloo CaMa-China,+iiewshi b&X tiMand’&XX @egi- ’ hbty. D&ne Kent, a librari& fro %hers, inermedjate, a*dnced) begifi London, .Ontaho will-show ,a film t again this fall- All students welcome. I made on his iecenttrip to China. PUS sign-Up.‘s@et with t@ Qf classes is &s, adult and children’s books will t pbn dance stdbo door. Anyprobsqld. 6pm. Trinity Unithd Churcl 1J& Ijl&~l~..‘8pmm Al; 116. MS $1, ~~~~~bW -cm&t G. Mideli i :.Hearth- Room. ,, 1 non-feds $l.@!! q \ ..1 .’ _a _ \ \ .. -. t . _’.’-. ‘s -_ h+itiono--The Wild D&k, by Henr JR,‘, s . I . Gib&on. _6pm. Hum. 18OXehearsa : ,& ’ .Your Candidah ‘ ‘f&r 4&e Tuesday Sept. 23 a’ildprodu6tibn da J Kiihener-Wilmot -riditig. 8pm. KitchNov. l&22+. For further information COI ener PubliMJbraty, Atid@orium.Xq_ tact Ma$ce Evans atExt. -- 2533. sponsoredbytheKi&erierChamberof .. timm,rxi@ -ad,~r Fbbk *’ &Y ~#fffJp.~uss. 830pm. Cavpl I;, raryi ‘.-, _ * ~ ai xx ’ (Choral). LV. Ebet@ven. ASqn$ of Joy.\-\ @nt* @II’ 11.0. j -. , 1 the UnivwGty ,~f+.JVaterloo Co,ncert’ ’ ’ -, s 1‘ Choir. F&iUrsals be& Tue$ SeiiJt 1.6 MjhUrS&y sa \ ‘~’ from 7-$& in Arts Lectuire, Fbn. ,113. Campus Centre Pub, opens 12 11001 tom Q-l&n. 74 qents. FuMt~infopIlation 00ntactAlfmd Kunz, .Pb@s&f~rn 9-l am> 74-c& admi& Musiq Diior 6664211 <ext 2439 ,or in after 6pm. ., _- i .. <= .., adrqission, -a. - +264. ” \ , ‘Fdsm@o;,, F&&&&,&& ,,&.’ ^. ’ _ -. - -‘--__ ’ . Ctiamber Choir (by audition onI1 &&‘/AL I1 6. 7-h. AL 6. For further informatk -, Jack ,Nichol&on. 6pm: 4 116: Fe@ $i .’ j ‘uiquli*WoQdstock. 2 .nor+d&$l .!jQ: I- ‘1 :’ \ KFGF: 26 ~f&‘Others~ $1. Sponsored _ contati Atfmd Kunz, Music Dire&c , I-+ .i_ 885121~mxt 2439 or ML 254. / . 1 _ byth#.. Karl Ftiedcich.~ss’.&ridati& I _‘t > \ -“Prince Vailiant~~ -&h&itii. uw: art -L .galler$ Hours: MoniFri 9-4, @&5 t@ -act-5th. i’ .j’.-, _1 _I II ‘,Cainpue C&&& Operas 12 IKK)~.. _Patil Lang+ from 9-l&m, $0 cents , -af@r6pm. ’ j . I .‘, Federation Fli@u+Chinatowb yvith
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- -ask@ to @&i#; ,(7:3Opm. Campus ,-: ,C0qtMjm~1Q1)F$wf@hqrinf&njation
r / sale September l.@at &ts The&e, bc ._MfM. :.. li ,. ,a
friday,
September
the chevron
12, 1975
Human ignores
Here it is sitting astride what was once an obtrusive little knoll in the shadow of the art’s library. It looks as though it fell from a great height and landed with an awful thud, but no, it was gently nestled info place at the request of the UW Works of Art Committee. /t’s a red fibreglass statlje, designed by artists Ed Zelenak. It cost $5,000, is rumored to light up at night, and represents: “Whatever you want”. Anyway, all the other knolls on campus can relax in the know/edge that the Works of Art Committee has run out of money.
photo
Achievement
by Sylvia hannigan
TORONTO (CUP)-When it comes to renting accommodation, students appear to be the only status group not protected against discrimination by the Ontario Human Rights Code. At least that’s the conclusion drawn by lawyer David Moore, a member of the Parkdale Community Legal Services, speaking at the Student Tenant Workshop here on August 23 and 24. Moore pointed out that although the code outlaws racial and sexual discrimination, it allows landlords to deny persons accommodation on the basis of their status as students, as has frequently been the case. Another member of the Parkdale group, lawyer Mary Hogan, noted many students are denied protection under the Ontario Landlord and Tenant Act, because university residences, co-operatives and communes are not covered by the Act.
checked
Students
Today first year students have a chance to take exams which won’t affect their academic careers but may influence high school education in Ontario. Tests are being held in the PAC building to try and measure what students’ abilities are in english and mathematics when they leave their local high. It is an experiment for the Council of Ontario Universities. Rookies at both McMaster and Brock universities are also being asked to take the tests. Students enrolled in courses which demand mathematical facility are requested to have a go at both tests, but students in Arts, Environmental Studies, and Integrated Studies are asked only to sit the English test. The reason for the distinction is that unless students have grade 13 math, or are entering a course where numerical skills are needed, then the exam will make little sense to them. It -has been designed for
to. ivrite
that level and if students beneath that level take it they will unbalance the results. UW president, Burt Matthews, stressed at a press conference last week that the results would not affect a student’s position at the university. “It is to discover- what is the variation in their capability,” he said. If the results are meaningful Matthews said the tests might be used in the future to help counsel and place students as well as for curriculum improvement. To determine if the results are meaningful it will be necessary to correlate them with the student’s university performance and perhaps high school record. And if that all works out, the president can foresee the day when all university applicants will -have to take tests in these two subjects, and attain a certain level, before being accepted. He is concerned that students
Council: still not -all th ere Members of the Federation of Students’ student- council will be given expense accounts if a proposed motion is passed by the council.
Notice of motion was given by federation education coordinator Shane Roberts at the council meeting held on Sept. &-paving the way for introduction of the motion at the next council meeting. Roberts first suggested the idea of expense accounts for councillors at a meeting held on June 22. It was brought forward _as a possible method of encouraging councillors to involve themselves more with federation business and to aid them in representing their constituency better. That meeting failed to reach a quorum and so the proposal was put off until September. An earlier council meeting called during the summer had also failed to obtain quorum. In an interview at that time, Roberts stressed the importance of “making council members feel they have an important role to play.” He said that one method of accomplishing this would be to “give
leaving high school “aren’t able to cope with university,” because they can’t handle mathematics and english. He said that the permissive‘curriculum offered by high schools in the sixties may have been good then, but that perhaps “the pendulum has gone too far” and that there was now- a need to reverse that swing. Matthews feels that some permissiveness in a school curriculum is good, but believes that unless students can reach a certain level of achievement in these two basic subjects, they will be unable to gain much from a university education. And what that level is might be determined by a study of today’s results. So the president urges all first year students to take the tests and offers these words of encouragement in a memo: “No special preparation for these tests is necessary, or possible-so relax!” -neiI
docherty
3
jghts situ But Hogan said she believed certain types of university residences, notably apartments, and co-ed residences, could legally be covered by the Act if the case was ever brought to court. Residence students are excluded from the Act because of their apparent status as boarders, she said. Boarders are distinguished from roomers by their meal arrangements with the landlord. But Hogan noted that the distinction between the two is “hazy” and that in many cases residence students’ meal arrangements are contracted separately from their lease agreement with the university. Hogan’s talk also centered around those sections of the Act concerning the rights and obligations of tenants and landlords under lease arrangements, and outlined some of the problems tenants face; --If a tenant breaks a lease prematurely, he/she can be liable to the landlord for the remaining rent. The landlord is supposed to attempt to rent the premises as soon as possible thereby reducing the former tenant’s liability. But it would be difficult, should the case arise, for the tenant to prove in court that the landlord made no such attempts. --If a landlord wishes to serve a notice of any kind to a tenant, he must ensure that it is handed to the tenant- in person, or failing that, must hand it to an apparent adult on the premises, post it in a conspicuous place, or send it by registered mail. While this section appears to indicate that the landlord must make repeated attempts to notify the tenant, courts have actually ruled that the landlord is under no such obligation, Hogan said. -A tenant may have trouble contacting his/her landlord, because there may in fact be several, Hogan said, pointing to cases where the premises are owned by large finance companies. Hired building superintendents are also landlords under the Act, she said. -Tenants in a single apartment
can be held “jointly” or separately liable under a lease agreement. For example, the landlord might choose to hold only one tenant responsible for the entire rent of the premises. Hogan suggested ways in which tenants can deal with problem landlords. Withholding rent payments can be a “very big club” for a tenant in cases where the landlord has failed to live up to his/her obligations, she said. But she advised retaining this money in the event the court rules that arrears be paid. Hogan also advised tenants to seek prosecution against landlords who charge “security deposits” on commencement of tenancy. ~ She said this illegal action would be less frequent if more cases were brought to public attention. Landlords do have the right to charge tenants the final month’s rent in advance, but must paythe tenant interest at the rate of six per cent monthly. But the real key to effective action on tenants’ rights is “collective action and organizing,” she said. The two-day workshop was organized by a housing steering committee formed after a Metro regional conference on housing held here last June. The committee comprises post-secondary student representatives and Ontario Federation of Students staff members. According to OFS fieldworker, Marilyn Burnett, the workshop was organized to discuss the following: -training students in the use of the Landlord-Tenant Act; -organizing students as tenants, on and off campus; -pressing for the removal of the current * National Housing Act freeze on university residence construction, the establishment of residences on communitycollege campuses, and for the construction of more low-income housing; -encouraging student reps to set up referral bureaus on the Landlord- Tenant Act
-
them something to work with.” This would take the form of an expense account of $100 per year for each councillor. He suggested that the money could be raised’ by taking a small percentage from the budgets of the various federation boards. Roberts had various ideas as to how the money could be used by the council members, suggesting that it could be used for research, for travel expenses to attend meetings or consult with councillors at other universities or to hold constituency meetings . He emphasized that councillors should have ‘ ‘complete freedom to spend the money within the guidelines of policy. ” Policies governing the use of the accounts would have to be drawn up and approved by council. Roberts also discussed the apparent lack of interest in federation business evidenced by the failure of council members to appear at meetings. He admitted that the fault lay partly with the federation executive, noting that: “Some of us leave council in the dark.. . for lack of more time.” One solution to this
At ;ts meet;ng on Sept. 5 the federation’s student council managed to obtain a quorum of its members for the first t;me since April. The condition did not persist, however, as the follow-up meeting on Sept. 7 had to be adjourned for lack of quorum. photo by henry hess
problem could be the institution of workshops dealing with aspects of the federation to be held during council meetings, he said. He also noted that members of the executive enjoyed “certain privileges ” with regard to federation events and suggested that council members should also be given free admission to these events. When questioned about the de-
cline in student willingness to “get involved,” Roberts said he felt it was a reflection of the greater workloads students must carry. “People are working harder than ever and have less time ,” he noted. He added that: “People should be able to get some sort of academic credit for federation activities. ” Although a few profs now count such activities as projects or contributions toward term work,
Roberts suggested that some policy should be adopted to ensure appropriate credit for the activities. The council meeting on Sept. 5 -required more than an hour after the scheduled time of starting to reach a quorum. The attempt to continue the meeting on Sept. 7 failed due to an inability to obtain a quorum. Quorum for the 25 member council is set at 13 councillors.
,4
friday,
the chevron
GO BY BUS
’
September
12, 1975
’
G ray Coach U n iversity Service Direct from Campus Entrances To Toronto and Woodstock-London Express via Hwy. 401
1 FALL TIME TABLE LONDON-KITCHENER-TORONTO
Personal
‘- NOW IN EFFECT \ UNIVERSITY SERVICE UNCHANGED
TORONTO SEFtVlCE Express via Hwy. 401
LEAVE UNIVERSITY Mon. to Fri. - 3:05 p.m. & 450 p.m. Fridays - 12:25 pm. & 3:35p.m. RETURN BUSES FROM TORONTO
Monday to Friday - 7:00 a.m. Sundays 7:30 p.m: 8:30 p.m.: G950p.m. &*10:50 p.m. *via Islington Subway.Stn. * G - Locally via Guelph d 1 w-OODSTOCK-LONDON SERVICE Read Down . Fridays ’ ’ South Campus Entrance 6.05p.m. Lv. 6.35p.m. Lv. Kitchener Terminal 7.25p.m. Ar. Woodstock London 8.05p.m. Ar. -
Read Up Sundays Ar. 6.45 p.m. Ar. 7.10 p.m. Lv. 5.55 p.m. Lv. 5.15 p.m.
Toronto and London buses loop via University, West- ’ mount, Columbia and Phillip, serving designated stops.
Buses will stop on signal at intermediate-points en route \ _and along University Ave. ADDITIONAL DAILY EXPRESS SERVICE FROM KITCHENER BUS TERMINAL
SeeTime Table No. 6 BUY “10-TRIP TICKETS”
Kittens to give away to good homes. Approximately six weeks old. For more info contact Randy or Sylvia at ext. 2331. Pregnant? What am I going to do? Call BIRTHRIGHT for confidential help. 579-3990. Free pregnancy tests. Mishanek and Gail expecting a letter from Mrs. Vaorova, Czechoslovakia. Contact the chevron.
For
TO CAMIPUS
Express via Hwy. 401
Gay Lib Office, Campus Centre, Rm. 217C. Open Monday-Thursday 7-l Opm, some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 885-1211 ext. 2372.
AND SAVE MONEY!
WATERLOO-TORONTO 10 Rides $31.90 Tkkets have no expiry date; they do not have to be used by the purchaser; they may be used from the Kitchener Terminal or from Waterloo..
FOR COMPLETE INFORMATION TELEPHONE 742-4469 KITCHENER TERMINAL GAUKEL 8 JOSEPH STS.
Sale
ski equipment: skiis, poles, boots (size 9) and car rack; $50. 885-1857 after 5 pm. _ Private. Westmount Waterloo. Three bedroom brick bungalow featuring eat in kitchen, fireplaces in both living room and finished recreation room. Quite well established area off Westmount. Near schools, churchs and transportation. To see call 742-6502 for an appointment. Calculators at discount prices for Science and Engineering students. Free brochure. Educational Products Unlimited. Box 585ClOl A, Station A, Montreal. No obligation! One kitchen set $20, one teak table $30, Man’s ten speed $50. 884-2668.
Wanted The Federation of Students requires accommodation for its entertainers brought in to play at pubs and dances. Rates to be arranged. Ask for Art or Carl in the Fed Office, Campus Centre Room 235, or the Campus Centre Pub. Part-time Hebrew teacher for local synagogue. Apply H. Dorfman. 885-0594. Pianist for children’s dance classes needed. Time of classes 4:30 to 6:30 Tyesday and Thursday. If interested contact Ruth Priddle PAC2060, Ext. 3147. Classes begin Tuesday September 16.
Student’ to tutor Math Grade 9 and 10. Forest Hill area. 578-7718 anytime.
510 Datsun station wagon or car. Phone Neil Selinger at ext. 2588 or l-595-4531. A bearded boatbuilder from P.E.I. Call 885-5275.
Ride
Wanted
Graduate student needs ride to campus daily. Will discuss terms call Louis at 528-7452. -
Typing
Typing at home: 743-3342; Westmount area; theses, essays; reasonable rates, excellent service; no math papers. Experienced short hand typist. Would like to do typing at home. 744-5876. l will do typing of essays and theses in my home. Please call Mrs. McKee at 578-2243. Available until September 23rd and after October 15th. Will do typing of theses and essays. 50 cents a page. Mrs. Norma Kirby 742-9357. Housing Available Men needed to share house. Lincoln Village, Waterloo. Call 884-6473 evenings.
Housing
Wanted
Teaching student needs a bed to sleep Thursdav s niahts. 885-l 610. -
Babysitting Young mother will babysit in her home weekdays. Prefer infants. University area. Call 576-8293 anytime. Will babysit children days or evenings in my home. Close to university. Phone 884-2372. Will babysit in my home. MondaysFridays. One 2-3 year old. Albert at University. 884-6304. Responsible person to care for twins age three. Three afternoons weekly in professors home. Some light housekeeping. Good salary. Call after 6. 885-4877.
friday,
September
the chevron
12, 1975
5
tes discuss ancing ItY H
Over 350 people turned up Wednesday night at a meeting in the UW Theatre of Arts to see seven local candidates battle it out on the question of post-secondary education in Ontario. The meeting, co-sponsored by the UW and WLU faculty associations and the Federation of Students, was staged with the intent of allowing local candidates to express their views regarding government policies vis-a-vis the universities. In attendance at the meeting were: Waterloo North Liberal candidate, Ed Good; Kitchener Liberal candidate, Jim Breithaupt; John Sweeney, Kitchener-Wilmot Liberal candidate; Jack Kersell, Waterloo North NDP candidate; Morley Rosenberg, KitchenerWilmot NDP candidate; Waterloo North Conservative candidate, Bob Gramlow; and Kitchener Communist candidate, Evelina Pan. Speaking for the Liberal candidates, John Sweeney said the financial crisis currently facing the universities is due to total lack of planning during the expansion era in the late sixties. He called for a re-examination of the financing for post-secondary education. The spokesperson for the Conservatives, Bob Gramlow felt that the educational system in Ontario is still/the “best in the world” despite what the Liberals say about it. He criticized the Liberals and the NDP for proposing “grandiose” schemes without considering the impact on the average taxpayer. The NDP spokesperson, Jack Kersell felt that universities should be allowed to justify their expenses to the public in the Ontario legislature. He called for the abolition of tuition fees and free living stipends for students. The Communist spokesperson, Evelina Pan said the main goal for post-secondary education should be to ensure universal accessibility, and to accomplish this, tuition fees must be abolished. The meeting’s organizers also sent out a questionnaire concerning post-secondary education to all candidates in the three Waterloo region ridings weeks before the Wednesday session. Only three candidates responded by the Sept. 4 deadline. They were Evelina Pan (Communist, Kitchener), Jim Breithaupt (Liberal, Kitchener) and Morley Rosenberg (NDP, KitchenerWilmot). The questionnaire centred on the results of progressive cutbacks in university financing by the provincial government and on proposed remedies. The first question dealt with qualified students being refused admission to certain university programs (e.g. medicine, architecture, law) throughout Ontario. Morley Rosenberg stated that any existing quotas should be removed, while retaining high standards. He did not, however, state how such a move would be financed. Evelina Pan contended that, if “students are being turned away for lack of teachers and facilities, then the government must institute a post-secondary expansion program.” Jim Breithaupt stated that the Liberals had no intention of interfering with the universities’ priorities concerning enrolment or standards. If the universities choose to use resources to graduate students in areas where the supply
exceeds the demand, then that is up to the universities. Question 2 concentrated on whether the present system, which forces students, especially those from families with below average incomes, to accept a burden of debt, truly guarantees accessibility to qualified students . Rosenberg felt that the amount of money for student grants and loans should be increased. He also suggested that there should be more co-operative programs so that more students could pay their way by working and studying in alternate terms. Pan suggested that a program of free tuition and living stipends for all university students be implemented. Breithaupt believes that there would be no money available for additional grants, but he contended that a Liberal government would ensure that only those who really needed the money would receive it. The third question had to do with programs with small enrolments that were being cut back or cut out because of financial constraint. Breithaupt felt this was a problem that the Ontario universities as a group must deal with; Rosenberg said that each university must deal with this matter by rearranging the financial priorities of its budget; Pan stressed a policy of long-term planning, rather than a short-term response based on the demand for a particular program. None of the three candidates made any firm statements about the peculiar problems of smaller universities whose very existence is in jeopardy becuase of falling enrolments. Breithaupt did say, however, that, if necessary, some sort of “correcting action” should be taken in light of “population growth and changing birthrate patterns. ’ ’ Pan stated that “universities should not be shut down for lack of finances. ”
GRADUATION
No. 2 $46.50
-_
The economic cutbacks are coming and UW has started looking into alternative means of financing the education machine. Here chevron action photographer randy hannigan snapped the university dean making a quick sale. Recycled apples are apparently a good sales pitch, and may we/I hold the key to your education. The scurrying election candidates don’t have anything better to offer.
.- erratum
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the act’s stipulations. ” This statement should have read “no reason why students should not be exempted.” The chevron apologizes to Mr. Cooper for any inconvenience he may have been caused.
The story “Rent board act criticized” in the August 15 issue of the chevron attributed to Ross Cooper the claim that “he could see no reason why students should be exempted from
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Question 5 asked respondents to indicate what they think the average salary for each rank of university teachers is at present and what it should be. All three differed concerning the first part of the question. As for the second part, Rosenberg proposed a modest increase, Breithaupt stated that university teachers were now receiving “reasonable compensation” and Pan said that she did not feel qualified at this time to answer the question. The next question dealt with the fact that the salaries of university professors have been falling relative to those of high school and community college teachers. Rosenberg contended that this was not right, that professional salaries should be increased, and that the faculty might have to form a union to achieve that objective. Breithaupt contended that the government should not change the salary structures at the universities, but he did agree that faculty members had the right to organize in order to “improve their personal situations. ” Pan pointed out that the strong collective bargaining units of the high school and community college teachers were responsible for changes in the pecking order, and that university teachers, would do well to emulate these groups. The last question asked if the candidates were satisfied with the existing situation wherein many university graduates working outside the university earn higher starting salaries than those paid to the faculty who taught them. Rosenberg and Pan felt this should not be the case. Pan felt it was an “unfortunate example of the irrationality of an unplanned economy where long-term objectives are sacrificed in favor of the needs of short-term market demands . ’ ’
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We are a personnel firm, specializing in the placement of recent graduates with our clients in Toronto and Ontario communities. This is a free service to candidates looking for their starting career position. If you are going to be graduating or have finished in the following, please send us a resume or call collect:
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*
6
friday,
the chevron
9:30 The Mutant Hour 12:OO Jazz with Ian Murray 3:00 Mad Frog Part Two
Housing hints .
Are you a tenant or a boarder? It is important to know which category you fall into since you may not be protected by the Landlord and Tenant Act. In general, if the occupant has exclusive possession of the premise she/he is considered a tenant’ and so are covered. But you are probably a boarder if: _. a) the landlord controls the time you come and go b) or if he restricts the hours you can have visitors c) or if you have to share your part of the premises with other occupants d) or if you use bathroom or kitchen facilities outside of your room or apartment. Also if the landlord provides services such as meals, cleaning, laundering, etc. and is free to enter your room to p’i-ovide these services, then you are a boarder or a roomer. As such you are legally termed “licensees for payment”. If you are a boarder or a roomer there are no formal requirements as to notice to quit. Both the landlord and the roomer only have to give “reasonable notice”. However, this may vary from landlord to land-
lord. If your landlord should evict you, you cannotget acourt order to let you into your room. All you can do is sue him or her for damages. Damages would be slight compared to the inconvenience involved. Should your room be burglarized the boarder cannot sue for tres- ’ pass, only the landlord can. Roomers however are pro tee ted by the Ontario Human Rights Code, and also theoretically protected by municipal building standards (in Kitchener only). Your goods are protected insofar as the landlord must take reasonable care over locks, who is allowed into the Frklay building, and who he rents the 1l:OO room to. Therefore a roomer could 12:15 sue the landlord if the roomer’s 12:45 property is stolen due to the 3:00 landlord’s negligence. The roomer 3:20 may also change the locks or add 5:30 new ones ; so may the landlord. 8:00 Other than the above mentioned, the roomer has no protection at all. A landlord may evict a roomer simply for trying to assert his or her rights. A checklist dealing with room and board is included in the 9:00 Student Housing Handbook and deals with the responsibilities of the landlord and the boarder. -sandy
mcdonald
530
Saturday Septemper 13 3:00 James Higginson 6:00 Explorations 8:30 People’s Music with Oscar ‘and Barry 9:30 The nine to twelve 12:OO Signoff Sunday September 14 1l:OO Censored Obscenities with Gary Meade I 2:30 They call it World News 3:00 Music 6:00 Music 9:00 Election ‘75-Interview 9:30 Music 12:OO Signoff Monday 1l:OO 12:15 12:45 3:00
\ September 12 Live from Campus Centre Stories with Marilyn Turner Music-Mike UraTransplanting-Professor Tiessen ’ Music-Dave Thompson The Mad Frog Show, Pt. 1 Election ‘75 Discussion with Meg Young, NDP candidafe Kit., Morley Rosenburg NDP candidate Kit. ,.and Jack Kersell, NDP candidate in Wat. CHILE: In co-operation with Chilean students from UW a programme on Chilean culture and music will be presented.
3:15 6:00 6:30 9:00 9:30 12:OO
September 15 Live Campus Centre Stories-Marilyn Turner Music Perspectives-United Nations Radio Music Election ‘75 Music Sexuality and Humankind Music Signoff
Tuesday 1l:OO 12:15 12:45 2:45
September 16 am Live-Campus Centre Stories-Marilyn Turner Music SCOPE-United Nations Radio 3:00 Music
6:30 9:00 9:30 12:OO
September
12, 1975
Symposium on Non-Violence Unseen Violence and the Illusion of Peace Music Election ‘75 Interview Music Signoff
Wednesday Septembe’r 17 1l:OO Live-Campus Centre 12:15 Stories-Marilyn Turner 12:45 Music 3:00 *Music 5:00 Pre-Election Warmup in co-operation with the CBC Harry Brown & Professor John Wilson 6:00 Music 8:30 Is This It? News and Commentary 9:00 Bill Culp Presents 9:30 Labour News 1O:OO Live Broadcast from CC PUB PHASE 12:OO Signoff Thursday 1l:OO 12:15 12:45 3:00 6:00 8:00
September 18 ii&ampus Centre Stories-Marilyn Turner Music Music Music ELECTION ‘75 In co-operation with the CBC, Radio Waterloo and CKWR present complete election coverage including provincial summaries, reports from Toronto, Ottawa, Windsor and Guelph; complete local coverage. AnchorPaul Wrightman, ColourProfessor Leo Johnson
in concert
MYLES and ‘LENNiE and THE GARFIELD BAND September 16th, 8:00 PM Humanities Theatre Tickets on sale at the Federation Office, W.l.U.-S.A.C., Conestoga College, Art’s Recreation, Waterloo, Sam’s, Kitchener. Tickets: Adtiance$2.60 Students. *50 cents more at the doo*r Sponsored by the Federation
DISCOUNT
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friday,
September
the chevron
12, 1975
A/US moves on stydent OTTAWA(CUP)-Students ac-ross Canada this fall are being asked to sign a petition demanding “student participation” in student aid decision-making, aid eligibility criterion which are “flexible and realistic”, and removal of “the financial barriers to education-no more student debt.” : The launching of the National Student Aid Petition Campaign was announced August 29 by the National Union of Students (NUS), the three “year old organization which represents students nationally. But whether studen; in all provinces will get an opportunity to sign the petition, and whether the national campaign will succeed at all, depends to a large extent on the response of local and provincial student unions to the NUS proposal. Just what that response will be is not certain at this time. The Atlantic Federation of Students (AFS) has given its unqualified support to the campaign according to NUS executive secretary, Dan O’Connor. The Ontario Federation of Students (OFS), the largest provificial student organization in the counb try, has supported the petition “in principle” but has refused to commit staff or resources to the campaign . And the British Columbia Student Federation (BCSF) has said they will support the petition and work on it, but only after other priority issues such as housing are dealt with early in the fall. ’ Individual student unions at Memorial in Newfoundland, Calgary, the University of Alberta, Winnipeg, Brandon and the Reisey Institute in Sas katoon have already responded favourably to the campaign. Sirice the materials explaining the campaign have only recently been released, O’Connor expresses optimism that more will soon be responding favourably.
Open
The Demands
The first of the three demands of the petition is to: “Make student aid decisions without secrecy and with participation by student representatives .” According to a pamphlet being prepared to accompany the petition, this demand arises because “at most post-secondary institutions it has been recognized that student participation results in better decisions. ’ ‘. “Despite the institutional trend’ ’ , the pamphlet states, “students have virtually NO say in the decisions regarding student aid programmes. ” The result is that “decisions are usually made by isolated government bureaucrats with some advice from institutional officials” who fail to realize “the problems that individual students face when dealing with student aid regulations.” Students should be involved at all levels of decision-making which effect their lives and the quality of their education, and should be represented on federal-provincial policy groups, provincial student aid committees and appeal boards, NUS says. The second demand is for “flexible and realistic eligibility criteria” specifically: -a more flexible criteria for what constitutes financial “independence” of a student; -aid for part-time students; -lowering the amount of money which parents are expected to contribute to support a dependent student; -increasing the maximum amount of money which students can receibe, which is presently “well below the poverty line”, and -rolling back the unrealistic increases in the amount of money a student must save through the summer earnings, despite the high summer unemployment rates. . The third and final item on the petition is to ‘ ‘remove the barriers
Tues. to Sat. 9 to 6 p.m. Thurs. Closed Mondaws - Free Parkina
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to education-no more student debts .” NUS takes the position that grants should form the basis of the aid s ys tern rather than loans, and says that loans deter people, particularly those from low-income backgrounds, from attending post-secondary institutions. The pamphlet cites recent examples of provinces and the federal government raising the loan ceilings and reducing grant portions of the aid package “at a time when people need more, not less, support.” National
7
Co-ordination
. Calling the petition “the students first national manifestation of their demands” on student aid, NUS says the object of the petition is to provide “visible support” for the demands that student organizations have been making “through the collection of the signatures of a significant proportion of postsecondary students .” Once collected, NUS plans to have the signed petitions presented to Parliament and the provincial legislatures sometime in the late fall “to restore a strong lobby” for student aid reform. According to the NUS release, the Canada Student Loans Plan came into existence in 1964 “as a result of a strong student lobby”. NUS feels that, since then, and with the collapse of the Canadian Union of Students in 1969, many of the current problems in the aid system have developed-due to the absence of an effective national
lobby. Provincial campaigns, NUS says, can be “safely ignored” by federal and provincial authorities because they have “little national coordination. ” The one provincial organization which seems least impressed with the need for “national coordination” is the OFS which NUS president Pierre Ouellette described in an interview as “the trouble spot”. OFS chairman John Shortall, President of the Student Federation at the University of Waterloo, outlined OFS’s dissatisfaction with the campaign. He said they were not given sufficient opportunity to discuss the campaign prior to the decision by the NUS central committee, and had the whole thing “sprung on us”, after the fall programme from OFS had a.@eady been set. Another serious reservation according to Shortall, is that they disagree with the petition tactically. A petition campaign‘& Ontario last year met with limited success, ”
and some feel that the situation in Ontario has developed to the point where students are prepared to “go ‘beyond the petition” as a form of political action. According to Shortall, it is “difficult to change our strategies and priorities to include a campaign with which we disagree tactically. ” But he does not rule out the possibility that OFS might change its tiind as a result of discussions with NUS and other provincial organizations. “We don’t want to go against the rest of the country, and we still may not do that” he said, but added that although OFS doesn’t want to “look like Ontario chauvinists” they “might have to.” Shortall expressed hoTje that a planned series of meetings beginning in October between NUS and the provincial organizations to discuss their mutual roles and structures will resolve some of the problems which have been occurring in Coordinating provincial and national strategies.
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the chevron
10,000 draft dodgerscould go home Enrollment
MONTREAL (CUP)-As many as 10,000 draft dodgers living in Canada don’t know they are completely free to return to the US and are not wanted for draft evasion. According to the War Resistor Information Program (WRIP) this is the situation facing thousands of men heedlessly separated from their families. The WRIP program, designed to inform war resistors of their status and to aid them in returning home, is now desperately trying to rectify the situation by reaching as many men before they ’ cease operations at the end of this year. WRIP Co-ordinator Tim Maloney says the list of wanted
men that Senator Kennedy provided the program has only 4,400 names on it, although 192,000 allegedly dodged the draft during the Vietnam War era. This means that thousands of men are free to enter the States without any problem. Maloney also notes that for those on the list with charges against them, the WRJP program has a 75 percent success rate in getting the charges dismissed while the men remain safely in Canada. WRIP helps many military deserters because the numerous procedural and. legal errors made by the military open the door for several types of discharges. WRIP’s biggest problem is reaching and convincing war resis-
ARTS SOCIETY
tors to contact their office in Winnipeg. Tim Maloney explains that war resistors do not associate together making it difficult to contact sizable numbers. As many of them have tried to forget their bitter experience in the US they have assimilated as quickly as possible into the Canadian-way of life.
However, Maloney urges all draft dodgers who want to return to the US either to live or visit with friends and relatives to contact their office with the collecJ call number of (204) 774-9323. He says the service is free but funding runs out at the end of this year so those wishing to contact WRIP should do so immediately.
ELECTIONS
1
Nomination& Open: Wed., Sept. 17 . Close: MOnm, Sept. 22, 5 pmmm
OTTAWA (CUP)-Advance statistics on education released August 29 by Statistics Canada show that university and college enrollment is expected to increase this year. ’ Estimates for the 1975-76 school year indicate university enrolment will be up about 3.5 percent and college enrolment 4.4 percent while the number of elementary and secondary school students continues to decline. University enrolment is estimated at 363,000 and college enrolment at 220,000. The number of full-time post-secondary teachers is estimated at 47,600 up 1,300 or 2.9 percent over 1974-75. Elementary-secondary enrolment is expected to drop 1.3 percent to 5.5 million in 1974-75. The decline is expected to continue into the early 1980’s, reflecting the low
INUKSHUK
September
12, 1975
up birth rate of the last decade. Fulltime teaching staff is expected to be 271,800, down 800 from 1974-75. Total national expenditure on education for 1975-76 is estimated at $12.2 billion, up 15.5 percent from a year earlier. But spending on education as a percentage of personal income, and gross national product has declined since 197 1 despite the increases in dollars spent. Education costs have not risen as quickly as those for other social services. Per capita spending for education in 1974 averaged $472 nationally. The breakdown by provinces : Alberta $497, Ontario $489, Quebec $479, Manitoba $450, Prince Edward Island $449, Nova Scotia $441, Saskatchewan $415, British Columbia $412, Newfoundland $396, New Brunswick $396.
GALLERIES
INC
1976 Eskimo Calendar
Representatives Required From: 1 Anthropology 1 Sociology .Gen. Arts 3. First Year 7 Poli. Sci. 1 Psych. 2 English 1
’
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-- Nomination Forms Available At ARTS SOCmOFFICE: HH 178A exf. 2322 ELECTIONS TO BE HELD SEPT. 25,1975: Thursday.
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iday,
September
the chevron
12, 1975
CIA past catching CUP)-The past is catching up vith Ms Magazine editor Gloria iteinem, who has been accused by adical feminists this past summer vith subverting the women’s novement. The charges stem from comblaints of radical feminists that the ‘soft” feminist content of Ms dagazine is counter-productive to he movement, and that it creates he false impression that the vomen’s movement and radical bolitics are separable. But most importantly, the harges have to do with Steinem lerself, and her past involvement vith the Central Intelligence igency . A radical feminist group called ledstockings released a report last day detailing Steinem’s activities with the Independent Research iervice (IRS) in the late 50’s and arly 60’s. IRS, the Redstockings pointed but, was a CIA front group funded o disrupt and monitor activities at he Communist World Youth Fesivals, and Steinem was its full-time Xrector . Steinem did not deny the charge hat-the CIA fund-ed her group, but esponded at first by claiming she aw nothing wrong, and by calling he accusation that she was subrerting the movement ridiculous. She said the CIA did not tell her roup what to do, and that she did lot make reports on who attended br what went on at the Youth Festi3.lS.
But the Redstockings came into bossession of a 13 page report by
_ University
up with
Steinem written after one of the Festivals which detailed the names of participants, political affiliations and other political intelligence about those who attended. Steinem’s attempt at ignoring the charges failed, and the issue came to a head in August when a women’s conference at Sagaris, Vermont dissolved into factions over whether to accept funding from the Ms Foundation, as planned by the organizers, without an adequate rebuttal from Steinem. Steinem sent a letter to the conference explaining her case, and admitted in it for the first time that accepting the CIA funding “was a mistake”. But she also attempted to take an offensive move by accusing her attackers of engaging in a ‘ ‘McCarthyite attempt” to discredit her. Not everyone was impressed with Steinem’s rebuttal. In fact, a third of the women then withdrew from the Sagaris conference and held an alternate meeting nearby. Betty Freidan, a Steinem ally turned antagonist, was one of them. “By dismissing the Redstacking charges as McCarthyism” she said, “I don’t think she (Steinem) shows respect for the women’s movement. She doesn’t answer the charges sufficiently and it’s dangerous to dismiss real evidence of infiltration. ’ ’ Real evidence of infiltration is what some of the women at the Sagaris meeting said they found at the conference itself. Two or three women who were passing back and forth between the pro and anti-
Catholic
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Steinem factions were accused of spreading misinformation, causing confusion, and generally acting as “agents provocateurs’ ’ . They denied working for the government or any agency. Barbara Seaman, a writer on women’s health matters who left the conference early, claimed “the women’s movement is being ravaged, and no-one is getting any work done. It is clear to me that there are agents working to bust s 7 up.” Steinem herself did not attend the conference, and stayed at her post at Ms magazine where a rift over the Redstocking charges has reportedly developed. She did find time, however, to attend the UN International Women’s Year Conference in Mexico City earlier in the summer. There Steinem became a focal member of the faction promoting the US position that women’s problems could be solved in isolation from other social problems. . Third World, socialist and communist delegates insisted that improvement in the situation of women first requires broad social and economic change. -
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-points. But by re-examining zand ratic rights and the only way to sucReview and Reten‘year issues came up in the. by theRenison Renison, a little known Anglican _ --teed is if we are strong and united. that --Marlene’s, ,evaluating what we I have. done, it Council, deci- . tion Committee college, affiliated to UW; and di- L‘Student-Faculty gives-us a foundation to work from This year at Renisqr is extremelycontract not’be renewed. There is vidkd from the main campus by the ._ sions were made democratic-ally, this year and for the coming years; important- to the students and we no student representation on that winding Laurel Creek, became the committee 1 : Like I’ve already stressed, stu: -have no choice but to stand up and scene of last year’s major coni- - I believe Marlene had course dents have to defend their democfight for our-just demands. , troversy? and the focus of attention -’ evaluation_swhich she asks her stu- _ for /many -in Canada’s academic - _: i dents to fill out every-year to community. evaluate her courses; These were Last October -the college princi- i d totally disregarded. by the review’ pal, )ohn Towler, served notice of z board. It would seem obvious from termination to academic dean Hugh this that the administration doesn’t Miller,-and social science professor , care-or want to know about student Reinson College is continuing-&, systematic program of purging jeffery Forest, and,gave birth to “the’ views. from its midst all professors’ who repr<sent a progressive trend in Renison Affair”. \_ . It’s not a’ matter of whether or education: To~date the College can list in its &edits of moves against Students claimed the firings were - not Marlene stays. The issue is that progressive academics-dismissal of-academic dean Hugh Miller politically motiyated.zhe -VW $astudents didn’t. have a ‘say in ‘the s and social-science professor Jeffrey Forest, as’well as the-banning of c&y >Association, dfteraninvestigadecision1 also feel that this points Human Relations professor Marsha Forest, from voluntary teamtion, agreed. The profs bcja*im,ed that teaching with-colleagues at Renison. In addition, a popular partout the value and necessity of stuproper notice had notbeen given . dent evaluations. of their profs. A - - time faculty member, Sami %upta from Man & Environment; has and thatthe procedure used rancon- ’ s-tandardized evaluation of all crofs ’ -, been dropped from the faculty; it .-is -very clear that Gupta- was trary to. the guidelines set outiy tbe which could- be used $y the smsupportive of the protest movement which grew up around the other i;‘aiadiah Association of UniveTsity dents would be really good in terms firings. Sandra Sachs, who tea&ii Chinese Xhought and culture Teachers (CAUT). knowing who-students like and ’ courses at Renison on a’part-time basis had her course load cut to Miljer.negotiated his own settleMarlene Wether _ of ’ / ,,.--4. CA, ,,,c, WsLIll.lV1 plum. one course; she also took a stand in opposition to the firings. Sachs merit, tihi/ci FO[f?St, back&d $Y the, the principal over-rode some ofthe has since moved to Montreal. chevron 8’ \ UW faculty -association and CAM, d ecisions made in the bodv.’ ,This -. .What . is your opinion of the But Renison wasn’t satisfied with the emxtent of its housecleaning decision- on PrOfeSSOr challengeci the kollege. ’ - authoritarian attitude disturbed a- arbitration last year Over the summer,-it has carried,out yet another hatchet I J($frey PoFest? ‘. I Lengthy negotiatjons b~o.!%~t the lot of students and faculty, SO aiGeorge The report is very damag: SC -job; Professor Marlene Webber, a fulltime faculty mernl%r,in social case to binding arbitration and Of the d&s were pressing for a-constituwork and interdisciplinary social science has been advised by-the ing to Jeff. It makes- many allega45 ~SSUft?S/aid b~f+lre’ fh&"arbitratOr &on and talking a lot &out just Faculty Retention and Review Committee that they have recomtions which anyone who has been tpvo were found in th&ollege’s _what sort of things were going on. mended that her three year probationary term contract not be re= involved in thecase%tnd followed it favour These two, were deemedsuf-. .J Then the fuings happened which newed. ficient by arbitrator David johnston, last year just can’t accept. The” really crystalized the student ’ It is highly unusualfor any university department to force such a dean of the law faculty at the-ilniver_movement and the RAA emerged RAA took ajust stand on the issue -rapid turnover of faculty-in such a short period. NI.eanwhile, Renisity of Western Ontario, 10 justify the*- . as. the-representative and still holdsthat Forest should be body of the son is rapidly hiring new faculty members7two fUtime and five _ non-renewal of forest’s cofZr;?&- ,acadkmic students at ‘Renison. _ allo wed- to ‘teach and that students I par+me members have been ,added to its Social Development A key force thioughou,t The dischevron What did the RAA do last _ ‘should have a say, in these deciStudies Program in the same period of the firings;. dismissals, cut pUte was the Renison Academic AS--:( ye&. and on wha base was it fightsions. >course loads and nonrrenewal -of contracts. .’ sem b/y (RAA), a Renison - student ing? . Renison’s -activities are well known, not only, on this campus but group which- protested--- the >firings George The fiis t thing that the R’AA in academic communities.across the country. For most, it refreshes and called for more student repdid was that we issued a set of dethe memory of Simon Fraser’s 1968 purge of seven or eight memresentation at the college. In pursuit mands, the main points being that bers of, the I?SA Department. ). _ of its demands the ‘RAA exhausted we -wanted the reinstatement of I Renison reminds everyone of Simon Fraser becauie the condinormal channels and took to more Miller and the Forests and a retions are similar. In both cases, every faculty member under fire is. novel and militant action: a’mock organization of the governing part of the trend to.democratise university teaching and governing funeral for the “death of academic Students . bodies. This is certainly the case at Renison College. freedom at Renison” was held, the-.---- bodies at the college. . . were concerned that/Miller and theIt is common to all the faculty members under the gun at Renkon Art’s faculty council was persistently Forests had been fired, or given , that they support democratic and progressive trends within Ithe lobbied, and the dean of Art’s offices .- notice. of termination of conuniversityand the larger community. All have fought for -d8mobatic were occupied. _ / tract-there’s not much. differ, rights for-faculty and students. The _Student-Faculty Council at With. the-start of a new a”cademic the hubof democratic decision-making. In the past; all 1 . I Remsonis year, and with the experience of /tist ence9 but alSo the most FPortant issue was that students did& have Yfaculty had voting privileges and students -participated in bothyear. behr’nd her, the chevrcin inter) any input into this -decision, The 1 elected and voluntary ca$acities . These gains had. been -won. long vkwed jenn CeoFge, chabpdn qf whole undemocratic and arbitrary _ , _ ._ _ _ the RAA r __ 0.. _ before John .Towler was brought’ in as princ@a.l. manner in which the whole bitua.fiiings, Towler stoppe’d calling meetings of this --j,\ ” . After lastyear’s eh&On What k the RAA and why ‘& tion was handled. ‘-The -pfincipd body’ and concentrated all powers ifi the-hands of the $ministr:a; was it formed-? * and the Board-of ,Governors just , tion. Over the summer, Towler announced that the Student-FacultyGeorge The Renison Academic As- ’ .handed’down this decision, like it Council has been recons-titut&l as Faculty Council and -elected sembly is the student organizption student representation has been cut. In addition, part-time faculty have been stripped of participation-and voting rights. . ‘chevron ‘~Looking- back on: y,ourdefend the interests and rights of :- s*ent’s fights.& have ‘a say-in To furtherconcentrate power away f&m the Council;~‘fhe a& struggle last -year; .what bav&you the students at the college: It was what was happening. Towler and ministration has formed a ‘ fcollegeAdvisory .~ouncil? &@h no learned? 1 , ’ formed last year as a regilt of the the’ .Renison board of governors . student representation and faculty I ap@ntments handpicked by ’ I__ back on last year firhF of Hush Miller, Jeff Fore+, / (BOG) seemedto f-d to redize t-h& GeorieInlooking Towler. ’ - ’ ‘I and the banning of MarshaForest and lqokingahead tothe future;,the students have a vested interest in . . All these moves aredemonstrative of the a~&nin’istr&&~s attacks from Renison. However,-you have _t h eir .education decisivefactor is that students have and -want. input. against hard- won democratic rights by faculty and students_to. realize though that before the fir- ’ This also raised the point that stul .-to be..organized and thatjt jus t can’t -democratic rights. which had-made-Renisoninto a dynamiccomill&i &Xe WeI33 students Or@@lg. dents _have- t,he right, it’s not la be, a few students , but-all students. munity with a free exchange of ideasand which were on the way to at the, college. A series of events Thatstudents have to have a strong privilege, to have a say in our edumoving Renison into a model of demicratic decision-making in the _ that happened prior to the-firings, - catioy, that’s what we must fight union and it ha.s.tode$ with issues _university community. actions of the principal, John for, __ ._ , , (_ s that concern: students and which ‘. In, addition to the &active work -of winning democratic‘-rights c Towler, caus,ed ,a lot of uirest at _ dl&@d$itst y&r i&f& ‘a .\i&y tar+ - .:, the largest possible majority of stu- X. around -which all the defrocked faculty <members were engaged, what was happenmg at the college. d,ems can unite around. ’ ,_,most of them are‘clearly progressive_individuals. They have demon@lent time at- Rehison;--what is With the situation at Renisonthe chevkn What were%these- eVent!3?- ‘ahead for the strated support for national liberation struggles and iook up a-p&i-., ----------~ -----RAAT’ ’ way it is now, students art : going to -tion within the university of building, support for the native people’s George Well ,, at the college ,: then i ’ barge The most important is&is ’ have. to be‘ extremely strong and struggle--forl&nd hereditary rights and national sovereignty in is, or was, the Student Facult: ’ -to build-the RAA sothat it is a present .a utted front to the ad: , Canada$At. one-point, f-he- Student?Faculty Council voted a $lOq s Councuwhere,faculty and student 1 strong union of students +-so that we’. minis t&ion in orderto get student _ contribution to the Qjibway Warriors - Society-a democratically sat and discussed- affairs and mat m“, can defend- our interests which re$resentatipn at the coll@ge, -taken decision which Towler attempted to veto. ters 1in connection with the w&k . right now. are-not .getting represenwhich’ most. other. student governMarsha Forest, Jeff ,Forest;- &Iarlene Webber, Hugh Miller, ings of Renison. The students o@ ‘:y. tation-at the college/While stumerits on caml5us already have..” Sandra Sachs- andSan$ Gul3ta all ‘enbouraged students tostudy and e: -dents were’away for the summer, Also, like a& organizationZ2 we investigate the real world, to adopt methods-of scien:tific investiga5 the. administration disbanded--the ’ have our strong&i& Andy weak tion in the pursuit of objective’facts about the social, political and t Student-Faculty Council and bhas -- _..,._._ ~’ economic dorganization of Canada and the world. They supported now-established the Faculty Coun-- -” g students i in’ taking up activist positions in the university and the $, ..:..:: cil, where two students will be al- .~~~~ lowed tb sit. i thilrk that this clearly - community. g&.~ ,~~~~.~.~ Marlene Webber and ‘Marsha Pores/t also initiated popular reflects the intention of the ,BOG! ;$‘; courses concentrating on the economic basis of the oppression of and Towler. Also, last year a PI@- -::..c:+ .,.: women. Tem-&mmitt& was est&fished to ~.$$.$ The point is that in all cases these faculty represented the democ$jj&~ try- an& “w&kwGout the differ&ces i”,...I._‘”;:; ratic- aspirations of faculty and students and several developed amongst the administration’, fa.+ .-culty and students. Iti mati pur$3 positions _in, the university -and’ in the _community as progressive intellectuals who took a just stand on-national ‘and internation@ posewasto workon a c~n~tit@on‘- ~~~~~~~~ . _ ~~~~~~~ issues. -, and .establis h the governing bodies. ;zGp; ::;.Q.+ NOW, when we get back to school~~~~~~ Renison contends that they are getting rid of their incompetents; y;<;:;;:p:.. z~*.y. the same position that the-Simon Fraser administration ‘fook whenitthis fall, we find all these changes f$@ housecleaned.. The facts speak for themselves; the political purge that have- taken place over the +$ ,_ continues-at Renison. summer, but this Pro-Tern Com-. - mittee never met. ’ The chevron prints this editorial to make7ts position on the Renison kevrm It seems that social science Affair quite c/ear. In fairness to the university community and in an professor &Iarlene Webber will not effort to ,open up debate .on Renison ais space wiPbe -left &ear next have her contract renew.ed, How week foQXenison principal .)ohri TowLet- JO give his vers(ion ,,on the’does the’RAA viewthis? -- . - :_ co[lege% tapid l.urnov& of. staff. -_ _ ~ JennGearge i “- Georgeit has been recommended ..Marsha FoiWt .r
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friday,
the chevron
September
Maxell Shure Stanton Sony * Klipsch Thorens -Mtirantz Revox Koss Superscope B.G.W. Dual Avid J.B.L. Fons Transcriptor S.M.E. . 44 King St. S.
576-7730
Waterloo, Ontario
THE I HAIRCUTTING
PLACE
One of Canada’s largest chains of Hair Salons is now located in Kitchener. Our
FOR PEOPLE WHO DON7
LIKE TO GET THEIR HAIR CUT
’
12, 1975
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“Ford looked last fall as, if he Nixan dr-Gnistra~i*n the co+Ig of Gerald Foid[O president at ’ -&s.+ h-t of second RtSnaissayCe. Quri?! the ’ would be a caretaker the mercy of Capitol .Hill ,’ : said the onths since\he &sum&he pr&kncy, however, Ford h’as done nbthrng to “That did the fact that the President and vice arralif the be/&f ‘that MS interests’ are a’ny different from th’ose of his ‘JUb’ 28 ‘I%& JWga?me* president are not -a team. . . I?riDark Ages &he
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economy-and instability in foriegn &airs h& cost him considerable not proveto be the case.-The popular support .‘“A recent Harris l edecessor. Ib -ihe ,fo//owing”&tic/e, reprinted from the New York aemocrats turned out-to have too - vately, Ford,: .has no intention ‘of poll shows only 38% ef the people uardik, the &h-or examines Ford’s re?ord io ‘$fice and draws sonie ’ dropping Rocky, who he keeps fnmany membersfor their own good approving the way he handles his ?nc/u$ons as to,what may be expected bf Kim in the months and years to splin[sisting is not really a liberal., He and, their: leadership job, a drop from Q%‘m little more Ime. ’ ’, admires his veep’s abilities .‘and * i tered.. . With his 25 years’.experi. ’ than amonth. y Carl Davidson ’ ‘gate. ,It is still continuing through ence in.th+-Iouse, Ford exp@hd needs him on the ticket to win indeNonetheless the President_ ‘has pendentand ‘Democratic votes in Just over a year has passed since ‘- the massive “give up a little to prohis advantage. Knowink ins tincnot, only saved his predec,essor’s the election.“’ . le reins of U. S . presidential power tect a lot” whitewash,of the CIA’s tively whichlegislators to approach ’ program, he has saved his party as invol-vement in assassinations and.-and which to avoid, he got on, the “For the ‘minute,” concludes ere thrust into th_e hands of well. In the eyes of the ruling class, x+ eraId .Ford by the resignation of - domestic’ spying. . _, phone andrequested their help to, Time, “the President appears to be that is an -important accomplish\ ichard Nixon. ’ I _~ I ’ y Foreign aggression and sub-v ment deserving of the award of four ’ \ W-hat are some of the rest&s of* version. Here the continuity is ,more years inthe-Oval Office. . . Lat change0 How-has the present most, obvious, since Secretary- of . zcupant of the White ‘House manState Henry Kissinger and Defense ;ed to cope with the “ugly gas- -’ Secretary James Schlesinger have I’-SPECIAL SALE, . ons”‘ and “polarization”-that he ‘served under both Nixon and Ford. ’ (_’ - iHIS WEEK .- \ rgefed last year ,,as the ,legacy of ; . Fords gun--boat diplomacy h, ‘the is predecessor? :f . .-’ Mayaguez affair also demonstrated ON’FURNITURE ’ that ., ;. he The key fact is that ZPresident learned nothing - STUDEMT DESKS ord has been a worthy successor fromt’he U :S ,-defeat ‘in Indochina. ETC. -) President Nixon. The “pd, ‘Instead- he has threatened -Arab NEW .& SECOND- ’ ’ ons” have been temporarily. de- . countries with invasion, Korea rsed while . the previous with’nuclear weapons and Portugal reactionary dministration’s with a Chile-style coup. Under the u-e&n and domestic policies have c guise’ of “detente,” contentioneen pushed .ahead virtually intact. 1 \w@h the Soviet- Union has’ been On the surface of even@,howstepped up in Europe and Ford is ver, there appears. to,be a world of ‘now calling,for an increase in /the’ ’ ifference. The bourgeois press; arms budget as th_e American rhich played an imporfant role in people’s “first priority” in “soringing about Nixon’s downfall, . c&l;, spending. as been almost rhapsodic, in its The clas,s basis of unity between raise of Ford. “Honesty,” “apethe Ford and .Nixon ladministraare the ess” and. “sensible” tions is no secret’and can be sum; atchwords applied .to his ruling med up in o&word: Rockefeller. $m, re,placing thelabels of ( ‘im- -, c The .Lnation s ,most powerful. erial,” “arrogant’‘-and “ ‘deceitmonopoly financial group was the 11” attached to the Nixon regime. backbone of both regimesand in +His enemies list, if he has one,” both cases has sought the Republican Party’sconservativeright wing aid Time magazine of /Ford re; ently , “must be the shortest on as its closest. ally against various ecord. By his own behaviour, he ‘ ‘liberal” electoral co&ions that as blotted out the sordidness of could be formed within th>,DemocL j\ ratic Part . . he Nixon years . . .Ford has, in efCct,‘restoredthe presidency to the Itis in t-iiis arena-the shaping of imeric’an people, and the response , electoral coalition&that the dif‘ference 6 ‘style”. between Nixon as -been one of relief:-and 356 Kit’@ St. W. -) ratitude. ” and”Ford is most’ evident and ackitchener I , The reality of the past 12 months,_ _ quires some politic:4 substance. - It 6. course, has been quite at odds . is also where Ford appears to.‘be irith these carefully inspired illuhaving , his greatest success_ -_ and _i>. ions. The only thing “Good 01’ where Nixon faltered and ;fmally T ,j.‘.‘-.“;P _,.. “. , . m m .m\* m e m ( m ierry”-has restored to the Amerimet defeat. . -Y _ - Ffti L/i an people is the substance of !In putting together his “New . r__ < ‘. . I- . -: “, 1 . \ i . ,> \ Majority”.,coalition, -_ -> .Y 1, Jixon’s programs, including the I American \ Allntiinw VA-V . . ^“a=‘ -Nixtin’s .---_-- _ --IT=annroach ’ ;- ’ - ---~~ was to firm un ; I his allies by mobilizmg the.ir con‘- ,,- ( : i-vetoes of social welfare legislittle fan- .-&&&l~e stituencies h$foesA&~ ideolo’gi&ally .,aggress<;i and, to ., - -. ; ‘,,, - ‘:,” :;,-.,.:;.I*_I1’’ . ;,.: ‘-> ation. Whit surprisingly ,:-’ ‘are, the Ford White House -has % : I pt@%d~~tt~cb~~. ,;G - ;: *: ‘f i --. Tlj:fc y , Jlocked: or gutted ,bills passed by i&l p~&i@i.&cl , .” ‘. ‘.. L Zongress for public housing, jobs, ‘This reached ,a $eak in the 1970 ;chool improvements, strip mining election when Spire Agnew ,barn- . _ x : ,.. : ,, stormed the country denouncing.: ‘j ? !,- L) l striations , among others. I ’ _’ ‘ ‘radic-lib s’ ’ ’ and continued ., ’ -:~ l Advocacy ofrepressive legis..‘I‘I’ :r‘” .:, ‘..-: j _ “. : is $1 -_ ‘~1I. ation. Ford has quietlycham; I through the ~‘plumber$?.squad o$ e.t, y, ,: I bioned Senate .Bill S-l, -the “law .,erations. agaiq :the c Democratic I ., ,- , I md order” br&&fid of f.r”r;iei-$&. J’&&j$na,l~ C~~mi~te~~~~~~d~~~ters’ I’ ’ , ..*. ’ ’ orney General John Mitchell’s in the Watergate Hotel. ::v,:i.,+18‘-;’ $;‘ ‘7.1 %: *;. i‘ustice-Depar;tment. This proposed Nixon’s aim went- beyond win: ’ _ _ !overall reform” of theUS. Crimnmg4ections. He)w-anted a reac: -,. I tionary mass movement behind nal Code, ,now ,before Congress,. Qould virtually outlaw. the left. and him : that would rout .hiss.enemres jeople’s movements with measj . within the bourgeoisie> and enable i I him to impose a ‘:ma,ndate” on the rres sterner than those imposed . country for decades to come.. luring the. McGarthy era. Dngoing %outhern Strategy’ - --The problem with this approach, ‘minqity in the view of many mo.nopoly % l -Attacks \ on I capitalists,. was its instabuity. It nationalities. Keeping in step with provokeed resistance, among the ’ T Nixon’s white _ supremacist Ford has , people, which was already on the “Bouthern Strategyi” Mooed the Wallace‘,vote through , rise, and enhanced the influence of I against. the conservative right. While Rot_ iis pronouncements kefeller saw bthis ‘sector as his key :ourt-ordered busing of school:hil&-en in Boston and whipped up -ally, he also’ wanted it under his - I ~ :hauvinism‘ around thecountry control-and not vice versa. Ford’s approach here has been hrough his administration’s .at- _ - the opposite of Nixon’s. He has ‘tacks on f’illegal-&ens.i’~ : _ 6 (6Cove.rups”flof illegal .govem-: cast.- h.imself .,.as the great “ ‘con- _ I . nent activitiesFord’s sham :!canciliator”, and the opponent of, 1, &y’? ‘in, t@: fi&l’ beg&’ :~it$ hi& . “&x$&~~. “1’ :R&a T2thm:r @&ng ‘, . I ,‘: ‘, >ardon of Nixon, which was de- crusades, against his oppdnents , he I .: ,m .-; &med tn nil+ the licl’liack on WWwI bides his time’-untiI he ‘can deftlv ,’ .-.
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the chevron
friday,
RCMP b/a-d *
Motor Hdtel Tw 871
Victoria St. N. - 744-3511 NO JEANS PLEASE Every Wednesday is Singles Night IN THE CROWN ROOM THIS WEEK
CO4JLSON , EXFAhfSXON
Golden
Lion Lounge
-
Starlite Lounge
COPPERFIELD
LARRY I
Julie Ann Lounge - MILESTONE Next Week - RONNIE HAWKINS
SCHIEDEL
REGINA (CUP)-The RCMP is trying to create a mood of hysteria in Canada today, claimed Vern Harper, co-chairperson of the Toronto Warriors Society during a recent visit to Regina. Harper, referring to a confidential RCMP report which labelled red power as the principal threat to national security, accused the RCMP of trying to cre,ate a mood of general hysteria among the general public “to justify moving in later to repress native militants.” He termed the report “an attempt to smear the native movement, especially its left wing.” According to Mr Harper, the climate is for the government to step up legal repression against natives fighting for their rights. The report was prepared by the RCMP at the request of SolicitorGeneral Warren Allmanfor the United Nations International Crime Conference to be held in Amsterdam later this year.
The report said the RCMP had learned recently that certain Indian militants have been collecting arms and making open threats of violence and “if their demands are not met rapidly, it is conceivable that the Indian militants will try to reach their objectives through recourse to violence.” Qn August 6, RCMP Ottawa Headquarters acknowledged a report on terrorism was provided to the minister (Warren Allman) to be used at the 5th UN conference on crime. The report said, “Canadian Red Power movement has emerged as a principal threat to national stability. They strive not to overthrow dur government but for equitable treatment by society, satisfaction on native land claims and social and economic rights. ” The RCMP statement went on to say events that occurred in Quebec in 1970 and those subsequently arising throughout the world point
September
12,
1975
over to a necessity of providing Canadian officials with sufficient security reasons to-negate any possible threat from in or outside Canada. Regina RCMP are not making any statements concerning the report. However, Assistant Commissioner Gibben of the Regina detachment said, “I 1Ike to think we have a good relationship with natives in this province. What is said about the country as a whole doesn’t always apply to Saskatchewan.”
Bad housewife from
,Makes Great l’hsic from
Rock to Bach
page
23 -
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working for nothing! And single women with children are often afraid to strike because of their home situation. But if it makes sense to support each other, we also have to fight like hell to make sure we don’t end up paying. Every time we get better wages, working conditions, or social services, business tries to shift the bill to us-either through higher taxes or inflated prices. Business should pay. Women work for the capitalists and should be paid by them. It takes a constant struggle to keep up wages and keep down taxes and prices. But we can’t let the capitalists use the difficulty of that struggle to keep us fighting each other for the crumbs. Women need an income independent of their husband’s wage. This would free the husband from taking on extra jobs as their families grow. (Women should receive an allowance for each child.) It would also free the husbands to look for better jobs or to strike for better conditions without fear of immediately eating up a family’s savings. An independent income would also allow women to refuse to take a second job-one outside the home. And it would free them to get out of marriages which they stay in out of economic necessity. Compensation for women’s work is not a solution to the problem, of course. Housework was not God’s gift to women. It should not be delegated to them, and compensation for housework and child rearing should be extended to men as well. And none of us, men or women, should be working for the capitalists. We should be working for ourselves. But at least this is a step in our understanding of the role women play in production. In the home or out, our work is essential. Our position has been weak because we have not gotten together to fight for our due. Comment:
Although the idea ofpay for housework which is put forward in the above article seems problematic in terms of both practicality and desirability -(it threatens to institutionalize the division of labour it deplores), the article is sent out as an interesting discussion of a littlediscussed issue. It could be of special interest to university employees and married students. L--
-
iday, September
,
-.
12, 1975
the chevron
15
I need a ride, . ’ the K-W transit strike -
Photo by Randy Hannigan
ion’s view Due to the overwhelming majority of the embership of Local 304, Canadian Broth-hood of Railway, Transport and General ‘orkers turning down the proposal of May 1975, of the Corporation of the City of itchener (their final offer), I as president :lieve the time has come that the people of itchener are made aware of how difficult id trying this position is on the individual iver . The area Representative of our Union, yself, and three other members of the :gotiating team have sat through five meetgs with the personnel director. We have ready dropped our wage demands twice as ell as other items. However, the personnel rector insists on comparing our wages with e general workers of the city, instead of ith other Transit companies, as is the case all other cities. This is why we have ached a stalemate.
What it’s like to be a driver I will try to explain to the people the difrence in a bus driving position from other :partments. First of all, on the surface, to ost people, it would seem to be a soft touch 1drive a bus; however, let us explore the ternal day to day operations. A driver, hen hired, must have good health and a )od driving record. When you report for ork on the day shift, you normally get up at 30 AM, so that you report in between 5:20 M and 6:00 AM. If you sleep in, you stand a )od chance of losing half a day’s pay -which isn’t the case in other departments. addition to this, you will be dismissed if, in e Transit Manager’s view, you have had o many sleep-ins. A bus driver is under jnstant pressure from traffic conditions id is expected to be at a certain place at a ven time-not early, not late. A good case in point is the storm we had on pril 3rd. While some other cities closed )wn all transit operations, the Kitchener mivers, through loyalty to theirjob and con:rn for the public, had maintained the serce as best they could under existing condiIns. Another interesting item that people e not aware of, is that a bus driver does not :t a premium for working a night shift or for tturday and Sunday. We get time and a half ter 8 l/2 hours, other departments after 8 )urs. Some.drivers who start at 6:00 AM buld still be working at 6:00 PM and still ceive 8 hours pay. And while vacation time bmes for most people in July or August, any bus drivers cannot take them in this :riod as the service must go on. We have
vie
provided the city with a partial solution to this problem, but they have flatly refused it. One of the most aggravating situations of Kitchener Transit is meal time for drivers. At dinner or supper time a driver must eat his sandwiches and coffee at his best convenience which is approximately five minutes. If you are not finished you’can eat while you are driving or leave late and thus interrupt the schedule. Two cases in point, is one day I left the passenger terminal two minutes’early so that I could arrive at Berkley Square with seven minutes to eat. There was no inconvenience to the public by leaving early, as I
must wait at the Berkley
Square for the bus
following me. An Inspector who.noticed my early departure accosted me and said that I had left early. I in turn replied with sandwich
and coffee in hand that I realize this and I had done it for the purpose of eat. He was unconcerned The other case was when gathered at the passenger PM and had ordered some precisely at that time. The
providing time to about my reason.
some drivers
had
terminal at 11:lO hot food to arrive Inspector walked
in and when he saw the drivers eating he chased them out and then proceeded tomake out a report to his Superiors of this incident. Would you believe the inspectors are ex bus drivers? These are only two of many, and we feel
the obtrusive attitude of the inspector does nothing for the harmony of labor and management relations. When we brought this matter to the personnel director’s attention, he said to put a grievance in. Can you just imagine that we should go through the grievance procedure
on a matter
such as this ! You might well ask
yourself, there must be a provision for meals in the Employment Standards Act. Well there is and it reads : ‘ ‘Every employer shall provide eating periods of at least one-half hour or such shorter period as is approved by the Director, at such intervals as will result in no employee working longer than five
consecutive hours without an eating period”. To the Ontario Government, I would ask, are we less human than other employees of Ontario? When’we approached the personnel director with this article it seems there is an exception for bus drivers. I am sure there are no persons in city employ that must eat their meals with the constant fear of being re-
ported or to rush your food down lest you be late. I feel I am speaking for all drivers when I say that we do not expect an hour off to eat,
The city council is scheduled to meet at 7:OO p.m. on Monday, and that would be a good time r people to turn up and let their views be known. The council chambers are situated opposite the market square at 22 Frederick Street, Kitchfer.
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No one really likes a strike, least of all the people who must face a serious loss of wages while they’re out on the picket lines. But after several months of negotiations, and two reductions in their demands for a new contract, Kitchener bus drivers and mechanics are left with no other alternative. And unfortunately, the transit strike which began Monday could very well be a long one. We’re not blaming the transit workers. After settling last year for a contract that barely allowed them to keep up with inflation, they deserve a break. And their demands for better working conditions are only reasonable. The transit workers have tried to be patient. They gave the city several weeks’ notice of the strike both to allow the public to make alternative transportation arrangements, and also to give the city a chance to make a new offer. But so far the city has refused to budge from their original offer, claiming that if they give the transit workers more money then the other municipal workers will want to reopen their contracts, and that the improved working conditions that the bus drivers are seeking will cost too much money. As well, the Kitchener bus system operates on a deficit, so the longer the strike, the less money the city loses this year. Right now the city appears to be taking a nonchalant attitude and is settling in for a six to eight week strike. Letters to city council members explaining drivers’ grievances concerning working conditions have received no response.,*And after all, few council members use the bus system themselves. .. So where does that leave the average bus/rider? Certainly we have been able to get by with only minor inconvenience the past few days. But next week, and the week after, things are bound to get more difficult. It would be nice to settle this strike soon. Some mention should be made of the role of the K-W Record in this affair. A story headed “Bus riders frantic” in last Saturday’s paper was obviously designed to swing public opinion away from the transit workers. And a large photograph in Tuesday’s paper of a security guard hired to protect the buses against the possibility of vandalism only attempted to reinforce the Record’s view of “the striker as villain”. Anybody who rides a bus regularly knows this is a pretty heavily distorted impression of our city’s _bus drivers. We believe the striking transit workers are fighting for a just cause. It is neither to their advantage, nor to the public’s, to prolong this strike. Right now, the best tactic is to bring pressure to bear on the mayor and members of city council. Phone them and let them know how you feel. Perhaps then some serious negotiations can finally begin. but when ners and draw up lowed to
you notice the city has two planschedulers, they should be able to a schedule whereby a driver be alhave at least ten to fifteen minutes to go into the terminal and eat. I hope I have shown some of the reasons that make us different from other workers,
but these are the facts as any other driver will attest to. In 1974, City Council ‘approved 12% for
the drivers turned
and mechanics,
around
and they later
and gave the other
unions
a
$200 bonus to bring them up to us. We have no quarrel with the other unions, and we wish them well in their negotiations. In 1974, the Firefighters got 14% increase. The City Council didn’t see fit to give the Transit drivers a $200 bonus. Why were we excluded? At our last meeting, I suggested to the personnel director in a half jest manner that we wouldn’t mind 14% based on ‘his salary and he said, and I quote: “You could if you can do my job.” He couldn’t _have _ made a more accurate statement, and in turn, we said the same. If anyone in other departments want the higher wages of a Bus Driver
they are welcomed to apply, but it is highly unlikely as there is a high turnover of bus drivers.
In our current proposais we are not asking wage parity with the Firefighters. We are not asking parity with the T.T.C., but we are asking that the wage differential of the T.T.C. and Kitchener Transit not be any wider, therefore‘; when we say we must have sixty cents an hour June 1st (10 cents less than the city’s offer), and forty-four cents the first of November. This is not taking into consideration the Cost of Living Allowance Clause the T.T.C. has. As president of the union, I cannot in my right conscience take the above facts into consideration and ask the men to accept any less than our final decreased proposal. We hope to avoid a lengthy strike and inconvenience to the bus patronage and places of business, but I feel that the Mayor and City Council have never been aware of the above situations. We therefore ask Council to review our proposals in a serious manner, as the men are prepared to carry on driving but only if we are classified at a different level. Otherwise I am afraid it will be a long time before there will be any bus service in Kitchener-Waterloo. ,
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W. Mazmanian President Local 304 CBRT
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16
friday,
the chevron
A feminist dew of corporate power
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Their profit, our 10s~’ by Debbie
Rosenburg
and Georgia
Sassen
Everyone but Nelson Rockefeller has suddenly realized that corporations have enormous power in this country., But few people realize how much power corporations have over our lives and fewer understand just how they wield that power. And of the few who understand the intricacies of economics, marketing, finance, and accounting, very few are women. As women, even those of us who were not taught to fail intellectually were encouraged to avoid mathematics and anything that smelled of mathematics. Economics is people, lives, work, and society as well as quantifiable things like production of goods and services. But those who dominate what we know as economics-mostly men-don’t seem to know that. The conglomeration of counting, quantifying, model building, and mathematical theorizing that is taught as economics becomes a barrier for women who. want to know what economics means to people. If our math skills don’t allow us to sail over this barrier, we are advised to give up and go study sociology. A woman who is “good with figures” (One of Wall Street?s financial analysts would be a “money manager” or a ‘ ‘financial wizard. ’ ‘) might learn accounting. She learns to do it, though, at someone else’s bidding, a5 a careful, bored bookkeeper who is not expected to-or even, in some cases, allowed to -understand the financial workings of the corporation. But women have to learn to understand how corporations work, not to be able to succeed in them, but improve them, or “open them up to women,” because they have such enormous power over us, more even than over men-or at least white men. Take, for example) employment, a major issue of liberation for women. Men are facing rising unemployment, but women have always experienced unemployment levels worse than those currently faced by white men, and most of these unemployed women are not even considered part of the workforce. Women going “back to work,” looking for their first jobs outside the home, or women laid off from the low-level jobs not covered by unemployment compensation do not show up at the unemployment office each week because there is no check -for them to collect there. They are not “in the workforce’ ’ and do not exist as far as the Labor Department’s unemployment figures go. Of the women who are employed, most are in the lowest paying jobs-or in the one job that pays nothing at all: wife and mother. This entire employment pattern is vital to the corporate system. Women who work outside their homes are working for peanuts and saving corporations money. Those who are at home are working as life-support systems for their corporatelyemployed husbands-working for the corporations, in effect, but for no money at all. We are led to believe that, if we are currently working for nothing (or for-peanuts), we need only develop our skills, learn to “sell ourselves,” and fight for affirmative action, and then there will be jobs and fulfillment and economic independence for all of us. Well, there won’t be.
True full employment, which would mean jobs for all of those who want to work-including women, third world people, young people and old people-is impossible under this economic system. The current system simply cannot accommodate all those who \ want and need to work. A major factor in the availability of jobs is “the business cycle,” a cycle of prosperity and hard times. Most of us have accepted the inevitability of it in a capitalist economy. But we often forget that an upswing in the cycle is only temporary, and are shocked and panicked when the downswing takes over. Or we let ourselves believe that somehow modern capitalism can conquer the cycle, or at least minimize its effects, and that once this is accomplished the unemployment problem will be solved. These are dangerous pitfalls for women who are concerned with liberating ourselves from our secondary role in society. In the 1%0’s, when the U.S. was experiencing an unprecedented period of growth and the Vietnam war was occupying a substantial proportion of the workforce, minorities and women were finding employment in increasing numbers, and prosperity didn’t look too far out of s reach. But now we are painfully aware that this was just a tantalizing illusion. Capitalism does not primarily work for prosperity-it works for profit, and the two are only occasionally coincidental. During an economic boom, when profits are high, businesses will invest some\ of these profits in new projects, new equipment, increased production, and new markets, knowing that these investments will generate even higher profits than before. The process continues, as these higher profits encourage further investment. While this expansion is taking place, employment tends to rise to fnl the new jobs being created. But before everyone can be employed, the situation deteriorates. Old markets become saturated, new markets become scarce, and a high level of employment gives workers the bargaining power to demand better pay so that labour costs rise. Eventually, a point is reached where it is no longer profitable to invest. Here the downswing begins: companies lay off workers to lower costs as part of an effort to recreate a favourable climate for profit and investment. The employment “cycle,” therefore, lags behind the profit “cycle,” so that before full employment can ever be reached, a downswing has already begun. Full employment, then, is impossible in a capitalist context. Even in prosperous times like the 1%0’s there was unemployment. Regardless of the business cycle, corporations maintain a certain level of unemployment at all times-just enough to weaken workers’ bargaining power. Besides lowering costs when profits are low, control of the workforce maximizes profits when they are already high. If control of the workforce becomes too difficult, workers can always be replaced by machines; auto: mation destroys even more jobs. Multinational corporations contribute to domes tic unemployment by exporting jobs to the third world in order to take advantage of a cheap, non-union workforce. No amount of economic growth and “prosperity” can offset these job-destroying corporate policies. Beyond the issue of employment, corporations affect us in other ways as women, and their power over US is growing. Big business today is moving into
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services that women need, which had always been considered areas of “public trust” or the “public sector.” Human services like health care, day care, and certain aspects of education are a last frontier of the domestic corporate empire. (Internationally, of course, the multinational corporations are exploring the geographical frontiers of the third world.) Corporations branched out into these areas because, to put it simply, by the late sixties they were running out of products and areas into which to expand. It was, and is, impossible to continue to increase profit levels and corporate growth (which had become equivalent to corporate survival) without continued expansion. So big business moved into unlikely areas. Day care is now sold for profit by nationwide chains and franchises. There are profit-making hospitals, laboratories, nursing homes and abortion clinics. Technical, or vocational, education is permeated with middle-and large-sized corporations, and education in general is encouraged to become more capital-intensive, relying on corporately produced “products” and “systems” as much as on teachers. All of these areas affect women in ways they don’t affect men. Day care is more important to women’s freedom of movement than to men’s, because most women are still more responsible for their children than men are. If a couple can find only a high-priced, second-rate profit-making day care center for its kids, it won’t be Daddy who stays home rather than send them there. If the couple is divorced, Daddy probably won’t have the kids on his hands at all. When a hospital is taken over by a profit-making corporation, the pediatric out-patient facility (not especially profitable) is often closed down. Who sits in pediatric waiting rooms, and who drives across town to get to them when the neighborhood hospital closes its clinic? Not the fathers. The maternity ward is the other facility that may be closed down when a hospital goes profit-or simply not included when a hospital is built for profit. If we’re trying to avoid the maternity ward rather than , use it, we are more and more likely to get abortions in profit-making abortion clinics, some of which are openly-profit-making chains, and some of which are “non-profit,” though they sprout up in different cities across the country like MacDonalds, and are as expensive, routinized, and profitable as the “profit-making” ones. It is still women who spend more volunteer time involved with their children’s educations, and education is a vital place to break the cycle of low expectations, few role models, and fewer possibilities for our daughters. Teaching, in the lower grades, is one of the few professions dominated by women. But the corporate giants-Westinghouse, Time-Life, General Electric and Xerox, to name a few-are moving in on education, and it may never be the same. Systems and units and computer print-outs flow from headquarters to your neighborhood school, complete with the same old sexist; racist stereotypes and the same lock-step format. The only difference is that now the source of the problem is further away from home-and that much harder to do anything about. The other difference, of course, is that now a few companies are making money. Big money. The people who used to make a little money in education, teachers, are divided on this issue. Good audio-visual materials are vital, some say, and if only the corporate giantscan produce them, so be it. Others, and particularly the teachers’ unions, are against the technologizing of education because they feel it is a way of getting around hiring enough teachers to do the job. Indeed, Westinghouse’s PLAN program .of computerized testing and ready-made units is marketed with the implication that it will cut down on the number of teachers needed. Westinghouse’s PLAN ad in the Saturday Review of Education showed a (male) high school teacher in a dozen places in a classroom helping a dozen students simultaneously. One man can’t do that, was the message, but PLAN can. A dozen men and women could do that, however, and do it better, and that is what the unions would prefer. If twelve teachers are too expensive, two is probably a more realistic number for the average high school class.. Two live people should be able to outdo a weekly mailing from Westinghouse and a computer in Iowa City. The teacher versus computer controversy brings us back to the issue of work, specifically in human services. This is still the area in which most professional women work-primarily as nurses and teachers. Education, health, counselling, and social services are all very popular jobs with women. They are also the jobs that are being changed and shaped by the corporate takeover of these fields. The reason day care, hospitals, clinics, and classrooms were never seen as places to make a profit is that they are labour-intensive, and the labour has to be skilled. The counselor in the abortion clinic, the day care teacher, and those high school teachers are the crucial factor in the “production” of day care, education, or a decent experience for an abortion patient. The staff is also the most costly operating factor in a classroom, day care centre or clinic. The only way that these human services can be made profitable is by cutting down thecosts of providing them. To some degree these costs are cut by using
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:wer staff people. This has a clear impact on the ,orking conditions in these jobs. The only other way to cut down onthe cost of staff to pay them less. Pay and working conditions are re major issues among the staffs of corporate day are centres and abortion clinics. This is not to say iat these are not issues in publicly funded day care, linics , and schools. The point is that keeping wages own and workloads up is vital to making a profit m lese areas. This makes exploitation of workers in lch servicesan entrenched problem. And women, ecause we w’ant to work in these areas, are faced ith a sickening choice: work where you want to rork and starve, or work for the system that creates iis nightmare and have your economic indepenence. This is more of a problem for women thanformen because it involves a further .Grflict, a conflict, of alues . Our feminist values of self-sufficiency and reedom are tied, in a capitalist system, to money: laving enough to live on-and, for some of us, to upport our kids on. There are traditional values vhich we want to hold on& however: those of ompassion, of putting people before profit, of wantng a work-life integrated with our values and needs. Yhey lead us toward work that not only underpays IS, but frustrates our ,motivation for doing it: the bosses are not putting people before profit, and are lot interested in compassion. They are interested in ur labour, not our work lives and our needs. How carwe liberate ourselves from our seconary role in society without sacrificing those values lrhich we have traditionally held and which we still Eel posr%ely. about? There is no satisfactory soluion; we are forced to choose one side over the other, lr at best to let on-e side predominate. Unfortuately, the structure of capitalist society ties power nd independence and money to a rearranging of rioritjes that supplants human needs with personal nd company needs. Since our need to be economially powerful and independent is- a strong one, we re pushed toward sacrificing our old values and ecoming businesswomen or professional women in corporate context. We have always been teachers, urses and and social workers and this has not freed s from our secondary roles. So we come to believe lat economic power will free us. But slowly we are learning that this is not true -that a one-sided approach will never mean liberaion, be it the side, of humanism and poorly paid ervice, or the side of competition and economic lower. Women politicians, women executives; and Jomen doctors do not guarantee that society will lecome more humane, because as women attain hese positions they lose many of the qualities and kills that can promote such societal change. Some women now consciously resist choosing his corporate way. They reaffirm old values-and emain under-pa-id with little responsibility or power. lut consciously and ang-rily choosing a secondary ole is no- more liberating than being forced into ne. Nurses, however changed their personal roles nd relationships might be, still remain secondary to actors and administrators in decision-making lower and in earning power. And women *who try to void tangling with the corporate system by starting heir own small businesses or by forming collective rejects are still faced with the struggle of surviving inancially and feeling pressured to use practices hat mean ripping off the people they serve: Again, o matter how “liberated” the attitude, corporate tructure and corporatesociety still define the hoices and the limits. And what about the women who wantto resist the orporate way, who -don’t wmt~ to be corporate usinesswomen, but who also don’t want to be sachers, nurses or social workers? What choices do, ley have? Corporate society leaves many women rithno choice at all, and so they fall into the job lost available to women: clerical work. Or they ecome teachers, nurses, and social workers even rough they do not want to do these jobs. What does lis mean for the students, patients, and clients who re dependent on these women for services? - At best, capitalism gives us a choice between the :sser of two evils; at worst, it gives us no choice at 11. Weesacrifice economic power for humanistic alues or humanistic values for economic power. Je sacrifice recognition for fulfihnent or fulfillment jr recognition. Understanding corporate power helps us to un-’ lerstand why -we are always‘making sacrifices. We eed to know that our full participation in society as Jerkers is never possible, and that even for those of s who are in the workforce, our jobs are defined by he corporate values of profits over people. In order 3 change our lives, then, we need to change-the conomic system, and in order to change the system re need to able to deal with it on its own terms. ince we may never have been attracted to mathematics or economics, we have not had the >ols to investigate corporate power. But corporaons affect us more and more directly as they enroach on our traditional territory in the human z-vices-an area where our needs as workers and onsumers merge. Our direct experience of corpo&e power gives us a viewpoint the mathematicians nd economists don’t have. This could be the imetus that gets us involved in understanding and len fighting corporate ‘power. c
ch.evroti -.-
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Photography
- A keen eye A steady hand ’ And an inordinate capacity
Forum _I’ for pilza.
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Those are qualifications demanded of chevron photographers. If you have one of them, all of theti, or even a nice mixture of them, and are interested in taking pits for the’papir then you are most-welcome to come to our photographic forum. The forum will be led by Ellen Tolmie, an ex-chevron staffer with experience on a daily and presently“free-lancing in Toronto,
Time: Datei -Place:
chevron
1 p.m.-on-, ‘Tuesday Sept. 16
c
From
office- campus
cent&Rm
’i
/14.0
q q
rsl
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tion members $2.QOfe $3.00 non-members tickets available at ox Office or Cell erati fice (Campus Centre)
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-L
SE
“We alre-ady know enough to begin to deal with all our major problems: nuclear virar, overpopulation, pollution, hunger, the despoliation of our planet. “The present crisis is a crisis not of information but of policy. We could <beginto cope with all the problems that now threaten our lives. But we cannot cope with any of them while maximizing profits. And a society that insists before all on maximizing profits for the few thereby threatens disaster for all . . . “The developed nations are armeb to the teeth, and mean not only to hold on to what they have but to grasp whatever more they can, while they can. For example, the last of the world’s rapidly dwindling natural resources. For another example: As the great famines begi!, the grain that might feed a hungry peasantry throughout the Third World is fed instead to cattle and hogs to supply the rapidly increasing demand for beef and pork-in the affluent countries. But their turn must come too, first of course for their poor, already hard hit by worldwide inflation and unemployment. And if there should be another major war, as seems likely, a nuclear holocaust would swallow up everything. “Unless the people of this world can come together to take control of their lives, to wrest political power from those of its present masters who are pushing it toward destruction, then we are lost-we, our children and their children.” Dr. Wald has taught at Harvard since 1934. He has received numerous awards particularly “in recognition of his outstanding discoveries in biochemistry with special reference to the changes associated with vision and the function of vitamin A.” Wald holds honorary degrees from the University of Berne, Yale, Wesleyan University, New York U, McGill, Clark, Amherst College, U of Utah, the University of Rennes, and Gustavus Adolphus College. _
sponsored by the Board of Education, Federation of Students /
Among the institutions that have publicly honored his work are the American Chemical Society; the American Public Health Assoc., the Assoc. for Research in Ophthalmology, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Optical Sdciety of America, the Univ. of Zurich, the Boston Museum of Science, and the Cambridge Philosophical Society.
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bs Alan Fossei . _ ’ the verv ones who, working on the cheaply in the past year. For them, tions: An exchange in New- York with a few others, dominate the -The 70’s -will definitely be looked ’ plantations, face- colatinuous dials in coff%e @t&es. Broker;%& newpr@ provide windfall profits. coffee market and set the price the @on as an important turning point’ hunger, iiialnutrition and oft&n General F&Is is the largest cofand sell coffee from anywhere betconsumer will *pgy for a wund of z-_ in the relationship between imstarvation. ween a -month and a year ahead fee producer-in No/tih- pplerica coffee. perialism aiid the underdeveloped over 38% of the coffee - Kissinger making what are called “green cof- _ controlling and U.Si foreigri p&Intel Coff@g A&&ent world. No longer willing to see essold. (This is the same‘ General fie conttitits’ T. Thi future market icy act in accordance with the their- resources ------------ rinned off at low ’ From 1962 to 197% trade in cof- in all co_n?modities does not add any Food. that is paying their Whit& wishes of these companies in the ----.. fee was contra dled by the Internaprices just to pe$gkiie the profits Spot employees in Vancquver tional Coffee A real value to a-commodity, but only x coffee market $0 as to g.ive the ,greement (ICA). Its nf rnrnnrntinnc nrncliicwrn nf peanu%.)$s brands include MaxWVprv’u”v”-“) provides a way of making more ’ highest possible proI?& for %hese r- ------purpose Was to prevent malssive money for the wealthy by speculatprimary commodities are linking well House, Sanka, Maxim, and corporations, and thereby theqpx$ ov&-production. To this end it tnpether in’ tn obtain re-. ing on the value of commodities b Yuban. The Secolid largest pro- . lest return for the underdeyeloped --a------- order _____ --------- more ---fixed export qu rotas for each of the venue and mnre - rctahle incnme. ----- --^---------- -----*---. the future. I c ducer on the continent is Standard coffee prduc@ n;itions. producing countries. These were Coffee is just one of these comWe now pay jacked up prices for 4Brands which sells C&se and San- ‘kepri*edfrofnreviewed and amended annually by b&-n. These two copbanies, along modities . .+ coffee that the cor’porations bought _ <Western Voice produciiig and conSuming counIt is second in value o&y to pet_ tries together. In principle their efroleum among primary commodities traded internationally. In fect was &o stabilize the prices of all , value it accounts for over 13% of all grades of coffee. ’ This agreement was unfair to t&e primary<&mmodity. exports -and producing nations, as the consumrepresents 1.2% of total - interna--, ing nations had just as much or tional trade. more to say ab0u.t the price of cofInternational tiade in coffee fee -ana the amoun&- to be sold worth $2.3 billion (1968) is gener‘*very ye-&-:--As a delegate from the ated by 42 coffee-growing counr Ivory Coast put it.@ 1970, “No.bne tries. All -of them are underdeseems to put limits on velnned and manv relv on coffee ---------, --, ------ what , we _ have I. ---r-goods sales as their -major source of to pay for rn: . .tnufactured untries . ” I foreign cunency- earnings. Across from mdGs trrahzed’ Co TheU.$.ledthewayXor_tht the world 20 million peo$e are emsuming nations in the develop bment ployed in nurturing the coffee crop of this agreem ent and did everysand -aa- msmv “*-*sJ mnrp. s*-v- - are - - dekndent W-r ---- ---- nn --:Lthine thev could to trv and increase I4 IL. the &IO& from the &oduc&g naNow the coffee producing and exporting nations are attempting to tie-ns and thereby reduce tfie price per bag that the corporations had- to- I form an oreanization similar to the pay. But whatwe& consumers li&d jrganization of Petroleum Export---- n ----~-z - - \urcL]. inn-n\ to nav was something else. The I ing Lounrnes i&i&t the market would bear was The United States, promoting here. the interests of the glint coffee car- d and still is the‘principle c In 1972, the ICA brske down ‘porations (U.S. guys 40% of the primarily because the- prodtiGng world coffee production)\ has done nations felt it wasno longer in their agreat deal to try and sabptage any interest to maintain such an\ agreetendency on the @rt of the,coffee _-merit. The fact that OPEC was producing nations to- form, what ctartek that vwar onve impetusto Kissinger describes as another ~~~~~g~~~*~~e~e~~k; nt‘C~‘“UUY”l nrdiirm-c u ‘cartel” which will “gang 66 on arOUD . . . ‘. *... . . -I the deVelOped WOrlCl. ’ : In*Sept. of 1973, Brazil, C&om- - ‘If we cut through the glaze and bia and the Ivory Coast, the three veneer ot the storie-s but forward by biggest producers of coffee (56% of Kissinger and the media we can world production), set up a multianalyze the role that this very important ‘commodity has played in national coffee marketing corpordtion &led Cafe Mundial. The purpPrrwtii2tino iin&w-ldti~lnninent in pdse .of the corporation w as to tn Ullluv” amacc oreat fnrtllnfwe-*-w” fnr c rrfbr 1Y”I cv ~‘WW’ A-a A-a compete with other _buyers (i.e., the owners of the-coffee comthe developed nations) of coffee, nanies. can --_ also --see ____._ that ---the =------- We .. - ---coil-fee whkn prices are underdeveloped world now is only _ purchasing -trying to redress the imbalances in cheap and then selling coffee when prices are up. world -trade, incomes, and StanLed by Bra lzti,** cafe Mundial, - I I dswdn nf livino hrnlwht sahnlit hv policies _to sustain coffee prices They consolidated ’ Coffke is the lifeblood of foreign - took action. i -cooperation among the. 42 coffee exchange earnings for many cauntries. , olqmbia3-for example, relies ’ producing countries of the world-in an effort to de&-ease exports and on co E ee for nearly 68% of’all its encourage the coffee producing L exports and five of the other leadimports c$_ ing Latin American prtiuceri’ obz - coun@ie< to increase coffee. ’ * tain more than 30% of their over-- _ __-_earnines seas -------~-from ------coffeeSsaGs. __--__ ---_-_In, --- This agreemc ent gnly_ lasted foi I sh&tIy,ov& a ye$r because many Africa, hatf of Angola’s export of the producing nations were tiptrade is accounted for by coffee, while -in Ugbnda the perc+age is happy --with Brazil’s dominance of the organization ,and the small l around 44% and in the Ivory Coast #mX,de-2lw% quotas allocated to them. a In January of this .year coffee 1 That the countries of Africa arid _ producing-countries k of ,Latin d bifferek and excitMg place Latin America are &dependent on America met in M_exico City and “Nothing to A_ - A9 the export of ?ne commodity for launched an organization whgse -. to enjoy: . their foreign exchange- is a direct _fi$ task was to withhold 30% df &esult of imperialism. - the crop, about 18 million bags, in Much of the most fertile land- in an effort to raise the price. Backed the underdeveloped world has been by an $80 million pledge from Ven- ’ Sept. 12 & 13 ezuela, the organization was hailed taken to be used for the growing-of The C&t-iboo Lounge ,feaas the most progressive and impo_rexport crops such as coffee, sugar, FULLHoUSE and bananas. tant step that had ever been taken - Sept. 15-20 tea,tobacco SATURDAY MiiTINE~S by ctiffee producing nations. Throughout’ the centuries great COPPERFIELD Just last month in London, the ’ ’ Shoyvtime-3d6pm. areas of land have been made infer- . Sept. 22-27 I 2d --. old 62 members of the ICA met in ‘tile by cai-eless growing of these CHARITY BROWK--, -- ---- . an attempt to hammer out some crops: Huge plantations owned by a small local landowning Gss .or sort of agreement, and the- Brazil Sept. 2soct 4 i delegate described the agreement directly in partners&p with foreign Univ. Ave. reached as the “atomic bomb of the food firms have “locked-in” the fertile lands for the growing of cash coffqe trade”. Just what the. exact . Showtime,: 8:30 _ i - C . details of this agreement are have cross for the developed world. No jeans please for eweni6@ per- The most abhorent aspect of the not yet been spelled out. 6 plantatton economy is that it reIn the consuming nations as iormanc& I . stricts seveyely-the amount of aramight well be expected, the’proces; 744~6368 : ble land available for the growing of- sing, sale and profits of coffee are food fE the millions of peasants; all controlled by ’ large corpora-
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12, 1975
. ‘s miracle Chile
Continued from page 30 1’: Despite -criticisms from, its supporters, the government doggedly pursues austere fiscal restraints prescribed by the International Monetary Fund and propagated by the Chicago University economist Milton Friedman. The junta’s economic -minister Jorge Cauas feels that only’ by containing inflation will foreign compa&Sinvest again in Chile. In addition, they must be assured of a “free market?
economy, a goalthat the junta is already avidly looking after. n Cauas’ main objective is to bring about miracle” - - ‘an “economic which will entice foreign capital to 1 the country by offering a stable political I climate and very-Lola labour costs.. In turn, this influx’of capital will, in the long run,, permit x, the hiring of hitherto unemployed workers and boost the sagging consumermarket. - * However, the prospects that this “miracle” will ever materialize seem, at present; remote. For since -the, Chilean consumer market is’
presents
a program on
small and most foreign multinai tional corporations who might have set upshop in Chile arealready well and Ycomfortably - established in Argentina and Brazil, the junta’s last hope seems at best to be just that. t N’evertheless; Pinochet’s -gOv. ernment is steadfast in its hope that , foreign companies wili soon come to the realization that besides offer’ ing low labour costs, Chile also has a regime that will do its utmost to .protect them from.+@disagreetible ‘developments such as nati&@izations. ,
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LIFE Iti CHINATODAk ,
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Deane Kent, a librarian from London,‘ Ontafio will show a film he made on his~recent trip to China, .Aftetiorde he will anmel: questions‘ and leada discuseiori. -, -A. i There wiil be-a table of books and posters from or about China-for sale. We have a new consigknt of Ch'inese children6 books and posters‘; '
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TIME: 8:00 PM L MTE: Wedliesday, September'l'l, 1975 --PLACE:, Trinity United Church, Hearth-Room, Fredz'icJc St; Diagqnally'acrose from @heKitchener Plarket \' . . . . . ..2....................~.................t_..................... If your school or group wishes to put on a program on China, we would be'pleased to assist you. Our address: PLO. Box 888, Waterloo, Ontario
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by Billy NEW YORK-A big smile flashed’ while the group was recording its across Barry Gibb’s face as he new album, -Main Courser in, , Florida. The-Bee Geeslike to comfinished speaking with somebody at one of the record-industry trade pose in the studio, and the uptempo magazines. “I’ve ,just been in- i song took shape after the Gibbs lisformed,‘: he announced, “that tened to some compositions by we’re now Number Nine on the Stevie Wonder and the Spinners. According to Robin, the session pop singles charts.” Brothers Maurice and Robin started to cheer “snowballed” into se,veral weeks but Barry held up his hand for silof their most intense recording. “We’ve always been able to play ence. “There’s more,” he beamed. “ ‘Jive Talkin’ has just entered the different kinds of music, but we Maurice rhythm dz blues charts at 90!” If never -had the backing,” anything, the brothers seemed said about the new direction, a choice the brothers who are still even more interested in this news. under 30, made after 20 years of As it turned out, ‘Jive Talkin’ Professional performing “When dropped off the R&B charts the folwe were going with softer material lowing week, but by early Augustlike ‘How Can You Mend a Broken the record; on which the group Heart?’ and‘ ‘Run to Me,’ I- think sounds more like the Kay-Gees that’s all people wanted to hear than the Bee Gees of “New‘York from us. I don’t believe that our Mining Disaster 1941” and “Holiaudience would h-ave accepted our day” fame, was a Number One pop hit. The group had gambled on adnew songs then. “We simply were not devoting ding an element-of funk to their slow, syrupy ballad sound-an un-- enough time to our albums,” labeled test pressing released in Maurice continued. “We recorded Mr Natural while--on tour. Every England found only 20% of the DJs able to identify the group7and the time we had a few days off, we’d be shooting back to New York to do a wager had succeeded. we finally - “Jive- Tall&‘. ‘-’ came ,&out’ few tracks. _ When
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ter work.” Barry continued the story.. “We stopped doing as much touring because we wanted to get into a better album situation and not just worry about singles. We wanted to move into an area of better, tighter
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rhythms, and become more of a band than just three brothers. ” “For years,” Robin added, “‘people said that because we always traveled- with an orchestra they never knew if we were any good as a band. It was time to let everybody hear us as a band and judge for themselves .” On Main Course, Maurice’s bass provides a dance-oriented bottom, and the three brothers all sing falsetto on vario,us cuts. Former Mott the Hoople keyboard player Blue Weaver, drummer Dennis Bryon and lead guitarist Alan Kendall, aided by tenor saxophonist Joe Farrell and conga virtuoso Ray Barretto, fill out the band. But the most imp-ortant contributor -may have been producer Arif Mardin, who’d recently succeeded with _AWB. “He just hears everything and immediately knows what’s right or wrong with the voices, the instrumentation and the- tempo,” Maurice said, “He showed me riffs for my bass I never dreamed of.” Main Course is funkier than the usual Bee Gees fare; but most of the cuts are not R&B inspire,d. Maurice called “Country Lanes” the “old-Bee Gees ,‘? “Come On Over,” the “country & western Bee Gees” and “Songbird,” the “Elton John style Bee Gees.” Still, the presence of a six-man horn section on the band’s recent tour is something the group is quite pleased about, and they intend to use-the section in the future to work in new material. “I hope the day might come when we can play almost all new things,” Barry aid, “but it is hard ’ not to play our old hits. There’s a lot of nostalgia connected to songs like ‘Words’ and ‘Holiday.’ Then again, ’ ’ he added happily, “it’s really a good feeling when we play the opening chords to songs from Main Course and get instant recognition. ”
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,&i&ry.a-of& &&‘h &&ife;; 13 friday,
septe,mber
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I never did like being a houseat least I-got to see people outside , we are raising kids for bosses in and the occasional general to-exploit. wife. But.it took me a long time to the grocer neighbour. Plus, -I -had a certain Now when I look back on’my figtie out why. First of all, when I got married’I pride when I could bring home that days as a housewife, I see a little was young-and foolish. Bight after crummy little paycheque of mine. better what was going on. It’s sad, the wedding, Idiscovered theawful . But I quit. I couldn’t work, two but true that even when you think you are away from “business” (if truth: toilet bowls 40 not selfjobs at once and still be cheer@1 disinfect, and floors don’t wax and glamorous as my husband de-’ you’re working in. the home) themselves, miracle* products\notmanded: So I went back to being a there’s no escape: .We are aII workwithstanding. fuiltime housewife-taking care of ‘ing for capitalism. The mother litSO, when my husband would himin other ,words, -‘‘not ,workcc@? home fi-om work and it was ing”. one of those R&degree summer When we fmallybroke up, he days, and I had cooked a roast beef threw me out of the house: After (that was before meat prices made all, he said, the rent had beenpaid that impossible), and had dragged with his money. He had worked and the laundry back and forth from the I hadn’t. laundromat, and had made his It: took me a long time l.to figure’ ~ paycheque stretch so; that we out what had *happened. First of all, wouldn’t go into the red; and a millhousewives work. Just be&use we a wage doesn’t mean we ion other things, when he said, ‘don’tget “Get the salt from the kitchen, you are not working. Women with chillong hours .’ haven’t done anything today: ’ , dren work especially well, I didn’t like it. But how could And women who work,‘outside the home end up working the double I argue? shift-with a little ‘ ‘help” from -the Afterdi, work is going out to the thinks HE ALONE worked for: office or the factory. Housework-, husband, sometimes . . . . If you’re a welfare mother, rais? But the real shockeroo was that isn’t work* Nobody pays you for it, ing workers for capitalists to exphousewives are not only working and that’s proof enough:/ loit later, you are also working for After a while, I couldn’t take it for ourselves and our husbands. capital. \But instead of receiving the any more and got a job; Now I was :We are working for our husband’s of the husband, you re- X getting up early, commuting an bosses! Joe goes to work for 8 “charity” ceive the “charity” of the state. hours and gets underpaid for the hour to my job, working all day, Nobody says you are-getting paid getting home around six, ‘only to work he does. But how could Joe work if he didn’t get ‘fed, cloth& for the work YOU do raising chilsee my husband with his feet up, In a funny-way, a reading the newspaper. He was a and-comforted? school-teacher and got home at 4. ’ wife is like an auto:garage. Without Well, he was hungry. So I cooked tie1 and repair, neither the-car nor and cleaned up, did other chores Joe could keep going. So whenmy around the house, PLUS I still got ex-husband was \working for the him the salt; -Now I was coming Board of Education, so was I. nobody says that you’re working at home every night and I,facing the But if a -wife is like a car garage, a ’ reproducing .workers. They say mother is more like an, auto plant. second shift :you’re ‘absent. You are not at work Igot more and more tired all the How did Joe get there, big, strong, and you don’t get paid. ‘Nobody and ready to work?‘Who raised time and couldn’t be the sweet, unhim? -His mother. It sounds corny, derstanding wife anymore. I began to wonder why I always had to get but my ex-husband’s mother also workedfor the Board of Education. .:”the time she spends taking care of the salt. We argued and‘ her con.Of course, when you?-eraising a herself as a worker,-her husband ‘as vinced me to-quit my job. . That J,OB! I was you don’t know who hepr she a worker, and her childrenas’future , ,&&& .b&ap$eIhatedf &@it. <gi-’ +&m.t un- iskid,going to be working for,?But if rriworkers. . ,/ The conditions were grueling. ‘But you look around, you realize that Women have to’stop downgrad- -
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-song-a ~oti&&nbing; name; dropping p&in in the ass&is. famil_ iar to me. I’ve- met h’er,‘E went to _ school +ith her, on occasion I Was her. Second, shd’s 9 dpec-ific _ chara&$ not all women, just &e : +voman. ‘There *tie universi themes to be ’ had from- Stones songs-sex, death, love, tid sb on-6ut t_he songs -therriselves tend to be . -specific, @ief sketches of part&lar situations an$ particular charac- _ ters, like the loony aristocrat in ’ “Live with -Me” or the lethal j heartbreaking junlul_e in-‘ ‘You Cgn’t +lways Get What You. Want.” I , suppos,e “Stupid Girl” is no’ more a pu&dow,n‘Bf ali wdinen than Carly is a put i Simon’s ,“,Yoq’re &-vain” -downof all &en. I thoroughly enjoy -Ii Mick lagger> legitimate .&ck artist tir si$dy ao&erma’Ye chawhist p@? “you,re -sd-vain ,, not least be-- In the foliowing a@&r.free/5nce writer-an@ “SMademois‘elle’f cdumnist causett re&inds& of some men I ’ Karen Durbin rdates her otin view,of the %gendd$ /‘~achjsm~” image of, ,, kfioti.- Clearly ,-the question i6 oni: ” the’Rol/ing Stones Ed how it affects -their m&. _ -- I: ,* I’ \ - of whose f&e is reflected in the ‘J-. . _ t ,niirror. ^ f , x. ’ My boycott ende& a year after it _I launched a one-ioman boicott SC@’ year9 later, Ellen Willis began,-when the Stones presented . _ of the Roll&-Stones in late 1966, r -wrote a &e-defer&of “I$lds$!Iy ’ the world’ with ‘*‘Ruby Tue&y.?' Thutib,” explaining that it was not -- Don’t question-why she 6-a~ to bg when they -br-ought out “After- qath,” .‘an zrlbuq! with “Look at: s’o much a hymn to male supremaci - so>free. - ,,-& - . sh&ll’&ll y&‘&the only kiy to be. That St@id-Girl” and ‘ ‘VBder My , a~ simply’ si,-song about the -sweet se just can’t be &i*d’ z Thmb” -on the +ne side. They - taste of revenge, I an ekperience were iny favorite rock group, but comm@ to- both sexes, I doq’t $6 a life where no~h@~s’gai& my have “‘any ‘great rationale for’ &d nothing’salost, ’ ’ j eno;lgh was -enough. “Get& ‘ ‘stupid Girl ,” but here’s someit such a cost. _ clou$,+’ I. tiutte?ed, p@.ng the re-cord away and vowing never tabuy ’ *h@ to C@V on. F&t of all, it:s I couldn’t’ believe i my ears. In- a eotivincing: The stupid girl% ‘the -~&the% ‘onit. , ( -. i - I music littered with smtigly m&mful tunes by men whose feetjust got , * t6 wander-no matter how much it 3reaks your heart, babe;-h&e was a song that turned_the tables,abou$ a ’ womtin_who v;?Ued )&eedorn over security. It rang in my eas like an:.: iintheip. . Seven years later,- wien rmos t- of &y rock records are so much sur$ lus vinyl, I still loye the Stones, E&cumstahce that tends -to XU%XN~. puspicion. among fm.inist friends y who ar&‘t as severely addicted to i-ock as ’ I am; Areh’t ‘the Rolling Syones the q’lrint&enc& otiock ‘ni roll ;ma&ig&-$? I &en!.* - f&p & A. dries Lw@ s’mg exuberant songs ab&+ap&ts? Isn’t Mi& Jagger the . ultimate .cocksmati, iX-st@tin& - :; -’ arouiid;’ tl& stage, inEodudin;S hb;- : \. _~ . . ‘-On Leadership. self,. ,albeit+n song, as the devil? .’ “I woul$ define leadership in thg 197& as being the resptipsibility of go&n&&to _ I%&‘t the Stones put oti a record _ , anticipate @al-and economicchange. and then to useail the r&ouices oIYgovc?rnment’ - in dleqring the path ahead. so that when society and its people have to make’the journe; glbum whose cover depicts a-well- : frdm one set pf-cirqnqtances to another. thcpassage can + made-&h thelminimum of -- ffiled blue-jean: crotch, complete ’ -&ruption and the maximtim of preparedness.” . wi$ working zipped?. J ’ ’3 T W’ ,WilliimBavis Ontario Mur.&pal Electric Association March 6th. l&-73. - The rapi& .makes hb- appe&&e . L in -“Midnight. Ra_mbler,” The - - In the Gallup poll t%kemJqne 19-2!. 46’& of 18-29 Gear olds b;elieved>ill Davis _ . , ’ w&Id make the best Premier of Ontario at t-he present-time: this ._Stone$ star_ c@c&t: &nbe,r: Did_ .- compare3 with Nixon at-
r. .-28% and Lewis at 26%~ I-c .. ’ . Toronto Star Wednedayi-July 9th. 1975- --B L . I .’ I- - ’ eyy ‘.- _ -“QJ Law ad Justice. ; ‘. . “Our Am+xican<rienc+ are familiar with the phrase ‘law &d order’. .But I thiqk .; here fn enada, and-c@tainly in-Ontario. oui continGing cdncern has- been more with- _j, T ‘law and jusficel . . a terni that I prefer because without justice in the enforvnt df law, -. ‘: there% ve_rYlittle likelihood of-order in society.” L-@illiam~D$$liigara Falls ChBmber of Comr$ecce February kth. 1974 - , . . ti -Y . ._ \ j_ ’ -,. Q&ujok-&~~budsi~n-- -1 - / -I. “With the! nomination;of3rthur‘Maloney. -an inspired ,chbi&.-perhaps the best _ r app&nttient in years, the government set the fresh breezes blowing.” 7-7 ’ I q . _--- _ -aNorman Webster Globeand Mail columnist 1 _’ -../. 7 . ue~@f~eL.~ -_’ ’ .‘y ‘, _-i
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\ tally ironic,. elusjve; tongue in cheek. Fey “&Iidnight Rambler” is a rock ‘n’. roll showa whole r&&t of theater packed, into ‘one \‘. t&minute s_ong. *Jagger’s perfor: - mance-incfides a r&ient when he drops-to his%~ees -and whitis the ,, sage-with his belt. Well, you hea&- ’ _ :\ -about the B~s~gn...THV)‘OMP!
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-’ “Men closest tq Toronto’s day to day functioning credit the Ontario government withthe consi+e@y toughkinded wliciei that have steered it clea! of urban decay.. .” - - ~_ -The Wall Street Journal July 26.1974 j * I-&F&citi&anwhere in the world seem to have&e so much goi’fig for th& & Toronto!. _.the-lowest crime rate of any. major city in North America; one of the mosi , modem t?ansit syst&ms anywhere in the world; a>parkli/ng,%lean and modern innei City.. ” ,~“k - ‘cWith rapid grdwfh came the socialand’political painS of haturity.. .The‘Oncario .i rproGnc!al government stepped-ii and imwsed a central governing body onToronto and . its thirteen satellite cities (whichj fnegnt ihat small neighbourhoods could mdintain their own @ntity -while;eceiving all city services.. 1’ / \-. Z; - “TQronto is a kind of miracle? New&& ’ ?’ \ ./ “The effectiv&ess
cf.. .publid transportiion‘can
theProvince of Ontar@ which is fi&l$-committed ~B@inessWeek February 16,l974. ’ Heusing
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be traced-directly to the policy &f to hi&-quality m~$nsp/ortaf~;an:” ~’
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woQdi Jagger is b@hed in a bellishred s@Iight? It-ma9 not be good clean Finn, &t it’s-fun, and people - lati& ana ,shudde_r and groan to the contln~e+,on . - p&tie 25+ -b r
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Honei, it’s.Dot otie of thtie . . .. Tal- - i ki$ ’ ‘bout -the, Midnight.. .:: T)-fWOMP! Did you see me-in you bedroom door? As the belt hits the
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Is-, / yl i -0.i&pt. A- -we’ve gotid* lots to - vote for.1
‘In the,case of Ontarjo, it is the province which has‘ shown the big initistive in . ; _d&elgpinq low-income housing Ontario’s ye&$ in this respect, surpas’ses that of most , _I i , jurisdictiorls OJI the ‘continent.” ‘. ?bty & !!&@Iar{h 4,197s . -
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Oh the! Honourable William D vis “This is the sam”e man who in 15771^at a private githering so impressed : . Buckminster Fuller,Lthe Americari planning visiqnary, that-&r latxzr remarked, “rha< 1 young man has a better grasp of the-future than any other politi ian I’ve met in
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North America”. - David Cdbb Canadian Magazin; May 10, F-75 \.
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has. less todo with their particular music-than with confusion we have+ about sex itself. During paparents’ pinehurricane/and I howled at my ma in jama parties inmy paneled basement, I did. something a drivin’ rain.... But it’s all rightcalled the Dirty Bop with my j now, in fact it’sa gas..& Yet “Sym, pathy for the Devil” is one of the seventh-grade girlfriends. Rutting on the~fastest and choicest of our Stones’ strongest songs: Elvis Presley tunes, we’.d line’ up I stuck around St. Petersburg .,‘When 1~savv it was time for a change. and then rock back and forth on our heels, snapping our fingers and I- killed the Tsar and his ministers; - &lastGia screamed in vain. I rode a thrusting our pelvises in and out. At the sound of parental ,footsteps on -tank, held a gen’rals rank, certs: with-‘ ‘Jumpin’ Jack Flash,” a happy rocker ,with mockheroic lyrics (I was born in a cross-fire
continued
from
melodr&natic night rambler.
page antics
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of the mid-
(He don’t give a hoot of warning/Wrapped up in a blackcat cloak.... Did you see him-jump the garden wall?/Sighin’ down the .wirid so softly/listen and you’ll hear him moan)H<s not so mucha rapist (Honey, it’s not one of those) ‘as
show, the screen showedhim onlyfrom the waist up, carefully missing the poiqt of -a singer whose sebri--quet was Elvis the Pelvis. _ - Much’ of rock ‘n’ roli has been like-that TV show, diluting the sexuality central to the music. The dilution may.be conscious, as in the -early white *ersions of black , - rhythm-and-blues tunes, or inadvertent, simply because the-musicians lack the-talent and energy to put it across. The Stones don’t di-
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cheer sex-on-the-prowl, less a man than a cat in heat .: . Machismo? It’s not quite- that simple. The Stones, specialists in ironyand ambivalence, are seldom -that simple. They’re perfectly cap_ableof writing deft, pointed dissections of sexist relationships-like “Back-street Girl” and “Stray Cat Blues”--and then singing them with confounding voluptousness, so that even asyou criticize the . pompous businessman - havipg his back-street adventure; and the .predatoryt rock star with his halfscared, half-eager 13-year-old groupie, you taste their enbymentof sexual power. As social criticism, the songs’ are-undermined by the sly tone-in which they’re sung. But that- same is what -draws the” listener into the experience being described, making it vivid-,-so that, as art, the songs are strengthened. _ “-Ruby Tuesday” notwithstanding, the Stones’ music-reflects to some degree the sexism of the culture inwhich we-and they-live, A song like “Mother?s Little Helper,” for example, I which so vividly conveys the desperation of a woman trapped in domesticity ; is marred by the singer’s easy con- temptfor the woman he’s describing. On the other hand, the Stones are simply too smart to. write -the sort of mindless put-Qwn the When the‘blitzkrieg iaged 7~.; - Guess Who came. out with in- And ‘the bodies stank.... 2 - “American Woman” and too impiPleased to meet you, hope you guesi ous to produce, solemn drool like my name. . John Sebastians “She’s a I&y*“= the devil in all. What they do write about is the The devil, yes-but dark side of passion aswell as the, of us, the -impulse to violence that attends change, crisis, revolution, light, the power struggles that lurk, war, -assassination. “Sympathy for in every love affair, the destructive the Devil” doesn’t approve violimpulses that aren’t male, .but. sim_ \ ence; it simply reports, it and rei . r>h human. real and X *Since the murder that took pi&% ports it vividly, makingit at their Ah;rinontr concert in late. reminding US where it comes-fi-om. If the S’tones have somehow 1%9, Jagger- has refused’to sing. come to epitomize rock- machismo “Sympathy for the Devil,” replacing it as his -sign&wetune i&on& : in some people% minds, I think that ‘.
lthe stairs, the Dirty Bop dissolved _ lute the potefitid sexuality Qf rock:‘ into a giggling.*illow fight., We on the contrary~ they distil1 it and barely understood the peIvic ‘. ,serve it up with a gx& What ~ti thrust, but weknew it was some& missing in that fifties TVshow is -thing to conceal-from grown-ups. It restored in f@ on the ‘-Sticky Finwas impolite, vaguely dangerous, - gers”dhm covey the crotch. The too dangerous, anyway, to show on crotch on “Sticky Fingers” is TV. When Elvis made his famous . male, but then so are the Stones. I -appearance on the Ed Sullivan -tiould be offended if they-used
women’s bodies to sell records. The insistent,$owerfulsexuality that distinguishes -hard rock-and that-the Stones’ music conveys bet-. ter, in my opinion, than anyone else’s-has nothing to do with male --. supremacy or machismo. The idea that hardrock is inherently macho depends Ion the assumption that women are sexualLy passive (06 ’ jects waiting to be acted upon) and . men are -sexually aggressive (ag-. _entQ. - IIard rock is dominated by men in away that folk and pop music aren’t, partly ..because; until re- . cently ,- straightforward, assertive sexuality was not a/legitimate style for women. -We had to wait to -be asked.. ‘And if we didn’t we were ‘ Bad Girls and we paid through the nose for our passions-the lesson implicit in -both the lives and the _ music of great women blues singers -Like Billie-Holiday and Janis Joplin. We keptour Dirty Bop in the basement, concealing our sexuality not only from grown-ups but from boys-as -well.‘-Oh, we could ‘be sexual withboys but only within narrowly prescribed limits;-we could flirt and : tease and say no, no, maybe. What we. couldn’t say was simply “I ‘want.” Rock music (Tina Turner’s as well as Mick Jagger’s) provided me and a lot of women with a channel for saying, “I want,” for asserting our sexuality withoutapologies and ,, without having to pretty u@ q@y a,passion with the traditionally‘ ‘feminine” desire for true love and-, marriage, and thatwas a-useful-step toward liberation. I remember when, -back in .lq65; I first heard a” record. by a scruffy-looking new -English-band. They sounded rude and gut-sexy and-funny. ‘ ‘I can’t get no satisfaction.;” they howled, and it turned out,if you listened to _ the words: that _the Stones were talking about . sex,- politics, commercialism~all kinds’ of interesting things. . j Can a feminist love the world’s’‘,’ greatest rock ‘n’ roll band? This one does, It’s no handing mat-tah. It’s no capital crimb. In fact, if’s a gas. ‘. _
I Winter
and’ Fall- _ -/ I Big *L - or-&n&~. We h&b thek. all. ,_ In the ldker ,_ -’ rntili . 1
::.-ATHLETIC ‘EVENTS All students may ‘pid‘k up the/r- season /ticket for. regularly-scheduled; home athletic events iti the lobby of: the- Red\ North entrance- to theI Physical a Actiyities Complex. -. \‘L / _, Tickets maybe-obtained’durinb the foilowing ho&s: ’ 9330 A.M:to 4:30 P.M. fi’om September 2 to Sepitemb&- 5 ’ . 9:30 A.M. to (4:30 P-M. from Septembei 8.to Septemtj&12 -., T -mye-.i - -. t r LStudett,ts must pres&Weir Studeni ldentif ica-‘. -tion:Card- I.in order $0 obtain their Seasoh Ticket,
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ClC%ARETl%S & C~N~~CTIONARIES-
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the chevron
friday,
September
12, 1975
For the fun -of it ,The approaching Olympic Games together with a stepped-up campaign on the part of the government to encourage physical fitness have sparked a new interest in the various forms of athletics. In the following article which appeared in This Magazine, Canadian athlete and (-I of T phys-ed teacher Bruce Kidd examines various aspects of the concept of fitness.
IF YOU KNOW, YOU MAY WIN TWO FREE TICKETS TO SEE HIM IN CONCERT SEPTEMBER 23rd AT HUMANITIES THEATRE. put your guess, your name, address and phone number on paper, and deposit it at the contest box at the front door of the campus centre pub. Draw is on Sept. 19 Tickets now on sale at the Fed office, if you don’t know who he is. Advance, students, $3.50. Sponsored by the Feds.
by Bruce Kidd There are two points I’d like to make about physical education. The first is that physical fitness is not necessarily understood or acquired through sport. There are very few games or events which require all the components of fitness and even fewer. whose traditions place any emphasis on their all-around development. Take a look, for example, at Canadian hockey players. In the big leagues they tend to have amazing upper body strength, while at the same time their aerobic capacity-the ability to consume oxygen during exercise-is often below average. The reason has to do with the way hockey is played. For aerobic power to grow, your heart generally has to be working at 130- 150 beats per minute for a continuous period of five minutes or more. Last winter, Tom Watt and Bob Goode at the School of Physical and Health Education at the University of Toronto found that while in the typical hockey game of practice heart rates can go well beyond 150 bpm, they are rarely kept above the 130 bpm for longer than three minutes. As a result the aerobic training effect doesn’t occur. Which means that if you want to develop aerobics as part of a hockey program, you should probably prescribe a separate activity, like the five-mile ‘run the Russians have. The point of all this is not that
ATTENTION THOSE PERSONSWANTING TO OBTAIN THELR
PRIVATE PILOTS LICENCE should attend the Flying Club’s introductory night. Room 101, Eng. Let., 7:30 pm, Sept. 17. Film, material hand-outs, question & answer period.
The Ministry of Transport approved Ground Scholl course will be held each Wed. evening (11 ‘nights) Room 1056, M & C, 7 lOpm, Sept. 24. Registration fee $15.00- maps & books $25.00 .
certain sports should not be taught-in fact, I believe hockey would be much healthier if it were taught in the schools-but that if we are concerned with learning objectives related to fitness, we’ll have to do more than teach and conduct sports. If we’re concerned-that kids not only understand the principles of fitness but actually graduate& instead of obese and semi-spastic as many do now, we’ll probably have to set aside a special period for fitness activity.Even in the best of classes, the necessary activity rarely qccurs. Don Bailey of the University of Saskatchewan, who has done much of the work onthe fitness of school-age children, reported recently that the average amount of activity experienced by individual students in a sample of
with new strengths and sensations. The notion that physical activity can’t be an end in itself is particularly inappropriate for children of school entrance because most of them spend most of their waking moments running, pulling, jumping, stretching, and they love it. The motivation’s naturally there. And yet somehow we fail, for by the time they graduate, many of them seem to hate it.
Saskatoon physical education classes was eight minutes. That’s why a number of Canadian schools are beginning to conduct daily sessions with activities and games specifically related to the different components of fitness (e.g. dancing and skipping for aerobics, climbing for strength, etc,), in addition to the regularly prescribed periods of physical education instruction. There are 1000 and more ways of achieving the desired results, once the various components of fitness have been understood. Some schools, particularly in Regina, Scarborough, and next year in the City of Toronto, have been led to introduce the Vanves system, where one-third to one-half of the school day is devoted to instruction and activity in physical education, and the visual and performing arts. Not surprisingly, the students involved have generally experienced improvement in their’ academ.ic I.~ grades. Point No. 2 concerns fun and the sense of accomplishment.Granted we should be deadly serious about helping kids require the principles and habits of good health, but the experience doesn’t have to be like castor oil. Sport and physical activity can be a super turn-on. Much traditional physical education had created the impression that activity is only a means to better health and the good life. The federal government’s ParticipAction plants the message when its ads show active girls easily finding boyfriends or cycling o,ff to buy ice cream. The late Lloyd Percival always told his customers to “keep fit so you can enjoy your vices more.” The implication that fitness activity is of itself boring or unpleasant and only rewarding when completed probably makes sense to the thousands so terribly unfit, because after a long period of idleness the first air-sucking steps of activity can be quite uncomfortable. But to those who are fit, these instrumental notions seem very strange because for us the activity is intrinsically sensuous and pleasurable. Even if it didn’t keep my weight down, to ‘give a personal example, I’d be running along the boardwalk or up the Don Valley every day becausethe rhythms are so satisfying and my body is always surprising me
have been bad today.” Equally deep-seated is the reluctance of so many teachers to participate themselves in the physical activities of their schools, usually because they’re unfit. Few of us would entrust the teaching of English to illiterates, and yet despite our concern about health, we allow men and women who are overweight and uncoordinated to lead many of our classrooms. The double standard is not lost on the kids. That’s why the teachers in the Regina schools are expected to take part themselves in the daily activities and why a provincial task force in Manitoba is recommending that the fitness of the teachers be an explicit goal of the program and a teachers’ fitness centre be established in every school. Just the process of getting fit themselves would give teachers many of the insights and skills necessary for conducting a daily program. Have you ever noticed how eager learners are to pass along what they are learning, if they consider it worthwhile? The trick will be to make it fun for them. A final problem is keeping kids interested in staying fit. When we do offer physical education instruction, too often we make it like work and burden kids with ambitious expectations before they get the chance to experience the satisfaction of performing simple motor skills well. In hockey, for instance, we demand that they “make the team” and “win” before they can skate, as westerners Terry Orlick and Cal Botterill document in their excellent Every Kid Can Win (hard to get here because no Canadian publisher was interested in the manuscript, but available for $6.95 from CAHPER, 333 River Road, Vanier, Ontario.) Orlick and Botterill show (as does John Holt in How Children Learn) that the process of helping youngsters acquire the necessary confidence in their physical selves is a delicate and uneven one. But ifdone carefully, and if it’s geared to individuals as well as to groups-as several East York schools are doing with a personalized fitness diary for every student-every kid can gain the sense of self-mastery to discover the joys of moving. That’s the key. As Robert Louis Stevenson used to say:“If you miss the joy of it, you miss it all”.
One reason is that the school has traditionally seen its job as preparing kids for the world of boring work and at the age when it’s fun to jump up and run around, running and jumping have to be discouraged. That’s why so many physical education periods in the primary and elementary schools are still cancelled “because you children
The main tenet of Intramurals is to provide a fun, fair- and s&fe program ot physical activities for all students, faculty and staff at the University of Waterloo. Last year3 over I 6,OOO/week enjoyed some form of Intramural participation.. At the Competitive level, lac-rosse, 7-aside Rugby and softball were positive additions to the-program. Play for the sakq of &creational play,, in th_e fun Recreational leaguks, - had a surplus of teams. ’ Indvdual phgrahns, like squash, tennis and swimming set attendance:-records. over 700 a week became,.involved in the Instructional prograh, w@e the II Athletic-lubs, including anew Outdoors Club maintained a high level of activity. To give you, the participant, an idea of A sample day iii-the life of an Intramural what &youcould do in a day in October read on . . . participant. 9:00 am - arrive at P-AC, change and jog ,l-3 miles following How To Jog IM Program. - l&O0 am - shower and sauna--_ 10:30-l 1:00 - Weight Training in -Training Room through IM Weight Training Program - ll:30-12:-00 noon - Recreational Swim (Pool PAC) h i2:00-1:OO pm - Fitness Class (Upper Activity PAC)l&O-145 pm - Lunch - 1:45-2:30 pm - Use your booked squash time for a quick, friendly Co-ed game of squash. 2330-31330 pm‘pm - Bike to Waterloo Tennis Set up free time*Badminton.net in PAC for a game. ‘-3:30-5:00 Club for a mixed Tennis match . --5:30-6:30 pm - Participate in Flag Football,.Soccer game ror your unit on Columbia Field. -6$O-7:30 pm - Supper -7:30-9:00 pm - Instructional . -9:OO-10:00 pm - Back to Seagrams’for Swimming lessm or Karate lesson or Archery-Club
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ACTIVITY ’
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ENTRY DATE ’ Mon. Sept. 15
Co-Flee Slow Pitch Softball 5 Aside Ball Hockey
Mon. Sept. 22 Mon. Sept. 22 Mon. Sept. 29
Floor Hockey Co-&c Innertube Waterpolo Co-&c Volleyball Co-RegBroomball Hockey
RECREATIONAL TEAM LEAGUES c-._ 1
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STARTING DATE TIME, LOCATION Sat. Sept. 20 , Sun.\ Sept. 28 Tues. Sept. 30 Sun, Oct.-5 8pm Pool PAC Wed. Oct. 1 7:30 pm ’ Fri. Oct. 24 r
‘Fri. -Oct. 24 , .
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EXPLANATION Pitch-to your own team. Eve.ryone bats. Hetd Bat. & Sun. A’& B levels Sun. &-h&n. -4-11 pm. Tues. 81Thurs. 4-11 pm - equal nos. play Sun. 8-83Opm Tues. 7-9 3Opm . Wed. 730-l 3Oam’Main _ Gym PAC ~ _ Shoe league & No&toe league +wn brooms. nvssary Own equipment necessary Fridays 12-5 Qq+nsntount I -.
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s-ENiRY’ DATE . \‘~ -’
. WOMEN’S COMPETKWE Ii L I. t-r ~lME~/LO~ATlO# ’ .EXiLibiATldN&:
t-mu 1 ’ Tennis-Singles ’
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Sept.22 &i. 17.
Badminton Singles ” _ .-;. . quasn srngles
Qct, 27 ’ act: 30
aapr;na
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-’ -’ :L -sun. s&t. -i3”SoamI - V-ball l&r&2 2, : _ Tues: EvenSng’start leu;elsA-or-B -Oct. 21 7:30-1Opm Oct. to end of Nov. Prelim. Round-O& 30 Double Elimination * - . j Champ. Round-Nov. 6 I Nov. 3-4-5 check . Draw posed Women’s locker room * game times 5 min default time only. Sat. Nov. 15 3,8 ended games based on eaual I Elmira-CC. 9im Oct. 25 1:OQpm sPool. - -Novetty and competitive events I . ’ ‘, -: .:” I
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I In -#act, he implies. that wjthin the last 100 ‘years, human affairs have made their way into governing re9ii.y t-he dppositcis true. !&pad, those who exercise thefiTdings of such scienlifjc analysis, They cqritinue daxirrCzi@g pTcjfits, using scie,ntists and their bethods ,
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/* _ _* . * ./ \ , \ Reprint&below is an a&/e by R.S. S;‘iva, department of h;lechariicai Engineering ai the / University,o&iasgrb\?l, which appeared i.n,an, English journal called N&-Sdientist Thqauthor proposes to’iook at*how,a “new scientist” may present himself to-so$ety compared to an “o[d s&nGStJ~? lie-concludes that’what is,needed are not /‘new scientist?’ but “new econobists”. -, i --He stat&:-J?& needto devebpan ec6nomics which allows for the advantages of vari&and individuality, aid which takes into account the Cost of actions,. reactions And interacf whole , /’ /,_ __1 ^ I /A . i.4 tioris. ” , -This is certajniy necan asy ta&and to tackle it, he discourages .the usi of scientific Athdds, ‘“rri”. I . . which mu& abstra 1t_com;mon features, away from coxcrete -reality in -order”to achieve ,,$r@y and,systemarisation%.f thought.” ibe trouble apparent/y starts when scientific methods-_ *.. are applied to situations where the number and omp(exrty of factors is so great that you ‘1 cannot a.bstrqct witf%ut -&ink some damage and wit c, out getting ,an erroneous result. ’ ce,“-th$ author don&es, “we_have_td be extremely car&i &out, and,%u;spiciouslof, *i precise scientific treatment’,‘of huqan affa+s.” , i a problem is, the less scCentjfiq$iy tie wi/i approachit,< _. ’ 3 a. of thought. . - ,.thus achieving less ciaiity a%d-systematizati’& ,I :The auth& really does-not investigate the role and r&ponsibiiities of scientisd, bit claims to “anaiyze”.the risks of qsing scientific methods when looking-at human affairb. - ’ . 1‘ _. tie fails to suggest any tyoe of alternative. I . , \ To (Gm, it ‘seems;-“scientifiq methods” have an inherent vaiuq ind&endent of the frtimetiork 1 in which-they are. used, He en,cour;ages mistrust for scientific apprqaches when they are used to ;, analyze- the reasoqs and possi& solutions for, underdevelopment, expiditation,. hunger $qd ,_ . j unempioyment,~ih the same man&r as one shouid,rt&htiy djstrustscienceps a tool to maxim& I 1 profits. - j -
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-‘par&&r embodiments ; i&pOssiblC to des&be fjlly in general terms f Between these two e@remes of domplete abstrict generalicy and total concr,ete particularitg, we can imagine-a whole s,pedtrum,or range of cpn-The technologist ( Fretion and abstraction. operates in a somewhat less abstract manner - than the $re’,scientist. He embodies his,ab. kndwledge of ‘chemistry, of . ,stract in a par$cular pu$ ’ meCha.@cs, of materials, pose. But-he has a cut&ff which,is still fairly” tdis@nt from the total partic~ar individual complexities of. real events. Thus for exam_~ ple Dthe particulP ,design which he pro. duces is’ a ‘gun,-his -obj&ives are defined in &rrns of I’ange 4 v~loci$y,- manoelvrability , killing, po\ii;&-but as ‘-technologist’ he cuts out of consideiation all the, real concrete things which ,actu@ly hacpen when the ‘de, Vi& iS ‘used, such as which individual peradults, innocent . sons it does kill,chil~en-dr 1.or, guilty, and why it isrbqing used at ,&l. You cm,: state the probl&&tqually emotively ih an opposite con&x+-the, tkchnologist who, \ designs ihew- and precise siu-gical equipment who& life it is going to to ‘-does not ,consider : L
those whb tip@& icientific .anaiysis \Ic ; ssive: * structures and contr_oiiing bodi&, when 4s a result of ,this ‘irockdure science and economic control have refuskd to’accept ,$echnolQgy have develop’ed certain importo opera!: yitfiin.the narrow framework of > &&principles 6f practice &hi& are’ well only as *long ;is it serves their$tterests.
; 1 - ‘, defiled, meanirigful; atid effective with@the * 1 *_ I . -1 -.I I i. . ‘! > I -, technological , ._ context, b&iuse they form. i 1. _ of‘ distrust &d disillu. part of, a complex inter-related network. I-&&&tingthis article for ajournal which .. very St&g ieel& : calls itself the “New &ientist?.:.What is a sion, p&iCularly on thepart of the youqger . -Two- of these principles are @.orth special / “new- &ie&ist”, if there iS <one9 0~ if there ‘geileration; Is that -disillusion ~~11 founded ’ notice. These are (i) the-specification which ; ’ -i$,n?t what,sho%ld a-t‘new scient&t” be, in the &d justified a&4fit is not, how-has it arisen? ,sets down objectives which are to be accom’ ’ mode world? How: would he, or should he, How might a f !new &enbk!) o+ercome it? pli&ed. Since some of -these are mutually , .L di@er T am an.Told scient$t”? Pe6plelpight _-First 9.f all let us consider the fuqd&nental iTerfering aqd sorhetimes’ mutually cdn: gige’ different 6nswers to such- questions.* methodolow by which- scienc9 obtains $s- &adictory , a. &c~e@l. design always, con$1 U+ power. To k&t this-ind&ail w@dreqqir& & S&me$nay.say he sp~l.dd l?& on&yho tains s&rnZ reconcil$io& and some ‘sac-, L ethjcal~ consideratiox@ fiistV~, if that’ B ere whole book. on the philosophy and episr _i%ices .. Thii leads to’thi: other Crucial princi- not so$eihing. which eveqbodp ,should do, ( temology of &en& and all I pui set down.& ple (ii) optihisation Le. @e achievement of a . i ?&ntis& or ‘not., &tie&&41 @’ iou that he the major -&$e&nt charac@&t& ‘&is ,I be..c&mprdmise, which is in some sense consi: mu@-besne yho in’terests hi&lf izi manlieVe to be thai’ scienC5 g&s & l&tier ~by , dered to be the best. . ,. agemm; studies ,>and thereby becoties’com-absttifig from real. cqSl&ete -ihdividual ; -\ ‘. p@en$ to lead in industrial and national ad-, events the,fe&re$ which they have incom\_ . ministr&m: others ,may ay?wer that he ‘man, Z@ SO states a kind of knowledge or Now in the.concrete. ieality ~which conshoul&c,on&~ himself with soc’al Science, ’ truth which applies b general to everything, ‘A. cems in+vidual_l human life, much of the bu(. @n&es all indiVidual p&ticulti embodisbtealled. A common feattire. 0\ ,all- these “specification’ f -which defines and con‘: , grou$s is the aSsumption that he -must con-. me@. Thus for exilinple, the tre%ment of strains that reality is .nor?,technicalI It isem,’ tinue being “&&tific”, whatever that may’ th6 dynamics of fall&g bodies @ terms -of --’ ‘bodied in law and c&tom, differing approp3 \
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.’ dtantial sense.’ Pope Julius II hired , gramante, -Raphael, and Michelangeloto -design and build the ,Basilica-of St. Peter’s, but the idea that he or any other head of st@e might have anythir;t$‘corresponding to the concepts of -plans and drawings and schedules, of quantities Ifor the governing of l@ state would have been tptally incomthe Indust&al - prehensible. When Revolution-still only ati@, 200 years ago--started the tricye which was to lead to our present day @chnologic$ flood, it all &erated withti the patterns of law, custom, tiading+tivity built up over , and comn&@$ the preceding ce@u-ie’s. Until within the last .lOO years there was no. essential difference from the -\iray in which all earlier technical 1 expertise. had& operated in hqtian society th.roughc&t history. The new feature within the last 1Oq years has *ken the thought that 1 the Tethods and: concepts of teclmology , which have h,ad such. obviops success in the3 own field-mightbe u&d z&o in the more concrete fields of human $fairq, and be .. deliber&ly introduced into ;law , custom; and commercial ‘activity. Stich ,hints of this k<s there are in the pages of Bentham grid Mill ’ yecame pi.o+imed faith in the works of Marx and Engels, ‘tihic$-ab@nd in scientific andte&nical analogu& . In OF own lives the concepts of objectives, design, planning, op\ timisation, and many others, all clearly takee Tom the practice, of$ngineeiing .and science are r_low routine in sociolog?! and - econoinics. Indeed it- is -hardly too rnucp: to say that the major political confiont@pns and divisions of oe time *oficern ‘different -interpretations of, and attitudesto the role of planning and d&n in sc$ety as a whole. Thus, while the’ &giceer :a$- scient&t _’ might be able to cl&m reasonably that up to very recent times Qe supplied only what was - wanted and did not influence substaqtidl-y $lie dcfinitiori of what w& ,wz$tkd, it ii -riot obvious that he can make tiiis disclaimer ‘now. I. am not here referring ‘to the fact-that his researches and inventive&s; have created-&w w.ants,‘fo$ that is relatively ‘sup+ erficial in relatibn to the prigciples .we are discussing, but to the fact that so rn-qy of the abstratit concepts $@ch wei-e initiated and developed by science and, engineering have’ been taken bver whdlesale and are incorporated daily into-the Various means of social
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AS &e Ql ‘hoti fhe. tfedd g&&-.I ‘*&dwfui febhg that hum’an affairs are now’ 3 ‘afid &&r. conducted largely’on attitudes which are scilished by the presentcriteria for optimisation entific-and technological in origin and which ‘is for continual increase in the ratio of capital ” somehow fail to satisfy ‘many important ’ investment per employee so as to-increase productivity * per man-hour. For. particular facets of human reality. This feeling iS-irres; pective of the formal political structure, for it - - historic@ reasons we.have maintain,ed a besees- both’ capitalist and socialist societies, lief$at this trend could;‘and should be continued without reducing the ,number” of acting on the same science-derived at; man-hours, The plausibility of that belief has.. titudes, the differences being only in the exbeen maintained by the stimulation and titiltent to which law’and custom constrain andlation of consumerdemand by such devices modify, orare themselves constrained and modified to match these principles. The as deliberate obsolescence andpsychologic,al conditioning to, require something new further part of my thesis is that this feeling is and out-do. the Joneses .What is the realsowell-founded, that “it is-the ‘&doption .of cial cost of thatstimulation,’ which has used science-derived att@udes into human affairs up the world% resources of energy and mat1which is a major cause of many of our prob-, s ’ I \ ’ erials at a rate which is now recognisably / lems. alarming? And if it had not been done what. Those who would have envisaged achevron witha science and technology sectionas ‘Let us take for example the particular scientific concept of efficiency.‘As we all know would the real social cost of consequent unbeing somewhat analogous to, say; a skyscraper with flying buttresses, will no doubt employment be? The true cost is ‘certainly - be surprised to find the tiorementioned’ animal abruptly gracingour pages today. this has, been carried over into social affairs -This development-has come about primarily in recognition ofthe obvious fact that ’ and we have as a&suit the’well-known con-’ not limited to that of paying unemployment tern about having efficient companies, effi: b-enefit, but must include costsin crime ana many, perhaps most, of our readers .have academic inte.rests that lie in scientific and technological areas; we realize that it is import&that these interests.k be reflected to cient.nationalised undertakings-, and the like-. its prevention, andreactions on health and some ektent in ,the paper. , ’ social service costs. Is it too heretical to , ) . I This is what I’ mean by‘ ascience-&eri-ved Our problem in meeting the postulated demand. for this type of n@e&l hashisusri, attitude. ‘But note the very considerable difsuggestthat if all these considerations could tally arisen from the general lack of -expertise among chevriin staffers in matters ferences between the. two$. The scientific be properly included in the .criteria for the concept of efficiency is a clear well;defined, __. optimisations of capital and labour we might scientific. In this issue we have reprinted a feature length article from New Scientid abstract idea, within a framework of related This is a-practice we would like to do away with as, far as possible, in favour of-features well discover that the optimum ratio of capiideas, ahd is meaningless without. that ‘generated within this university, by people whose scientific background qualifies them tal investment per employee might be very ’ framework. It depends crucially on theideas ‘\,much less than we at present believe? . I tospeakof such matters intelligibly, which is where-the imbalance in the interests and’ : ’ - of conservation and transformation. Only on talents of our present staffbecomes crucial. 3 ! ,’ ‘. Another relevant consideration? is the size - What we will avoid at all costs, however, is thatspecies of writing of interest to and the idea that energy is conservedqtiantity is of the organisational unit.’ The criteria at it meaningful’ to say that 33 percentof ‘an readable by, scientists exclusively-the chevron can not andg should not attempt to present adopted for optimisation lead to’ a duplicate the function of scientific journals, even within a section whose main orienta- _ input ‘quantity has been transformed to trend to ever larger units, whether in indus. . work, the other 167 percent remaining un- -- trial or social organisations. It is true that , tion is towards\ science. . -’ I , This means that the articles we would’like to print would be inlanguage sufficiently transformed. Only on the idea that mass is a. now and again grumbles are heard, and lip conserved quantity is it sensible to say that a service& non-technical to admit (the, layman’s understanding,, and in some way connecting paid to possibilities of decentrali& scientific research with. its possible effects-on society. finished manufactured component contains sation;-but the trend continues. Our organi4 The whole question of a scientist’s obligation to society,*“pure research”, and 70 percent of the, input ‘bar steel ‘ But as you sations become larger, less individual and academic secrecy are as relevant today as they were when’ the first atomic’ -bomb know, thatis not by any ‘means what is really monotonously the same. We are faced with exploded over Hiroshima, or whenit first became.weli-known that weaponsdeveloped .-meant when’lpeople talk ,about “efficiency” the dilemma that froma human and personal in business. In that context many other acin Canada by Canadian scientists were being sold to theUnited States-Army for use in point of view we like variety and-individualthe Indochina war. This question is badly in need’of.examination! yet is virtually’ tivities are implied, and ’ we /do \not really ity in our experiences, yet we haveno way of ignored outside of armchair discussion. Perhaps it couldbe,opened up by scientists on mean efficiency, but something else, which putting a money value of these things&to the .may be called effectiveness,‘or success, or this campus, who must have.given it at least &me thought. sums/. The criteria we use for optimisation ). ;3’ _( survival. s *- ’ . I One problem that relates to scientific research as ‘@affects our lives is thGlegree of ‘do not include any allowance for the advan1 As a parenthesis here, to emp,hasise the-., tages of variety and non-standardisation. verification which is required before even the -most elementary social or legal i.m- ’ ’ . differencebetween efficiency and effectiveprovements can be made; vested interests are wont to argue that proof which is not Somewhere in our estimates ‘we do not value ness;’ itis useful to bear in mind that biologifinal is noproof atall. While this may-be\mathematically true, there are some cases in variety and> individuality ‘high ~ human 1&l reproducti,ve processes are -grossly inef- -enough. Perhaps it is because the- time scale which the. stakes .‘&i%‘high enough that action must be taken ‘while -- evena possibility ’ ‘,’ / _ \ .J ” -ficient. Millions of spermatozoa are pro< exists tha it is needed. I weuse is -too short. By pptimibiiig for short duced to get onefertilisation. Thousands of- term returnswe discount too much the value : It is* d e ?nsufficient data; ration&; for example;’ with which federal agencies excuse themselves for notbanning the (lite@lly) thousands of chemical adulterants seeds are shed from trees to’get very few new of variety% ensuring survival. We have ’ growths. gross inefficiency the: taken from the science of biology the conwhich add zest,, flavour and colourful plasticity to ‘our food. The same rationale i;&w$hih@ But ‘whichthis.‘&gsuf-$ efl&ct;ve~~~‘s’ is, abd prever$$health warning from appearing on cigarette,packages until a couple of years *ept of struggle for existence and interpreted survival .’ Every o*ne ’ in thelarge numbers ’ . that in the terms of the large-and the powier-’ >ago; in both these-cases the industrial lobbies concernedwere~powerful and deterproduced contains a slightly different ran- ’ ful, but have entirely ignored the equally mined‘ enough to successfully deploy a scientific argument to win their own ends, f without takinginto account the risks and probabilities indicated by research up to that dam selection among the available chromoimportant biological concepts of ,adaptation _\ ‘\ jsomes and genes, to increase the chance that time; I and symbiosis Inthe longer term the species ‘individual members @iebi: effective in dif. One barometer of the public’s growing awareness and interest in sci&e which survives is that which has sufficient ferent environments,. . . variety in- its forms’ to’ accommo.date -to -particularly as it affects our lives&the increashg prevalence and popularity of the literary genre misnomered ,‘science fiction’, whether it be\ of the Buck Rogers advenchanging environment, and which learns to ’ ture yarn variety, or the more probing, speculative novels ofa Samuel Deiany or a’Ray ~live’ together with other species . to their . Bradbury, Some of these works are-unabashedly concerned with the probable.fUtures Similarly for the important concept of op- ’ mutu$-advantage. We need to develop a of mankind; in this line -names like Arthur C. Clarke come immediately to mind. - timisation. In the technological context this 0concept of commercial, industrial, :and orWhether ornot it&possible to dismiss this trend “6s‘ mere escapism-is a question of acts quite sharply and clearly as anattempt ganisatiomecology , to,realisethat we should ’ mostly-academic interest; whatever the case,there can be no doubt that the mmsto express everything concerned in the de; not replace all small-shops by large ones, that consumption of speculative-fiction, together with the simultaneous-interest in the work sign in terms of money values. We adopt j all small firms should not be taken over, that . of science popularisers like Isaac Asimov, & such far-fetched theorists as-Erich VOA- , appropriate’accountancy procedures and by . all local authorities should not be submerged Daniken (Char@s of&p Go&, etc.) reflect an increasing consciousness of the part considering various designs we seek that in large. areas,‘ that ‘all small nations should -played by scientific research and the technology which spawns’& determining the which*will be optimal in the sense of minimisnot be lost in giant monolithicpoliticalunits. .I \ course of ,our lives. 1 . ing the total cost in the expected life-t’ e of In short, we need variety- of form and .of It is to answer some of hhe questions raised in our minds concerning science, the’device. But when the idea is transfe TT ed, function in every kind of activity. ’ technology and their implications., that the scienceL and technology section of the, as it has been, out of the. well &fined tech* So I come back to the questions with J . i’ i Fhevro x exists: riological context into the wider concretere1. which I began this article.-It’is not so much . Finally, the chevron hopes to start a d&log& .ori’ the role of scientists, pure and ;ility,of human affairs, we get a technology“‘new scientists” we need as “new j economists”~i W’e need to deve i op’ an applied, in present day societv..‘The subiect matter is certainly not new, but always bayec! attitude instead of.a well defined prin-worth dealing with; ‘asthe world surrounding and _influencing the scientific community ciple: It is this attitude which characterises economics-which allows for the advantages , ” , . II is-far from-static, .’ * much ofpresent~.dayplanni&. It seems to me / bf variety and individuality, and which takes. ‘\ * Variations in job market, economic conditions; and status in society, are quite J to be a very dangerous transfer-for two main - into account the whole cost of actions, reacreasons-. The. firi t ’is.’ that since .we’+are into readilyl:recog@zed by most individuals ‘involved. gther relationships between scien: . tions andinteractions. ,Once you state that, it tists and society require analysis which not only defmes the scientists’ concrete role at ; such a concrete real situation, the nun&r of becomesobvious that we do needalso a new, ,, direction for’ scrence‘ andi technology.-<Op-I aspects which shouldproperly be included-is ,a particular pointin h&tory; but also- tries to determine reasons ,for this relationship,. how it developed, and how it is maintained. * ’ ’ vast. Thesecond is that, for such aspects, as ,.xtimisation assumptions upon which ‘currat distinct from-’ specific technological design, This sectionof the ch+-on. will provide the opportunity for students and,faculty to’ : --economics is based were-formed,before the < express their concerns’ as wellas to familiarize ourselves with the views of colleagues :“ we just,do not have the inter-relationship of , ‘modern- era;of scientific and technological ‘I ,in industry, other academic institutions, and other count-ries.,. physical laws. , I research. They ,-have led togiant organisa\ tions and an in&a,singlyinter&pen&&t Consider some examples of t‘he transferof With the cooperation of-people within the Science and Engineering departments we, i this attitude\ in *modern planning. We-have ’ way of living .- Thecontributions willlbe able to carry arti-ties on local researchcand cover related news events. We invite ‘ which sci-f , j,-. become ~familiar in the past *Z20 years with entific research could my&e to-wards the via-: an<d encourage participation in the gathering of information and new,sitems‘.and in the-’ F closure of railways; and. opening up -of bility .of smaller ‘organisations, coordination, of this section of the paper. sr&ller na._ ’ i , /\ motorways -I+ -* - extent is this really 1I tions‘and: more. independent patterns of liv. . M ^ ----i To what / vaIuable?,When the costs are’compared, do - ing have been almost totally neglected. The 1 they include thecosts of:hospital beds; mednew .direction for science 5and technology ,5 of’ mutually ’ suppo&ing Idefinitions and in_ ical attention, police services,, all occurring should be towards these ends., Horsepower, , terpretation of, experimental observation. as a result ,ofthe numerous accidents which r animal power, manpower, can all be fw betIt is evident that there is a substantial ‘The troublestarts -when the s,ame method is a.*inevitably accompany road transport? APter utilised than they were& the past. We ’ _ amount of common ground between these I applied ‘to situations where the number and ’ par-ently it is considered uneconomic to put. have to,abandon the philosophy of increased conclusions and.+hose of S.chumacher and complexity of factors is ‘so great that-you , crash barriers along the whole.of the central capital investment per man’ because it is the Intermediate ,Technology group. cannot abstract-without doing son% damage , reservations of our motorways -what is the reasonably- certain that we are beyond. the - Perhaps Ihaveadded a useful analysis of the and without -getting an erroneous result We have to direct research real social cost of the accidents;which.occur . social c&mum, methodology and epistemological assump-rather like amacroscopic Heisenberg , _ ‘\ because we do nothave- them? Turning to- . to utiii$ng renewable sourcesofenergy and tions which have led to the’present situation. ‘principle: _ ,rx < another example, for-the %nmediate optimi, -‘materials which can be locally exploited, to My. central theme is’ that the .risk that such - The value of the analysis I have given lies’ sation of shipbuilding activity it may indeed solar energy via agriculture, ’ t.o c,hemical results may occur-is inherent i‘n the scientific ’ in the conscious recognition of- that princiappear proper to close down many yards. energy via natural manure and sewage. Do ‘method which must abstract common feapie. The- abstracting to&- while necessary; I But what is$he social cost of doing it? Should not let us be conned into’thinking+hat, these &u-es a-way from concret&eality in order to and powerful,* is inherently a dangerous/one. ’ L. that not-bemcl.uded in&wider, more COTare backward steps, justbecause they used achieve clarity and systematisation of ! Once you-know the dangers you can better _prehensive opti,misation; and--‘if ‘so how to be. done in a very primitive‘way . ItwiIiI be. 1’ thought. However, ..withm the domain of sci- \ : guard. against , them,. ;I-Ie&e; wehave to’ be ’ ,. , should’it;be assessed? Indeed -this particular I) in factanew height. of scientific achievement,\” en&5 itself noTadverse results arise because extremely’ careful ,about, and suspicious ‘of, ., ‘case-leads us on toYhe_whoie question of the when ‘we learn to use renewa le energy ’ the concepts, ideas ,-:and prmciples~ are- all- all attitudes which aim at-giving ‘“more pre. optimisation of t’he proportions.. of tcapital sources properly.. ) 1 . P‘\ _ ‘, e’ interrelated in ?a carefully structured ‘matrix * cise scientific t&atmen~‘,:of human affairs. . ’I . \ a_ . -. \: . ‘. ‘1 I> i Y. \ ’ I. \ I - _ / , I --
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Exactly, two years after president Sa& ofcurrencyinthecountry.Andasaresultf - ’ -vador Allende Gossens of Chile JAW over--. this measure, consumptionalso plummeted, throtin*d killed in a &ell-oiI;ed&iIitary - thusforcing coinpanies topare their pay&I, \, coup d’etat, thecountry’s e.~onomy ha& gone. the-&st way to !&it expenses, * . - :- --; ,from bad.to worse. mr ’ ’ L _ Gfficial statis tics state that around 18 l&u-“. .c>, Once upon-a tiine,?the unemployment rate -. people are without work in Santiago. During i. “- in Chile oscillat.ed between seven and eight . thg next few_.wtieks;. a&her 6,000 workers -7_~-_ _ ‘:,-per .cent. But now,Y@e post-AI&r& years, ._ $om- s.tate,- transportand-. ele&&aI ,energy . .t the numb&ofpeople..witho6t work in Sancompanies w.ill be f$ed. ,At the same-time;. t..L’ . _Xiago, the nation’s&IpitaL. a$d most-’ i$us-s 7: therewas an-increase, estimatedby the --%; I- -tWized are.a,has sl@ocke@xli to18 per 1 -Reuter/Latin’ Amer&a-news agency,‘ of? $1 however in the poblacione~v@orking per centincrime,v@xrcy and prostitution. c ---1:---c <“, -I.+e@, .+s,s areas-the rate is- at least 22 per ‘cent L ‘To cut the monthlylnflationrate to 9.3 per is’put atas high . cent sfiorn =l9.8 per-Cent, in+ June 1974, the : ’ 1. and in some neighbourhoods --’ as do-per cent by peopl’e .workingin these. - gdvernment’r-educed~ th&&&rlation. of out moneyfrom k2 per cent-to 4 percent during L areas, This-puts even. the bareessenti@s ‘- of the rea& of-many famiJies.~Z. .. ‘- ‘1 Y . June 19751 In-addition, during the past year; _’ _The f&lough,of thousands of worker%-is I- the cost-of-fivmg roseby around 350 per cent - caused by thetigid an&inflationary po&ry of- and the net incomes of workers devalued the-militaryjunta. Jn an&tempt toreducean nearly- 100 per cent.. = ’ ’ ’ .- ., inflation rate, web 1,ast year reached 4$0 y Toqdress th& somewhat bleak situation, , per cent, gen~-Auguste-,~~h~t~s”~ov‘. _the M-Fgovernment, financed ,so calle_d errmrentdrasticaIIy’&=ta&ed the circuh&ion~ “mili”lium jobs” w,hich provided over ‘I __ _. , ,;-
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r*. -. . _--. -’ . 8&@0 unemployedworkers,a renumer&on previous three months‘: _ . . Secondly; subsidies for basic,necessities :- of$25 per month, alit& lessthanthealready such *as food are rapidly-vanishing as ‘the .devalued Chilean min@u&vage. , government tries to return the country to a Meanwhile, the purchasing-power of the wholly ‘ %ee, m&ket’ ’ economy as- quicMy lowestpaid worker&s steadily ,bemg eroded _ as possible. . .- . under the government’s program of periodic .- ‘wage ‘adju~stments tomeet rising costs, _de,How.ever, government-officials claim :spite official-statements to the contrary. For - #here hasbeen-no loss-in realvvages and-cite’ official statiSti& to prove they have irnz ‘stateand priivate se.ctor Workers eamiqg the proved since the mili~tary takeover. This posminimum wage; the-loss in real ~wagessince _ the-m@a,ry,tak&over has’been-well over 50 ition is based upon the government’$co& , -c per cent. In contrast, higher-income sum&price-index (IX) which show’s an ingroups crease of’7:lI per. e%int .between September have retained much -of their purchasing power and-in some cases have even slightly 19’23 and September 1974qompared with the _ _ i&proved. L . .- . ” ‘: =_increa.se:of 1,114 per cent in the minimum wage. From September 1974 to March this ’ Last October, treasury officials pledged ,year, the IPC. went up-by 223.5 per ‘cent‘;‘ - thatsalaries-&&ld be kept attheir average - real level-for 19?3,with “special concern for ~Qm~arbd with-wage increases of 266 tirI ’ sectors with the-lowest in&omes .7’ However,cent. But the IFC contains some 300 articles, in the period from September 1974 to -March ,. most -of which are outside the Zonomic reach of lower income groups. XWhat The - this year,in~ome has fall&&& terms- 13.6 figures indicate i-s that the per cent+ for a’ person -having tosupp&-t a. government F- family of-five on the miitlimum wag+Includl < -economic situation is gettingsomewhat bet:ing ‘a 20,000, e,scudi (Chile’s currency) , terfor some middle class people wi.th access to the 30 items. a.cross:the-boardraise for the lowest-incom,e - gkoup+ndfamil$ aJl&a&es , such a worker t -In’ other, Words, -the burden of- the - &row earning l’56,8OO escudos a month as government’s cou.nter&flationary policies - opposed ~to-59,000 escudds-las t September, 1s Boeing borne mainly by-the poor, ‘while the middle and upper middle classes remainrela= an inzrease of 266 per cent.~D\rring the same period, the cost of bare essentia&+bout all a tively unaffected. Even so, the .yage increases which the governm’enthasto give; worker -can afford, has increased 308‘ per . ‘cent. _ once@ -a ‘while, ,.will make it difficult for the Thecos t-of-living figures-in these&lculaI government to stick toits declared intention --_ 1 ,tions.-me based on an index .includirig basic of not printing-any newmoney. -Y ’ , food items (mainly vegetables and starches, Andthings just carry on; The once power-a little chicken and fish), cooking, heating ’ ful Chilearitrade unions recently called for a ’ and transport. About 80 percent of the exr~$cal <hange ’ of. eqbnomic policies, but predictably they were ignored by- themilitpenditures-. of such a family .go on these ary junta. More vocal complaints have/been purchases, leaving -the- remainder for su& voiced by the very constituencies w.hich - other items as medicine, clothing and education. -& T _ ;L.. \ . * supported the armed forces at the time of the ’ The recent-decline in real wages follows - ?ouP= ’ lo&es of fi=om42$er cent to 50 per cent by -+ ,. The leader of the medium &ed_.busmess Orlando S&, -warnedthat “the .‘- the low-income state and private. sector’ ‘-assbciation, government-might halt all economic activity G workers betweenSeptemberi973 andSepin the country before it halts ir’rflation:’ if it tember, l974., During-this. period, state emp- loyees' i&&s r&e -1,113 per cent and p+ p&Skti With its rigid &.$ii=iesr _---’ vate sector! workers received in@eases . A similar feeling canbe detected fromthe - which put up theirwages 1,280 per ‘cent. right wing -publisher Pablo Rodrigues, Lvho - During the same period; cost,-based on the feels-that “the social cost’ of general, . bare essentials listed above, rose 2,220- per Pinochet ‘s economicpolicies :is far too. ste_ei,.” I - _, 5 / ,- p.“( ; , Cent. There-are two main reasons for this. -_ ’ s Coqtinbd on pbge+l - Firs& the. periodic wage adjus‘tments-lag . several months behind the inflation rate. A . -. ’. . 33.1 per cent readjustment in,March corres- -_ Thk above ;iece was Ampiled by &I - ponded -to - cost;of-living riserfro-m Mo@ fr&-yesea~ch contained inI The Latin N?&mber$tto January, while prices conEconomic Report; Reuter/Latin America _news tinuedtosoar in Februxy and March. Ir&aagency a@ Opiniti; a ‘Brazilian -news - u&n was 68.9 per cent for the first quarter of wed/y 1975, compared’with 38.9 per cent for the - ’ : ’ ’ I < -.
‘ .;_.-j& -.- .‘- .f ,- -_ f .’ ‘ ,“>=- ;-;i_ xy -2. - \ . _s / \ -.t - .- ,l ‘:,...“.* I-c fu -’ _,. : - ’ J;’ $ - *-. The’mil~t junta’s fore&n publ&image~ $isoni,tortured~ &&&mate1 y murdered ind&pensable s&&y ~measuras which lJ ply .disappearedI c -’._vTf+~d .&&uly..dis&edited~ by a-iongY l&t’of repres-- . at the- hands-‘&the would have had to be taken, and the Working -& ._I For the frost time in the history of the Unmilitary junta. The‘7, : . sive acts.,- was dealt a@ther,-reeling Group would have obtained a-distorted p&- . ited.‘ Nati$is, .blow phoney;newspapers -were. .simply a device refugees in the care of that. :--\ __ . .’ over the &nmer a&&&$ -thg jgch td publicly a& tmX$of the truth . . . . ” “ . 1.‘/ s: i. when the~~esti%n press - -eqb -orgati’ation have been- kidnapped.-and murthat- thejeconomiist . -nou.nee the death:of the -youthful Miristas ,- - Th& junta’s de@& W&Spet title COII-_ &red; and_ th($ Aqgentinian; ‘Chilean, ‘- -~~,&cou;er&l abi&re&,le -_ demnations %&ound- the world )- and eventhe .g ’ ._“-dub$j&d the s_tbry of-:‘The M&sing- 119.” -without having to claim responsibility~ _ Uruguayan and Brazilian. police cooperate ; . The cl 19 were’ z# members- of- _Chi&‘s United~ States rwhose Central. Intelligence ‘: ,-closely Wrack Ifthe coverup theory is correct, it w%one and harassrefugees%om all _ ‘~M~~~~e‘nbbftRe-Re~~l~tio~~ L&J f’&@T, , ‘of thk bigsest _officiaJ blu&ers since the ,&e~cy~~e@xtp br@‘t-@jtinta;_too j.mk+in far countries.~ . . the first place,-told the Chilean government_ Iap$ilita%t ieftiii$irty .77 -of &em. had been Watergate bre@n! W&in a few ‘weeks the . .I -The outlook -for Chilean refuge,es in _ - _’ arresfied by-the si[r;rA-(Chile$dreaded-setthat they deplored -the ‘@&Sal to allow~$#e’~, Argentina remains bleak, since ggv”&&&ti ’ story was grabbing-headlines inpre%gious Y . -- ret police), $@&ling~ to eyewitnesses -who p;ubl~ca~~ns~l~~ the N&v YorkTimes and the *Workmg Group to visit*_ ‘- 3 ’ a?‘ound,:the world (including Canada) have - The *Am-erican 3tatement was” thus added -not hastened to open their doors to the re:. ,: signed, sy.orn statemen@ -s,aying they had I Economist,‘and cor$ing as i&did in the middle P\b- to thelong and growing. list of orga$zations ‘+, seenthea$eststake placez~ -’ -,’ ‘of ,&u&l negot$tiop‘s by. the_ junta for fugees, who. continue to stream- into Argen.i ; . ---; All of the m39_ were -among the _15QO fore@icr&@, . that have% condemned~thejunta’s violations tina. =\ _the revelation% could not have - been?nore poorly timed.. - ’ ?’ ‘of human rights, including- ‘the UnitedNa-d I - Absolutely. reliable Statist&l -tot& on the -- . . ~i ; Chileans whohave simplydisappeaiedsin& tions, the_ Inte’rnati&ral~ Commission .of’ numberof vi&ns -seiztid power. i&973: But in July x Thq story -ofthe 119‘foUowed ha.r~I on the duringthe junta’s first two r t&junta +md the Grganization - the names of the 1 &&istas surfaced in two ,_ heels %of_another announce.ment obtaincbut estimates 1 that was - ?Iur&ts, -_/-= - of American ~ “fears are impossibleio -. -+ obscure, Latin Americanpublications,‘~one .,-“hardly calculated to! allay. suspicion that States= ” __ : run as-high as 30,000 kille& lzO,O$)u arrested, _\ . j +KrgqM.i.~.iui, the $tlrer +u~il<arr~~ . = . pditical repress&n in -Chile-continues to-be - ‘-with-10,OQO still in custody,’ ’ ” ^ - - ’ . .‘I . ^>;Both newspapers, whichwere. published: as brutal as e.ver., S. _ . J A handful of the most prominent among non-existent. .$&es, de--- \ c9kh.ly 7,- General Augur&o Pinzhet -an--- - Not surprismgly ,-?the junta’s repressivethe lO,OOO~politi&tl prisoners have. been re\- 1 ‘- - only bnce$omc&red that the h&i&s had been kiL&ed ‘in nouncedthat his regimehad decided-no&o _, me.a.sures- have sent a steady stream of re- , leased as a result of international press’ure on .? i -two spec@&larepisodes, one in fighting @low a visit by.the United NationsHuman ‘i fugees from-Chile, principally to Argentina, the junta.$ut the vast majority. of the prisI , with rival leftist& the se&ondwithXrgenti-. : Rights Commission Working -Group, which- ’ -There&e presently 13,000 Chilean refugees -oners; who -are not political celebrities, ‘conni~lice near the+ Ch@an border. Lists of ._ had intended to investigatethe junta?s abuse “in that counti’jlJ%guishing in overcrowded tinueto suffer in the .prisons of a government deli were pubhshed inthetwobogus of Civil ii&&s, I .I L .’ , hostels where ‘morale is reported, to%eexthat has’been described as one of the most /I..., -: .the i p$q$&& > _ _ ,+";.; .. ‘; ',f r “ . Ti.a few: day% before the date-on:.%hiih* tremely loti. ‘~ . -%&tal and totalitarian systems %inc’e Nazi ; -’ *When Western correspondents s,tarted, ‘1‘ the’&%king Groupwas’due toarrive;‘8sub= : .‘.. ‘,_ _Chileans seeking.iefuge_‘from-‘the-j4nta’s Germtiy. ~:_..*. k j ‘; j :-3 ‘:; L s, j _‘d&gin-g-on their oh, however, they .began to versivem~tent was detected, the purpose of _ iron-@ted rule have - also discovered “’that, -The above a&/e W& re~rintedhom Chile -. con&$&thatthe shootout stories werqinwh+h.~as t&give+,impressio,n:of internal they did not escape resessio-n by going to ‘_I-i‘* Report, a ,.four-page. @bloid -produced -by the fact a --&~Yup~for=Y.what the ~E&@iuis~~-~on@o&m,‘” wrotethe jun@xti ‘an%$empt _, Argentina. Detention hostels aresystemati. -$ ;- , pq&j,p T&y &@g-%“‘~~.~ 1 ~\--r-; ‘i __L.‘ .-;to. jUs@ i& d@&&n;s 7 ’ r - ‘y- _--c‘- . American ’ Working ; ,daIly searched _I by j the, Arge@i&an: Federal . Tqronto. -based 5 l+h ._ : ~:\ ’ _-- :’ T&~~e,s~ry.of.the’ll9,West$rn Group, P,Q.‘ 80x-$300-, Starion- A; Tofont&,’ sour&s .I oii ,&&Td& eo&q ‘wo.@d$@-&~-have ’ been-’ Police; and-some refugeesSt31have beenbeaten, Qhtario -;-- -.u.-:- _-/ 4 -/’r- L.-A.-yiTEtsmaat& is‘ ,&&==-sey .~ere:“&&?&;~ && ‘,,-:$&c(T’he~~ev@n% i-& .a’~@@,& t*?, -the --, am&s*d md tortured. others have,sh_ .,’ 7 Ir -.. c. _ -*. * .7,
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.It is q@tk $Jearly to be seen from statements m&by major p.arty leaders that whit heverkdf - aHny&f theti$forins-aYmajoritygovernment the battle foruniversal~cess to quality education +,4wil-not. endcog-Septk 18. In-fact the&onverse is most likely to be true.,If we are going to : :a&ieve our a~s.i&hi~ I!rovince we are,going to.have to fight harder and harder for them in _ -;-d.n ‘econorr$ which has give_n.many *indications. that it is hirzhing .into crisis .- \ li Bat? of the~~~t~e.which.~~~,havg’always stressed has beento take our case to the public:-to ’ attemptto cut.th.rough the co&oons of misleading projjaganda, in which the “cutbacks” : have been $a&age’&‘we have. to point out our concern with -equality bothin a!Cess to education and:in-the Qaying of taxes,. ’ . -.. ’ j + ,What is equallyimportant but less .&en%-e&irked upon is the. necessity for us to be
subsidiary Chile CanadianMines. The corn-1’. parry wastaken tier bythe state%o&ration petted to ariGunceits. sel+ion shortly. ’ t _ - for small :mines in l971 and Noranda left t , I3oiw Canadian companies will fair in the <Chile‘ ,- ’ ; 1 t-F‘ I, ’ bidding is ,unknowp. “However, business. .-. ’ _ I \ P&&bridge : . Butshortly after the coup, and’ even be:-- magazines ~ve$$ortedtl@: ~%IickelMines -Ltd. (of Sudbury, the.Domir$ fore’ the regime% release -of %s foreignin-statute favouring multinationals, : ‘-Ckl Republic, Rhodesia. ’’ ’ d Namibia.fame) :.. ‘. %, .: ‘1‘vestment ,is interested iri a,$300 m_r i&investment in . I returned to Chile Canadian Mines . ’ ‘Norada the El Abra deposits. I with a $6OO,OOO%rfusion of new capitaldne Norarrda Mines Ltd. -has-made a prop&ii of the finstand largest new investinents in find, but is , ,r;~.post+up~chile,,.~ ..,-I. .;.. ,, , --. ._ tion to develop the Andocollo I ‘-running second to AMOCO Minerals, a sub-Ifl the pi3St i\tra &.A Cdti inin‘ing - &i-‘&f St&&d Oil of I&& - - ’ L’ t_. fiisz banks, traders and~manufacturing en<- Canadian Javelin,~.which recently received ,- ’ ,-terprises ,have,‘been assessing or making the axe&om‘the I%munanian government in . -deals with Junta representatives and local , favour of the develop&rer.it of a copperde. . >.- business interests., , z&sitin thatcountry by Texasgulf, has exp->L , -_I-,I+& t&jr poiet ofview the %ew+’ Chile- ; 1’ora t;ion activities- in the Taital area of Chile. : h&s likeah opportune place toJdo bGness,?i, Vancouver-based COMINCO Ltd. is also .- _ where taxation laws and the repression of ‘! - exploring Chilean copper mineralizations; 1 i ,/ the working class&Iowforthe taking OfWand .another- Vancouver, company, Stokes ---’ --, , imum’profits. Exploration I Management Co. Ltd. ’ Fromthe Junta’s@omt of view, Canadian (SEMCO)-;. ha.s pl&d an 'explofation \ ,.-\ , .: business interest in Chile, while on a small6 ,’ . spe&hst/fn’Chile -and is7developing a small 1 ’ ’ ’ ycalq than that of the U.S. :and Europe,, is a .I dne,jointly iuv;ith a Chilean-fi, most ,wel$ome :form of supgojt for its ‘, If the-president of SEMCO, Ronald I$, ’ I’ _- 1 _economik repression and political reign of - Stokes, i’s’.-any indication,’ the attitudes of’ terror. N , Canadian mini& men towardschile is en: l . Canadian investments in Chile at present thusiastic; Says Stokes: ‘ ‘. *. there is not the slightest doubt that -conditions are much _ \ include the mining interests of Nor&da, dearef re@ding for&n investments in the ” ,&EineS:, axkoffice of CanadZan &icifiG A@lines mining indus’try and,&s soon ‘as the great ’ and a s&stantialsubsidiary, of the world& ‘completely” sequre in that -I ’ ‘. wide network. of the Bata Shoes Company, I‘.“, cor$orat.ior&ire their ,mvestments will be prosected 1% sure’. ’ j ’ 1 Dire&d Tom the-Don Mills headquarters ofthe worlds largest sb-e mamrf+mer, the , that qapital will begin to arrive.‘? ,Y I. ’ ,-, ----Even if the iJunta falls from power. the. Y ’ Bata- subsidiary in Chile operates three Bompames, may be counting on th& reins of ; .. ‘. . : plants producing the bulk of the nation’s A lack of deman;d-~~. gOyefme@ .paS@ to j?$+ly @an&, if “’ ba g& &tput. I ,changes come the companies may consider it ‘.-:, .I Chile for Bata @ducts, may be hurting the important to -get in on the ground floorwith ’ ’ . ‘. company$ domestic sales: - - 1 j ” ii@ on new projects that takethree ‘, \ .’ But with the help’of a/recent~Intemational j . ,,-. to. five ,‘1\ ? Shoe Fair in Chile, Bata is finding some in- ’ J&US to beginproduction; .’ -'&&pit: the hte& a@yitysi'&ii& -' -. : termitionalbuye-m. The company >has just ----, ’ 3-- . com@mes in Chile, all is!notwell with the I j/ ” I started to exportdo;O@ pairs of shoes valued. > ’ ’ ’ A ’ ‘- /’ at @million to the United States? - Junta’s attempts -to attract investments: TheMa&r Illusionist ’ . ’ Meanwhile,several Canadian banks have The Buenos-Aires business ,magazine’ i1 l . c _ ’ , j_ , ’ ;‘been:involve~d &r ‘short-~&m loans to, the Latinamerican Week paints? a gloomy.@’ ”- ’ ’ t;lie for its entrepreneurial reader$,wh$e ’ IJunta. The Canadian. forest industry giants L , are being co.uted by the Junta for par&i+ _ interest in new Chilean investments is on the, , tion in a’ $1OOmilli0n programme for de7 ‘rise, ,conCrete results are yet to. be seen. velopmerit of Chilean-forest products. d I ~Oqly $+O.mi.llion new caI&alhas a&u&y. *, .1 But the key‘%&adian connection” at this ‘entered Chile s~cs.the’c~u~.-Mult~~~o~al * may be sympathetic to the ., , time is’ in’ the . mining sector, --where t ! corporations Junta but still fear the possibilities that the,. Canadian-based corpo fians rank ,high in the Junta% esteem bo tF for reasons of their : Chilean people could one day bring about its ~dodgJl’;s ‘.I: 3 sheer size and apparent nationality. I C&+dianFomfianies investing in the Junta , After the coup, the World Bank was lookmay have one more consideration to take idg for someone3 to do assessment of the fi2’ that theiractions-in Chile may \ or tihivqrsitji rQCd 2331.’ ^, mdus- ’_ into a&o&t: \ ,’ ,. I ’ 1/ nancial viability of the ChileancopPer cl& for Canadians ‘the f&t that they are’ This’&bg& p&$r is fq~Jpoilbpl&sUi durihb tho$&ng c’old nights. Witi &ries and fhturw to tiy on the basis of whichnew-ioanswould be : the enemies of both the Chilean and Cana-,, tabyou back. %me@d, @iW new, sbmagone; sohe duei Frm days when p6ople wroti for the fort@k+ng. Noranda was chosen sl~~ifi_ ’ funw,lt arJc! wbrked’.tirtl’u! hell of.@=Withpletures takq .tien au was smariand just an&h& pi& : ~plly as a ‘Canadian tiompany whose, rehrt ’ dian peopie.
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TV! CHEVRON-your student newspaper Working for the student newspaper can be both a learning experience and an occasion to meet lots of interesting people; It can provjde you with essential writing and verbal skills which undoubtedly will be of some use when you leave university. It can sharpen your senses to the myriad of-problems facing society today. And it allows you to put your thoughts into words so others can share your I ideas. r The function of the student newspaper is primarily to ask and an<wer those. questions which are not raised elsewhere; questions concerning the way a university is run, for example, or the operations of’s student government, or the meaning and purpose of education. Student newspapers, unbound by the restrictions that shackle the daily’ press, are free to enquire into the structure of the university, and to challenge the underlying ,assumptions upon which the school, _./’ system has been built by its parent society. It-is clearly not enough simply to accept the notion of the university as. knowledge dispensary, as. a mere preparation for life in the “real” world. Our years spent studying must also be employed in examining the nature of that world and often questioning the roleswhich it calls on us to fill, as -men and wo.men, ashistorians or mechanical engineers, as teachers or layabouts. We must also look at those.who, unlike us, have never been inside a university, recognizingthat it is often no more than wealth and social classthat separates ourselves from them., Through a newspaper, we can bringall these matters to discussion with every L other member of the student body, and so bring ourselves closer to,a commonunderstanding of the factors governing them.7 I . , . * -_. x
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4c, , We can also -write and publish feature articles on the many problems thar presently beset society such .as pollution, skyrocketing food prices; the reason5 behind increases in oil prices, the lack of adequate housing which affects low income groups including students, and the-nutrition valueAof the food sold in thy chain supermarkets. Students by dint of their access to research can provide society with‘ proposals which might redress at least in part some of the abovc problems. “But I can’t write”‘. Maybe-not, but writing, like most things, is largely ar acquired art, and you don’t need to-be Mick Jaggerto say what-needs to be said Even if your interests don’t’extend to writing, of course, there’s lots more you car do. Whether your forte lies in such tasks as copy-editingor typing, or whethe you’d feel more at home doing page design,-photography, graphics or a couple o dozenother absorbing pastimes, the chevron is ableand Ming. to accmnodatc you. This year’s *chevron is costing you close to $25,473 from the Federation o Students budget, which works out to about two and one half dollars per student This hefty piece of the Federation pie goes to pay salaries for three full-time chevron workers, assorted administrative costs, and those capital expenditures major and minor, which are necessary to keep a paper ,,alive. An additiona $59,‘000 in printing and publishing costs is met from advertising revenues. It’s a lot of money. Unfortunately, it takes a good deal more than just money ti make the chevron a useful and meaningful service for the students who (pay for it Like any volunteer student organization, the chevron is always in tieed of studen volunteers. So here it is-we’d like to have you working with us on the chevron. -
meeting 2 pm Mon., I-,. ~_ . --7in _ . the chevron--office.-
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