Kidney Location:
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INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com
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“What is man but an ingenious machine designed to turn with ‘infinite artfulness’, the red wine of shiraz into urine” …! Isak Denison
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Kidney damage is the major cause of Morbidity and Mortality in patients with Diabetes, Hypertension, Atherosclerosis etc. (no 1 cause of death in the present time)
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Introduction: 150gm each 1700 liters of blood filtered 180 L of Gfiltrate 1.5 l of urine / day. 150gm, retro-peritoneal organ Renal Artery & Vein One half of kidney is sufficient – reserve Filtration, Excretion, Secretion, Hormone synthesis.
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Kidney Anatomy:
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Nephron Structure:
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Kidney Histology:
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Kidney Histology:
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Diseases of Kidney: Glomerulonephritis Glomerular
diseases Destruction of glomeruli by immune or infections. Acute tubular necrosis Tubular diseases Necrosis of tubules by toxins or infections. Pyelonephritis Interstitial disease Infections Nephrosclerosis Vascular diseases –– thickening of blood vessels Hypertension leading to microwww.indiandentalacademy.com infarctions.
Clinical Syndromes: Nephritic syndrome. – Oliguria, Haematuria, Proteinuria, Oedema.
Nephrotic syndrome. – Gross proteinuria, hyperlipidemia,
Acute renal failure – Oliguria, loss of Kidney function - within
weeks
Chronic renal failure. – Over months and years - Uremia www.indiandentalacademy.com
Immune Glomerulonephritis: C.Immune Complex
ANTI-GBM
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HEYMANN
Glomerulonephritis: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Immune mechanisms – Most common Toxins - poisoning Metabolic – acidosis, hemolysis, etc. Activation of complement system destruction of glomerular structure Inflammation Affect renal function – excess filtration or decreased filtration. (with RBC & WBC) www.indiandentalacademy.com
•Normal
•Proliferative •Post strepto www.indiandentalacademy.com
Mesangiocapillary GN: (MPGN)
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Chronic Glomerulonephritis:
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Urolithiasis:
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Urolithiasis:
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Urolithiasis Hydronephrosis:
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Urine Microscopy : Cells Casts Crystals. Crystals Casts are formed within nephron. Casts Suggest Kidney pathology. Casts can be made up of Protein, lipid, cells or mixed. Crystals suggest high concentration or altered solubility.
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Formation of Casts:
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Granular Cast:
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RBC Casts:
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Epithelial Casts in Urine:
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Granular Casts in Urine:
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WBC Cast Urine:
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RBC in Urine :
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WBC in Urine :
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Urine Oxalate Crystals:
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Mixed Cast Urine:
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www.indiandentalacademy.com Leader in continuing dental education
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