Attachments & Auxiliaries In Begg’s Technique – Description & Application
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INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com www.indiandentalacademy.com
THE BEGG TECHNIQUE -an unique approach to ortho Rx. -Designed to permit teeth to move towards their anatomically correct position in jaws under the influence of very light forces. www.indiandentalacademy.com
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Light i.o force ďƒ no undue strain on anchor
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currents of mesial migration on large post. teeth ďƒ rapid tooth movement in presence of round arch wire & narrow brackets.
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Permits the teeth to move independently of one another tipping freely in early stages detailed root positioning in final stages. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Historical background Raymond begg used Ribbon arch appliance at Angle’s school before he returned to Australia in nov. 1925. Working independently in Adelaide he adopted extn was often necessary original ribbon arch brackets but turned them upside down, slot facing gingivally www.indiandentalacademy.com
Replaced precious metal rectangular wire with high st. 0.016� s.s wire (A.J. Wilcock) Added auxiliary springs to control root position.
In resultant appliance friction was minimized small contact area between bracket & wire small force of wire against bracket. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Attachments used in Begg’s Technique are Brackets & lock pins Bands Molar tubes Ball end Hooks Lingual Attachments www.indiandentalacademy.com
The primary function of attachments -transmit forces of activation from wires & elastics to teeth & transmit forces of tissue resistance back to wires & elastics.
This depends upon - functional design - limitations inherent to their location on, & orientation to, the crown. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Design of Bracket & Tubes The design of the attach. on all teeth except molar must permit free crown tipping by aw & e during first 2 stages & also permit root tipping by auxiliaries used with aw & e during 3rd stage. Molar tube must provide that molars can be placed & maintained in upright position without tipping or rotation. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Brackets
Main attachment
Modified ribbon arch brackets - slots facing gingivally ( narrow brackets – permit free tipping in all the direction)
It has a slot to carry the arch wire and a vertical slot to carry the lock pin to hold wire www.indiandentalacademy.com
Requirements for a light wire bracket •
Ease of arch wire engagement
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Mean to guide both tail and head of lock pin.
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Positive retention of arch wire in all 3 stages.
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Free tipping and sliding of arch wire. www.indiandentalacademy.com
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Ability to effect and hold rotations.
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Ability to prevent accidental tipping in stage 3.
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Facility to use spring pins or rotation springs with by-pass clamps.
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Should not deform under occlusal load
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Maximum comfort www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dimensions - (TP 256 )
Depth of slot- 0.020”
.020”
.020”
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.045”
Height of slot -0.045” Base dim. -.122”x.125” Pin slot dim. – 0.020”
.125”
.015”
.122”
Classification of brackets According to constitution Metallic (stainless steel) bondable weld able Non Metallic (Aesthetic) plastic ceramic According to placement Labial Lingual According to anatomical bases Flat Curved ď Ź
Bondable brackets may have jigs for positioning ranging height from 31/2 to 41/2 mm. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Metallic brackets Strength -must be made of good quality s.s sheets of minimum thickness 0.015� slot depth must not exceed 0.022� for rotational control Weld able bracket can be welded on band it can be with flat base or curved base
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For bondable brackets – strong union of bonding mesh with the proper base by way of brazing is essential, done without obliterating mesh holes .
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Mesh Mini mesh (TP 256 -050) smallest base available same size of bracket more esthetic Super mini mesh (TP 256-150) -larger than mini mesh extends slightly beyond the bracket base more bonding surface www.indiandentalacademy.com
Esthetic brackets Plastic brackets Made of polycarbonates Available in tooth color or crystal clear plastic Flat for centrals Curved for cuspids & bicuspids
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Ceramic brackets Esthetic bracket Ceramaflex II 256 begg(TP labs) having all unique feature of metal brackets Polycrystalline alumina manuf. by injection molding. Base is polycarbonate for easy debonding.
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Slots are formed during molding not milled so resist to stress cracks. Pins – modified pins s.s/brass and nylon pins (for nylon pins bending special heating device “nylon lock pin iron” button) Stage III mini up righting springs, ni ti tourquing bars www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anatomical bases
Flat base for incisors
Bracket flange and base curved for cuspid & bicuspid – lack rotational control
Bracket flange flat and base curved –provide maximum rotational control
Clockwise brackets
anticlockwise brackets www.indiandentalacademy.com
Other types of brackets
LTD limited tipping design brackets
With built in torque – Kameda brackets
Combination brackets
Tip edge brackets
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Lock pins - essential to hold the wire in bracket & allows the force to be transmitted from arch wire & elastics to teeth. ď Ź ď Ź
Made from soft s.s or brass (nylon for ceramic) must be soft to permit easy bending close to bracket vertical wall www.indiandentalacademy.com
Types of lock pins One point safety lock pin Used during first stage with 0.016” wire shoulder on labial surface of head Beveled under surface tipping(35% more) Lab-lin width of pin in slot area is 0.024” so rotational control with 0.016” wire Available plain or with brake- off notch
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Second stage Safety lock pins
Shoulder on labial surface of head ensure free mesiodistal tipping
Lab-lin width of pin(0.020”) reduced 0.004” as compare to stage 1 pins to permit use with 0.018”or 0.020” inch wire
Available with brake- off notch
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Hook pins
Used on all teeth that do not req. m-d tipping Absence of Shoulder and hook shape permits positive locking of arch wire and auxiliaries in 3rd stage. Hold to use wire against bracket in ant. tooth with rotating spring.
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High hat pins Pin with an extension on head to readily accept vertical or cross elastics Can be used in any stage
Super high hat Indicated for fixation the segments with elastics following surgery www.indiandentalacademy.com
T pins
Lock pin with broad head that controls the mesiodistal inclination of tooth
Normally used in 3rd stage to replace
deactivated m-d springs as a mean of m-d stability
Can be used to limit free tipping in any stage. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Types
Universal T pins (s.s) has lingual hook to retain arch wire with slight pressure head takes a set to hold the tooth at any angle
Original T pins (s.s or brass) 90º, 10º left & 10º right www.indiandentalacademy.com
Ceramaflex pins modified pins Used with ceramic brackets Bulkier than its metallic version s.s/brass and nylon pins For nylon pins bending special heating device “nylon lock pin iron” button www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lingual pin To lock the wire in bracket during stage 3 when plain uprighting springs are used.
Spring pin A combination of safety lock pin and uprighting spring Eliminates the need for ligating the arch wire to the bracket
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Bands Although bonding has replaced the banding there are number of indication
Teeth that will receive heavy intermittent forces against attach. e.g.. Molar
Teeth req. both labial & lingual attach.
Teeth with short clinical crown
Tooth surface incompatible to bonding
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Although there are exceptions, the rule in cotemporary orthodontics Anteriors
bonded
Premolars
bonded or banded depending
upon height of c .crown & need for lingual attach. molars
pref. banding www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dimensions of bands commonly used Molars 0.006” x 0.18” or 0.006” x 0.20” Bicuspids 0.004” x 0.15” or 0.005” x 0.15” Anteriors 0.004” x 0.125” or 0.003” x 0.125” Bands can be custom made or preformed (with or without attach.) www.indiandentalacademy.com
Molar tubes Designed to permit free m-d sliding of arch wire ďƒ free distolingual tipping of anterior teeth Tubes –weld able, solder able or bondable with hook or without hook with vertical slot (uprighting springs) 2 to 6 degree distolingual offset tubes are also available www.indiandentalacademy.com
Types of molar tubes Round dim-0.036�inside diameter x0.25� long Placed on buccal surface 1st p molar
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Convertible round tube Dim. Of regular round tube By placing an insert the internal diameter changed from 0.036� to 0.021� to reduce the play between wire & tube during stage 3
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Flat oval tube
Dim- 0.027” x 0.50” internal diameter, 0.200” long,
when 1st p molar is missing used on 2nd molar (smaller root).
Also used in mandibular arch on 1st permanent molar when man-2nd pm is missing.
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Interchangeable tube permits switching from a double back arch wire to a straight back arch wire with out loosing mechanical advantage and change of tube
End tab www.indiandentalacademy.com
Combination tube
Consist of gingival round tube 0.036”diametre x 6.2mm long & rectangular (ribbon) occlusal tube 0.025”x 0.018” dia x 5.5 mm long
used when finishing is done by rectangular wire.
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Additional round tube Placed on molars for engaging lip bumpers, head gears, EVVA (Experimental fixed appliance activator) etc. Placed gingival to main tube except for EVVA appliance (occlusal)
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Ball end hook
For the hook less tube ball end hook is placed at the mesial end of molar tube with free end directed gingivally and distally.
Prevents rotation of molars as compared to elastic attached to distal end.
Especially useful in short clinical crown.
Increased patient cooperation.
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Lingual attachments Lingual button or cleat Placed on lingual surface of teeth for attachment of c. elastics, e. thread, wire ligature Placed on m-d center unless severe crowding is present or tooth is rotated can be bondable or weld able Lingual cleats are used instead of button because they provide greater versatility for attachment of elastics. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cleats are not rigid, so adjustable
continue to retain elastic as teeth changes its position
Low profile can be flattened if impinge on tongue.
In case of tongue thrusting one leg can be projected
Welding flange is thin and flexible no distort lingual surface of band
Disadv. occasionally irritates tongue, may distort by chewing force
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Cleat Lug
Made from heavier metal Placed lingually in gingival 1/3 of molar band Can bear good pressure Facilitate proper pushing of bands at their proper places
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Hooks for elastics lingual side can be placed vertically (free end extending gingivally) for cross elastics For applying elastics or e. thread for rotational movement.
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Seating lug hook Has flat or curved bases Can be used on lingual surfaces on all teeth Used for placement of elastics and for easy insertion and removal of band
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Lingual sheath This is used to put auxiliaries like expanders or TPA Internal diameter 0.036”
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By pass clamps Provide a simple means of loosely connecting an arch wire to buccal surface of bracket. Ordinarily used on bicuspids Permit vertical & rotational control during post. space closure Nor. not used in stage I Two levels of attachment are possible.
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C clamp
(Lyman Wagers , 1967 , JCO)
Provide a simple means of loosely connecting an arch wire to buccal surface of bracket. Ordinarily used on bicuspids Made from .018 wire. can be placed on bands prior to their cementation in the mouth.
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Placement of Attachment Brackets placement Height 4mm from incisal edge except l.i 3.5 mm M-D centre of tooth (on rotated tooth slight off centre – 1 mm closure to the proximal surface that is rotated towards lingual) www.indiandentalacademy.com
Brackets are placed on these heights ď Ź
Size of torquing auxiliaries for hygienic consideration
ď Ź
Mechanics permits generation of an adequate moment (intrusive force) for proper m/f ratio in achieving controlled tipping in first stage
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If distance is less ↑chances of occlusal interference and/or bracket displacement
If distance is ↑, diff. to maintain dental arch length and rotations because arch wire will be below the contact area between the teeth.
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Bracket placement on fractured teeth ď Ź
If deep # bracket may be placed inverted so that slot is still at 4 mm .
ď Ź
If shallow #it may be trimmed down and bracket is placed from that surface
If cupid to be used as lateral incisor tip may be reduced prior to bonding
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Lingual buttons & cleats positioned directly opp. To area of arch wire engagement To permit free m-d tipping & uprighting
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Buccal tubes From buccal mesial end of tube is in line with centre of mb cusp Mandibular tube should be placed as gingivally as possible to keep arch wire away from occlusal plane.
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Elastic hook positioned so that the elastic will pull from a point as near to the center of crown as possible
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Power arms Used for selective maxillary incisor intrusion to minimize gummy smile in cases of VME Deep bite cases where molar extrusion in bite opening is undesirable. To avoid canting of plane during Rx Reduce torque req. on incisors www.indiandentalacademy.com
0.017�x 0.025� or large size wire, 5-7 mm in length, Follow contour of alveolus. Soldered to band just above the molar tube.
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Auxiliaries Used in Begg’s technique It is indicated and possible with Begg tech. to employ multidirectional forces simultaneously for axial correction of teeth. The inherent design of attachments used in tech. allows for use of auxiliaries in conjunction with main arch wire. It is through the effective use of auxiliaries that the axial position of teeth are controlled. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Classification
Auxiliaries used in stage I -Rotation springs -Mollenhauer’s Aligning Auxiliary (MAA)
Auxiliaries used in stage II - Braking Auxiliaries Passive uprighting springs, Torquing Auxiliaries (2 spur,4 spur, reverse torque, reciprocal torque, MAA), T pins, Combinationwww.indiandentalacademy.com wires
-MAA -Rotation springs - Mini uprighting springs ď Ź
Auxiliaries used in stage III -Root tipping auxiliaries Mesiodistal uprighting springs Mini uprighting springs
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- Root torquing auxiliaries Two spur auxiliary Four spur auxiliary Pre-wound auxiliary Reciprocal torquing auxiliary Reverse torquing auxiliary Kitchton torquing auxiliary Universal torquing auxiliary Torque Bars www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rotation springs
Most efficient & versatile (no lig. attach. Req.) mean
0.014” & 0.016”
Vertical leg inserted in bracket slot from gingival side, holding activating arm perpand. to labial surface, 2 bends in vertical leg, hook the lever arm over arch wire
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Necessary to securely connect to arch wire hook pin for ant., bypass clamps for bicuspid tooth may go lingually
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Once tooth is rotated to desired position, ligated to adjacent tooth or archwire or pinned in arch wire.
Problems ď Ź
Should not be used more than 6 weeks (2 point contact) restrict free mesiodistal tipping
ď Ź
Exerts more lateral force on arch wire move the molar more readily than less powerful elastic thread ties
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Mollenhauer’s Aligning Auxiliary (MAA) In the classic Begg philosophy crown tipping & root movements- totally bifurcated, because Root
movement in early stages- loss of anchorage
Lingual
root tip of incisor – extrusion of incisor
and bite deepening
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MAA
attempts root control from the very
beginning without significantly affecting anchorage & intrusion This
is possible by using stiff base wire
(0.018” premium plus) & ultra light force from MAA (0.009” supreme). www.indiandentalacademy.com
Development of MAA Mollenhauer –rectangles made in 0.010 “ wire for reciprocal torque on adjacent incisors (SPECS) too heavy force In 1984, on request of Mollenhauer , A. J. Wilcock made 0.009” supreme wire Initially he used it similar to niti or co-axial wire.
Later boxed aux. named “ An Aligning auxiliary for ribbon arch bracket”. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Requirements of MAA Must
generate very light root moving forces
when
reciprocal torque is required with the adjacent rectangle must not diverge by more than 450
Auxiliary
should resist deformation (resilient supreme grade pulse straighten wire)
Base
wire should be able to resist vertical and transverse reactive forces from MAA www.indiandentalacademy.com
For lingual root torque Mollenhauer engaged MAA first & base arch wire piggy back
but rectangles lift away from the tooth surface. So, Thickest possible pins (ceramaflex) used. www.indiandentalacademy.com
ADVANTAGES OF MAA simultaneous of
intrusion and retraction of incisors
rapid bodily alignment of anterior teeth with
gentle forces Stable
results
Reciprocablility
of torquing forces on instanding
laterals or palatally placed canines. Periodontal
advantages – gingival dehiscences
associated with prolonged labial root torquing is eliminated
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Short
stage three Possibility of growing cortical bone at point A & point B.
Various applications of MAA bodily
alignment of crowded teeth
To
apply labial root torque on lower incisors in growing brachyfacial cases.
Can
also be used for labial root torque on upper incisors in class III cases. www.indiandentalacademy.com
ď Ź By
bending more +ve Torque as a braking mechanism
ď Ź For
tip)
controlling mesio-distal tipping (MAA
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Modification of MAA ď Ź With
available pins holding down the boxes for lingual root torque was difficult. So, torquing action of MAA is directly applied on gingival surface of teeth. For this base wire is engaged first and MAA is engaged piggy back.
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ď Ź When
reciprocal root torque is required on adjacent teeth the concerned box rides over the main arch wire with a cross over band and pressed against the incisor surface of the crown
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Braking auxiliaries – in minimum anchorage cases where extractions were performed there is need to prevent the anterior from over retracting. This can be done by Passive
uprighting springs
(made in 0.018” wire)
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Torquing
auxiliaries (2 spur, 4 spur, reciprocal
torquing aux., reverse torquing aux. MAA designed in 0.010” wire or 0.011” wire)
Combination
wires - SS or Alpha Titanium wire,
anterior segment is 0.022” x o.018” (ribbon mode) and posterior segment is 0.018” round.
Angulated
T pin www.indiandentalacademy.com
Root tipping auxiliaries the paralleling auxiliaries commonly termed as, uprighting springs used to perform MD root movements or to create resistance to crown movements. Generally speaking paralleling auxiliaries is a helical spring with a stem to engage the pin channel of bracket and an activating arm which attaches on arch wire. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Uprighting spring first introduced by Begg – 1961 original spring had a coil and a long lever arm
Principle Employs the principle of potential energy of the resilient arch wire. Energy is expended in flexing the lever arm to engage the arch wire. So energy is stored in coils . www.indiandentalacademy.com
During unloading force tends to produce a mechanical couple which has its end at the crown and apical position of root with centre of resistance disposed about 40 % along the root length from crest above. since crown is ligated root movement occurs
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Force system employed by Auxiliary. depends upon
Gauge of wire used
Resiliency of wire used
Size of helix
Number of coils in the spring
Direction of activation Construction 0.014” A. J. Wilcock wire 0.016” & 0.018 “ wire can be used
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Begg’s recommendations Tooth Maxillary and mandibular canine
gauge coils 0.016” or 0.018 2
Maxillary and mandibular 2nd premolar
0.016”
2
Maxillary laterals
0.014”
2
Mandibular laterals
0.014”
3
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To produce an effective force The helicals and arms of the spring should be in the same plane as to the long axis of the teeth and the arch. Incorrect positioning will rotate the teeth or tip the roots too far buccal or lingual. when utilizing root tipping springs its essential to ligate the base arch wire to slot (elongation) In extraction cases uprighting springs should be used on both teeth's adjacent to extraction sites. www.indiandentalacademy.com
ď Ź
with earlier the arms of springs employ at extraction sites overlap each other when hooked in position.
ď Ź
Recent shorter springs are self retaining and don't interfere with springs of adjacent teeth
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Spring pins developed by begg to overcome the difficulty of spring pressing against the arch wire causing it to move in occlusal direction leading to elongation of teeth. Compound uprighting spring lever arm is not engaged on arch wire. But arms of two springs are held together by a tube. No special advantage. Ease of placement. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Double spring pin & double uprighting spring Two springs made from same wire. More resilient. Produce less force due to presence of third coil. Also avoid proximal space opening which can be closed by activating the central loop. Can be used only on teeth which require the teeth to move in opposite directions.
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Mini uprighting springs mini (0.009” supreme) midi (0.010”– 0.012” supreme).
They differ from older springs in 1. the coil of spring is twice the size of wire, former springs which was four times 2. the stem of spring runs tangential to the coil older spring the stem was radial to he coil. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Activation is 100 % (stem and the active arm are in one line making angle of 180 degrees). Securing the springs
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Advantages 1. 2. 3. 4.
Light continuous force Much less taxation to anchorage Better aesthetics Ease in maintaining oral hygiene
0.010� for incisor teeth 0.012� for canines and premolars
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Torquing auxiliaries At the end of stage II anterior teeth will be tipped lingually & present a dished in appearance. The palatal movement of the upper central incisors roots combined with distal and palatal movement of maxillary lateral incisor roots is commonly referred to as root torque. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Four spur torquing auxiliary This was the original torquing mechanism used by Begg. Spurs rest against labial surface of upper central and lateral incisors bend in 0.016” main arch wire. This has been refined to four spur torquing auxiliary made of 0.014” 0r 0.016” wire or 0.012” premium plus pulse straightened wire www.indiandentalacademy.com
ď Ź
Construction
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Activation – using the light wire pliers auxiliary is formed into an arch smaller than anterior portion of patients dental arch with the spurs in nearly horizontal position(25º30ºfrom hori. plane) for 0.012” premium plus pulse straightened wire0º from hori. plane) increasing the lingual bands at the base of distal leg of each spur, placing a slight V bend or curve between the spurs. www.indiandentalacademy.com
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Cuspid curve In passive state the curvature will appear to drop below the level of arch wire when torque auxiliary is applied distal arms will rotated by supers will follow the curvature of main arch wire.
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Short force spur auxiliary does not engage cuspid bracket bend from 0.018� . torque force is comparable to 0.016� auxiliary that extends distal to cuspid brackets.
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Two spur torquing auxiliary If felt that only central incisors require torque the two spur auxiliary is used. Made in 0.014� or 0.016� wire
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Reciprocal torquing auxiliary used when central incisor root will have to be move lingually and lateral incisor roots labially often needed when laterals are bodily displaced lingually, prior to treatment. Made in 0.014� or 0.016� wire
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One to one reciprocal torquing auxiliary indicated when two adjacent teeth require root torque in opposite direction. Usually applied in lower anterior teeth.
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Reverse torquing auxiliary reverse root torquing auxiliary has the objective of repositioning the mandibular incisor roots and bringing them forward in a controlled manner Indications 1.
Bimaxillary proclination or class II div. 1
Almost all non-extraction cases 3. To increase the mandibular anchorage 2.
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To upright mandibular incisors in third stage two types are used Brandt type Udder type
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Brandt type Fabricated from 0.014 “ resilient wire. Easy to fabricate . Good activation control. Easy to maintain hygiene. Easily fitted incisally distal to each bracket. Activation should be moderate. Buccal arm either end distal to canine but passes through molar teeth
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Udder type 0.014 “ or 0.016 “. There is no bracket engagement except for canine. Difficult to activate for individual teeth. Difficult to maintain oral hygiene.
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Pre–wound torquing auxiliary (mouse trap type) Designed by Begg in 1955. Bending was originally hand done but now available commercially in graded size. Usually wound from 0.014 “ – 0.016 “ round wire about a 0.020 “ main arch wire. A small incisal offset or V in the midline of the main arch acts as reciprocating stop for auxiliary www.indiandentalacademy.com
activated by meeting the resistance of stop in the midline of arch wire. ď Ź
It is posssible to remove one or both torque base from lateral incisor as these teeth become adequately torqued without reducing the force on cental incisors.
ď Ź
When maxillary incisors needs their roots to be brought labially the lateral torque bars are overwound so that they fall in plane 90 degree to plane to central torque bar. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Advantages - Torquing arms has contact with tooth over a larger area - Easier to engage and can be prefabricated - Does not loose efficiency if distal torquing artm is cut off Disadvantages - difficult to fabricate - Single root torquing or reverse root torquing is impossible - Unilateral torquing is impossible www.indiandentalacademy.com
Kitchton Torquing Auxiliary (KITCHTON, 1967, JCO) Produce strong action should only be used in conjunction with a heavy archwire (.020 to .025 ) . Types the two-tooth auxiliary(0.016”) the four-tooth auxiliary.
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Individual Torquing Auxiliary
(A. J. O'MEARA JCO 1986)
lingual root torque for individual teeth. It is activated by extending terminal hooks over the arch wire. ď Ź Activation can be increased by shortening the hooks, or by displacing the outer arms lingually relative to the body of the spring. ď Ź
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Uprighting Torquing Auxiliary (A. J. O'MEARA JCO 1986) similar to a pin uprighting spring. provides root torque as well as uprighting. spring is engaged in the bracket above the main archwire. it is activated by extending the hook over the archwire. also helps lock the archwire in the bracket.
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Single root torquing Auxiliary (kesling) Useful for any tooth except molar Made from 0.012” premium plus wire
buccal
palatal www.indiandentalacademy.com
Universal Torquing Auxiliary (JACK PERLOW JCO 1973) can be used
on extraction and non-extraction cases;
on upper and lower teeth;
on centrals or laterals;
for labial or lingual torque.
on .020 round wire in a Begg technique
on edgewise wire on a Hawley retainer. ( .012 wire), since a heavier auxiliary will dislodge the retainer. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Reverse torquing aux. for controlling the roots of canines and premolars (Tan, JCO, 1987) Made from.014" wire in conjunction with an .018" or .020" main archwire, effective to perform an extensive labial canine root movement to produce a canine eminence. For palatally impacted canines which require labial root torque.
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Buccal root torque on molars during third stage if molar crown rolled buccally roots need torque 0.014’ wire, boot design, twisted lingually & toe in
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Torque Bars New concept of torque. Eliminates torque spurs. Dramatically improves appearance and oral hygiene. Formed from resilient 0.025 x 0.19 “ NiTi with 30 degree lingual torque angle which provide gentle continuous forces during stage III. Placed gingival to main arch wire. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Retained with hook pins or spring pins. Main arch wire should be modified by slightly constricting the anterior segment between cuspids by placing a mild bite opening bend distal to cuspid bracket.
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Safety Bar
To prevent inadvertent labiolingual torquing of roots of lower ant. Teeth (0.196” x 0.026” rectangular wire) Prevents Mesial spring pin pressure on crowns of cuspids, laterals and centrals from causing the roots of adj. teeth to be move lab-lin.
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Conclusion the light wire technique is considered unique among orthodontic treatment techniques in that the success with it depends on the employment of correct amount of tooth moving forces throughout its three stages. We have a variety of tools to choose from and it is important that we employ the right ones to achieve the goals of structural balance , aesthetic harmony and functional efficiency. www.indiandentalacademy.com
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