East Baltimore Stories What can we learn from today?
Fieldwork East Baltimore Walking East Baltimore
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0VS mSTU FODPVOUFS XJUI &BTU #BMUJNPSF MFGU VT XJUI NJYFE FNPUJPOT /POF PG VT IBE FWFS TFFO TVDI B EFWBTUBUFE OFJHICPSIPPE CFGPSF 5IF QPXFS PG FYDMVTJPO BOE IPQFMFTTOFTT MFGU FOUJSF CMPDLT BCBOEPOFE BOE XJUIPVU BOZ DPNNVOJUZ TFSWJDFT *U T IBSE UP QJDUVSF B UISJWJOH GVUVSF GPS UIJT HSJN QBSU PG UPXO /FWFSUIFMFTT JU JT PVS BNCJUJPO UP UIJOL CFZPOE UIF EFDMJOF BOE EFCSJT %VSJOH PVS mFMEXPSL XF USZ UP TFBSDI BT (SBIBN 4IBOF IBT EFTDSJCFT UP VT GPS UIBU POF NJOVUF QSBDUJDF PS VSCBO XPOEFS JO B TFB PG EFDMJOF "O JTPNFUSJD WJFX PG PVS m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
25. Situation of isometric view
27. Revived house in the midst of two abandoned houses
26. Isometric view of encounters during fieldwork in East Baltimore
28. Deteriorated backsides
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29. Smallest Car Wash in Baltimore
30. Doorsteps
31. Collapsed roofs, abandoned since 1970s
32. Declining corner shop
33. Railway Infrastructure
34. Corner Park without green or seating
35. Urban Courtyard
36. Collington Square Park
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Fieldwork East Baltimore East Baltimore Talks
Tyrone ( 52 years ) MJWFE JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF BOE TBX BMM UIF QFPQMF JO IJT OFJHICPSIPPE NPWF PVU TFBSDIJOH GPS KPC PQQPSUVOJUJFT "U mSTU IF BOE NBOZ PG IJT OFJHICPST XPSLFE BU #FUIMFIFN 4UFFM "GUFS JU “The Johnsons TIVU EPXO 5ZSPOF HPU B CPUUPN FOE Family left as well. KPC BU UIF BJSQPSU IBOEMJOH MVHHBHF No way of maintaining PS UBOLJOH LFSPTFOF i6OGPSUVOBUFMZw three children when BT 5ZSPOF SFGFST iXJUI UIF OFP MJCFSBM there is no income...“ QPMJDJFT NBOZ PG UIF KPCT JO UIF QSJWBUF TFDUPS XFSF SFQMBDFE DBVTJOH UIBU * BOE PUIFST IBE UP UBLF TFWFSBM CVTTFT GPS NPSF UIBO POF IPVS UP HFU UP PVS KPC TPNFXIFSF PVUTJEF #BMUJNPSF /P XPOEFS UIBU QFPQMF HPU GFE VQ BOE MFGU UIF OFJHICPSIPPE 8PVME ZPV MJLF MJWJOH JO B DJUZ XJUIPVU KPCT w
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37. Talk with Tyrone
8F NFU Adam ( 30 years ) XIFO XF WJTJUFE UIF GPPE HBSEFO JO UIF JOUFSJPS TRVBSF PG B IPVTJOH CMPDL PG UIF "NB[JOH (SBDF DIVSDI OFYU UP .POVNFOU 4USFFU "EBN SFMJFT PO DIBSJUZ PG UIF DIVSDI XIFSF “ 3 of my brothers IF HFUT GSFF GPPE FWFSZ 8FEOFTEBZ died, one is in jail. )F EPFT OPU IBWF B IPVTF BGUFS JU I am the only one CVSOFE EPXO BOE MJWFT JO B TIFMUFS left, but don’t have 5IF POMZ JODPNF IF IBT JT JOGPSNBM a house or job” DPOTUSVDUJPO XPSL BOE HBSEFOJOH QMVT CFHHJOH GPS TPNF CVDLT )F XPVME MJLF UP TUBSU XPSLJOH CVU IF OFFET BO JEFOUJUZ DBSE TP IF DBO CF SFHJTUFSFE BU TPDJBM TFDVSJUZ #VU UIBU XJMM DPTU IJN NPOFZ IF EPFT OPU IBWF PS NPOFZ IF IBT UP HJWF UP IJT HBOH
38. Homeless guy in Baltimore
Shelbey ( 47 year ) JT B ZPVUI DPVOTFMPS BOE LOPXT IPX HBOH MJGF XPSLT JO #BMUJNPSF )F TQFBLT PG B WJDJPVT DJSDMF XIFSF UIF POMZ XBZ PVU JT EFBUI 5IF UXP EPNJOBUJOH HBOHT SFJHOJOH JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF BSF “ Every week they 5IF #MPPET BOE 5IF $SJCT :PVOH pay $30 to the gang. DIJMESFO FOE VQ JO B HBOH CFDBVTF Children don’t have UIFJS QBSFOUT DBO OPU BGGPSE UP CVZ a job so they rob.” UIFN DMPUIFT PS GPPE 5IF EBE JT JO KBJM UIF TJOHMF NPUIFS JT PGUFO PO ESVHT BOE UIF HSBOENPUIFST BSF JODBQBCMF PG UBLJOH PWFS 5IF ESVH TQPOTPSFE HBOH DBO PGGFS TFDVSJUZ CVU BTLT MPZBMUZ JO SFUVSO &BDI XFFL BOE CFJOH B SVOOFS DBSSZJOH UIF ESVHT BSPVOE
39. Shelbey waiting for the bus
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Civil Society in East Baltimore Civility, Public Sphere and Social Organization
#VJMEJOH VQPO UIF Baltimore Histories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
The standards of civility BSF EFmOFE CZ GPSNT PG TPDJBM JOUFSBDUJPO BOE PSEFS JODMVEJOH SFTQFDU BOE UPMFSBODF GPS PUIFST *O #BMUJNPSF UIFTF TUBOEBSET PG DJWJMJUZ IBWF TFWFSFMZ TVGGFSFE GSPN GPSNFS FYDMVTJPOBSZ UBDUJDT BOE NPSF SFDFOUMZ GSPN UIF QSFWBJMJOH QSFTFODF PG BO PSHBOJ[FE DSJNJOBM QBSBMMFM TPDJFUZ " TUSPOH TFQBSBUJPO PG TVCVSCBO WFSTVT VSCBO MJGF IBT EJNJOJTIFE TPDJBM JOUFSBDUJPO CFUXFFO QFPQMF GSPN EJGGFSFOU QBSUT PG TPDJFUZ " MBDL PG OFVUSBM QMBUGPSNT GPS UIFN UP NFFU UIFJS EJGGFSFODFT IBT HSBEVBMMZ JODSFBTFE NVUVBM EJTJOUFSFTU BOE FWFO EJTMJLF 5IF TQIFSF PG VOLOPXO VOMPWFE JT B QSFWBJMJOH MJOF PG UIPVHIU " WJTJU UP BO FWBOHFMJDBM DIVSDI IBT JO UIJT SFTQFDU CFFO BO FZF PQFOFS JO UIF TFOTF UIBU FWFO XJUIJO UIJT MBOETDBQF EFWPJE PG DJWJMJUZ QMBDFT IBWF CFFO DSFBUFE XIFSF VOFYQFDUFE TPDJBM SFMBUJPOT SFBQQFBS 5IPVHI OPU TFU JO B OFVUSBM BUNPTQIFSF SBUIFS VOEFS UIF iFZFT PG (PEw UIF GBTDJOBUJOH JOUFSDPOOFDUJPO PG QFPQMF XIP nFE EVSJOH UIF NJEEMF PG UIF UI DFOUVSZ T XIJUF nJHIU SFUVSOJOH UP UIJT DIVSDI BOE UIF QFPQMF UIBU DVSSFOUMZ MJWF JO UIFTF OFJHICPSIPPET XBT B WFSZ JOTQJSJOH BDU PG 36
DJWJMJUZ UP TBZ UIF MFBTU 5IPVHI POF SFUVSOJOH UP TVCVSCJB T JOEJWJEVBMJTN BOE TBGFUZ BOE UIF PUIFS UP UIF EFWBTUBUJOH SFBMJUJFT PG UIF TVSSPVOEJOH EJTUSFTTFE OFJHICPSIPPET B NPNFOU PG NVUVBM SFTQFDU BOE TVQQPSU IBT CFFO DSFBUFE BT B TJHO PG IPQF GPS VT UP GVSUIFS UIJOL PG XBZT UP DSFBUF OFVUSBM HSPVOET GPS UIFTF LJOE PG JOUFSDPOOFDUJPOT BOE B GVSUIFS EJNJOVUJPO PG TUJHNBUJ[JOH UIFPSJ[BUJPOT PG iUIF PUIFSw
The public sphere XIFSF QFPQMF FOHBHF JO TPDJBM SFMBUJPOT CFZPOE UIFJS PXO EFNPHSBQIJD DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT JO #BMUJNPSF SFTUSBJOT JUTFMG UP GPSNBM QMBUGPSNT DSFBUFE CZ OPO QSPm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mOJUJPO PG BDUJWJUZ MFBWFT UIF GSFFEPN BOE QPXFS UP UIF QFPQMF UP DIBSHF UIFTF QMBDFT XJUI UIFJS PXO JOUFSFTU JT B CBTJD MBDL PG B QMBDF GPS DJWJM TPDJFUZ UP UBLF PO B IFBMUIZ GPSN
Social organization BT UIF TFDUJPO Baltimore Histories BMSFBEZ TIPXFE TFWFSFMZ TUSVHHMFE XJUI B EFDMJOF JO DJWJM SJHIUT BMPOH XJUI UIF TIJGU JO FDPOPNZ 5PHFUIFS XJUI UIJT UIF XFBLFOJOH PG UIF TUBUF GVSUIFS VOEFSNJOFE UIF CBTJD DJWJM DBSF GPS UIPTF JO OFFE PG JU "O JODSFEJCMF BNPVOU PG OFUXPSLFE PSHBOJ[BUJPOT HBWF SJTF UP B TBGFUZ OFU GPS
TPNF PG UIFTF QFPQMF JO EFQSJWFE TJUVBUJPOT 6OSFHBSEFE UIF FYUFOU PG UIJT OFUXPSL SFBMJUZ TIPXT UIF JOTVGmDJFODZ PG UIFTF TPDJBM NPWFNFOUT *O DPOWFSTBUJPO XJUI B ZPVUI DPVOTFMPS JO EPXOUPXO #BMUJNPSF B TUSJLJOH SFBMJUZ XJUIJO UIF GBNJMZ TQIFSF JT QVU UP UIF GPSF XIJDI QPSUSBZT UIJT JOTVGmDJFODZ .PUIFST XPSLJOH EPVCMF TIJGUT UP QBZ UIF CJMMT XIJMF IVTCBOET BSF JODBSDFSBUFE NBZ CF B WFSZ TUSPOH TUJHNB BOE BO FYUSFNF FYBNQMF CVU NBOZ GBNJMZ TJUVBUJPOT SFTFNCMF UIJT TUSVDUVSF 5IF JODBQBDJUZ GPS UIFTF NPUIFST UP DPNCJOF NPUIFSIPPE BOE CBTJD QSPWJTJPOBM UBTLT GPS UIFJS GBNJMJFT SFTVMUT JO UIFJS DIJMESFO CFJOH BEESFTTFE UP MJGF PO UIF TUSFFUT " GFX DBO CF SFGFSSFE UP BGUFS TDIPPM QSPHSBNT CVU BMSFBEZ BU B ZPVOH BHF B SFDSVJUJOH GSPN UIF DSJNJOBM TQIFSF UFBST UIFTF DIJMESFO BXBZ GSPN UIFTF GPSNBM BGUFS TDIPPM QSPHSBNT *G JU XFSF OPU GPS UIF BUUSBDUJWF JODFOUJWFT QSPWJEFE CZ UIFTF DSJNJOBMT DJWJM TPDJFUZ XPVME OPU IBWF UP TUSVHHMF TP IBSE UP LFFQ UIFN PVU PG UIJT WJDJPVT DJSDMF #BTJD QSPWJTJPOT MJLF DMPUIFT BOE GPPE CVU BMTP TBGFUZ XIJDI UIFJS GBNJMZ TUSVDUVSF GBJMT UP QSPWJEF BSF FBTJMZ QSPWJEFE CZ UIFTF DSJNJOBM PSHBOJ[BUJPOT UP MVSF UIFN JOUP UIFJS BSFB PG JOnVFODF 5IF JOUFSFTU GSPN UIFJS TJEF JO DIJMESFO BU B ZPVOH BHF JT UIFJS TUBUVT BT B NJOPS JO UIF DSJNJOBM KVTUJDF TZTUFN 'PS UIFTF DIJMESFO UP FOKPZ UIFTF QSPWJTJPOT B XFFLMZ GFF JT SFRVFTUFE UP QBZ UP UIF iHBOHw " DPNQMFY SFBMJUZ PG QPXFS SFMBUJPOT JT DSFBUFE XIFSF UIFTF DIJMESFO BVUPNBUJDBMMZ UVSO UP DSJNJOBM BDUT UP QSPWJEF UIJT GFF UP UIFJS iOFX GBNJMZ TUSVDUVSFw JO PSEFS UP HFU UIFJS CBTJD OFFET GVMmMMFE *U JT XJUI HSFBU BXF UIBU XF OPUJDF UIBU TUBUF DJWJM TPDJFUZ BOE UIF QSJWBUF TQIFSF GBJM JO QSPWJEJOH TVDI CBTJD IVNBO SJHIUT JOTPGBS UIBU JSPOJDBMMZ UIF DSJNJOBM TQIFSF IPXFWFS EJTUPSUFE UIBU NBZ CF IBT UIF DBQBDJUZ UP UBLF PO UIJT UBTL 37
Civil Society in East Baltimore Stakeholders’ Programmatic Activities
Food | 'JSTU PG BMM XF IBWF UIF DPNNFSDJBM TUSJQ PG .POVNFOU 4USFFU XJUI UIF North East Market 5IF OVUSJUJPOBM WBMVF PG UIF GPPE QSPWJTJPO IFSF JT TJHOJmDBOUMZ QPPS SFTVMUJOH JO XIBU POF DPVME DBMM B GPPE TXBNQ 0UIFS PSHBOJ[BUJPOT UIBU DPODFSO UIFNTFMWFT XJUI GPPE BSF GPS JOTUBODF UIF HEBCAC UIBU QMBOT UP EFWFMPQ B DPNNJTTBSZ TFSWJOH BMM UIF TDIPPMT JO #BMUJNPSF 5IJT QSPKFDU XPVME CF EFWFMPQFE JO DPNCJOBUJPO XJUI VSCBO BHSJDVMUVSF mFMET NBLJOH VTF PG UIF WBDBOU MPUT $IVSDIFT TVDI BT UIF Amazing Grace Evangelica Church PO B TNBMMFS TDBMF CVU OPOFUIFMFTT IBWF BO JNQPSUBOU JNQBDU PO GPPE TFDVSJUZ JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF CZ QSPEVDJOH PO B TNBMM TDBMF BOE EJTUSJCVUJOH GSPN UIFJS PXO QBOUSJFT UP UIPTF JO OFFE 5IF Maryland Food Bank PO JUT IBOE TVQQPSUT UIF NBKPSJUZ PG UIFTF JOJUJBUJWFT EJSFDUMZ PS JOEJSFDUMZ
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Environment | 1 HEBCAC PSHBOJ[FT FWFOUT TVDI
Housing | 5IF EBDI UIF EFWFMPQNFOU DPNQBOZ
BT USFF QMBOUJOHT BOE OFJHICPSIPPE DMFBOVQT UP JNQSPWF UIF MJWJOH FOWJSPONFOU 5IF Amazing Grace Church EPFT FGGPSUT PG DMFBOJOH VQ JUT JOOFS DPVSUZBSE BOE DSFBUF B MJUUMF QJFDF PG IFBWFO BT UIFZ DBMM JU JO JUT CBDL ZBSE CZ HSFFOJOH JU XJUI UIF QVSQPTF PG QSPEVDJOH GPPE BOE DSFBUJOH B SFDSFBUJPOBM WBMVF "T POF DBO TFF UIFSF JT QPPS DPWFSBHF PG UIF FOWJSPONFOUBM QSPCMFNT JO UIF BSFB /FWFSUIFMFTT XF UIJOL UIBU SFTQFDU UP UIF OBUVSBM TUSVDUVSFT BOE SFTPMWJOH UIF SFMBUFE FOWJSPONFOUBM QSPCMFNT JO B TUSBUFHJD XBZ NJHIU CF B LFZ UP JEFOUJUZ BOE SFTQFDU UP UIF QMBDF XIFSF QFPQMF MJWF JO $SFBUJOH DJWJM TPDJFUZ UISPVHI UIF UBDLMJOH PG FOWJSPONFOUBM QPUFOUJBMT DBO CF B LFZ TUSBUFHZ UP TPMWJOH NBOZ PG UIF VSCBO JMMOFTTFT &BTU #BMUJNPSF EFBMT XJUI UPEBZ
PG UIF Johns Hopkins Hospital, UIBU JT DPODFSOFE XJUI UIF OFX QMBOT PG FYUFOEJOH UIF IPTQJUBM UP UIF OPSUI 8JUI UIF IPVTJOH CVCCMF PG UIF EFWFMPQNFOU IBT DPNF UP B QBVTF /FWFSUIFMFTT UIFZ IBWF BMSFBEZ DPOTUSVDUFE IPVTJOH GPS FMEFSMZ BOE GBNJMJFT $VSSFOUMZ B NBTTJWF TUVEFOU IPVTJOH DPNQMFY JT CFJOH DPOTUSVDUFE BT XFMM "MTP UIF HEBCAC JT DPODFSOFE XJUI DFSUBJO EFWFMPQNFOUT CF JU PO B TNBMMFS TDBMF 'PS JOTUBODF UIFJS &BHFS 4USFFU )PVTJOH 1SPKFDU JT B QVCMJD IPVTJOH QSPKFDU BU UIF TDBMF PG UIF UZQJDBM #BMUJNPSF SPXIPVTFT
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40
Employment | 8JUI BCPVU FNQMPZFFT UIF
Crime | 5IF EBDI HVBSET JUT PXO UFSSBJO CZ QBUSPMMJOH
NBKPS FNQMPZFS PG #BMUJNPSF JT Johns Hopkins Hospital -PDBUFE XJUIJO BO BSFB XIFSF FNQMPZNFOU JT POF PG UIF HSFBUFTU QSPCMFNT UIJT TUBUFT ZFU BOPUIFS TUSJLJOH DPOUSBEJDUJPO The Door’s Leaders of Tomorrow QSPWJEFT UIF OFDFTTBSZ TLJMMT GPS BEPMFTDFOU CPZT UP EFWFMPQ UIFJS DIBSBDUFS BOE SFEVDF BEPMFTDFOU SJTL GBDUPST QFFS QSFTTVSF TFY WJPMFODF FUD BOE JODSFBTF TVDDFTT GBDUPST FEVDBUJPO GVUVSF DBSFFST BOE GBNJMZ BQQSFDJBUJPO 5IF HEBCAC QSPWJEFT KPC SFBEJOFTT DMBTTFT BOE KPC QMBDFNFOU TFSWJDFT BT XFMM BT DBSFFS USBJOJOH JO IJHI HSPXUI JOEVTUSJFT 5IF HEBCAC BMTP QMBOT UIF DPNNJTTBSZ XIJDI BT XFMM GPSNT BO PQQPSUVOJUZ GPS OFX KPCT JO UIF BSFB PG &BTU #BMUJNPSF
UISPVHI UIF OFJHICPSIPPE UIFZ QMBO UP EFWFMPQ EBZ BOE OJHIU 5IF Johns Hopkins GBDJMJUZ JT CFJOH HVBSEFE BU FWFSZ FOUSBODF 5IJT HJWFT B WFSZ SFQSFTTJWF JNBHF UP DSJNF QSFWFOUJPO JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF 0OF PG UIF NPTU TUSJLJOH GPSNT PG DSJNF mHIUJOH JT UIF JNQMFNFOUBUJPO PG UIF blue lights BT B OFUXPSL PG TVSWFJMMBODF DBNFSBT UISPVHIPVU UIF VSCBO UJTTVF " WBSJFUZ PG SPPU CBTFE BOUJ DSJNF JOJUJBUJWFT BSF CBTFE JO GPS JOTUBODF B JH Drug Program XPSLJOH PO ESVH QSFWFOUJPO BOE UIF HEBCAC XJUI JUT Dee’s Place JOJUJBUJWF The Door PO JUT IBOE QSPWJEFT FEVDBUJPOBM XPSLTIPQT UIBU USZ UP SFEVDF UIF BEPMFTDFOU SJTLT PG HFUUJOH DBVHIU VQ JO UIF DSJNF TDFOF "O JNQPSUBOU OPUJPO XF FYQFSJFODFE JO PVS mFME XPSL JT UIBU NPTU BDUJPOT BHBJOTU DSJNF BSF PSHBOJ[FE JO B SFQSFTTJWF XBZ
Health | 0G DPVSTF UIF QSJODJQBM QMBZFS JO UIF IFBMUI
Youth | "T NFOUJPOFE CFGPSF UIF Johns Hopkins
DBSF JO #BMUJNPSF JT Johns Hopkins Hospital #FDBVTF PG UIF IJHI UISFTIPME PG UIF Johns Hopkins GBDJMJUZ B TNBMMFS CVU UP UIF &BTU #BMUJNPSF JOIBCJUBOUT NVDI NPSF TJHOJmDBOU NFEJDBM IFBMUI DMJOJD FNFSHFE UIF Charm City Clinic 5IJT DMJOJD UBLFT VQPO JUTFMG UIF UBTL PG IFMQJOH QFPQMF HFUUJOH QSPQFS NFEJDBM IFMQ BOE IFBMUI DBSF QMBOT 0UIFS PSHBOJ[BUJPOT MJLF UIF HEBCAC DSFBUF JOJUJBUJWFT MJLF Dee’s Place UIBU EFBM XJUI IFBMUI JO B NPSF JOEJSFDU XBZ CZ EFBMJOH XJUI ESVH QSPCMFNT GPS FYBNQMF
Drug Program EFBMT XJUI QSFWFOUJOH TVCTUBODF BCVTF FTQFDJBMMZ GPDVTJOH PO GBNJMJFT Elev8 Baltimore BO JOJUJBUJWF PG EBDI QBSUOFST XJUI TDIPPMT BOE UIF DPNNVOJUZ UP NBLF TVSF UIBU FWFSZ TUVEFOU JT SFBEZ UP TVDDFFE JO IJHI TDIPPM The Door PSHBOJ[FT BGUFS TDIPPM QSPHSBNT JO DPPQFSBUJPO XJUI UIF TDIPPMT *U BMTP FOHBHFT UIF ZPVUI JO TLJMM EFWFMPQNFOU BOE QIZTJDBM FYFSDJTF The Club JT BOPUIFS FYBNQMF PG BO PSHBOJ[BUJPO UIBU EFBMT XJUI DSFBUJOH B QMBUGPSN GPS DIJMESFO UP IBWF BGUFS TDIPPM PDDVQBUJPO 'PVS FMFNFOUBSZ NJEEMF TDIPPMT QSPWJEF FEVDBUJPO JO UIJT BSFB XF GPDVTTFE PO $PMMJOHUPO 4RVBSF %S 3BZOFS #SPXOF 5FODI 5JMHINBO BOE UIF &BTU #BMUJNPSF $PNNVOJUZ 4DIPPM $FOUSBMMZ MPDBUFE UIFSF JT B EFQBSUNFOU PG .*$" DBMMFE .*$" 1-"$& XIJDI QSPWJEFT HSBEVBUF FEVDBUJPO JO TPDJBM EFTJHO BOE DPNNVOJUZ EFWFMPQNFOU MJOLFE XJUI BSU BOE DVMUVSF 41
Civil Society in East Baltimore Stakeholders’ Physical Presence
Johns Hopkins Hospital | 5IJT NFEJDBM DBNQVT CFMPOHT UP POF PG UIF NPTU SFOPXO IPTQJUBM GBDJMJUJFT JO UIF 64" *U DPWFST B TVQFSCMPDL MPDBUFE PO UIF IJHIFTU QPJOU JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF WJTJCMF GSPN FWFSZ BOHMF *U IBT ESBTUJDBMMZ BMUFSFE UIF HSJE UP NFFU JUT OFFET .BKPS USBGmD BSUFSJFT DPOOFDU UIF GBDJMJUZ XJUI JUT FNQMPZFFT NPTU PG UIFN DPNNVUJOH GSPN UIF TVCVSCT "T B DPOTFRVFODF B WBTU BNPVOU PG QBSLJOH MPUT IBWF CFFO DPOTUSVDUFE BSPVOE UIF IPTQJUBM UP IPME UIFTF DPNNVUFST DBST EVSJOH XPSLJOH IPVST
40.   East-ÂWest  section  over  Monument  St. Â
41.   Isometric  view  on  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital 42
EBDI | &BTU #BMUJNPSF %FWFMPQNFOU *OD JT B OPOQSPmU
2004
PSHBOJ[BUJPO UIBU JT MFBEJOH UIF USBOTGPSNBUJPO PG BO BSFB OPSUI PG UIF +PIOT )PQLJOT .FEJDBM $BNQVT 6OEFS +PIOT )PQLJOT MFBEFSTIJQ UIF &#%* UIF MBSHFTU SFEFWFMPQNFOU QSPKFDU FWFS VOEFSUBLFO JO #BMUJNPSF o TFFLT UP SFWFSTF IJTUPSJD USFOET BOE USBOTGPSNT UIF EJTJOWFTUFE OFJHICPSIPPE JOUP B UISJWJOH NJYFE JODPNF DPNNVOJUZ GPS GBNJMJFT CVTJOFTTFT BOE QVCMJD JOTUJUVUJPOT #VU UIF PSHBOJ[BUJPO IBT RVJUF SVUIMFTTMZ EFTUSPZFE NVDI PG UIF VSCBO UJTTVF MFBWJOH CFIJOE BO PQFO MBOETDBQF WPJE PG BOZ VSCBO BDUJWJUZ BOE XIJDI GPS OPX XJMM OPU CF EFWFMPQFE CFDBVTF PG UIF FDPOPNJD EPXOUVSO
2009
42.   Erasure  of  urban  tissue  between  2004  and  2009
$PNQMFUFE VOEFS DPOTUSVDUJPO 1MBOOFE QIBTF < > 1MBOOFE QIBTF < > 6SCBO WPJET
43.   Isometric  view  on  EBDI Â
44.   Isometric  view  on  EBDI   -  Development  Plan 43
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45.   Isometric  view  on  HEBCAC 44
0OF PG UIFJS BDDPNQMJTINFOUT JT UIF DPNNVOJUZ DFOUFS BU / .JMUPO "WF TFF JNBHF CFMPX XIJDI IPVTFT TFWFSBM OPO QSPmU PSHBOJ[BUJPOT JOWPMWFE JO DPNNVOJUZ TFSWJDFT *O GBDU UIFJS JOUFSFTU JO CVJMEJOHT XJUI IJTUPSJDBM JOEVTUSJBM DIBSBDUFS TFSWFT UIF QVSQPTF PG SFFTUBCMJTIJOH &BTU #BMUJNPSF T JEFOUJUZ UISPVHI JUT QBTU " NFFUJOH XJUI UIF QSPHSBN EJSFDUPS QPSUSBZFE UIBU UIFJS QSPHSBN IBT UIF QPUFOUJBM PG CFDPNJOH BO JNQPSUBOU TUSVDUFSJOH TUSBUFHZ CVU VQ UJMM OPX JT CFJOH FYFDVUFE JO B WFSZ GSBHNFOUFE XBZ
46.   Isometric  view  on  HEBCAC  -  Community  Center
Education | &BTU #BMUJNPSF T TDIPPM TZTUFN JT FRVBMMZ EJTUSJCVUFE PWFS UIF VSCBO UJTTVF <5IF $PMMJOHUPO 4RVBSF %S 3BZOFS #SPXOF 5FODI 5JMHINBO &MFNFOUBSZ 4DIPPMT UIF &BTU #BMUJNPSF $PNNVOJUZ 4DIPPM .*$" 1-"$& BOE UIF +PIOT )PQLJOT .FEJDBM &EVDBUJPO GBDJMJUJFT> 0WFSBMM #BMUJNPSF DBO EFQFOE PO B WFSZ HPPE FEVDBUJPOBM QSPWJTJPO BO FYBNQMF GPS UIF OBUJPO /FWFSUIFMFTT JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF UIF VSCBO JMMT PSHBOJ[FE DSJNF BOE TVCTUBODF BCVTF QSPCMFNT QVU UIF TDIPPMT JO B EJSF QPTJUJPO *O BO BUUFNQU UP QSPWJEF B TBGF IBWFO GPS UIF DIJMESFO BXBZ GSPN UIF NBOZ TPDJFUBM JMMT QSFTFOU JO UIF TVSSPVOEJOHT TDIPPMT USZ UP BWPJE VTF PG QVCMJD JOGSBTUSVDUVSF
47.   Isometric  view  on  the  educational  landscape
48.   Great  Kids  Great  Schools
49.   Collington  Square  Elementary  School 45
50.   Normal  block
51.   Amazing  Grace  Church  block
Churches | 5IF "NB[JOH (SBDF &WBOHFMJDB -VUIFSBO $IVSDI JT B HSFBU FYBNQMF PG DPNNVOJUZ FOHBHFNFOU MJOLFE UP SFMJHJPVT BDUJWJUJFT *O GBDU PO POF PG PVS PO TJUF SFTFBSDIFT JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF XF BUUFOEFE B NBTT 5IJT IBQQFOFE UP CF PO 1BMN 4VOEBZ 8F XJUOFTTFE B QMBDF XIFSF NVUVBM SFTQFDU BOE XJMMJOHOFTT UP IFMQ BOPUIFS PVU MBJE UIF CBTJT PG B HSFBU DPNNVOJUZ GFFMJOH 'PSNFS NPTUMZ XIJUF SFTJEFOUT PG &BTU #BMUJNPSF DPNF CBDL UP UIJT DIVSDI SFHVMBSMZ UP IFMQ PVU UIF DPNNVOJUZ UIFZ PODF HSFX VQ JO 5IF DIVSDI IBT JO UIJT TFOTF DSFBUFE B HSFBU DPOOFDUJPO CFUXFFO UIF TVCVSCT BOE UIJT EJTUSFTTFE OFJHICPSIPPE 'VSUIFS UIF DIVSDI IBT USBOTGPSNFE BO JOOFS CMPDL JOUP BO PBTJT XJUI TPNF BHSJDVMUVSBM BDUJWJUZ BOE QMBZJOH HSPVOET GPS UIF DIJMESFO *U IBT PQFOFE VQ UIJT CMPDL UP HJWF TQBDF UP DPNNVOJUZ BDUJWJUJFT 52.   Isometric  view  on  religious  facilities 46
MARKET 53.   Logo  Baltimore  Super  Pride  markets
Baltimore Super Pride | 5IF DPMMBQTF PG 4VQFS 1SJEF
54.   Isometric  view  on  the  Super  Pride  market Â
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
Civil Society in East Baltimore Civil Society and Design
$PVME JU CF UIBU XJUI UIF DVSSFOU FDPOPNJD EPXOUVSO JU JT UJNF UP SFUIJOL UIF DBQBDJUZ PG DJWJM TPDJFUZ XIJDI JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF TFFNT UP CF UIF TPMF TFU PG TUBLFIPMEFST DPNNJUUFE UP UIF FMFWBUJPO PG UIF EFQSJWJOH JTTVFT NBOZ PG JUT JOIBCJUBOUT EFBM XJUI An effective approach to institutional change, including change in the institutions of civil society according to Foucault (1988: 18), with direct reference to Habermas, is not trying to dissolve [relations of power] in the utopia of a perfectly transparent communication, but to give â&#x20AC;¦ the rules of law, the techniques of management, and also the ethics, which would allow these games of power to be played with a minimum of domination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
48
PG UIF BCJMJUZ UP TUFFS VSCBO USBOTGPSNBUJPO WJB QPMJUJDBM TPDJBM PS FDPOPNJD FOEFBWPST *G EFTJHOFST DBO TFF UIFNTFMWFT BT QBSU PG UIF IVNBO BHFODZ UIBU DPOTUSVDU UIF SFBMN PG TPDJFUZ UIFZ DPVME mOE UIFNTFMWFT CFDPNJOH UIF DSFBUPST PG UIFTF OFVUSBM QMBUGPSNT PO XIJDI B OFX IFBMUIZ DJWJM TPDJFUZ DBO CF DPOTUSVDUFE 5IF TFBSDI GPS B NFBOJOHGVM VSCBOJUZ JT B DPNNPO TFBSDI XIJDI XJTIFT UP JEFOUJGZ BMUFSOBUJWF PQUJPOT TUSBUFHJFT BOE NFUIPEPMPHJFT XIJDI PGGFS TPDJBM BOE QPMJUJDBM DPNNJUNFOU BOE B SPVUF UP UIF CFUUFSNFOU PG UIF DJUZ BOE TPDJFUZ â&#x20AC;&#x153;If there is no struggle there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground. They want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters. This struggle may be a moral one; or it may be a physical one; or it may be both moral and physical; but it must be a struggle. Power concedes nothing without demand. It never did and it never will.â&#x20AC;? [1849 | Douglass, F.]
References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
49
Infrastructures East Baltimore Spatial conditions of exclusion.
&BTU #BMUJNPSF MBZT PO UXP IJMMT TFQBSBUFE CZ UIF SBJMXBZ DPOOFDUJOH 8BTIJOHUPO UP /FX :PSL BOE BMJHOFE CZ UXP GPSNFS DSFFLT 5IF SBJMSPBE XBT B NBKPS BUUSBDUPS GPS TQFDVMBUJWF EFWFMPQNFOU JO UIF BSFB 8JUIPVU BMM UIF JOEVTUSZ HBUIFSJOH BSPVOE UIF SBJMXBZ UIJT BSFB XPVME OFWFS IBWF BUUSBDUFE TP NBOZ JNNJHSBOUT BU UIF UVSO PG UIF UI DFOUVSZ 5IF 1PQQMFUPO (SJE B SFDUJMJOFBS TUSFUDIFE DIFTTCPBSE QBUUFSO XBT PWFSMBJE PO UIF TMPQJOH MBOETDBQF XBJUJOH GPS EFWFMPQFST UP mMM JU JO 5IF OFX OFJHICPSIPPET JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF XFSF EFTJHOFE GPS B CPPNJOH DJUZ XJUI PWFSTJ[FE SPBET N XJEF BMJHOFE CZ NFUFS IJHI SPX IPVTFT 1SPWPLJOH UIF JNBHF PG B MPX SJTF OFJHICPSIPPE UIBU XPVME CF BCMF UP NFFU UIF EFNBOET PG B HSPXJOH DJUZ 5IF 1PQQMFUPO HSJE JT JOUFSTFDUFE CZ TFWFSBM PME UVSOQJLF SPBET MJLF /PSUI (BZ 4U BOE UIF 1VMBTLJ )JHIXBZ BMMJHOJOH UIF MPXFTU UPQPHSBQIJDBM MJOFT #SPBEXBZ JT NBKPS BYJT UIBU DPOOFDUT UIF OPSUIFSO IJMMT UP UIF CBZ
INFRASTRUCTURE 50
0O UPQ PG UIF IJHIFTU IJMM +PIOT )PQLJOT )PTQJUBM XBT CVJMU JO PO UIF PVUTLJSUT PG UIF DJUZ PWFSMPPLJOH BHSJDVMUVSBM mFMET 5IF IPTQJUBM XBT UIF mSTU UP EFWFMPQ B QJFDF PG MBOE JO &BTU #BMUJNPSF BOE UPEBZ mOET JUTFMG TVSSPVOEFE CZ MPXFS DMBTT OFJHICPSIPPET 5IF BSFB JT EJWJEFE JO UXP XBUFSTIFET 5IF PME DSFFLT BSF DPWFSFE BOE XFSF SFQMBDFE CZ B OFUXPSL PG TUPSN XBUFS ESBJOT 5SBTI BOE QPMMVUBOUT FOE VQ TUSBJHIU JO UIF $IFTBQFBLF #BZ 5IF QBSLT GPS FYBNQMF 1BUUFSTPO 1BSL XFSF QVSQPTFMZ DSFBUFE PO TUFFQ PS TXBNQZ UFSSBJO CFDBVTF UIFTF BSFBT XFSF OPU TVJUBCMF GPS EFWFMPQNFOU
N. Gaystreet
Northern Cemetry
Railroad to NYC
Pulaski Highway Patterson Park
55. Infrastructure in East Baltimore 51
56. Johns Hopkins Hospital is located on the highest point
57. East Baltimore is located in two distinct watersheds 52
58. Topography , parks and Johns Hopkins (red) in East Baltimore
59. The railroad constructed on the lowest point 53
East Baltimore Mirrored Reflecting on design strategies.
5IF QSFWJPVT UXP DIBQUFST IBWF MFBE UP B UIPSPVHI VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF EZOBNJDT &BTU #BMUJNPSF EFBMT XJUI 'SPN UIJT BOBMZTJT XF DBO DPODMVEF UIBU UIF DVSSFOU EPNJOBODF PG +PIOT )PQLJOT IBT B NBKPS JNQBDU PO XIBU IBQQFOT PS NPSFPWFS EPFT OPU IBQQFO JO UIF OFJHICPSIPPE 5IF GSBHNFOUFE /(0 MBOETDBQF CFOEJOH VOEFS UIF QSFTTVSF PG +PIO T )PQLJOT JNQBSUJBM JOUFSFTUT DBVTFT BO JOFGm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mOET JUT GPVOEBUJPO JO UIF SFBM FTUBUF DSJTJT UIBU FNFSHFE GSPN UIF IPVTJOH CVCCMF JO 5IJT NPNFOUVN IBT DBVTFE GPS BMM EFWFMPQNFOUBM BDUJWJUJFT UP CF TUPQQFE BOE HJWFT UIF PQQPSUVOJUZ UP SFUIJOL IPX UIJT VOCSJEMFE EFWFMPQNFOU IBT CFFO BDIJFWFE BOE IPX XF DPVME CF BCMF UP UIJOL PG NPSF JODMVTJWF TUSBUFHJFT JO UIF GVUVSF 5IJT TUSBUFHZ DPOTJTUT PG SFQPTJUJPOJOH +PIOT )PQLJOT )PTQJUBM XJUIJO JUT QIZTJDBM BOE PSHBOJ[BUJPOBM UFSSJUPSZ UBQQJOH JOUP UIF MPDBM DBQBDJUZ PG UIF SFTJEFOUT SFDPOmHVSJOH UIF /(0 OFUXPSL JO B NPSF FGmDJFOU XBZ SFJNBHJOJOH UIF VSCBO GBCSJD BOE mOBMMZ JODMVEF BMM 56
MBZFST PG DJWJM FOHBHFNFOU CFJOH QPMJUJDBM FDPMPHJDBM FDPOPNJDBM BOE TPDJBM #FGPSF HPJOH GVSUIFS JOUP UIF EFTJHO XF TFU TPNF HPBMT XIJDI XF JOUFOEFE UP BDIJFWF UISPVHI PVS QIZTJDBM JOUFSWFOUJPOT 'JSTU BOE GPSFNPTU XF FNQPXFS UIF &BTU #BMUJNPSF JOIBCJUBOUT UP HJWF UIFN B TJHOJmDBOU XFJHIU UP CBMBODF PVU +PIOT )PQLJOT EPNJOBOU DIBSBDUFS 4FDPOEMZ XF USZ UP VOJGZ UIF /(0 MBOETDBQF BSPVOE DPNNPO HPBMT #Z UBDLMJOH UIF PNOJQSFTFODF PG UIF EFOTF CVU WBDBOU VSCBO GBCSJD XF JOUFOE UP SFWJWF JU XJUI OFX BDUJWJUJFT BOE CZ EPJOH TP XF IPQF UP SF BDUJWBUF UIF SFBM FTUBUF NBSLFU CZ CSJOHJOH QSPGPVOE DIBOHFT UP UIF DIBSBDUFS PG OFX EFWFMPQNFOUT 5IJT CSJOHT VT UP UIF MBTU QBSU MPDBUFE JO UIF OFYU DIBQUFS XIFSF XF EJTDVTT PVS JOEJWJEVBM TUSBUFHJFT CBTFE PO UIFTF DPNNPO HSPVOET