Immune Disorders
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INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com
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“You can't fly a kite unless you go against the wind and have a weight to keep it from turning somersaults. The same with man. No man will succeed unless he is ready to face and overcome difficulties and is prepared to assume responsibilities� -- William J. H. Boetcker
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Introduction: • Humoral Immunity – B lymphocytes - Antibody
• Cell mediated Immunity – T lymphocytes – Macrophages
• Non-Specific immunity – Neutrophils, Macrophages www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction: • • • • •
Immunity is not inherited. Antigen / Antibody Active / Passive immunity. Vaccine, Toxoid, Live/Killed Primary response – slow, weak. – Learning period, memory cells.
• Secondary response – rapid, strong www.indiandentalacademy.com
Immune Disorders: • Immunodeficiency disorders – AIDS, antibody deficiency
• Hypersensitivity Disorders (allergy) – Type-I (IgE), II-IgG, IIIImmunecomplex, IV-Cell mediated.
• Autoimmune disorders – SLE, Rhematoid, Rheumatic fever. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rheumatic fever: • • •
Autoimmune disorder. Group A, streptococcal pharyngitis. Antibody cross react with connective tissue in - susceptible individuals* • 2-3 weeks – Autoimmune reaction. • Inflammation - T lymphocytes, macrophages. • Heart, skin, brain & joints. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Morphology: • Acute Rheumatic Fever – – – – – –
Acute Inflammatory Phase Heart – Pancarditis Skin – Erythema Marginatum CNS – Sydenham Chorea Migratory polyarthritis
• Chronic Rheumatic Fever – Deforming fibrotic valvular disease.
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Acute Rheumatic vegetations:
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Acute Rheumatic vegetations:
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Fish mouth Mitral stenosis:
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What is Asthma? • • • • • • •
Hypersensitivity – Allergy , Type I of airways of lungs - Bronchi Allergens – in the air, mast cell - IgE ab. Inflammation of airways – Bronchitis. Genetic, Environmental, Race, Age. High in industrial cities 4-19%, Fiji < 1% Increasing incidence …! www.indiandentalacademy.com
Pathogenesis - Atopic Asthma:
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Asthma Mechanism: • Allergy • Inflammation Of Bronchi • Obstruction • Mucous Plugs
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INFLAMMATION
INDUCERS Allergens,pollutants
Airway Hyperresponsiveness Genetic*
Airflow Limitation
TRIGGERS Exercise Cold Air, diseases, www.indiandentalacademy.com
Epidemiology/pathology
Normal
Asthma
Barnes PJ
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Lung in Asthma with Mucous plugs
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Mucous plug in asthma:
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Asthma Microscopic Pathology Obstructed Inflammed Bronchi
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Asthma - Bronchial morphology • • • •
inflammation Eosinophils Gland hyperplasia Mucous plug in lumen • Hypertrophy of muscle layer
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Summary: • • • • • • • •
Not inherited…! Learns self – then Foreign. Immune system – Humoral, Cell Med, Non-sp Antigen & Antibody – Complement/phagocyt. Primary & Secondary Response (slow/rapid) Acitve & Passive immunity Vaccine/Toxoid/Live/Killed/antisera. Immunodeficiency/Hypersensitivity/Autoimm Allergy,Asthma, Rheumatic fever, SLE, AIDS www.indiandentalacademy.com
"If you tell the truth, you have infinite power supporting you; but if not, you have infinite power against youâ&#x20AC;Ś.!" --Charles Gordon
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www.indiandentalacademy.com Leader in continuing dental education
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