COMMENT #2

Adapting technology to design virusaware buildings

WORDS MARK WARBURTON

One of the immediate impacts the COVID-19 pandemic has and will continue to have on our industry is changes to the specifi cations on new projects.

After all, COVID-19 is not the fi rst coronavirus to have an impact on the human population, SARS and MERS are both from the same family of virus, and nor is it likely to be the last.

An obvious change is making buildings as contactless as possible. Whilst this is not diffi cult to achieve in larger open spaces it is much more diffi cult in smaller offi ces or buildings whose usage naturally requires privacy.

The fi rst step to achieve contactless design is being able to determine when someone is entering or leaving a space, be that open or enclosed, and the ability to monitor much more accurately if people are still in a space.

New building technologies such as KNX may off er one solution. For example, using detectors that employ microwave sensing technology tuned to the movement signature of a human breathing. The sensor is designed to provide accurate presence information as well as outputs based on direction of movement and distance to movement. With motorised doors and intelligent lighting and HVAC, it would be simple to create a completely contactless environment as people move through a building and use diff erent spaces.

Other technologies include camera sensors which are able to determine the number of people in a room or in defi ned areas of the room. These could be used to provide feedback when additional people enter a shop, move from one part of a building to another or to increase the ventilation to ensure fresh, clean air is provided in more confi ned spaces. So, as a scenario, in a high-rotation offi ce space, a group of people have booked a meeting room, they enter the room, which has been brought up to temperature for them ten minutes before the meeting is due to start, and the lights turn on as they enter. They log in so their presence is recorded, the system adjusts based on the number of people actually using the room, then after the meeting the absence of people in a room might be used to trigger the cleaning crew to enter and wipe down the surfaces, so making the transition to the next users less risky.

Managing the quality of the air in the building is another area where building controls have a major role to play. This requires a shift in mindset from HVAC being as effi cient as

An obvious change is making buildings as contactless as possible.

possible to it being able to perform at a level which maintains the highest levels of filtration and air changes.

For this to work, a high level of control is needed over the AC systems and possibly a high level of integration with existing BMS systems.

The ability for occupants to interact with a building will also need to change, particularly as our understanding of the steps we will need to take to remain safe become second nature. Of course, this is ideally done on your own devices as anything else just adds risk back in which requires more management from the building managers. The concept of BYOD will become more common so never has it been more important for building control systems be designed in a way that allows seamless integration from any range of devices or external systems.

Which is why it’s good to see all the main open standards for building control creating a new market interest group to work on creating just that, a method for creating application layer agnostic, secure IP connectivity to a building.

Another approach is to install a server-based solution that offers user management as part of its feature lists. Whilst often considered part of the facility management, a hybrid solution that provides building wide visualisation and control along with lower-level control of individual rooms or functions, will keep the project cost down and still offer a high level of functionality.

It is only when we treat internal spaces as a single environment that we can really achieve the level of control needed to meet some of these newer requirements of building design. Having a holistic approach to control system design, with systems sharing a single infrastructure ensures that data from a sensor can be used across the system regardless of the application. Ideally this should also be a system that can be adapted over time, or even pivoted quickly to provide a completely different type of functionality. Whilst we may not be able to see into the future, we can use lessons from the past to ensure the systems we install and deign provide the highest level of adaptability and control.

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