India perspectives sinhalese jan feb 2016 by Indian Diplomacy

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30 jk fj¿u n ksl=;=j 1 n ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

ndndiySí Nsïrd´ wïfnoald¾g Wmydrhla

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bkaÈhdkq c,;, l%Svd Wf,< 2016

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bkaÈhd o¾Yk

30 jk fj¿u n ksl; = j = 1 n ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

ixialdrl( úldia iajrema iydh ixialdrl( ksÅf,aIa älais;a úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh ldur wxl 152, ta - wka;h, Ydia;%S Njka kj È,a,sh, 110001 bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( 91'11'23388949, 23381719 *elaia( 91'11'23384663 fjí wvúh( http://www.indiandiplomacy.in Tnf.a m%;spdr $ úuiSï i|yd( osdpd2@mea.gov.in uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u m%ldYl yd m%Odk fufyhqï ks,OdÍ( úldia fcdydß m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍ yd l<uKdldr wOHlaI( m%ldIa fcdydß úOdhl ixialdrl( fi!rí gkaLd m%Odk ld¾hd,h uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u tall wxl Ô-0-ta, ìï uy," MIRA ixia:dms; ldur fldgia wxl 1 yd 2" BYaj¾ k.¾" u;=rd mdr" kj È,a,sh" 110065" bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111, Fax: +91.11.43011199 CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 Tnf.a m%;spdr $ úuiSï i|yd( indiaperspectives@maxposure.in úuiSï | MMGIPL i`oyd ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111 *elaia( +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

bkaÈhd o¾Yk wrdì" nydid bkaÿkSishd" bx.%Sis" m%xY" c¾uka" yskaÈ" b;d,shdkq" meIafgda" m¾ishka" mD;=.Sis" reishdkq" isxy," iamd[a[" fou< iy Ök NdIdj,ska m%ldYkh flf¾' bkaÈhd o¾Yk úldia iajrema, iu f,alï ^tlaiamS& iy ks, m%ldYl, úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh (MEA), ldur wxl 152 “ta” l=¿K, Ydia;%S Njka, kj È,a,sh -110001 f.a m%ldYkhla jk w;r úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh fjkqfjka m%ldYkh lrkq ,nkafka uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .Dma bkaähd m%hsfjÜ ,sñgâ, (MMGIPL) tall wxl Ô-´-ta, ìï uy,, tïwhswd¾ta ixia:dmk ldur, fldgia wxl 1 yd 2, BYaj¾ k.¾, u:qrd mdr, kj È,a,sh - 110065, bkaÈhdj - úisks¡ bkaÈhd o¾Yk jirlg 6 jrla m%ldYhg m;a fõ¡ ish¿u ysñlï weúßKs¡ fuys m<jk ,sms” ie,iqï yd $ fyda PdhdrEm bkaÈhd o¾Yk ys wkque;sh we;sj Ndú;d l< fyda kej; ks¾udKh l< yelsh¡ MEA yd MMGIPL, úfYaI b,a,Sula fkdue;sj imhk ,o ksIamdok, w;a msgm;a, PdhdrEm, ie,iqï úksúoNdjh yd fjk;a oE j,g isÿjk ydks fyda mdvq ms<sn|j j.lshkq fkd,efí¡ iÕrdj ;=, we;s woyia w;HjYHfhkau MEA fyda MMGIPL ys woyia fkdjk nj i,lkak¡ tkak wm yd( http://www.facebook.com/MEA http://www.twitter.com/MEA http://www.youtube.com/MEA —bkaÈhd o¾Yk˜ msgm;a i|yd wdikak;u bka§h ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h wu;kak¡

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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yjq,aldÍ;ajh

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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jHdmdr rdfcHdamdh

yd uqïndhsj, jHjidhl;aj ;r flfrk mshjrla fjkq we;' fid,sy,aj, we;s c.=j¾ ,Ekaâ frdaj¾ ^fÊt,awd¾& wx.kh fj; fudaä uy;d l< ixpdrh u.ska kj wd¾Ól Yla;s m%Njhla ixfla;d;aul jkafka" th tlai;a rdcOdksh ;=< bka§h iud.ula úiska lrk ,o úYd,;u wdfhdackh ùu yd tlai;a rdcOdksfha úYd,;u mqoa.,sl wxYfha fiajHhd ùu fya;=fjks' jd‚cuh .súiqï ;=< iag¾,sx mjqï ì,shk 3'2 l jákdlï iys; msßisÿ n,Yla;s meflach yd taldnoaO m¾fhaIK jevigyk wvq ldnka j¾Okhla fj; ixl%uKh ùfï fm<Uùu i|yd iyh ùfï ì%;dkH N=ñldj biau;= lrhs'

fï ksid w.%dud;H fudaäf.a ixpdrh bkaÈhdkq tlai;a rcOdks iïnkaO;d wÈhr 2'0 fj; msúiqula iksgqyka lrk w;r tu.ska im%d‚l jQ wd¾Ól in|;d jvd W;a;=x. jQ Wml%ñl yd f.da,Sh iïnkaO;d yd uqyqfjkq we;' jHdmdr fõÈldj ;=< fjdvdf*dakays iag¾,sx mjqï ì,shk 1'3l wdfhdackho we;=¿j iag¾,sx mjqï ì,shk 9'2 la olajd jk mqoa.,sl wxYfha wdfhdack m%udKhla ,nd.kakd ,§' fuu.ska rlaIK ixialD;sl iïnkaO;djh fiajh" uQ,H" fi!LHdrlaIK yd n,Yla;s ixialD;sh" jHxck yd pdhs hkd§ lafIa;% we;=¿j nyqúO wxYhka ;=< w.%dud;H fudaäf.a ixpdrh bkaÈhd - t'rd' ì%;dkH iud.ïj, odhl;ajh yjq,aldß;ajh ms<sn| ó,Õ jeäjkq we;' fjdvdf*daka mshjr úoyd olajk w;r fuu bkaÈhdj ;=< u.ska lrkq ,nk iag¾,sx mjqï iïnkaO;djh-f,dj m%Odk;u úYd,;u Ô ì,shk 1'3l wdfhdackh b;d yjq,ldß;ajhla njg m;afõ' 20 wdfhdaclhd jeo.;a jkafka tu.ska ì%;dkH Wml%ñl yd wd¾Ól lafIa;% jkafka tlai;a jHdmdßl m%N+ me,eka;sh ;=< ;=< m%;sM, oelSug hï l,la rdcOdksh jk bkaÈhdfõ l;dkaorh fjkia .; jkq we;s w;r kj woyia w;r tys iuqÉÑ; lsÍug wjia:dj ,efnk neúks' yd ks¾udKYS,s;ajh iu. wdfhdackh wdfhdack u.ska cd, mq¿,a iïnkaO;djh Tma kxjkq iag¾,ska mjqï lsÍu" W;afYa‚.; lsÍu" kj we;af;a mqoa., in|;d yd ì,shk 22 ls ;dlaIKh yd o;a; uOHia:dk ixialD;sl in|;d u.sks' ia:dms; lsÍu isÿfjkq we;' ì%;dkH ;=< isák ñ,shk bkaÈhdfõ úYd,;u Ô - 20 wdfhdaclhd 1'7 l Yla;su;a bka§h m%cdj fï i|yd jkqfha tlai;a rdcOdksh jk w;r iag¾,sx md,ula jkq we;' fjïí,s l%Svdx.kh ;=< mjqï ì,shk 22la jk th bkaÈhdj ;=< meje;ajQ wdl¾YŒh mQcd W;aijhg meñ‚ hqfrdamd ix.ufha taldnoaO wdfhdackhg;a ì%;dkH w.%dud;Hjrhd wkdjels olajd jvd jeäh' bkaÈhdj ;=< f;jk úYd,;u isáfha ì%;dkH - bkaÈhdkqfjla ì%;dkHfha Rcq úfoaY wdfhdack uQ,dY%h jkqfha tlai;a w.%dud;H jk Èkh jeä wE;l fkdjk rdcOdksh jk w;r tlai;a rdcOdksh ;=< njhs' bka§h kdhlhdg ijka §ug yd f;jk úYd,;u Rcq úfoaY wdfhdackhkaf.a cd;Ska oajfhys ixialD;sl in|;dj ieuÍug uQ,dY%h jkafka bkaÈhdjhs' ÿïßh ud¾. meñ‚ 60"000 la muK jQ bkaÈhdkqfjda th há;, myiqlï i|yd ,kavka fldgia bms,S hk m%S;sfhka wid isáfhdah' ì%;dkH fjf<|fmd, ;=< oelaùug remsh,a ne÷ïlr md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< fudaä uy;d l< l;dfõÈ ksl=;a lsÍug .kakd ,o ;SrKh ,kavka bka§h yd ì%;dkH ck;djf.a msìfoñka

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jfï( ,kavkfha fjïí,s l%Svdx.kfha§ w.%dud;H fudaä uy;d bka§h m%cdj wu;ñka¦ my<( w.%dud;Hjrhd fif,ys,ays c.=j¾ ,ekaâ frdaj¾ ^fÊwd¾t,a& ksIamdok tallh krUhs

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by< isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg( ,kavkfha fjïí,s l%Svdx.kfha§ fudaä uy;d ms<s.ekSug me;s ixialD;sl jevigyk¦ bka§h w.%dud;H jrhd fjïí,s l%Svd.kfha§ bka§hhka iu.¦ t'rd' ;=< bka§h ldka;djka ^whst,ahQ& lKavdhula úiska fudaäs uy;dg talsh;ajh yd nyqúO;dj ms<sn| m‚jqvh /.;a j¾Kj;a fl%dia í,ekalÜgqjla ms<s.kajñka

tk ixialD;sl in|;djh ms<sn|j i|yka uy;aud .dkaêf.a ms<srejg w.%dud;H fudaä lr isáfhah' ;jÿrg;a Tjqka ì%;dkHhkao mqfcdamydr oelaùu yd wdpd¾h Nsïrdfjda bkaÈhdkqjkao nj lsu wiSre jk ,laIK wïfíoald¾ iaudrlh újD; lsÍu ;=<ska fndfyduhla ;sfhkjd' bkaÈhdfõ foYmd,k yd iudc WodyrKhla f,i c.=j¾ fyda úuqla;sh ms<sn| .uk ;=< ì%;dkH iafldÜ,kaâ hdâ" nDlafndkaâ iïnkaO;djh biau;= flf¾' bka§h tlai;a f;a fyda uf.a ñ;=re keiS.sh fjïí,s l%Svdx.kfhaÈ rdcOdks .=,dï kka idñjrhdf.a jHxckh fudaä uy;d l< l;dj ;=< iïnkaO;d oelaúh yelshs"— fudaä mejiSh' fÊïiafndkaâ" nDDlafndkaâ Yla;su;a fjñka 2017 jif¾È bkaÈhdj yd yd rems fndkaâ hkdÈ jQ forg kj Èidjlg ì%;dkHh w;r we;s .eUqre w;r iïnkaO;d j¾Okh lrk .uka lrhs ixialD;sl ne¢ï yd bkaÈhdfõ iqúfYaI jQ ixialD;sl yd jHdmdr 70 fjks ixj;airh ieuÍug iïnkaO;d ms<sn|j fufkys t'rd'- bka§h ixialD;sl jirla ixúOdkh lf<ah' forg w;r yqjudre flreKq jákdlï lrk njg w.%dud;Hjreka fookd m%ldY ;=< mj;sk nyqúO jQ in|;djh yd ke.S tk lsÍuo jeo.;a lreKla úh' ì%;dkH wNs,dIhka wkd.; f.da,Sh lekajih ;=< md¾,sfïka;=jg msg;ska w¨‍;ska ;kd we;s ukrï jQ rEm f.dvkxjkq we;'

uksIapdkaoahkqbkaÈhdj ,shhscd,fha ^www.indiawrites.org& cd;Hka;rlghq;=, ke.Stkn,fõ. Ydbka§hl;dj u; flakaøjQúoHq;aiÕrdfõm%Odkixialdrljrhdh

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bkaÿ-wm%sld ne£ï j, kj bÈß

j<¨‍ is;shï.; lrñka bkaÿ - wm%sldkq ixio iïfï,kfha f;jeks ixialrKh wm%sldkq uydoaùmh iu. bkaÈhdfõ ixj¾Ok yjq,aldß;ajfha igyka jQ j¾Okh ÿgqjdh joka | udksIa pdkaoa

ì,shk follg jeä ck;djlf.a yjq,aldß;ajfhka hq;a b;sydi iy tlg ne£ we;s isysk iaurKh lrñka" bkaÿ wm%sldkq ixio iuq¿fõ ;=kajeks ixialrKh —weoys,af,a Y=oaO ix.dhkd— iy is;a jiÕ lrk nyqudOH ld¾hidOkh iu.ska f,dalfha ke.S tk O%ej folla w;r iïnkaO;dj,g kj Ôjhla foñka kj È,a,sfha § wdrïN úh' yjq,aldß;aj wkd.;hl —tla .eiaula" tla ßoauhla iy tla oelaula— f,i ixlaIsma; lrñka" nyq úO YlH;d iu. WfoHda.hla we;s lrñka fla,fnda.a wm%sldkq .S;h iu. tlg uqiq flreKq ffjÈl iÊCOdhkd flre‚' úúO wxYj,ska ;=kajk ixio iuq¿j wkkH jk w;r th m<uq j;djg ish¨‍u rgj,a 54 f¾ kdhlhka iy ksfhdað;hka bkaÈhdfõ § tl ;eklg f.fk tk ,§' Tlaf;dan¾ 26-29 iuq¿j" rdcH$wdKavq kdhlhka 41 fofkl=f.ka ieÿï .ks;a§" bkaÈhdkq j¾Ok l;dka;rh wm%sldkq 2063 kHdhm;%h iu. ikays¢hd lrñka wfkHdkH mqk¾Ôjkfha —.;sl iy mßj¾;kSh kHdhm;%h— la wkdjrKh ú‚' w.%dud;H fudaä ue;s;=ud iuq¿jg imeñ‚ wm%sldkq kdhlhska ish¨‍ fok iu.u mdfya oaùmd¾Yaúl yuqùïj, kshef,kq ;=kajk ixio

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iuq¿j w;r § oel .kakg ,enq‚' oekqï md,ula lsÍug bkaÈhdfõ iy wm%sldfõ fmdÿ .uk f.dv ke.Su iy ck;d ck;d iïnkaO;dj Èß il%ShlrKh lrk yjq,a lr .kakd woyia .ekaùu b,lal lr .;a jeo.;a uQ,drïN /ila j, Yla;su;a wkqjdohla iy {d;s;aj isysk Bg fmrd;=j t<sng w;r tajd ixialdrlf.a wjOdrKh lf<ah' —wo udkjhdf.a ;=fkka ixioh iy wOHdmkfõ§kaf.a ixioh ;=<ska foll isysk tla mshiaila hgg tlaù we;' wo ms<sìUq úh' wm%sldj iu. fuu ;shqKq we;=<; ì,shk 1'25 la jk bkaÈhdkqjkaf.a yo .eiau uKav, kshe,Su" t<öug kshñ; ld,fha§ h<s iy ì,shk 1'25 la jk wm%sldkqjkaf.a yo .eiau ke.S isák uydoaùmh iu. m%Odk tlu ßoauhla njg m;aj we;"—Tyq iy iudk yjq,alrejl= ùfï kdhlhka wu;d mejiSh' —wm bkaÈhdkq wNs,dIh ix{d lrñka" iuDoaêu;a" taldnoaê; iy tlai;a Tlaf;dan¾ 26-29 wd¾Ól" ixj¾Ok iy Wmdh ud¾.sl wm%sldjla ms<sn| Tnf.a oelau iuq¿j wfkHdkH hk wxY we;=¿j" uQ,sl lafIa;%j, fjkqfjka wmf.a iyfhda.fha mqk¾Ôjkfha bkaÿ wm%sld yjq,aldß;ajh uÜgu by<g kxjkq we;"— Tyq —.;sl iy W;afY%a‚.; lsÍug jk bkaÈhdkq wjOdrKh lf<ah' mßj¾;kSh rcfha wjfndaOd;aul ie,iqu kHdhm;%h— la wjOdrKh lrk ,§' jeäÈhqKq l< ixj¾Ok wkdjrKh l<dh

yjq,aldß;ajh

wka;¾iïnkaê; isysk iuq¿j mQ¾K;ajhg m;ajk wjia:dfõ Tyqf.a l;dfõ§" w.%dud;H fudaä ue;s;=ud tlsfkldf.a j¾Ok l;dka;rfha yjq,alrejka fjñka úldYkh jk f.da,Sh ks¾udKlrKh m%;sú,di.; lsÍug iy kj wjia:d ks¾udKh

iuq¿j" Odß;d f.dvke.Su" wdOdr uQ,Hh iy udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh hk ;%s;ajh jgd uqLH lrk" uydoaùmh iu. bkaÈhdkq ijx¾Ok yjq,aldß;ajfha igyka jQ jeäÈhqKq ùula ÿgqjdh' w.%dud;H fudaä ue;s;=ud" fvd,¾ ñ,shk 100 l bkaÿ wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok wruqo,

bkaÈhd ckm;s wdpd¾h m%kdma uqL¾ð ksfhdað; lKavdhfï kdhlhka iy wm%sldkq cd;Skaf.a l,;%hka iu. kj È,a,sfha 3 jk bkaÿ wm%sld ixio iuq¿fõ §

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iy fvd,¾ ñ,shk 10 l bkaÿ wm%sldkq fi!LH wruqo,la we;=¿ fvd,¾ ñ,shk 600 l m%odk iyfhda.hg w;sf¾lj" fvd,¾ ì,shk 10 l Kh iykdOdrhla wm%sldj fj; ksfõokh lf<ah' t<fUk mia j¾Ifha§ ^2020 olajd& l%shd;aul lsÍug kshñ; jHdmD;s i|yd uq¿ uQ,H m%;s{dj miq.sh iuq¿ jdr fol mqrd bkaÈhdj úiska m%odkh lrk ,o Kh iykdOdr m%udKhHka fo.=Khlg;a jvd jeäh' uQ,H m%odkfha úi¾ck úia;rh Kh iykdOdrh bkaÿ wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok wruqof,ka iy m<uq jrg lem lrk ,o fi!LH wruqof,ka fjka lrk kj wÉpq wdlD;shla fhdackd lrk w;r wm%sldj ;=< fmdÿ fi!LH há;, myiqlï wdOdrlrKh i|yd jk iSud i,l=Kq lrkq ,nhs' fvd,¾ ñ,shk 100 l uqo,la mqyqKq wdh;k msysgqùu iy bkaÿ wm%sldkq ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;dfõ m%o¾YkSh jHdmD;s i|yd Ndú; flfrkq we;s w;r wm%sldkq ix.uh iu. tk jif¾§

uqÿfka( ;=kajk bkaÿ wm%sld ixio iuq¿fõ wud;H uÜgfï yuqfõ§¦ by<( iudrïNl ieish

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

Èh;a lsÍug kshñ; l%shdldÍ ie,iqula wkqj wjidkhla flfrkq we;'

;reK md,u f.dvke.Su iuq¿j" wm%sldfõ iy bkaÈhdfõ jvd;au msú;=re iïm; ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd kj udj;a újD; l<dh - fkd;ld yeßh fkdyels ;reK ck.yKh" wjqreÿ 23-35 w;r jhia ldKavhg we;=<;a jk .yKfhka ishhg 60 lg jeä m%udKh' w.%dud;H fudaä ue;s;=ud" wm%sldfõ ckúldY fnÿu ;=,kh lsÍfï § thg iyh ms‚i bkaÈhdfõ miqfkdnisk lemùu wjOdrKh lf<ah' fuh t<fUk mia j¾Ifha§ wm%sldkqjka i|yd YSIH;aj 50000 lg jeä .KKlska fo.=K lsÍug jeäfhka ms<sìUq lrk ,§' tfukau" bkaÈhdj" iuia; wm%sldkq B- cd,h" j¾;udkfha wm%sldkq rgj,a 48 la iukaú; jk ¥r-ffjoH iy ¥r-wOHdmk ioyd jk äðg,a iïnkaOk jHdmD;sh ks¾jpkh lrk moh" úoeySug o ;SrKh l<dh'

wd¾Ól ne£ï( oKav tieùu ;=kajk ixio iuq¿j" l,dmSh iy f.da,Sh iemhqï odu" há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh iy l,dmSh taldnoaO;djh úIhfhys wm%sldfõ

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taldnoaO;djh b,lal lsÍu u.ska bkaÿ ms<sn| m%;s{d l<dh' lDIsl¾uh m%Odk b,lal wm%sldkq wd¾Ól yjq,aldß;ajfhys úIhh m:h lafIa;%hla f,i y÷kdf.k we;s neúka" úYd,kh l<dh' wm%sldkq l¾udka; l,dmfha wm%sldkq kdhlhka úiska bkaÈhdkq m%ùkhkaf.a l=i,;d ixj¾Ok tall msysgqùug bkaÈhdkq iy ;dlaIKfha úYd, ld¾h Ndrhla i|yd jHdmdr Èßu;a lsÍu u.ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= m< fjoa§" rfÜ fmdÿ fm!oa.,sl yjq,aldß;ajh wdydr l¾udka;h mqnqÿjd ,Sfï m%j¾Okh lsÍu lemùu" m%;sm;a;s úi,a mrud¾:h iu.ska wm%sldfõ bkaÈhdj" iuia; iïmdolhkag bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól yß; úma,jhla Èßu;a lsÍfï wm%sldkq B- cd,h" kshe,Su wm%sldj ;=< yqfolau kshe,S isáfhah' äðg,a iïnkaOk ,dN bmehSu iy kj fj<|m, jHdmD;sh wdl%uKh lsÍug jvd w.h tla ks,a úma,jh ks¾jpkh lrk lsÍu iy mqyqKqj u; b,lal bkaÈhdfõ iy wm%sldfõ iduqøSh moh" úoeySug o lsÍug wjYH lr we;s mßÈ" wdrlaIdj iy kdjql w.hhka ;SrKh l<dh úfYaIfhkau ie,lsh hq;= fõ' f.a j¾Okh jk m%uqL lreKq iuq¿j" tfukau wm%sldj ;=< ueoafoa" ;=kajk ixio iuq¿j há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okfha§ ish N+ñldfõ w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä ue;s;=ud úiska mßudKh by< kexùug jk ;u wNs,dIh —ks,aúma,jh˜ f,i ye¢kajQ ks,a wd¾Ólhl ms<sno ix{djlao l<dh' kjÈ,a,sh wm%sldj ;=< noaO ixj¾Okh i|yd ;dlaI‚l ie,iqula há;, myiqlï ixj¾Ok jev igyk lrd is;shï .; l<dh' 2015 È,a,s m%ldYkh ks,a m%d.aOk ú;eka lsÍï jeäÈhqKq lsÍug lemùu wd¾Ólh ixj¾Okh ioyd jQ úia;rd;aul

bkaÿ wm%sld ixio iuq¿fõ fcHIag ks,OdÍkaf.a yuqfõ iuQy PdhdrEmhla

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ie,iqula j.=.; l< w;r thg wkS;sl iy Wmdh ud¾.sl yjq,aldß;ajh kshdukfhka f;dr u;aiH ovhug tfrysj W;afY%a‚.; lsÍu igka lsÍu" iduqøsl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh" ;=kajk ixio iuq¿fõ m%Odk ,o hq;a;" iduqøSh fkdjk iïm;a .fõIKh" c,úoHd bkaÈhdkq ks,OdÍka lshk mßÈ" ;%ia;jdoh" iólaIK meje;aùu" mßir ixpdrl l¾udka;h fld,a,lEu" ud¾..; wdrlaIdj" m%j¾Okh lsÍu" mqk¾ckkSh foaY.=‚l fjkialï" ;sridr n,Yla;s ixj¾Okh" kùk fmr ixj¾Okh" f,dal fj<o ;=kajk ixio oekqï§fï fuj,ï ud¾.fhka ixúOdk flafj,aflÍï" iy iuq¿j ks,a wdmod wjodkï wju lsÍu" ¥IK tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl wd¾Ólhl noaO md,kh iy wfkl=;a fjr< yd uKav, m%;sixialrK we;=¿" ixj¾Okh iduqøSh wOHhk we;=<;a úh' — yria lemqï m%Yakj, mka;shla i|yd ;dlaI‚l wmf.a iuDoaêfha jeo.;a wkd.; u; wdrlaIdldÍ iyfhda.s;dj ie,iqula is;shï Odjlhla jkq we;s ks,a wd¾Ólfha ioyd jvd;a wjfndaOd;aul .; l<dh ;sridr ixj¾Okh ioyd wm rduqjHqyhla i|yd fmrg iyfhda.s;d.; jkq we;' ug kï" hdula úh' uydoaùmh ;=< wm msßiqÿ ixj¾Okhl udj; fndfldayrdï" fu.arí ;=< w,a lhsvd iy w,a Tiafia .uka lrñka isá neúka" wmf.a ks,a iydí jeks ikakoaO lKavdhïj, ke.sàfï wyi iy ks,a c, ;,h kej; Èkd .ekSfï miqnEug tfrysj" bkaÈhdj iy wm%sldj fuu úYd,;u ks,a úma,jhl fldgihs"— fudaä lKavdhïj, l%shdldrlï ms<snoj j¾Okh jQ ue;s;=ud mejiSh' nqoaêuh yjq,aldß;ajh ud¾.fhka m%;s ;%ia;jd§

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iyfhda.s;dj by< kexùug mshjr .;af;dah' bkaÈhdj wka;¾cd;sl ;%ia;jdoh ms<sno wjfndaOd;aul iïuq;sh tlai;a cd;Ska úiska ms<s.ekSu wfmalaId l< w;r fndfyda wm%sldkq kdhlhka Bg tlÕ fjñka iyh m< lf<ah' bÈßh foi n,ñka" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl uKav,fha úoeySu fõ.j;a lsÍu ms<sn|j bkaÈhdfõ iy wm%sldfõ talu;sl;ajh wjOdrKh l< w;r m%;sixialD; tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl uKav,hla ;=< ks;H wiqka i|yd bkaÈhdj iy wm%sldj tlsfkldg iyfhda.h m< lrñka isà' —wms tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uyd uKav,fha 69$560 ;SrKh läkï l%shd;aul lsÍula i|yd wjOdrKh lr w;r tneúka tlai;a cd;Skaf.a —wdrlaIl uKav, m%;sixialrK kHdhm;%h— u; mq¿,a m%;sM, w;alr .eku i|y ;SrKd;aul ;,a¨‍jla iemhSug bka mq¿jk— È,a,s m%ldYkh mjihs'

bÈß .uka u.( tia - 3 uka;%h ;=kajk ixio iuq¿j" tuksid" ;=ka —tia— uka;%h ( l=i,;dj" mßudKh iy fõ.h¦ u; jeä ,l=Kq ;nd we;' fõ.h u; b,lal lsÍu uyd m%ldYk iy ia:djr ld,h u; ne¢ l%shdud¾.h tlÕ jQ jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu ¨‍yqne£ug talnoaO wëlaIK hdka;%Khla ilia lsÍu u.ska iy woyia iy l%shdud¾. w;r ysoeila fkdue;s nj ;yjqre lsÍu u.ska ms<sìUq flß‚' iudf,dapk hdka;%Kfha wdlD;s B<Õ jif¾ úu¾Yk yuqfõ § mQ¾K;ajhg m;a flfrkq we;s w;r thska ;=kajk ixio iuq¿fõ kHdhm;%h l%shd;ul lsÍug l%shdldÍ ie,eiau wjidkhla lrkq we;' iuq¿j bkaÿ wm%sld yjq,aldß;ajfha l=¿Kq ;=k - fj<|du" ;dlaIKh iy mqyqKqj ke; n,d;aul lsÍu;a Èß .ekaùu;a l<

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úúO ixialD;sl jev igyka ;=kajk ixio iuq¿j wkqiaurŒh w;aoelSula njg m;a lf<ah

w;r 21 jk ishjfia u,aM, oeóu flf¾ uOH.; jk ol=Kq ol=Kq idu.%Shfha wÉpq wdlD;sh kej; m%dKj;a lr we;' —wm%sldkq bkaÿ idu.%Sh úldYkh ù we;af;a wêrdcHjdoh iy cd;s u; fjkialï lsÍu uq,skqmqgd oeóu iy N+foaYmd,ksl" ixialD;sl" wOHdmksl" ;dlaI‚l iy wd¾Ól ixrpl we;=<;a iy idl,Hjd§ jk ol=Kq ol=Kq iyfhda.s;dfõ uQ¾;sh njg m;aùu u;h"— ol=Kq wm%sldkq ckdêm;s fÊlí iQud ue;s;=ud mejiSh' ;=kajk ixio iuq¿j l,dm foflys ;reK iy ks¾udKd;aul m%cdj iu. nef`oKq we;s ;fjda;amdokh" jHjidhsl ixialD;shla m%j¾Okh iy äðg,a wd¾Ólh ioyd kj ie,iqï o wNsckkh lrk ,§' oßø;dj" widlaIdr;dj iy l=i.skakg tfrysj igka lsÍfï isg m%cd;dka;%sl f.da,Sh .Dyks¾udKhla ú,di lsÍu olajd iy yß; iy ;sridr ixj¾Okh m%j¾Okh lsÍu olajd" bÈß ud¾.h wNsfhda. ueÈka jeà ;sfnkq we;s w;r tajdfha iuqÉÑ; {dkh iu. jev lsÍfuka" bkaÈhdj iy wm%sldj Èkqu ,nkq we;sjd muKla fkdj udkj úuqla;sfha iy iduQysl n,.ekaùfï kj mßÉfþohla kj ,shú,a,l igyka lrkq we;s o fõ' —wo" wms tlaj .uka lsÍug m%;s{d lrkafkuq" wmf.a mshjr ßoauhl ;nd wmf.a y~ tluq;=fjys ;nd lrkq we;' fuh kj .ukla fyda kj mgka .ekaula fkdfõ' kuq;a fuh úYsIag wkd.;hl ft;sydisl iïnkaO;djhla ioyd jk kj fmdfrdkaÿjla fõ"— fudaä ue;s;=ud mejiSh'

udksIa pdkaoa bkaÈhdj ,shhs cd,fha m%Odk ixialdrl jrhdh” www.indiawrites.org” bkaÈhdkq l;dj iy wka;¾cd;sl lghq;= b,lal lr.;a oajdrhla iy B-c¾k,hla fõ

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wdpd¾h NSïrdfjda wïfíoald¾f.a

Ôú;h iy hq. hq. l;d

iudc m%;sixialdrljrfhl=" udkj whs;sjdislï ms<sn| lD;yia;fhl= iy mSä; ck;djf.a ñÿïlrefjl= jQ" wdpd¾h wïfíoald¾ ;u Ôú; ld,h kùk bkaÈhdfõ iudc iú[a[dKh wjÈ lsÍug lemlf<ah joka | kf¾kaø cdOõ

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Ndr;a r;ak wdpd¾h NSïrdfjda rdïÔ wïfíoald¾" Tyqf.a wkq.dñlhka úiska úiska ndndiySí wïfíoald¾ f,i f.!rjfhka y÷kajkq ,nhs" ksiel jYfhkau bkaÈhd ud;djf.a jvd;au úÑ;% pß;j;a mq;=ka w;ßka flfkls' Tyq 1920 uq,a yßfha§ iudc foaYmd,ksl lr<sh lrd msúfik w;r ì%;dkH md,kfha wjidk oYlj, bkaÈhdfõ iudc" ixialD;sl" wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,ksl mßj¾;kh flf¾ ;SrKd;aul N+ñldjla bgq lf<ah' 1947 § bkaÈhdj ì%;dkH md,kfhka ksoyi ,enQ miqj" ksoyia bkaÈhdj fjkqjka wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ks¾udKh lsÍfï j.lSu wïfíoald¾ yg mejß‚' wïfíoald¾ ;udf.a Ôú; ld,h kùk bkaÈhdfõ iudc iú[a[dKh wjÈ lsÍfï ld¾hh fjkqfjka lem l<" úYsIag iudc m%;sixialdrljrfhls" udkj whs;sjdislï ms<sno ks¾NS; Y+rfhls" mSä; ck;djf.a ñÿïlrefjls' wïfíoald¾f.a Ôú;h ùr l;dka;rhls( l=,ySk fld,af,l= f,i bmso" <udúfha isg

;reK úh olajd .uka uf.a yeu mshjrl§u .¾ydjg md;%j" f,dal uÜgfï úYajúoHd, .Kklska Wiiau iu jvd;au lS¾;sOr Wmdê w;alr .ekSug uq¿ukskau wkdjiaÓl wmQ¾j lrd .uka l< wfhls( ta Wmdê w;r¦ weußld tlai;a ckmofha fld<ïìhd iriúfhka ,;a Ydia;%m;s iy wdpd¾h Wmdê" ,kavka wd¾Ól úoHd úoHd,fhka úoHd wdpd¾h Wmdêh iy ,kavka iriúfhka kS;sfõ§ Wmdêh" o fõ' Tyq fmr<d bkaÈhdjg meñK" ;u Ôú;h" l=, fNaofhka Èfjk merks ms<sfj, úkdY lsÍug" whqla;sh

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wo bkaÈhdkqjd fjkia Ñka;kjdo follska md,kh fõ' tajdfha foaYmd,k úoHd Ñka;kh wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ mQ¾úldfõ ilid bÈßm;a lr we;s mßÈ Ôú;fha ksoyi" iudkd;au;dj iy ifydaor;ajh m%;s{d lrhs' Tjqkaf.a wd.u ;=< ldjoaod we;s tajdfha iudc Ñka;kh Tjqkaj m%;slafIam lrhs' wdpd¾h NSïrdfjda wïfíoald¾

iy udkj whs;sjdislï m%;slafIam lsÍu W¨‍mamd .e,jqïlrejd f,iska jkaokd lrk ùrhdg olajkakg" lem lf<ah' mjq,a miqìfuka fyda kuialdrh msßkeóug lghq;= lrhs' 2012 foaYmd,k mrïmrdjlska iyhla fkd,en" kuq;a wf.daia;=fõ §" rEmjdyskS kd,sld lsysmhla ;u wNsm%dhdkqidÍ ksrfmalaI wêIaGdkh iy u.ska uQ,drïN lrk ,o úoHq;a ukdm úuiSul§ ÿn,lï lvd fy, oDV jev" Wmß ffO¾hh iy —.dkaêg miqj úYsIag;u bkaÈhdkqjd— f,i mrd¾:ldó lemlsÍu u.ska" Tyq ;s;a; foaYmd,k fkd;ld y< fkdyels jeä ukdm ixLHdjlska úreoaOjd§;ajh wNsnjd" l=, úfYaISlrKfha iïudkhg md;% lsÍu o mqÿuhg lreKla fkdfõ' úkdYuqLh kid" ksoyia bkaÈhdfõ wdKavql%u fï idOl wNsuj q wdf,dalfhka" wïfíoald¾ jHjia:dfõ m%Odk ks¾udmlhd ùug mdr l=,ySkhkaf.a fyda od,s;j a rekaf.a kdhlfhl= f,i lmd .;af;ah' Tyq bka wk;=rej bkaÈhdfjys ú.%y lsÍu nrm;, widOdrKhla jk w;r th jvd;a iudkd;au iudchla ia:dmkh lsÍug ksn|ju;a j.lsjhq;= md¾Yajhka w;sk; q a isÿ fõ' ixialrK l%shdud¾.j, wdrlaIdj f.dv ke.Su wïfíoald¾ ir,ju l=,ySkhkaf.a kdhlfhl= i|yd bÈßhg .sh w;r ñ,shk .Kkla mSä; fkdfõ" bkaÈhdfõ mSä; ck;djf.a kdhlfhl= ck;dj fj; iudc hqla;sh odhdo muKla jkjd mjd fkdfõ' Tyq lsÍug yelshdj Wmhd f.k" cd;sl kdhlfhl= úh" Tyqf.a wdpd¾h tkhska iudc iudkd;au;djfha mdKaä;ajh" Tyqf.a nyqck jHdmdr wïfíoald¾ iy ;d¾lSlrKjd§ kj hq.hla iy rch iy msg; ìïj, Tyqf.a mQkd .súiqfuka lrd bkaÈhdjg ¥; ld¾hhla N+ñldj meyeÈ,sju Tyq úYajikSh l=,ySkhka ioyd bgq lrkakg jrï ,eîh' fï ms<f s j,l iajfoaYdkqrd.sfhl= jQ nj wdik úYd, l%shdj,sfha§" bka§h ckrcfha fmkajd fohs' .Kkla ;yjqre ks¾NS; ;Srlfhl= f,i muKla Tyqf.a jvd;au wjia:d nyq, lrk ,§ fkdj kuq;a kùk bkaÈhdfõ yDo Ôú; ld,h ;=<" bkaÈhdkq idlaIsfha uq,a fufhyqïlrefjl= wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ m%Odk f,i o ke.S isáñka bÈß fm<g meñ‚fhah' ks¾udml kS;s rplhd jkjd yefrkakg" rgmqrd we;s wdpdrh wïfíoald¾f.a ms<srE" úoHd¾Ófhl=" wOHdmk{fhl=" udOH fõÈfhl= ks,a we÷ï lÜg,hlska iy r;= .eg máhlska f,i" ;=,kd;aul wd.ñl miqìu ms<sn| ksrka;rfhka ieris" we;a; jYfhkau" bkaÈhdfõ wêldßjrfhl= f,i" m%;sm;a;s iïmdoljrfhl= wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ksfhdackh lrk" fmd;la iy mßmd,ljrfhl= f,i" iy md¾,sfïka;= w; hg r|jd isák ;rndre ñksiflq f,i yqjd iNslfhl= f,i lemS fmfkk odhl;aj oelaùh' olajhs' tjeks ms<srE" bkaÈhdfõ iEu ;eklu" rdcH ks,Odßfhl= iy nyqck kdhlfhl= ùu .ïudk fyda k.rj," fmdÿfõ ukaikaê wi, fkdi,ld yer" wïfíoald¾ yeuúgu m%;sj¾;kSh oelsh yelsh' iEu j¾Ihl§u" foieïn¾ 6 Ñka;lfhl= f,i iy mKaä; úoHd¾Ófhl= jk ^wïfíoald¾f.a Èjx.;h ieureu& Èk" f,i isákq olakg ,enq‚' tyq w;sYh M,odhS wïfíoald¾jd§ka ñ,shk follg wdikak f,aLlfhl= o úh' iuyr úg fjk;a lsishï ;rula uqïndhs ys ffp;H N+ñ ys /iaj Tjqkaf.a ck kdhlfhl= Tyq l< ;rug ljr f,ilska

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.+.,a fijqï m%jk;d wdpd¾h wïfíoald¾f.a wld,sl jeo.;alu iy ckm%shNdjh ms<sìUq lrk w;r uy;aud .dkaê iy cjy¾,d,a fkare fofokg miqj jvd;au fijqug md;% ft;sydisl bkaÈhdkq fm!reI;ajh nj fmkajd fohs' bkaÈhdj ;=< fijqï ukdmh iïnkaO ldrKfha §" ndndiySí ms<sn| úuiqï i|yd wdkaød m%foaYa" W;a;¾ m%foaYa" uydrdIag%" È,a,s" mqvqfpß" .=crd;a" W;a;¾ldkaoa" yßhdkd" rdcia:dka iy l¾Kdgl fj;ska tk fijqï ukdm ie,lsh hq;= ;rñka jeä jkakg ù we;

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wdpd¾h wïfíoald¾ i;=j lshùu iy f,aLkh fjkqfjka reÑhla úh' Tyq foaYmd,k úoHdfõ isg nqÿoyu olajd;a" l=, l%ufha isg ,sx.sl úfYaIKh olajd;a mrdihla .kakd meyeÈ,s lsÍu iqlr fkdjk ud¾;Dld .Kkdjla iu. ne¢ fmd;a .kkdjla rpkd lr we;' Tyqf.a m%Odk f,aLk we;eula l=,ySkhka iy wiamDYH;d ks¾Kdhlh" nqÿka jykafia iy ld,a udlaia" Y=ø jQfha ljqrekao@" yskaÿ o¾Ykh iy ;j;a fndfyda oE ms<sn| rpkd fõ' Tyq" Tyqf.a kj;u fmdf;a jev lrñka isáh§ 1956 foieïn¾ 6 jk od ñh .sfhah" th Tyqf.a ur‚ka miq m%ldYkh flreK w;r nqÿrcdKka jykafia iy Wkajykafia f.a O¾uh ms<sn|j ,sheù ;sìK'

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wd.u m%Odk jYfhkau uQ,O¾óh ldrKhla muKla úh hq;=h' th Í;s ms<sn| ldrKhla úh fkdyelsh' th Í;s njg fmrf<ñka msßfyk fydfydf;a §" ienE wd.ñl l%shdjl idrhla jk j.lSu urd ouk neúka th wd.u f,i mej;Su wjidkh olS' wdpd¾h NSïrdfjda wïfíoald¾

j;a wdikak jk úi,a ixLHdjl rpkd lr iy wjidk jYfhka wd.u ms<sn| - ue.akï ke;sjd úh yelsh' ksrfmalaI mßudj mQ¾K ´mqia - nqÿka jykafia iy Wkajykafiaf.a ld,Sk úoHd¾Ófhl= flfrys mjd uú;h we;s O¾uh" lD;s fï .Khg wh;a fõ' lrhs( iïmQ¾K l< iy m%ldYs; fmd;a iy tfukau wïfíoald¾ foaYk úYd, .Kkla ;ks úIhh fmd;a 22 la iy úúO wÈhrj, lr we; - foaYk 537 la" ixlaIsma;fhka" mq¿,a wiïmQ¾Kj w;ayer ouk ,o fmd;a 10 la" úIhh mrdihl iy úúO l,dmSh" cd;sl iy m¾fhaIK m;%sld 10 la" úúO foi;s mqj;am;aj, wka;¾cd;sl ixioj, lr we;' úIhh w;r" urd;s niska l< ,sms yereKq fldg ,sms iy tu foaYk" iudc" wd¾Ól iy wd.ñl m%Yak fmd;a iudf,dapk rdYshla ta w;r fjhs' w,,d tajd kS;shg iy wdKavql%u jHjia:djg wïfíoald¾f.a lD;sj, mrdih o w;sYhska iïnkaO jk wdldrh" foaYmd,k úoHd;aul úiañ;h' foaYmdk úoHdj ms<sn|( me;a; yer" fõ' ixioj,g mdlsia;dkh fyda bkaÈhdj fn§u we;=<;a jkafka" fndïfí m<d;a ^1940&" .dkaê iy fldka.%ih jHjia:dodhl iNdj" ^iy miqj& uOHu rch l=,ySkhkag lf<a fudkjdo fndïfí jHjia:dodhl m¾Ioh" wdpd¾h ^1945& jeks Ydia;%Sh ksnkaOk¦ m%;srdchdf.a úOdhl iNdfõ wïfíoald¾f.a iuQykhg tfrysj ksoyi ^1939&" lïlre lghq;= idudðlfhl= WmkaÈkh rdkdfoa" .dkaê iy ðkakd ^1943&" f,i N+ñldfõ § ,kavka kqjr cd;sl nkaOq;aj m%dka; iy iq¿;rh ^1947&" iy ì%;dkH rch úiska i;alr Ndõ$iïrdia; NdIduh m%dka; ms<sn| is;=ú,s lrk ,o jg fïi iïfï,k" Èjdia f,i ^1955& jeks iïNdjH lD;s we;=¿ uOHu jHjia:dodhl m¾Ioh ieuÍug ie,iqï fmd;a iy úIhhsl fmd;a 11 la¦ ^ksoyia bkaÈhdfõ m<uq kS;s lrñka isà wd¾Ól úoHdj ms<sn| ux kshdul wud;Hjrhd f,i&" Ydia;%Sh ksnkaOk folla wdKavql%u jHjia:d ì%;dkH bkaÈhdj ;=< m<d;a uq,Hh úldYkh m¾Ioh ^iNdm;s" bka§h wdKavql%u ^1917& iy remshf,a .eg¨‍j( tys iïNjh iy jHjia:d flgqïm;alrK lñgqj& úi÷u ^1925&¦ iudc úoHdj ms<sn| - l=, l=uh iy md¾,sfïka;=j ^rdcH iNdfõ >d;kh lsÍu ^1936& kï wld,sl odhl;ajh úmlaI uka;%Sjrfhl= f,i& iy bkaÈhdfõ l=,( tajdfha Wmam;a;sh" fõ' w;sf¾lSj" wïfíoald¾ Tyq hdka;%Kh iy ixj¾Okh ^1918& ms<sn| jeo.;a úiska wkq.%yh oelajQ iudc yd rpkhla¦ udkj iudc úoHdj ms<sn| - mq¾j foaYmd,ksl jHdmdrfha jvd;au l%shdldÍ Ydia;%Sh ksnkaOk folla - Y=ø jQfha lemS fmkqKq kdhlhd f,i ljqrekao ^1946& iy l=,ySkhka( Tjqka ljqreka úYd, ixLHdjla m%isoaO foaYk ùo iy Tjqka wiamDYHhka jQfha ukao ^1948& mj;ajd we;'

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úYaf,aIKd;aul

ie,iqïlre

meyeÈ,s iy ia:djr wd¾Ól o¾Ykjdohlska meje; tk wd¾Ól úoHd{fhl= f,i wdpd¾h NSïrdfjda wïfíoald¾f.a odhl;ajh joka | kf¾kaø cdOõ

wdpd¾h NSïrdfjda wïfíoald¾f.a bka§h Tyqf.a mßY%u ksid Tyq lïlre kdhlfhl= wd¾Óluh woyia úúO;ajhlskao hq;= nj o f,i f.!rjhg md;% úh' wïfíoald¾f.a kdkdm%ldr jk njo ms<sn|j ielhla fkdue;' ;shqKq úYaf,aIKh l=, fíoh iy yskl=, i;HjYfhkau .;a l<" th ixl,amh jeks bkaÈhdfõ we;s udk lsysmhlska ieÈhls' Tyqf.a iudchsh jHdëkaf.a wd¾Óluh úoaj;a odhl;ajh úoyd olajk udkh ms<sn| lrk ,o ;shqKq wdpd¾h l,ays" kef.kysr bkaÈhdkq iud. úYaf,aIK Tyqj wd¾Ólh iy wïfíoald¾ fï mßmd,kh iy uq,Hhka o" iudc úoHdj iïñY%Kh lsÍu ld¾ñl Y%uh ì%;dkH bkaÈhdfõ m%dfoaYSh uq,H iïnkaOfhka iqúfYaIS ia:dkhl fjkqfjka md,kfha mßKdukh jeks foa ;nk ,o w;ru" bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól .;a jHdhduh rdcH uQ,Hh hg;g jefgk w;r ixj¾Ok l%fudamdh ms<sn| Tyqf.a Tyq lïlre remshf,a .eg¿j( tys uQ,drïNh iy úo.aO jQ úYaf,aIKh Tyq bka§h kdhlfhl= f,i úi¾ckh hkak uq,Huh wd¾Ólh ie,iqïlrKh yd iïnkaOfhka y÷kajkq ,eîug iy wka;¾cd;sl uq,Hh lafIa;%h úfYaI{fhl= lsÍug iu;a úh' fya;=úh hgf;a j¾.SlrKh l< yel' fldaá iy uy¾ j;ka moaO;sh wj,x.= wïfíoald¾f.a Ydia;%Sh lsÍfuys ,d Tyqf.a N+ñldj ksid jHjydßl odhl;ajfha flakaøia:dk lDIsld¾ñl wd¾Ól úoHd{fhl= f,i Tyq 1792-1858 ld,iSudj ;=< kef.kysr bkaÈhdkq iqÿiqlï ,enQ w;r" ld¾ñl Y%ñlhka fjkqfjka iud.fï mßmd,kh iy uq,Hh fjkia lï

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

ixj¾Okh ioyd jeh lrk uqo, mokï lrf.k rgl uQ,Hh ;SrKh l< hq;= nj wdpd¾h wïfíoald¾ úYajdi lf<ah

j, ft;sydisl iudf,dapkhla imhkakdjQ Tyq ;jÿrg;a fmkajdfokafka 1858 kef.kysr kef.kysr bkaÈhdkq iud.fï mßmd,kh iy bkaÈhdkq iud.u wj,x.= lsÍu;a iuÕ bkaÈhdkq uq,Hh kï Tyqf.a m%:u .%ka:h i;H jYfhkau Kh kue;s Bkshd nr lkaordj —^kef.kysr flakaø ù we;af;a ì%;dkHhka úiska bkaÈhdkqjka bkaÈhdkq& iud.fï l%shdmámdáh .ek y~la widOdrKhg ,la lr we;s wdldrh kexùug wfmdfydi;a oßø;djfhka úoyd oelaùuh' ñßl=Kq iajfoaYslhkaf.a msg u; wd¾Ól úoHd{fhl= fmdÿ jev ^tkï ÿïßh ud¾." megjqKq˜ njhs' wïfíoald¾ ;u f,i wdpd¾h uydud¾." we, ud¾. hkdÈh& jeks úYaf,aIKh wjika lrkafka — wïfíoald¾f.a ixj¾Ok úhoï mokï lrf.k tx.,ka;h fj; bkaÈhdfjka odhl;ajh meyeÈ,s rgl uq,Hh iïnkaOfhka úpdrh ,enqKq odhl;ajfha úYd,;ajh iy iaÓridr l< hq;= nj wïfíoald¾ úYajdi tx.,ka;fhka bkaÈhdjg ,enqKq wd¾Óluh lrhs' 1834-48 w;r;=r" kef. odhl;ajfha Y=kH Ndjh ;rïu o¾Ykjdohlska kysr bkaÈhdkq iud.u bkaÈhdj wdYap¾h ckl fõ˜ hhs mjiñks' mekkef.hs mqrdjg ish¨‍u uyck lghq;= by; i|yka lrk ,o .%ka:fha i|yd jehlr we;s uqo,g;a jvd m%ldYkh jQ msä; mka;sh flfrys uqo,la tx.,ka;fha tl k.rhla muKla jk wïfíoald¾f.a wjOdkh" ì%;dkH bkaÈhdfõ uekafpiag¾ fjkqjka jeh lr we;s nj ie,ls,a,g m%dfoaYSh uq,H md,kfha mßKdukh kï tu n÷ka lrñka Tyq ì%;dkHhka úiska bkaÈhdkqjka .%ka:fha fojk fldgfiys jvd fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s fj; lr we;s wOu ix.%y ú,dYh fmkajdfohs' ù ;sì‚' 1833 isg 1921 olajd ì%;dkH bkaÈhdfõ

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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Wmydrh

uOHdKavq uq,Huh iïnkaO;djj, mßKdukh iïnkaOfhka th È.yefrk w;r" tys iajrh" kej;;a" i;H jYfhka .;al, wruqKq ù ;sfnkafka ydksodhl nÿ ^WodyrKhla f,i" bvï" ¨‍Kq iy pdß;%& j,ska o M,odhs;djhlska f;dr iy w;sYh kdia;sldÍ úhoï ^WodyrKhla f,i wOHdmkh fyda uyck lghq;= i|yd t;rï jeh fkdlr hqfrdamShhkaf.a yuqod /lshd fjkqfjka& j,ska o fudkjg meyeÈ,s jQ fodaI iy.; *sial,a moaO;sh f.kyer mEugh' miqld,Skj" wïfíoald¾ ;u úYsIaG;u lD;sh" tkï 1800 isg 1921 ld, isudj ;=< bkaÈhdkq remshf,a mßKduh ms,sn| kshdulhd fj; ,nd § we;s wNsu;h úplaIKYS,s ft;sydisl úYaf,aIKhla f.k tk remshf,a .eg¿j kï jQ lD;sh rpkd lrk kshdukh lrk kshdulfhl=f.a wjYH;djh Tyq wjOdrKh lf<ah' Tyqg wkqj" —rka úg" Tyqf.a úYaf,aIKfha § flakaøia:dkh yqjudre iïu;h˜ tjeks lsisÿ wdrlaIKhla jQfhao ;jÿrg;a idudkH ck;dju úh' fuh ,nd fkdfok w;r" tu ksid tu.ska wkjYH bkaÈhdj i|yd uq,Huh iïu;h f;dard.ekSu f,i øjYS,;djhhla ckkh lrñka iudchSh iïnkaO Tyqf.a úo.aO jQ úYaf,aIKh ;=<ska wd¾Ól ia:djr;ajhg ndOd we;s fuh meyeÈ,s fõ' lr ÿmam;=ka fj; úYd,;u fcdaka fïkd¾â flakaia jeks ydkshla ,Õd lrfok mßÈ iqm%isoaO wd¾Ól úoHd{hka uqof,a .eg¨‍j WoaOukhg W,amkaoka §ula úh iy fjk;a wh úiska wêjoka kï fmdf;a yels h' § we;s mßÈ tjlg uqLHdOdr wïfíoald¾f.a oelau jqfha bkaÈhdjg WÑ;u úYaf,aIKfhys wïfíoald¾ f.a nyqck uq,Huh iïu;h jkafka —rka flakaøia:dkh ixp,kfha m%isoaO yqjudre iïu;h˜ njhs' Tjqkag jqfha idudkH lafIa;% wkqj" —rka yqjudre iïu;h˜ ñksidh wïfíoald¾f.a fldaá moaO;shg hgf;a ks¾udKh jk wd¾Ól tfrys jHdhduh msáir no øjYs,s;djh wd¾Ólh ;=< rka oßøhka f .ka w;s úYd, fldÜgdYhla w;Hka; wvx.= ùu fyda fkdùu ksid iïndOkh jQ wd¾Ól iQ r d lEulg ,la ùfuka j<ld fkdjk w;r" rfgys wkd.; ixj¾Okh .ka k d ,§' uy¾ j;ka j,g tfrysj Tyqf.a Wfoid tys m%;sM,hla f,i ,efnk fuyhqï id¾:l Woa f >da I Kh ms á ir ms ä; mka;sfha j, kuHYS,s;djh iqÿiq jk nj úYajdi úYd, fldÜGdihla w;;H m% f õ‚ odi flfrk ,§' wïfíoald¾ —rka yqjudre Ndjfhka uq o jd yeßfha h ' Khg fokakkaf.a iïu;h˜ ksid ,efnk kïhYS,;djh wkqu; l% s h dldrlï j,g wod< flgq ï m; wruqKq lrk kuqÿ th ñY% jQ M, we;s wdYs¾jdohla lr.ka k d ,oa f oa È<s k a o ka iy w{dkhka yg njg ;¾l lf<ah' uqo,a j¾.h ksl=;a lrk

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

fldÜ jrekag tfrysj Woaf>daIKhla f.k .sfhah' f,daludkH ;s,la iajrdÊ ixl,amh wjOdrKh l< w;r wïfíoald¾ th iq-rdÊ tlla lrùug igka lf<ah' th Tjqka w;r ;snq wdl,am j, fjkihs' ld¾ñl fmruqK .;a l," tjlg mej;s jD;a;Sh iñ;s jevlrk ck;djf.a whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka igka lrk njla fmkqko Tjqka iïmq¾Kfhkau ukqIHhka f,i ySkl=,fha lïlrejkaf.a whs;sjdislï bka§h wdKavql%uh f.dvke.Sug kj È,a,sfha ljqkais, mqia;ld,fha ;snQ wdKavql%u jHjia:d /iaùfï§ w.ue;s mKaä;a cjy¾,d,a fkare iïnkaOfhka WodiSk nj wïfnoald¾g jegys‚' uqLHdOdr fldñhqksiaÜ jd§ lïlre jHdmD;s j,ska —iajdêk˜ lïlre mlaIhla 1936 § wïfíoald¾ msysgqjd,sh' i;H jYfhkau .;a l," wïfíoald¾ úiska msysgqjd ,k ,o ydkslr jQ wksis l%shdl,dm j<lajd,Su h' iajdêk lïlre mlaIfha m%;sm;a;sh ;ju;a msä; mka;sh flfrys wïfíoald¾f.a bkaÈhdfõ msä; iy wd;;shg ,lajQjkaf.a ohdj fyd¢kau meyeÈ,s lr.; yelafla Tyq .eg¿ j, wkkH iy úfYaIs; m%ldYkhls' yd Bg m%:u isá f,daludkH nd,a .x.do¾ th bkamiq bkaÈhdfõ we;sjqKq fldgia 20 ;s,la jeks iuyrla cd;sl kdhlhska w;r wd¾Ól jevigyk we;=¿ È<s÷lu msgqoelSfï ixikaokd;aulj ne,Sfuks' 1903 § ì%;dkH jevigyka j,g u. fmkajkakla rch bvï ysñhka jQ fldÜ ù we;' jreka f.a whs;Ska lmamdÿ wd¾Ól úoHd{fhl= f,i lsÍfï wruq‚ka wod< mk;g f,daludkH Tyq f.a odhl;ajfha úfYaI w;=re fhdackdjla f.k taug ;s,la iajrdÊ ,la IKh jkafka l=, moaO;sh iy W;aidy lf<ah" ;s,la thg ixl,amh yS k l=, ixl,amh jeks iudcuh ;rfha úreoaO úh' ñka m%:u" wjOdrKh l< jHdê j, wd¾Óluh udkh ms<sno 1899 jif¾§ ì%;dkH rch w;r wïfíoald¾ Tyq f .a úplaIK jQ úYaf,aIKhhs' fldÜ jrekaf.a n,;, j,g th iq-rdÊ tlla wd¾Ólfha ld,h yd ne÷kq tfrysj hdu werUQ úg ;u lrùug igka uq , O¾u" WodyrKhla f,i Y%uh Èkm;d mqj;am; jQ flaiß ys lf<ah fn§ hdu" mokï lrf.k l=, wjqiajd,k iq¿ ,sms ud,djla m< moaO;sh idOdrŒlrKh lrk lrñka ì%;dkHhkag tfrysj úg" wïfíoald¾ ;u l=, moaO;sh w;=.d oeóu fldÜ jreka fj; iydh ,ndÿkafka o ;s,la .%ka:fhka W.% úfõpkhla f.k wdfõh' h' fldÜ mjq,lu Wm; ,;a ;s,la fldÜ p;=¾j¾Kh ;=< tínù we;s Y%u úldYkh jrekaf.a whs;Ska iq/lSug ì%;dkHhkag —ish leue;af;ka jk fohla fkdjk" ;u tfrysj igka l< o fldÜ jreka úiska msáir ck;dj iqrd lEu ms<sn| y~la ke.Sug ksiÕ olaI;djhka u; mokï fkdjQ˜ fohla nj o ;jo —f;dard .ekSula u; mokï jQ wjYH nj Tyq fkdis;Sh' ta yd ii|k l," fn§ula fkdjkakls' tl tlla mqoa.,hdf.a wïfíoald¾ msáirno È<skaoka uqojd .ekSug

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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Wmydrh

jfï isg ol=Kg( bkaÈhdfõ wdKavql%u jHjia:d /iaùfï m%:u ieisfha§ ke.S tk kdhlhka¦ mKaä;a cjy¾,d,a fkare bka§h wdKavql%u jHjia:dj w;aika lrñka¦ wdpd¾h rdfÊkaø m%idoa 1950 wf.daia;= 10 Èk§ bka§h wdKavql%u jHjia:dj w;aika lsÍu

wNsm%dhhkag" iajleue;a;g tys lsisÿ bvla mßÈ mqoa.,fhl=f.a Odß;djh j¾Okh lsÍu ke;' th ffojh .ek we;s u;h u; mokï iudchla f,i iy ;ks mqoa., ld¾hlaIu;djh jqjls˜ hhs wïfíoald¾ fláfhka m%ldY lr i|yd wjYH fõ' fuu uq,O¾uh" mqyqKq ,;a isáfhah' uy,a .Kkdjla ;sfnk ;rmamq uq,sl Odß;dj u; fkdj foujqmshkag iudc fm<j,a fkdue;s l=¿Klg Tyq bka§h iudc uÜgu u; mokïj l,skau l%shdldrlï mgjd jHQyh iei¢h' fuu moaO;sfha" wïfíoald¾ ,Sug W;aidy .kakd fuu l=, moaO;sh úiska ;¾l lf<a ;uka Wm; ,nk lv flfrhs˜ hkqfjks' uyf,au hful= ñh hdhq;= njo wïfnoald¾g wkqj" bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól j¾Ok hkakhs' wïfíoald¾ wjOdrKh wd¾Ól j¾Okh iy ixj¾Okh l%shdj,sh lr isáfha l=, moaO;sfhka woyia fj; l=, moaO;sh ndOd muqKqjd i|yd ksrka;r jkafka —lïlrejkaf.a m%fNao we;' Y%uh muKla fkdj m%d.aOk iudchShtllg tlla Wäka f.dv .id ixp,khg l=, moaO;sh wjysr wd¾Óluh rgd we;s OQrj,shla˜ jk nj o" — lrk w;r tu.ska ksIamdok j, fjkia lï YsIaG iudchg ksielfhkau Y%u l%shdj,s j, wld¾hlaIu;d fnda wjYH fõ úNdckhla wjYHh" kuq;a th lrjd,ñka wd¾Ól j¾Okh wvd, lsisÿ YsIaG iudchl Y%u úNdckh lrjhs' wd¾Ól j¾Ok l%shdj,sh lïlrejka oDV jQ l=á j,g ysr i|yd ksrka;r iudc wd¾Óluh lrk fufia widudkH Y%u úNdckh fkdjk rgd j, fjkia lï wjYH fõ' l=, moaO;sh" nj o˜ Tyq ;¾l lf<ah' wfkla w;g .;a l<" idïm%odhsl iudc l=, moaO;sh fj; wïfíoald¾f.a m%ydrh wd¾Óluh rgdj wLKavj f.k hdug Wmfoia by< hhs iïu; l=, j, wdêm;Hhg wNsfhda. fok w;r" tu ksid th wd¾Óluh ixj¾Okhg lsÍug muKla wruqKq fkdjQ w;r Bg jvd ydks odhl fõ' mq¿,a jQ wd¾Ól j¾Ok iy ixj¾Okhuh wïfíoald¾" ;u rdcHh iy iq¿;rh wre;lao mej;s‚' kï lD;sfha" bka§h wd¾Óluh ixj¾Okh wïfíoald¾ ;¾l lf<a l=, moaO;sh Y%u i|yd l%fudamdhla f.k oelaùh' —iEu ud¾. fiau m%d.aOk ixp,kh wvq lrk njhs' Tyq hlau mqoa.,sl lafIa;%h fj; jid fkdoud mejiqfõ" —;u ;ukaf.a /lshdj ;uka úiskau by<;u M,odhS;djhla fj; ,Õd úh yels f;dard .ekSug lsÍugo YlH;djh ,nd fok f,i ñksiqkaf.a wd¾Óluh Èúh ie,iqï

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

lsÍugo idOdrK f,i Okh fn§ hdug j<lajd,Su njhs' wd¾Ól m%cd;ka;%jdofha ie,iSu o rcfha j.lSula˜ nj fuu wruqK f,i Tyq woyia oelajQfha rdcH l%fudamdfhka oelaùh' m%;sm;a;sfha kS;suh m%;sm;a;s f,i ye¢kafjk kS;s ;rejla f,i bka§h wdKavqC%u wdKavqC%u jHjia:dj mdol lr .ksñks' jHjia:dj iïmdokh lrk w;r;=ro bka§h wd¾Ól woyia j, mßKduh iy wïfíoald¾ ;=< isá wd¾Ól úoHd{hd bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól .eg¿ i,ld ne,Su fj; iïmq¾Kfhkau wjÈ ù isáfhah' wïfíoald¾f.a odhl;ajhg Tyq ;rfhau m%cd;ka;%jdoh — mdol jQ wd¾Ól o¾Ykjdoh oeka wïfíoald¾ ukqIH iïnkaO;d yiqrejk fudkjg meyeÈ,s ù we;' fuu wd¾Ól uq,O¾uh˜ f,i frluodre l< o¾Yk jdoh Tyqf.au jdlHhlska o¾Ykjdoh kuqÿ" m%cd;ka;%jdofha m%Odk w,a,d .; yel( nyqck ys;dh" ksoyi" m%;sIaGd jk iudkd;au;djh" nyqck iqLdh' wïfíoald¾f.a iudkd;au;djh ksoyi iy m%cdj hkdÈfha wd¾Ól o¾Ykjdoh iudchSh" iy ifydaor;ajh uq,O¾u foaYmd,kuh whs;Ska wd.ñl iy iodpdrd;aul mdol lrf.k muKlau yd iïnkaOfhka f.k f,i i,ld ne,sh yelsh' we; mgq f,i w¾:l:kh l< hq;= fuu o¾Ykfha flakaøia:dkh ke;s nj Tyq wjOdrKh lf<ah' jkafka msä; mka;shhs' Tyqf.a m%cd;ka;%jdofha iudchSh iy o¾Ykfha yrh wruqKq lr wd¾Ól udkh .ek Tyq ;yjqre lr w;r we;af;a whs;sfhka myjQjka yg Èúhla ,nd iudchSh fyda wd¾Óluh m%cd;ka;%jdohla §ug;a" msvkhg m;ajQjka k.disgqúug;a" msä; fkdue;s l, foaYmd,kuh m%cd;ka;%jdohg mka;shg iyh ùug;a l=,h mka;sh fkdi,ld ysi tiúh fkdyels njg wk;=re weÕúh' ksoyi" iudkd;au;djh iy idOdrKh jHjia;dkql+, /iaùu wu;k w;r;=r ish,a,gu ,nd §ug;ah' m%OkH ^nqoaêh&" Ys,a wïfíoald¾" we;a; jYfhkau ;¾l lf<a ^pß;h& iy lreKd ^lreKdj& u; mokï jQ wdKavqC%uh f.dvke.Sfï Tjqkaf.a wruqK l=, fNaofhka f;dr m%cd;ka;%jd§ iudchla jqfha foaYmd,kuh m%cd;ka;%jdoh f.dvke.Su f.dvke.Su fuu o¾Ykjdofha uq,sl yrhhs' kf¾kaø cdOõf.a - wïfíoald¾, w;súfYaI wd¾Ól úoHd{hd, fmdf;ka .;a Wmqgd .ekSuls

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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bï i,l=K

bkaÈhdkq wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ mQ¾úldj

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

ck;dj ksid" ck;dj Wfoid iy

ck;dj úiska

bkaÈhdkq wdKavql%u jHjia:dj" f,dalfha lsishï iajdëk cd;shl È¾>;uh" wef.a iudÔh" ixialDls iy wd.ñl úúO;ajh oelau fldg f.k" rg ud¾f.damfoaYkhg;a md,khg;a wjfndaOd;aul rduqjla imhhs joka | iquka;a nd;%d

widudkH úfYaIdx. rdYshla /.;a lemS fmfkk ie,fla' th - úOdhlh" jHjia:dodhlh ,shú,a,la" bkaÈhdkq wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iy wêlrKh jk m%Odk wdh;k ia:dmkh f,dalfha lsishï iajdêm;H rgl we;s È.u ,sÅ; lrhs" tajdfha n,;, ks¾jpkh lrhs" tajdfha wdKavql%u jHjia:djhs' wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ j.lSï iSud udhsï fldg olajd wka;¾ uq,a ,shú,a, j.ka;s 395 lska fldgia 22 lska iy noaO iïnkaO;djh kshdukh lrhs' wka;¾ Wmf,aLk wglska iukaú; fõ' th 1950 ckjdß iïuq;slrKh md,kfha uQ,sl jHqyh iy rch 26 jk Èk n,d;aul jkakg meñ‚hdh" t;eka iy ck;dj w;r iïnkaO;djh msßie,iqï mgka iEu j¾Ihl§u ckrc Èkh ieufrkafka lrhs' mqrjeishkaf.a whs;sjdislï iy hq;=lï tÈkgh' ixfYdaOk 100 la fya;=fjka j.ka;s o úkHdi .; lrhs' wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ixLHdj tjl isg fï olajd 448 la cïuq yd ldYaó¾ m%dka;hg wod< olajd by< ke. we;af;ah' flfrkafka wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iïu; 370 j.ka;sh iy 1954 wdKavql%u wdKavql%u lrk ,oafoa bkaÈhdkq ck;dj jHjia:d ksfhda.h ^cïuq yd ldYaó¾ jHjia:dfõ uq,a úiska m;alr .;a m<d;a m¾Io i|yd wod< jk& u.ska m%;smdÈ; ,shú,a, j.ka;s idudðlhka ksiska ia:dmkh lrk mßÈ ksYaÑ; jH;sf¾l iy kùlrK 395 lska fldgia ,o wdKavql%u jHjia:d m¾Ioh iu.sks' th rfÜ ish¨‍ kS;sfha 22 lska iy úisks' wdpd¾h iÑkdkkaoa isxyd ud;djhs' rch úiska mkjk iEu Wmf,aLk wglska wdKavql%u jHjia:d m¾Iofha m<uq kS;shlau wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iukaú; fõ iNdm;sjrhd úh' miqj" wdpd¾h iu.ska wkql+,;dj imqrd,sh rdfÊkaø m%idoa iNdm;s ;k;=rg hq;= fõ' f;aÍ m;aúh' wdpd¾h î wd¾ wïfíoald¾" tys wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ mQ¾úldj bkaÈhdj flgqïm;alrK lñgqfõ iNdm;sjrhd" bkaÈhdfõ iajdêm;H iudcjd§ f,daldh; m%cd;ka;%jd§ wkkH iudÔh" ixialD;sl iy wd.ñl ckrchla úh hq;= nj;a ck;dj Wfoid hqla;sh" úúO;ajfhka hq;= oelau is;ays ;nd .ksñka" ksoyi iy iudkd;au;dj wdrlaId lsÍug rgg ud¾f.damfoaYkh iy md,kh iemhSug lemúh hq;= iy mqoa.,hka w;r ifydaor;ajh wjfndaOd;aul iy .;sl rduqj imhk wdKavql%u iy Wodr;ajh iy cd;sfha tluq;= nj iy jHjia:dfõ m%Odk .Dyks¾udK Ys,amshd f,ig tdldnoaO;dj m%j¾Okh lsÍu ioyd úh hq;=

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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bï i,l=K

iqnidOk rdcHhla nj;a m%ldY lrhs' mQ¾úldfõ lrk jHjia:dodhl n, ,ehsia;= ;=kla wvx.= úfYaIs; mrud¾: ixfYdaOkh l< fkdyels fõ' uOHu rch ikaOdk ,ehsia;=fõ ioyka bkaÈhdkq wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ uQ,sl jHqyh úIhh iïnkaOfhka jHjia:dodkh lsÍug we;s ixia:dmkh lrhs' mQ¾úldfõ wdrïNl iy wkkH idOdrK n,h ú¢hs' m%dka; rchj,g wjidkd;aul jdlH( —wm" ck;dj''' fuu m%dka; n,;, ,ehsia;=fõ úIhh iïnkaOfhka wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ms<s.ekSu" jHjia:d mekùug iïmQ¾K mekùu" iy wmgu odhdo lsÍu wêldßh ysñ fõ' fYaI n,;, lrhs— hkqfjka wjidkd;aul uOHu rch úiska l%shd;aul lrk mQ¾úldfõ jYfhka n,h /£ we;af;a ck;dj w;r iu.dó ,ehsia;=fõ ioyka úfYaIs; mrud¾: fj;u nj úfYaI fldg olajhs' úIhh iïnkaO kS;s mekùug bkaÈhdkq wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 1 fjks uOHu rch iy m%dka; rdcHj,g wdKavql%u j.ka;sh bkaÈhdj m%dka;j, yelshdj ;sfí' bkaÈhdj i;=j jHjia:dfõ ikaOdkhla úh hq;= nj mjik iuQmldßl ikaëh jHqyhla mj;sk uQ,sl jHqyh kuq;a" wdKavql%u jHjia:dj uOHu nj lsj yels ù ;sfí' wdKavql%u ixia:dmkh rch iy m%kd;a w;r meyeÈ,s jHjia:dfjka rch ioyd oaù lrhs n,h fn§ula lrñka ikaëh uKav, jHjia:dodhl md¾,sfïka;=j rdcHhl jHqyhla imhhs" tla tla iïmdokh lrk w;r uOHuh m%dka;h Tjqkaf.a l%shdldrlï jmißh we;=<; f,dala iNdj ^md¾,sfïka;=fõ my< uka;%S jHjia:dodkh iy mekùu ioyd n,.kajkq ,en uKav,h& iy rdcH iNd ^W;a;r uka;%S uKav,h& ;sfí' i;ajk Wmf,aLkh ;=< ikaOdkh" m%dka;h hk folska ieÿï .kS' f,dala iNdj ck;djf.ka iy iu.dó jYfhka mßmd,k úIhh ks¾jpkh Pkaofhka m;a lr .kakd idudðlhkaf.ka

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iukaú; jk w;r rdcH iNdj jHjia:dodhl m¾Ioj,ska f;dard .kakd ksfhdað;hkaf. ka iukaú; fõ' ckdêm;sjrhd rdcHfhao md¾,sfïka;=fõ o kdñl m%Odkshd fõ' ieneúkau m%dfhda.slj" wud;H uKav,fha wdOdrh ,nk w.%dud;Hjrhd úOdhlfha kdhl;ajh ork w;r md,kh iïnkaOfhka j.lSu orhs' wmlaImd; wêlrKh" jHjia:dodhlfhka iy úOdhlfhka iajdëk jk w;r wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ m%Odk úfYaIdx. w;ßka tlla fõ' fY%aIaGdêlrKh rfÜ Wmßu wêlrKh jk w;r wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ wdrlaIlhd f,i lghq;= lrñka wjidk wNshdpk n,h ysñ wêlrKh f,i fiajh lrhs' tla tla m%dka;h i;=j tys by<u wêlrKh f,i lghq;= lrk uydêlrKhla ne.ska fõ' wêlrK iudf,dapkfha n,h hgf;a" fY%aIaGdêlrKhg fyda uydêlrKhg hï kS;shla wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ hï m%;smdokhla yd .efgk nj fmfka kï th jHjia:dkql+, fkdjk nj fyda n,d;sl%dka; nj ;SrKh l< yelsh' fuu wêlrK iudf,apk n,h weußldkq wêlrK Wmßudêldß;ajh tla w;lg;a wfkla w;g ì%;dkH md¾,sfïka;= Wmßudêldr;ajh;a w;r uOHu ud¾.hla ixia:dmkh lrhs' wêlrKfha wmlaImd;SNdjh ;yjqre lrkq ms‚i" úOdhlfha n,mEfuka iajdh;a; jk l%shdj,shla u.ska úksYaphlrejka m;alsÍu flf¾' úksYaphlrejka bj;a l< yelafla uka;%S uKav, folskau wkqu; úh hq;= oDV fodaIdNsfhda. l%shdj,shla u.ska muKla bj;a l< yels fõ' wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka mqrjeishka fj; uQ,sl whsjdislï fndfyda .Kkla mjrd fohs' fïjd kï î& iudkd;au;djfha whs;sjdislu" îi& ksoyi ioyd whs;sjdislu" îii& Wmfhdackhg tfrys ùfï whs;sjdislu" îv& wd.ñl ksoyfia whs;sjdislu" ^v& ixialD;sl iy wOHdmksl whs;sjdislï iy ^vi& wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sl¾u i|yd whs;sjdislu' fuu whs;sjdislï úksYaph l< yels w;r fuu whs;sjdislï w;ßka ljrl fyda nf,ka w,a,d .ekSula fõ kï mqoa.,fhl=g fY%aIaGdêlrKh fyda uydêlrK fj; fhduq l< yelsh' flfiafj;;a" bkaÈhdfõ uQ,sl whs;sjdislï mßmQ¾K fkdfõ' idOdrK iSudlsÍï

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ks¾udKh lsÍu 1946 foieïn¾ 9 wdKavql%u jHjia:d m¾Ioh oekg uOHu Yd,dj f,i y÷kajk md¾,sfïka;=fõ wdKavql%u jHjia:d Yd,dfõ § m<uq jrg yuqfjhs

1946 foieïn¾ 13 mKaä;a cjy¾,d,a fkare wg jeoEreï mrud¾: fhdackdjla bÈßm;a lrhs" th wdKavql%u jHjia:djg ud¾. is;shula f,i fiajh lrhs

1947 wf.daia;= 14 uOHu rd;%S l‚iug" wdKavql%u jHia:d m¾Ioh iajdëk bkaÈhdj fjkqfjka kS;sh iE§fï j.lSu wdrïN lrhs' uQ,sl whs;sjdislï iy ikaOdk n,;, we;=¿ úúO lKavdhï wdKavql%u jHjia:dj fj; thska fhdackd fjhs

1947 wf.daia;= 29 wdKavql%u jHjia:d flgqïm;a lsÍug" wdpd¾h wïfnoald¾ iNdm;sjrhd f,i;a idudðlhka wg fofkl=f.ka ieÿï,;a lKavdhula m;a flfrhs

1947 fkdjeïn¾ 4 f,dalh oi foiska wdKavql%u jHjia:d fj;ska wd uQ,sl woyia iu. wdKavql%u jHjia:d flgqïm; ms<sfh, flf¾

1947 foieïn¾ 11 wdKavql%u jHjia:d flgqïm;alrK uKav,fha iNdm;s f,i wdpdrh rdfÊkaø m%idoa m;a lr .efka' miqj Tyq bkaÈhdfõ m<uq ckdêm;sjrhd úh

1949 fkdjeïn¾ 26 bkaÈhdkq wdKavql%u jHjia:dj wkqu; fjhs' th 1950 ckjdß 26 Èk n,d;aul fjhs

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bï i,l=K

m%Odk ixfYdaOk

1951

1 jk ixfYdaOkfhka ksoyia whs;sh m%ldY lsÍu ms<sno idOdrK lgl,shdjla Woa§mkh jqKq w;r wêlrK úplaIKfhka kS;sh wdrlaId lrk 9 jk Wmf,aLkh iaMdkh lrhs' 2007 §" fY%aIaGdêlrKh" tu kS;s wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ uQ,sl ms<sfj; lv lrkafka kï wk;=rej tajd my;g fy,sh yels nj ;SrKh l<dh

1960

8 jk ixfYdaOkfhka Wmf,aLk.; l=, iy Wmd,aLk.; f.da;% iy weka.af,da bkaÈhdkqjkf.a wdik fjka lsÍfï ld,h f,dala iNdj iy m%dka; iNd fjkqfjka 1970 olajd È.= lrhs' th bkamiqj iEu oYlhlgu jrla úYd,kh flf¾' 2006 §" 93 jk ixfYdaOkh rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wOHdmksl wdh;kj, wfkl=;a miq.dó l=, ioyd i,dlh 27] la f,ig bv fohs

1956

7 jk ixfYdaOkh NdId úoHd;aul lreKq u; m%dka; kej; ixúOdkh lsÍfï ud¾.h ilia lrhs

1961

12 jk ixfYdaOkhg miqj" l,ska f.daj" oduka iy ähq mD;=.%Sis ckmo bkaÈhdfõ fldgia njg m;a fjhs' 1975 §" 35 jk ixfYdaOkh isÇï bkaÈhdkq ikaOdkfha fldgila njg m;a lrhs

1971

26 jk ixfYdaOkh l,ska l=ur m%dka; md,lhkag f.jQ wêrdc §ukd bj;a lsÍu fy,sorõ lrhs

1976

42 jk ixfYdaOkh yÈis kS;Sh u.ska ne| ;snQ uQ,sl whs;sjdislï iufha iïu; flreKq w;r uQ,sl hq;=lï lsysmhla y÷kajd ÿka w;r f,daldh; iy iudcjd§ hk jpk mQ¾úldjg y÷kajd fohs

1975

39 jk ixfYdaOkh mlaIfha n,lsÍu u; yÈis kS;sh m%ldY lsÍu ksid w.%dud;H bkaÈrd .dkaê ue;s‚hf.a md¾,sfïka;= m;aùu wj,x.= lrñka w,yndoa uydêlrKh § ;snQ ;Skaÿj n,Y=kH lrhs

1977-78

43 jk iy 44 jk ixfYdaOk mYapd;a yÈis ld,fha isú,a ksoyi kej; f.kd w;r uQ,sl whs;sjdislï f.dkafkka foam, whs;sh bj;a lrhs

1985

52 jk ixfYdaOkh jHjia:dodhlhka mlaIhlska mlaIhlg udreùu ksid iqÿiqlï fkd,eîu fmkajd fohs

1988

61 jk ixfYdaOkh Pkaoodhl iqÿiqlï jhi 21 isg 18 olajd my; fy,hs

1992

73 jk iy 74 jk ixfYdaOk mxpdh;a iy kd.ßl m<d;a md,k wdh;k j, Rcq m;aùï msßkuhs

2014

99 jk ixfYdaOkh cd;sl wêlrK m;alsÍï fldñiu msysgqjhs 2015 § fY%aIaGdêlrKh th bj; fy,hs

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2002

86 jk ixfYdaOkh jhi wjqreÿ 14 olajd wOHdmkhg we;s whs;sh iy jhi yh jk f;la uq,a <ud úh /ljrKh msßkuhs

—cd;shlg fyda ck;djlg ;u bÈß .ufka § úfõl ia:dkhla ke;suh—

—wmg fma%rKfha .eUqre iyDo;ajhla wjYH fõ" l;dfõ§ úi,a ffO¾hhla o l%shdfõ§ wjÈu;a Ndjhla o tfiauh—

wdpd¾h rdfÊkaø m%idoa 1950 ckjdß 26 Èk wdKavql%u jHjia:d ms<s.ekSfuka miqj ta iïnkaOfhka

ifrdaðkS kdhs÷" wdKavql%u jHjia:d m¾Io idudðld

mkjkq ,eìh yelsh' 1976 § flreKq 42 jk ixfYdaOkhg wkqj" uQ,sl hq;=lï wdKavql%u jHjia:djg tla flreKq w;r mqrjeishka ;u whs;sjdislï N+la;s ú¢k w;r;=r Tjqka úiska Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï yd hq;=lï i|yd hq;=lï idOkh l< hq;= nj;a whs;sjdislï iy hq;=lï iyiïnkaê; nj isys .kajkq ,eì‚' wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ ;j;a kjuq úfYaIdx. hla kï" ta ;=< rdcH m%;sm;a;sh fufyhqï uQ,O¾u mßÉfPohla wka;¾.; ùuhs" th iudc iy wd¾Ól m%cd;ka;%jdoh rfÜ ia:dms; lsÍu ioyd tajd l%shd;aul lsÍug rchg fufyhqï lsÍfï iajNdjhla .ekSuhs' úksYaph l< fkdyels jqj;a" fuu uQ,O¾u rfÜ md,kfha § uQ,sl f,i ie,fla' uQ,sl N+ñldjla rÕk" ue;sjrK fldñiu ^ksoyia yd idOdrK ue;sjrK meje;sùu ioyd j.lsj hq;= fõ&" rdcH fiajd fldñiu ^m%Odk rdcH ;k;=rej,g f;dard.ekSï iïnkaOj j.lSu orhs& iy ú.Kldêm;sjrfhla ^rcfha iy tys

ksfhdað;dh;kj, .sKqï iajdêk ú.Kkh ioyd& jeks iajdêk wdh;k .Kkdjlau;a wdKavql%u jHjia:dj hgf;a ia:dmkh lr ;sfí' wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ tla Wmdh ud¾.hla kï" th w¾: ksrEmKfhka fyda ixfYdaOkfhka hk folska ljrlska kuq;a úldYkh úh yels .;sl WmlrKhla ùuhs' mk;la f,i" wdKavql%u jHjia:djg ixfYdaOkhla wiSre ld¾hhls" th iïu; ùug" hg;a msßfihska" f,dala iNdfõ iy rdcH iNdfõ ;=fkka foll n,hla wjYH fõ' flfiafj;;a" bkaÈhdkq wdKavql%u jHjia:dj f,dalfha jvd;a ksrka;rfhkau ixfydaOkhg ,la jQ jHjia:djkaf.ka tlls" tneúka wef.a ck;djf.a j¾Okh iy ixj¾Okh fjkqfjka udj;la ioyd ke.S isákakla fkdfõ' bkaÈhdkq wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ id¾:l;ajh" bkaÈhdj jeks nyqúO iy ixlS¾K rgla i|yd" f,dalh jgd m%ùkhka l=;=y,hg m;a lrkakg" yeÕSula we;s lrjkakg iy wkqm%dKh fokakg mgka f.k ;sfí' rplhd iud.ï iy m%;sm;a;s kS;S{jrfhls

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.fõIKh

wmQ¾j fohska

msß ìula

pdáia.d¾" bkaÈhdfõ yojf;ys" fmdfydi;a ixialD;sl Wreuhla odhdo lr foñka ;SlaIK ixpdrlhdg wkkH w;aoelSula msßkuhs joka | Iqíod p;=¾fõ§

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CHHATTISGARH gd,d ys óg¾ folla Wie;s reød Ysj m%;sudj¦ uqyqK; msgqj( ,laIauk fldaú,

oek isàu hym;ah m súiSug fyd| u ld,h Tlaf;dan¾ iy fmnrjdß w;r < Õd jk wdldrh .=jkska( iajdñ úfõldkkao cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm," rdhsmQ¾ m%Odk bkaÈhdkq k.r iu.ska ukdj iïnkaê;hs ÿïßfhka( m%Odk ÿïßh ia:dk folla rdhsmQ¾ iy ì,diamQ¾ - bkaÈhdfõ m%Odk ÿïßh ia:dk yd iïnkaê;hs ud¾.fhka( tkatÉ6" tkatÉ16 iy tkatÉ43 m%dka;fha m%Odk k.r ish,a, bkaÈhdfõ wfkl=;a fldgia iu. iïnkaO lrhs

gd,d kgUqka gd,d ke;akï gd,d.dfjdaka ys ukshdß kÈh bjqrenv foaõrd‚ iy fÊ;dks kgUqka ;ks ixlS¾Khl msysgd we;s w;r me;s foll ke.S isà'

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

Map not to scale

wkkH ixialD;sl iy mßir úoHd;aul wkkH;d" fm!rd‚l iaudrl" ÿ¾,N jkÔj" ishque,sj leghï flreKq fldaú,a" fn!oaO wvú" m%dido" Èhwe,s" f,ka iy YsLr is;=jï ixhqla;hla /.;a ksle,e,a oiqka;, ms<sn|j pdáia.drh mqridrï lshhs' ìïlfvka ishhg 44 la jk wdjrKhlska iy 32 la f.da;%sl ck.yKhlska jeiqKq tys iajNdúl iqkaor;ajh" f,dalh oifoiska iajNdjhg wdorh lrkakjqka wdl¾IKh lrhs' iu l< fkdyels iajNdúl iqkaor;ajhlska msß cd;sl WoHdk ;=kla iy jkÔù wNh N+ñ 11 la iys;" m%dka;h bkaÈhdkq ixpdrl is;shfuys jeo.;a jkÔù .ukdka;hla f,i ia:dmkh ù we;' fumuKla fkdj" tys mqrdúoHd;aul wvú iy fldaú,a leghï iy uQ¾;s j,ska ksñ tys fmdfydi;a Wreuh r|jd f.k isà' tfukau m%dka;h m%Odk fn!oaO uOHia:dkhla njg m;a ù ;sfí'

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

.fõIKh

pdáia.drfha úúO Ys,am m%o¾Ykh lrk l,dlD;s

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Ñ;%dfldafÜ Èhwe,a,

fudaiï ld,hg miqj tk cQ,s iy Tlaf;dan¾ w;r jdrfhah'

Ñ;%dfldafÜ wä 100 l isg lvd yef,k Èhwe,a," fudaiï ld,fha § óg¾ 150 la fNdardïÈfhda fldaú, bkaÈhdfõ muK mq¿,aj jefvk" Ñ;%dfldafÜ m%p,s; kñka pdáia.drfha kh.rdj" rfÜ Èhwe,a," bkaÈhdfõ kh.rdj" ldcqrdfydaj f,i ye¢kafjk" úYd,;u Èh rfÜ úYd,;u Èh we,a, f,i fNdardïÈfhda fldaú, ljrdO we,a, f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' f.daodjÍ kÈfha isg lsf,daóg¾ 21 la wE;ska y÷kajkq ,efí w;= .x.djla jk" bkaødj;S kÈh" fNdardïfoaõ ys msysgd we;' th il%S fuu wYaj,dvul yevh .;a kÈfha bjqrenv 11 jk ishjig Èh we,af,a uQ,dY%h jk w;r wh;a is;a jiÕ lrk Ysj foú niagd¾ Èia;%slalfha c.aod,amQ¾ ys msysgd we;' flda ú , ks i dh ckm%sh fõ' fldaú, f.dvk.d Ñ;%d fldafÜ wi, kjd;eka úl,am jkafka we;a f ;a kd.¾ wêrdcH fhys rcl< rdupkaø okaodñ iqfLdamfNda.S ksfla;k iy uvqh' Ñ;%d rcq úis k s ' fldafÜ Èhwe,a, fyd¢ka ri ú¢h yelafla

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.fõIKh

by< isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg( fNdardïÈfhda fldaú," wdY%uhl iy iqrka.a á,d ys NslaIQka

is¾mQ¾

f;ajd¾Èfhda fn!oaO wdY%uh( iqrka.a á,d( 2005-2006 ld,fha fuys leŒïj,§ fidhd f;ajd¾Èfhda kej; fmd,fjka u;= lr .;a" .eKqkq f,aLk j,g wkqj" fn!oaO wdY%uh fldaú, lrd m%md;dldr yqKq.,a f;ajd¾Èfhda fn!oaO wdY%uh f;ajd¾Èfhda kï mshfm<la Tiafia msúish yels f;ajd¾Èfhda kï fidaujdiS fidaujdiS rcqf.a w;r n%yau" úIaKq iy Ysj rcqf.a ld,h olajd od;u l< ld,h olajd hk ;%suQ¾;sh fjkqfjka lem yelsh' wdY%uh lrd msúiqï od;u l< yelsh fldg ;sfí' mxpdh;ka .Dy ud¾.fha .,ska igyka jQ nqoaO ks¾udK Ys,amfha ú,dih wkqj pß;h iy mxp;ka;%fhka .;a f.dvk.k ,o" m%Odk fldaú, l;d ksrEmKh fjhs' ,laIauk uOHfhao ;j;a y;rla fldkaj,o we;s fï fldaú,( iqrka.a á,dj 7 jk ishjfia § uydðj.=ma; úIaKq foú÷ka fjkqfjka lemjqKq" nd,d¾cqka úiska f.dv k.d we;' fldaú, l%sia;= j¾I 625-650 wdikak ld,hg

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by< iy ol=fKa( is¾mQ¾ iy m%dka;fha f.da;%sl k¾;k wx.¦ wka;¾cd;sl k¾;k iy ix.S; Wf<,

is¾mQ¾ wka;¾cd;sl k¾;k iy ix.S; Wf<, is¾mQ¾ lrd msúiSu Ôú; ld,Sk ixpdrl w;aoelSula jkafka th hful= w;S;hd lrd f.khk neúks' fmdfydi;a odhdohla ysñ ft;sydisl wvúh" is¾mQ¾ hkq mqÿu Wmojk fldaú,a iy fn!oaO úydr j,ska ieÈ Y=oaO k.rhls' k.rfha ixialD;slj fmdfydi;a yd;ami 7 jk ishjfia .Dyks¾udKfha W;alDIag ksuejqula jk ,laIauk fldaúf,a oiqk yd ne¢j is¾mQ¾ cd;sl k¾;k iy ix.S; Wf<,g mßmQ¾K Ñ;%hla imhhs' fuu Wf<f,a y;rjk ixialrKh ckjdß 29 iy 31 w;r ixúOdkh lr we;' pdáia.d¾ ixpdrl uKav,h u.ska ixl,amkh lr we;s mßÈ" Wf<, l,dj iy ixialD;sh" ix.S;h iy k¾;kh hk tajdfha m<uq W;aidyl w;aoelSul ÿ¾,N tluq;=jla ìyslrhs' Wf<f,a miq.sh ixialrK ;=k mqrd" mKaä;a pdkakq,d,a ñYard" udOù uqoa.,a" m%d,doa isx ámdkshd" mKaä;a yßm%idoa fpdrdishd" mKaä;a ì¾cq uydrdÊ" rdyq,a I¾ud" Wia;doa iqcd;a ldka" f;acdkandhs" úlal= úkhdlrï" jdo,s ifydaorfhda" fmaÜ f,dlÜ" fcda¾Ê nDDlaia iy f,kdâ tfgda jeks cd;sl iy wka;¾cd;sl l,dlrefjda biõjg iyNd.s jQy'

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.fõIKh

od;u l< yelsh' th y¾Ia.=ma; rcqf.a jekaoUqj jQ jdi;d /ðK úiska f.dv k.k ,o w;r" l=¿Kq iys; uKavmhla we;=<; ke.S isáhs'

pdïmrdka rdhsmQ¾ isg lsf,daóg¾ 60 la mu‚ka ÿr msysá" pdïmdrka .ïudkh j,a,Ndpd¾h RIsjrhdf.a Wmka ia:dkh f,i lS¾;su;a ù we;" Tyq j,a,N ksldfha wdrïNlhd fukau m%;sixialdrljrhd o úh' RIsjrhdg f.!rj ms‚i fuys w,xldr fldaú,la bÈ lrkq ,en ;sfí' fuys ;j;a wdl¾IKhla jkafka pïmflaYajr uydfoaj fldaú,hs'

l=gqïid¾ f,ka iy lhs,dYa f,k ixpdrlfhda iajNdj fi!kao¾hfha oelaula ú¢kq ms‚i nÜid¾ Èia;%slalfha ldka.¾ ksïkfha l=gqïid¾ f,ka iy lhs,dYa f,k lrd meñfK;s' f,ka we;=<; yeu úgu w÷re jk w;r mgq ud¾. ;=<ska hdu wiSre lrjhs' ysß,U iy ysßgeU ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh lrk l=gqïid¾ f,ka È.ska óg¾ 1327 la iy óg¾ 35 la fmd<j uÜgug jvd my<ska msysghs' lhs,dYa f,k l=vd l÷.eghla u; msysgk w;r l=gqïid¾ f,kaj,g iudk ,laIK orhs' 1993 § fidhd .;a" lhs,dYa f,k" óg¾ 100 la

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jfï isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg( l=gqïid¾ f,ka" pïmdrka ys j,a,Ndpd¾hf.a Wmka ia:dkh iy pdáia.d¾ys wNhN+ñhl wekaáf,dama

È.=h" ysß,U iy ysßgeU nyq,;ajhlg ksjiakh imhhs' fuys ksïkdoh úiañ; whqßka ix.S; rdjhla Wmojk w;r w÷re wNHka;rfha ieuúgu kdo fõ'

n¾kdjmdr jkÔù wNh N+ñh uydiduqkaoa Èia;%slalfha msysgd we;s n¾kdjmdr jkÔù wNhN+ñh l=vd kuq;a j¾. lsf,daóg¾ 245 l úysfok jeo.;a jkÔj .yKhls' fuu wNhN+ñfha m%d:ñl ixhqla;h f;alal" i,a" WK iy wr¿ j, ksj¾;k úh<s m;kYS, .yKhla fõ' jkÔùka w;rg fldáhd" w,i j,yd" yïndjd" ysj,d" y;rÕ wekaáf,dama" Èúhd" Ñkaldrd" l¿ uqjd" le,E n<,d" nqrk uqjd" b;a;Ejd" j÷rd" l=¿yrld" bß yhkd" le,E n,a,d" ;s;auqjd" f.dakd" ks,a.dhs" .jrd" uqckaála" j,a W!rd" kd.hd iy fmd<Õd we;=<;a fõ' wNh N+ñh ;=< úYd, m%udKfha mlaIs .yKhla o isák w;r iqÿ mshdm;a Wl=iaid iy fld< wejvdjd m%uqL fõ' uE;§" pdáia.d¾ ixpdrl uKav,h is¾mQ¾ Wreu md .uk iy f.da;%sh iu. .uk Èh;a l<dh' kjÈ,a,sh mokï jQ bkaÈhd k.r md .uka iu. .súiqï we;sj ixpdrl uKav,h c, l%Svd" l÷lr mdmeÈ" l|jqre fmfoia" mdmeÈ ijdß iy lerjEka ixpdr m%j¾Okh lsÍug o b,lal lrhs'

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mßmQ¾K ;=,kh

igyka lsÍu

bkaÈhdfõ wNs,dIS cd;sl ;Sß; odhl;aj foaY.=K fjkialïj,g tfrysj igka lsÍug .kakd nyq oe;s iy wjfndaOd;aul m%fõYhla ms<sìUq lrhs

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foaY.=K úm¾hdi ms<sno tlai;a cd;Skaf.a rduq iïuq;sh hgf;a md¾Yaj iïfï,kh" mDÓúh wo ojfia uqyqK fok jvd;au mSvkldÍ wNsfhda.j,ska tlla jk foaY.=K úm¾hdij,g iduQysl f.da,Sh m%;spdrhla fidhkq ms‚i .kakd cd;Hka;r kdhl uQ,drïNhls' jir .Kkdjla ;siafia" bkaÈhdj fï m%h;akhg w¾:j;a odhl;ajhla lr we;' miq.sh jif¾ fkdjeïn¾ 30 iy foieïn¾ 11 meje;ajqKq md¾Yaj 21 iïfï,kfha§ o" foaY.=K úm¾hdj,g fok f,dal m%;spdrh yev .ekaùfï jvd;au l%shdldÍ N+ñldjla .kq ms‚i bkaÈhdj Yla;su;a kdhl;aj ia:dkhla .;a;dh' foi;shl läkï idlÉPd j,ska miqj" mQ¾j l¾udka; uÜgfï § f.da,S WIaK;ajh fi,aishia 2º g my< w.hlg iSud lsÍug iy Y;lfha fojeks Nd.fha§ f,dal wd¾Ólh ldnka flfrys WodiSk lrùug" cd;Ska 196 la úiska .kqfokqjl —bï i,l=K— la

f,i iqnm;k ,o .súiqu wNs,dIS cd;sl ;Sß; odhl;aj ud¾.fhka ldnka úfudapkh iSud lsÍu ms‚i w;aika lrk ,§' msßiqÿ ;dlaIKh foig rgj, m%h;ak uQ,Hkh lsÍug j¾Ihlg fvd,¾ ì,shk 100 la Tjqka m%;s{d ÿka w;r kuq;a tla tla rgla ioyd úfYaIs; j.lSula fkdjk w;ru th n,d;aul lsÍfï ud¾.hla o i|yka fkdjq‚' fuu ixo¾Nh ;=<" bkaÈhdj jeo.;a fhdackd ;=kla bÈßm;a l<dh( m<uqfjka" fmdÿ kuq;a fjkialï úfYaIKh l< j.lSï uQ,O¾uj, jeo.;alu oekgu;a wjOdrKh lrk w;r msßiqÿ bkaOk iy yß; ;dlaIK ms<sn| úi,a wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,§' fojkqj" l%ñlj fmdis, bkaOk u; wdfoaY fjñka m%;sia:dmkh jkq we;s imhd .; yels iQ¾h n,h i|yd fidaÈishg tlajk f,i iQ¾h n,h úmq, rgj,a 120 lg wdrdOkd lrñka cd;Hka;r iQ¾hn, ikaOdkh Èh;a

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mßirh" jkdka;r iy foaY.=K úm¾hdi i|yd jk rdcH wud;H" m%ldYa cjfoald¾" kjÈ,a,sfha wNs,dIS cd;sl ;Sß; odhl;aj ms<sn| iïfï,khla wu;ñka

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l<dh' ikaOdkh m%xY ckdêm;s *%ekafldhsia m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,§" thska oKav by< ;ekl fyd,dkafâ o iyNd.s jQ wjia:dfõ w.%dud;H msysgqjd idlÉPdj, id¾:l;ajh ;yjqre lsÍfï kf¾kaø fudaä ue;s;=ud úiska Èh;a lrkakg § ;SrKd;aul jkakg úh' wNs,dIS cd;sl ;Sß; fhÿ‚' bkaÈhdj fvd,¾ ñ,shk 30 l uQ,sl odhl;ajh m%d:ñl fõÈld ;=kla u; ke.S wdfhdackhla lrk w;r rfÜ§ ikaOdkfha isáhs( tall m%d.aOkh u; úfudapkh wvqlsÍu" uQ,ia:dkh msysgqjkafka kuq;a iq,iqu jkafka rfÜ n,Yla;s f.dkafka iy jk wdjrKfha l%ñl fvd,¾ ñ,shk 400 l idudðl;aj uqo,a mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s fldgi jeä lsÍula o ta iy cd;Hka;r ksfhdað;dh;k lrd by< w;rg jefÜ' m<uq ldrKfha §" bkaÈhdj 2030 jk kexùuhs' úg ish o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhka ishhg 33 isg wjidk jYfhka" bkaÈhdj ixj¾ê; rgj,g 35 olajd úfudapk >k;ajh lmd yßkakg m%;s{d fhdackd lrñka" foaY.=K ÿkakdh' fuhska úfudapkh mQ¾j uQ,Hkfha § iudkd;au;dj ioyd 2005 uÜgï lrd my<g f.fkkq n, lrkq ,enQ w;r thska fmdis, we;' fojk ldrKfha §" bkaÈhdj wNs,dIS cd;sl ;Sß; bkaOk u; mokï l¾udka; ish uq¿ n,Yla;s wjYH;dfjka odhl;aj foaY.=K jHdmdrhg iyh fok wh u;" hg;a msßfihska ishhg 40 la úm¾hdij,g oeka kej;;a mDÓúh foi wdmiq mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s uQ,dY% weiqßka tfrysj igka lsÍu f.jd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk imqrd .ekSug we;s wNsm%dh 2030 i|yd nyq oe;s iy rgj,g Wmldr lrñka Tjqkag jk bgq lrkakg woyia l<dh' wjfndaOd;aul ,dN kuq;a ls<sá bkaOk j, ;=kajk ldrKfha §" 2030 jk m%fõYhla ms<sìuq isg msßiqÿ kuq;a w.fhka jeä úg weh ish jkdka;r wdjrKh lrhs bkaOk lrd ú;eka jeä lrkakg m%;s{d ÿka w;r ùug iyh jk f,i bka w;sf¾l ldnka vfhdlaihsâ ioykla l<dh' Tjqkg oyia .Kkla fgdka ì,shk 2'5 la wjfYdaIKh lsÍug yelshdj oßø;djfhka bj;g we§ug" ;sridr" ,nkq we;' iuia;hla f,i" wNs,dIS cd;sl ;Sß; mßir ys;ldó wdldrhlska lrkakg odhl;aj foaY.=K úm¾hdij,g tfrysj igka idyisl n,mEula jkafka kï" lsÍu i|yd nyq oe;s iy wjfndaOd;aul m%fõYhla fuhska ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk ms<sìuq lrhs' f,dalhg" úfYaIfhka ke.Sk tk rgj,aj,g fõ.j;a wd¾Ól j¾Ok wd¾Ól n,fõ.j,g" fõ.j;a wÈhr ixj¾Okh udjf;a bÈßhg hdug yelshdj i|yd wjYH;d ;=,kh lrk w;r wvq ldnka ;yjqre lrkq we;' wd¾Ólhla lrd mßj¾;kh ùug" Wmldr jkq we;s wNs,dIS cd;sl ;Sß; odhl;aj kj f.da,Sh l%shdj,s flf¾ w¾:j;a odhl;ajhla ys§ bkaÈhdj" miq.sh Tlaf;danrfha lsÍug bkaÈhdfõ È.= ld,Sk lemùu h<s;a § wjYH mQ¾j iuq¿ wodkhla m%;s{d l<dh'

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iqúfYaIs fudaia;r ks¾udKldrshka wmf.a fudaia;r fi!kao¾h Ydia;%fha w;S;hg .uka lrk úg" fy,sorjq jkqfha bkaÈhdkq Ndj‍fha W!rej kjHlrKh ;=<ska b;d meyeÈ,s jk njh joka | YD;s fgdaud¾

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bkaÈhdj ;=< nyq,j ks¾udKd;aul woyia we;suq;a j¾;udk ldka;d fudaia;r ks¾udKlhka rfgys Wreuhka kj;u ;;a;ajhlg f.khkq ,nhs' Tjqka bkaÈhdj f.da,Sh fudaia;r is;shfuys ;enQ me/kakka fyda tu tallfha kjlhka fyda j;djl§ tys

ksy~ju isá wh jQjo" fuu wjia:dj ldka;dj yd Tjqkaf.a olaINdjh ieuÍug ld,hhs' je,,S .sh mer‚ idïm%odhsl fudia;r iqúfYaI kj;u tajd iuÕ iïñY%Kh lsÍfuka" fuu ldka;d ks¾udKlrefjda bkaÈhdj ,ndÈh yels fyd|u foa ,nd fo;s'

ß;+ l=ud¾- iagd,ajd¾Ü rfgys w;s olaI ks¾udKlrejkaf.ka flfkl= jk" ß;+ l=ud¾ yg we;s wdfõ‚l ffY,Sh ms<sìUq lrkqfha bmer‚ bkaÈhdkq idïm%odhl Ys,amSh;ajfhys j¾;udk l,d;aul iajrEmhhs' l,d b;sydifha miqìu yd md,k Ys,amfhys wef.a nqoaêfhys iSudjka iuÕ" ß;+f.a wjfndaOh jkqfha mqrdK yd kùlrKh l< idïm%odhsl

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ks¾udK Ndú;fhka kj iïNdjH;djhla f.dvke.S we;s njh' bmer‚ foa kej; m%dKj;a lsÍu ms<sn|j weh ork ia:djrh idïm%odhsl fudaia;r l¾udka;fha yd kQ;k;ajfha ysvei id¾:lj iïnkaO ù we;s njhs' ß;+ jkdyS bkaÈhdfõ —nqála˜ ixialD;sh ;=< m%:ufhka y÷kajd Èh hq;= ldka;djhs'

iafkayd fï;dl=l+ka ú,dis;dldrsh iafkayd fï;df.a cd;Hka;r Ôjk ffY,sh yd fi!kao¾h úoHdfjys olaI nqoaêfha iajNdjh wehf.a wiuiu iuld,Sk m%h;akh iys; ks¾udK j,ska ksrEmKh fõ' iafkaydf.a wkkH úl=Kqï m%ldYkh f,dalfha b;du fyd|u yd ÿ¾,Nu WKqiqï" ieye,a¨‍ yd uDÿ frÈ Ndú; lr olaI f,i weh úiska w;ska ksujk ,o lndhj,ska iukaú; fõ' —Yla;su;a ldka;djla f,i ke.S isàu kï wd;auwúYajdih yd wNsfhda. j,ska ÿ¾uqL ùu fkdj ;udf.au wNHka;rfhka kef.k wjHdc weu;=ï úYajdi lsÍuhs"˜ hkq iafkaydf.a wp, úYajdihhs'

Ys,amd Y¾udfchmQ¾ys ieÕjqkq nqoaêh wehf.a jir 20 taldnoaO jD;a;sfhys" Ys,amd Y¾ud 12 la *dìkaÈhd iuÕ is,a,r fj<|dfuys o wgla udßflda bkaviag%Sia yd leânÍia ys t*atïiSÔ ud¾láka yso .; l<dh' kej; ta ish,a,u w;yeßfha wehf.a uQ,slu isyskh" tkï fchmQ¾ fjkqfjka" bkaÈhdfjys b;du w,xldr yd iqjodhlu NdKav" bkaÈhdkq frÈ j¾." fi!kao¾h Ydia;%h yd mj;sk Wreu f,dalhgu fy,slrk" wka;¾cd,fha ud¾..; oajdrhla fjkqfjka kshqla; ùugh' —uu i;=áka wjÈ jkqfha kjfha isg my f;la jQ wmyiq lghq;af;ka neyer ùu l< úg th ud yg ud i;a;lskau wfmalaId l< foh fidhd .ekSug Wmldr lrk ksidfjks"˜ wdrïNfha isá yjq,alrefjda ;sfokdf.ka flfkl= jk Ys,amd lSjdh'

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bkaÈhd o¾Yk

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

ksfõÈ;d idnQ ksfhda-fldjqgQ¾ ksfõÈ;d idnQ È,a,s ys tkawhst*aà ys wdÈ YsIHhl= jk rka molalï ,dNS yd f,djmqrd bkaÈhdkq fudaia;r j, l%shdYS,S ksfhdað;fhls' weh ñiag¾ bkaÈhd yd ñiag¾ j¾,aâ ixo¾Yk iuÕskao ñia bkaÈhd" ñia j¾,aâ yd ñia hqksj¾ia lKavdhïys fudaia;r wOHlaIsldjla f,io jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla orkq ,nhs' weh úúO fudaia;r mdie,aj, WmfoaYl uKav,j, WmfoaYsldjlao fõ' fnd,sjqâys" iSka.a Bia í,Súka.ays wlafIa l=ud¾ i|yd we÷ï me<÷ï lÜg, ks¾udKh l<dh' wehf.a ikaku cd;Hka;rhg f.k hñka" ksfõÈ;d ,kavka n%hsv,a ùla" meÍisfha meIka ùla" fldßhdfõ meIka f*iaáj,a" fydxfldka.a meIka ùla yd flaka meIkn,a frâ ldmÜ ys wehf.a tl;=j m%o¾Ykh l<dh'

mdh,a cdhska - b;d mßlaIdldÍ ks¾udKldrsh ksre;aidyju bkaÈhdkq úYsIaG Ys,amS;ajh yd mdh,a cdhskaf.a ixlS¾K ks¾udK fldgia" kùk ngysr wdlD;s iuÕ ksjerÈju iïñY%Kh fõ' wef.a ikakdu o¾Ykh weh úia;r lrkqfha" — bkaÈhdkq m%dKh iys;

ngysr YÍrh˜ f,isks' ,dnd, úfha§u l,dfjka wNdIh ,enQ ^cdhskaf.a uj ix.S;{jßhl yd mshd ie,iqï ks¾udK bxðfkarefhl= fjhs&" wehf.a f,dalh jHdma; jQfha ks¾udKYS,S m%jdyhka kegqï" ix.S; yd l,dYs,am wka;¾.;jh'

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kkaÈ;d rdhsmqrdks - úYd, isysk olsñka l=vd k.rhl bmso ye§ jevqkq" kkaÈ;d rdhsmqrdks yg úYd, wfmalaId yd th j¾Okh lr.ekSug ffO¾hho we;sj oeä jQjdh' w;sYh ks¾udKYS,S isysk olskakshl jk weh wehf.a wiuiu oekSu ;=<ska idudkH we÷ï b;d jeäÈhqKq yd ixlS¾K úYsIag fudaia;r f,iska olajd bkaÈhdj kej; yerjQfhah' we£ug yels ú,dis;d ms<sn| kkaÈ;d Rcqju úYajdi lrk w;r wehf.a tl;=j tysu y÷kd .ekSuls'

wehf.a ks¾udKj, wkkH úl=Kqï m%ldYkh jkqfha iqúYd, fudaia;r ms<sn|j iúia;rd;aul m¾fhaIKhkays fh§u fõ' weh ksre;aidyju úúO ixialD;s yd hq. tl;= lr fid÷re W;af;ack we;slsÍu fukau isysk olskakka yd ksÍlaIlhdf.a kshu ;;a;ajh mSvd fkdùug fudaia;r iylre fyukaÜ iu.ska tl;=j lghq;= lrhs' ixúOdkh yd iunr;djh wehf.a fm!reI;ajfha yd ks¾udKj, mokuhs'

uï;d .=ma;d jHdmdßl riúoHd{jßh uï;d .=ma;d fudia;r l¾udka;fha y÷kajkafka —jHdmdßl riúoHd{˜ f,isks' wdrïNfha§ oYlhlg jeä l,la mqoa.,hka yd ikakdu WmfoaYkh lrñka isá frÈms<s" fudaia;r yd wNHka;r fudaia;r rpl uï;df.a iajlSh .uk wdrïN jkqfha frÈms<s ks¾udK wOHhk lrk w;r§ l< lkaðjrï fiao idß ms<sn| Ydia;%Sh ksnkaOkh iu.sks' 1984 yd 2011" w;r weh ´kEu fohla i|yd jQ jka-iafgdma-fYdma -—fïâ bka bkaÈhd˜ wdrïN lf<a úúOdx. jHdmdrh yd ¥Iudk l:d ienE njg uqÿka m;ajQ lrjñks'

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bkaÈhdfjys kd.ÍlrK .ufkys ;j;a tla

jeo.;a ikaêia:dkhla

wurdj;S k.rh .=jfka isg" wdkaød m%foaYa ys kj w. k.rh

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

wurdj;S" wdkaød m%foaYa w.kqjr jk .Õ woaor kj k.rh" rfÜ m%:u ;dlaIŒlrKh jQ mßir ys;ldó k.rh njg m;afõ joka | pdkaføhS fN!ñla

w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d uE;l§ wurdj;sh wdkaød m%foaYa ys kj w.kqjr njg m;alrñka uq,a., ;eîfuka miqj bkaÈhdfõ k.r ;dlaIŒlrKfhys ie,eiqug kj mßÉfþohla tl;= lrñka wurdj;sh o Bg tla lf<ah' l%sIaKd .xÕdfjys bjqfrys msysgqjk" wurdj;sh pkaÈ.d¾" nqndfkaiajd¾" .dka§ k.¾ yd kdhd rdhsmQ¾ k.rj,g miqj rfgys miajk ie,iqï l< k.rh fõ' tfiau th rfgys ;dlaIŒlrKh jQ m%:u mßir ys;ldó k.rho jkq we;' ft;sydisl wurdj;S k.rh msysgd ;sfnkqfha ;=,aÆ¾ isg lsó 15 m%udKhla wE;ska jk w;r" m%dka;fha kj w. k.rfha wmsflakaøh" úchdjdo yd .=kagQ¾ k.r w;r f.dv kef.kq we;' mqrdK yskaÿ m%jdofha" úYajdih wkqj wurdj;sh bkaø kï" foúhkaf.a rcqf.a jdiia:dkh ù mej;sks' th md,s jpkhla jk ks¾jdKhg wkql+, jk —wurŒhhkaf.a jdiia:dkh˜ kï fõ' fï k.rh fmr§ wdkaød kd.dß f,i ye¢kaúh' jir 2000 muK fmr id;djdydkd rdc jxYfha ksjiakh f,i mej;=kq"

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wurdj;sh wfYdal wêrdchdf.a rdc iufha f.dv k.k ,o ia;+m we;=¨‍j fn!oaO N+ñ Nd.hla f,i m%isoaOj mej;s‚' wurdj;sh mßj¾;kh lsÍu ms‚i" wdkaød m%foaYa rch tlsfklg Rcq flda‚l jqKq udj;a ie,iqï lsÍug cd,l ie,iqula

u; l%shd;aul fjñka isà' fuu cd,l ie,iqu bkaÿ ksïk YsIagdpdrfhys yrmamd iy fudfykaocdfrda iuh lrd fmr od;u l< yels w;r tys kef.kysr isg ngysrg yd W;=r isg ol=Kq ÈYdjkag úysfok f¾Ld Tiafia fldgia j,g fjka lrkq

bkaÈhdkq w.ue;s kf¾kaø fudaä uy;d wdkaød m%foaYa kj w. k.rh i|yd uq,a ., ;nñka

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

jfï isg ol=Kg ^uqyqK; msgqfjka&( wurdj;sh i|yd jk m%Odk ie,iqfuys fmroelau

,o cd,l ie,iqï j,ska hq;a Rcq udj;a tkï wurdj;S wi, msysá úYd,;u olakg ,efí' ;jo iEu fldgilau kej; kd.ßl ixlS¾Kh i|yd weia;fïka;= l=vd mdrj,a u.ska kej; fnod ;snQ whqreo .; úhou re' oi ñ,shk 6"823la i|yd isys .ekafõ' m%;sm;a;suh wkque;sh ,nd § we;' fï w;r;=r" w.kqjr l,dmSh ixj¾Ok tfiau mßir ys;ldó .=jka f;dgqm,lao wêldßh ^iSwd¾ãta&" wurdj;sh ÈhqKq lsÍug ,nd§ug ie,iqï lr we;' fuu l,dmh ie,iqï lsÍu" iudfhdackh" l%shd;aul lsÍu" ;=< fkajdisl kd.ßlhka yg jdiia:dk yd uQ,Huh lghq;= wdÈhg ilia lr we;' jk w;r" wOHdmk wdh;k" WoHdk" c, fuu ixúOdkh f.dùkaf.ka ;gdl" úfkdaoh we;s lrk wlalr 33"000 muK w;am;a ia:dk" c, ;Sr yd ;j;a lr.eksfï j.lSu mjrdf.k fndfyda foa ;sfí' úfYaI wurdj;sfhys we;af;a" tys ys,õjg wjOdkh fhdojkqfha id¾:l;ajh wdkaød ixj¾Okh l< w.kqjßka lsó 25 mÈlhkaf.a .uka m%foaYa j,g muKla bvï fok njg fmdfrdkaÿ ;Srej újD; mßir ys;ldó iSud fkdjk fjñks' Tjqkf.a bvï wjldYhlg iïnkaO jkqfha uq;a iduQyslj ysñlfuys j¾. m%udKh u;" fiajhg hdu i|yd weú§fï bkaÈhdjgu ysñlrejka fj; ìï fldgia mßirhla i,id §ug yd n,mdkq we; ,nd § we;' iS>%.dó yd w¾Ot;=<ska fudag¾ jdyk iS>%.dó udj;a ixj¾Okho Ndú; fkdlrk m%jdykhla kj w.kqjrg wka;¾.;j Èßu;a lsÍugh' ie,iqï l%shd;aul lr we;' fuu há;, wurdj;sfhys id¾:lajh wdkaød m%foaYa ie,eiau ixl,amkh lf<a cqfrdka.a j,g muKla wod< fkdjk w;r taldnoaO bkag¾keIk,a fyda,aäkaia mqoa.,sl iud.u rchla f,i bkaÈhdjg o wod< jk yd iq¾ndkd bkag¾keIk,a fldkai,agkaia w;r wdrïN lr we;s remsh,a oiñ,shk mqoa.,sl iud.u - wkd.;fha§ ux ;Sre 1 ,laIhl wdfhdack u; jk úYd, y;rla iys; m%Odk fõ.j;a ud¾.ia: m%udKfha kd.ÍlrK jevigyka hgf;a cd,hla njg jeäÈhqKq l< yels fõ.j;a ;dlaIŒlrKh jQ k.r i|yd fukau wgd,a nia r: ud¾.ia: moaO;shla taldnoaO lrñks' l%shdkaú;h i|yd jk m%;sjHqy.; lsÍu yd jd¾;d wkqj hñka" iuQydKavq rch k.r mßj¾;kh lsÍug ^tatïwd¾hQà& uq, lsó 26 l úchdjdo kd.ßl jHdmD;sh" msÍula o fõ'

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiahd oiqka

l,dlrefjl=f.a

fl<sìu

ÿka.d¾mQ¾ kqjr bkaÈhdfõ tla mer‚;u wLKavj msysá f.dvke.s,a,la iy tla mer‚;u mqoa.,sl m%didohla jk iqkaor;uhlg ksjyk fjhs

rdcia:dkfha ish¨‍u mQ¾j l=ur w.kqjr w;ßka .sksfldkÈ. bkaÈhdfõ ÿka.d¾mQ¾ iuyr úg wvqfjkau .fõIKhg ,la jQ ;ek jkakg bv we;' wrdjd,sia l÷lrfhka jg jQ th ishjia .Kkdjla mqrd ish wkkH;dj kv;a;= lr .ekSug l<ukdlrKh fufyhjd we;' rdÊmqgdkd ys fyd|u m%dido iuyrla iu.ska" th we;eï úg .Dyks¾udK idïm%odhhl

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

wiqk ke;akï l,dlrefjl=f.a fl<sìu jkakg mq¿jk' WodhSmQ¾ ys isfidaÈhdjrekaf.a nd, YdLdj fïjd¾ kqjr md,kh lrk w;r jeäuy,a YdLdj ÿka.d¾mQ¾ md,kh l< jkakg we;' rdj,a ù¾ isx foaõ ^1278-1303& jd.doa ys md,lhd njg m;a jQ úg" j¾;udk ÿka.d¾mQ¾" nkaiajdrd Èia;%slal iy WodhSmQ¾ Èia;%slalfhys pdmamdka l,dmh

uqyqK; msgqj( cQkd uy,ays ÿria;r oiqkla¦ jfï( ì;a;s is;=jula" iajNdúl j¾K iy rka l=äka lr we;" cQkd uy,a we;<;ska

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiahd oiqka

is;a n|k ñhqr,a iy l=vd is;=jï cQkd uy,ays ì;a;sj,g iqkaor;ajhla tla lrhs

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

Map not to scale

oek isàu hym;ah m súiSug fyd|u ld,h fmnrjdß iy ud¾;= < Õd jk wldrh WodhSmQ¾ odfndla .=jka f;dgqmf,a isg ÿka.d¾mQ¾ olajd lsf,daóg¾ 79 ls, m%Odk k.r iu. ÿïßh Tiafia;a wfkl=;a k.r iu. r: hd yels ud¾. Tiafia;a ukdj iïnkaê;h

hk tajdfha nyq;r ìu Tyqf.a iys;j ldur y;rlska ieÈ fouy,a cQkd uy,a rdcOdksfhys fldgia njg m;a úh' f.dvke.s,a, bÈlsÍu 1282 § mer‚ m%didofha flfiafj;;a" wo ojfia ÿka.d¾mQ¾ wdrïN úh' fuh cQkd uy,a mer‚ iy ÿka.d¾mQ¾ msysá fmfoi Bg we;=<;a fkdú‚' m%didofha iy ÿka.d¾mQ¾ k.rfha k.rfha moku kuq;a rdj,a ù¾ isx foaõ tjlg moku úh' ta w;r" rdj,a ù¾ isx 1282 § wdrïN ÿka.d¾ kd >drdka f,i ye¢kajqKq foaõ ;u w.kqjr f,i jÜmdod¾la úh fofmi Ns,a m%Odksfhl= mrojd wLkavj mj;ajd .;af;ah' n,h wdl%uKhg hg;a lr .kakd ,§' we,a,Sfuka jirla we;=<;" Tyqf.a l,dmfha md,kh mj;ajd .ekSug wkqm%dma;sl rdj,a N+pdkaoa ^1303tys ksfhdað; md,lfhl= ia:dms; lrk ,o 1331& w.kqjr ÿka.d¾ kd >drdka fj; f.k w;r yuqod n,ldhla Bg fhoú‚' fhda.H hdug ;SrKh lrk ,Èka myiqlï ixj¾Okh kjd;eka myiqlï fkdue;s ù fya;=fjk ud,s.d ixlS¾Khla iy kj w.kqjrla i|yd ldrKfha§" l+vdrï iy ne/lal lsysmhla úia;S¾K jkakg úh'

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiahd oiqka

tkhska" hqoldó jxYfha nd, Wreulref.a l,dmSh wfmalaId wkqj ÿka.d¾mQ¾ ks¾udKh lrk ,§' we;eï mqoa.,hska ÿka.d¾mQ¾ hk ku fhÿfKa rdj,a ù¾ isx foaõ w;ska mrdchg m;a Ns,a m%Odks ÿka.dßhdg miqj njg woyia m< l< o" ;j;a iuyfrl= mjikafka miqj k.r w;am;a lr .;a .=ysf,d;a md,l rdj,a ÿka. d¾ isxg miqj úh yels njhs'

cQkd uy,a fkdle<e,a iqÿ cQkd uy,a ukaÈrh fïjd¾ wÈrofha idudðlhka lsñm fofkla fn§ f.dia kj rdcOdkshla ÿka.d¾mQ¾ ys fidhd .ekSfuka miqj bÈ lrk ,oaols' Odkaudgd l÷.egfha mdofuys msysgqjk ,o" th mer‚;u wLKavj meje;au /¢

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

uqyqK; msgqj( cQkd uy,ays isú,sï fmr l=urekaf.a úia;rd;aul l;dj,ska is;=jï lr we;¦ by<( YSIa uy,a legm;a iy ùÿre len,s j, uk nok ixfhdackhlska w,xlD;h¦ my<( cQkd uy,ays u,a ksrEms; ì;=is;=jï

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiahd oiqka

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

msg;ska n,fldgqjla hqla; lrjk" cQkd uy,a ta ;=< ksoka lr we;s ì;=is;=jï" l=vd is;=jï" ùÿre iy legm;a we;sß jev j,ska jvd;au úN+Is;hlg ksjyk imhhs¦ my< ^uqyqK; msgqj&( /ðkf.a yuqùï ldurh

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiahd oiqka

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

uqyqK; msgqj( iajdñ l%sIaKd iy rdOd ksrEms; ì;a;s Ñ;%hla¦ by<( j¾Kfhka ks¾ñ; rdclSh fmryrla

f.dvke.s,sj,ska tlla jk hqoaO j," Tjqkaf.a rcoel=ï" odõrd .,ska iy w;r bkaÈhdfõ mer‚;u iudc wjia:d" foaj;ajh" iy úN+;su;a bÈlsÍï mqoa.,sl m%dido w;ßka tlla ffoksl Ôú;fha wefok ú,dihlska cQkd fõ' odõrd .,ska bÈlrk ,o" lghq;= mjd yuqfõ mßmd,k uy,a bÈlrkq tys iÔù f,aLk.; b;sydih idu¾:h ms<sno jd¾;dlrKh ,en we; wjqreÿ 700 lg jeä .Kkla fõ' cQkd uy,a ys iEu ìulau lrd Èfjk w;r is;a wÈk úYauh cklh' legm;a iy is;=jñka iy úN+;su;a bÈlsÍï leg l,d;aulj ia:dk.; ú,dihlska ieÈfhah' uy,a y;la mqrdjg lr we;s w;r ;E.s f,i ,enqKq ks,a iy úysfok Wia fõÈldjla u; f.dvkexjqKq" iqÿ bx.%Sis fmdaisf,aka M,l m%dldr ud,s.dfjys fouy,a mdoula o fõ' wvúfha u; Tínjd we;' fld< iy ks,a m<uq m%didoh f.dvkexùu 13 jk ishjfia mdf¾jd .,ska ksuejqKq cfka," miqNd.fha§ rdj,a ù¾ isx Èfhda úiska wdl¾IŒh wdrelal= iy meyeÈ,s wdrïN lrk ,§' wjYh;d mek ke.=Kq ffY,uh l=¿Kq cQkd uy,ays iy ;;a;ajh u.ska wjir fok ,o mßÈ" w,xldrhgu tla fõ' ùÿre iy md,lhka úiska Bg w;sf¾l fldgia iy ì;a;s is;=jï fïjdß ú,dihg uQ,ia:dk tla lsÍu úh' .kakd w;r ud,s.fha úúO ldur hula hful= mqÿum;a lrjkafka kï ta" w;r úys§ ir, w;súfYaIhla jud wk.s;u ì;=is;=jï" w,xldr lavq is;=jï iy mdhs' 20 jk ishjfia ueo Nd.h úN+;su;a legm;a iy ùÿre jevj,ska ieÈ olajd ud,s.h Ndú;fha mej;sks' wNHka;rhu fõ' th mQ¾j l=ur b;sydhl bkamiqj" w¿;ajeähd rys; hq.hla oDYH jd¾;dlrKh fõ" Tjqkaf.a ovhï iy lrd th weojeá‚'

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

l,dj

rcjdif,a isg ú,dis;d l+vdrï olajd ishjia .Kkla Tiafia" ldYaór W;=re i¿ rcjrekaf.a m%idoh;a fmdÿ ck;djf.a ukdmh;a tlfia yiq lr .;s joka | ,laIaó m%Nd,d

by<( úhukalre lS¾;su;a W;=re i¿j ksujhs¦ ol=fKa iy uqyqK; msgqfõ( .nvdjl m%o¾Ykh flfrk ldYaór W;=re i¿ yd ldka;d W;=re i¿

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

ldYaór W;=re i¿ ^fIda,a& tajdfha lÈu úhuk iy tïfn%dhsvß wvx.=j ksid f.da,Sh lS¾;shla Èkd we;' ÿ¾,N uDÿ f,dau úfYaIhlska w;ska úhk mrïmrd .Kkdjl mßmQ¾K;ajh ,enQ l,dlrejka w;ska flfrk tïfn%dhsvß j,ska yev jQ fuu W;=re i¿ mqoa., ;srfï ixfla;hla f,i ie,fla' fIda,a kï jpkh m¾ishdkq Id,a fhÿfuka ì£ wdjla jk w;r fIda,h Wrysia yryd kud m<¢kq ,efí' wland¾ wêrdchd úiska úYd, wkq.%yhla iemhSu;a iuÕu 16 jk Y; j¾Ifha fuda.,a ;=< ldYaór W;=re i¿ ksIamdokh wdrïN úh' i;H jYfhkau" Tyq fuu weÕ¨‍u úhufkka" idhï fmùfuka" ks¾udK ie,iqïlrKfhka fukau t;Sfuka mjd fjkilg m;a njg lreKq i|yka fõ' Tyqf.a jdif,a §" Wiia ;;a;ajfha W;=re i¿ m%idohg m;a rdcH ;dka;%slhkag yd jdi, ks,hkag ;Hd. lrk ,o nj fmfka' 18 jk ishjfia w. Nd.fha §" kef.kysr bkaÈhd iud.ug fiajh l< hqfrdamShhka ud¾. fhka Tjqkaf.a we÷ï w,audß lrd ldYaór W;=re i¿j ;u .uka u. lmd .;a;dh' fIda,h" ÿria;r ìul tys widudkH iïNjfha mgka Wiia ú,dis;d ksIamdokhla njg m;a jQjd muKla fkdj tys iSud;sl%dka; ñ, ksid mqoa., ;sru fmkajk ixfla;hla njgo m;aúh' 19 jk ishjfia wjidkh foig jkakg" ldYaór W;=re i¿j hqfrdamSh ks¾udK ie,iqïj,ska jvd;a meyeÈ,s n,mEula fmkajkakg mgka .;s'

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

l,dj

by<( ksufjñka mj;sk ldYaór W;=re i¿¦ ol=fKa( ldka;djla nyqj¾K ldYaór W;=re i¿jla me<|

ldYaórfhka tk fyd|u ;;a;ajfha W;=re i¿ le,Eno wdishdkq l÷lr t¿ úfYaIhlf. ka .kakd f,dau" kñka mdYaókd" j,ska idokq ,efí' fuu l,dmfha isisrfha W.%lug tfrys iajNdúl wdrlaIKhla f,i fuu f,dau jeiau jefõ' ldYaór W;=re i¿ i|yd Ndú; flfrk uDÿ wk.s f,dau jeiau f.dfrdaiq" ndysr lndh" i;df.a WoÍh fmfoiska tfy;a w;Hka; ie,ls,a,lska /ia lr .kq ,nk w;r th flfrkafka fï i;a;ajhd m÷re m¾j; wdÈfhys ;u f,dau msßue§u ksid bj;a jk fldgiska kuq;a fuu iajNdúl —yej ye,Su— .sïydk ld,h ,xj;au nyq,j isÿ jkakls' fuu W;=re i¿j, ishqï nj wiSre ld¾hhl iy l=i,;djl fhdaO kshe,Sul m%;sM,hls' lÈu f,dau tl;=j ksiaidrKh lr.kq ,nkafka uq¿ nßka ;=fkka tlla muK jk we;=<; f,dau iy flaY bj;a lsÍfuka miqjh' ldka;djka úiska f,dau tl;=fjka f.k kQ,a njg lák w;r mqreIhka w;ahka;%h l%shdlrjñka kQf,ka i¿jla úhfjk ;=re úhufkys fhfohs' idhï fkd.e,a jQ i¿ iajNdúl j¾Kl fhdod .ksñka j¾Kj;a fldg Èÿ,k iajNdjhlg .kS' tïfn%dhsvß rgd /.;a W;=re i¿ wï,sld¾ ke;akï wï,s kñka ye¢kafjk w;r Bg ld,h

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

jfï( ldYaór mdYaókd W;=re i¿ úhukg .kakd b¢lgq¦ my<( ixlS¾K kQ,a jev iys; tur,aâ j¾K mdYaókd W;=re i¿jla

fukau l=i,;dj o wjYH lrhs' tal j¾K ir, tla fldg uikq ,efí' bkamiqj" th tïfn%dhsvß mdYaókd W;=re i¿jl" ks¾udK ie,iqï uqLH iuÕska jvd;a meyeÈ,s rejla § t,soelafõ' ,laIK iajNdúl fld< fyda u,a j,ska wdNdIh flfiafj;;a" fï j¾. fol w;r fjkila olakg ,nd we;' ks¾udK ie,iqï msg; rduq ;jÿrg;a fiao ,efí' wKav jev iys; hka;% W;=re i¿jla fjka fyda f,dau kQ,ska Woa§mkh flf¾' ks¾udK ie,iqï fjka mgq ;Sre j,ska ks¾udKh flfrk w;r wKav ixlS¾K;d wkqj" fjkia ú,dis;dj, tïfn%dhsvß jev iys; tïfn%dhsvß W;=re i¿jla wúêu;a yev rgd Ndú; flf¾' wdß ú,dis;dj ksrka;rfhkau iys; len,s .Kkdjla tlg tla fldg ks¾udKh mdfya >k b¢lgq Ndú;fhka úYd, flfrk neúka" tl tlla W;=re i¿fõ iy jvd;a idïm%odhsl ldYaór ie,iqï mQ¾j úoeyqï j¾Kh ;=,kh lrhs' wKav jev ks¾udKh lsÍug fhdod .efkk w;r jir lsysmhlg by;" ldYaó¾ l,dj ldYaór fidiaks ú,dis;dj ixlS¾K tfy;a ikakduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd W;=re i¿ j, lÈu ie,iqï isyska b¢lgq Ndú;fhka ú,dis;d oelaula f.kd l+vdrul jvd;au jeo.;a ìys lsÍug fhda.H fõ' ,kavkfha § ldYaór W;=re i¿ me<¢ ,laIKj,ska wKav jev l,dj ldYaór W;=re ì%;dkH iy wdishdkq ksrEmsldjka tlla fõç i¿ j, jvd;au jeo.;a ,laIKj,ska fofofkl= .uka lrkq olakg ,eì‚' tlla jk w;r §¾> ;Sre we;sj hka;% bkaÈhdkq ie,iqïlrejka .Kkdjla yryd úhfõ' fï ;Sre wÕ,a 12-18 olajd ;u fm!oa.,sl ks¾udK tl;= ;=< È.= jk w;r m<, wÕ,a tlla fyda folla fõ' ldYaór W;=re i¿ m%o¾Ykh lrhs' fuu jif¾ uq, m%d:ñl hka;% ;=< ks¾udKh jk" fuu ie,iqï ;Sre yßfha" fyauka;a iy kkaÈ;d ks¾udK ie,iqï hqj<" wk;=rej wjYH È.g wkqj lmd .efkk w;r ueiau iamd[a[ weußldkq lïì,s tl;=jla bÈßm;a l< uq¿ukskau fkdfmkfk ;rug ishqïj ta len,s w;r ck ks¾udK uqøKhlska fyì fmdfrdakhla tlafldg w;ska uikq ,efí' len,s fjka fjkaj jeks ta W;=re i¿j" firdmh" weuika bkaÈhd úhjkq úh yels w;r" úúO ;rfï úúO yevfhka ú,dis;d i;sfha § bÈßm;a jQ ldYaór wNdIh iys; lmd wk;=rej fjkia úp,khka ksuejqï jk mßÈ Èÿ,k j¾K tluq;=jla úh'

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

l,dj

úiañ;h ks¾udKh lsÍu"

ldKavfhka ldKavh

bkaÈhdj f,dalfha úYd,;u uqøs; frÈ ldKav jYfhka ksIamdokh iy wmkhkh lrk rgj,a w;ßka tlls joka |

jdks u,sla

jDlaI j, isg i;a;ajhska olajd cd;Hka;r f.dvke.s,s olajd fï ish,a, bkaÈhdkq w;ska ksujk ldKav uqøK ks¾udK ie,iqï ;=< udj;la fidhd .kS

bkaÈhdkq ldKav uqøKh ms<sn| m<uq i|yk 12 jk ishji lrd f.k hd yelsh' ld,h Tiafia" rfÜ ol=Kq" ngysr iy kef.kysr fjr<nv fmfoia Wiia ;;a;ajfha w;ska l< ldKav uqøs; frÈ i|yd m%p,s; jkakg jQ w;r jeä l,la fkdhd bkaÈhdkqjka f.da,Sh uÜgfï ldKav uqøs; frÈ i|yd úYd,;u ksIamdolhka iy

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

wmkhklrejka njg m;aúh' bkaÈhdj ;=< fuu l,dj msì§ug fya;=j jQfha th rdcH uÜgñka ms<s.ekSug ,laùuhs' bkaÈhdj ;=<" j¾. ;=kl ldKav uqøKh È.= ld,hla ;siafia Ndú; ù we;' m<uqjekak froao ^fiao fyda lmq& úrxckh iy wk;=rej idhïfmùu lrk Rcq uqøKhhs' bkslaì;sj" m<uqj

msg; rduqj ioyd jk wÉpqjla iy miqj fhdod k.r .Kkdjlau ksr; úh' fidaod.sß uqøK .kakd j¾K msrjqï wÉpq Ndú; lrñka uqøKh hkqfjka y÷kajk ueá m%;sfrdaOl ;dlaIKh flf¾' fojekak idhïj,ska wdrlaId l< hq;= Ndú; lrñka ixlS¾K w,a,s iy uqøs; frÈms<s fmfoia ueá iy ,dgq ñY%Khlska wdjrKh lrk ks¾udKh lsÍu fjkqfjka m%dka;fha mdhs;dmQ¾ m%;sfrdaO uqøKhhs' th bka wk;=rej idhïj,ska ys mjq,a lS¾;su;a ù we;' wÊrdla" tkï cHdñ;sl fmdÕjk w;r wdrlaIs; fmfoiaj, bß;e,Sï rgd /.;a ldKav uqøs; frÈms<s i|yd ;j;a w;ßka ldjÈk idhñka Bg ,efnk /<s;s fmkqu .ïudkhla" tkï Oduoald lS¾;su;ah' l=É iuÕska ksIamdokh flfrhs' jeä l,dmfha" ckm%sh rgdj,g i;=ka" ks¾udK ie,iqï lsÍug fuh wkq. l=re,a,ka yd k¾;kfha fhfok w;ska ksIamdÈ; ukh flf¾' f;jekak úi¾ck .eyeKq <uqka we;=<;ah' m%dka;fha ldKav uqøK uqøKh jk w;r tys § uq,ska froao wfkl=;a ckm%sh w;ska ksujk frÈ i|yd uq¿ukskau idhï fmdjhs" wk;=rej ldKav frÈ uOHia:dk jkafka jvd;au lemS ie,iqfuys wfkl=;a j¾K j,ska Njk.¾" cïkd.¾" fmdankaod¾" fmfkk Èiaúh hq;= fmfoia u;= lr .ekSu fc;amQ¾ iy rdÊfldÜ h' uOHia:dk i|yd ridhkhla Ndú;fhka idhï rdcia:dkfha" w;ska ksujk jkafka .=crdgh bj;a flfrhs' fuu fmfoia kej; ldKav uqøKh ;ukagu wdfõ‚l yd rdcia:dkhhs moï lsÍula flfrk w;r túg ;dlaIK" ks¾udK ie,iqï iy kej; j¾K .ekaúh yelsh' j¾K moaO;s ms<sn|j mqridrï w;ska ksIamdÈ; ldKav uqøK frÈ lshk fjkia l,dm yd ne÷Kq tla i|yd jvd;au lemS fmfkk uOHia:dk jkafka uqÿkskau ms,s.eKqkq frÈms<s Ys,amhls' ika.dk¾ .=crdgh yd rdcia:dkhhs' i;H jYfhkau" 17 uqøs; lmq we| we;sß,s" nquq;=reKq" iy idß i|yd jk ishji lrd È. w;S;hla isys l< yels idhï m%p,s; jk w;r tys§ uq,ska msg; rduq uqøKh .e,a jQ iy uqøs; le,sfldaia ^u,a ks¾udK ie,iqï lsÍu;a wk;=rej j¾K msrùu;a flfrk fihl=;a kej; kej;;a oelsh yels ;Èka úhuk l< nd.are tys ksujk odnq iy iHdys fn.d¾ uqøK lmq frÈ& wmkhkh wdrïN lsÍfuys .=crdgfha i|yd m%p,s; jk w;r tys,d odnqj, w÷re

wE; jfï( u,a rgd iys; Wvqlh jeiaula iy idhla ye| isák ksrEmsldjla¦ jfï( w;ska ksujk ,o ldKav uqøs; ldka;d idGlhla¦ my<( nyqj¾K w;a ldKav uqøKhla wvx.= l=,sÉpï jeiaula

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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l,dj

by< isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg( w;a ldKav uqøKh i|yd Ndú; flfrk oej wÉpq l=Üáhla¦ w;a ldKav uqøK l,dlrefjl= uef,aishdfõ lajd,d,ïmQ¾ ys 2011 bkag%dâ wka;¾cd;sl fj<| uef,aishdj m%¾Ykfha §¦ frÈ lene,a,la u; rgdjla uqøKh lrk ldka;djla

ÿUqre ly meyehla fyda l%Sï meyehla l¿ iuÕ ixfhdackhla bÈßm;a lrk úg iHdys fn.d¾ j, fldgia ,dgq wdf,amhlska iÕjd uqøKh flfrk ixfhdackhla bÈßm;a lrk fihl=;a fmfka' fndfyduhla bkaÈhdkq Ys,am fukau" w;ska ksujk ldKav uqøKh mrïmrdjlska B<Õ mrïmrdj fj;g Wreu lr foa' ñá" úÈk iy l=vd kshka we;=<;a fuj,ï lÜg,hlska f;alal l=Üáhl ixlS¾K rgd fyda ks¾udK ie,iqï leghï lrk w;r Bg oejuh w,a¨‍jla o iú flf¾' fuu wÉpq l=Üá ;rñka úúO fõ' kuq;a fuu oejuh wÉpq l=Üá Ndú; lsÍug fmrd;=j" uqøK l%shdj,sfha úh<s ;;a;ajj,g ksrdjrkh jk úg oejh msmsÍ fkdhk njg ;yjqre lr .ekSug wn f;f,ys nyd i;shla muK fmdÕjd .kq ,efí' ldKav uqøK l%shdj,sh ld,h mßfNdackh lrk tlla jk w;r Bg l=i,;dj iy lKavdhï jev wjYH lrhs' ldKav uqøK frÈ l,dfõ m%Odk fuj,ï ;=k oejuh wÉpq l=Üá" wuq frÈ iy idhï j¾. fõ' w;;a wei;a iïnkaëlrKh flfrk

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

ixlS¾K w;a ldKav uqøKhla

úiañ;hla iuÕska" m<uq ldKavh froafoa ye¢kafjk frÈms<s jevlrejka mkacdnfha u,a my< jï fldkg tfl,s lrkq ,efí' ;shqKq iy cHdñ;sl ks¾udK ie,iqï lrk w;r wdkaød ;Ügqjlska froao u;g odnq ^uekúka y,d Èh uqiq m%foaYa ishque<s ld,dïldß ^yia; is;=jï iy l< l¿ ueá" .ia ,dgq" iy ;sßÕ=‍ msá tla fldg ldKav uqøKfha ixfhdackhls& is;=jï ks¾udKh ñY%Kh lsÍfuka idok fi!uH wdf,amhla& uqod lsÍug ldKav uqøK úêl%uh fhdod .ekSfï yef¾' fuu l%shdj,shu froafoa È.g iy m<,g ksjiakh fõ' ngysr fnx.d,fha fiardïmQ¾ úysfok mßÈ wLKavj flf¾' Èia;%slalfha w;ska ksujk me,a,ï we;s ùfuka ks¾udK ldKav uqøK l,dlrejka me,a,ï we;s ùfuka ie,iqu j<lajd .kq ms‚i" iuld,Sk iy idïm%odhsl ks¾udK ie,iqu uqøKh l< ú.i odnqj u; isyska ks¾udK ie,iqï nqyqá iy j<lajd .kq ms‚i" ,S l=vq úisÍula lrkq ,efí' bka Èÿ,k whqßka ks¾udKh lrhs' uqøKh l< ú.i wk;=rej uqøs; fldgi ;jÿrg;a f.da,Sh krUkakka jeäjk odnqj u; isyska ,S l=vq flrk idhï fmùïj,ska úlD;s fõ.hlska mßir iú[a[dKl úisÍula lrkq ,efí fkdjkq ms‚i uqød ;eîula fjñka isák hq.hl" fuu flf¾' ,S l=vq úiqrejd.;a jydu" hq. hq. mqrd;k l,d Ys,amh" froao bj;g f.k úh<Su i|yd mßir ñ;=re jdisodhl;aj ysre t<sfha ;efnhs' j,ska ix;Dma; ù ;sfnk kuq;a mßmQ¾K .=crdgh iy rdcia:dkh yereKq fldg" ks¾udK ie,iqï iy ks¾udKd;aul ksmehqï l,d Ys,amh mkacdí" ngysr fnx.d,h" wdkaød ìys lsÍu i|yd iajNdúl iy t<j¿ uQ,dY% m%foaYa" W;a;¾ m%foaYa" uydrdIag% iy uOH j,ska .;a idhïj¾. Ndú;h ksid f,daljHdma; m%foaYa m%dka;j, o ke.S wdfõh' Ñïnd kñka ckm%sh;djla Èkd f.k we;'

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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bjqï msyqï

iqck;djfha

wiajekakla

ul¾ ixl%dka;s" ix.ï hq.h olajd wE;g od;u l< yels fm!rd‚l wiajkq ux.,Hhls" §jd,s iuÕska tys uia;lhg <Õdjk bkaÈhdkq W;aij iufha mgka .ekau fyd¢ka w¾: .kajkq úh yelsh joka | uOq,sld odYa

bkaÈhdkq W;aij ms<sn| uk ne| .kakd me;slv kï" ieurefï § oelsh yels iqúi,a mßudKh" tajdfha iïNjh foajl;d mqrdK iy mqrdjD;a; ;=< .s,S we;s nj fndfyda wh fidhd .kakd úg mjd" tajd tl tlla hymeje;au iy iajNdjh flfrys fnfyúka msß is;sú,s iuÕska ixrlaIKh ù we;s njhs' WodyrKhla f,ig ul¾ ixl%dka;s .kak' bkaÈhdj mqrd fjkia fjkia kï j,ska okakd - ;ñ,akdvqfõ fmdka.,a" mkacdnfha f,daß" weiEufha ud.a îyq" ìydrfha ixl%dka;a iy ngysr fnx.d,fha mjqIa - jk úYd,;u wiajkq ux.,Hh msgqmi mqrdjD;a;h iy úoHdj iudk fõ'

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

.cdlake;akï ;, wegyl=re

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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bjqï msyqï

ol=fKa isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg( fmaks¦ mdáIdmagd msf;a¦ wdkaød m%foaYa j, ksmefhk iya msá rileú,a,la

- th wÈhr ks¾jpkh lrhs' fm!rd‚l ffjÈl idys;Hh úYajdi lrkafka kï" ix.ï hq.fha uq,a wjÈfha mgka .eKqkq W;aijh msgqmi we;s woyi" yqfolau kj lDIsld¾ñl jdrhla ^ld,h Tiafia yskaÿ kj j¾Ih njg m;a úh& wdrïN ùu ieuÍu muKla fkdj kuq;a mer‚ wdydr whs;u fyd¢ka mßfNdackh lr w¿;a f;d. i|yd fï ld,mßÉfPoh ;=< §" iQ¾hhd - ffjÈl bv wjldY ie,iS we;s nj ;yjqre lsÍug wOHhkfha § n,Yla;sh iy mDÓúh u; Ôjh o fõ' t<suyka .sksue, W;aijfha taldnoaO ms<sn| tlu jeo.;a uQ,dY%h f,i fldgila ùug ldrKh fuh ie,l=ï ,nhs - ish ys;=jlaldr fõ' ck;djg mer‚ fohska wE;a mq;=" Idks fj; Èk lsysmhlg ùug bv i,ik k.r uOHfha mer‚ fohg msúfik njla mejfia' fuu .sksue, ;ju;a rgmqrd ul¾ bÈßhg hdug iQ¾h p,kh foaY.=K fjkilska ixl%dka;s idïm%odhfha taldnoaO bv§u ;ju;a m%;sM,h jk w;r ksn|j mdfya fldgila fõ' ul¾ ixl%dka;s È.= iy WKqiqï Èjd l,hlska o fuh - f.dúfhl=f.a m%Odk ieurefuys wvqfjka iS;, rd;%S ld,hlska ksIamdok - iy,a" ;sßÕ=‍" ;," fldgila ù o i,l=Kq fjhs( .sïydkh <Õd yl=re" fmd,a" Wla" lsß wdÈh ;sfí ùfï ix{djla iy wiajkq - m%dka; yryd idïm%odhsl fk,Sfï mgka .ekau wdrïN ixl%dka;s ieuÍfï § Ndú; jk njg ix{djla o fõ' flfiafj;;a" lrk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrk w;r tla pl%h iïmQ¾K ùug o wiajkq fk,Su jH;sf¾lhla o fõ( tkï weiEuhhs¦ tys mgka .ekSug o hï ld,hla .; fõ' ul¾ idïm%odhsl ud.a îyq wdydrhg W!reuia" ixl%dka;s - Èk folla y;rla mqrd ieuf¾ ud¿ iy fldaßid .dfydaß ^WK fudfghshka

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

iu. msisk ,o W!reuia&" mdfgdÜ Èhd udia ^flfi,a fld<fha T;d yqud,fhka ;eïnQ ud¿&" c¨‍la Èhd l=l=rd uekaflda ^weiEï ú,dis;dfõ ñßia fh¥ l=l=¿ uia& iy ldð f,auq ^weiEï f,uka& jeks l=l=¿ uia §is we;=<;a fõ' kuq;a iEu l,dmhla u ksoyfia N=la;s ú£ug yels fjkia fukqjla msßkuhs' uydrdIag%fha § jeksj" ul¾ ixl%dka;s iksgqyka lrk wdydr fõ," kejqï .sf;,a" fNda.sÖ Ndð iy nÊßÖ NdlaÍ iuÕ fiajd lrk á,a ,âvQ iy .=,dÑ fmda,s ^jdrfha kejqï yl=re" lrl< OdkH msá" ;, weg msá iy lrouqx.= jeks iqj|ldrl l=¿nvq j,ska msrjqï ,nk ;=kS lefvk iq¿ pmd;s& j,ska iukaú; jkq we;' Ô¾Khg myiq kuq;a rifhka wkQk" fuu wdydrh ir, niska mji;fyd;a m%Œ; jk w;r lf,.=Kh fjkia jk w;=r;a hful= fi!LH iïmkakj ;nd .ekSug fhda.H fõ' yl=re mßmQ¾K me‚ir ldrlhla jkjdg wu;rj" Ô¾Kl moaO;sh .sïydkhg iy tys n,mEïj,g iQodkï lrk mßmQ¾K iQmfõ§h úIydrlhla f,i ieuÍfuys

jfï isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg úreoaO Èidjg( ;, weg" yl=re iy .cdla ieureu i|yd¦ á,a fla ,âvq

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bjqï msyqï

w;HjYH fldgila ks¾udKh lrk á,a ^;, weg& iy .+¾ ^yl=re& j, iquOqr ixfhdackh wdhQ¾fõofhys wdYxikhg ,la fjhs' ngysr fnx.d,fha §" mjqIa kñka ul¾ ixl%dka;s ieufrk ;ekla we;akï" merŒ m%sh;uhka jk ¥oa mQ,s ^iq.kaO lsfrys nyd Æ ;=kS iy,a mEkaflala&" mQ,s msf;a" f.dal=,a msf;a" máIdma;d msf;a iy ;j;a foa jeks we;=¿ w;=remi ri lsÍug flcQ¾ .+¾ ^rgb¢ yl=re& nyq,j Ndú; flf¾' ieurefuys wx.hla f,i iQ¾h foúhka Wfoid flfrk m%idoï mQcdfjys á,a iy .+¾ ieuúgu tlaj isák wuqøjH folls' th l¾Kdglfha § ñ;%;ajfha pdß;%hla f,i fnod fok á,a ^;, weg&" Y¾lrd ^yl=re&" úh<s fmd,a iy rg lcq j, fmdfydi;a ñY%Khla jk t,a¨‍ fn,a,d fyda ìydrfha" cd¾ldkaoa iy W;a;¾ m%foaYa ys úfYaI kejqïj fk,d .;a iy,la" Wla me‚" yl=re" .d .;a fmd,a" flfi,a" úh<s m,;=re iy lsß uqiq fldg ido ukdj okakd ulr fpda,d jkakg bv yßkak' uo .skafka fiñka msisk" l=¿ nvq wvqfjka fhdok" W;a;¾ m%foaYa ys wdydrhla jk

rdcia:dks f.aj¾

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

ul¾ ixl%dka;sh ms<sn| o;a; ●●

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ul¾ ixl%dka;s Èk" iQ¾hhd lemaßfldaka fyj;a ulr rdYshg we;=,a fõ' fuÈk Èjd rd;%S ld, iudk jk nj úYajdi flfrk w;r W;aij úIqjh Èkg fhfoa f.%.ßhka Èk o¾Ykhg wkqj" fuh iEu j¾Ihlu tu Èkfha fhfok W;aij lsysmh w;ßka tlla mu‚ W;a;¾ m%foaYa iy flar<fha § ul¾ ixl%dka;sh idudkHfhka l=ïN fï,dj wdrïNh igyka lrk w;r fuu iqn Èkh wjika lrkafka Yíßud,d fjks uydrdIag%h ;=<" fuu Èkfha § y,aÈ l=ïl=ï i|yd újdyl ldka;djkag ksfji wdrdOkh flf¾

fldaßid .dfydaß

lsÉä" tys fmdfydi;a kuq;a ir, rih ksid nj fmfkkq we;' fuys §" wßfia¨‍" iy,a msá ksrka;rfhkau b,a¨‍ug md;% fõ' tys wkkH iy yl=re úfYaIh iy wfkl=;a iy,a iy lsß rih th msiSug .kakd moï l< yÜáhg iy w;=remi idudkH foa jk w;r pla,sia iy á,a Ndú; lrk iy,g" tkï ks;ru mdfya m<uq pla,sia o ta f.dv jefÜ' lemSfuka f.k len,s lr .kakd iy,g" lv flfiafj;;a" ixl%dka;sh ;=< l=¾l=ud iy,g" wdfrdamKh flf¾' rdcia:dkfha §" hkqfjka ye¢kafjk msms iy,a wksjd¾h fõ' W;aijh wdydr rildókaf.a ;=ka th mkacdnh" flar<h" .=crdgh" Èk lghq;a;la njg m;a flfrk W;a;¾ m% foaYa iy ngysr fnx.d,h ;ek" W;aijfha wdrïNh ks;ru ;=< f,daß ld,fha § wuq;a;kag W;aijfha ;sìh mdfya ;SrKh lrkq ,nkafka msßkefuk lg.eiauj, fldgila hq;=u fohla fj<|mf,a y;= msfmkakdla jk w;r" l=¾l=ud ,âvq ^ri l< kï l=¾l=ud jeks u;=jk frÈms<s" wdNrK msms iy,a fnda,& Èj ke;akï msms iy WmfhdacH NdKav wf,ú mskùug jvd;a jà' iy,ah l=á iuÕsks' ixl%dka;s Èkfha §" á,a .+¾ hkq ;=kajk f.aj¾" fmaks" .cdla" á,a-mdÜá" l=f,da;=ka.d fpda, mefldafâ iy lS¾ jeks wdydr rcqf.a uq¿;ekaf. ieliSug úYd, ldvdys n÷ka ñ,§ .efka' bkaø hska bmso .sksue, iy k¾;k foúhkaf.a fldam úhrefjka ;u ;ï jeishkag ne,Sug meñ‚ ckldhg msßkeuqKq /ljrKh ie,iSug iajdñ l%sIaKd f.daj¾Oka nj;a" l=¾l=ud ,âvq iaj¾. m¾j;h Tijk úg" Tyqf.a m%sh;u WoEik kdrdhk iqyqkauqka kï wdfydï wdydrh f.aj¾ jQ njg mqrdjD;a; .;ù we;' rcq úiska ux.,H l=áhg meñ‚ hfula ul¾ ixl%dka;s iïNjh ,enQfõ ckldhg msßkuk ,o rdclSh hhs mejfik ol=Kg ne,au fy,kafka kï kfjda;amdkohla nj;a mqrdjD;a; ux.,Hh jvd;a hym;a iy iy,a mokï tlla j, i|yka fõ'

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iS;, udi w;f¾ fuu b;d m%Œ; wdydrmdk ri ú¢kak

id¾fidka ldid.a ^wn fld< iuÕska ksú;s& ms<sfh, lsÍfï ld,h úkdä 30 msiSfï ld,h meh tlhs ms<s.ekaùu 4 fofkl=g wjYH øjH wn fld< ls.%E 1 ^id¾fidka ldid.a&" ksú;s .%Eï 500" c,h fldamam 1" wuq ñßia 3" rig wjYH mßÈ ¨‍Kq" .sf;,a fïi ye¢ 5" lmd .;a f,dl= ÆKq 1" ;,d.;a iqÿ ÆKq ìla 08" lmd.;a bÕ=‍re wÕ,a 2 l lene,a,la" ulals ld wdgd msá fïi ye¢ 4 ^f.dfrdaiqjg l=vqlr.;a bßÕ=‍ uo&" ieriSug ng¾ fïi ye¢ 1 idok l%uh wn fld< uy; jQ uDÿ kdrá iys; úh hq;=h' tajd fidaod .kak' kdrá by<ska uola lvd È.g my,g we§fuka fmd;= .id .kak' fl¢ rys; m%Óm,h ;yjqre lr .ekSug fld< isyskaj lmd .kak' ksú;s fidaodf.k isyskaj lmd.kak' mSvk W÷kg c,h oud kgjd .kak' wn fld< " ksú;s yd wuq ñßia tl;= lr.kak' m%udKh úYd, nj fmkqko fldgia j,g fjka lr.ksñka th yelsf<k úg wks;a fldgi tl;= lrkak' ish¿u fld< Ndckhg oeuQ úg" ¨‍Kq yd wjYH kï c,h uola tl;= lrkak' mSvkh ,nd§ ^m,uq k,dy~& uo ;dmfhka úkdä 30 muK msi .kak'

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

mshk bj;alr jeämqr c,h jdIam jk f;la msi .kak' isis,a ùug yer ñY%K hka;%hg udre lrkak' f.dfrdaiqjg fhdohla f,i fmdä lr .kak' fhdohla f,i fmdä lr.;a id.a kej; yÜáhg oud uo .skafka msi.kak' fjk;a yÜáhlg .sf;,a oud" ÆKq ,d ÿUqre jkf;la neo .kak' iqÿ ÆKq yd bÕ=‍re tl;=lr rkajka ÿUqre jkf;la neo.kak' id.a j;alr úkdä 10 muK"fkdkj;ajd ye¢ .dñka msiSkak' ulals ld msá jrlg fïi ye¢ 1 id.a u; bi" iEu tl;=jlgu miq fyd¢ka ye¢ .dkak' ;dmh wvqlr id.a tl ,d ly yd >kjk f;la ;j;a úkdä 10 msiskak' th ix.%y lsÍfï §ishlg udre lrkak' thg ng¾ iaj,amhla oud ulals lS frdá iuÕska WKqiqïju ms<s.kajkak'

ulals lS frdá ms<sfh, lsÍfï ld,h úkdä 10 msiSfï ld,h úkdä 30 ms<s.ekaùu 4 fofkl=g wjYH øjH ulals ld msá fldamam 2" ¨‍Kq fïi yekaola" fmrka.d.;a iqÿ rdnq 1" lerï weg ^wcjdhska& fïi ye¢ 1/2 " wjYH muK c,h" f;,a fïi ye¢ 4" ng¾ fïi ye¢ 3 idok l%uh ulals ld msá n÷klg oukak' ¨‍Kq" rdnq yd lerï weg tl;= lr ñY% lrkak' uÈka uo c,h tl;= lr msá .=,shla ieÈug wkkak' msá .=,sh n÷ka j,g fnokak' f;;a w;ska uDÿ moula ,efnk ;=re w;=,a,kak' frdá leãu je,elaùu i|yd wjYH kï mukla c,h jvd;a biskak' wkd.;a msá .=,sh f;;a ma,diaála m;alvlg oukak' wÕ,lska wfgka tll >klug rjqï frdáhla fia ;,d.kak' msá .=,sh we,Su je,elaùug weÕs,s c,fha Tnd f;ud .kak' frdá ;eáh ^gdjd& r;alr" ma,diaála m;alv ;eáhg ,xlr m%‍fõiñka ;eáhg udrelrkak' me;a;la msÉfpk ;=re uo .skafka msi.kak' uola f;,a ;jrd wks;a me;a;o msi.kak' WKq frdá j, ng¾ ;jrkak' blaukska ix.%y lrkak' wkq.%yh ( úfYaIs; rihka( w;=re lEu" Wiia f;a j¾." uoHidr uqiqjQ mdk" bÈßm;a lf<a kjÈ,a,sfhys" úfoaY lghq;= ^wud;HxYfha& fiajdjks;d ix.ufha bjqï msyqï fmd;a fmf,ys fldgila weiqßks

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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úúO;ajhlska hq;a ffY,S fjkqfjka jeä jqKq reÑhla ork bkaÈhdkq iskud rislhkaf.a kerUqï jrK j, fjkia ùu úoHd nd,ka úiska iïudkkh lrhs joka | wd¾;S lmQ¾ isx

úoHd nd,ka N+ñld ks¾jpkh lrkjdg jvd jQ rdhsud" wef.a ñ‚msßh th l< hq;=hhs lshd"— tajd m%;sks¾jpkh lsÍfuys jvd;au i;=gq fjhs' weh mjihs' oYlhlg fmr mßkS;d ys wef.a rx.dj;rKfha flfiafj;;a" úoHd rx.Ys,amskS .S;d nd,s pß;h isg t;rï id¾:l fkdjQ fndî ceiQia olajd" fjkqfjka urd;s iskud mghl" tala w,afí,d mgfha weh th lf<a úiañ; ix.;sl;ajhlsks' rx. úfYaI fmkS isàula i|yd rÕmEug tlÕ ù we;' Ys,amsfhl=f.a Wmß id¾:l;ajh kï tu N+ñlj fï wmodk iskud mgh" miq.sh jif¾ k¿ Nd.jka i|yd fjk wfhl= wdfoaY lr n,kakg odod" fï k¿-wOHlaI jrhdf.a miq Ôú; ld,fha rislhkag fkdyelsùuhs' úoHd uqyqK mE wiSre;d úfYaIfhka .S;d nd,s rx.kh l< ish¨‍u pß; ;=< rÕmE 1951-ñhqisl,a w,afí,d ks¾udKh ß§ ;srh u; wehf.a wêldrh tajdfha uqød lsÍfï § uqyqK mE foaj,a wkqf¾LKh úoHdf.a rej fldg ;nd we;' újdyfhka miqj" lr olajhs' —th úfYaI fmkS isàula ksuejqï ish,a, úoHd ;ud fj; wd mejreï wdmiq i|yd jqj;a nqnq<k pß;hla rÕmEug ;=< wehf.a yrjd hejQ w;r ókd l=udß iy ,eîu f.!rjhla"— weh mjihs' wêldßh uqød iqÑ;%d fika hk ks<shkaf.a" ysgmq bkaÈhdkq iskudj iuÕ hkakka ;=< .; fldg ;sfí bka§h w.%dud;H bkaÈrd .dkaê" úúO;ajhlska hq;= ffY,S i|yd jeäjk iqmsß fmd,sia ;rej lsrdka fíä" reÑhla iys;j kerUqï jrKj, .dhsld tï tia iqínq,laIaó" iy fjkila isÿ ù we;ehs wehg yefÕa' — ysgmq mdlsia;dk w.%dud;H fnkdiS¾ nQf;da jeks rÕy,aj, iy p,k Ñ;% i|yd jQ uqïndhs welvñh wmodk iskud mg 10 la ;rï .Kklska iSud jeks Wf<,j,§;a ;j ;j;a wvq whjeh Ñ;%mg jkakg fhduq jQjdh' —uu iqÑ;%d fika wmodk oeka oeka uqodyefrhs" taksid foaj,a oeka hym;g mskud mgfha ;sr rpkhg we¨‍ï l<;a ug yefrñka ;sfí"— úoHd ksÍlaIKh lrkakSh' —uqïndhs yeÕKd ug wef.a pß;hg .e,fmk YdÍßl welvñ Wf<, úiauh cklhs' ud l,ska welvñfha iduHhla keye lsh,d' ug yeÕ=‍Kd weh jf.au jevj,g f.dia ;sfnk kuq;a fï ixialrKh

ckjdß-fmnrjdß 2016

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jfï( bka§h ckdêm;s wdpd¾h m%kdí uqL¾ð úoHd nd,ka fj; moau Y%S iïudkh msßkuñka¦ ol=fKa( úoHd fnd,sjqvfha úúO pß; /il

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úfYaI tlla jqKd fudlo bkaÈhdkq fodrgqj f;dard .;a;dh' weh 2015 § iskud l¾udka;hg iudrïNl wjia:dfõ l¾udka;h ;=< m%Odk oYlhla iïmQ¾K l< ksid tu jir úoHdg fmf<a mqoa.,hka iuÕ uKav,h ;=< isàu úfYaI ie,lsh hq;= tlla úh' f.da,Sh fõÈldjla jQ ksid' cQßfha idudðldjla úÈyg" l=i,;d oel u; bkaÈhdkq iskudj ms<sn|j Èßu;a lsÍfuys ud mqÿu jqKd' ta jf.au" Ñ;%mg f;aÍu úiauh weh bÈßhg;a ksr; jk njg mjihs' wef.a ckl fohla jqKd' ud mqÿum;a ld,hla f.õjd"— ia;%S;ajfhka jevu hula lrñka" úoHd" rx.k úoHd mjihs' Ys,amskshl f,iska muKla fkdj mqoa.,fhl= lydks ys wehf.a wkqfõokSh f,iska o" ,sx. iudkd;au;dj pß;fha fõjd" ke;akï o v¾á m%j¾Okh lsÍug jev lr we;' mslap¾ ys is,ala iañ;d f,iska tl È.gu wd y;rjk wjqreoafoa;a" weh 2015 id¾:l;ajh Wfoid idyisl 2012 § wdrïN jqKq fu,afnda¾ka § iskud msmdih fmkajoa§ fõjd" tfia;a bkaÈhdkq iskud Wf<f,a uqyqK l¾udka;hg ke;akï md ys iajdëk ;ksjQ uj jYfhka úoHd oel .kakg yels oYlhla jQ úg fõjd" úoHd úh' fuu jir" úoHd fhdackd iïmQ¾K l< yeuúgu weh úYajdi l< mßÈ —iudkd;au;dj— f;audj ksid tu jir l< foa fjkqfjka lrf.k ;sfí' —iudkd;au;dj .ek úoHdg ie,lsh ke.S isáhd - iudc ud yg yef`.kafka w;sYh WfoHda. hq;= tlla úh w.hhka fukau ,sx. hlska''' wo oji jk úg" ksoyia iy wiudk;dj ys;du;du iudkd;au f,djlg jeä wka hula lvd ì| ouñka lghq;= l<dh' úOdkd;aul fkdfõ' ud úYajdi lrkjd l,dj uE;l§ m%isoaO W;aijhl §" —fuu iy iskudj folgu Ñ;a; ieliqï iy wdl,am f.!rjh cd;sfhka msßkeuqKq tlla" fjkia lsÍug;a ;;a;aj .; lsÍug WmldÍ ta ñi rcfhka fok ,oaola fkdfõ"— ùug;a yelshdj ;sfnkjd lshd' wmj ks¾jpkh hkqfjka mjiñka" wef.a cd;sl lrk úúO;ajh iurñka iy je<| .ksñka" uE; iïudkh wdmiq Ndr§u m%;slafIam ld,fha § úiauh msß iskud mg oelSfuka ud lrñka r<g tfrysj msyskkakg wêl m%S;shg m;ajqKd"— weh mjihs'

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