India perspectives may june 16tamil by Indian Diplomacy

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CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 fUj;J my;yJ Nfs;tpfspw;F:

indiaperspectives@maxposure.in

Nfs;tpfspw;F | MMGIPL njh: +91.11.43011111 njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

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Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

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Nk - a+d; 2016

tha;e;j ehL ghJfhg;G xj;Jiog;gpw;Fk; neUf;fkhff; nfhz;L tUk;. ,J rk;ge;jkhf> Cf;fk; jUk; tifapy; KbntLj;Js;sJ. upahj; ,jaj;jpy; tHj;jf rt+jp Nrk;gH]; ,e;jf; $l;Ltpahghuk; ,uhZt mjpfhupfs; FOtpy; 30 caHkl;l rt+jp jiyik kw;Wk; epGzHfs;> $l;L ,uhZt epHthf mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa tzpf gapw;rpfis elj;Jjy;> fg;gy;fs; kw;Wk; jiytHfSld; Nkhbapd; re;jpg;G ,e;jpahtpd; tpkhdq;fspd; tUiffisg; gupkhWjy;; fijia khw;w xU Kf;fpakhd eltbf;if kw;Wk; MAjk; kw;Wk; ntbnghUl;fspd; MFk; kw;Wk; cyfpd; Ntfkhf tsHe;J $l;L tsHr;rp Mfpatw;iw tUk; nghUshjhuj;jpy; toq;Fk;. tisFlh kw;Wk; njhopy; Guptjw;F Rygkhf ,e;J rKj;jpug;; gFjpapy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;jpahtpy; Rygkhf ,U ehLfSk; fly; ghJfhg;G xj;Jiog;ig njhopy; Guptjw;fhd tha;g;ig fly; ghJfhg;igg; mjpfupf;f ,U ehLfSk; jkJ mjpfupf;f mtuJ mHg;gzpg;ig gyg;gLj;j jq;fs; vz;zj;ij mwptpg;gJld; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;LfpwJ> gpujkH tpUg;gj;ij fly;rhH ghJfhg;G> Nkhbapd; tp[ak; kpfTk; mjpfupf;fg;gl;l Kidg;ig gutyhd nghUshjhu cwit mwptpj;Js;sd ngWkhW mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. Vw;gLj;jp> $l;L KjyPLfs; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;jpaJ tzpfg;; gpizg;G kw;Wk; GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f vuprf;jp Nghd;w upahj; efupy; Ngr;RthHj;ijapy; ,e;jpah-rt+jp Gjpa gFjpfspy; Ma;T nra;fpwJ. cwTfspd; ju khw;wk; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. â&#x20AC;&#x153;ngw;Nwhypaj;jpy; ,Ue;J GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f mJ ghJfhg;G cyfpdpy; kl;Lky;yhky;> vuprf;jp> cs;fl;likg;G> ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; mtHfspd; nghUshjhu gq;ifAk; tptrhak; tiu> vq;fs; xj;Jiog;G tpupTgLj;Jk;. mJ ,U ehLfisAk; tpuptila xU kpfg;ngupa tha;g;G cs;sJ"

gpujkHNkhbf;FcaHkupahij upahj;JlDk; tisFlhg; gFjpAlDkhd cwTfis Mog;gLj;Jk; jdJ nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy;> rt+jp kd;dH fpq; ry;khd; gpd; mg;Jy; m[p]; jdJ ehl;bd; kpf caHe;j nghJkf;fs; tpUjhd kd;dH mg;Jy; m[P]; rh]; tpUij gpujkH Nkhbf;F toq;fpdhH. tpUJf;F etPd rt+jp khepy epWtduhd mg;Jy; m[P]; my; nrsj;jpd; ngauplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j rpwg;G kupahijAld;> Nkhb mnkupf;f [dhjpgjp guhf; xghkh> gpupl;b\; gpujkH Nltpl; Nfk&d;> u\;a [dhjpgjp tpshbkpH Gl;bd;> ag;ghdpa gpujkH \pd;Nrh mNg kw;Wk; ,e;NjhNdrpa mjpgH N[hNfh tpNlhNlh Nghd;w cyf jiytHfs; cl;gl;l gl;baypy; ,izfpwhH.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

$l;lhz;ik ngz;fspd; Mw;wy; gpujkH Nkhb> upahj;jpy; Kiwahf midj;J kfspH lhlh fd;ry;ud;rp nrHtPr]; (TCS) nrd;whH> ,t;tifahd Kjy; tUif ,J vd;gjhy; gapw;rp ikaj;jpy; cw;rhfk; nghq;fpaJ> kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; ghypd mjpfhuj;jpw;fhfTk; cUkhw;Wk; rf;jp gw;wp mw;Gjkhf Ngrp ,Ue;jhH. cw;rhfj;ij ed;F czu Kbe;jJ> gHf;fh cs;s nghWikahd cilapy; ,sk; rTjp ngz;fs; mUs; tUif je;jpUe;J ,e;jpa jiytUld; nry;/gpfis vLf;f xUtUf;nfhUtH Nghl;bapl;ldH. mtuJ njhlHgpy;> Nkhb ehl;bd; tsHr;rpapy; ngz;fspd; Kf;fpa gq;fpidg; gw;wp NgrpdhH. "cyfk; KOtJk;> ehd; ,d;W upahj; efupy; rt+jp mNugpahtpd; nrOikapy; gq;fspg;gtHfs; ehq;fs; vd;W $Wfpd;w njhopy;El;g ty;YeHfisr; re;jpg;gJ xU Kf;fpa nra;jpahf cs;sJ” vd;W Nkhb TCS ngz; njhopyhsHfNshL mtuJ njhlHgpd; NghJ $wpdhH. midj;J kfspH ikak; MdJ TCS %yk; GE cld; ,ize;J 2013 ,y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ> NkYk;; Gjpa jpwd;fs;> jpwikfs; kw;Wk; ehl;by; ngz;fSf;fhd tho;it toq;Fk; gapw;rpf; fskhf tpsq;FfpwJ.

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Nk - a+d; 2016

,lJ: gpujkH Nkhb upahj;jpy; cs;s midj;J ngz;fs; TCS IT ikaj;jpy; CopaHfSld; NgRfpwhH@ NkNy: upahj;jpy; cs;s Nuhay; NfhHl;by; rt+jp mNugpahtpd; kd;dH ry;khd; gpd; mg;Jy; m[p]; my; rTjp cld; gpujkH eNue;jpu Nkhb

nfhs;iff;F ,izahdJ> ,it ,e;jpahtpYs;s tha;g;igg; Gjpjhfg; ghHf;fpd;wd> NkYk; fle;j tUlk; Xf];w; khjk; gpujkH Nkhb UAE f;F Nkw;nfhz;l tp[aj;ijg; gpujpgypj;jJ> kw;Wk; ,sturH N\f; KfkJ gpd; raPj; my; e`;ahd; -,e;jpahtpw;F (ngg;utup 10-12> 2016) jpUk;gp tUif nra;jijAk; gpujpgypj;jJ. xU rpwg;G Njhuizapy;> gpujkH Nkhb> tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; mtiu tuNtw;whH> ,e;jpah If;fpa muG ,uhr;rpa cwit mjpfupg;gJ ,e;jpahtpd; Nehf;fk; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,sturiur; re;jpj;jjpypUe;J ngupa vjpHghHg;ghf nghUshjhu gq;Fjhuupd; juk; caHj;jg;gl;lJ. Kbf;Fupa ,sturupd; tUifapd; ngupa ed;ikahf ,J mike;jjhy; ,e;jpahtpd; tsHr;rpf; fijapd; tpUg;gkhd $l;lhsuhf If;fpa muG ,uhr;rpak; mike;jJ. gpujkH Nkhb ghupa njhopy;Jiw cw;gj;jp jho;thuq;fis cUthf;Fk; jpl;lq;fspy; gq;Nfw;f by;ypKk;ig njhopw;rhiy tshfk; cl;gl UAE

epWtdq;fSf;F miog;GtpLf;fpwhH> NkYk; b[pw;wy;; ,e;jpahtpYk; njhlf;f ,e;jpah jpl;lq;fspYk; gq;Nfw;FkhWk; Nkhb mioj;jhH. fle;j tUlk; gpujkH Nkhbapd; Jgha; gazj;jpd; NghJ ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l cl;;fl;likg;G epjpapy; NrHifapy;> ,e;jpahtpy; cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpapy; KjyPL nra;tjpy; jkf;Fs;s MHtj;ij UAE Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bAs;sJ> Fwpg;ghf uapy;Nt> rhiyfs;> JiwKfq;fs; kw;Wk; fg;gy; Nghd;w Kd;Dupikahd gFjpfspy; ,e;jpahtpd; cl;;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fspy; If;fpa muG ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; KjyPLfs; $75 gpy;ypad; ,yf;if vl;bAs;sJ. mGjhgp Njrpa vz;nza; epWtdk; (ADNOC) kw;Wk; ,e;jpa %Nyhgha ngw;Nwhypa vz;nza; ypkpnll; (ISPRL) My; vLf;fg;gl;l kw;nwhU Kf;fpakhd KbT> vjpHfhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpy; xU %Nyhgha ngw;Nwhypa Nrkpg;gfj;ij epWTtjw;fhd Ngr;RthHj;ijfis KbTf;Ff; nfhz;LtUtjhFk;. ,e;jpah kw;Wk; If;fpa muG ,uhr;rpak; ,ilNa ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; %Nyhgha xj;Jiog;G gaq;futhj-vjpHg;G> fly; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; irgH ghJfhg;G Mfpatw;wpy; xj;Jiog;ig tpupthf;Fk; jpl;lq;fs; mjpfupf;fg;gl;ld. $Ljyhf> ,e;jpahtpy; ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fspd; $l;Lj; jahupg;G jpl;lq;fis milahsk; fhz ,U ehLfSk; vjpHghHf;fpd;wd.

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,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

,e;jpa murpd; Kjd;ik nray;jpl;lkhd Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah jpl;lkhdJ ,e;jpahtpd; vjph;fhyj;jpy; nghUshjhuj;ij cah;j;Jk; kw;Wk; jd;Dila kf;fSf;F nghpa eyd;fisAk; kw;Wk; nropg;igAk; nfhz;LtUk; xU jPtpu Kaw;rpahFk;. xU cyf cw;gj;jp ikakhf ,e;jpahtpd; ePz;l tuyhw;wpy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;s vjph;fhy tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhd jpl;lk; ,J vd;gJ ngUk;ghYk; ,d;Dk; kiwf;fg;gl;ljhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j #O;epiyf;fhd xU cjhuzk; vd;dntd;why; njhiynjhlh;G muf;fz; vhpf;rd; MFk;. ,e;jpahtpy; gphpl;b\; eph;thfj;jpw;F ifahyhd Rtpl;r;fis tpw;f Muk;gpj;j 1903k; Mz;bypUe;Nj RtPb\; epWtdk; ,e;j ehl;by; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpwJ. ,d;W> vhpf;rd; xU ty;yikahd ghd;-,e;jpahthf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ mNjNeuj;jpy; gpw RtPB]; epWtdq;fs; gy tUlq;fshf ehl;bNy fil Nghl;L tUfpwJ> ,tw;wpy; ngUk;ghyhdit k`uh\;bu khepyk; GNd efiu Rw;wpNa mike;Js;sd. $l;lhf> ,itfs; cyf cw;gj;jp ikakhf ,e;jpahtpd; fiy kw;Wk; Mw;wy;tsk; ,uz;bw;Fk; rhd;whf cs;sd. mg;gbnad;why; ,e;j gpg;uthpapy; Kk;igapy; itj;J gpujkh; jpU eNue;jpu Nkhbf;F mUfpypUe;J RtPld; gpujkh; jpU ];Bgd; Nyhtd; Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah thuj;ij Jtq;fp itj;jJ nghUj;jkhd xd;whfNt ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> xU thu fhyKs;s ,e;epfo;r;rp (gpg;uthp 13 Kjy; gpg;uthp 18 tiu) ngUepWtd Kf;fpa];jh;fs; kw;Wk; jiyth;fs; $bte;j kw;nwhU njhopy; fz;fhl;rpahf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. khwhf> ,J ,e;jpa cw;gj;jp JiwapYs;s ngUikapd; Gj;Jzh;it J}z;l cjTk; xU jdpj;Jtkhd Kaw;rpahfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,e;epfo;r;rpahdJ ,e;jpahtpd; cw;gj;jp gphpTfs; vq;FKs;s tbtikg;G> GJik kw;Wk; epiyg;Gj;jd;ikapd; Mw;wy;tsj;jij

NkNy: ,e;jpa gpujkh; jpU eNue;jpu Nkhb Kk;igapy; ele;j Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah thuj;jpd; Jtf;ftpohtpy; $bAs;sth;fsplk; ciuahw;Wfpwhh ,lJ: gpujkh; Nkhb Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah epfo;r;rpapy; xU FO Gifg;glj;jpy;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

$l;lhz;ik

gpujkh; NkhbAk; gpw gpujpepjpfSk; Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah ikaj;ij tyk; tUfpwhh;fs;

cyfpd; gpw gFjpf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;baJ jq;fsJ khepyk; rhh;e;j nfhs;if NkYk; ngWepWtd kw;Wk; nghJ mwptpg;Gfis ntspapl;ld. gq;fspg;ig mLj;j epiyf;F js;spaJ. ,J Kk;igapy; ele;j Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah ntspehL kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L $l;LKaw;rpf;F thuj;jpd; msT kw;Wk; ntw;wpia Gjpa ghijfis cUthf;f cjtpaJ cz;ikapNyNa rpwg;ghf Ghpe;Jnfhs;s NkYk; KjyPl;Lf;F vspjhd #o;epiyapy; Ntz;Lkhdhy;> xUth; Gs;sptptuq;fis ftdj;ij ,Oj;Js;sJ. Fwpg;ghf> ,sk; kl;LNk Muha Ntz;Lk;. thuk; njhopy;KidNth;fis vl;Ltjw;fhfTk; KOtjpYk; 9>000f;Fk; mjpfkhd ,e;jpa kw;Wk; njhopy; Muk;gpg;gth;fSf;F xU epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; 2>000 ntspehl;L rhjfkhd #o;epiyia epWtdq;fs; Rkhh; xd;gJ cUthf;Ftjw;fhfTk; yl;rk; ghh;itahsh;fSld; xU rpwg;G Kaw;rp fye;Jnfhz;ld. 100f;Fk; ntspehl;L kw;Wk; Nkw;f;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ> mjpfkhd ehLfs; cs;ehl;L $l;L ,J> gytifapy;> mLj;j gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jd Kaw;rpf;fhd jiyKiw nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; 215 fz;fhl;rpahsh;fSk; Gjpa ghijfis eltbf;iffspd; Kf;fpa 1>200 Ngr;rhsh;fSk; cUthf;f ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jdh;. ,e;epfo;r;rpapy; gy ,e;epfo;r;rpahdJ murplkpUe;J ,e;epfo;rr ; p nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; KjyPl;L KO MjuitAk; ngw;wJ cjtpaJ jpl;lq;fSk; mwptpf;fg;gl;ld. â&#x20AC;&#x201C; tpUe;jpdh; ehLfspy; cjhuzj;jpw;F> 2>200 kl;LkpUe;J kl;Lky;yhky; Nfhb kjpg;Gila kpd;dZ mgptpUj;jp cyfnkq;fpypkpUe;J MjuT fpilj;jJ. epjpakhdJ ,e;jpa neLQ;rhiyfs; ,e;jpa gpujkh; jtpu> kj;jpa mikr;rh;fs; kw;Wk; 2016k; Mz;bd; %yjd nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; khepy murpd; mikr;rh;fSk; nfhs;iff;fhd ,-Nlhy; nray;Kaw;rpahf gq;Nfw;wdh;> gpujkh;> Jiz gpujkh; kw;Wk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. cs;fl;likg;G kw;Wk; gy;NtW ehLfspd; mikr;rh;fs; cl;gl czT gjg;gLj;Jk; njhopw;rhiyfspy; Fiwe;jJ 20 gpw cah;kl;l jiyth;fSk; cs;s gy;NtW KjyPl;L tha;g;GfSk; gq;Nfw;ghsh;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. mwptpf;fg;gl;ld. NkYk;> k`uh\;buh> xbrh> 1>05>000 Nfhb kjpg;gpyhd njhopy; fh;ehlfh kw;Wk; [hh;fz;l; khepy muRfSk; tprhhpg;Gfs; Nkw;f;nfhs;sg;;gl;ld

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah ikaj;jpy; gpujkh; Nkhb

NkYk; 15>20>000 Nfhbf;F Nkyhd k`uh\;buhtpd; Ntshz; kw;Wk; tpw;gid KjyPl;L xg;Gjy;fs; ,e;j thuj;jpy; Jiw ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; ,Wjpnra;ag;gl;ld. gue;j mstpyhd tpjh;ghTf;fhf> gUj;jpia cw;gj;jp Jiwfs; kw;Wk; nghJ kw;Wk; jdpahh; nra;Ak; gFjpahd mkuhtjp khtl;lj;jpy; Jiwfspy; <Lgl;Ls;s gq;fhsh;fsh;fis ee;Nfhd; nlf;];ily; ghh;f; mikg;gjw;fhf fle;J ,e;j Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah thuj;jpy; Nukz;l; 1>400 Nfhbia KjyPL nra;Ak;. xU ePz;l njhopy; xg;ge;j gl;baiy ehL KOtJk;> fly; rhh;e;j cUthf;fpAs;sJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F> vk;777 GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f xU Mw;wy; jpl;lj;ij N`htpl;]h;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhfTk; mikg;gjw;fhf gpuhd;]pd; jhh; kw;Wk; ghpNrhjpg;gjw;fhfTk; gphpl;ldpd; Nfhthf;]; rp];lk;]; gpujkh; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; epWtdj;Jld; fh;ehlf tpz;ntsp epWtdkhd gpV, muR xU xg;ge;jj;jpy; Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah rp];lk;]; ,e;jpahtpd; kfpe;jpuh ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sJ. epWtdj;Jld; ifNfhh;f;Fk;> thuj;jpy; xU F[uhj; muRk; $l fly;rhh; mNjNeuj;jpy; vy;rpb cw;gj;jp gad;ghLfis ePzl ; njhopy; gphpit cUthf;Ftjpy; cUthf;Fk; xg; g e; j gl; b ay; ijthdpd; Ml;Nuhd; xU fly;rhuh cUthf;fg;gl;lJ epWtdj;jpd; njhopy;El;g jpl;lj;Jf;fhf $l;LKaw;rpapy; Kk;igia gpnuQ;R Nrh;e;j ];nlh;iyl; FOkj;jpd; epWtdj;Jld; xU xg;ge;jk; Ltpd;];lhh; b];gpNs nlf;dhy[p]; nra;Js;sJ. [hh;f;fz;by;> k`uh\;bu njhopy; tsh;r;rp epWtdj;Jld; gq;fshNj\; kw;Wk; ,ize;J nrayhw;Wk;. epyf;fhp rhh;e;j kPj;Njd; cu tpjh;ghtpy; tptrhapfSf;F MuQ;R njhopw;rhiyf;F kpd;rhuk; tsh;f;f cjTk; gor;rhW cw;gj;jp tpepNahfpf;Fk; nkhj;jk; 1>600 njhopw;rhiyia mikg;gjw;fhf ,e;J];jhd; nkfhthl; jpwd; nfhz;l NfhNfh Nfhyh gPtNu[];> n[apd; xU ntg;g Mw;wy; Miyia ,h;hpNfrd; gpiuNtl ypkpl; epWtdj;Jld; cUthf;f mjhdp FOkj;jpw;F xU epidTg;gj;jpu xg;ge;jj;jpy; khepy muR ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sJ.

Nk - a+d; 2016

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Kd;Kaw;rp

,e;jpahtpd tsHr;rp Gduikg;Gfspd;

KJfpy; VWfpwJ cyf nghUshjhuk; ke;jkhf cs;s NghjpYk;> rhjid gilf;Fk; mstpw;F ,e;jpahtpw;F me;epa KjyPLfs; Ftpe;J tUtjhy;> ,e;jpahtpw;fhd tsu;rr ; p tha;gG ; fs; rhjfkhfNt cs;sJ ciu | tpfh]; fd;dh

cyfg; nghUshjhuk; ke;jepiyia mDgtpj;J tUfpd;w Neuj;jpYk;> ,e;jpah xU ‘gpufh\khd Gs;spahfj;” jhd; tpsq;FfpwJ> fhuzk; mjd; tsHr;rpg; ghij. ,e;jpahtpd; tsHr;rp tha;g;Gfs; Fwpj;J rHtNjr ehza epjpak; (IMF) kw;Wk; I.eh cyfg; nghUshjhur; #o;epiy kw;Wk; tha;g;Gfs; (WESP) Mfpa mikg;GfSk; $l ek;gpf;ifahfNt cs;sd. gpd;Df;Fg; gpd; njhlHe;J te;j ,U tul;rpahd> gUtk; jg;gpa kiof;fhyk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhu

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

tsHr;rp rPdhit tpl tpQ;rpNa nry;fpwJ> 2016-,y; ,jd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp 7.7 rjtPjk; mjpfupf;Fk; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. khwhf> 2015-,y; 7 rjtPj tsHr;rpiaf; nfhz;l Mrpahtpd; kpfg;ngupa nghUshjhu ehlhd rPdh ,e;j tUlj;jpy; 6.8 rjtPj tsHr;rpiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. gpd;dzpapy; INuhg;ghtpYk; mnkupf;fhtpYk; Klf;fg;gl;Ls;s tsHr;rpAk; rPdhtpy; nghUshjhu ke;jepiyAk;,Uf;Fk; ,r;rkaj;jpy;> ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsHfshy;

tpUk;gg;gLk; ,yf;F ehlhf ,e;jpah cw;gj;jpapd; RkhH 1-1.5 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; tpsq;FfpwJ. nfhz;Lte;J> nlhyUf;F epfuhd &gha; ,e;jpag; gpujk ke;jpup jpU kjpg;ig epiyahfTk; itj;jJ. nrd;w eNue;jpuNkhb Ml;rpf;F te;jJ Kjy;> tUlk; ,e;jpag; nghUshjhuk; 7.6 rjtPjj;jpy; ,e;jpah FWfpa fhyj;jpy; tsHe;jJ> nghUshjhuf; xU ntw;wpr; rupj;jpuj;ijr; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G mLj;j ,U nrJf;fpAs;sJ> ,t;tstpw;Fk; tUlq;fspy; 8 rjtPj tsHr;rp murhq;fk; ghuk;gupakhf gytPdkhd ,Uf;Fnkdj; jpl;lkpLfpwJ. jw;Nghija epjpepiyfs; ,Ue;jik ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dH fzf;Fg; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. tsHr;rpahdJ Gjpa murhq;fk; nghWg;Ngw;w gw;whf;Fiwia RkhH 5 rjtPjj;jpw;F NghJ> KbT vLg;gjpy; tPo;r;rpaile;j NghJ> kdf;frg;ghd czHT ,Ue;jJ. RkhH 1-1.5 gztPf;fk; cr;repiyaile;J ,Ug;gjw;F ,q;F Gduikg;Gfs; rjtPj nkhj;j 10 rjtPjkhfpaJ> jw;NghJ cs;sd vd;W cyFf;F cs;ehl;L fzf;Fg; gw;whf;Fiw fw;gid xU typikahd irifia cw;gj;jpf;Ff; nra;J ghHf;f Kbahj mDg;Gtjw;F ,e;jpah jpUj;j msTf;F caHthf ,Ue;jJ> eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s nfhz;Lte;jJ jpBH khw;wk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhf Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ntspehl;L ,Ue;Js;sJ. ,uz;L tUlq;fis KjyPl;lhsHfspd; ek;gpf;ifia tplf; Fiwe;j fhyj;jpy;> murhq;fk; kPz;Lk; <l;Ltjw;fhf gy Gduikg;Gfisf; gztPf;fj;ij RkhH 5 rjtPjj;jpy; fl;Lf;Fs; fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;likf;fhf murhq;fj;ijg; nfhz;Lte;jNjhL my;yhky;> jw;Nghija Nghw;w Ntz;Lk;. ,d;W> ehl;bd; ntspehl;Lg; fzf;Fg; gw;whf;Fiwia nkhj;j cs;ehl;L gupkhw;w xJf;fPLfs; 350 gpy;ypad;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Kaw;rp

nlhyHfis tpl mjpfupj;Js;sJ> ,jw;F ntspehl;L ehzar; nrhj;Jfspy; ghupanjhU Vw;wk; Vw;gl;lik cjtpahf mike;jJ. ,e;jj; jpBH vOr;rpf;F Kf;fpa fhuzk;> murhq;fk; ngUQ; nryTs;s Gduikg;Gfis Nkw;nfhz;lJ Kjy; ngUkstpy; ,e;jpaf; fld; gj;jpuq;fisAk; gq;FfisAk; thq;fpAs;s ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsHfs; MFk;. typikahd ehzakhw;W xJf;fPLfs; cyf ehzar; re;ijfspYs;s ve;jnthU rhj;jpaKs;s epiyapy;yhj jd;ikf;Fk; vjpuhd ngupa jilahfTk; $l cs;sd. mnkupf;f nlhyiu mjpfstpy; thq;fpAs;s ,e;jpa uprHt; tq;fp> 2013-,y; Vw;gl;l Nkhrkhd &gha; Klkhf;ff; fhl;rpapy; jdJ jw;fhg;Gfis Kd;Ndw;Wtjpy; ftdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,g;NghJs;s ehza xJf;fPLfs; xd;gJ khjq;fSf;F mjpfkhd ,wf;Fkjpg; ghJfhg;ig mspf;fpd;wd vd;W kfpo;r;rpa+l;LfpwJ> 2013-,y; ,J MW khjkhf ,Ue;jJ. murhq;fk; ghJfhg;G> fl;Lkhdk;> rpy;yiw tzpfk; cl;gl 15 gpupTfspy; FDI newpfisr; Rygkhf;fp> jdJ Gduikg;Gfspd; Nehf;fj;ij irif fhl;ba gpd;dNu khw;wk; te;jJ. ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; fl;Lkhdj; JiwfSf;fhd ntspehl;L KjyPl;L Nky;kl;lq;fis caHj;Jk; KbT ,e;jpahtpy; ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsHfs; KjyPL nra;tijr; Rygkhf;fpaJ. mNjhL murhq;fk; 49 rjtPjj;jpw;F 60 gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nlhyH fhg;GWjp tpahghuj;jpy; ntspehl;L KjyPl;bd; tpfpjhrhuj;ij ,Uklq;fhfTk; Mf;fpaJ. ehl;by; MAs; fhg;gPl;L CLUty; njhlHe;Jk; FiwthfNt cs;sJ> ,J nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; 3 rjtPjj;ij tplr; rw;W mjpfkhf cs;sJ> Mdhy; [g;ghdpy; 10 rjtPjkhfTk;> mT];jpNuypahtpy; RkhH 6 rjtPjkhfTk; cs;sJ. murhq;fj;jpd; fl;lisj; jpl;lkhd Nkf; ,d; ,e;jpah Kd;Kaw;rpf;F xU Cf;fj;ij mspf;Fk; nghUl;L> fk;gdpfs; ghJfhg;G cw;gj;jpapy; ntspehl;L cilikAupikia 49 rjtPjk; tiu mjpfupg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ld. ,Njkhjpupahf> ,e;jpahtpy; tpistpf;fg;gl;L> cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l czTg; nghUl;fspd; re;ijg;gLj;jypy; ntspehl;L KjyPl;L

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

KjyPl;Lr; #oiy tsHg;gjw;fhf fl;Lkhdg; gpuptpy; murhq;fk; FDI newpfisj; jsHj;jpaJ

Nkk;ghl;L thupak; (FIPB) topahf gy;tzpfr;rpd;d rpy;yiw tpahghupfSf;F 100 rjtPj FDI–I mDkjpj;Js;sJ. ,g;NghJ> ,e;jpaj; jahupg;ghsHfshy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l czTg; nghUl;fis tpw;gid nra;a> ntspehl;Lr; rpy;yiw tpahghupfs; ,e;jpahtpy; mtHfsJ re;ijg;gLj;jy; epiyaq;fis mikf;fyhk;. ,g;NghJ tiu> ntspehl;L czT epWtdq;fs; mtHfSila nghUl;fisj; jahupj;J> tpw;gjw;fhf ,e;jpahtpy; filfis mikf;f KbAk;. ,e;j eltbf;ifahdJ ,e;jpa tptrhapfs; re;ijfSf;fhd rpwe;j mZfiy mspf;Fk; vd;gNjhL kl;Lkd;wp> mJ rpwe;j tUtha;fisAk; mspf;Fk;. NkYk; ,J 7 gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nlhyH kUj;Jtf; fUtpg; gpuptpy; FDI newpfisAk; Rygkhf;fpAs;sJ> ntspehl;ltHfs; 100 rjtPj rhjd cUthf;FeHfis thq;f tpUk;GfpwhHfs; vd;gjhy; mtHfs; ,dp Kd;$l;ba mDkjpiag; ngwj; Njitapy;iy. khWfpd;w tpahghur; Rw;whly; MdJ nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd xU gpujhd gz %ykhd FDI-,y; njs;sj;njspthd mjpfupg;Gf;F toptFj;jJ. Kd;dzpj; Njrpa ehspjopd;gb> ,e;jpah 2015-,y; rPdhitAk; mnkupf;fhitAk; Ke;jp FDI –f;fhd Kjy; ,yf;F vd;w ,lj;ij vl;baJ> 2015-,y; 34.9 gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nlhyHfis vl;baJ> ,J Ke;ija epjpahz;il tpl 61.6 rjtPjk; mjpfkhFk;. [g;gdpa juFf; fk;gdpahd neh%uhtpd;gb> cs;tUk; njhif ,g;NghJ 1.7 rjtPj nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpiag; gpujpgypf;fpwJ> ,J Ke;ija tUlj;ij tpl 1.1 rjtPjk; mjpfkhFk;. Gduikg;GfSld; ,ize;J ,e;j tUlj;jpd; tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpy; murhq;fk; Kd;nkhope;Js;s tptrhak; kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;gpYs;s ngupa nghJthd nrythdJ fz;bg;ghd cyfg; gpd;dzpf;F vjpuhf epiyj;Jepw;fpd;w tsHr;rpiag; NgZtjw;fhf ,yf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk;> murhq;fk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; tup (GST) kNrhjhit ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;wf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fkhdhy;> mJ ehl;bd; tsHr;rpia ,uz;L rjtPjk; tiu mjpfupf;Fk;> ,ul;il ,yf;f tsHr;rpahdJ Rygkhf milag;gLk;.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Kaw;rp

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

tptrhaj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fis fUj;jpy; nfhz;L ,e;jpah fpuhkg;Gwk;

Nehf;fp efu;fpwJ ,e;jpahtpd; 2016-17k; Mz;Lf;fhd kj;jpa gl;n[l;lhdJ fpuhkg;Gw nghUshjhuj;ij Cf;fg;gLj;JtJ kw;Wk; tsh;rr ; pia Ntfg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; epiyahd tsh;rr ; pf;F tptrhaj;ij nfhz;Lnry;y Kaw;rpf;fpwJ ciu | tpfh]; fz;zh

xU Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Af;jp khw;wj;jpy;> kj;jpa murhdJ 2016-17 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd kj;jpa gl;n[l;il ntspapl;bUg;gjdhy; xU Kf;fpa fpuhkg;Gw ce;Jjiy Vw;gg ; Lj;j jPhk ; hdpj;jpUf;fpwJ. kj;jpa epjp mikr;rh; mUz; n[l;yp tptrhak; kw;Wk; mJrhh;ej ; Jiwf;fhd xJf;fl P b ; y; 84 rjtpfpj mjpfhpg;ig mwptpj;jjd; %yk; gyiu Mr;rhpaj;jpw;Fs; Mo;jj ; pAs;shh;> NkYk; 2022 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fs; tptrhapfspd; tUkhdj;ij ,ul;bg;ghf;Ftjhf thf;FWjp mspj;Js;shh;. cyfg; nghUshjhuk; rhptile;j Neuj;jpy;> ,e;j eltbf;ifahdJ fpuhkg;Gw Njitia J}z;Lk; xU jpl;lkplg;gl;l eltbf;ifahf ,Uf;Fk; vd fUjg;gLfpwJ> ,J KiwNa mJrhh;ej ; kw;w JiwfisAk; GJg;gpf;f cjTk;. tptrhapfSf;F 130 gpy;ypad; lhyh; fld; toq;FJ jtpu> tptrha Jiwapy; 16 gpy;ypad; lhyh;fs; kjpg;gpyhd gk;Gfs; mikj;jy; cl;gl xU $l;l eltbf;iffs; fpuhkg;Gw Njitia Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjpy; xU Cf;fpahf gq;F tfpf;Fk;. tptrhaj;ijNa gpujhdkhf ek;gpapUf;Fk; ehl;bd; 50 rjtpfpj njhopyhsh;fspd; fpuhkg;Gw Jauq;fis jPh;f;f ,e;j eltbf;iffs; Kay;fpd;wd.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Kaw;rp

epjp> ngUepWtd tptfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; jfty; kw;Wk; xspgug;;Gj; Jiw kj;jpa mikr;rh; mUz; n[l;yp GJ by;ypapy; gl;n[l;Lf;F gpwF ele;j xU gj;jphpf;ifahsh; $l;lj;jpy; NgRfpwhh;;. khepy epjp mikr;rh; [ae;j; rpd;fh> epjp nrayh; uj;jd; gp. tjhy; kw;Wk; jiyik nghUshjhu MNyhrfh; lhf;lh;. mutpe; Rg;gpukzpaz; MfpNahh; fhzg;gLfpwhhh;fs;

gaph; fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lj;Jf;fhf Rkhh; Rkhh; 200 ePh;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fs; jilgl;Ls;sjhf 825 kpy;ypad; lhyh; xJf;FtJ njhlh;ghd my;yJ jhkjg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjhf jPh;khdkhdJ gUtkioapd;ik kw;Wk; njhlh;e;J fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ. epiyahd epjpaj;ij ,uz;L tUl twl;rp Nghd;wtw;why; fLikahf cUthf;FtJ gy jhkjg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghjpf;fg;gLk; tptrhapfSf;F tuNtw;fj;jf;f jpl;lq;fis Jhpjg;gLj;j cjTk;. xU epthuzkhFk;. Nfhilapy; tpijf;fg;gl;l ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> muR 89 ePh;g;ghrd gaph;fSf;fhf 2 rjtpfpjj;ij jpl;lq;fis nray;gLj;j tptrhapfs; gphpkpaj;jpd; ghpe;Jiuj;Js;sJ. ,J Kjy; gpbkhdj;jpy; fl;l Ntz;Lk; fl;lkhf xU tUlj;jpw;Fs;shf gaph; fhg;gl P L ; j; NkYk; Fsph;fhy gapUf;fhd 1.5 Klq;fpAs;s 46 Nkw;gug;G jpl;lj;Jf;fhf rjtpfpjkhdJ gaph; fhg;gPl;ilj; ePh;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fis Kbf;f Rkhh; 8.25 Njh;e;njLg;gjw;F tptrhapfis jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ NkYk; kpy;ypad; Cf;fg;gLj;Jk;. kPjKs;sit 2020 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fs; Kd;dh;> ,e;jpa tptrhapfshy; nra;ag;gLk;. NkYk;> 2.85 kpy;ypad; lhyh; xJf;Fk; 40 rjtpfpjk; tiu caUk; n`f;Nlh; tptrha epyq;fSk; jPhk ; hdkhdJ gphpkpaj;ij nrYj;j Kbahky; ePh;g;ghrd trjp nra;ag;gLk;. rpW tptrhapfSf;F ,Ue;jJ. fle;jfhyj;jpy; gj;jpy; tptrhapfSf;F cjTtjw;fhf xU epthuzkhf xU gq;F tptrhapfs; kl;LNk kio nfhl;Lk; gFjpfspy; Ie;J jq;fSila gaph;fSf;F fhg;gPL yl;rk; tptrha Fsq;fis ,Uf;fpwJ nra;atij Njh;e;njLj;jJ Kf;fpa GJg;gpf;Fk; kw;Wk; Njhz;Lk; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. xU ghpe;JiuAk; cs;sJ. ,e;j 3 kpy;ypad; kjpg;Gila ghrd epjpaj;ij eltbf;ifahdJ tptrhapfSf;F tUlk; mikg;gJ kw;nwhU Kf;fpa rpwg;gk;rkhFk;. KOtJk; jz;zPh; fpilf;f jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ ,d;W> ehl;bYs;s ngUkstpyhd Kf;fpa ,y;iynad;why; mth;fs; gUt kioia kw;Wk; eLj;ju ePh;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fs; gy;NtW rhh;e;jpUf;f Ntz;baJs;sJ. gUt kiofis fhuzq;fshy; tPzhfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd ek;gpapUg;gjw;F gjpyhf xU epiyahd jz;zPh; NkYk; Rkhh; 36 gpy;ypad; lhyh; kjpg;Gs;s tpepNahfkhdJ ,e;jpa tptrhapfSf;F

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;

tptrhak; kw;Wk; tptrhapfspd; eyk; NgZtjpy; ngupa ftdk; tptrhapfspd; tUkhdk; 2022-f;F Kd;ghf ,Uklq;fhf;fg;gLk;. gpuhjd; ke;ju; p fpup\p rpd;rha; Nahrdhtpd; fPo; 28.5 ,yl;rk; n`f;uaH epyq;fs; ePHg;ghrdj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;Ltug;gLk;. mLj;j Ie;J tUlq;fspy; &. 86>500 Nfhb Njitg;gLfpd;w 89 ePHg;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs; tpiutpy; mikf;fg;glTs;sd. ,tw;wpy; 23 jpl;lq;fs; 2017 khHr; 31Mk; jpfjpf;F Kd;ghf epiwTnra;ag;gLk;. jdpj;Jtkhd ePzl ; fhy ePHg;ghrd epjpahdJ NABARD -,y; cUthf;fg;gLk;> Muk;gj;jpy; &.20>000 mspf;fg;gLk;. re;ijf; fld;fs; cl;gl ePHg;ghrdj;jpYs;s nkhj;j KjyPL &. 12>157 Nfhb. &. 6>000 Nfhb nrytpy; gyjug;gl epjpAjtpf;fhf epiyj;J epw;ff;$ba epyj;jb ePH Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhd gpujhd epfo;rr ; pj;jpl;lk;

Kd;nkhopag;gl;lJ. kio ePiu ePHg;ghrdj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; gFjpfspy; 5 ,yl;rk; gz;izf; Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; ntl;Lf; fpzWfs;> Nrjdg; grisj; jahupg;Gf;fhf 10 ,yl;rk; $l;nlUf; fplq;fs; mikf;fg;gLk;. 2017 khHr; khjj;jpw;F Kd;ghf gz;iz itj;jpUf;Fk; 14 Nfhb NgUf;F kz; MNuhf;fpa ml;ilfs; toq;fg;gLk;. mLj;j %d;W tUlq;fspy;> kz; kw;Wk; tpijg; gupNrhjid trjpfisf; nfhz;l cu epWtdq;fspd; 2>000 khjpup rpy;yiw tpw;gid epiyaq;fs; jpwf;fg;gLk;. 2016 Vg;uy; 14Mk; jpfjpad;W fyhepjp mk;Ngj;fhupd; gpwe;jehisnahl;b> ehl;Lf;F xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l tptrhar; re;ijg;gLj;jy; , Nkil mHg;gzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

2016-17

fpuhkpag; gpupT 14tJ FC-,d; rpghupRfSf;F mika> fpuhkg; gQ;rhaj;JfSf;Fk; efurigfSf;Fk; cjtp khdpakhf &. 2.87 ,yl;rk; Nfhb toq;fg;gLk;. ,J fpuhkg; gQ;rhaj;J xd;Wf;F &. 81 ,yl;rk; vd;Wk;> efurig xd;Wf;F &. 21 Nfhbf;Fk; mjpfk; vd;Wk; nghUs;gLk;. tul;rp kw;Wk; fpuhkpa ,d;dYs;s gFjpfspYs;s xt;nthU njhFjpAk; Bd; lhay; md;nuhNahjah tp\dpd; fPo; nghWg;ngLf;fg;gLk;. 300 UHgd; fps];uHfs; fpuhkpag; gFjpapy; tsHr;rp ikaq;fis mikj;Jg;NgZk;. 2018 Nk 1Mk; jpfjpf;F Kd;ghf rfy fpuhkq;fSf;Fk; kpd;rhuk; toq;fg;gLk;. mLj;j %d;W tUlq;fspy; fpl;lj;jl;l 6 Nfhb FLk;gq;fis cs;slf;FkhW> fpuhkpa ,e;jpahTf;fhf GjpanjhU b[pw;wy; vOj;jwpT eltbf;ifj; jpl;lkhdJ njhlf;fg;gLk;. rPuikf;fg;gl;l Njrpa fhzpg; gjpTfs; jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf fhzpg; gjpTfis etPdkag;gLj;jy;. uh\;jpupa fpuhk ];tuh[; jpl;lk; njhlf;fg;gLk;.

-,y; PMGSY-,y; khepyj;jpd; gq;F cl;gl &. 27>000 Nfhb nryT nra;ag;glTs;sJ. PMGSY -,idg; g+Hj;jpnra;Ak; ,yf;Fj; jpfjpahdJ 2021-,ypUe;J 2019 Mf Kd;$l;baikf;fg;gl;lJ.

2016-17 -,y; tptrhaf; fldhf &.9 ,yl;rk; Nfhb toq;fg;gLk;

czT jhdpaq;fis xd;iydpy; nfhs;tdT nra;tij FCI Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. ,jdhy; ntspg;gilj;jd;ik Vw;gLk;> nfhs;tdtpd; Kd;$l;ba gjpT kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;gpd; Clhf tptrhapfSf;F ,J trjpahf ,Uf;Fk;.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Kaw;rp

tptrha tsh;r;rpia GJg;gpf;f tptrha Jiwapy; xU GJikahd ftdj;ij gl;n[l; itj;Js;sJ; Kfg;G gf;fk;: mUz; n[l;yp GJ by;ypapy; Clf egh;fsplk; ciuahLfpwhh;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

tUlj;jpw;F xU mWtilf;F gjpyhf %d;W fpuhkq;fspy; mjpfg;gbahd Ntiytha;g;Gfis gzg; gaph;fis mWtil nra;a cjTk;. cWthf;FtJ xU mtru Njitahf ,Uf;fpwJ. kWtpjj;jpy; tl;bf;fhuh;fis rhh;e;jpUf;fpw Gl;n[l; jpl;l mwpf;iffspd; kw;nwhU rpW tptrhapfSf;F vspa fld; trjp Kf;fpa eltbf;if vd;dntd;why; 2018k; mspg;gjw;fhf> muR 2.25 gpy;ypad; lhyh;fis Mz;bw;Fs; 100 rjtpfpjk; fpuhkg;Gwj;ij tptrha fld;fSf;fhd tl;b khdpaj;jpw;F vd kpd;kakhf;Fjy; MFk;> ,J nray;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; xJf;fpAs;sJ. ,e;j tl;b khdpa gadhdJ fpuhkq;fspy; tsh;rr ; pia J}z;Lk;. ,J tptrha fp\hd; fpubl; fhh;L itj;jpUf;fpw rpW kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpia kl;Lk; ngUf;fhky; fpukhq;fspy; FW tptrhapfSf;F fpilf;Fk;. mth;fs; Ntiytha;gi ; gAk; cUthf;Fk;> ,t;thW Vw;fdNt ,Uf;fpw fld;fis fhye;jtwhky; fpuhkthrpfis tsg;gLj;JfpNwhk;. fle;j nrYj;jpdhy; 4 rjtpfpj rpW rpy gj;jhz;LfSf;F NkNyhf> rjtpfpjj;jpy; gaph;f; fld;fis GDP apy; tptrhaj;Jiwapd; ngw ,aYk;. gq;fspg;ghdJ njhlh;eJ ; xU gl;n[l; jpl;lq;fspd; muR NkYk; kfhj;kh fhe;jp rhptpy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. 1960k; kw;nwhU rpwg;gk;rk; Njrpa Cuf Ntiytha;g;G Mz;by; mjpfgl;rkhf 42.8 vd;dntd;why; cj;juthj jpl;lj;ij rjtpjkhf ,Ue;j mjDila GJg;gpg;gjw;F Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl GDP gq;F fle;j tUlj;jpy; 17 2018k; Mz;Lf;Fs; Ntz;Lk;. fpuhkg;Gw rjtpfpjkhf tPor ; r ; paile;Js;sJ. 100 rjtpfpjk; ViofSf;F 100 ehl;fs; Ke;ija muR tPor ; r ; pia fpuhkg;Gwj;ij Ntiy cj;juthjkspf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLj;j khdpaq;fis kpd;kakhf;FtjhFk; jpl;lj;Jf;fhd gl;n[l; xJf;fPL mt;tg;NghJ toq;fpaJ kw;Wk; 5.80 gpy;ypad; lhyuhfpAs;sJ. tptrhapfspd; flid jpUk;g ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> fpuhk kf;fs; nrYj;Jtij js;Sgb nra;jJ rhiyfs; NghLjy;> fpzW ntl;Ljy; my;yJ Mdhy; tptrha Jiwapd; ehl;gl;l gytPdj;ij gpw fpuhkg;Gw fl;likg;Gfis cUthf;Fk; jPhf ; f ; NghJkhd Kaw;rp vLf;ftpy;iy. Ntiyfspy; jq;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L Gjpa elthbf;iffshdJ tptrhaj;jpd; xU tUlj;jpy; 100 ehl;fSf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r Kf;fpa gFjpfis ,yf;fpl;L rpwg;ghf Cjpaj;ij ngwyhk;. ,e;jpa tptrhakhdJ tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,uz;lhtJ gRik Gul;rp kiwKf Ntiyapd;ikapdhy; f\;lg;gLfpwJ %ykhf mLj;j epjpepiyf;fhf jpl;lkplg;gl;l vd;gNj gpur;ridf;Fhpa fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. GDP tsh;rr ; p 7-7.75 rjtpfpjj;jpypUe;J ,ulil ngUkstpyhd 50 rjtpfpj njhopyhsh;fs; ,yf;f tsh;rr ; ia mila ,e;jphtpw;F tptrhaj;jpy; <Lgl;Ls;sdh; kw;Wk; 18 rhj;jpaKs;sJ. ntw;wpf;fhd rhiyahdJ rjtpfpj cw;gj;jpia kl;LNk nfhLf;fpd;wdh;. fpuhkg;Gw ,e;jpah topahf nry;fpwJ.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Kaw;rp

vy;iyfisj; jhz;b fiyiaf;

nfhz;Lnry;Yjy;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

tpkHrfHfshy; 'Nkt;upf; Nkij' vd miof;fg;gLk; fiyQH khdt; Fg;jh ePH ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; epiyahd tho;fi ; fr; nra;jpiag; gug;g xU Clfkhf fiyiag; gad;gLj;jpdhH ciu | re;j;Nuap ngskpf;

,lJ %iy: nghJf; fiyj; jpl;lk;: nuapd;> fq;fh Nthl;lHGnuhd;w;@ ,lJ: fiy epWty; ~Nehth]; MHf; xd; ik ,ahl;|

xU gpujpgypg;G gjkhd Rje;jpuk; vd;gJ fiyrhH tpLjiy kw;Wk; Md;khtpd; nfhz;lhl;lj;Jld; xj;jjhf ,Uf;fpwJ kw;Wk; ,J khdt; Fg;jhtpw;F cz;ikahf cs;sJ. fiyQH> xU cz;ikahd Njrgf;jH> fpl;lj;jl;l ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fSf;F Kd; ,e;jpahtpd; Rje;jpu jpdj;jd;W jdJ fiyg; gazj;ij njhlq;fpdhH. gz;ila ,e;jpa mtH nka;apay; Nfhl;ghLfs;> tho;f;if top kw;Wk; fiy Mfpatw;wpd; Nfhl;ghLfis mutizg;gjhy; mtuJ ghijapy; xU ehL Rke;Jnry;fpd;w midj;J tpraq;fSk; ,lg;gl;Ls;sd.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Kaw;rp

mtUila Xtpaq;fs; kw;Wk; rpw;gq;fs; epyg;gug;igAk;; g];jhH fhLfspd; rpwpa FykuigAk; rpj;jupf;Fk;> mtuJ nfhz;lhlg;gLk; njhluhd #z;ah (g+[;ak;) MdJ gpugQ;rk;> #upad; kw;Wk; re;jpud; Fwpj;j gz;ila ,e;jpa nka;apaypd; cj;Ntfj;ij <Hf;fpwJ> ,iraikg;ghsHfs; ,ilNaahd tof;fkhd [{fy;ghe;jp> FHfhdpy; kz; Ftisfisf; nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gl;l mtuJ iuk; nk\pd; vdg;gLfpd;w epWty; kw;Wk; GJby;ypapYs;s ,e;jpa tho;tpl ikak; (IHC) elhj;jpa mtuJ nghJf;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

fiy epWty;> nuapd;> fq;fh Nthl;lH/ Gud;w; Mfpait midj;Jk; gilg;Gf; fiyr; rhd;whFk;.

fle;J nry;Yjy; khdtpd; mikg;G> kio> fq;if ejpf;fiu> mJ xU ePHtPo;r;rp khiaia cUthf;f Mapuf;fzf;fhd kz; tpsf;FfisAk; fspkz; Foha;fisAk; cgNahfpj;jjhy; ntF ghuhl;ilg; ngw;wJ. khdt; mtuJ iftpidapy; epiyahd tsHr;rpia Vw;gLj;jpajhy; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f fiyg;gilg;Gfs; kw;Wk; cyf tsq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjd; ftdj;jpw;F miog;G tpLj;jhH. mtuJ ,e;j tifahd KjyhtJ epiyj;J thOjy; Fwpj;j ,e;jpa-mnkupf;f nghJf; fiy Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F gyj;j MjuTk; fpilj;jJ. IHC ,y; 70'x65'x60' gilg;ghd nuapd;> fq;fh Nthl;lHGnuhd;w; cld; iuk; nk\pDk; NrHe;J ,Ue;jik midtuhYk; nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> jpl;lj;jpy;; tho;tpy; gy;NtW JiwfspYk; ,Ue;J kf;fspd; <LghL mjpfupj;jjhy;> ,J gue;J nrd;wilaf;$bajhfTk; ghHf;ff; $bajhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. khdt; jdJ Xtpaq;fspYs;s epwj;jpd; xsp> fyit Mfpatw;wpAk; fiy eilKiwfspd; fz;Lgpbg;GfisAk; rpwg;ghf itj;jpUf;f tpUk;GfpwhH. fle;j Mz;L> mtH fiy kw;Wk; tbtikg;G kpePahnghyp]; fy;Y}upapy; jiyik tpupTiuahw;w miof;fg;gl;lhH kw;Wk; epiyahd mgptpUj;jp Fwpj;j gazk;nra;Ak; rHtNjr nghJf; fiyj; jpl;lj;jpd; ,e;jpa-mnkupf;fg; gjpg;igg; gug;Gtjw;fhf mnkupf;fhtpYs;s ,uz;L Kd;dzp rHtNjr mikg;Gfshy; nghJf; fiy Fwpj;j Kd;fzpg;G ciuahw;wTk; miof;fg;gl;lhH. fiyQH cs;ehl;Lf;Fupa nghUl;fis cyf mstpy; nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhf ngupa mstpyhd nghJf; fiyf;Fupa fspkz;zpd; jpdrupg; nghUl;fis kPz;Lk; kW gad;gLj;jpaikf;fhf Nghw;wg;gl;Ls;shH> ,J #oy; tpopg;GzHtpy; xU eltbf;if MFk;. khdt;> ,e;jpahtpd; nkd; mjpfhuj;jpd; xU cz;ikj; J}Jtuhf ,Uf;fpwhH> ,tH rkPg tUlq;fshf Kf;fpa ,e;jpa efuq;fs; jtpu mnkupf;fh> INuhg;gh> njd;dhgpupf;fh kw;Wk; kj;jpa fpof;F Mfpa ehLfspy; khr#nrl;];> epa+NahHf;> Nyhth> rhd; gpuhd;rp];Nfh> ngHypd;> yz;ld;> k];fl;> gpupl;Nlhupah> N[hfd;d];gHf; kw;Wk; Nfg; uTd; Mfpa

,lJ: khdt; Fg;jh 5>000 rJu mb l;uP x/g; iyl; ngapd;upq;> ,J ,aw;ifapd; Ie;J $Wfisr; rpj;jupf;Fk; Xtpak;@ Kd; gf;fk;: fiy epWty;> iuk; nk\pd;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Kd;Kaw;rp

efuq;fspYk; l;untypq; l;iuNahy[p vdg;gLfpd;w jdpahs; fz;fhl;rpfSld; miof;fg;gl;Ls;shH. fiy epHkhzq;fspd; mtUila rkPgj;jpa njhluhd vf;];fNt\d;]; ,d; n`a;k;]; x/g; fpNs vd;gJk; Xtpa fiyj; njhluhd v `z;l;ul; mz;l; vapw; vd;gJk; mry; ,e;jpaiug; gpujpgypf;fpd;wd> Vnddpy; mtH epiyahd mgptpUj;jpiag; gw;wp vLj;Jf; $WfpwhH. mgptpUj;jpf;fhf epiyahd nghUl;fis cgNahfpg;gJk; jz;zPiu tpiykjpg;gw;w tskhf kjpg;gJk; tpuaj;ijf; Fiwg;gJk; Mw;wq;fiuiar; rPHg;gLj;j Ntiy nra;tJk; ghJfhg;gjd; ntspg;gilahd topKiwahf ,Uf;Fk;.

gy;tz;zf; fhl;rpf; fUtp Khdtpd; gilg;Gfs; Fwpg;gpl;l

NkNy: Xtpaupd; ifnahg;gj;; njhluhd mk;gpypf;fy; NfhHl;]pypUe;J xU Xtpak;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

NkNy: Rw;whly; tpopg;GzHtpd; gpur;rpidia Muha kz; tpsf;Ffisg;; gad;gLj;jpr; nra;j fiy epWty;

Clfj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghLfis fle;J> khdt; gq;Nfw;whH> mg;NghJ muR mUq;fhl;rpafq;fs;> fhl;rpafq;fs; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; tzpfj; Jiw jiytHfs;> #oy; $l;L epWtdq;fs; Kjypatw;Wf;Fs; kw;Wk; ePH epGzHfs;> fiy tPuHfs; Eioe;Jtpl;ld. mtUila Xtpaq;fspy; kw;Wk; Md;kPfj; jiytHfs; ePH g+kpapd; ,uz;L ifnahg;g njhluhd yhH[; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; Ngz;jifik> Nfd;th];fs;: mk;gpspf;fy; NfhHl;]; x/g; kf;fisr; rpe;jpf;f itj;Jg; gjpyspf;f VHj; mz;l; nfhd;nuk;guup itf;f fiyiaAk; kpdpNar;rH];: Nthl;lH fyH]; Md;kPfj;ijAk; vg;gb ngupa xd; Ngg;gH vd;gJ mlq;Fk;> ,izg;gJ g+kpapd; njhg;Gs; ehz;fs; Mfpait Fwpj;J ghHitahsHfSld;; kw;Wk; jw;fhy Ez;Nzhtpak;: tpthjpj;jdH. ,izf;Fk; NghJ jhspy; ePH epwq;fs; kw;Wk; NkYk;> Nthl;lH/ khdtpd;; gilg;Gfs; jpiug;glq;fs; Fwpj;j Gnuhd;upy; ele;j Clfq;fisf; mtUila gupNrhjid khHf; l;itdpd;; xU epkpl nghJ Nrit kprprpg;gp ftpijj; fle;J epd;Ws;sd nra;jpapy; ntspg;gl;lJ jpUtpoh mtuJ mJ ,e;jpa murpd; Ez;fiyf; Miziag; ngw;wJ. fUj;Jf;F kw;nwhU cjhuzk; MFk;. mtuJ gilg;Gfs; Nahridf; fplq;F ,ay;ig Nehf;fp kf;fisj; mtuJ epWty;> iuk; nk\pd; cld; jpUg;gptpLk; Kaw;rpfspd;; nuapd;> fq;fh Nthl;lH/Gud;w; ntspahd tpupthf;fkhf ,Ug;gjhy; khdt; fhyj;jpy; ele;j FO tpthjq;fspy; xU cz;ikahd fiyQH.

Nk - a+d; 2016

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Channel INDIAN DIPLOMACY

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiy

[Tspj; Jzpfspy; cs;s

Xtpaf; fijfs;

,aw;if rhaj;ij gad;gLj;jp mofhd tbtq;fis rpwg;gpf;Fk; xU mofhd vOJNfhy; fiyahd fyk;fhhp ,g;NghJ rkfhyj;jpa jahhpg;Gfspy; jd; Kj;jpiuia gjpj;J tUfpwJ. ciu | gpNuNuhdh ghR

etPd Af gad;ghl;L jahhpg;G kWgbAk; fyk;fhhpfs; fhpk rhaj;ij fz;lwptjw;F nghUe;Jk; uh[hPf tphpthd rhh;e;jpUf;fpwJ – Xtpaq;fspd; tbtikg;Gfs; nfhz;l myq;fhukhd jpl;ltiuTfs; rf;fiug;ghF kw;Wk; ,Uk;G Jzpfs; topahf fyk;fhhp xU ePz;l fhyk; epug;gpfis gad;gLj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. gazpj;Js;sJ. fyk;fhhp 3000 tUlq;fSf;F tz;zq;fshdJ jhJ cg;Gf;fs;> goq;fs;> gpd;dhy; vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; xU gz;ila G+f;fs;> Nth;fs; kw;Wk; ,iyfs; Nghd;w ,e;jpa fiyahFk;> “vOJNfhy; ifNtiy” ,aw;if nghUl;fspypUe;J jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. vd;gJ mjd; mh;j;jkhFk;> Xtpak;jPl;Ljy; Kbe;jJk;> kj;jpa fhyj;jpy; i`juhghj;jpd; tz;zq;fis xl;Ltjw;fhfTk; Nfhy;nfhz;lh Ry;jhNdl;by; Jzpf;F xU gsgsg;ghd G+r;ir goikahd Njhd;wpajhFk;. fyk; my;yJ nfhLg;gjw;fhfTk; KOr;rijf; ,e;jpa vOJNfhy; xU fk;gsp Jzpahy; fdpfs; kw;Wk; gbfhuj;Jld; Rw;wg;gl;l xU nky;ypa %q;fpy; vUik kw;Wk; gRk; ghy; fiyahd Fr;rpahyhdjhFk; NkYk; fyf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,aw;if fyk;fhhp 3000 ,jd; xU Kidapy; gUj;jp rhaj;ij gad;gLj;Jk; ,e;jpa tUlq;fSf;F Jzpahy; Rw;wg;gl;lbUf;fpwJ. Jzp Xtpa ghuk;ghpakhdJ Ke;ijajhFk; kWKidahdJ kpfTk; goikahd xd;whFk; kw;Wk; Jy;ypakhdij ngWtjw;fhf xU kj;jpa Mrpah> Mg;gphpf;fh Ngdh KidNghy $h;ikg;gLj;jg; kw;Wk; INuhg;ghtpy; nra;ag;gl;l gl;bUf;fpwJ. fk;gsp rhaj;ij cwpQ;rpfpwJ mfo;thuha;r;rpfs; xU nropg;ghd ntspehl;L kw;Wk; ,aw;if ,ioahyhd xU Jzp kPJ th;j;jfk; ,Ue;jij Fwpg;gpLk; mj;jifa xtpah; Kidia jpwikahf ,Of;Fk;NghJ ,aw;if rha khjphpfis fz;Lgpbg;gjw;F Ngdh Kidf;F rhaj;ij tpepNahfpf;fpwJ> toptFj;Js;sJ. Mifahy; ,J rpwe;j tbtq;fis fyk;fhhpapd; %d;W tiffs; ,e;jpahtpy; cUthf;FfpwJ. Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. k#ypg;gl;lzk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

xU fiyQh; xU fyk;fhhp tifia tpthpf;fpwhh;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiy

my;yJ k[pypg;gl;lzk; tif Me;jpug; Guhzq;fis mjDila jhf;fkhf nfhz;L> gpuNjrj;jpYs;s fpU\;zh khtl;lj;jpypUe;J uhkhahzk;> kfhghujk;> Guhzq;fs; kw;Wk; Njhd;wpajhFk; NkYk; Nfhy;nfhz;lh gftj; fPijapd; Kf;fpa mj;jpahaq;fis Ry;jhd;fshy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;ljdhy; ,J rpj;jhpf;Fk; mjDila ikaf; fUj;Jf;fs; tYthd ,];yhkpa Mjpf;fj;ij rpj;jhpf;fpwJ. kw;Wk; mr;Rg;gyfq;fs; tiutjw;F kw;Wk; ,J jhkhfNt rkfhyj;jpa fiy Nghf;Ffis tz;zq;fs; jPl;Ltjw;Fk; vOJNfhy;fis gpd;gw;wpaJ NkYk; ghurPf gad;gLj;jp iffshy; tz;zk; tbtq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjpy; jPl;lg;gLfpd;wd. gpurpj;jp ngw;wjhapUf;fpwJ. ,e;j tbtj;jpd; gz;G ,e;jpahtpy; gpujhd tbtq;fspd; jpl;ltiuit mk;rkhdJ tl; Kfkhd Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;l cUthf;Ftjw;F ifahy; nghpa fz;fSila Mz; %d;W fyk;fhhp nrJf;fg;gl;l fl;ilfs; nja;tq;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd kpFe;j eiffisAk; kw;Wk; tiffs; cs;sd NkYk; Jy;ypakhd MilfisAk; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; tptuq;fis Nrh;g;gjw;F ngz; nja;tq;fspd; tpNrlkhf tbtikf;fg;gl;l vOJNfhy; rf;jptha;;e;j rpj;jhpg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. gilg;GfSf;F tz;zk; jPl;Ltjw;fhd Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s mjDila rptg;G> kQ;rs;> ePyk;> gr;ir kw;Wk; gpwg;gplj;jpd; ngah; #l;lg;gl;l =fyh`];jp fUg;Gepw rhaq;fspd; kpFjp ,jw;F xU tif fyk;fhhp me;j gFjpapy; epiwe;Js;s jdpj;Jtkhd milahsj;ij nfhLf;fpwJ. Nfhtpy;fshy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;J ,e;j tbtikg;ig cUthf;f 17 ftdkpf;f

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

cz;ik tpguk; Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s mjDila gpwg;gplj;jpd; ngah; #l;lg;gl;l =fyh`];jp tif fyk;fhhp cUthd me;j gFjpapy; epiwe;Js;s Nfhtpy;fshy; ngUkstpy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;J Guhzq;fis mjDila jhf;fkhf nfhz;L> uhkhahzk;> kfhghujk;> Guhzq;fs; kw;Wk; gftj; fPijapd; Kf;fpa mj;jpahaq;fis rpj;jhpf;Fk; mjDila ikaf; fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; mr;Rg;gyfq;fs; tiutjw;F kw;Wk; tz;zq;fs; jPl;Ltjw;Fk; vOJNfhy;fis gad;gLj;jp iffshy; tz;zk; jPl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

gbfis vLj;j NghjpYk;> =fyh`];jp iftpidQh;fs; ,e;j ghuk;ghpaj;ij Kd;Df;F nfhz;Lte;Js;shh;fs;. ifahy; tiuag;gLk; ,e;j tbtikg;G GJikahd tbtq;fshy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ NkYk; ,J igifs;> Nki[ Jzpfs; kw;Wk; tho;j;J ml;ilfshf cUkhwpAs;sJ. k`uh\;buhtpYs;s fUGh; tif fyk;fhp kuhl;ba czh;Tfshy; Mjp;f;fk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;j tif Mlk;gukhdjhFk; Vndd;why; iftpidQh;fs; jq;fSila Xtpaq;fspy; jq;fSila ifNtiyg;ghl;il jq;f [hpiffSld; ,izf;fpwhh;fs;. fUGh; tif kuhl;ba uh[hq;f kf;fSf;F kj;jpapy;

gpugykhFk; NkYk; ,e;j ifNtiyg;ghlhdJ Nriyfs; kw;Wk; Ntl;bfs; tbtpYs;s Mil jahhpg;G Jz;Lfshf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. fiy tbtk; rhh;e;j iftpidf; fiyQh;fspd; Mh;tj;ij ghJfhg;gjw;fhf> kj;jpa th;j;jf kw;Wk; njhopy; Jiw mikr;rh; jpUkjp eph;kyh rPjhuhkd; ,j;Jiwf;F nraY} f;fk; mspg;gjw;fhf xU topfhl;b tiuglj;ij cUthf;fpAs;shh;. cz;ik vd;dntd;why; midj;J rpukq;fSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; fyk;fhhp ,e;j tuyhw;W gazj;jpy; gpioj;J te;Js;SJ. %d;W E}w;whz;L MAshdJ ,e;jpa fiy kw;Wk; fiyj;jpwd;fspd; jhf;Fgpbj;jiyAk; epiyj;jd;ikiaAk; ep&gpf;fpwJ.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiy

ghuk;gupaj;jpy;

ijf;fg;gl;lJ

Jzpfs; mLf;fg;gl;L> xd;whfj; ijf;fg;gl;L> gpwF mjpf tbtikg;Gfs; nfhz;L myq;fupf;fg;gLfpd;w gPfhupd; fk;gsp ciw nra;Ak; ghuk;gupaf; fiyahd R[hdp tho;fi ; fapd; GJf; fl;lj;ijg; ghHf;fpwJ

,e;jpahtpd; ngUk;ghyhd fiy kw;Wk; iftpid tbtq;fs; fpuhkq;fisg; gpwg;gplkhff; nfhz;lit> ,Nj jhd; R[hdp tof;fpYk; cs;sJ> ,J gPfhupd; ghuk;gupa ijay; fiyahFk;. fpuhkj;jpy; tPLfspy; uh[Gj;jpu ngz;fs; Njitapd; xU gilg;ghf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. mq;F xl;L Ntiyf;F fdkhd Jzpiar; nra;a gad;gLj;jpa ngupa kw;Wk; rpwpa t`{zpj; Jz;Lfspd; mLf;Ffs; tz;z E}y;fs; %yk; xd;whfj; ijf;fg;gLfpd;;wd. R[hdp vd;w nrhy;ypy; R vd;gJ toptFg;gJ kw;Wk; [hdp vd;gJ ngw;nwLg;gJ Nghd;w mHj;jq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ. kPz;Lk; gpd;dH fdkhd xl;Lj;ijaiy cUthf;Ftjd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk;> xU nkd;ikahd jOtypy; Gjpjhfg; gpwe;j Foe;ijfisg; NghHj;jpf; nfhs;tjhFk;. Nfhil fhyj;jpd; NghJ> ,J xU nkj;ijapd; tbtk; vLf;fpwJ. ,d;W> uh[];jhdpd; njw;Fg; gFjpfspy; Nriyfs;> Jg;gl;lhf;fs;> NtW Milfs;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

R[hdp mzpag;gl;l kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Milfspy; ,Ue;J cUthf;fg;gLk; jdpj;Jtkhd rpj;jpu NtiyghLfs; nra;j ngz;; Nkijfisf; fhl;LfpwJ

kw;Wk; myq;fhuk; kPJ tbtq;fis cUthf;f R[hdp eilKiwapy; cs;sJ. gy E}w;whz;Lfshf> vk;g;nuha;lup ngUk;ghyhd ,e;jpa tPLfspd; Kf;fpa gFjpahf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ> ,y;yjurpfs;> ciof;Fk; kfspH vd ,UtUNk ,e;j mjprag; gilg;gpy; ehspd; xU rpy kzpj;jpahyj;ijr;; nrytpLfpd;wdH. vk;g;nuha;lup cyfk; KOtJk; mjpfkhf cs;sJ vd;whYk; ,f;fiyapd; kpfKe;ija cjhuzq;fs; fp.K 3-5 tJ E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd;ghff; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ld. R[hdp Kjypy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l NghJ> ngz;fs; ,e;j vk;g;nuha;lup %yk; ,aw;if> Mz;> ngz; nja;tq;fspd; glq;fis cUthf;fpdH. fiy tbtj;jpd;; Njit tsHifapy;> tbtq;fs; Nriyfs; kw;Wk; gpw Milg; nghUl;fspd;; kPJ ,ul;bg;gile;jJ. ,jd; tbtikg;Gfs; tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs; kw;Wk; fpuhk tho;f;ifapd; ehshe;j eltbf;iffisr; rpj;jupf;fpd;wd.

Rthu];akhd cz;ikfs; vk;g;nuha;lup fiyapd; kpfKe;ija cjhuzq;fs; fp.K 3-5 tJ E} w;whz;Lf;F Kd;ghff; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ld. R[hdp Kjypy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l NghJ> ngz;fs; vk;gpuha;lup %yk; ,aw;if> nja;tq;fs; kw;Wk; Njtpaupd; glq;fis cUthf;fpdH

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fiy

tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs; kw;Wk; fpuhk tho;f;ifapd; ehshe;j eltbf;iffisj; rpj;jupj;Js;s R[hdpapy; tbtikg;Gfs;

ghq;Ffs; kw;Wk; nghUl;fs;

fUg;nghUl;fs;

R[hdpapy;> ikaf;fUj;jpd; R[hdp nra;jpfis njuptpf;fTk; vy;iyf;NfhL xU fUik epwj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ngz;fs; rq;fpypj; ijaypy; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. jq;fs; tho;f;ifapd; rhd;iw gpd;dH> kPjKs;s ,lq;fSld; xl;Lj;ijayhf khw;wp> mtHfspd; kfpo;r;rp ikaf;fUj;Jfs; XLk; ijay;fisf; kw;Wk; Jf;fj;ijj; ijaypy; fhl;bdH. nfhz;L epug;gg;gLfpd;wd. xt;nthU R[hdpAk; xU fij gad;gLj;jpa MilfspypUe;J my;yJ xU mDgtj;ij NjHe;njLf;fg;glhj E}iyf; tptupf;fpd;wJ. R[hdp fiy nfhz;L xl;Lj;ijayplg;gLk;. tbtj;ij; g+Hj;jpnra;Ak; nghUl;fs; gpujhd ikaq;fs; ,g;NghJ xU tz;zf; $k;G my;yJ gfh fy;> jhdhH> kzpg;g+H myq;fhu kw;Wk; ifj;jwp nfhz;L kw;Wk; uhk;efH Mfpait nky;ypa k];ypd; kw;Wk; mq;Fs;s GRuh vd;w Kf;fpa gad;kpf;f Nriyfs;> FHjhf;fs; iftpidAld; NrHe;J cUg;gbahff; kw;Wk; Jg;gl;lhf;fisg;; R[hdpAk; xU Kf;fpakhd fz;L nfhs;s gad;gLj;jpr; nra;ag;gLk;. iftpidf; nfhj;jhfg; KbfpwJ NkYk; ];Nuhhy;fs;; kw;Wk; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; gPfhupy; [hf;nfw;Wfs; JrH gl;by; cs;s fpuhkq;fs;. ,d;W> ,Ue;J cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd. gy;NtW iftpid rigfs;> Kbf;fg;gl;l Njhw;wj;jpw;F mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; $LjyhfTs;s midj;J ,iofs; tbtikg;ghsHfs; ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf> kw;Wk; Kbr;Rfs; Kidfspy; ,Ue;J ,f;iftpid mjd; g+HtPfg; gFjpiaj; ntl;lg;gLk;. ,Wjp jahupg;G gpd;dH jhz;bg; gazpj;Js;sJ> cyfstpy; efur; fOtp Rj;jk; nra;ag;gLk;. re;ijapd; NjitfSf;F jPdpNghLfpwJ.

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

,lJ kw;Wk; NkNy: xU tPl;L ifj;jwpahf ,Ue;j R[hdp ,g;NghJ xU myq;fupf;fgl;l Milahf khwptpl;lJ

Gj;JapHg;G gy jrhg;jq;fshf> ,e;jf; fiy tbtk; khepyk; KOtJk; Ff;fpuhkq;fs; ,ilNa kiwe;jpUe;jJ> Mdhy; ,g;NghJ Gj;JapH ngWfpwJ. jw;Nghija tbtj;jpy;> mij xU myq;fhu kw;Wk; gaDs;s cUg;gbahff; fz;L nfhs;s KbAk;. gPfhH khepyk; K]hgHg+H khtl;lj;jpy;> mUfpr;nrd;w R[hdpia 1980 fspd; gpw;gFjpapy;; njhz;L epWtdq;fs; fhg;ghw;wpd> me;j epWtdq;fs; iftpidapd; kPJ ngz;fspd; ftdj;ij kPz;Lk; <Hj;jd. xU nghOJNghf;F Ntiyahf ,Ue;j mJ xU tzpff; fUj;jhf khwpaJ. tpw;gid mjpfupj;Js;sjhy; fUf;fs; kw;Wk; Jzpapd; jahupg;G ngz;fSf;F tYt+l;bAs;sJ. ,d;W> ghuk;gupa fUf;fs; Ntbf;ifahfTk;; eifr;RitahfTk; ,Ug;gjhf Gjpa jiyKiwapdH fUJtjhy;> ,e;jf; iftpid ngz;fSf;F tUkhdj;jpd;; xU Kf;fpa Mjhukhf tpsq;FfpwJ. jpwd;fisf; fw;fTk;>; iftpidf;F Gj;Japuspf;fTk; jw;Nghija kw;Wk; vjpHfhy jiyKiw nerthsHfSf;F ce;Jjyspf;f ,e;jg; gioa fiy cupa mq;fPfhuj;jpw;Fj; jFjpahdJ.

Nk - a+d; 2016

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ghuk;ghpak;

NgY}h; nrd;dNfrth Nfhtpypy; cs;s el;rj;jpu tbt gPlj;jpYs;s xU mofhf nrJf;fg;gl;l gf;f fy; gyfk;. Kfg;G gf;fk;: nrd;dNfrth Nfhtpypy; cs;s mofhd fy;ypy; nrJf;fpa xU rpw;gk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

fy; kPjhd Kf;Nfhz

nry;thf;F

rutzngyNfhyh> `NygPL kw;Wk; NgY}hpd; fiyeakhd rpw;gq;fs; kw;Wk; fw;fs; fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; murpay; tskpf;f tuyhw;iw NgRfpwJ.

fh;ehlf khepyk; `hrd; khtl;lj;jpYs;s rutzngyNfhyh> `NygPL kw;Wk; NgY} h; fh;ehlf jiyefuk; ngq;fStpypUe;J rpy E}W fpNyhkPl;lh;fSf;F gutpf; fplf;fpwJ. mNef tuyhWfs; ,e;j epidTr;rpd;dq;fspy; capNuhl;lkhf cs;sJ vd;gJ Mr;rhpag;glj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;fpwJ vdNt ,J gy;NtW fyhr;rhuq;fis kl;Lk; gpujpgypf;fhky; rka rfpg;Gj;jd;ikapd; gykhd milahsq;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. xt;nthU fy;Yk; mope;JNghd uh[;[paq;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; fyhr;rhu trPfuk; Fwpj;j xU fijia tpthpf;fpwJ. NgY}h; kw;Wk; `NygPL rpw;gq;fs; kw;Wk; rutzngyNfhyhtpYs;s xU ghiwapy; nrJf;fg;gl;l rpw;gkhdJ xU khngUk; rfhg;jj;ij gpujpgypf;Fk; ehfhPfq;fspd; fyhr;rhu FwPaPlhf ,Uf;fpwJ. khepyj;jpd; jiyefhpypUe;J `hrDf;F nry;Yk; xU neLQ;rhiyahdJ ,e;j %d;W ,lq;fisAk; ,izf;fpwJ kw;Wk; gy;NtW kjq;fis murhz;l mitfs; xd;whf ,Ug;gij kjpj;j gy;NtW murtk;rj;jpdh;fis gazpfSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,e;j fw;fs; N`ha;rhyh> rhSf;fpa> fq;fh> Nrhoh> uh\;bu$lh;fs; kw;Wk; cilahh; tk;rq;fspd;

Nk - a+d; 2016

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Map not to scale

ghuk;ghpak;

KARNATAKA Belur

Halebeedu Shravanabelagola

njhpe;Jnfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ n rd;Wtu rpwe;j Neuk; mf;Nlhgh; kw;Wk; Vg;uYf;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyk; v t;thW nry;tJ ,uapy; %yk;: rfNy\;G+h; ,uapy; epiyak; (26 fp.kP.) kw;Wk; `hrd; ,uapy; epiyak; (40 fp.kP.) tpkhdk; %yk;: gh[;Ng tpkhd epiyak;> kq;fSh; kw;Wk; ik#h; tpkhd epiyak;

Nfhtpy;fSf;fhf jl;rpz thuzhrp my;yJ njw;F gdhu]; vd miof;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. And];Nfhtpd; fPo; ,e;j ,uz;L cyf ghuk;ghpa epidTr; rpd;dq;fSk; mofhd NgY}h; kw;Wk; `NygPL kw;Wk; njspthd myq;fhu tbtq;fis NgY}h; kw;Wk; `NygPL Nfhtpy;fs; rpwe;j mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ. N`ha;rhyh fl;llf;fiyahf mwpag;gLfpwJ. i[d kjj;ij topgl;Ls;shh;> ,f;Nfhtpy;fs; fl;llf;fiy mjd;gpd; itztj;ij N`ha;rhyhtpd; ty;Yeh; [f;fz;zh Mr;rhh;ah gpd;gw;wpAs;shh; mjd;gpd;dh; my;yJ mkurpy;gp [fdhr;rhh;ah Ke;ija irt khh;f;fj;jpw;F khwpAs;shh;. mth;fshy; fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;. jiyefukhd N`ha;rhyh;fs; fpl;lj;jl;l ,e;j Nfhtpy;fspy; Guhzq;fs;> NgY}h; mg;NghJ %d;W E}w;whz;Lfshf cgepljq;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;j rpwpa uh[;[paj;ij NtyGhp vd ,uhkhahzk; khfhghujj;jpYs;s Ml;rpnra;J te;Js;sdh;> gpw Guhz fjhghj;jpuq;fspd; fy; miof;fg;gl;lJ ,J Fwpg;ghf fhNthp kw;Wk; rpw;gq;fis ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. Jq;fgj;jpuh ejpfSf;F ahfr;rp ejpf;fiuapy; ,ilapy; njw;F nlf;fhd; gFjpfs; tiuAk; mike;Js;s NgY}h; N`ha;ryh tphptile;jpUe;jJ. Nguurpd; gioa jiyefukhFk;. ,q;Nf NgY}h; Nfhtpy; N`ha;ryh Njhz;bnaLf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;Lf;fspd; fl;blf;fiyapd; rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfspy; gb> NgY}h; mg;Nghija NtyGhp vd xd;whFk;. jyfhl;by; itj;J fp.gp. Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;efuk; mjDila murpay;> fyhr;rhu> r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu tuyhw;iw tpthpf;fpd;wd.

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

N`ha;rhyh fl;llf;fiyapd; fiy moFf;F xU rhl;rpahd rpyghypf;fhtpd; fy; gyfk;

1117k; Mz;by; Nrhoh;fis ntd;wjd; mofhd rpygypfhf;fs; (ehl;baf;fhuh;fs;) epidthf ,J kd;dh; tp\;Zth;j;jdhy; cl;gl ,J mofhd Ntiyg;ghLfis fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;. ,ij fl;b Kbf;f nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Eiothapypd; tp\;Dth;j;jdpd; Ngud; ,uz;lhk; tPu ,UGwKk; thapw;fhtyh;fshy; gy;yhyh; tiu ntspg;gilahf 103 myq;fhpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. NfhtpYf;F tUlq;fs; vLj;jJ. cs;Ns mofhd J}z;fs; gy NgY}h; kw;Wk; cs;sd. NgY}h; Nfhtpypd; `NygPLtpYs;s 11k; E} Rth;fspy; nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;s NgY}h; Nfhtpypd; w;whz;L Nfhtpy;fspd; jh;gz Re;jhp (fz;zhbapyhd Kfg;G mofhd fy;ypy; ftpij cs;sJ. ngz;) ,q;NfAs;s Kf;fpa rpw;gq;fs; kw;Wk; rpygypfh]; rpw;gq;fs;> Nghh; <h;g;Gfspy; xd;whFk;. cUtr;rpiyfshy; jsthlq;fs;> Guhzq;fs;; Xuhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F kw;Wk; jdpj;Jtkhd ghzp Kd;dh; xU Jwtpia Gyp epiwe;J xUtiu gpukpg;gilar; xd;W jhf;fpaJ vd;W Guhzk; fhzg;gLfpwJ nra;fpd;wd. NgY}h; Nfhtpy; nrhy;fpwJ. mUfpypUe;j Kfg;G ve;j gFjpfisAk; xU goq;Fb tPuid mth; ntWikahf tplhky; myq;fhukhd cjtpf;F mioj;jhh;: ‘N`ha; rhyh!’ rhyh rpw;gq;fs; kw;Wk; cUtr;rpiyfshy; vd ngahplg;gl;l me;j kdpjDk; jaf;fk; epuk;gp fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,J ahidfs;> vJTkpy;yhky; Gypia Nehf;fpr; nrd;W rpq;fq;fs;> Fjpiufs; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa Guhz jd;Dila <l;bia me;j kpUfj;jpd; ,jpfhrq;fspd; mj;jpahaq;fs; NkYk; kPJ gha;r;rpdhd;. ,e;j ,isQd;jhd;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;ghpak;

N`a;rhyh tk;rj;ij Njhw;wtpj;jtd; vd gpwF khypf; fh/Ghpd; gilfshy; ek;gg;gLfpwJ. ,isQd; Gypia nfhy;tJ #iwahlg;gl;lJ. Nghd;w glk;jhd; N`ha;rhy tk;rj;jpd; rpd;dkhf cs;sJ. rutzngyNfhyh xU ,isQd; ‘gioa efuk;’ vd;w tpj;jpahfphp kiyapy; mh;j;jKs;s `NygPL mike;Js;s xNu ghiwapy; Gyp xd;iw efukhdJ NgY}hpy; ,Ue;J nrJf;fg;gl;l NfhkjP];tuh nfhy;tJ 16 fp.kP. njhiytpy; nja;tj;jpd; rpw;gkhdJ Nghd;w glNk mike;Js;sJ. ,J goq;fhyj;jpa murh;fs;> N`ha;rhyh N`ha;rhyh;fspd; jiyefukhf Jwtpfs;> ,ufrpaq;fs; cUntLj;jJ kw;Wk; ,J kw;Wk; Jwtpapdq;fis tk;rj;jpd; Kd;dh; jturKj;jpuh vd gpujpgypf;fpwJ. fp;gp. 978rpd;dkhFk; miof;fg;gl;lJ. N`ha;rhyh; 993 Mk; Mz;LfSf;F ,q;F 150 tUlq;fs; Ml;rp ,ilapy; fpuhidl; kiy nra;jdh;. ,jd;gpd;> 14k; E}w;whz;bd; ghiwg;gLf;ifapy; nrJf;fg;gl;l 58 Jtf;fj;jpy; ,e;j tk;rk; tPo;r;rpAw;w mb 8 mq;FyKila NfhkjP];tuh;

N`ha;rhyh fl;blf;fiyapd; xU thOk; epidTr;rpd;dkhd `NygPLtpy; cs;s N`ha;rhNy];tuh Nfhtpy;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

rpiyjhd; cyfj;jpNyNa kpf caukhf (cz;ikapy;> xU FWf;F XilahFk;) vOk;gp epw;Fk; rpiyahFk;. mt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ ghFgyp vdTk; miof;fg;gLk; Vndd;why; mJ NtjidAk; NfhkjP];tuh; Kjy; jPj;jq;fu JauKk; epiwe;j rk;rhu NfhkjP]t ; uh; Mjpej;jhpd; kfdhthh; fliy flf;fTk; kw;Wk; rpiyjhd; (jPh;j;jq;fuh;fs; vd;gth;fs; kWgpwg;G vd;w KbTwhj cyfj;jpNyNa rkz kjj;jpd; Guhz> Qhd Row;rpapypUe;J tpLjiy Kdpth;fshthh;fs;). ngwTk; Mirg;gLgth;fSf;F kpf caukhd 12 tUlq;fSf;F cjTfpwJ. ghFgyp vOk;gp epw;Fk; xUKiw ghFgypapd; jiy n[apd; tpLjiyapd; ,Wjp xNu ghiwapy; mgpN\f rlq;fhd cyfg; milahskhf ,Uf;Fk; vdTk; nra;j Gfo;nghw;w kfhkrj;fgpN\ rpwe;jjhf ,Uf;Fk; vdTk; fh mLj;j 2018k; Mz;by; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. rpiyahFk; tUfpwJ> ,J mwpnthspf;Fs; ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; kw;Wk; topelj;Jk; vd ek;gg;gLfpwJ. Guhzq;fspd; gb> gujDk; n[apd; jj;Jtg;gb> xU jPh;j;jk; ghFgypAk; jpahfk;> kPl;G kw;Wk; cyf

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;ghpak;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

fhhpaq;fis Jwj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpd; milahs gpujpgypg;ghf ,Ue;jdh;. fij ,t;thW nry;fpwJ> ghFgyp my;yJ NfhkjP];tuh; Kjy; jPh;j;jfuhfpa hp\ gehjhTf;Fk; murp Rde;jhtpw;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ kfd; Mthh;. mtUf;F gujd; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpw xU khw;whe;jha; rNfhjuDk; cz;L. Hp\ghit Jwe;j gpwF> gujd; kw;Wk; ghFgyp ,uz;L kfd;fSk; Ml;rp nra;tjw;fhf hp\gh uh[;[paj;jpd; ,uz;L ntt;NtW gFjpfis ngw;wdh;. gujd; tpiutpNyNa jd;idr; Rw;wpAs;s gy;NtW rpw;wurh;fis mlf;f Muk;gpj;jhd; NkYk; mtDila rNfhjud; ghFgypiaAk; gpw 98 NgiuAk; jd;dplk; ruzila Ntz;Lnkd;whd;. ghFgypiaj; jtpu midtUk; jq;fs; uh[;[paq;fis tpl;Lf;nfhLj;Jtpl;L Jwtpfs; Mdhh;fs;. ghFgyp kl;Lk; ruzila kWj;Jtpl;lhh;. Mifahy; gujd; ghFgypia rz;ilf;F mioj;jhd;. ghFgyp gujid n[apf;fg;NghFk; epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> mtd; jPBnud nghUs;rhh;e;j ntw;wpapYs;s ngUikapd; mgj;jj;ij czh;e;jhd;> rz;ilia tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jhd;> xU Jwtpahfp xU n[apd; rukzhthf gy;NtW jtq;fis nra;a Muk;gpj;jhd;. n[apd; kuGg;gb> mtrh;gpdp Neuj;jpy; fhy rfhg;gjj;jpd; miu Row;rpf;F ,wq;fp KjyhtJ ,ul;rizia ngw;wJ ghFgyp Mthh; Mifahy; tpLjiy ngw;w Kjy; kdpjdhf ,Ue;jjdhy; mth; xU gpugQ;r topghl;Lg; nghUshdhh;. ghFgyp jdp gpufhrj;jpy; epw;fpw tpe;jafphpapd; cr;rpapYs;s njd;wy;fspd; mjpra xspahdJ mth; jd;Dila

vjpu; gf;fk;: xw;iwf;fy;yhyhd NfhkhNj];tuu; rpiy> ghFgyp murd; rpiy vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. NkNy : nrd;dNfrt NfhtpypYs;s mofpa rpw;g fiy -ju;gz Re;jup -ifapy; fz;zhbAld; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; xU kq;if

rNfhjudplk; uh[;[paj;ij tpl;Lf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L Jwtwj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;l jpahfj;ij vjpnuhypf;fpwJ. ik#hpd; fq;if uh[;[paj;jpd; rpwe;j gilj;jiytuhd rKe;juah mtUila mk;kh fyyh Njtpapd; gf;jp Miria epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf mtUila nrhe;j FUf;fshd m[pjnrd;> Mr;rhh;ah kw;Wk; nekpre;jpu rpj;jhe;j rf;futh;jpd; MfpNahhpd; topfhl;lypd;gb> Xtpah; mhp];j;jnekp %ykhf rpw;gj;ij nrJf;fpdhh; vd nrhy;yg;gLfpJ.

Nk - a+d; 2016

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ghuk;gupak; 200 Mz;L goikahd fl;llj;ij> tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j khspifia> kPl;nlLj;J gazpfSf;fhf jw;nghOJ jpwe;J tplgl;Ls;sJ.

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Nk - a+d; 2016

jiyg;G kdkpUe;jhy;

khHf;fKz;L

,Jtiu vg;NghJk; nra;jpuhj Kaw;rpahf. 200 tUlq;fs; goikahd> gioa jpy;ypapYs;s xU khspif Gduikf;fgl;L mjd; mry; kfpikf;F kPlf ; g;gl;Ls;sJ

,e;jpahtpd; goq;fhy murpay; jiyefuj;ij ghu;j;J xUtuhy; Mr;rupaglhky; ,Uf;f KbahJ. jpy;ypapd; ghuk;gupaj;ij Fwpj;J kjpy; efupd; kf;fSld; ciuahbaNghJ> mNefk; NgUf;F \h[`ehghj; Kw;wpYk; kwe;Nj NghapUe;jJ. cz;ikapy; ngUk;ghyhd jpy;yp thrpfSf;F mg;gb xd;W ,Ug;gNj njupe;jpUf;f tha;g;gpy;iy> mg;g;bapUf;Fk;NghJ>gioa jpy;ypapd; rpwpa mjprakhd ju;kGuhit gw;wp njupe;jpUf;f

KbahJ. Mdhy; xU gioa ghoile;j khspifia ngUk; ciog;Gf;F gpd; kPl;likj;J jw;NghJ Nfhay; ]h`g; fp `Ntyp vd;w ngaupy; mwpag;gLfpwJ>xU fhyj;jpy; ju;kGutpd; GfOf;F fhuzkhf ,Ue;j fl;llf;fiyia cyFf;F fhl;rpgLj;Jtjw;fhd Kjy; eltbf;if jhd; ,J. ,ilf;fhy tuyhw;iw xU fhjy; fhtpaghq;fpy; Gupe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhd midj;J

Nk - a+d; 2016

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ghuk;gupak;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

,lkpUe;J tyk; : yf;Nfhup cztfk; jukhd Kfhya mUQ;Ritfis toq;FfpwJ.> fzprkhd INuhg;gpa kw;Wk; Kfhya jhf;fk; nfhz;l fl;llf;fiy kw;Wk; tbtikg;G> tprhykhd ,Ug;gplk; nfhz;lJ vd;w ngUikAilaJ> khspifia kPl;nlLj;j ngUik tp[a; Nfhay; kw;Wk; rpj;jhu;j; Nfhaiy rhUk;

tplaq;fSk; ju;kGuhtpy;Ys;sJ. 19Mk; E} w;whz;il Nru;e;j Nfhtpy;fs;. khspiffs;> ahj;uPfu;fSf;fhd jq;Fk; tpLjpfs; Nghd;wit jdpjd;iktha;e;jit. ,itfis kPl;likg;gjd; Nehf;fk;> kjpy; efuk; vg;gb ,Ue;jnjd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;LtJ jhd;. ju;kGuh vd;w Mf;fpa nrhy; Gof;fj;jpw;F tUtjw;F gy tuyhw;W epfo;Tfs; fhuzk;. E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;G ,q;F K];yPk;fSk; rkzu;fSk; mikjpAld; $btho;e;Js;shu;fs;. Gfo;ngw;w [kh k];[pj; kw;Wk; Rw;wpYk; K];yPk;fs; thOk; gFjpfspUe;Jk; rkzu;fs; ,q;F ngUk;ghd;ikahf tho;e;J kpfTk; mofhd Nfhtpy;fis mUfhikapy; vOg;gpdhu;fs;. xUNtis kj rfpg;Gjd;ik Vw;gLj;jpa Cf;fk; fhuzkhf mwpQ;ru;fs; ju;kj;jpd; ,Ug;gplk; my;yJ ju;kGuh vd;W mioj;jhu;fNsh vd;dNth. Kjy; Kiw khspiff;F nry;gtu;fSf;F> ve;j NeuKk; ,be;J tpof;$ba epiyapYs;s xU fl;llj;ij jtpu NtW vijAk; fw;gid gz;zpf;$l ghu;f;fKbahJ. gy jw;fhypf kw;Wk; Kiwaw;w $Ljy; me;j mikg;G fl;Lkhdj;jpy; msTf;F kPwpa Rik Vw;wgl;bUe;jJ. me;j khspifia fhg;ghw;w vLf;Fk; Kaw;rp xU mr;r%l;Lk; fdthf ,Uf;f$Lnkd;gJ cz;ikahf ,Ue;j NghJk;> xU kPs;fz;Lgpbg;Gf;F cupajhfNt ,Ue;jJ. mjd; ,Ug;gplk; jhd; mij ju;kGuk; vd;W milahsg;gLj;JfpwJ vd vy;NyhUf;Fk; epidf;fNjhd;wpaJ lupgh eiff;fil re;ij kw;Wk; fpdhup g[hu; mUfhikapypUe;jJ> nrq;Nfhl;ilapYs;s mzptFg;G jplypypUe;J 100 mb rhiy topahf ele;Nj ,e;j ,lj;jpw;F te;J tplyhk;. ,Ue;jhYk; ,e;j khspifia kPl;nlLg;gnjd;gJ xU njhiyJ} u fdthfNt ,Ue;jJ. fz;Zf;F Kd;dhy; njupe;jnjy;yhk; miwf;Fs; Nrkpg;G gFjpfSf;fhf itf;fg;l;bUe;j tYT+l;l;gl;l fw;fhiu tpjhd gyfq;fs;

Nk - a+d; 2016

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ghuk;gupak;

kl;LNk.. rikayiw kw;Wk; fopg;giwf;fhf gyiffs; rpijTw;wpUe;jJ. mry; fz;zhb miwfs; rpW rpW gFjpfshf gpupf;fgl;bUe;jd. gyfq;fs; ,y;yhk;ypUe;jJ my;yJ fjTfSk; [d;dy;fSk; jLf;fgl;bUe;jhYk; cile;jpUe;jJ. Ez;zpa Ntiyg;ghLfSld; Rtu;fspy; ngupa mstpy; <ukhd jpl;Lfs; kzw;ghiwapy; tbf;fgl;bUe;j Kd; Kfg;G njupe;jd. JUj;jpa khb Kfg;Gfs; $l rupahf guhkupf;fgltpy;iy. Nkhrkhd epiyapy; rpije;Jk; me;juq;f jstikg;Gld; ,q;F mghakhd epiyapYk; ,Ue;jJ. gz;il fhyj;jpy; 'jPd; rTf; fp rkkw;w RikNaw;wk; fhuzkhf `Ntyp' Vd;wwpagl;l Kw;wj;jpy; K];yk P f ; Sk; $iuapd; Nky;Gwk; ,be;J Mz;fSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; jdp rkzu;fSk; fhzgl;lJ> NkYk; Rtu;fspy; jdp ,lq;fs; xJf;fgl;bUe;jd>xU mikjpAld; tpuprYk; njupe;jJ. kuj;jhyhd fhyj;jpy; ,itfs; cs;Shu; $b tho;eJ ; J}yfrl;lq;fSk; tpl;lq;fSk; rkz r%fj;jpdupd; ngUkpjk; njha;Tw;wpUe;jJ. Kjy; js kw;Wk; nropg;gpd; milahskhf te;Js;shu;fs; khb Kfg;ig jhq;fpapUe;j fUjgl;bUe;jJ. mbg;gilaPy; mJ rpy rptg;G kzw;ghiwfs; J} xU rk;gpujha Aj;jpapy yf;Nfhup shf ,Ue;jJ. fw;J}z;fs; nraw;if nrq;fw;fshy; fl;lgl;l> fdkhd Rtiu nfhz;l tz;zG+r;Rfshy; kiwf;fgl;bUe;jJ. ku gSjhq;Fk; fl;likg;ghFk;> ku tpl;lq;fSld; fjTfs;> ku rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; milg;G $ba cl;$iuia Rz;zhk;Gf;fhiuahy;. %b>

ju;kGuh khspifapd; ika Kw;wk; midj;J miwfSld; Neu;tupirapy; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

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Nk - a+d; 2016

,e;jpa fyhr;rhuk;> ehl;bak; kw;Wk; ,irapypUe;J czT tiffs;

tiu ,e;j %d;W mLf;F khspif fhl;rpg;gLj;JfpwJ

xNu rPuhf Rik guTtjw;fhf rhJupakhf rthy;> mij ,d;Dk; gy Mz;LfSf;F ePbf;f tbtikf;fgl;l tisTfis. nfhz;lJ. nra;tJk; jhd;. .mbj;jsk; kw;Wk; ,ilepiy khbapd; xU ehk; tpUk;gpa gyid mila> 24 gpuptpy; ufrpa eiltopAld; $ba ufrpa kzpNeuKk; thuj;jpw;F 7 ehl;fSk; 50 f;Fk; fhg;ghiwfs; ,Ue;jd. Kw;wj;ij Rw;wp jiu Nkw;gl;l njhopyhsu;fspd; fLk; ciog;G Ie;J jsj;jpYk; Kjy; jsj;jpYk; mofpa fw;fspy; Mz;LfSf;F Njitgl;lJ. Rz;zhk;G fyit nrJf;fgl;l tisTfSk; J} Ntiy kw;Wk; fw;fis nrJf;f z;fSk; ,Ue;jd. jpiur;rPiyfSld; njupe;j iftpidQu;fis Njb $ba tisthd thapy;fs; topahf fz;Lgpbg;gjpYk; rup> mtu;fis khspifia khspiff;Fs; ,aw;ifahd xsp nfhz;L ,d;iwa etPd trjpfis kPln ; lLg;gJ gha;e;jJ>NkYk; Nfhil fhyq;fspy; cUthf;FtjpYk; rup> ,jd; miwia Fspu;r;rpahfTk; nraw;ghq;Fk; gazKk; Rthurpakhf kl;Lky;y itj;jpUe;jJ. ,g;nghOJ ,Ue;jJ> khspifapd; mryhd rthy;> mij ,Uf;Fk; xU khb Kfg;gpy; fl;likg;igAk; jd;ikiaak; ,d;Dk; gy ryitf;fy;ypy; nrJf;fgl;l mryhd jf;fitg;gjw;Nf Kd;Dupik Mz;LfSf;F myq;fhu mr;RNtiyg;ghLfs; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. ePbf;f kw;Wk; nrJf;fgl;l ku gpupf;fgl;l midj;J Rtu;fSk; Ntiyg;ghLfisAk; fhzyhk;. ePf;fg;gl;l gpwF> mryhd ntw;wplk; nra;tJk; jhd \h[`hdhghjpNyh my;yJ fpilf;fngw;wJ. kPl;fg;gl;l by;ypapay; NtW VjhtJ ,lj;jpNyh ntw;wplq;fs; rupahd kPs;gaDf;F ,Nj Nghd;w khspif kPl;nlLg;G nra;jjw;fhd cfe;jjhf ,Ue;jJ. Njhy;G+u; fw;J}z;fs; Kd;epfo;T Nkw;Nfhs; VJkpy;iy. NkYk; fdkhd tz;zG+r;Rf;fshy;> mjd; mryhd ,be;J tpOtij jLf;f gOjile;j Rtu;fis gsgsg;ig ,oe;jpUe;jhYk;> Rj;jgLj;jpa gpd;G rhuf;fl;ilfshy; jhq;fp gpbf;fgl;ld.fl;llk; mjpy; nrJf;fgl;bUe;j xt;nthU EZf;fKk; jhu;gha;fshy; %lg;gl;ld. Mdhy; gioa ,g;gTk; njspthf ghu;f;f Kbe;jJ. ghuk;gupa kfpikf;F khspifia kPl;nlLg;gJ kl;Lky;y Rz;zhk;G rhe;J G+r;Rld; $ba xU fl;Lkhd

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

GJg;gpfpf;fg;gl;l ntspGwk; cztfj;Jf;F mioj;J nry;fpwJ

ghzp ,d;W vq;Fk; tof;fpypy;iy vd;gjhy;> mij NkYk; guhkupf;fgl;L> tYT+l;lg;gLk; mJ Nghd;w Ntiyfs; njupe;j nfhj;jdhiu tpjj;jpy; ePu; xl;lhik G+r;R nra;ag;gl;lJ. fz;Lgpbg;gNj ngUk; rthyhf ,Ue;jJ. Rtu;fspy; njupe;j ePskhd> Mokhd ey;yfhyk;> nrq;Nfhl;ilia ntbg;Gfis nkd; v/F NgZk; Ntiyfs; mg;nghOJ fk;gpfshy; FWf;F ijay; ele;J nfhz;bUe;jjhy;> rpy Kiwapy; ,izf;fgl;lJ. fl;Lkhdj;ij nfhj;jdhu;fs; fpilj;jhu;fs;. GtpaPu;g;G re;jilg;G Kiwia GJg;gpf;fTk; Rz;zf;fyit> kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jp fl;Lkhdj;jpy; jw;gz;ig Jfs;kzy; gbf;fhu fyit njupe;j Xl;ilfSk; njupe;j Ntiyahl;fs; ,ilntspfSk; milf;fgl;ld. jf;fitg;gjw;fhfTk; fpilj;jhu;fs;. ,jDld; midj;J kzw;ghiw Rtu; 50 njhopyhsu;fs; fyg;G nghUl;fshf rl;lq;fSk; tYT+l;lgl;L Ie;J Mz;Lfs; ngypfpup> Fu; \Puh Nghd;w jf;fitf;fgl;lJ. thu;g;gpUk;G ciof;f %ypif nghbfs;> rzy; ifgpbfs; \h[`hd; ,iofs;> nte;jak; kw;Wk; fhyj;J ghzp thu;g;gpUk;G Ntz;bapUe;jJ gUg;GfSk; Nru;f;fgl;lJ. ifgpbfs; Nghd;wit mjd; ek;gfjd;ikia cWjp n[a;G+upYk; Eiothapy; ku nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; Rtu;fs; kw;Wk; $iufs; fjT uh[];jhdpYs;s n\fhtjpapYk; fl;lgl;ld. mryhd yf;Nfhup nrq;fy; tbtikj;J nrJf;fgl;lJ. ,e;j fl;Lkhdk; ey;y epiyapyNa fhzgl;lJ.> khspifapd; jdpjd;iktha;e;j rpwg;gpay;G

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

ju;kGuh khspifapd; Eiothapy;

vd Kfhya> tpf;Nlhupa murp fhyj;jpa jiu jsj;jpYk; nkhl;il khbapYKs;s kw;Wk; ,e;J fl;llf;fiyapd fyit cztfq;fs;> kjp kaf;Fk; R+oy; kw;Wk; vd;gij Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,e;j khspif Ritkzj;jpd; mw;Gj fyit. jtpu Kjypy; FbapUg;G kw;Wk; tzpf kPln ; lLg;G kw;Wk; NgZjy; Fwpj;J mwpa gad;ghl;bw;nfd;W jhd; tpUk;Gk; khztu;fSf;F mJ tbtikf;fgl;lJ. jiu xU fyhrhu kw;Wk; mwpT jsj;jpYs;s filfspd; ikak;. khiy Ntisfspy; ,e;j khspif thapy;fs; njUgf;fk; gy;NtW fiy tbtq;fis Kfhya> Nehf;fpapUg;gJk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd ,lkhfTk; kPjKs;s jsq;fs; ,e;j khspif ,g;nghOJ tpf;Nlhupa FbapUg;G gFjpfshfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ . kPln ; lLf;fgl;l murp fhyj;jpa tbtikf;fgl;bUg;gJ mjd; khspif> ,g;NghJ Kw;wpYk; kw;Wk; ,e;J fyg;G gad;ghl;il Fwpf;fpwJ. Gjpjhf tz;zk; G+rg;gl;l fl; llf;fiyapd; ,e;j khspif jw;nghOJ Rtu;fs;> > gsgsg;ghd ku xU fyit nghJkf;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; fjTfs; kw;Wk; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l tpjj;jpy; khw;wgl;Ls;sJ. fz;zhb gyfq;fis nfhz;L ,g;nghOJ ,e;j khspif> kPzL ; k; GJ nghypTld; jpfo;fpwJ. kJ mUe;jfj;Jld; Nru;ej ; ,uz;L \h[`hd;ghjpYs;s Mapuf;fzf;fhd cztfq;fs; kw;Wk; 13 miwfis nfhz;l kw;w khspiffSf;F ,J xU GJ cz;Liw tpLjpahf khw;wgl;Ls;sJ. ek;gpf;ifia mspf;fpwJ

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;ghpak;

rptdpd;

nrhh;f;f tPL

vy;Nyhuhtpy; cs;s cyf ghuk;ghpa ];jyj;jpd; xU ikaj; Jz;lhd ifyhrh; Nfhtpy; ,ka kiyapYs;s ifyhr kiyapd; xU milahs khjphpahFk; ciu | NuDfh #h;atd;rp

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

k`uh\;bu khepyk; mjpf mstpyhd epidTr; rpd;dq;fspd; jhafkhf jpfo;fpwJ ,J ehl;bd; tskhd fyhr;rhuk;> ghuk;ghpak; kw;Wk; kuig fhz;gpf;fpwJ. Kk;igapy; cs;s ,e;jpa Eiothapy;> jt;yjhghj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; re;j; kpdhh;> mfh fhd; muz;kid kw;Wk; GNdapy; ,Uf;Fk; Nfrhp tlh Nghd;wit rpy epidT rpd;dq;fshFk; ,J gy;NtW fhyfl;lj;ijAk; kw;Wk; flw;fiu khepyk; rhl;rpapLfpd;w uh[ tk;rq;fisAk;

gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. vdpDk;> mTuq;fhgh;j;jpd; njhy;nghUspay; ];jykhd vy;Nyhuhtpy; mike;Js;s xU fl;llf;fiy mjprakhd ifyhrh; NfhtpYf;F nry;ytpy;iynad;why; k`uh\;bu Rw;Wg;gazk; KOikaw;wjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. xNu ghiwapy; xU rpw;gk; nrJf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhdy; ,J cyfstpy; gpurpj;jp ngw;wjhFk;. ,e;j ,e;J rka Nfhtpy; 8k; E}w;whz;by; Kjyhk; fpU\;zhtpdhy; fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;. flTs;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;ghpak;

NkNy: ifyhrh; Nfhtpypd; tlf;F gf;fk;> vy;Nyhuh Fiffspd; ghfk;; Kfg;G gf;fk;: ifyhrehjh; Nfhtpypy; cs;s fNzrh; rpw;gk;

rptngUkhDf;F mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l ,J 109 mb mfyKk; 164 mb ePsKk; cilajhFk;. ifyhrh; Myak; vy;Nyhuh Fiffis cUthf;Fk; 34 klhyaq;fs; kw;Wk; Nfhtpy;fspy; xd;whFk;. ,it rajhhp kiyfspd; xU caukhd fbd nrq;Fj;J ghiwapd; Rthpy; 2 fp.kP J}uj;jpw;F gf;fq;fspy; Njhz;lg;gl;ls;sd. Fif Nfhtpy; vz; 16 gy;yth;fs; ghzpapd;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

milahsj;ij nfhz;bUf;fpwJ NkYk; mjDila Ntiyg;ghL kw;Wk; ghiw ntl;L fl;llf;fiyapd; rpw;g myq;fhpg;gpy; jpuhtpl fl;llf;fiyia xj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,f;Nfhtpypd; fl;Lkhdk; fp.gp 757y; Muk;gpj;J fp.gp 783y; Kbe;jJ. ,f;Nfhtpypd; tbtikg;ghdJ mw;Gjkhd rpf;fiy cUthf;Ftjpy; cs;s rpf;fy;jd;ikapd; fhuzkhf tuyhw;whsh;fisAk; fl;llf;fiy

ty;Yeh;fis tpag;gpy; Mo;j;jpAs;sJ. ifyhrh; Nfhtpypd; fl;llf;fiyahdJ NkypUe;J fPohf Njhz;lg;gl;l nrq;Fj;jhd Njhz;lYf;F gpurpj;jp ngw;wjhFk;. ,e;j xw;iwf; fy; mikg;ig fl;Ltjw;F Rkhh; 200>000 ld; ghiwfis mfw;Wtjw;F rpw;gpfSf;F 20 tUlq;fs; vLj;jJ vd tuyhw;wpy; cs;sJ. gpd;dh;> ,e;j mikg;ig cUthf;Ftjw;F %d;W tifahd cspfs;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Lsd vd njhy;nghUs; Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; KbTf;F te;Js;sdh;. Nfhtpypd; Eiothapypd; ,lJ gf;fk; cs;s ngUk;ghyhd nja;tq;fs; irzthf;fs; mNjNeuj;jpy; tyJGwk; ,Ug;gth;fs; it\;zt r%fj;jth;fshFk;. %d;W js caukhd J}z;fSila kz;lgghij Nfhtpy; Kw;wj;jpy; KbfpwJ. ghuk;ghpa rptd; Nfhtpypd; gb> gpufhuj;jpy; mike;Js;s ,uz;L mikg;GfSk; rptypq;fj;ij Nehf;fpa Gdpj fhis kw;Wk; ee;jpapd; cUtq;fis nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ee;jp kz;lgk; kw;Wk; gpujhd rptd; Nfhtpy; 7 kP cauKilajhfTk; ,uz;L jsq;fSf;F NkyhfTk; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,uz;LNk tphpthd tpsf;f rpw;gq;fis nfhz;l jplkhd mikg;GfshFk;. mbkl;lkhdJ KO mikg;igAk; ahidfNs jhq;fpapUg;gJ Nghd;w xU jhf;fj;ij Vw;g;gLj;JfpwJ.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;ghpak;

,f;Nfhtpypd; gpurpj;jp ngw;w mikg;Gfspy; xd;W vd;dntd;why; nghy;yhj murd; uhtzdd; ifyhr kiyia J} f;f Kaw;rpg;gjhFk;. Nfhtpypd; J}z;fs;> [d;dy;fs; kw;Wk; $Lif kz;lgq;fs; ,it nja;tq;fs; kw;Wk; gpw cUtq;fspd; cUtq;fshy; nrJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. vy;Nyhuh Fiffs; gy E}w;whz;Lfshf kwf;fbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ Mdhy; vy;Nyhuh Fif Nfhtpy;fs; ,e;jpa kjk; kw;Wk; fiyapd; xU cjhuzkhf Afnkq;fpYk; ehfhPf cyfj;jpw;F ngah;ngw;wjhapUf;fpd;wd. ,uz;lhk; fhh;fhtpd; gNuhlh jhkpu jfL vyg;Guhtpy; (mjhtJ vy;Nyhuhtpy;) cs;s mw;Gjkhd Njhz;ly;fis Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. muG gazp my; kRjp kw;Wk; tuyhw;whsh; ghp];jh ,UtUk; vy;Nyhuh gw;wp jq;fSila fzf;Ffspy; gjpTnra;j ,];yhkpa fhyj;J mjpfhhpfshthh;fs;. ,jd; Nfhtpy;fs; %ykhf %d;W ek;gpf;iffs; - nghsj;jk;> ,e;Jj;Jtk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

kw;Wk; rkzj;ij gpujpgypf;Fk; vy;Nyhuh Fiffs; And];Nfhtpdhy; (UNESCO) cyf ghuk;ghpa ];jykhf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,it Nkw;F ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s Fif Nfhtpy; fl;llf;fiyapy; cr;repiyia miljiy Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. nrq;Fj;J ghiwapd; gf;fthl;by; njw;fpypUe;J tlf;fhf nry;Yk;NghJ> klhyaq;fs; kw;Wk; xw;iw nghpa Nfhtpy;fis nfhz;bUf;fpw Gj;j

Kfg;G gf;fk;: goikahd ,e;J Nfhtpy; cs;Ns jplkhd ghiwapy; nrJf;fg;gl;l rka cUtq;fs;; (NkNy) vy;Nyhuhtpy; cs;s ifyhrh; Nfhtpy;

FOtpd; 12 Fiffis xUtuhy; fhz KbAk;; mitfs; kpfTk; goikahdjhf Njhd;Wfpd;wd. mjd;gpd; ,e;Jf;fspd; Fiffs; tUfpd;wd> ,it “jr mtjhu Fiffs;” vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd NkYk; ,Wjpahf rkz FO mikg;Gfs; tUfpd;wd> ,it filrpahf Njhz;lg;gl;ljhfTk; vy;Nyhuh Fiffspy; ,g;NghJ ,Uf;fpw Xtpaq;fspd; J}z;Ljyhy; vLf;fg;gl;lJ vdTk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

FiffSf;F kj;jpapy; cs;s ifyhrh; NfhtpyhdJ uh\;l;uFl;l tk;rj;jpd; Ml;rp fhyj;jp;d; mjpfgl;r fl;llf;fiy rhjidahf Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. vy;Nyhuhtpy; cs;s Mapuf;fzf;fhd rpw;gq;fs;> Xtpaq;fs; kw;Wk; fy;ntl;Lf;fs; gz;ila ,e;jpa ehfhPfj;jpy; ngUk; rhjidia cUthf;fp fiy tsk; kw;Wk; jj;Jtj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

krhyh mbj;Jtj;jpd;

njhiye;j kuG

xUfhyj;jpy; ];ig]; &l;by; xU tskhd tHj;jf JiwKfkhf ,Ue;j Krpup]; ,g;NghJ 3000 tUl gioa gz;ghl;ilf; fhl;Lk; Nehf;fj;jpy; Nfushtpy; ghuk;gupa ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf cs;sJ ciu | Ur;rh Fy;fHdp

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

Krpup]; jpl;lk; ,e;jpahtpd; ngupa ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Nfushtpd; Kjy; gRikj; jpl;lKkhFk;. 2007 ,y; njhlq;fg;gl;l Krpup]; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Nkw;nfhz;l mfo;Tfs; kfpik kw;Wk; rhjpfSf;F ,ilNa ,Ue;j ey;ypzf;fj;ij fhz xU fUtpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,j;jpl;lk; And];Nfh cld; ,ize;J gy;NtW murhq;fg; gpupTfspd; mDruizAld; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ> rHtNjr ghuhl;ilg; ngw;Ws;sJ> mjd; jdpg;gl;l ,ilf;fyhr;rhuj; njhlHGfSf;F ed;wp. cs; Rw;Wr;#oYf;F njhe;juT ,y;yhky;> Rw;Wyhj; jlq;fis xOq;FgLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Gjpa ,lq;fisj; jpwe;J itg;gij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l ,j;jpl;lk; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;F xspa+l;Lk;. vHzhFsk; kw;Wk; jpUr;#H khtl;lq;fspy; njhy;nghUs; Muha;r;rp QhgfhHj;jr; rpd;dq;fisg; ghJfhf;fTk;> tpsk;gug;gLj;jTk; jpl;lk; jPl;bAs;sJ. ,e;jg; gue;j kdg;ghd;ik Kaw;rpfSf;F gpd;dhy; cs;s mbg;gil mDkhdk; cyf tHj;jf tiuglj;jpy; ];ig]; &l;bd; kPs;epakdKk;> tHj;jf

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

EUROPE MED

ITER

RAN

EAN

SEA

PERSIA

CHINA

EGYPT ARABIA

INDIA

SOMALIA

INDIAN OCEAN

Land routes are red and water routes are blue

gz;ila tHj;jfg; ghijahd gl;Lr; rhiy> mJ rPdhit Nkw;FyFld; ,izj;jJ

cwTfspd; Gj;JapHg;Gk; cs;sJ Nghy; jhf;fg;gl;l NghJ ,e;j kuG ,of;fg;gl;lJ njupfpwJ. kw;Wk; mg;gFjpapy; xU ,aw;if Krpuprpd; gz;ila JiwKfk; krhyh khw;wkhd g+fk;gj;jhy; J}z;lg;gl;l fijfis NgRfpwJ- Rw;Wyh kw;Wk; nts;sj;jpw;F toptFj;jJ> ,J tHj;jff; fijfisg; gw;wp krhyh gjl;lkhd fyitfspd; fLQ;rpf;fyhd RtLfs; NgRfpd;wd. xU tskhd fle;j xUq;fpizg;igj; Jilj;njwpe;jJ. fhyk;> tuyhw;W epfo;Tfs;> fyhr;rhuq;fs;> kf;fs;> nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Krpuprpd; Njhw;wk; njhy;nghUs; rpwg;G Nfushtpd; FspHe;j Krpup]; Mfpatw;iw tptupf;fpd;wd. jl;gntg;gepiyfs; kpsF> nrq;fly; topahf Nkw;F Vyf;fha; kw;Wk; Fq;Fkg;g+ JiwKfk; Nehf;fpa mjd; %Nyhgha Nghd;w krhyhf;fSf;F gpugy ];ig]; epiyik kw;Wk; mUfhik rupahfg; nghUe;jp &l;Lf;fhd fhuzkhf> Krpup]; ,e;jpah mtw;iwr; nropj;Njhq;fr; mj;jpthuj;ij kw;Wk; Vida ehLfSf;Fk; nra;fpwJ. NkYk; Kf;fpa ,ilapyhd tHj;jf tHj;jfk; ntspg;gl;Ls;sJ. epWtpaJ kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;F Nkw;FyFf;F mUfhikapy; xU ryryf;Fk; ikakhf tprpj;jpukhd fly; cUthfpAs;sJ> ,jw;F gpugy ];ig]; ePNuhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; njd;Nkw;F fhw;W &l; mbj;jsj;ij epWTfpwJ. FWf;F ,ize;J> rKj;jpuq;fs; KOtJk; Gtpapay; kw;Wk; FWf;F fyhr;rhu Nghf;Ftuj;J Ntfk; mjpfupf;fg;gl;lJ. rq;fq;fs; xd;whfg; gpd;Dfpd;wd> nrq;flypy; ,Ue;J xU fg;gy; Gwg;glj; cyf tiuglj;jpy; ,e;jpah Kf;fpak; jahuhFk; NghJ> mJ 40 ehl;fspy; ngWfpwJ>nropg;gpd; kuigr; nrJf;FfpwJ. Krpup]; JiwKfj;ij mila KbAk;. vjpHghuhjtpjkhf> ngupahH Ngrpd; cz;ikapy;> xU krhyh ikakhf

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

Map not to scale

JAVA

Nfushitf; fz;Lgpbj;jtH NghHj;Jf;Nfa kl;ghz;lk;> mofhd fz;zhb kzpfs;> Ma;Tg; gpuahz khYkpahd th]; nfhl cNyhfg; nghUl;fs;> je;jk; kw;Wk; fhkh vd;W ek;gg;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; vOe;j tpiyAaHe;j fw;fs; Kjypait NjitAk; toq;fYk; me;jj; JiwKfj;ij xU tskhd fle;j fhyj;ij xU gz ikakhf;fpaJ> ,JNt ];ig]; ntspfhl;Lfpd;wd. mypNfhl;bd; ePH xU &l;bd; mbg;gil. Krpup]; 30 f;Fk; mg;Ngh];jyd; vUrNykpy; ,Ue;J gazk; Nkw;gl;l ehLfSf;F mtHfSf;Fj; nra;J Kjy; Njthyaj;ij epWtpa Njitahd krhyhit GdpjH Njhikahupd; toq;FfpwJ. fyhr;rhuq;fspd; fijfisg; giwrhw;WfpwJ fyitia ntspg;gLj;JtJ ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; fpwp];jt fyhr;rhuk;> vJNth mJ KRuprpd; ghliy ghLfpwJ. kWGwk;> kf;fs; kw;Wk; fiuNahuq;fspy; typikkpf;f Nrukhd; [{k;kh k#jp> ek;gpf;iffspypUe;j NguuRfspd; vOr;rp kw;Wk; ,J ,e;j epyq;fspy; gd;Kfj;jd;ik tPo;r;rpf;F Ntfj;ij ghlg;gl;l Kjy; K];yPk; mikf;fpwJ. topghLfisg; ghLfpwJ> gz;ila fhy ,e;jg; gs;spthry; njhy;nghUl;fspy; Ke;ija tUlq;fspd; nfhLq;fy;Y}H> Nrukhd; njupAk; ghHit ngUkhs; Ml;rpahsuhy; fyhr;rhuk;> kf;fs;> epWtg;gl;lJ. nrk;kQ;rs; ek;gpf;iffs; kw;Wk; tho;f;if epw cilfs; mzpe;j Mz;fSk; Kjypatw;wpYs;s gy;tifj;jd;ik ,e;j ngz;fSk; mjhtJ ntspr;rghbfs; gz;ila fhy njhy;nghUl;fspypUe;J ifths;fSld; nfhLq;fy;Y} njupfpwJ> 2007 -,y; njhlq;fgl;l H gftjp Nfhapypy; eldkhLtJ> a+j ghl;lhzak; mfo;Tfspd; xU gFjpahf Njthyaq;fshd ghunyy;yp a+j fhyj;jpd; ,ijj; Njhz;bapUf;fpwJ. rpf;fyhd vr;rq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

fPNo ,lQ;Ropahf: xU ku tpjhdg; gLf;if> guhtH Njthyaj;jpd; cl;Gwk;> Nfus a+jHfs; tuyhw;W mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpd; ntspg;Gwk; kw;Wk; rPd [hbfs;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ghuk;gupak;

Krpup]; ghuk;gupa jpl;l jpwg;G tpohtpy; Nfus Kjy;tH ck;kd; rhz;bAld; ,e;jpa [dhjpgjp fyhepjp gpuzhg; KfH[p kw;Wk; ,ju gpuKfHfs;

,of;fg;gl;l epyj;jpd; etPd fhl;rp

Njthyyaj;jpw;Fr; nry;y KbAk; Nfhl;ilaGuk; re;ij-NfhJ&j;-ghisak;KRupapd; gz;ila JiwKfk; ,d;W Nfhl;ilapy; nfhtpyNfhk; Nfushtpd; gl;lzk; khtl;lj;jpy; Nfhl;ilaGuk; re;ijapypUe;J> NfhJ&j;ij fhzg;gLfpwJ. gut+upd; a+j Njthyak; xU glFj;Jiw %yk; mila KbAk;. jhd; jpUf;$l;l epidTr;rpd;dq;fs; gazpfs; Njthyaj;jpw;F tUif je;J kw;Wk; mUq;fhl;rpafq;fspd; Eiothapy;. kw;Wk; nray;jpwd; ikak; Nehf;fpr; nry;y xU n`hg;-xd;-n`hg; glF Nritapy; KbAk;> mq;F ghuk;gupag; ghzpapYs;s Rw;Wg;gazq;fis Muhayhk;. yj;jPd; fpwp];jt ghuk;gupaf; fiy tbtkhd rtpl;L ehlfj;jpd; fiy ghHitahsH ikak;-Nfhl;lGuk; Nfhl;ilepfo;r;rpfs; elf;fpd;wd. Nfhl;lGuk; re;ij-mypNfhl; ghisak;> nfhr;rp uh[hf;fspd; khHNjhkh Njthyak; gpujk ke;jpupfSf;fhd mry; n`hg;-xd; n`hg;ghHitahsH ikak; tPLfs; trpg;Gkid> ,d;W ,J Nfush Nrukhd; [{k;kh k#jp glF Nrit tuyhw;W mUq;fhl;rpafk; kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;W cq;fis krhyh kw;Wk; Nfush tho;f;ifKiw mUq;fhl;rpafk; Mfpait tHj;jf nghw;fhyk; mUq;fhl;rpafk; Mfpatw;iw njd;dpe;jpahtpy; cs;s jd;Ds;Ns nfhz;Ls;sJ. topahf ,];yhkpaj; Njhw;wj;ij Nfhl;ilak; Nfhtpyf;Nfhk; kj Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jk;. gf;fj;J mioj;Jr;nry;Yk; ey;ypzf;fj;jpd; xU iky;fy; gftjp Nfhtpy; kw;Wk; bupf; MFk;> ,jw;Fr; rhl;rpahf FyNrfuGuk; = fpU\;zh xU Nfhapy;> xU Njthyak;> mUfpNyNa Nfhapy; ,Ug;gjhy; ,e;J kjj;Jld; mike;Js;s gs;spthry; Mfpatw;iw ,e;j fyitia mDgtpf;fyhk;. mLj;j njspthfg; ghHf;fyhk;. epWj;jj;jpy; NghHj;Jf;Nfa tk;rhtspapd; gut+H tUifahsH ikak;- rN`hjud; Nfhl;ilaGuk; Nfhl;il ,bghLfs; Iag;gd;- kQ;Rkjh Myak;- mypNfhl; cs;sd. Nfhl;ilaGuk; re;ij nfhr;rp khHNjhkh Myak; kd;duhy; epWtg;gl;l kpfg;goikahd gut+H a+j Njthyaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w gpwF> xd;nwdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ. mJ ,g;NghJ Rw;Wyh gazpfs; rN`hjud; Iag;gd; Nfhl;ilaGuk; <l; njU kw;Wk; nrd;w; mUq;fhl;rpafk;> nrwhap flw;fiu kw;Wk; ikf;Nfy; Myaj;ijg; Gil#o;e;J xU khHNjhkh Njthyak; Nghd;wtw;iw etPd mtjhuj;ij vLj;Js;sJ. ,q;fpUe;J MuhaÂ KbAk;> Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; mypNfhl; khHNjhkh

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

Krpup]; ghuk;gupa gFjpapy; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafq;fs; Krpuprpy; cs;s gz;ila JiwKfk; Krpup ghuk;gupa jpl;lk; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; Ngzg;gl;L tUfpwJ. eltbf;iffSf;F 21 mUq;fhl;rpafq;fs; cs;sd mJ Nfushtpd; 2>000 tUl tuyhW gw;wp kf;fSf;F fy;tp toq;Ftij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

r%f rPHjpUj;jthjp rN`hjud; Iag;gd; kw;Wk; gut+H a+j Njthyak;

Nfus a+jHfs; tuyhw;W mUq;fhl;rpafk; (gut+H a+j Njthyak;) ,q;Nf NfushtpypUe;j a+jHfspd; tuyhW gw;wp ,q;Nf mwpayhk; Nfus tuyhw;W mUq;fhl;rpafk; (ghisak; muz;kid/ NfhtpyNfhk;) NghHj;Jf;Nfaj;ijf; ifg;gw;w mtHfSf;F cjtpaikf;fhf ghypaj; mr;rDf;F ed;wp nrYj;Jk; rpd;dkhf 1663 ,y; xy;yhe;juhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ Nfus tho;fi ; fKiw mUq;fhl;rpafk; (ghisak; ehYNfl;L) ,e;j mikg;G ghisaj;jpy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpwpa igad;fSf;fhf 1786 ,y; fl;lg;gl;lJ Nfus a+jHfs; tho;fi ; fKiw mUq;fhl;rpafk; a+j rk;gpujhaq;fs;> Nfusg; ngz;fspd; gq;F kw;Wk; gytw;iwf; fhl;LfpwJ rN`hjud; Iag;gd; mUq;fhl;rpafk; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; cs;s ,];yhkpaj; Njhw;wj;ij Kd;dpiyg;gLj;JfpwJ. Nfrup ghyfpU\;zh mUq;fhl;rpafk; Gfo;ngw;w nra;jpahsH Nfrup ghyfpU\;zh gps;isapd; gioa tPL ,g;NghJ mUq;fhl;rpafkhf khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ Njrpa ,af;fk; mg;Jy; uFkhd; mUq;fhl;rpafk; Gfo;ngw;w Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l tPuH KfkJ mg;Jy; uFkhdpd; rhjidfs; kw;Wk; jpahfq;fSf;F kupahij Nfush ,];yhkpa tuyhw;W mUq;fhl;rpafk; ciu kw;Wk; MbNah fhl;rpg; nghUl;fs; %yk; ,];yhkpa ghuk;gupaj;ijf; fhl;LfpwJ. Nfhl;ilGuk; Nfhl;il mUq;fhl;rpafk; NghHj;Jf;NfaH kw;Wk; xy;yhe;jH gilnaLg;Gfs;> Nfhl;ilapd; tuyhW kw;Wk; fl;likg;G mj;Jld; mjd; mfo;T kw;Wk; ghJfhg;gpd; tuyhw;iw ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. Nfus fly;rhH mUq;fhl;rpafk; NfushTf;Fk; ntspehLfSf;Fk; ,ilNa fly;rhH tHj;jfj;jpw;F mHg;gzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

Nrukhd; ngUkhs; mUq;fhl;rpafk; kw;Wk; eltbf;if ikak; tuyhW> fyhr;rhug; ghuk;gupak;> rk;gpujhaq;fs; kw;Wk; Nfus tuyhw;W mgptpUj;jp Mfpatw;iw mlf;fpAs;sJ. Nfushtpy; fpwp];Jtk; Fwpj;j mUq;fhl;rpafk; fpwp];Jtj;jpd; Rthu];akhd kuGfs; kw;Wk; tuyhw;iwf; fhl;LfpwJ fpwp];Jt kj fiy mUq;fhl;rpafk; fpwp];JtH rka fiy kw;Wk; kuGfs; fhl;rpfs; ,uhZt mUq;fhl;rpafk; gy;NtW ,uhr;rpaq;fisr; NrHe;j gilapdupd; $l;L tuyhw;W tPLfs; ifj;jwp mUq;fhl;rpafk;> nrd;lkq;fyk; Jzp> cw;gj;jpr; nray;Kiw kw;Wk; ifj;jwp nghUl;fspd; tuyhw;iwf; fhl;LfpwJ ePHtho; capupdq;fspd; mUq;fhl;rpafk; fy;tp epWtdq;fs;> #oy;- fpsg; kw;Wk; ,aw;if MHtyHfspd; xd;iwnahd;W ghjpf;Fk; Rw;whly; fy;tp kw;Wk; Muha;rpf;fhf. flw;nwhopy; mUq;fhl;rpafk;> nfhJUJ Nfushtpd; cs;ehl;L kPdg ; pb tuyhW> glFfs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW kPdg ; pb Kiwfs; kw;Wk; gytw;iw tpsf;Ffpd;w xU fz;fhl;rpg; gFjp. njd;de;Jk;G mUq;fhl;rpafk; njd;de;Jk;gpd; tuyhW> mjd; nrayhf;f epiyfs; kw;Wk; ,Wjpj; jahupg;G gw;wp tptupf;fpwJ Nfus ,yf;fpa mUq;fhl;rpafk; kfhghujj;ij nkhopngaHj;j ngUk; mwpQH Fq;fpFl;ldpd; epidthff; fl;lg;gl;lJ Nfrt Njt; mUq;fhl;rpafk; ehtyhrpupaH - r%f rPHjpUj;jthjp gp.Nfrt gps;isapd; tho;fi ; f kw;Wk; gilg;Gfisf; fhl;LfpwJ. gl;lzk; mfo;thuha;rr ; p js mUq;fhl;rpafk; Nfushtpd; Kjy; kw;Wk; gy Nehf;Fs;s mfo;TfSf;fhd jsk;> ,J Nfus flNyhu tuyhw;wpy; Kidg;ghfTs;s njhy;nghUs; Mjhuq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jk;.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

m[;kPh; jh;f;fhtpw;F nry;Yk; moFgLj;jg;gl;l Eiothapy;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

R/gpaprj;ij

nfhz;lhLNthk;

kjpg;gpw;Fhpa R/gp Gdpjh; fth[h nkha;DjPd; rp\;b mth;fspd; epidT jpdj;ij mDrhpf;Fk; ch;]; jpUtpohtpw;fhf gf;jh;fs; uh[];jhdpYs;s gue;j kiyfs; #o;eJ ; fhzg;gLk; m[;khP py; $Lfpwhh;fs;. ciu | mdpy; Ky;re;jdp Gifg;glq;fs; | jpNd\; Rf;yh

,e;jpa Jizf; fz;lj;jpy; R/gprprj;jpd; rp\;b Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpa kw;Wk; Vw;g;gLj;jpa fth[h nkha;DjPd; rp\;b (1141-1236) mth;fSld; tuyhw;W efukhd m[;kPh; njhlh;Gilajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. R/gprprk; ,];yhkpd; xU mjpra Njhw;wkhFk; ,J 9tJ kw;Wk; 10tJ E} w;whz;Lfspy; Njhd;wpajhf ek;gg;gLfpwJ. ngh;rpa R/gp Gdpjh; nkha;DjPd; rp\;b %ykhf ,t;tpaf;fk; Mg;fhdp];jhdpypUe;J ,e;jpahtpw;F te;jJ. fhPg; eth]; my;yJ Viofspd; mUl;nfhilahsh; vdTk; miof;fg;gLk; nkha;DjPd; rp\;b jd;Dila cyfg;gpufhukhd clikfis trjptha;g;gw;Nwhh;fsplk; nfhLj;Jtpl;L Mg;fhdp];jhdpypUe;J Gwg;gl;L kj;jpa MrpahtpNy Gf;fhuh kw;Wk; rkh;fe;jpNy mth; Nkw;nfhz;l gazj;jpd; NghJ mwpQh;fsplk; rkaf; fy;tpia ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;. mjd;gpd;dh;> mth; ,e;jpahtpw;F nrd;W 1192k; Mz;L m[;kPhpy; jq;fpdhh;. ,q;Nf> mth; nghpa mstpyhd gpd;gw;wyhsh;fis rk;ghjpj;jhh;. Mk;> Kfyhag; Nguurh; mf;gUk; R/gp Gdpjiu re;jpg;gjw;fhf fhy;eilahf ahj;jpiu te;jjhf nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

fyhr;rhuk;

,e;jpahtpy; rp\;b xOq;Ff;fhd 13k; E}w;whz;by; epWtg;gl;l Gz;zpa mbg;gilia cUthf;fpa fth[h ];jyk; Kfyha Ml;rpahsh;fs; nkha;DjPd; rp\;bapd; NghjidfshdJ mf;gh;> [`hq;fph; kw;Wk; \h n[`hd; cyfg; nghUl;fis Jwj;jy;> RaMl;rpfhyj;jpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wJ. xOf;fk; kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l gpuhh;j;jid Ke;ija ,uh[hq;f khfhzkhd rpfpr;ir> Md;kPf cUkhw;wj;jpw;fhd i`juhghj; toq;fpa ep[hk; Eiothapy; xU rl;lg;G+h;tkhd topahf topahfNt Kf;fpa EioT rhkhtpy; gq;nfLj;jy;> mike;jpUf;fpwJ. mjDs;Ns 13k; E} mbg;gil tho;thjhuj;jpw;F 1570fspy; mf;gh; fl;ba Mjhukhf Ntshz;ik xU k#jp mike;Js;sJ w;whz;bDila my;yJ Ntz;bf; Nfl;fg;glhj ,J rka fy;tpf;fhd mugp nkha;DjPd; rp\;b fhzpf;iffis rhh;e;jpUj;jy;> kw;Wk; ngh;rpa gs;spf;$lkhf Gz;zpa ];jyk; gzk; rhh;e;jitfs; kw;Wk; epy jpfo;fpwJ. mLj;j Eiothapy; xU Md;kf P rYiffis Gwf;fzpj;jy; epf;fh;fhdthFk; Vndd;why; ,J cl;gl Ml;rpahsh;fs; ,uz;L nghpa epf;fuh];fis Rw;Wyh ikakhf kw;Wk; murplkpUe;J (nfhl;LKuRfis) mjd; NkNy jpfo;fpwJ tpLjiy> gpwUf;F czT nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Gye; jh;thrh kw;Wk; nry;tq;fis %d;whtJ EiothapyhFk; ,J gfph;e;jspg;gjpy; jhuhskhfapUj;jy; kw;Wk; Kw;wj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;fpwJ. Kw;wj;jpd; midj;J kjq;fspd; xw;Wik cl;gl Eiothapypd; ,UGwj;jpYk; ,uz;L nghpa kj NtWghLfspy; rfpg;Gj;jd;ikAk; ghidfs; (nfhg;giufs;) cs;sd ,jpy; khpahijAk; mspj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw trjptha;g;gw;wth;fSf;fhf ed;nfhilfs; typAWj;jpaJ. Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

Kfg;G gf;fk:; ep[hk; Eiothapy; Nghd;w fth;rr ; pfukhd Eiothapy;fs;; nkha;DjPd; rp\;b jh;fhtpd; cl;Gwj;jpw;F mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; Gye; jh;thrh kw;Wk; \h[fhdp jh;thrh; gf;jh;fs; rkar; rlq;fpd; xU mq;fkhf xU E}iy fl;Lfpwhh;fs;; NkNy: Gz;zpa ];jy ahj;hf P h;fSf;fhd filfs;

fth[h \hfpg;gpd; fy;yiw nts;sp Ritahd czT tiffs; gf;jh;fSf;fhf Ntypfshy; #Og;gl;Lk; kw;Wk; nghd; ^kpdhy; nghpa njhl;bfspy; jahh; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. $iuaplg;gl;Lk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. kf;fs; jq;fs; ch;]pd; MwhtJ ehs; kpfTk; rpwg;ghfTk; jiyfis %bf;nfhz;L ntWq;fhYld; kw;Wk; mD$yfkhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. rj;jp fy;yiwf;Fs; nry;fpwhh;fs; kw;Wk; Gz;zpa \hp/g; vd miof;fg;gLk; ,e;j ehs; ];jyj;jpy; mQ;ryp nrYj;Jtjw;fhf gpuhh;jj ; id kw;Wk; czTf;fhd nghpa Nuh[hf;fs; Nghd;w $Lifia fhl;LfpwJ. G+f;$ilfSlDk; kw;Wk; fjpk;fs; rka thrfq;fis MW ehl;fs; rj;jh;]; (rka thrfq;fs; thrpj;J nghwpf;fg;gl;l xU rlq;fhr;rhu gpuhh;jj ; id eilngWk; ch;]; Jzp) vd miof;fg;gLk; nra; f pwhh; fs; jpUtpohtpNy cah;ufkhf myq;fhpf;fg;gl;l mNjNeuj;jpy; cyfnkq;fpYkpUe;J Jzp ciwfSlDk; fthy;fs; gjhth ngUk; mth;fs; ePzl ; thpirapy; vd miof;fg;gLk; Kz;babj;Jf;nfhz;L Nghw;Wjy; vz;zpf;ifapyhd epw;fpwhh;fs;. ftpijfis gf;jh;fs; $Lfpwhh;fs; m[;khP ; \hp/g; ch;]pd; ika ghLfpwhh;fs;. Nehf;fkhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;> ,J tUlhe;ju tUle;NjhWk; ,];yhkpa epyT fhyz;lhpd; xg;Gtpj;jy; rlq;fpYs;s VohtJ khjj;jpy; epidT$ug;gLfpwJ> ,q;F jpiufis tpthpf;fpwJ fthyp ,irepfo;rr ; p elj;Jjy; cl;gl R/ kw;Wk; epfo;rr ; pia gp GdpjUf;fhd MW ehs; kuz mQ;ryp milahsg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rlq;Ffs; eilngWfpd;wd. ghahrk; kw;Wk; gpw xU fl;listpjp vhpf;fg;g ; LfpwJ.

Nk - a+d; 2016

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Gifg;glk;

cj;jufz;bYs;s

ntspepyq;fs; ,kakiyj; njhlh;fs;> Gdpj ejpfs;> mlh;ej ; fhLfs; kw;Wk; Gtpapay; gd;Kfj;jd;ikahdJ tl khepyq;fis rhfr tpisahl;il Nerpg;gth;fSf;fhd xU fdT ,yf;fhf;FfpwJ. ciu

,e;jpa juprdk;

mdpy; ky;re;jhdp

Nk - a+d; 2016

cj;jufz;by; cs;s fh;thy; kw;Wk; FkhNahd; ,kakiyj; njhlh;fspy; jthuq;fs;> tpyq;fpdq;fs;> fl;blf;fiy> goq;fijfs; kw;Wk; Guhzf;fijfs; epuk;gp fhzg;gLfpd;wd. njw;fpYs;s buha; kpjntg;g kz;ly fhLfspypUe;J caukhd ,kakiy rpfuq;fs; tiu kw;Wk; tlf;fpYs;s gdpkiyfs; kw;Wk; cj;jpufz;l; kiyfs; Nghd;wit rhfr nray;ghLfs;> jPtpu tpisahl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; td Rw;Wg;gazq;fSf;F mUikahd ,lq;fshFk;. tl ,e;jpahtpd; ngU efuq;fspypUe;J nry;tJ Xg;gl P l ; stpy;

vspjhFk;> Fsph;fhyj;jpy; gdpeilf;fl;ilapy; elg;gjw;fhf Mspapy; FtptJk; kw;Wk; Nfhilfhyj;jpy; hp\pNf\papy; glFrthhp nra;tjw;fhf Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; FtptJk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l vz;zpf;ifapyhd rhfr Rw;Wyh jyq;fis cj;jufhz;by; cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,e;j khjq;fspy;> kiyapy; tz;bNahl;Ljy;> kiyNaw;wk;> kiyNaWjy;> td kw;Wk; ahid rghhp> ghh;fpisbq; kw;Wk; glF rthhp Nghd;w rhfr eltbf;iffSf;fhd tha;gG ; fis gy ,lq;fs; jpwe;J itj;Js;sd. gpugykhd rhfr ,lq;fspy; rpy:

Nk - a+d; 2016

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Gifg;glk;

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UTTARAKHAND

hp\pNf\papy; glFrthhp fq;if kw;Wk; re;j;ughfh rq;fkpf;Fk; ,lj;jpy;> rlq;F FspaYf;F gpugykhd kw;Wk; khiy Ntisapy; cgrhukspf;Fk; kdijkaf;Fk; fq;if Mh;j;jpf;F gpugykhd jphpNtzp kiyf;fzthia Rw;wpYk; Md;kPf fhhpaq;fs; epfOk; hp\pNf\p xU Gdpj ];jykhf cs;sJ. hp\pNf\papd; tlf;Nf rptGhp fq;ifapd; mUNf xU ,aw;if moF epiwe;j $lhukpLk; ,lkhf cs;sJ> fq;ifahdJ Nky; epyg;gFjpapypUe;J rkntsp Nehf;fp gha;tjdhy; ghiwahd fw;ghiwfSf;F Nkyhf gPwpl;L xU Mh;g;ghl;lkhd Mwhf khWfpwJ. nrg;lk;gh; kw;Wk; Nk khjq;fSf;F ,ilapy;> rptGhp mUNf rpy rPwpg;ghAk; ePNuhl;lq;fs; gy;NtW epiyapyhd rpukq;fSld; mw;Gjkhd nts;is ePh; glF rthhpia mspf;fpwJ. Muk;gfl;lj;jpy; ,Ug;gth;fSf;F> kpjpabia vt;thW gpbg;gJ> ePNuhl;lj;jpy; fhiy vt;thW Cd;WtJ> ePh; nfhe;jspg;Gfs; my;yJ ghiwia neUq;Fk;NghJ vr;rhpg;gjw;F topfhl;bf;fp rj;jkpl;L fl;lisapLjy; kw;Wk; Kul;Lj;jdkhd jz;zPhpy; vt;thW rha;e;J kpjpabia kpjpg;gJ Nghd;w tpsf;fq;fSld; xU glF rthhp gapw;rp ghlg; gphpTk; Jtq;FfpwJ. jPtpu glF rthhp Mh;tyh;fSf;fhf> Kfhkpl;L jq;FjYld; $ba ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W ehs; nts;is ePh; Rw;whdJ rhd;Wngw;w ty;Yeh;fshy; elj;jg;gLfpwJ. gpugykhd glF Rw;Wjy; fTbahyhtpy; Muk;gpj;J rptGhp kw;Wk; guk;Ghp topahf nry;fpwJ.

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

,sk; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; nts;is ePh; glF rthhpapd; jpfpy; mDgj;ij ngWfpwhh;fs;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Gifg;glk;

fhh;thypapy; kiyNaw;wk;

Njtp ruzhyaj;jpd; ntspg; gFjpfspy; nrd;W 3>640 kP cau nfshp fzthia rptGhpapypUe;J rhiy tlf;fhf NeU flf;fpwJ. topj;jlj;jpy; cs;s cj;jufz;bd; kiyNaWk; epWtdk; mike;Js;s kpf caukhd ee;jh Njtp kiyfspd; cj;jufhrpf;F nry;fpwJ. cj;jufhrpapypUe;J gdpglh;e;j rpfuq;fs;> Vhpfs;> mUtpfs; xU gpugykhd kiyNaw;wk; mrp ejpia kw;Wk; Gy;ntspfs; mw;Gj fhl;rpf;F ngah; gpd;njhlh;e;J gwitfis ghh;g;gjw;F ngw;wjhapUf;fpwJ. rpwe;j ,lkhd igd; kw;Wk; NjtjhU N`k;Fe; rh`pg; rPf;fpa fhLfs; mike;Js;s Njhl; Nfhtpy; kw;Wk; mw;Gj jhy; Vhpf;F nry;fpwJ. gs;sj;jhf;fhd Njrpa cj;jufhrpf;F tlf;Nf Njt; Fh;Nrhd; G+f;fs; G+q;fhtpw;fhd G+kp c;s;sJ> ,J gj;jphpehj;> topj;jlkhdJ ee;jh kiyNaw;wk; N[hrpkj; Nfjhh;ehj;> fq;Nfhj;hp kw;Wk; tlf;fpYs;s fq;fhhpahtpy; Njtp kiyfspd; aKNdhj;hpia cs;slf;fpa Jtq;FfpwJ. Nfhtpe;j; xU Kf;fpa ahj;jpiu gdpalh;ej ; tdtpyq;F ruhzhyaj;jpYs;s tl;lkhFk;. fq;Nfhj;hpapypUe;J rpfuq;fspd; kw;;nwhU jhtutpay; ft;Kf; tiuapyhd 26 fp.kP. mw;Gj fhl;rpfis nrhh;f;fkhd `h;-fp-Jd; kiyNaw;wk;> fq;ifapd; gs;sj;jhf;F kiyNaw;wkhdJ toq;FfpwJ gdpkakhd %yq;fshd gs;sj;jhf;Ff;F nry;Yk; gdpf;fl;b Mw;iw flf;fpwJ eilgazkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk; ,J ghfPujp kw;Wk; rptypq;f rpfuq;fs; fhl;rpaspf;Fk; jhNghtd; FkhNahdpy; kiyNaw;wk; kw;Wk; ee;jd;td; Gy;ntspfisAk; fhh;thy; NghyNt> FkhNahDk; cs;slf;FfpwJ. vspjhf milAk; ghij Jtf;fq;fis ;Fh;Nrhd; jlk; vd miof;fg;gLk; nfshp kiyNaw;wj;jpw;F nfhLf;fpwJ. gpe;jhhp fztha; kiyNaw;wk; Mspapy; my;yJ gdpfl;b Mw;W kiyNaw;wkhdJ kpf mofhd kiyf;fzthapy; Muk;gpf;fpwJ> NkYk; ee;jh

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

G+f;fs; Njrpa G+q;fh gs;sj;jhf;fpy; (Kfg;G gf;fk;) tz;zq;fs; kw;Wk; eWkzq;fspd; jhf;fj;Jf;F kj;jpapy; kiyNaw;wk; my;yJ ,kakiyfspy; #hpantspr;rkhd tre;j fhyj;jpy; mofhd kiyNaw;wk; nra;jy

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Gifg;glk;

NkypUe;J fbfhur; Rw;whf: gq;Nfhl;by; fUg;G jiyAila xU N[ gwit; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; xU [Pg; rghhpapy; [pk; fhh;ngl; Njrpa G+q;fh fhl;L topahf nry;fpwhh;fs;; n`k;Fe; rh`pg;gpy; cs;s n`k;Fe; ejp kw;Wk; [pk; fhh;ngl; fhLfspYs;s ahid

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

xd;whFk; Vndd;why; ,J khRglhj epyg;gug;Gfspy; nry;fpwJ kw;Wk; ee;jh Njtp rpfuq;fspd; mofpa Njhw;wq;fis nfhLf;fpwJ. Nyhfh;fj;jpy; cs;s ghij jhf;Fhp fzthia fle;J kw;Wk; fhj;jp fpuhkk; tiu nry;fpwJ> mjd;gpd; ,J kpfg;nghpa FbNaw;wky;yhj J}a;ikahd ehl;Lg;Gwkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Rkhh; 3 fp.kP msT FWfpa J}uj;jpw;F njw;fhf ghAk; gdpf;fl;b Mw;iw ePq;fs; miltjw;F Kd; ,e;j kiyNaw;wk; nghJthf MW ehl;fs; vLf;fpwJ. xU rthyhd vl;L ehl;fs; kiyNaw;wk; vJntd;why; Kd;rpahhpia mbg;gilahf nfhz;L kpyhk; gdpf;fl;b Mw;wpw;F nry;ytjhFk;.

fhh;ngl; rghhp fh;thYf;F fpof;Nf FkNahd; gFjp cs;sJ> [pk; fhh;ngl;bd; vOj;Jf;fs; ,ij gpugykilar; nra;Js;sJ. gphpl;b\;-,e;jpa Ntl;ilf;fhuh;fs; kw;Wk; tpul;babg;gth;fs; Rw;Wr;#oy; Mh;tyuhfTk;> gilg;ghsuhfTk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if Mh;tyuhfTk; khwpa gpwF ngah;; #l;lg;gl;l ,t;tplk; ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg; goikahd Gypfs; ruzhyakhf ,Uf;fpwJ. [pk; fhh;ngl; Njrpa G+q;fh fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 400-1>200 kP gue;j gug;gsit nfhz;Ls;sJ. Gypapd; Kf;fpa tho;tplkhd ,J ry; kuq;fs; kpFe;j fhlhFk; NkYk; ,e;j gFjpapy; ePq;fs; xU ahid my;yJ [Pg; gazj;ij Njh;e;njLf;fyhk;. xU Gypia

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

Gifg;glk;

NkypUe;J fbfhur; Rw;whf: ,ka kiyj;njhlh;fspy; cs;s xU kiyNaw;w Kfhk;; [pk; fhh;ngl; Njrpa G+q;fhtpy; cs;s xU Gyp; [pk; fhh;ngl;bYs;s xU jz;zPh; jlhfj;jpd; mUNf rPj;jy; khd;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

ghh;g;gjw;F kj;jpa Vg;uy; kw;Wk; kj;jpa [{d; khjq;fs; rpwe;j fhykhFk; ,e;j rkaj;jpy; fhLfs; Fiwthd mlh;j;jpAilajhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd kw;Wk; nghpa G+idfs; ePh; Mjhuq;fSf;F nrd;W tUfpd;wd. rhU]; vd miof;fg;gLk; jl;ilahd jpwe;j Gy;ntsp epyq;fspypUe;J rhk;ghh; khd;fs;> Kjph; khd;fs;> Gs;sp khd;fs; kw;Wk; Fiuf;Fk; khd;fis ghh;f;fyhk;. Nfhil fhyj;jpy;> ,e;j rhU]py; fhl;L ahidfs; $l;lq;fs; $Lfpd;wd. uhk;fq;fh kw;Wk; mjDila fpis ejpfs; Nfhilapy; jz;zPh; Njb tUk; tdtpyq;Ffis ghh;f;Fk; khngUk; tha;g;Gfis toq;Ffpd;wd. ePh; eha;fs;> Kjiyfs; kw;Wk; ePh;g;gwitfis ejpfspy; kw;Wk; uhk;fq;fh ePh;j;Njf;fj;jpy; fhzyhk;.

iedpjhy; kw;Wk; mijr; Rw;wpAs;s ,aw;if Rw;Wg;gazk; fhh;ngl;Lf;F fpof;Nf> iedpjhy; kiyg; gpuNjrk; mike;Js;sJ NkYk; mjDila mUfpYs;s ,lq;fs; kiyg;ghq;fhd fhLspy; ,aw;ifahf elg;gjw;F rpwe;j ,lkhFk;. iedpjhypy; ,Ue;J Rkhh; 15 fp.kP njhiytpYs;s gq;Nfhl; gwit ghh;itahsh;fspd; nrhh;ff ; khf jpfo;fpwJ ,q;NfAk; mUfpYs;s fpy;ghpapYk; gy kiyg; gwitfis fhzyhk;. rj;jhy; gwitfis urpg;gjw;fhd kw;nwhU rpwe;j ,lkhFk;. iedpjhy; mUfpYs;s eTFrpahjypy; ghh;fpisbq; nra;ayhk;.

Like INDIAN DIPLOMACY

gwf;Fk; kPd; gpbj;jJk; fLikahf NghuhLk; xU tpisahl;L kPdhd kfrPh; kPid Njb ,khya MWfSf;F tUk; kPd;gpb Mh;tyh;fis cj;jufz;l; fth;e;jpOf;fpwJ. fhsp kw;Wk; rh;A ejpfspy; kfrPh; kPd;gpbg;gjw;F gQ;Nr\;th; cj;jufz;bd; xU Kjd;ikahd ,lkhFk;.

Nk - a+d; 2016

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Channel INDIAN DIPLOMACY

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

rikaw;fiy

Gj;JzHt+l;Lk;

eWkzk

cq;fs; jhfj;ij Fsph;rr ; pahd Nfhil ghdq;fshy; jzpf;fTk; kw;Wk; cq;fs; Rit nkhl;Lf;fis ,e;jpa Rit czT %ykhf J}z;lTk

jz;il ghy; ghdk; jahhpg;G Neuk;: 15 epkplq;fs; Cwitf;Fk; Neuk;: 5-6 kzpNeuq;fs; ghhpkhWjy; 4 Njitahd nghUl;fs; 125 fpuhk; rh;f;fiu> 3 fg; jz;zPh;> 20 ntsph;j;j kw;Wk; chpj;j ghjhk;> 1 Njf;fuz;b ngUQ;rPufk;> 5-6 Nuh[h ,jo;fs;> 2 Njf;fuz;b Kyhk;go tpijfs;> 3-4 Vyf;fha;> nfhQ;rk; Fq;Fkg;G+> 2 ½ fg; ghy; nra;Kiw xU flhapy; rh;f;fiuiaAk; kw;Wk; 1½ fg; jz;zPiuAk; tplTk; kw;Wk; nky;y;pa ghFthf;Ftjw;fhf nfhjpf;f itf;fTk;; Fspuitj;J ghJfhf;fTk;. kPjKs;s jz;zPiu xU fpz;zj;jpy; Cw;wp ghjk;> ngUQ;rPufk;> Nuh[h ,jo;fs;> kpsF> Kyhk;go tpijfs;> Vyf;fha;> Fq;Fkg;G+it Nrh;j;J 5 Kjy; 6 kzpNeuk; Cw itf;fTk;; mij xU fyf;fpf;F khw;wp nkd;ikahFk; tiuf;Fk; miuf;fTk;. ghjhk; fyitia xU [hbf;F khw;wTk;> ghifAk; ghiyAk; Nrh;j;J ed;whf fyf;fTk;. Fsph;r;rpahd jz;il caukhd Ftisapy; gwpkhwTk;.

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

Nfrhp Jk; fp gphpahzp jahhpg;G Neuk;: 25 epkplq;fs; rikay; Neuk;: 1 kzp 10 epkplq;fs; ghhpkhWjy; 6 Njitahd nghUl;fs; 12 Nfhopapd; gpd;fhy;fs;> 30 epkplq;fs; Cwitj;j 700 fpuhk; ghRkjp mhprp> 1 Njf;fuz;b Fq;Fkg;G+> ½ fg; ntJntJg;ghd ghy;> 250 fpuhk; mbj;J fyf;fpa japh;> 3 Njf;fuz;b vYkpr;ir rhW> 3 Njf;fuz;b nfhj;jky;yp ,iy> 3 Njf;fuz;b Gjpdh ,iyfs;> 3 Njf;fuz;b nea;> 1 Njf;fuz;b fUQ;rPufk;> 8 Vyf;fha;> 6 fpuhk;G> 2 mq;Fy ,ytq;fg;gl;il> 3 thrid ,iyfs;> 3 eLj;jukhd ntl;lg;gl;l ntq;fhak;> 2 Njf;fuz;b G+z;L-,Q;rp gir> 1 Njf;fuz;b cg;G> 1 Njf;fuz;b kpsfha;g; nghb> ½ Njf;fuz;b [hjpf;fha; nghb> Njitahd msT cg;G nra;Kiw xU fpz;zj;jpy; Fq;Fkg;G+ Nghl;L ghy; Nrh;jJ ; 15 epkplq;fs; Cw tplTk;; ghjp japh;> vYkpr;ir rhW> nfhj;jky;yp kw;Wk; Gjpdh ,iyfis fyf;fp xUgf;fk; itj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. flhapy; nea;ia #Nlw;wTk;> ghjp fUQ;ruP fk;> Vyf;fha;> fpuhk;G> ,ytq;fg;gl;il

kw;Wk; thrid ,iyia Nrh;jJ ; kpjkhf #Nlw;wTk;; mjd;gpd; ntq;fhaj;ij Nrh;jJ ; mit ngd;dpwkhFk; tiu tjf;fTk;; G+z;L-,Q;rp tpOJ> cg;G> tj;jy; kw;Wk; [hjpf;fha; nghbia fyf;fTk;; Nfhopia Nrh;jJ ; Rkhh; 5 epkplq;fs; tjf;fTk;; ey;y gOg;G epwkhFk; tiuf;Fk; mt;tg;NghJ jz;zi P u njspf;fTk;; kPjKs;s japiu Cw;wp fyf;fp %btpl;L 10 epkplq;fSf;F my;yJ Nfhop nkd;ikahFk; tiuf;Fk; nfhjpf;f itf;fTk;; ,ij xU Xukhf itf;fTk;. xU nghpa ghj;jpuj;jpy; jz;zi P u epug;gp nfhjpf;f itf;fTk;; kPjKs;s fUQ;ruP fk;> Vyf;fha;> fpuhk;G> ,ytq;fg;gl;il kw;Wk; thrid ,iy> murp kw;Wk; cg;G Nrh;ff ; Tk;; mhprp Kf;fhy; ghfk; NtFk; tiuf;Fk; nfhjpf;f itf;fTk;; Kw;wpYkhf tbfl;lTk;. nte;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; cztpd; Nky; ghjp Nfhopia mLf;fTk; (my;yJ xU flhapy; my;yJ mLg;G Nky; rikg;gjw;F vspjhf itf;fTk;)> %d;wpy; xUgq;F Fq;Fkg;G+-japh; fyitia NkNy gug;gTk;; ghjp mhprpahy; %lTk;; mLf;Ffis jpUk;gTk; mg;gbNa nra;aTk;. mYkpdpa jl;lhy; %lTk; my;yJ %bahy; ,Wf;fkhf %lTk; Kd;dNk #Nlw;wg;gl;l kpjkhd Xtdpy; 180C/350F ntg;gepiyapy; 15 Kjy; 20 epkplq;fSf;F #Nlw;wTk;; my;yJ jpwe;j mLg;gpy; kpf Fiwtd #l;by; mhprp KOtJk; NtFk; tiu rikf;fTk;.

cgrhuk;: mw;Gjkhd Rit: rpw;Wz;b> cah;uf Njapiy> fhf;nla;y;> GJ by;yp ntspAwTj;Jiw tptfhu (mikr;rfj;jpd;) Jizth;fs; mikg;G ntspapl;l rikay; Gj;jfq;fspd; xU njhlhpd; ghfk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ciuahly;

ehd; xUNghJk; gzj;jpw;Fg

gpd;dhy; Xbajpy;iy mwpKfk;: fjf; tpj;jfH gz;bjH gpH[{ k`huh[; mtUila eld mikg;Gf;Fk; ehlfq;fSf;Fkhf cynfq;Fk; gpugykhdtH ciu; | re;jpNuap ngskpf

yf;Ndhtpd; fy;fh-gpe;jbd; FLk;gj;jpd; Kd;dzp tpj;jfH gz;bjH gpH[{ k`huh[; xU Gfo;ngw;w fjf; eldf;fiyQH. mtH rpwe;J tpsq;fpa eld MrpupaHfspd; FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;J> mtUila jfg;gdhuhd gz;bjy; mr;rd; k`huh[plkpUe;J eldf; fiyiaf; fw;Wf;nfhz;lhH. ,d;W> cyfstpy; tl ,e;jpa ghuk;gupa eldj;ij toq;FgtHfspy; kpf Kidg;ghf ,Ug;gtHfspy; xUtuhthH. jhj;uhtpypUe;J Jk;up tiu g[idfs; tiu f]y;fs; tiu midj;J tifahd ghuk;gupa ,irapYk; Gyik ngw;wpUe;j jiyrpwe;j gpH[{ k`huh[; Kjd;Kjypy; jdJ VO tajpy; Nkil mtw;iw Nkilapy; Vw;wpdhH. mg;NghjpypUe;J> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; jd;Dila Nkilf; fr;Nrupfshy; cyif trg;gLj;jpAs;shH. mtUila jpwikf;F vy;iyfs; ,y;iy> czHr;rpkpf;f xU ftpQiuAk; Ngr;rhsiuAk; Nghy mtUila gpugyj;jd;ik vg;NghJNk Nfl;Nghiuf; fl;bg;Nghl;L itj;jJ. cz;ikapy;> fjf;if Nkilapy; Vw;wp fpl;lj;jl;l kWkyHr;rpiaf; nfhz;Lte;Js;shH> ,d;W> fpl;lj;jl;l xt;nthU fjf; eldf; fiyQH kPJk; mtUila Qhdj;jpd; nry;thf;F VNjh xU my;yJ NtW topapy; cs;sJ.

kuG Gfo;ngw;w fjf; MjuthsUf;F gpup[;Nkhfd; kp\;uhthfg; gpwe;j gpH[{ k`huh[pd; ngUk;gFjp NeuKk; mtUila jfg;gdhupd; fiyf;

,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

ciuahly;

gz;bjH gpH[{ k`huh[; ,e;jpa ebif khJup jpf;\ ‌ pw; kw;Wk; (fPNo) khztHfSf;F eld mirTfisf; fw;Wf;nfhLf;fpwhH

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Nk - a+d; 2016

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

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,e;jpa juprdk;

Nk - a+d; 2016

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