India perspectives Tamil September October 2016

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vg;nghOJ: nrg;lk;gH 16 vq;Nf: `hpghj;> Nfush

vg;nghOJ: mf;NlhgH 7-11 vq;Nf: ,e;jpah KOtJk;

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vg;nghOJ: nrg;lk;gH 20-26 vq;Nf: ylhf; KOtJk;.

vg;nghOJ: mf;NlhgH 11 vq;Nf: ik#H> fHehlfh kw;Wk;

Fy;Y> ,khr;ry gpuNjrk;.;

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MrpupaH: tpfh]; ];thug; cjtp MrpupaH: epfpNy\; bf;\pj; ntsptptfhu mikr;R miw ,y. 152> ~V| gpupT> rh];jpup gtd;> GJby;yp- 110001, ,e;jpah njh.: 91.11.23388949> 23381719 njhiyefy;.: 91.11.23384663 ,izak;: http://www.indiandiplomacy.in fUj;J my;yJ Nfs;tpfspw;F: osdpd2@mea.gov.in

khf;];NghrH kPbah F&g; ,e;jpah gpiuNtl; ypkpw;nwl; gpuRupg;gtH kw;Wk; jiyik eltbf;if mjpfhup: tpfh]; N[h`up jiyik epHthfp kw;Wk; epHthfg; gzpg;ghsH: gpufh\; N[h`up epiwNtw;W MrpupaH: nrsug; jq;fh jiyik mYtyfk; khf;n]f;]N ; ghrH kPbah F&g; gpshl; vz; 246> 3tJ jsk;> Xf;yh fl;lk; -3> GJ by;yp - 110020 ,e;jpah njh: +91.11.43011111 > njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199

CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 fUj;J my;yJ Nfs;tpfspw;F:

indiaperspectives@maxposure.in

Nfs;tpfspw;F | MMGIPL njh: +91.11.43011111 njhiyefy;: +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

,e;jpa juprdk; mNugpak;> g`rh> ,e;NjhNdrpak;> Mq;fpyk;> gpnud;Q>; N[Hkd;> ,e;jp> ,j;jhypak;>; gh\;Njh> ghurPfk;> NghHj;Jf;Nfak;> u\pak;> rpq;fsk;> ];ghdp\;> jkpo;> rPdk;> ag;ghdpak; Mfpa nkhopfspy; gpuRupf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa juprdk; MdJ miw ,y. 152> ~V| gpupT> rh];jpup gtH> GJby;yp – 110001 vd;w tpyhrj;jps;s $Ljy; nrayhsu;; (MEA) $l;Lr; nrayhsUk;> cj;jpNahfg+Htg; Ngr;rhsUkhd tpfh]; ];thug;ghy; gpuRupf;fg;gLfpwJ> NkYk; MEA-,d; rhHghf gpshl; vz; 246> 3tJ jsk;> Xf;yh fl;lk; -3> GJ by;yp - 110020 ,e;jpah vd;w tpyhrj;jpYs;s khf;]N ; gh\H kPbah F&g; ,e;jpah gpiuNtw; ypkpw;nwl; (MMGIPL) epWtdj;jhy; gpuRupf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa juprdk; xU tUlj;jpy; MW jlitfs; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. midj;J cupikfSk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;lit. ,jpYs;s vOj;jhf;fk;> glNtiy kw;Wk;/ my;yJ Gifg;glj;ij ‘,e;jpa juprdj;jpw;F” ed;wp njuptpj;J cgNahfpf;fyhk; my;yJ kW mr;rplyhk;. ,.nt.m kw;Wk; MMGIPL Mfpait kdkhuf; nfhLf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fs;> ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfs;> Gifg;glq;fs;> glNtiy> xspa+LUT glq;fs; my;yJ kw;iwa nghUl;fspd; ,og;gpw;F nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;s khl;lh. ,r;rQ;rpifapy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; fUj;Jfs; ,.nt.m my;yJ MMGIPL ,d; fUj;Jf;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

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BIMSTEC-I miljy; BRICS gazj;jpy; ntsptUk; gFjpfis cl;gLj;Jk; gof;fj;ij njhlHe;jpl ,e;jpah BIMSTEC 7 ehl;L jiytHfisAk; 8tJ BRICS cr;rp khehl;Lf;F miog;G tpLj;Js;sJ. gq;shNj\;> G+l;lhd;> ,e;jpah> kpahd;khh;> Neghs;> ,yq;if kw;Wk; jha;yhe;J Nghd;w njw;F kw;Wk; njd;-fpof;F Mrpa ehLfSk; mlq;Fk;. fle;j %d;W khehLfSf;F el;G kz;lyq;fspYs;s jiytHfis miog;gJ tof;fkhfp tpl;lJ. njd; Mg;gphpf;fh> njd; Mg;gphpf;f ehLfspd; jiytHfisAk; REC-apd; gpujpepjpfisAk; JUgd;dpy; eilngw;w 5tJ cr;rp khehl;Lf;F mioj;jJ. mij njhlHe;J mHn[d;bdh> nghyptpah> iry;> nfhyk;gpah> <FNtlH> ifahdh> guh[PNa> ngU> #hpNdk;> cUNf> ntdpRtyh Mfpa ehLfis [Piy 2014y; /NghnlNyrhtpy; eilngw;w 6tJ cr;rp khehl;bw;F njd; mnkhpf;fhit nrd;wilAk; tpjkhf gpNurpy; mioj;jJ. 2015 ,y; u\;ah BRICS jiytHfSld; guTjy; mkh;it elj;Jtjw;fhf rhq;fha; out-reach session elj;j rhq;fha; xj;Jiog;G mikg;G jiyth;fis mioj;jJ.

BRICS-d; gjpNdO tajpw;F cl;gl;ltHfSf;fhd fhy;ge;jhl;l Nghl;bfs;> BRICS jpiug;gl tpoh> BRICS ey;tho;T ePjpkd;wk;> BRICS ,isQH ePjpkd;wk;> ,sk; murpay; tpufH ePjpkd;wk;> BRICS tzpf fz;fhl;rp> BRICS el;G efuq;fspd; $l;Lf;FO> BRICS-d; rpe;jid kw;Wk; fy;tp rhHe;j ePjpkd;wk; Nghd;w epfo;r;rpSk; gpwtw;Wld; Nrh;j;J elj;jg;gLk;;. ntspAwT Jiw mikr;rH R];kh Rtuh[; GJ by;ypapy; 2016 BRICS rpd;dj;ij ntspapLk;NghJ Ntw;Wikapd; gpz;zdpapYs;s mbg;gil Nfhl;ghLfisAk; Mdhy; xd;iw xd;W ,izf;Fk; rk;gtq;fisAk; tpthpj;jhH. ,J kf;fSf;F BRICS nra;Kiwia Nkk;gLj;Jk; caHe;j jUzkhfTk;> BRICS gq;FjhuHfs; gy ,e;jpa efuq;fisAk; ,e;jpa khepyq;fisAk; re;jpf;f ey;y jUzkhfTk; ,J mikAk;|.

$l;LwT $l;lhl;rp: BRICS-I khepyq;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nry;Yjy;

,e;jpahtpy; BRICS-d; jiyik vg;NghJk; epidT $wg;glj;jf;fjhFk;. Vndd;why;

gpujkh; Nkhb A+/ghtpy; eilngw;w 7tJ BRICS cr;rp khehl;by; gpw BRICS jiyth;fSld;

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NkNy: GJ jpy;yp BRICS jpiug;gl tpoh jpwg;G tpohtpy; ntsptptfhu mikr;rh;> nghJ (Xa;T) tp.Nf. rpq; kw;Wk; jfty; xypgug;Gj; Jiw mikr;rh; uh[;ath;jd; rpq; uj;Njhh;>

BRICS cs;ehl;L epfo;Tfis ikag;gLj;jp ,d;l;uh-BRICS nghUshjhu kf;fis mij Vw;Wf;nfhs;s nra;J ,izg;gpd; tphpthf;fk; BRICS-I ,e;jpahtpYs;s khepyq;fSf;Fk;> cyfkakhf;Fjy; cj;juit GJtbtpy; khfhzq;fSf;Fk; efuq;fSf;Fk; nfhz;L thHj;njLf;fTk; ,d;l;uh-BRICS -d; nry;YfpwJ. mjd; Nehf;fNk kw;w BRICS nghUshjhu cwTfis ehLfis> jiyefuq;fs; typikg;gLj;jTk;> ghpzkpj;j jtpu ,e;jpahtpd; fyhr;rhuk;> BRICS $l;Lf;FOtpd; BRICS ehLfs; nkhopapay; kw;Wk; ,dk; ika epfo;r;rp epuy; rk;ge;jkhd Ntw;Wikfis cyf nghUshjhu Nfhth cr;rpkhehl;bd; xU ntspg;gLj;JtNj MFk;. ,e;j iky;fy;yhFk;. njhlH tsHr;rpapd; xU tpA+fk; gpujkH Nkhbapd; tPo;r;rpahf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> Kf; f pa rhtpahf jhprdkhd $l;LwT $l;lhl;rpia cWg;G ehLfspd; tsHr;rp cUthFk; Mw;wy; cap&l;Ltjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. tpfpjk; ke;jkhf ,Ue;j ,e;jpah vl;lhtJ BRICS cr;rp ngw;Ws;sd NghjpYk;> BRICS nghUshjhuk; khehl;il jpy;ypapy; itf;fhky; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; ,Ue;jij tpthpf;fpwJ. rthy; 16 yl;rk; Nfhbf;Fk; mjpfkhf tpLk; cyfkakhf;Fjy; #o;epiyapy; BRICS-I Ftpj;Js;sJ. ,JNt cyfkakhf;Fk; ikag;gLj;Jk; ,e;jpahtpd; mbr;RtLfs; nghUshjhu tsHr;rpf;F gpujhd ,e;jpahit caHe;J ghHf;Fk; fhl;rpahf ce;JNfhyhtjw;F rhj;jpakhf ntspgLfpwJ. tpthpf;Fk; jd; nrhe;j ghijapNy kWkyHr;rpf;F ,e;j gpd;dzpaj;jpy;> Nfhth cr;rkhehL> gazpf;fpwjhAk; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. BRICS nghUshjhu gq;FjhuH kw;Wk; 2020

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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2016k; Mz;L BRICS cr;rp khehl;bd; rpd;dj;jpd; tbtk; 8tJ BRICS khehl;by;> nghWg;Gtha;e;j> xl;Lnkhj;j kw;Wk; $l;Lj; jPh;Tfis cUthf;f gpNurpy;> u\;ah> rPdh kw;Wk; njd; Mg;gphpf;fh jiytHfSf;F ,e;jpah miog;G tpLf;Fk;. Gjpa rpd;dk; - jhkiu kw;Wk; tzf;fk; njhptpf;Fk; $g;gpa iffs; BRICS jiytHfis jho;ikNahLk;> ghuk;ghpak;kpf;f khpahijNahLk; NjrpakyH jhkiuNahL ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; tuNtw;Fk;. rpd;dj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l tz;zq;fs; xt;nthU ehl;bw;Fk; milahskhFk;. gpNurpy; gr;ir> u\;ah ePyk;> ,e;jpah fhtp epwk;> rPdh rpfg;G> njd; mnkhpf;fh kQ;rs;.

Nfhth miof;fpwJ Nfhth jdJ Kjy; Kf;fpakhd gy;epfo;Ts;s cr;rp khehl;il elj;jTs;sJ. gpNurpy;> rPdh> u\;ah kw;Wk; BIMSTEC ehLfspd; 900f;Fk; Nkyhd gpujpepjpfs; kw;Wk; murhq;f mjpfhhpfs; ,e;j cr;rp khehl;by; gq;F ngWthHfs; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. rPdhtpYk; u\;ahtpYkpUe;J mjpf msT gpujpepjpfs; tUthHfs;. ,e;j cr;rp khehL Nfhthtpw;F xU rHtNjr Njhw;wj;;ij mspf;f cs;sJ> ,J xU tpLKiw ];jykhf ,y;yhky; njhopy; kw;Wk; rhJh;a ];jykhf ,Uf;Fk;.

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

tiu tzpf nghUshjhu KjyPL $l;LwT BRICS topfhl;bia nray;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Af;jpia kw;Wk; u\pahtpd; fpA+gh cr;rpkhehl;by; cWjpnra;ag;gl;lij rhj;jpakhdjhf;FtJk; MFk;. kuGtop gFjpahd> vz;ka nghUshjhuk;> GJikfs;> Rw;Wyh> ey;tho;T kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuk; Mfpa BRICS-d; njhFg;gpy; Gjpa Kidg;Gfis ntspnfhz;L tuTk;> nghUshjhu rhj;jpaq;fis Nkk;gLj;jTk; BRICS ehLfspd; jiytHfs; BRICS $l;likg;gpy; ,jid ikag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. BRICS jpiug;gl tpoh> BRICS Rw;Wyh fofk;> BRICS ey;tho;T ePjpkd;wk; Mfpait midj;J ehLfspYk; kyUk; fyhr;rhuj;pYk;> Mf;fg+Htkhd njhopw;rhiyfspYk; xU tpNr\pj;j ftdj;ij nrYj;jNtz;ba NDB Vw;nfdNt ,f;fl;bd; gq;F tsUk; ehLfspd; cs;sJ. epGzHfspd; Kd;Ndw;w $wWg;gb tzpfj;ij jpl;lq;fSf;F ,yFgLj;JtJk;> Rw;Wyh tprh fld; toq;f Ml;rpAk; ,d;l;uh â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. BRICS-d; tzpfk; kw;Wk; KjyPl;il Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjpy; xU Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;Fk;. ,d;l;uh-BRICS tzpf kw;Wk; KjyPL rk;ke;jkhd tptuq;fs; BRICS tzpf jiyik $l;lj;jpy; gl;bayplg;gLk;. ,ij ,e;jpahtpd; cr;r tzpf mikg;ghd vg;IrprpI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry) xOq;FgLj;Jk;. midj;J ghpe;JiufSk;> BRICS ehLfspd; tHj;jf mikr;rHfshy; GJby;ypapy; mf;NlhgH 13-14y; KbT nra;ag;gLk;.

BRICS rpe;jid

tHj;jf mikr;rHfspd; $LifAk; mjd;gpd; Nfhth cr;rpkhehl;by; ele;j fye;JiuahlYk; fUj;jpay; kw;Wk; tof;fkhd ftdk; nrYj;jp vd;bgpf;F (New Development Bank) nghpa nghWg;ig gfph;e;jspj;jjhy;> vd;bgp tsUk; ehLfspd; Kd;Ndw;w jpl;lq;fSf;F fld; nfhLj;jypy; Muk;gpj;J> ,e;jpahtpd; fduh tq;fpapd; gRik jpl;lj;Jf;F 250 kpy;ypad;

71tJ I.eh. nghJ rigapy; BRICS FOtpd; ntspAwTj;Jiw mikr;rh;fs;

lhyH tiu fld; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tsUk; ehLfspYs;s cs;fl;likg;G jpl;lq;fSf;fhd Kd;Ndw;w epjpia toq;Ftjpy; ngUk;gq;F tfpf;f vd;bgp Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L BRICS ehLfs;> BRICS nghUshjhu rpe;jidia Vw;gLj;j ,j;jpl;l mwpf;ifia Kd;nkhoptij Muha;e;J> gy;NtW ehLfspYs;s rpwe;j nghUshjhu epGzHfs;> tsUk; ehLfspYs;s nghUshjhu rpe;jidahsHfs; ,izj;J ePz;lfhy toptFg;G %yk; vd;bgp-f;F ,izg;igAk; jpiriaAk; fhl;b BRICS $l;likg;Gf;F nghpjhd nghUshjhu kw;Wk; Kd;Ndw;w epfo;r;rp epuiy nfhLg;gjpdhy; mtHfis ,izg;gjw;F VJthfpwJ. mijg;Nghy> xU jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L BRICS fld; kjpg;gPl;L epWtdj;ijAk; mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; vz;zk; BRICS ehLfSf;F cs;sJ. ,J

Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; Nkw;F gpujpepj;Jt nrayfq;fSf;F xU khw;whf mikAk; vd vjph;g;ghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.

cyf thpirf;F kWtbT+l;ly; ,Wjpahf> BRICS nray;Kiwapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cyfkakhf;Fjypd; Ml;rpKiw> fl;likg;G> murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu fhhpaq;fSf;F kPz;Lk; cUtk; nfhLg;gjhFk;.

Nfhthtpd; 8tJ cr;rp khehL ePz;lfhy jhkjkhFk; jpl;lkhd cyf thpirf;F GJtbT nfhLg;gjw;F xU Gjpa ,aq;F tpiria Maj;jkhf;fp nfhLg;gjw;Fk;> ntspg;gLk; nghUshjhuj;Jf;Fk;> tsUk; ehLfSf;Fk; xU nghpa Mjuit mspg;gjw;fhfTk; cs;sJ.

rh;tNjr tptfhuq;fs;> ntspg;gLk; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa fzf;fpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; www.indiawrites.org xU Nghh;l;ly; kw;Wk; ,-gj;jphpf;if-,jo; ,e;jpah iul;]; nel;nthh;f;fpd; jiyik vbl;luhf Kdp\; re;j; ,Uf;fpwhh;

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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$l;lhz;ik

tsu;e;J tUk; Mg;gpupf;fh ,e;jpahtpd; uh[Pa njhlu;Gfspy; kpf neUf;fj;jpy;

cau;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

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cyfpy; ke;j epiy cytp tUk; ,r; R+oypy; ek;gpf;ifapd; fyq;fiu tpsf;fhf ,f; fz;lk; Kd;Ndwp tUifapy; ,e;jpahtpd; may; ehl;Lf;nfhs;ifapd; ikaj;jpw;F Mg;gpupf;fh efu;eJ ; tpl;lJ ciu; |

kzP\; re;j

,e;jpahtpd; uh[Pa tptfhuq;fspy; 2016 Mk; Mz;L Mg;gpupf;f ehNl Mf;fpukpf;Fk; epiyAs;sJ. mf;Nlhgu; 2015,y; %d;whk; ,e;jpa- Mg;gpupf;f fUj;juq;F cr;rp khehL Kjy; Kiwahf Mg;gpupf;f fz;lj;jpd; midj;J ehLfis Nru;e;j jiytu;fisAk; gpujpepjpfisAk; ,e;jpahTf;F tur;nra;jJ. mjd; ntw;wpia njhlu;e;J ,e;jpa [dhjpgjp> Jiz [dhjpgjp> kw;Wk; gpujku; MfpNahu; Mg;gpupf;f ehLfSf;F ,e;j tUlk; tp[ak; nra;jdu;. Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhj tifapy; ele;Njwpa vy;iyfle;j ,e;j Mg;gpupf;f gazk; tsu;e;J tUk; ,f; fz;lk; njhlu;e;J vOr;rp fhz Jiz epw;gjpy; ,e;jpahtpd; mg;gOf;fw;w mu;g;gzpg;ig fhl;LfpwJ.

Mg;gpupf;f â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ek;gpf;if: ed;dk;gpf;if Kid

Mg;gpupf;f- ek;gpf;if ,d;Dk; rf;jp tha;e;j; xU czu;T. cyfj;jpy; kpf tpiuthf tsu;e;J tUk; nghUshjhuk; Mg;gpupf;f fz;lj;jpy; uPq;fhukpl;L jioj;Njhe;fp tUfpwJ. %yhjuj;ij ek;gpapUf;Fk; Mg;gpupf;f ehLfspilNa nghUs;fspd; tpiy kpfr; rupe;J ke;j epiyia mile;Js;s ,e;j epiyapYk; mJ ele;NjwptUfpwJ. tsu;r;rp tpfpjk; Ntz;Lkhdhy; jpUj;jp mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; Nghf;F ngUk;ghYk; cw;rhfkhdJ- mjpfkhd Mg;gpupf;f ehLfs; kf;fshl;rpiaAk; nghUshjhu rPu;jpUj;jj;ijAk; jOtpapUf;fpd;wd. kw;Wk; etPdkakhf;fy;> njhopy;Jiwkakhf;fy; kw;Wk; efu;g;Gwkhf;fy; Mfpa jpl;lq;fis nray;gLj;j njhlq;fp ,e;j fz;lj;ij ed;dk;gpf;if Kidahf khw;wpAs;sd. njhlUk; ,e;j Mg;gpupf;f vOr;rp kpf Ntfkhf nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpia

nkhrhk;gpf; Rw;Wg;gazj;jpd;NghJ gpujkh; Nkhb khpahijapd; epkpj;jkhf [dhjpgjp khspiff;Fr; nrd;W [dhjpgjp khGNlhit re;jpj;jhh;.

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

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NkYk;> mth; “,e;jpah Raeykw;w ehL ehq;fs; thRnja;t FLk;gj;ij ek;GfpNwhk;” vd;Wiuj;jhh;. nfd;a ,isQh;fis re;jpj;J NgRk;NghJ fyhr;rhu xw;Wik jpiug;gl tpUg;gk;> Nahfh kw;Wk; nfd;ahtpd; ngUik> fiy kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuk;> fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; gw;wp $wpdhh;. 800 kpy;ypad; ,e;jpa ,isQh;fis nfd;ahTld; el;Gnfhs;sr; nra;tNj jk;Kila tpUg;gkhFk; vd;whh;. ,e;j ntspehl;Lg; gazkhdJ vOr;rpkpF Mg;gphpf;f fz;lj;jpd; kf;fs; njhlh;;igAk;> el;igAk; ,UGwKk; tphpTgLj;Jk; vd;whh;.

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,e;jpa gpujkh; nfd;ahtpw;F 30 Mk;Gyd;];fs; toq;fpdhh;.

fz;L tUk; Mrpa ehlhd ,e;jpahit mjd; tsu;r;rpg; ghijapy; re;jpf;fpwJ. ,t;tpuz;Lk; ,ize;j vOr;rp Mg;gpupf;fhTf;fhd Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l ,e;jpa uh[Pa cw;Tfspd; gpd;Gydhf tpsq;FfpwJ.mJ IVv/g;v];– IIII njhlu;e;j cau; kl;l gpuKfu;fspd; tUiffspd; %yk; ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mg;gpupf;fhTldhd ,e;jpahtpd; cwit NkYk; tpuptilar;nra;J mjd; midj;J gFjpfisAk; ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L vl;b miltNj Nehf;fk;. gpujku; eNue;jpu Nkhbapd; tp[aq;fs; fpof;F kw;Wk; njw;F Mg;gpupf;f (nkh]hk;gpf;> njd; Mg;gpupf;fh> lhd;]hdpah> kw;Wk; nfd;ah) ehLfis Nehf;fp ftdk; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> [dhjpgjp lhf;lu; gpuzhg; Kfu;[papd; tp[aq;fs; Nkw;F Mg;gpupf;f mq;Nyhg;/Ngd;> kw;Wk; g;uhq;Nfhg;/ Ngd; (fhdh> Itup Nfh];l;> kw;Wk; ekpgpah) ehLfspYk; kw;Wk; Jiz [dhjpgjp `kpj; md;rhupapd; tp[aq;fs; muG Mg;gpupf;f ehLfspYk; (nkhuhf;Nfh kw;Wk; LePrpah) ,e;jpahtpd; ,e;jpahtpd; ePSk; el;Gf; fuq;fSf;F Gj;Japu; Cl;bd.

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,e;jpah mwptpj;j 10 gpy;ypad; lhyu;fis ikakhf nfhz;l ,e;jpa Mg;gpupf;f iyd; Mg; fpubl;bd; Nky; fl;nlOg;gg;gl;l cwtpd; J}z;fis gyg;gLj;Jk; ,e;j tp[aq;fs; Mg;gpupf;f ehLfspy; Kaw;rpahFk;. xd;gJ Mg;gpupf;f ehLfspy; fl;Lkhdj;jpwd; kw;Wk; fl;likg;Gfis ,e;jpa jiytu;fspd; ,e;j tp[aj;jpy; Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Gjpa iyd;]; Mg; nkhj;jk; 24 xg;ge;jq;fs; ifnaOj;jhfpd. fpubl;LfSf;F topfis gpujku; Nkhbapd; tp[aj;jpd; jpwf;fpwJ. cjhuzkhf NghJ 19 cld;gbf;iffs; rpwpa kw;Wk; nfd;ahtpd; gy;NtW ifnaOj;jhfpd. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju gapw;rpaspj;jy;> fl;likg;Gjpwd;> eLj;ju tu;jj ; f epWtdq;fspd;(v];vk;,) tzpfk; kw;Wk; KjyPL> tsu;rr ; pf;F tsu;r;rpf;fhf 15 kpy;ypad; ghJfhg;G> tptrhak;> ,isQu; ,e;jpah 15 vy;Xrpia Ibgp Nfg;gply; tptfhuq;fs; tpisahl;L kpy; y pad; ypkpnll; > nfd;ah kw;Wk; EioAupik epWtdj;Jf;F mspf;fTk;> toq;Ftjw;F tpjptpyf;F Nghd;w gue;Jgl;l kw;Wk; xU 29.95 kpy;ypad; Jiwfis cs;slf;fpaJ vy;.X.rpf;fhf lhyu; vy;Xrpia upg;l; Ntyp xU xg;ge;jj;ij nlf;];ily;]; njhopw;rhiyia njw;Ftop: ifnaOj;jpl;lJ Nkk;gLj;j nfd;a tsu;r;rpf;fhd $l;LwT murhq;fj;Jf;F mspf;fTk; ,e;j tp[aq;fs; njw;F â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ,e;jpah xU cld;gbf;ifapy; njw;F Fwpf;Nfhs;fis xd;Wf;nfhd;W ifnaOj;jpl;lJ.lhd;]hdpahtpy; ,e;jpah ,irthf mjpfhukspf;Fk; vy;iyf;Fl;gl;l 92 kpy;ypad; lhyu; vy;Xrp I [hd;rghupy; tsu;r;rpia Nkk;glr;nra;Ak; $l;Lwit ePu; toq;Fk; mikg;ig GJg;gpf;fTk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk; mwptpj;jJ. ikakhf nfhz;lit. IVv/g;v];rpy;

nfd;ahtpy; cs;s ieNuhgpapy; ,e;jpag;gpujkh; kw;Wk; nfd;a [dhjpgjp cFU nfd;ahlh thy; ,e;jpa-nfd;a tpahghu xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jplg;gl;lJ.

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

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ekPgpah tp[aj;jpd; NghJ ,U ehLfSk; Mg;gpupf;f ehLfspy; fl;likg;Gj;jpwd; Ib f;fhd xU rpwg;G ikaj;ij epWt xU kw;Wk; fl;likg;ig tsu;f;f ,e;jpahtpd; Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;ld. $l;lhz;ik tpUg;gk; ,e;j cwTfspy; NkYk; murhq;f mjpfhupfspd; jpwd; njspthf ep&gzk; MdJ. lhd;rdpahtpy; tsu;g;G gpupTfshd jdpg;gl;l jpwd; ePu; ts Nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; tsu;r;rpf;fhf tsu;g;G> nghJ MSik> $l;lhf ,U ehLfSk; xU kw;Wk; jiyikj;jd;ik> Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jj;jpy; HRD-apy; Gjpajhf kw;Wk; nghJ epu;thfk; ifnaOj;jpl;ld. NkYk; Mfpait Fwpj;j kw;WnkhU te;jth;fis ,e;jpa NjrPa rpW njhopy; cld;gbf;if ifnaOj;jhdJ. fofk; (vd;.v];.I.rp) xd;Wjpul;b gapw;rp kw;Wk; lhd;]hdpah rpW mspj;jJ njspthd njhopy; tsu;r;rpf;fofk; nghUshjhu jpUg;gj;ij Mfpatw;Wf;fpilapy; xU cwTfis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. [ha;z;l; Mf; \d; g;shd; Kd;ndLj;J (n[Vgp) cld;gbf;ifapy; ifnaOj;jpl;ld nry;Yjy;. gpujku; Nkhbapd; lhd;]hdpah Mg;gpupf;fhTldhd ,e;jpahtpd; tsu;e;J tp[aj;jpd; NghJ ,e;jpah [hd;]pghupy; xU tUk; cwtpy; tptrhak; kw;Wk; czT njhopw;fy;tp gapw;rp ikaj;ij mikg;gjw;F ghJfhg;G Mfpait kpf Kf;fpa xg;Gf;nfhz;lJ. [dhjpgjp Kfu;[papd; Nkilfshf mike;jJ. Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

tptrha $l;LwTf;fhd Kjy; epiyg;gbtk; IVv/g;v];- III $l;L mwpf;ifapy; cs;slf;fg; gl;lJ. md;wpypUe;J ,e;j Kf;fpa tpUe;jpdu;fspd; tp[aj;jpd; NghJ ifnaOj;jplg;gl;l Kf;fpakhd xg;ge;jq;fSk; cld;gbf;iffSk; gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. nkh]hk;gpf;Ff;F gpujku; Nkw;nfhz;l tp[aj;jpd; NghJ ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy; gUg;G tiffis thq;f ifnaOj;jplg;gl;l cld;gbf;if ,e;jpahtpd; czT ghJfhg;gpy; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wk; rhj;jpaKs;s Y}Nrhg;/Nghd; ehLfspd; Mw;wy; tsk; Nfhbl;L fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. mJ NghyNt ,e;jpahTf;Fk; lhd;]hdpahTf;Fk; ,ilapy; ePu;ts Nkyhz;ikf;fhf ifnaOj;jplg;gl;l Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jk; fpof;F Mg;gpupf;f ehl;bd; tptrha Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;W. Nfhl; b ,Ntha;u; ,y; jho;e;j epyq;fspy; tptrha Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf ,e;jpah 102 kpy;ypad; lhyu; iyd; Mg; fpubl;il mspf;f tpiue;J nray;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa [dhjpgjp. cg[dhjpgjp kw;Wk; gpujku; tp[ak; nra;j midj;J ehLfspYk; ,e;jpah tzpfj;ijAk; KjyPl;ilAk;

IAFS-IIIy; ,e;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa nghWg;G: IAFS-III- ,e;jpa-Mg;gphpf;f cr;rpkhehL Mg;gphpf;fhtpw;F jw;NghJ 10gpy;ypad; lhyh;fSk;> mLj;j Ie;J Mz;Lfspy; 600kpy;ypad; Mg;gphpf;fh lhyh;fSk; toq;fg;gLk;. ,e;jpa- Mg;gphpf;fh tsh;r;rp epjpahf 100kpy;yad; Mg;gphpf;fh lhyh; toq;fg;gLk;. ,e;jpa- Mg;gphpf;fh Rfhjhu epjpf;fhf 10kpy;ypad; lhyh; toq;fg;gLk;.

50>000 khzth;fSf;F mLj;j Ie;j Mz;Lfspy; fy;tp cjtpj;njhifahdJ ,ul;bg;ghf toq;fg;gLk;.

Mg;gphpf;f KOtJk; gapw;rp epiyaq;fs; cldbahf mikf;fg;gLk;.

48Mg;gphpf;f ehLfspy; njhiyJ} u kUj;Jtk;> njhiyj;J}uf; fy;tp> jpwikia tsh;f;ff;$ba epiyaq;fs;> gapw;rpfs; kw;Wk; fw;wy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhf ghd; Mg;gphpf;fh kpd;-tiyj;jsk;> fzpdp ,izg;G jpl;lk; Nghd;wit tphpTgLj;jg;gLk;.

Mg;gphpf;f cs;fl;likg;G tsh;r;rp jpl;lj;jpd; %yjdj;ij ,e;jpah cah;j;j ,U;fpwJ. muR kw;Wk; jdpahh; xg;ge;jj;ij tphpTgLj;jTk; Cf;Ftpf;fTk; Mg;gphpf;f njhopw;$lq;fspy; ,e;jpa tpahghu jpwik tphpTgLj;Jk; gphpTfs; njhlq;fg;gLk;. fly;rhh;e;j nghUshjhuj;jpd; $l;L tsh;r;rp.

UNSC Nghd;w cyf rk;ge;jkhd Kf;fpag; gq;Ffs;> jPtputhj vjph;g;G> vjph;kiw nray;ghLfs;> njhiyj;njhlh;G ghJfhg;G> fhyepiy> Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd jil kw;Wk; WTO jil Nghd;wit Mokhf fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;. nray;ghLfis ,ize;J fz;fhzpj;jy;> kPs;ghh;it nra;jy;> Nghd;w jpl;lq;fs; IAFS %yk; eph;zapf;fg;gLk;.

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

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mf;uh fhdh gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; cs;s kfhj;khfhe;jp rpiyf;F ,e;jpa [dhjpgjp gpuzhg; Kfh;[p khpahij nrYj;Jfpwhh;.

mjpfupg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;jpaJ. ,ij ,e;jpa gpuKfu;fSf;Fk; me;ehl;L tu;j;jf r%fj;jpdUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Ngr;R thu;j;ijfs; mbf;Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bd. ,e;jpah-Mg;gpupf;fh ehLfspd; ,Ujug;G tzpfk; jw;rkak; 70 gpy;ypad; lhyu;fshf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W kjpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;jpa ngU epWtdq;fspd; Mg;gpupf;f vjpu;ghu;g;Gfisf; fzf;fpy; nfhz;lhy; ,U GwKk; 100 kpy;ypad; lhyu; Fwpf;Nfhis vz;zpay; nghUshjhuk;> fz;Lgpbg;Gfs;> njhlf;f epiy epWtdq;fs;> Rw;Wyh kw;Wk; gazk; Mfpa Gjpa Jiwfspy; ftdk; nrYj;jp tpiutpy; mile;J tpLthu;fs;.

Af;jp rhu;e;j njhlu;G

,e;jpahTf;Fk; Mg;gpupf;fhTf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ,e;j Nkk;gl;l tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; nghUshjhu $l;LwT Af;jprhu;e;j $l;lhz;ikahy; NkYk; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpwJ. mitahtd jPtpu thjk; kw;Wk; nfhs;isfis Kwpabg;gJ kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L $l;LwT Mfpatw;wpy; $l;L Kidg;G>. njd; Mg;gpupf;fhtpy; gpujku; Nkhb njd; Mg;gpupf;f ghJfhg;G njhopy; Jiwf;F ,e;jpahtpy; nra; vd;w nray;jpl;lj;jpy;

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

gq;FngWkhW mwpTWj;jpdhu;. ,e;jpahTk; nfd;ahTk; ,uhZtj;Jld; ,uhZtk; midj;J JiwfspYk; gupkhw;wk; nra;Jnfhs;SkhW ghJfhg;G $l;lhz;ik cld;gbf;if nra;J nfhz;ld.” ehk; jw;fhg;G kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G Jiwfspy; njhopw;rhiy kw;Wk; Af;jp rhu;e;j ghJfhg;G NjitfSf;fhf $l;lhz;ik Nkw;nfhs;syhk;” vd;W g;upNlhupahtpy; gpujku; Nkhb ,e;jpahtpd; Mg;gpupf;f nfhs;ifapy; xU Gjpa; Af;jp rhu;e;j Kd;ndLg;ig Fwpapl;L $wpdhu;. ,e;jpa ngUq;flypy; tsUk; mw;Gjq;fSf;F kj;jpapy;> midtUf;Fk; Gyg;gLk; tifapy; ,UehLfSk; nra;Jnfhz;l $l;L xg;ge;jkhdJ fly; njhlh;Gila ghJfhg;Gf;F kl;Lkpd;wp> ePyg; Gul;rpahd fly; tpahghuj;ijAk; tsh;f;ff;$baJ. tsh;r;rpAld; $ba> xNu khjphpahd xj;Jf;Nghff; $ba Kf;fpa tpisTfs; Roy; Kiwapy; ,e;jpahtpw;F ew;gyidj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. mZrf;jp FOtpy; njd; Mg;gphpf;fh ,e;jpahtpw;F mspj;j MjuthdJ ,e;jpa-njd; Mg;gphpf;fh cwTKiwia gyg;gLj;Jk;. ,e;jpag; gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb njd; Mg;gphpf;fh FbauRj;jiyth; [hf;fg;

nkhrhk;gpf;fpy; cs;s khGlh ehl;L rl;lrigapy; gpujkh; Nkhbf;F cw;rhf tuNtw;G mspf;fg;gl;lJ.

[_khypw;F ed;wp njhptpf;Fk;NghJ “mZrf;jp FOtpy; ,e;jpahTk; cWg;gpduhf MjuT mspj;j njd; Mg;gphpf;fh [dhjpgjpf;F ed;wp” vd;W njhiynjhlh;G rhjdq;fSf;F mspj;j Ngl;bapy; $wpdhh;.

If;fpa ehl;L ghJfhg;G fTd;rpypy; ,e;jpahit cWg;gpduhf;f gy Mg;gphpf;f ehLfSk; typAWj;Jtjhy; UNSC-ahdJ kPz;Lk; fz;bg;ghf ,UGwKk; ghprPyid nra;J Ntfkhf kWgbAk; tphpthf;fk; nra;ag;gl;l GJf;FOit mikf;Fk; NghJ mjpy; ,e;jpahTk; Mg;gphpf;fhTk; epr;rak; ,lk;ngWk;. ,jw;fpilNa IBSA, BRICS kw;Wk; IOR-A epWtdq;fspYk; ,ilntsp Fiwe;J xd;W kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;l jug;gpdiuf; nfhz;l gzpfs; ,ize;J nray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

Kd;Ndwwg; ghij

nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; Kf;fpa Af;jpfs;

Mg;gphpf;f ehl;;Lld; ,e;jpahtpw;fhd GJ vy;iyia tiuaWf;Fk;. IAFS-IIIIj; njhlh;e;J %d;W ‘S’ ke;jpuq;fshd jpwik (Skill) mstPL (Scale) kw;Wk; Ntfk; (Speed) Nghd;wit ,Uehl;L cwTfisAk; jplg;gLj;Jk;. ,e;jpah jf;f rkaj;jpy; Mg;gphpf;fhTld; nfhz;l ntspj;njhlh;ghy; murpay; tiuglj;jpy; cs;s fz;lq;fspy; Mg;gphpf;fh cah;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;NghJ Mg;gphpf;fh jq;fsJ xg;ge;jjhuh;fis jhq;fNs Njh;e;njLf;Fk; Gjpa cw;rhfj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,e;j Nghl;bfspy; ,e;jpah ,y;iy vd;wNghjpYk;> Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; vOr;rpapy; jd;id ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L njd;-njd; epWtdj;jpy; ,ize;J gq;Fjhuuhf cs;sJ.

rh;tNjr tptfhuq;fs;> ntspg;gLk; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa fzf;fpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; www.indiawrites.org xU Nghh;l;ly; kw;Wk; ,-gj;jphpf;if-,jo; ,e;jpah iul;]; nel;nthh;f;fpd; jiyik vbl;luhf Kdp\; re;j; ,Uf;fpwhh;

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Kd;Ndw;wk;

cyfj;jpd; ntw;Wf;fhy;

Nrhyhu; khkh]; 2016Mk; Mz;by; 78 ehLfspYs;s 800f;Fk; mjpfkhd Nrhyhu; khkh]; 16 ITEC gapw;rp tFg;Gfspd; %yk; gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. NkYk; mtu;fs; 500 fpuhkq;fspYs;s 50000 tPLfis R+upa kpd;rf;jp nfhz;ljhf Mf;fpapUf;fpwhu;fs;. ciu; |

,e;jpa juprdk;

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gq;fu; uha

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ntw;Wf;fhy; fy;Y}upahdJ ,e;jpa Kiw fw;wy; Mfpatw;iw gad;gLj;jp R+upa njhopy;El;g nghUshjhu fofj;jpd; (ITEC) xsp nghwpapayhsu;fshf khwpdhu;fs; fPo; xU gapw;rp epiyakhf 2008 Mk; Mz;L mjp etPd kpd;D}l;L mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghjpUe;J tsu;r;rp fl;Lg;gLj;jp>kpd;dpiy khw;wp> xspckpo; Fiwe;j ehLfspd; (LDC) kpd; trjpaw;w ,U Kida tpsf;Ffs;> Mfpatw;iw njhiyJ}u fpuhkj;jpypUe;J fl;likg;gJ > Cuf te;j xt;nthd;Wk; 40 kpz;zZf;fil (REW+) ntw;Wf;fhy; fy;Y} ngz;fs; nfhz;l ,U kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l tPLfspy; FOf;fs; ntw;Wf;fhy; fy;Y} R+upakpd; mikg;ig vt;thW up ITEC apd; upf;F xt;nthU MW khj epWtJ vd;gijAk; Nrhyhu; fPo; xU gapw;rp ,ilntspapYk; te;jd. khkh]; xU MW khjj;jpy; epiyakhf mtu;fs; fy;TawpT njupe;J nfhz;lhu;fs;.

2008 ,y; mw;wtu;fshf my;yJ Fiwe;j xt;nthU kpd;kakhf;fg;gl;l fy;tp mwpT ngw;wtu;fshf fpuhkj;jpYk; REW+ %yk; gOJ mq;ff P upf;fg;gl;lJ. 35ypUe;J 50 taJ tiu kw;Wk; guhkupg;G Ntiyfis ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtu;fs; Nrhyhu; khkh]; nra;jdu;. gy ehLfspypUe;Jk; te;jpUe;jjhy; gy; me;j r%fj;jpdu;> kz;nzz;iz> NtW nkhop> tl;lhu nkhop NgRgtu;fshf nkOFtu;j;jp>iftpsf;F kpd; fyd;>ifg;Ngrp ,Ue;jhu;fs;. mtu;fs; glq;fs;> FwpaPLfs;> kpd;D}l;lk;> kuk;> Bry; Mfpatf;F xt;nthU fhl;rpg;nghUl;fs;> iriffs; kw;Wk; nray; khjKk; vt;tsT nryT nra;jdNuh me;j

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Kd;Ndw;wk;

36 Mg;gpupf;f ehLfspy; R+upakpd; rf;jp %yk; tPLfSf;F xspjUtjpy; ;ntw;Wf;fhy; mZFKiw Trained BSE/ Number of SOLAR electrified HOUSES

Country

MAURItania

2/55

Mali

3/320

Senegal

9/350

The Gambia

4/114

Guinea Bissau

6/250

Sierra Leone

10/1720

Liberia

8/100

Burkina Faso

13/602

Niger

4/150

Ivory Coast

4/0

Togo

6/185

Ghana

5/110

Benin

2/408

Chad

2/100

Cameroon

4/263

Namibia

7/0

Botswana

7/0

South Africa

5/0

Lesotho

4/412

Sudan

6/100

Central African Republic

4/0

South Sudan

16/237

Ethiopia

10/250

Djibouti

5/250

DR Congo

12/400

Uganda

10/440

Kenya

16/1205

Rwanda

12/340

Burundi

4/100

Tanzania + Zanzibar

31/2000

Zambia

6/200

Malawi

13/316

Zimbabwe

7/150

Mozambique

3/100

Comoros

6/100

Madagascar

7/390

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

1 Mauritania 3 The Gambia 4 Senegal

2 Mali

10 Niger

9 Burkina 13 Benin 6 8 Sierra Leone 11 Liberia 7 12 Togo 15 Ivory Coast Cameroon

20 Sudan

14 Chad

24 Djibouti

5 Guinea Bissau

Ghana

22 South Sudan

21 Car

23 Ethopia

26 27 Uganda Kenya 28 Rwanda Burundi 29 30 Tanzania Zanzibar

25 DR Congo

35 Comoros 31 Zambia

32 Malawi

33 Zimbabawe 16 17 Namibia Botswana

34 Mozambique

18 South Africa 19 Lesotho

msNt ,jw;Fk; MdJ. cyfj;jpy; ,JNt njhopy; El;gj;jpYk; nghUshjhuj;jpYk; jd;dpiwtile;j kpd; trjp nfhz;l fpuhkq;fspy; KjyhtJ 2016Mk; Mz;by; 78 ehLfspYs;s 800f;Fk; mjpfkhd Nrhyhu; khkh]; 16 ITEC gapw;rp tFg;Gfspd; %yk; gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. NkYk; mtu;fs; 500 fpuhkq;fspYs;s 50000 tPLfis R+upa kpd;rf;jp nfhz;ljhf Mf;fpapUf;fpwhu;fs;. ngz;fSf;fhd Kf;fpa MNuhf;fpa gpur;rpidfs;> Nrkpg;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> xU tq;fpf;fzf;if> FWe;njhopiy njhlq;FtJ> kw;Wk; xU Cuf njhopy; KidtuhtJ> gpiog;Gj; jpwd; tsu;g;G> INgL gad; gLj;jp vz;zpay; fy;tp> mjd; %yk; fy;tpawptpy;yhj Cuf ngz;fSf;fhfNt cUthf;fg;gl;l ENRICHE; jpl;lj;jpy; xUtUf;nfhUtu; njhlu;G nfhs;stJ Nghd;wtw;wpw;F Fiwe;jJ xU 200 kzp NeukhtJ mtu;fSf;fhf xJf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j ntw;Wf;fhy; fhe;jpa khjpup cyfstpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fKk; mile;j ntw;wpAk; ntw;Wf;fhy; njhopy;Kiwg; gapw;rp ikaq;fis(BVTC's) nrdfy;>

36

Madagascar

gu;fpdh ghN]h>iygPupah> klfh];fu;> kw;Wk; Mf];L 2015 ,y; ,e;jpad; Nghuk; /ghu; [hd;]pghu; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; xt;nthd;Wk; grpgpf; Iyz;l; ehLfspd; (FIPIC) khehl;L 2.48 Nfhb nrytpy; epWTtjw;F Kbtpy; n[a;g;G+upy; gpujku; Nkhb 14 grpgpf; ntspAwTj;Jiw mikr;rfk; (MEA) Iyz;l; ehl;L jiytu;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; xg;Gjy; mspf;fitj;jJ. ngz;fs; R+upakpd; 70Nrhyhu; khkh];fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;L 14 nghwpahsu;fSf;fhd ntw;Wf;fhy; grpgpf; Iyz;l; ehLfs; jOtpa gapw;rp ikaq;fis epWt 2800 tPLfs; R+upa kpd;rf;jp 2>50>000 lhyu;fis xJf;Ftw;F mspf;fg;gLk; vd;W mwptpj;jhu;. [hd;]pghu; muR [hd;]pghu; muR xg;Gjy; mf;Nlhgu; 2015 ,y; ,e;jpahntw;Wf;fhy; mspj;jJ. mJ [hd;rpghu;; Mg;gpupf;fh Nghuk; cr;rp gapw;rp muR FbauRj;jiytuhy; khehl;by; rTj; Mg;gpupf;fh> epiyaq;fis njhlq;fp itf;fg;gl;L 2015 ekPgpah> fhdh> kw;Wk; khyp Mk; Mz;bypUe;J nray;glj; ehl;bd; Kjy; ngz;kzpfs; epWt 2>50>000 njhlq;fpapUf;fpwJ. 48 Nrhyhu; Mg;gpupf;fhtpypUe;J te;jpUe;j lhyu;fis khkh];fis gapw;Wtpf;f xU Nrhyhu; khkh];fis re;jpj;jdu;. mspf;f xg;Gjy; tl;lhu ntw;Wf;fhy; gapw;rp khehl;L Kbtpy; 15 Mg;gpupf;f mspj;jJ. ikak; njhlq;fTk; kw;Wk; vl;L ehLfs; jOtpa 7500 tPLfSf;F kj;jpa kw;Wk; yj;jPd; mnkupf;f R+upa kpd;rf;jp mspf;f 25 Nfhb fpuhkq;fspy; R+upa; kpd; rf;jp epjpia toq;f mikr;rfk; mspf;fTk;> cs;Jiw ,iz mikr;ru; xg;Gjy; mspj;jJ n[duy; tp.Nf.rpq; mtu;fshy; nfsjkhyh ntw;Wf;fhy; fy;Y}up Nrhyhu; khkh];fs; tp[aj;jpd; NghJ mwpf;if ntspaplg;gl;lJ %yk; ntw;Wf;fhy; khjpupia gug;Gtjw;F

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

n

25

n

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

gq;fhsNji[ Nru;e;j ngz; ntw;Wf;fhy; Nrhyhu; vQ;[pdpau;fspd; rpwg;Gf; Fwpg;Gfs;

Kd;Ndw;wk;

fhl;Ld; kp];l; NkhNdhuh (41 taJ)

Ngfk; nua;[h (37 taJ)

fpuhkk;: [pGd;> fh[pg;G+u;> rpuh[fQ; Foe;ij: 2 fy;tpawpT : fy;tpawpT ngwhjtu; nkhop: ngq;fhyp njhopy;: tPl;L Ntiy Ib,rp fy;tpg;gpupT: XIII (nrg;.2014 khu;r; 2015)

fpuhkk;: fh]pgd;> fh] pG+u;>rpuh[;fQ;r; Foe;ij: 1 fy;tpawpT: fy;tpawpT mw;wtu; nkhop: ngq;fhyp njhopy;: tPl;L Ntiy Ib,rp fy;tpg;gpupT: XIII (nrg;.2015 khu;r; 2016)

fhl;Ld; kp];l; Kd;dp] {u (39 taJ) fpuhkk;: [pGd;> fh[pg;G+u;> rpuh[fQ; Foe;ij: 3 fy;tpawpT : fy;tpawpT ngwhjtu; nkhop: ngq;fhyp njhopy;: tPl;L Ntiy Ib,rp fy;tpg;gpupT: XIII (nrg;.2014 khu;r; 2015)

tPl;L tpsf;FfSf;F kw;Wk; ntw;Wf;fhy; Nrhyhu; vQ;rpdpau;fSf;F R+upa kpd; rf;jpaspg;gjw;F.

As on March 2015

,e;jpa juprdk;

n

26

n

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

Ngfk; \yhf (39 taJ)

Ry;jhdh u]pah (34 taJ)

fpuhkk;: fhf;uhr;rhup Foe;ij: 3 fy;tpawpT : fy;tpawpT ngwhjtu; nkhop: ngq;fhyp njhopy;: tPl;L Ntiy Ib,rp fy;tpg;gpupT: XV (nrg;.2015 khu;r; 2016)

fpuhkk;: fhf;uhr;rhup ; Foe;ij: 3 fy;tpawpT: fy;tpawpT ngw;wtu; nkhop: ngq;fhyp njhopy;: tPl;L Ntiy Ib,rp fy;tpg;gpupT: XV (nrg;.2015 khu;r; 2016)

Ngfk; rfpdh (37 taJ)

Ngfk; Nfh`pD}u; (50 taJ)

fpuhkk;: fhf;uhr;rhup Foe;ij: 4 fy;tpawpT: fy;tpawpT ngw;wtu; nkhop: ngq;fhyp njhopy;: tPl;L Ntiy Ib,rp fy;tpg;gpupT: XV (nrg;.2015 khu;r; 2016)

fpuhkk;: fhf;uhr;rhup Foe;ij: 6 fy;tpawpT: fy;tpawpT ngw;wtu nkhop: ngq;fhyp njhopy;: tPl;L Ntiy Ib,rp fy;tpg;gpupT: XV (nrg;.2015 khu;r; 2016)

Kf;fpakhd; A+vd; (If;fpa ehLfs; ,z;lu; Ne\dy; (BCI) kw;Wk; gpujku; Nkhb rig) epWtdq;fSld; UNWOMEN, kw;Wk; gpuhd;]; mjpgu; njhlq;fpitj;j UNESCO GEF rpW khdpaj; jpl;lkUNDP> ,z;lu; Nerdy; Nrhyhu; my;iyad;];f;Fk; ,e;jpa muR Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,ilapy; xU Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jpl;bUf;fpwJ. Nrhyhu; epiwNtWk; fl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J khkh];fSf;F mspj;j gpuk;khz;l Nrhyhu; khkh]; kpd;rhu trjpapy;yhj Vw;gpirT fhuzkhf kdpj Nea Nritapy; fpuhkq;fis R+upa kpd; rf;jp nfhz;l <Lgl;Ls;s gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fspd; MjuT fpuhkq;fshf khw;Wk; Kaw;rpf;fhFk;. fpilf;fg;ngw;wJ. mitfspy; mtu;fs;.Nrhyhu; my;iyad;];] Kf;fpakhf ];Nfhy; gTz;Nl\ pd; 120 cWg;G ehLfspy; 70 ,e;jpa muR d;(Av];V): xf; gTz;Nl\d;> ehLfspy; cs;shu;fs fpuPd; gtu;(,j;jhyp): <uhy; ntspAwTj;Jiwapdhy; ITEC %ykhf gTz;Nl\d; (Av];V): ghq;f njhlq; fpitf;fg;gl;l Nrhyhu; Mg; mnkupf;fh> Nfhfh Nfhyh> jpiug;glkhd Neh g;uhg;sk; khkhf;fis Mg;gps; ,e;jpah> kw;Wk; Md; Nryhu; khkh]; gapw; Wtpf;fpwJ fhu;l;bau;(gpuhd;]); cs; ehl;bYk;> gy ntsp ,e;jpa muR Nrhyhu; ehLfspYk; gy;NtW tpUJfis khkh];]{f;F ITEC %yk; ntd;Ws;sJ. u/g;gpah Nrhyhu; gapw;rp mspf;fpwJ: mtu;fsJ fpuhkj;jpw;F vd;w jiyg;gplg;gl;l Nrhyhu; nghwpahsu; R+upa kpd; rf;jp mspg;gjw;fhd epjp A+vd; gapw;rp ngw;w Kjy; N[hu;lhd; ngz;kzp kw;Wk; jdpahu; epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J gw;wpa jpiug;glj;ij 40 Nfhb kf;fs; tUfpwJ. mt;thwhd epjpAjtp fpilf;fhj M];jpNuypah njhlq;fp Av]; tiu gl;rj;jpy; ,e;jpa muR me;j fhypaplj;ij gy;NtW jiyrpwe;j miytupir kw;Wk; epug;g Kd;tUfpwJ. ntw;Wf;fhy fhNy[; tiyj;jsj;jsq;fspy; fz;Ls;sdu;.

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

n

27

n

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Kd;Ndw;wk;

ISRO-tpd; nghpa fdTfs;>

nghpa rhjidfs;!

PSLV ek;gfkhd> Vw;Gila> Jy;ypakhd VTfizahf ,Ug;gjdhy; ,J ,e;jpahit gpwehLfs; Fiwe;j nrytpy;> ek;gfkhd Kiwapy; jq;fsJ nraw;iff;Nfhis nry;Ytjw;fhf xU <h;gg ; plkhf;fpapUf;fpwJ. ciu |

gy;yth ghf;yh;

,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;rr ; p ikak; (,];Nuh) Nfhh;itahf gpukpf;fj;jf;f rhjidfis Ghpe;Js;sjdhy;> tpz;ntsp njhopy;El;gj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; ntw;wpf; fij Gtp<h;gG ; kw;Wk; ngUk; rhjidfSf;F rthyhf tpsq;FfpwJ. Rw;Wg;ghijapy; xNu VTjypy; 20 nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; tuyhW gilf;f ehl;bd; Kd;Ndhbahd rpW tpz;fyj;ij VTtjw;fhd CLUty;

,e;jpa juprdk;

n

28

n

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

Kiw mbg;gilapyhd ,e;jpahtpd; nrhe;j nraw;iff;Nfhis jahh; nra;J tUfpwJ. re;jpuDf;F kPzL ; k; xU rhfr Rw;Wyh nry;tjw;F ,e;jpah jahh; epiyapy; cs;sJ. 2016 [_d; 22 md;W> rhpahf 9:26 kzpf;F> Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpd; tq;fhs tphpFlh flw;fiuapy; mike;Js;s =`hpNfhl;lh jPtpypUe;J xU ,e;jpa uhf;nfl; tpz;zpy; Vtg;gl;L mJ ,e;jpa

nraw;iff;Nfhis tpz;zpy; nrYj;j tpz;ntsp epWtdj;jpw;F tuyhW gilj;jJ. vj;jdpf;Fk; ehLfSf;F ,e;jpa xU <h;gG ; Nghyhh; nraw;iff;Nfhs; VT jsk; (Vikakhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,Jtiu> ,];Nuh 113 C34) 26 epkplq;fspy; Rw;Wg;ghijapy; 20 nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis nrYj;jpAs;sJ ,jpy; 74 nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis nrYj;jpaJ. ,J nraw;iff;Nfhs;fs; 20 ntt;NtW ehLfisr; rhjhuzkhd rhjid my;y. tpz;ntspapy; xU Nrh;ej ; jhFk;. NkYk;> ,];Nuh ehl;bw;F Rkhh;w & Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jpirNtfj;jpy; gazpf;Fk; xU 120 kpy;ypad; tUtha; <l;bAs;sJ. gs;spg; NgUe;jpypUe;J Foe;ijfis ,wf;fp tpLtJ Nghy ,Uf;fpwJ. 320 ld; vilAk; kw;Wk; ruhrhpahf 15 khbf; fl;bl ,];Nuh ,Wjpahf ,Jtiu> msTf;F 44.4 kP cauKila jdJ ,wf;iffis ,];Nuh 113 jdJ 36tJ uhf;nfl;il PSLV tphpTg;gLj;JfpwJ! nrYj;JfpwJ. ,ij nrYj;Jtjd; 2016 Nk 23 md;W rhpahf nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis %yk;> ,];Nuh njhlh;eJ ; 35 kpfr; fhiy 7 kzpf;F ,e;jpahtpd; nrYj;jpAs;sJ rpwpa ,e;jpa uhf;nfl;Lfis rpW tpz;fyj;ij Rke;J ,jpy; 74 mDg;gp ntw;wpfukhf rhjid nrd;w ,e;jpahtpd; Gjpa nraw;iff;Nfhs;fs; gilj;Js;sJ. 2008 Mk; uhf;nfl; ,e;jpahtpd; uhf;nfl; Mz;by;> ,];Nuh PSLV-I JiwKfj;jpypUe;J tpz;zpy; 20 ntt;NtW gad;gLj;jp xNu Neuj;jpy; 10 nrYj;jg;gl;l NghJ ehLfisr; nraw;ifNfhs;fis mDg;gp =`hpNfhl;lhtpd; R+lhd kw;Wk; Nrh;ej ; jhFk; xU cyf rhjid gilj;jJ. ,dpa fhiyapd; mikjp ,d;W> 2014 k; Mz;by;> xNu rpjwp XbaJ. Neuj;jpy; mjpfgl;rkhf 37 nraw;ifNfhs;fis ,];Nuh jdJ tuyhw;wpy; mJ Jtq;fpajpype;J ntw;wpfukhf nrYj;jp u\;ah cyf rhjid gilj;Js;sJ. ,e;j rhjidia Kwpabf;Fk; Nehf;fpy;> ,];Nuh ntspehl;L tpw;gidahsh;fspd; 17 nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis nrYj;jpAs;sJ ,tw;wpy; 13 mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; kw;wit n[h;kdp> ,e;NjhNd\pah kw;Wk; fdlhtpw;F nrhe;jkhdjhFk;. gpujkh; mYtyf kj;jpa ,iz mikr;rh; kw;Wk; tpz;ntsp tptfhuq;fs; nghWg;ghsUkhd lhf;lh; [pNje;jpu rpq; njhptpj;jjhtJ> ',e;j 17 ntspehl;L nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis nrYj;jpajd; %yk;> Md;lh; pf;]; fhh;gg ; Nu\d; ypkpnll; 10.24 kpy;ypad; A+Nuh kw;Wk; 4.54 kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f lhyh; tUtha; <l;bAs;sJ." ,J mnkhpf;fhtpw;fhf ,e;jpa uhf;nfl; %yk; nrYj;jg;glf;$ba kpf mjpfkhd xw;iw ,yf;f nraw;iff;Nfhs;fs; MFk;. Rthu];akhf> Kjy; Kiwahf ,e;jpah $fpSf;F nrhe;jkhd nraw;iff;Nfhis nrYj;jpAs;sJ. cyfpd; rf;jptha;ej ; fypNghh;dpah epWtdkhd $fpspd; xU mq;fkhd nlh;uh ngy;yh 110 fpNyh vilaAs;s cah; njhopy;El;gk;tha;ej ; G+kpia Nehf;fpapUf;Fk; nraw;iff;Nfhs; ];ifNrl; n[d;-2-I nrYj;jpAs;sJ. ,e;j $fpSf;F nrhe;jkhd nraw;iff;Nfhs; tiuglq;fs; vLg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vd me;epWtdk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. ntspehl;L tpw;gidahsh;fs; jq;fsJ rpwpa nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis nrYj;j ,e;jpa VTjsq;fis Njh;en ; jLg;gJ mjpfhpj;Js;sJ; ,];Nuh %yk; nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis tpz;zpy; nrYj;j 50% tiu Fiwthf nrythtjdhy; ,J xd;Wk; Mr;rhpag;glj;jf;fjhf ,y;iy.

PSLV xU ek;gfkhd> yhgfukhd kw;Wk; Jy;ypakhd VTjskhf cUntLj;Js;sJ ,J kypthd kw;Wk; ek;gfkhd Kiwapy;

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

n

29

n

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Kd;Ndw;wk;

ngq;fShpy; ,uz;L #hparf;jp mikg;G gad;gLj;Jjy; Nrhjid

,Jtiu tuyhW fhzhj mstpw;F rpwFfis njhopy;El;g nra;Kiwahsh; (RLV-TD) tphpj;Js;sJ. ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp epWtdk; Kjy; Kiwahf nly;lh ,wf;iffs; nfhz;l Kjd;Kjyhf Kw;wpYk; ,e;jpahtpd; Kaw;rpahy; tpz;fyj;ij ,];Nuh nrYj;jpaJ kw;Wk; ,J cs;ehl;bNyNa jahhpf;fg;gl;l jdJ nrhe;j 'tpz; tpz;zpy; nrYj;jg;gl;l Rkhh; 13 epkplq;fspy; fyj;ij" tpz;zpy; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. mjd; nrhe;j XLghijapypUe;J tpyfp tq;fhs ',];NuhtpYs;s ekJ tpQ;Qhdpfspd; tphpFlhtpy; tpOe;jJ. Mw;wy; kw;Wk; mh;gg ; zpg;Gld; $ba ciog;G nray;ghl;L tpz;fyj;ij Kaw;rpj;j xNu ehL Mr;rhpag;glj;jf;fjhfTk; kpfTk; mnkhpf;fhthFk;> ,J 135 Kiw vOr;rpA+l;LtjhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ"vd tpz;fyj;ij tpz;zpy; nrYj;jp tpQ;QhdpfSf;F tho;jJ ; 2011k; Mz;by; Xa;T ngw;wJ. u\;ah uhf;nfl;fis njhptpj;J gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhb G+uhd; vd miof;fg;gLk; xNu xU kWRow;rp ,t;thW $wpdhh;. tpz;fyj;ij kl;LNk cUthf;fpaJ. nra;tjd; %yk; Mk;> nghpa rf;jpfs; ,J 1989 Mk; Mz;L xUKiw $l rpwFs;s kPzL ; k; tpz;zpy; gwe;jJ. ,jd; gpwF> nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis gad;gLj;jf;$ba uhf;nfl;Lfis gpuQ;R kw;Wk; [g;ghd; rpy Nrhjid tpz;zpy; nrYj;Jk; cUthf;Fk; vz;zj;ij tpkhdq;fis cUthf;fpd. nryit Fiwf; f yhk; iftpl;ld Mdhy; uhf;nfl;il vd ,e;jpa ntw;wpia kWRow;rp nra;tJ my;yJ nghwpapayhsh;fs; milahsg;gLj;JfpwJ! mij kPzL ; k; gad;gLj;JtNj rkPgj;jpy;> 2016 Vg;uy; 28 md;W nraw;iff;Nfhs;fis nrYj;Jk; ek;Gfpd;wdh; PSLV-ahdJ Rw;Wg;ghijapy; VO nryit Fiwg;gjw;fhd jPht ; hFk; nraw;iff;Nfhs;fspy; ,Wjpahdij vd;gij ,e;jpahtpd; nghwpahsh;fs; ntw;wpfukhf nrYj;jpa NghJ> ,e;jpahtpd; NAVIC ek;gpdhh;fs;. kPzL ; k; gad;gLj;jf;$ba - ',e;jpa tpz;kd P ; CLUTjiy" epiwT nra;a njhopy;El;gk; ntw;wp ngw;why;> nghUl;fis ,];Nuh xU gpuj;jpNafkhd Nkhjiy Vw;gLj;jpaJ. tpz;zpy; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd nryT fpNyhTf;F $ ,e;jpa nraw;iff;Nfhs; tpz;kd P ; Vw;fdNt ,e;jpa 2>000 vd;w mstpw;F 10 klq;F tiu FiwAk; vd epyg;gug;G KOtJk; ,uTk; gfYk; topfhl;Ljy; ,];Nuh tpQ;Qhdpfs; ek;Gfpwhh;fs;. rpf;dy; ftNui[ toq;fp tUfpwJ. ,J ,];Nuhtpd; kPzL ; k; gad;gLj;jf;$ba tpz; fyk; -

,e;jpa juprdk;

n

30

n

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

,];NuhthdJ gy;NtW ehLfspd; 74 nraw;iff; Nfhs;fis nrYj;jpAs;sJ. mjpfkhd JUt nraw;ifNfhs; nrYj;Jk; thfdj;ij ngWtjd; %yk; ,e;jpah ,g;NghJ VTfiz nrYj;Jk; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpf;f jpl;lkpl;bUf;fpwJ.

xU tpaj;jF rhjidahFk;.

Fiwe;j gl;n[l;by; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. epr;rakhfNt> ghf;fp];jhDldhd fhh;fpy; Nkhjypy;> mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; u\pa mikg;Gfs; cyfstpy; rpwe;j juKila nraw;iff;Nfhs; rhh;ej ; jlq;fis gjpg;gjw;F ,e;jpa NAVIC xU gpuhe;jpa CLUty; Kiw rpf;dy;fspd; mZfy; GJ mDkjpfis toq;FfpwJ vd;gJ njspthfpAs;sJ. jpy;ypapy; kWf;fg;gl;l NghJ> ghfp];jhdpah;fs; Njitg;gLk; NghJ nraw;ifNfhs;fspd; caukhd kiyfspy; cUthf;fpa typikahd vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; ,e;jpahtpd; gJq;F Fopfis mopf;f jPtpukhf Kaw;rpj;j jlj;ij cyfkwpar; nra;ayhk;.

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Ntz;Lk; vd tpUk;gpd. thpia GST thf;fhdJ epHzak; nra;jgpd; kPz;Lk; mtw;iw ,e;jpahtpd; ijhpakhd ghprPyid nra;J KbntLg;gJ caHj;j epiyg;ghL vd;gjid vd;gJ gy Fog;gj;;jpid Ntz;Lk; cyfpw;F ep&gpj;jNjhL> cz;lhf;Fk;. mjpfgl;r thpia vd;fpd;wd ehl;by; jdpg;gl;l tpw;gid epHzapf;f tpUk;Gk; khepyq;fs; thpia tphpthf;fp> 1.3 18-19 rjtPj mstpw;F gpy;ypad; gadPl;lhsHfis mjpfhpj;jhy; nghUshjhuj;jpy; xNu re;ijapy; <LgLj;jpaJ ,ij gztPf;fj;ij cz;lhf;Fk; vd;gij mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa A+dpad; kdjpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. xLf;fg;gl;l $l mila Kbatpy;iy. mLj;j kpfg; tlfpof;F khepykhd m];]hk; GST nghpa rthy; GST jpUj;jkhFk; ghjp jpUj;jj;ij Kjd;Kiwahf rl;lrigapy;

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nfhz;Lte;jJ vd;gJ kfpo;r;rpfukhd Nghd;w rpy gphpTfs; yhg kjpg;G tp\akhFk;.

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,e;jpah xU cyf nghUshjhu kpd;epiyakhf vd;gNj ,e;j mikg;gpw;F vjpuhdjhFk;. Gjpa cUntLf;Fk; rhj;jpaj;Jld; xU tsUk; kw;Wk; GJg;gpf;ff;$ba Mw;wy; mikr;rfj;jhy; rf;jpahf jpfo;fpwJ. ,e;j tsh;r;rpia ,e;jpah eph;tfpf;fg;gLk; ,e;j nray;jpl;lk; 2022k; vt;thW xU njspthd kw;Wk; epiyahd Mz;Lf;Fs; 22GW #hparf;jp cw;gj;jp Kiwapy; J}z;LfpwJ vd;gNj Nfs;tpahFk;. ,yf;if miltjw;fhf 2010Mk; Mz;L njhopw;rhiykakhf;fypd; Kjy;fl;lj;jpy; cUthf;fg;l;ljhFk;. 2015 Mk; Mz;by;; muR Nkw;Fg;gFjpfs; yhgk; fz;ld> Kd;Ndwpa mjd; ,yf;if 2022k; Mz;Lf;Fs; 100GW ehLfs; ,d;W midj;J yhg Nehf;f ngw Ntz;Lnkd jpUj;jp mikj;jJ. ,e;j tsh;r;rpf;fhf js;sg;gl;Ls;sd> jpl;lkhdJ 40GW #hparf;jp Nrkpg;G nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; tho;f;if Nkw;$iuahfTk; 60GW eLj;ju KiwfspYk; Fwpg;gpl;l epiyia kw;Wk; nghpa ,izg;Gr; rl;l gRik kw;Wk; mile;Js;sd> mit mjpf Nkw;$iuahfTk; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. J}a;ikia nryTkpf;fjhd Gije;J fplf;Fk; ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;F 6.00>000 Nfhb Nehf;fpr; epyf;fhp Nghd;w rf;jpf;F khwhf xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nry;tJ GJf;gpf;f;$ba> Rj;jkhf kw;Wk; vjph;ghh;j;jJ Nghy> fle;j tUlk; epiyahf fpilf;ff;$ba muR Gjpa ,yf;if mwptpj;j NghJ xU Njh;Nth rf;jp %yq;fis cUthf;f rpy re;Njfq;fs; vOe;jd – ehk; my;yJ Nghf;F js;sg;gl;Ls;sd. msTf;fjpkhf ,yf;fpl;Ltpl;NlhNkh? epiyNah my;y.

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6.700MW Mf ,Ue;jJ. jw;NghJ Vwj;jho ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ,j;jpl;lk; mjd; ghijapy; 7>700MW MfTk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ. rpy rthy;fis re;jpf;f Ntz;baJs;sJ. khh;r; 2017y; 17>000MWthf tpUj;jp #hparf;jp ,aw;ifahfNt fpilj;j NghjpYk; nra;ag;gLk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. 2017epr;rakhf ,jw;fhd nryT mjpfkhFk;.

18 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J> ehk; xt;nthU Mz;Lk; ,lKk;> Nrkpj;jhYk; mLj;j rthyhFk; 15>000MW cw;gj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;” vd Fwpg;ghf kiof;fhyq;fspy; Nrhyhh; njhptpj;jhh;. ,itaidj;Jk; nray;gLj;jg;gl Nkw;$iuAld; $ba vy;iyfs;> gpw nghUl;fs; Ntz;ba ,yf;fhFk; Mdhy; ,lj;ij Mf;fpukpf;Fk;. ,j;jifa ,J Kbty;y. “Foha;topapy; rthy;fSld; jpl;lkhdJ #hparf;jpapd; nfhs;sT gbg;gbahd tsh;r;rpapid #hpa rf;jpahdJ Vwj;jho 20>000MW MFk; Nehf;fpr; nrd;W ,yf;fpid gfph;khd Kiwapy; ,jpy; Rkhh; 14>000MW kl;LNk mila Kaw;rpg;gNjhL cyfg; cw;gj;jp epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ” vd fG+h; Nghf;fpw;F ,izahd epiyapYk; NkYk; njhptpj;jhh;. #hpa rf;jp gw;wpa mwpit cWjp nra;ag;gLfpwJ mstw;w #hpa ntg;gNk nra;fpwJ NkYk; Njrpa mstpy; kw;Wk; $Ljy; ,e;jpahtpd; khngUk; nrhj;jhFk; nrOik kw;Wk; KOikahd nfhs;jpwikAk; ntg;gkz;ly ehLfs; Mz;bd; ntw;wpia Nehf;fpr; nry;y jFe;j Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwJ ngUk;ghyhd ehl;fspy; cah; #o;epiyf;F xg;Gjy; mspf;fpwJ Mw;wYila #hpantg;gj;ij ,g;gFjpapy; fG+h; ,uz;L ngWfpd;wd> NkYk; murhdJ fhuzq;fis njspTgLj;Jfpwhh; ,e;j Mw;wiy KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jp KjyhtJ> Nrhyhh; fl;lzq;fs; 4.34 k/w/ Fiwe;j fhy mstpy; kpFe;j Mjhaj;ijg; hr Mf tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ mjpf KjyPNl ngw Ntz;Lk;. rkd;ghl;L msT vd;gJ #hparf;jpia rhj;jpakhf;Fk; vd;gth;fSf;F ,jd; kw;nwhU Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;. xU epthuzkhFk;. ,e;j Fiwe;j gl;r Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhf> FWfpa fhyj;jpy; vy;iyahdJ /Nghh;lk; /gpd;#h;ah rf;jp guty; mbg;gilapy; #hparf;jpia cw;gj;jp epWtdj;jpy; 70MW #hpa epiyia> NTPC nra;ayhk; kw;Wk; Jhpjkhd nray;jpwd; ghl;yh #hpa G+q;fh nlz;lhpd; NghJ Nrh;g;Gf;Fk; cjTfpwJ. Fwpg;gplg;gl;L xg;ge;jkplg;gl;lJ> NkYk;

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[t`h;yhy; NeU Njrpa #hpa rf;jp jpl;lj;jpd; ,yf;Ffs; fhyepiy khWghl;by; Njrpa nray;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; xU mq;fkhd JNNSM vd;gJ fhyepiy khw;wj;jpd; rthyhd mk;rq;fis vjph;nfhs;Sk; xU rh;tNjr Kaw;rpahFk;.

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2022 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs;> ,e;jpah KOtJk; 20>000MW kpd; ,izg;G toq;Ftjw;F JNNSM ,yf;fpl;Ls;sJ

MNRE nkhj;jkhf 100>000MW ,yf;if mila kpd; tpepNahfj;ij 40>000MW cw;gj;jpnra;Ak; Nkw;$iu #hparf;jp jpl;lk; kw;Wk; 60>000MW cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; nghpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju msT jpl;lk; vd ,Utifahfg; gphpj;Js;sJ.

“fl;lzq;fs; ,lj;jpw;fplk; khWgLk;. cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; jpl;lq;fis rhj;jpakhf;f kw;Wk; epiyehl;l jq;fs; nrhe;j fzf;Ffis nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;” vd fG+h; njhptpj;jhh;. ,Ug;gpDk;> “Fiwthd fl;lzq;fs; gy;NtW nld;lh;fspypUe;J tUfpd;wd” vd;gij njspTg;gLj;jpdhh; kw;Wk; ge;jyh ,yf;fk; xUKiw epfo;T my;y. eLepiyikapd;ik ,uz;lhtJ gpur;ridahFk;. ,g;NghJ> ngUk;ghyhd #hparf;jp jpl;lq;fs; F[uhj;> uh[];jhd; kw;Wk; Me;jpug;gpuNjrk; Nghd;w khepyq;fspy; epWtg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j khepyq;fSf;F gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng #hparf;jp Njrpa epuy;fspd; NghJ kj;jpa murhy; KbT nra;ag;gl;L> toq;fg;gl;L jw;NghJ Kd;ddpapy; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. jw;Nghija Nfs;tp: gpw khepyq;fis vt;thW gpd;gw;WkhW Cf;fg;gLj;JtJ vd;gjhFk;?

,jw;fhf> ve;nje;j khepyq;fspy; vy;yhk; Fiwe;j msTj; jpl;lk; cs;sNjh mq;F kj;jpa murhdJ mq;F khdpakhf xU njhifia jUtNjhL fl;lzj;ij 4..50 akwhr Mf eph;zapj;Js;sJ. ,J ,yf;if milaf; $ba jpl;lkhFk;. Fwpg;ghf #hparf;jp jpl;lkhdJ Fiwe;j msthf jw;NghJ nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Ke;ija Mz;Lfspy; ,e;jpahtpy; rpy ,lq;fspy; kl;LNk epWtg;gl;l jpl;lkhdJ 2010 ,y; 18MW Mf ,Ue;jJ 2015 ,y; 3800MW ,yf;if mile;Js;sJ. ,jd; tpisthf> #hpa kpd; rf;jpapd; fl;lzk; 2010 ,y; 17.90/ A+dpl; Mf ,Ue;J jw;NghJ 2015y; 7/ A+dpl;lhf Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,j;Jiwapd; njhlh;r;rpahd Ma;T kw;Wk; tsh;r;rp rkPgj;jpa tUlq;fspy; #hpa rf;jpia miltij kpfTk; vspjhf;fpAs;sJ.

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

n

39

n

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

fyhr;rhuk;

jPikia ntd;W ntw;wpiaf;

nfhz;lhLk; tpoh

,e;jpa juprdk;

n

40

n

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

jruh tpohthdJ njd; khepyq;fSf;F ,izahd tifapy; tlkhepyq;fspYk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ciu |

NuZfh #Hatd;[p

,e;jpahtpy; cs;s xt;nthU khepyKk; xU jdpj;jd;ikia nfhz;Ls;sd. ehlhdJ tpohf;fisf; nfhz;lhLtjpYk; jdpj;jd;ik ngw;wjhf cs;sJ. jruhthdJ ,e;jpah KOtJk; Fwpg;ghf njd; khepyq;fspy; %d;wiu K$Hjq;fisf; nfhz;L kq;fsfukhf nfhz;lhlg;gLk; tpohthFk;. ,J %d;whtJ K$Hj;jkhFk;. KjyhtJ Fb gl;th (Gudi padva)> ,uz;lhtJ mf;\a jpUjpia (Akshay Tritiya) kw;Wk; gl;thtpd; (Padva) miu K$Hj;jkhdJ jPghtsp rkaj;jpy; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ngz;flTs; JHfh kfprhRud; vd;w nfhba muf;fid tjk; nra;J> jPikia mopj;J ntw;wpiag; ngw;w milahsj;ij rpwg;gpf;Fk; tpjkhf fHehlfh> jkpo;ehL> Nfush kw;Wk; Me;jug;gpuNjrk; Nghd;w khepyq;fspy; ,e;j tpoh rpwg;ghff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ngz;flTs; JHfh xd;gJ ,uTk; gj;J gfYk; kfprhRuDld; Nghhpl;ljhf $wg;gLfpwJ. gj;jhtJ ehs; ntw;wpia mile;jjhy; tp[ajrkp vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. tp[a; (Vijay) vd;why; ntw;wp (Victory) jrkp vd;why; 10tJ ehs; vd;w nghUs;gl tp[ajrkp vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

Guhz Fwpg;Gfs;;:

Guhzj;jpy; tpohitg; gw;wp gy tifahd Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd. mRu kd;dd; uhtzd; flTs; uhkhpd; kidtpahd rPijia ,yq;iff;F J}

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

n

41

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

fyhr;rhuk;

f;fp; nrd;wgpd; ,uhkH ,yq;iff;Fr; nrd;W ,uhtzDld; Nghhpl;L jd; kidtp rPijia jpUk;gf; nfhz;L te;j milahskhf jruhtpoh nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ vd;w fijAk; cz;L. NkYk; etuhj;jphp vd;gJ ngz;flTs; JHf;fhit tPL kw;Wk; Nfhtpy;fspy; tuNtw;Fk; tpjkhf ,e;j xd;gJ ehl;fSk; tpujk; Nkw;nfhz;L jruh md;W tpujk; Kbj;J nfhz;lhlg;gLk; tpohthFk;.

md;W mwpahikapy; ,Ue;J mwpT ngw;wjd; milahskhf jruhtpoh nfhz;lhlg;gLk;.

khngUk; CHtyk; (fHehlfh)

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jkpo;ehl;by; J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s FyNrfugl;bzj;jpy;; jruhtpohtpd; NghJ ehl;Lg;Gw fiyQHfspd; epfo;rp.

,e;jpa juprdk;

n

42

n

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

NkNy: jruhtpw;fhf uhtzdpd; cUtk; kw;Wk; rhKz;B];thp Nfhtpiyr; Rw;wp CHtykhf nry;Yk; JHfh rpiy

myq;fhpf;fg;gLtJ> Mapuf;fzf;fhd ntspehl;L itf;fg;gLthh;fs;. fPo;g;gbfs; nghJthf Rw;Wyhg; gazpfis ftUk;. xt;nthU Mz;Lk; nghk;ikfs; itj;J myq;fhpg;gjw;fhf Foe;ijfSf;F xJf;fg;gLk;. guhkhpg;gpw;fhf xU Nfhb &ghAk;> 25>000 xsp tpsf;FfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ahidfSf;F nghk;kyh nfhyT Me;jpug;gpuNjrk; rpwg;ghd gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gLk;. 12 ahidfs; ,ju tpohf;fisg; NghyNt CHtyg; ghijapy; CHtyj;jpw;F ,e;j tpohtpw;Fk; kf;fs; Kd;G nry;tjw;fhf ik#H Kd;djhfNt filfspy; muz;kidapy; ,Ue;J jruh tpoh nfhY nghUl;fs; thq;fp jahH gz;zpkhd;lhg; tiu my;yJ NfhY]; nra;fpd;wdH. jkpoHfisg; jpdKk; 2 Kiw mioj;J vd miof;fg;gLk; NghyNt Me;jpu kf;fSk; nrd;W gof;fg;gLk;. nghk;ikfis itj;J Fwpg;gpl;l rpW cWtq;fisf; nfhY (jkpo;ehL) Kiwapy; nfhY itg;gH. nfhz;L xd;gJ jruh jpUtpoh njhlq;Ftjw;F ,jid nghk;kyh nfhYT vd ehl;fSf;F Kd;ghf xd;gJ ehl;fSf;F miof;fpd;wdh;. Nfhtpy;fs; Muk;gkhfpwJ. Kd;G rpwpa cUtpyhd xd;gJ ehl;fSk; G+f;fshy; nghk;ikfis kug;gbfspy; myq;fhpf;fg;gLk;. jpUkiyapy; itj;J myq;fhpf;fg;gLtJ cs;s ntq;fNl\;tuh nfhY vd miof;fg;gLk;. ,it Ie;J> NfhtpypYk;> tp[athlhtpy; cs;s fdf VO my;yJ 11 vd;w xw;iwg;gil JHfh mk;khthW NfhtpypYk; jruh rpwg;ghf vz; thpirapy; mikf;fg;gl;l gbfspy; nfhz;lhlg;gLk;. ,e;j ehshdJ ey;y itf;fg;gLk;. NkNyAs;s Kjy;gbapy; ngz; mjpH\;lk;> ed;ik> nry;tk; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F nja;tq;fshd ru];tjp> JHfh kw;Wk; yl;Rkp topfhl;Lk; tpohthff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

n

43

n

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

ghuk;gupak;

cly; kw;Wk; kdj;jpw;Fg; gapw;rpaspg;gjw;Fupa xU KOikahd

mZFKiw

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,e;jpa juprdk;

n

Nftp gpupah

44

n

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

gpu[hgjpfs; my;yJ gilg;gpd; gpuGf;fspy; fiyfSf;Fk; jhahff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. xUtuhd jl;rDldhd rptdpd; fsup thHj;ijapd; Kjy; Fwpg;G> xU Nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fg; gpwF fsupg;gapw;W NghH muq;fk; kw;Wk; xU NghHf;fsj;ij vt;thW gpwe;j vd ,e;jpag; tptupf;f rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Guhzq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ Njhd;WfpwJ. xt;nthU tPuUk; fsupg;gaw;W vd;W njupAkh? gpd;dH> rptd;> mtuJ Ml;rpapd; NghJ kfhtp\;Ztpd; MwhtJ ,uhZtg; gapw;rp ngWtH kpfg; goikahd mtjhukhd guRuhkUf;F kw;Wk; mJ kpfg; goikahd rz;il ,e;jj; jw;fhg;Gf; fiyiaf; rz;il mikg;Gfspy; xd;whff; mikg;Gfspy; fw;gpj;;jhH> ,ijnahl;b mtH fUjg;gLfpwJ. xd;whf mtUila 21 rPlHfSf;Fg; gpugykhf kw;Wk; ghlk; fw;gpj;jhH> gpd;dH 108 gutyhf njd; khepyq;fspy; fUjg;gLfpwJ fyhupfs; - gs;spfs; my;yJ eilKiwapy; ,Ue;j jw;fhg;Gf; clw;gapw;rp epiyaq;fis fiy tbtk; gpupl;b\ - Nfush KOtJk; jpwe;J itj;jhH. hy; jilnra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jd; Nehf;fk; ,d;W> fsupg;gapw;W midj;J jw;fhg;G vd;ndntd;why; cs;ehl;bduhy; gpupl;b\

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

n

45

n

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

ghuk;gupak;

jw;fhg;Gf; fiy tbtk; tho;f;ifapd; xU Mjhukhf cs;sJ kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhf; gazpfSf;fhf rpwg;G epfo;r;rpfs; elj;jg;gLfpd;wd

hUf;F mr;RWj;jy; ,y;yhkypUg;gij fsupg;gaw;wpd; ntt;NtW tbtq;fspy; gapw;rp cWjpnra;tjhFk;. Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd; nra;J tUfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,e;j midj;Jg; jw;fhg;Gf; fiy tbtk; GJg;gpf;f ghzpfspd; mbg;gil fiy> mwptpay;> Muk;gpj;jJ. Mdhy; mJ gpd;dH - RNjr kUj;Jtk; Mfpatw;wpd; xd;W$l;ly; muRfs; - mjd; MjuthsHfis ,oe;jJ. MFk;. Fsupg;gaw;wpd; gy;NtW ,af;fq;fs; vdpDk;> jw;NghJ kPz;Lk; tpyq;Ffspd; nray;fs; kw;Wk; ftdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,d;W> epw;Fk; tpjj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; fsupg;gapw;W tho;f;ifapd; tpyq;Ffspd; ngauplg;gl;lJ. jw;fhg;Gf; xU Mjhukhf cs;sJ kw;Wk; jw;fhg;Gf; fiy tbtk; fiy tbtk; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfSf;F Fwpg;ghf Ntl;ilf;fhuHfs; tpyq;Ffspd; njd; khepyq;fspy; tUif jUk; NghH cj;jpfis cw;W Nehf;fpa mbj;jy;>; ntspehl;ltHfSf;F rpwg;G NghJ fhLfspy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ fpLf;fpg;gpb> epfo;r;rpfs; elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. fsup vd;W cijj;jy; mjdhy; ,yq;if> kNy\ miof;fg;gLk; xU ciwapy; kw;Wk; gha;jy;; pah kw;Wk; ,e;NjhNd\ gapw;wg;gl;l> 21mb x 42mb> eltbf;iffis pahitj; jhz;b mjd; Gfo; jw;fhg;Gf; fiy tbtk; MdJ tsHe;J te;jJ. mbj;jy;;> fpLf;fpg;gpb> cijj;jy; kpfTk; ghuk;gupakhf> rPdhtpd; \ kw;Wk; gha;jy; Nghd;w cs;slf;FfpwJ htypd; Nfhtpy; jw;fhg;Gf; eltbf;iffis cs;slf;FfpwJ. fiy ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J te;j Fsupg;gaw;W Nfus jpNal;lH Gj;j Nfhj;jpuj;jiytH kw;Wk; rhd; (n] kw;Wk; kpf Kf;fpakhf fjfsp kw;Wk; Njak; d;) ngsj;jj;jpd; epWtdH NghjpjHkuhy; Nghd;w eld tbtq;fspy; gy gupzhk (fp.gp. 450-523) mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. tsHr;rpapd; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. tlf;F kj;jpa kw;Wk; njw;F ghlrhiyfs; NkYk;> ,e;jpah kw;Wk; cyfpd; gy;NtW my;yJ ghzpfspy; %d;W ghlrhiyfs; gFjpfspy; cs;s rpdpkh el;rj;jpuq;fs;

,e;jpa juprdk;

n

46

n

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

tsu;r;rpfhZk; nghUshjhu cwTfs;. tpyq;F kiwe;jpUe;J jhf;Fk; NghHf;fiyAld; mbj;jy;> gw;Wjy;> kpjpj;jy; kw;Wk; gha;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwr; nra;Ak; xUtH 74 taJ kPdhl;rpak;kh FUf;fs;. fsupg;gaw;wpy; epGzj;JtKs;s kpf KJikahd thOk; ngz;zhd; kPdhl;rpak;kh MW tajpy; jw;fhg;Gf; fiy tbtj;ijf; fw;fj; njhlq;fpdhH kw;Wk; RkhH MW jrhg;jq;fshf mijg; gapw;Wtpj;J tUfpwhH. mtH tl Nfushtpy; Nfhopf;NfhL mUNf tlfuhtpYs;s flhjde;jd; fsup rq;fj;ij ,af;fp tUfpwhH> mq;F xt;nthU Mz;Lk; E}w;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l khztHfs; jw;fhg;Gk fiy tbtj;jpy; gapw;rp ngWfpd;wdH.

fsupg;gaw;W ,g;NghJ fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; fw;Wjug;gl;L tUfpwJ

jpiuapy; kw;Wk; jpiuf;F mg;ghYk; fsupg;gaw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; mjd; Gfopy; gq;Nfw;fpd;wdH. kiyahs Rg;gH];uhHfs; Nkhfd;yhy; kw;Wk; kk;Kl;b> n`hq;nfhq;if NrHe;j n`hypTl; ebfH kw;Wk; jw;fhg;Gf; fiyQH [hf;fp rhd; kw;Wk; [g;ghdpa ebfH jlNdhG mrNdh MfpNahH fsupg;gaw;W gapw;rp ngw;w gpugyq;fs; kj;jpapy; cs;sdH. vdNt fsupg;gaw;Wf;F kupahij kw;Wk; Gfo; fpilj;jjhfj; njupfpwJ vd;W nrhy;y KbahJ. kPdhl;rpak;kh FUf;fs; Nghd;w fsupg;gaw;W KJepiyahsHfs;> nrg;Lthn[dhupad; jw;fhg;Gf; fiy epGzH MfpNahupd; gq;fspg;ghy; fsupg;gaw;wpd; vjpHfhyk; gpufhrkhfj; njupfpwJ. ,e;j ,ilf;fhyj; jw;fhg;Gf; fiy tbtj;jpd; tsHe;J tUk; Gfio khefuthrpfSf;F ,jpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s MHtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; mstplyhk jw;NghJ ,e;jf; fsupg;gaw;W ghlrhiyfspYk; fy;tp epWtdq;fspYk; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. nefpo;jd;ik> typik> NehnajpHg;Gr;rf;jp> xl;Lnkhj;j MNuhf;fpak; Mfpatw;iw mjpfupg;gjd; %yk; xUtUf;fhd NeHj;jpia vl;l cjTtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;> ,ij xOq;FKiwahfg; gapw;rp nra;tjhy; cly; tPupaKk; ,af;fhw;wYk; rpwg;ghfpd;wd> mNj rkak; ,J xUtUk; ftdk;> nghWik> Ra xOf;fk;> Ra tpopg;GzHT Mfpatw;iwAk; Kd;Ndw;WfpwJ.

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

fsup mtuJ fztH uhftd; MrpupaUld;; NrHe;jjw;Fg; gpd;dhy; xU Rthurpakhd fij cs;sJ. Nky;rhjpapdupd; ghugl;rj;jhy; voth r%fj;ijr; rhHe;j uhftDf;F xU cs;ehl;Lf; fsupf;F mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;lJ. mjdhy;> mtH ,ijg; gapy;tjw;Fr; Nru tpUk;Gk; midtUf;Fkhf 1949,y; jdJ nrhe;jg; ghlrhiyia mikj;jhH. ruhrupahf> Xuhz;bw;F 60 epfo;r;rpfis; kPdhl;rpak;kh nra;jhH> NkYk; mtUila ikaj;jpYs;s khztHfspy; %d;wpy; xU gq;F ngz;fs; vd;w cz;ik ngUikf;FupaJ. Rthu];akhf> mtuJ khztHfs; mkHtpd; Kbtpy; FUjl;rizahf vd;d toq;Ffpd;wdNuh mijj; jtpu mtUf;Fj; njupe;j tpjj;jpy; ve;jf; fl;lzj;ijAk; t#ypf;f kw;Wk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy.

n

47

n

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

Gifg;glk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

n

48

n

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

gpuQ;R

,izg;G

re;jd;efupd; Kd;dhs; gpuQ;R fhydpf;F Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gazk; MdJ mw;Gjkhd fhydpj;Jtf; fl;likg;G kw;Wk; Mlk;gukhd Vuhsf; fzf;fhd mUq;fhl;rpafq;fs; %yk; ghHitahsHfis tuNtw;fpwJ ciu; |

ghHj;jh KfH[P kw;Wk; gpupaq;fh KfH[P

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

n

49

n

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

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`up`H Nrj;jplkpUe;J fpilj;j xU gpuQ; ehl;bdH ,e;jpahit tpl;L ePz;l gupR> jpNal;lH kz;lgk; kw;Wk; xU E} fhyj;jpw;F Kd;Ng nrd;Wtpl;ldH> vdpDk; yfkhd epUj;jpa Nfhghy; ];kpUjp mtHfs; gy ,lq;fspy; Kj;jpiuia tpl;L ke;jpH MdJ efuj;jpd; fyhr;rhu nrd;Ws;sdH> mJ fhyj;jpw;Fk; epw;fpwJ. ghuk;gupaj;ijj; jhq;fpAs;sJ. 1875 ,y; ee;jyhy; jh];]hy; epWtg;gl;l efuj;jpd; Mz;L tpohthd [fjj;up jh]; Ngf;fup> mtw;Ws; xd;whFk;. g+i[apd; NghJ ePq;fs; gpuQ;R Rw;Wyh gazpfs; re;jd;efupw;F tUif re;jd;efUf;F vg;Nghnjy;yhk; je;jpUe;jhy;> tho;f;ifapd; tUif jUfpwhHfNsh> gpuQ;R ehl;ltH nfhz;lhl;lk; vd;dntd;W mg;NghJ mtHfs; ,q;fpUe;J GupAk;. xspapd; mg;gq;fs; thq;fpr; nry;tH. ,e;jpahit tpl;Lr; fl;blf;fiyapd; kdk; ftUk; ePq;fs; re;jd;efH ghijfspy; nrd;Wtpl;lhYk;; fhl;rp cq;fis Ngr;rw;W elf;ifapy;> ^g;nyf;]; fhyj;ijj; epw;fr; nra;Ak;. Mdhy; xU irf;fps;];> tp]; m tp]; jhz;b Vuhskhd mwpf;if kl;Lk; cq;fs; ];lhf;fp];l;> yh Nthf;> ghd; ,lq;fspy; xU cjLfis tpl;L ntspNa mkp kw;Wk; yh nkbrpd; tUk;: re;jd;efupd; jw;Nghija Nghd;w gpuQ;R ngaHfisf; Kj;jpiuia ngaH N[ha; b ittpH! fz;L; Mr;rupakilayhk;. tpl;Lnrd;Ws;sdH efUf;F mUfpYs;s re;jH epWtdk; my;yJ Mw;wpd; gpiw tbtj;ij gpuQ;R epWtdk;> gy epidf;Fk; NghJ> mJNt ngaUf;F Mz;Lfshf xU fyhr;rhu ghykhf gq;fspj;jjhf FO epidf;fpwJ. ngq;fhypy;> nray;gl;lJ. gpuQ;R nkhopj; Jiw re;j; vd;gJ epyT kw;Wk; efH vd;gJ jtpu> epWtdk; xU E}yfk; kw;Wk; xU efuk;)> kw;wtHfs; ngaH re;jdpy; mUq;fhl;rpafj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. (re;jdj;jpypUe;J) ,Ue;J a+fpf;fpd;wdH. N[hrg; /g;uhd;Nfh]; ^g;nyf;]; re;jHefH rhe;jp Njtpapd; Gdpj Njthyaj;jpypUe;J ftHduhf ,Ue;j NghJ 1731 kw;Wk; cUthd ngaupd;; Njhw;Wtha;fs; cs;sd.

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NkNy: re;jd;efupy; Nuhkd; fj;Njhypf;f Njthyak;

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

jkpo;ehl;by; jpUney;Ntypapy; nerthsh; xUth; kuj;jhyhd ifj;jwp xd;iw gad;gLj;jp ghuk;ghpa Glitia nea;fpwhh;.

jdpj;jd;ikahdJ nfltpy;iy. mNjrkak; mjpf vz;zpf;if nfhz;l ifj;jwp nerthsH ghuk;ghpa gUj;jp> gl;L> rzy; kw;Wk; fk;gsp $l;LwT rq;fkhdJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd E}y;fis gad;gLj;jp ehfhPf nraw;if fpuhkg; ngz;fSf;F tha;g;gspg;Gfs; %yk; ,iofis ,tw;Wld; ,izj;J mtHfSf;Fk; mtHfsJ FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; cjtp nerT nra;fpd;wdH. Mdhy; nra;fpwJ. ,e;jpa ifj;jwp ,e;j khw;wq;fs; ifj;jwpapd; ve;j njhopy;El;g ];jhgdkhdJ ngUik> NeHj;jp kw;Wk; vjpHkiwahd mLj;j jiyKiwahdJ Kf;fpatj;ij Fiwj;J tpltpy;iy. nerTj;njhopiy Vw;W myq;fhpf;fg;gl;l gUj;jp kw;Wk; Rw;Wg;Gw jhf;fk; njhlHr;rpahf elj;jTk;> ghuk;ghpa gl;Lj;Jzpfs; cyf mstpy; te;jhYk; Kiwapy; nerT nra;aTk; 500 ngUksT tpUk;gg;gLfpd;wd. ifj;jwpahdJ rpwg;G gapw;rpahsHfis epakpj;J ,e;jpahtpy; ifahy; nea;ag;gl;l rpwpa gapw;rp mspj;J tUfpwJ. NkYk;> 50 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd ifj;jwpahdJ xU rpwa fhh;gd; gLf;if tphpg;G> Nki[ tphpg;G> mbr;RtLld; mbr;RtL %yk; njhlHe;J mLg;giw Jzp> jpiur;rPiyfs;> njhlHe;J epiyj;jpUf;ff; $bajhFk;. jiyaiz ciw Vw;Wkjp epiyj;J nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. ,itaidj;jpYk; epw;fpwJ. vjpHfhyk;: 'ifj;jwpr; rpd;dk;" ,e;jpa nerthsHfs; Gjpa Kj;jpiuaplg;gLfpwJ. Kj;jpiuAld; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l FwpaPLfs;> ifj;jwpapy; gadPl;lhsHfspd; Njitf;F Vw;g ,Ue;J te;jjw;fhd Fwpf;Nfhs; Nghd;wit khw;wpaikf;Fk; jpwd;> cz;ikahd fiy jdpg;gl;l re;ijia cUthf;fpAs;sd. ,e;j kw;Wk; iftz;z Kaw;rp> gy Gjpa juKj;jpiu tpUg;gj;Jld; cUthf;fg;gl;l tbtikg;Gfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w nghUspd; juk; gw;wpa ek;gpf;ifapy; jpwd;fisg; ngw;Ws;sdH. mtHfSila EfHNthUld; njhlHG nfhs;fpwJ. RUf;fkhff; rpj;jpuf;fiy mwpT> cWjpj;; jd;ik> $wpdhy; ,e;jpa nerthsHfSf;Fk; Fiwe;j Neuj;jpy; cUthf;Fk; jpwd; kw;Wk; fiyQHfSf;Fk; rpwg;ghd vjpHfhyk; cs;sJ.

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rpwpa rpj;jpuq;fspy;

gy kdepiyfs; ,e;jpa rpwpa rpj;jpu Xtpaq;fspd; gupzhk tsHr;rp 17 Mk; E} w;whz;ilnahl;bj; njhlq;fpaJ. rpwpa Xtpaq;fspy; ghurPfg; ghuk;gupaj;ij KfyhaHfs; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa NghJ> Nkw;fj;jpa nry;thf;if K];yk P ; murHfSf;Ff; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;lyhk; ciu; | G+dk; Nfhay

,e;j tUlj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy;> GJby;ypapy; 11 Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,e;jpahtpd; ,e;jpaf; fiy fz;fhl;rpapy;> gy fiy fpof;Fg; ghyh Ml;rpapd; NghJ ngsj;j kj ty;YeHfspd; ftdj;ij <Hj;jJ vJntd;why; tpsf;fg;glq;fs;; tbtpy; gid ,iyfs; kw;Wk; gpr;tha; Xtpaq;fSf;F xU jdpg; gpupT fhfpjj;jpy; Ke;ija rpwpa rpj;jpuq;fs; ,Ue;jd> ,Ue;jikjhd;. gpr;tha; ghuk;gupaj;jhy; 12 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; NghJ> Nkw;F ,e;jpahtpy; epWtg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; mjw;F mg;ghy; xU Gj;jkj ciufs;. rkfhy fiy epfo;tpy; xU ghuk;gupa rpwpa milahsk; fhzg;gl;l;ld. ghyh gs;sp rpj;jpuf; fiy tbtk; Nky;jsg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gfl;lhd tbtq;fs;> tYthd J}a epwq;fs;> ,e;jpahtpYk; ntspehLfspYk; ,e;jpa tpupthd myq;fhuk; kw;Wk; tpupthf;fg;gl;l rpwpa rpj;jpuq;fspd; Mjp me;jk; ,y;yhik fz;fSs;s Xtpaq;fis; typAWj;jpaJ. kw;Wk; mjd; ngUfptUk; Nrfupg;ghsH gw;wpa ghyh fiy 13 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Kjy; njhFjpfisf; $WfpwJ. ghjpapy; K];yPk;fspd; iffspy; uh[];jhdpd; cja;g+H mUNf ehL nrd;wNghJ ngsj;j ehj;thuh fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s mjd; klq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;l NghJ mJ 16 Mk; E} %yq;fs; %yk;> ,e;jr; rpwpa kiwe;Jtpl;lJ. vdpDk;> w;whz;bd; rpj;jpuf; fiy tbtk; fpU\;zH xU rpy Jwtpfs; kw;Wk; eLg;gFjpapy; Nfhapy; rpiyf;F xU myq;fhug; fiyQHfs; capHjg;gp NeghYf;F ,Ue;jJ> rpwpa gpd;dzpahf cUthdJ. vdpDk;> Xbg;NghapdH> mtHfs; mq;F gpr;tha; rpwpa rpj;jpuf; fiyapd; ,Uf;Fk; fiy kuGfis rpj;jpuf; fiy mjd; gy tbtq;fspy; xd;whf tYt+l;l cjtpdH. kpf ngupa mstpw;F ,Uf;fpwJ. mJ ,e;jpahtpy; mJ> KfyhaHfs; jioj;Njhq;fpaJ 11 Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,Ue;J tUifAld; ,Ue;jJ> epytp> jioj;Njhq;fpaJ. rpwpa Fwpg;ghf mf;gupd; Ml;rpapd; rpj;jpu Xtpaq;fs; ifahy; NghJ> ePjpkd;wf; fhl;rpfs;> nra;ag;gl;lit kw;Wk; tz;zkakhdit> Xtpaq;fs;> jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fs; rpf;fyhd kw;Wk; El;gkhd J}upif Ntiyiaf; kPJ ftdj;Jld; rpwpa rpj;jpuf; fiy mjd; nfhz;L tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;. epwq;fs; kpf ngupa mstpw;F jioj;Njhq;fpaJ. ,J fdpkq;fs;> fha;fwpfs;> tpiyAaHe;j fw;fs;> mtH Ml;rpapd; fPo; ,Ue;jJ> mJ ghurPf ,z;bNfh> rq;F> jq;fk; kw;Wk; nts;sp Mjpf;fq;fs; rpwpa rpj;jpu fiyf;F efHe;J Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpr; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd> nry;y njhlq;fpaJ. gNjg+H rpf;upapy;> mf;gH mtw;wpd; cs;slf;fKk; elg;Gk; KfyhaHfs;> kPH iraj; myp kw;Wk; mg;J]; rkj; Nghd;w uh[Gj;jpuHfs;> gfhup]; kw;Wk; nlf;fhd; vd ,uz;L ghurPf KJepiy fiyQHfspd; xt;nthUtH fhyj;jpYkpUe;j ghlrhiyfspy; Nkw;ghHitapd; fPo; xU fiyQdpd; gzpkid khw;wj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sd. epWtg;gl;lJ. F[uhj;> FthypaH kw;Wk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s xU mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy; xU rpwpa rpj;jpu Xtpak; fhl;rpf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ@ tyJ: cja;g+upd; xU njUtpy; rpwpa rpj;jpu Xtpak;

fh\;kPupy; ,Ue;J te;j ,e;J kjf; fiyQHfs; xd;whf Ntiy nra;jdH> NkYk; fiyapd; ,e;j ,U Nghf;Ffs; rpwpa rpj;jpu Xtpaq;fSf;fhd Kfyhag; gs;spia cUthf;fpaJ. JzpTs;s> Gj;jprhypj;jdkhf epwq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;if kPjhd xU Nkk;gl;l ftdk; ,e;jg; gs;spapd; gpujhdkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j xU gpugykhd Ntiy `k;rh ehkh MFk;. mq;Fs;s fl;llf;fiy ,e;NjhghurPfj;ijr; NrHe;jJ> kuq;fs; jf;fhz Xtpaj;jpy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;ld kw;Wk; ngz;fs; tbtq;fs; Ke;ija uh[];jhdpa Xtpaq;fisr; NrHe;jit. mf;gupd; thuprhd> [`hq;fpH ePjpkd;wf; fhl;rpfs;> Ntl;ilf;fsg; gazq;fs; kw;Wk; rpj;jupf;fg;gl;l Ntiyfisr; NrHj;Jf;nfhz;lhH. gpd;dH> INuhg;gpa Xtpaq;fspd; jhf;fj;NjhL ,izf;fg;gl;l me;jg; ghzp Kfyha ePjpkd;wq;fSf;F te;jile;J kw;Wk; epoy; kw;Wk; Kd;Ndhf;F Nghd;w Nkw;fj;jpa El;gq;fs; rpytw;iwr; NrHj;Jf;nfhz;lJ. Kfyha Xtpaq;fs; Nghyy;yhky; kj;jpa ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;j Kjd;ikahd kjr;rhHgw;w> rpwpa rpj;jpuf; fiy tbtk; uh[Gj; (uh[];jhd;) kw;Wk; g`hup (gQ;rhg;) ,uz;Lk; ,e;jpa ,jpfhrq;fs;> kj Guhzq;fs;> fhjypd; kdepiyfs; kw;Wk; khWk; gUtq;fspypUe;J cj;Ntfk; ngw;Wtpl;lJ. Mokhf ,e;jpa kuGfspy; Nt&d;wp ,Ue;jJ. uh[];jhdpag; gs;spahdJ kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpy; jhl;bah kw;Wk; XHr;rh njd;fpof;F uh[];jhdpy; Nfhl;lh kw;Wk; g+e;jp>; Nkw;fpy;

,e;jpa juprdk;

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

rpwpa rpj;jpu Xtpag; gs;spfs;; gyh gs;sp xuprh gs;sp n[apd; gs;sp Kfy; gs;sp

uh[];jhdpag; gs;sp Neghspag; gs;sp

fhfpjj;jpy; Ntl;ilahLk; rpq;fq;fspd; rpwpa rpj;jpu Xtpak;

n[a;rhy;kH kw;Wk; gpfhdPH Mfpatw;iw gRik> ghurPfj;jpd; nkd;ikahd ghliyf; cs;slf;fpaJ. fiyQHfs; fhfpjk;> kuj; fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ. Jz;Lfs;> gspq;Ff;fy;> Jzp kw;Wk; J} jf;fhz fiyapd; xU rkPgj;jpa upiffisg; gad;gLj;jpdH. kpfTk; gpugykhd epfo;r;rpapy;> by;ypapd; Njrpaf; tbtq;fspy; xd;W fp\d;fH gs;sp> ,J fz;fhl;rpafj;jpy;> 16 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; kfhuh[h rke;j; rpq;fhy; epWtg;gl;L> gpw;gFjpapy; uhfkhyh Xtpaq;fs; Mjupf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jg; gs;sp NrHf;fg;gl;Ls;sd> mJ rpwpa cs;ehl;L ,l mikg;G Xtpaf; fiyapd; xU NeHj;jpahd (cjhuzkhf jhuhskhf kh kw;Wk; rpf;fyhd ifahSjiyr; fhfpjk;> kuj; kuq;fs; ,Ug;gjhfr; rpj;jupf;fg;gl;l rpj;jupj;Js;sJ. Kfyha N[hj;g+upd; Xtpaq;fs;)> ngz;fspd; ,uhZtj;jpd; uh[];jhdpar; Jz;Lfs;> moF> Fwpg;ghf fpU\;zyPyh rpw;gq;fs; uh[;Gj; jsgjpfshy; gspq;Ff;fy; kw;Wk; ,ir uhfq;fs; nfhz;L tug;gl;ljpd; tpisthf kw;Wk; Jzp Mfpatw;why; J}z;lg;gl;lJ. ghzp myq;fhug;gLj;jg;gl;lJ> kw;Wk; J} Kfyha fhyk; Kd;G xspUk; tbtq;fSld; nlf;fhdpa rpwpa rpw;gq;fspd; ntbg;gJ kw;Wk; upiffs; Nghd;w gy gjpTfs; ,y;iy vd;whYk;> nlf;fhdpy; nghUl;fis khy;th tlf;F kuGfs; kw;Wk; fyg;gpdf; fhl;rpg; fiyQHfs; tp[aefu RtNuhtpaq;fs; njw;F g+f;fisf; fhl;baJ. Kf;fpakhf kuGfs; ,uz;bd; Muk;g jf;fhz g`hup gs;sp gad;gLj;jpdH Xtpaq;fs; xU Fwpg;gplj;jf;f kj;jpapy;> gN\hyp> nry;thf;iff; fhl;LfpwJ. fHthy; kw;Wk; fhq;f;uh mtHfsJ jdpj;Jtkhd Gtpapay; kpfTk; gpugykhdit> milahsj;jpd; fhuzkhf> mfkJefH> VO epwq;fs; kw;Wk; mofhd gp[g;g+H> Nfhy;nfhz;lh kw;Wk; i`juhghj; kf;fisg; gad;gLj;j jdpj;Jtkhf gpufhuq;fspy; gy;NtW fiyf; $Wfs; kw;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ. gPfhupy; kpjpyh gFjpapd; jhf;fq;fspd; fyitia Mjupf;fpwJ> NkYk; kJghdp kw;Wk; xbrhtpd; glhrpj;jpuh INuhg;gpaf; fiyapd; MHg;ghl;lkpy;yhj; J} MfpaitAk; fhyr;; Nrhjidapy; upif NtiyAldhd nlf;fhdpd; KO cly; gpioj;Js;sd.

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

iftpid

Nfhyj;ij cgNahfpj;J topfhl;Lfpd;w

kq;fsfuk;

xU Gdpj rlq;fhf epfo;jj ; g;gLfpd;w Nfhyq;fs; Gdpjk; kw;Wk; Gdpjj; jd;ik vdf; fUjg;gLk; ,lq;fspy; ngz;fshy; tiuag;gLfpd;wd ciu; |

gpupNuhdh ghR;

kq;fsk; kw;Wk; mz;lj;jpd; njhlHr;rpiaj; jd;Ds;Ns mlf;fp tpupthd tbtpay; tbtq;fs; njd;dpe;jpa tPLfspd; thrypy; tbtikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Fwpg;ghf jkpo;ehl;by; gutyhf gapw;rp ngw;w tof;fkhd Nfhyq;fs;> ed;whfg; nghbahf;fg;gl;l muprp khT my;yJ Rz;zhk;Gf; fl;bapd; vr;rj;ijg; ghtpj;J ms;sp toq;Fk;> nrOikapd; nja;tkhd yl;Rkpia tPl;bw;Fs;

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tuNtw;Fk; tz;zk; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Nfhyj;jhy; jpdrup ,Ug;gpd; jhs Kiwfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jp; thriy myq;fupf;fpd;w Kiwapy; mij Rw;wp xU Gdpjkhd Njhw;wg;ghl;ilg; ngWfpwJ. ngz;fshy; xU Gdpj rlq;fhf epfo;j;jg;gLk; Nfhyk;; Gdpjk; kw;Wk; Gdpjj; jd;ik tha;e;j Nfhapy;fs;> gpuhHj;jid miwfs;> gy;NtW ,e;J kjj; nja;tq;fs;; kw;Wk; ngz;

nja;tq;fspd; gypgPlq;fs; kw;Wk; tzpf mYtyfq;fs; kw;Wk; rhj;jpakhd midj;J njhopy; epWtdq;fspYk; ey;y mjpH\;lj;ij tsHf;Fk;; ek;gpf;ifapy; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

fspg;NghL $b tho;tjd; mofpay; uPjpahd gpujpepjpj;Jtk;

jkpo; ,yf;fpa E}y;fs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs;> Nfhyq;fspd;; gad;ghl;bd;; rupahd Kiwia tpupthf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd> Nfhyq;fs; tiujypd; tof;fk; ek;ik 16 Mk; E}w;whz;bw;F ,Oj;Jr; nry;fpwJ. Jy;ypakhf Nfhyq;fis cUthf;f> Fwpg;ghd tupirapy; rPuhd Nkw;gug;gpy; Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghuk;gupakhf> muprp kh> Rz;zhk;Gj; J}s;> kyHfs; kw;Wk; nghq;fy; nfhz;lhl;lq;fspd; NghJ jahupf;fg;gLk; Nfhyk; ,jo;fs; Mfpait tbtikg;Gfis cUthf;f gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld> Mdhy; muprp khtpd; jd;ik kw;Wk; ,jo;fspd; Fiwe;j vilAs;s Nfhyk; MdJ me;j ehs; mspf;fpwJ> ,jdhy; tPl;bw;Fs; fope;J nry;ifapy; kiwe;J tsk; nropg;gjhf xU NghfpwJ> ngUk;ghyhd ek;gpf;if.

FLk;gq;fspy; Nfhyq;fspd;; Nfhyq;fspd; tbtq;fs; njhlHe;J ,Ug;G Nfhyk;; kw;Wk; Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gLk;.

FLk;gj;jpd; tho;f;ifr; Row;rpfs; etPd njhopy;El;gj;jpd; ,e;jf; Nfhyq;fspd; tbtq;fs; xl;Lnkhj;j tUif kw;Wk; trjpapd; kw;Wk; gupkhz tpupthf;fj;jpd; mtrpak; ,g;NghJ Rz;zhk;Gf; eyDf;Fk; xU mjpfupg;G FLk;gj;jpy; xU Fr;rpfs; kw;Wk; gpufhrkhd fhl;bahfg; gpwg;G my;yJ xU jpUkz nraw;ifr; rhaq;fspd;; gzpahw;WfpwJ cld;ghLfs; Nghd;w NrHf;if Cf;Ftpj;Js;sJ> kq;fsfukhd re;jHg;gq;fspd; mNjhL Nfhyk; mope;J tUifiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ> NghtjpypUe;J mijg; mNjrkak; mit ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ghJfhf;fpwJ. xU rhakhf muprp mr;RWj;jyhf fUjg;gLfpwJ Vnddpy; khit gad;gLj;jf; fhuzk; g+r;rpfs;> mJ FLk;gj;jpy; JujpH\;lk; tug;NghFk;; gwitfs; kw;Wk; vypfs; Nghd;w mkq;fsj;jpd; FwpaPlhFk;. Nfhyj;jpd; Fiwe;j tho;ehSs;s capupdq;fSf;F ,Ug;G my;yJ ,y;yhik> vdNt> mit ,aw;ifahf Cl;lj;jpw;fhd xU FLk;gj;jpd; eyidg; gw;wpa xU %ykhf cUkhWfpd;wd vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j capupdq;fis tuNtw;gJ> tho;thjhuj;jpd; fhl;bahfg; gzpahw;WfpwJ kw;Wk; ,ijnahl;b> KOr; r%fj;jpd; xl;Lnkhj;j xU tbtk;> mtw;Wf;F toq;Fjy; yl;Rkp kdepiyapy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;JfpwJ. nja;tj;ij kdKUfp Ntz;Lk; jpUg;jpia nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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iftpid

Rthu];akhd cz;ik; Nfhyq;fs; g+kp khjhTf;F xU gpuhHj;jid. ,J xU fbdkhd Nfj;jpufzpj khjpupia cs;slf;Fk;> mjhtJ gyKiw jpUk;g jpUk;g tUk; tbtq;fs;> NfhLfs;> Gs;spfs; kw;Wk; rk rJuq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; Rw;Wfs;> Kf;Nfhzq;fs;> rq;F> jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; kyHfs; Mfpatw;iwAk; nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gLk;> ,it rpf;fyhd topfspy; xd;wpizf;fg;gLfpd;wd. xU tupapy; xU ,ilntsp Njhd;WfpwJ vd;why;> jPa

,e;j topapy;> Nfhyq;fspd; Gdpj tbtpay; kbg;Gfs; ,e;jj; njd;dpe;jpar; r%fq;fspy; md;whl tho;f;ifAld; ,irthf ,ize;J ntw;wpngw;Ws;sjhfj; Njhd;WfpwJ.

ehl;Lg;Gwf; fiyAld; xd;wpizAk; fzpjk;

Nfhyq;fspy; ,uz;L tiffs; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd- KjyhtJ> tupf; Nfhyk; NjHT nra;ag;gl;l Nkw;gug;G gFjp kPJ fl;il tpuy; kw;Wk; Ml;;fhl;b tpuy; ,ilNa Nfhy khitj; Nja;g;gjd; %yk; Neubahd Xtpak;> kw;iwaJ Gs;spf;

jkpo;ehl;by; nghq;fy; gz;bifapd; NghJs;s Nfhyq;fs;

,e;jpa juprdk;

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Mtpfs; tPl;by; Eioa tha;g;Gs;sJ vd;W $Wfpd;wdH. Nfhyq;fspd; fzpjg; gz;Gfs; fzpdp mwptpay; Jiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

Nfhyk;; tiujYf;fhd newpKiwfs; glk; tiuAk; fzpdp nkd;nghUs; tsHr;rpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

Nfhyq;fs; fzf;fPl;L khDltpay; Muha;r;rpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

NkYk;> Nfhyq;fs; rpf;fyhd Gujf; fl;likg;Gfspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij vspjpy; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sTk; $l gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

Nfhyk;>; jiuapy; Gs;spfs; tiue;J NeHf;NfhLfs;> Roy;fs; kw;Wk; tisTfisf;; nfhz;L me;jg; Gs;spfisr; NrHj;J ,izj;jy;;> mjd; %yk; rq;fpyp khjpup cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. ehl;Lg;Gwf; fiyahdJ> tbtj;jpy; vjpHkiw Mw;wy; Eiotijj; jLf;f Nfhyq;fspd; tupfis ,Wjpapy; %lNtz;Lnkdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. nja;tPf cWg;Gfs;> jj;Jtk;> kj ek;gpf;iffs;> N[hjplk;> ,aw;if mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; RUf;f vz;zq;fspy; ,Ue;J Nfhy tbtq;fs; jhf;fk; ngw;Ws;sd. gwitfs;

NkNy: fghyP];tuu; Nfhtpypy; ngz;fs; Nfhyk; NghLfpd;wdu. xU fiyQH Nfhyj;jpy;; ,Wjpg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;fpwhH

kw;Wk; kpUfq;fspd; glq;fs; Nfhyq;fspd; kPJ tof;fkhf tiuag;gLfpd;wd> ,t;thwhd Nfhyq;fs; kdpjDf;Fk; tpyq;FfSf;Fk; ,ilNa cyfshtpa ey;ypzf;fk; kw;Wk; rkhjhd rftho;itg; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

Nfhyq;fis cUthf;Fk; nray;Kiw cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s vz;zw;w fzpdp tpQ;Qhdpfs; kw;Wk; fzpjHfis Ml;nfhs;fpwJ> NkYk; NfhLfs; kw;Wk; Gs;spfspd; mzpiar; Rw;wp tbtq;fis mikf;Fk; ,jd; gapw;rpahdJ KbTs;s mzp> tof;fkhd mzp kw;Wk; #oy; mw;w tof;fkhd tupirf; Nfhyk; Nghd;w %d;W mikg;Gfspd; milahsg;gLj;jYf;F toptFf;Fk; gy;NtW Ma;Tfisj; J}z;baJ.

ghuk;gupaj;ijg;; ghJfhj;jy;

xU jiyKiwapy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhU jiyKiwf;F Nfhyk; NghLk; fiyiaf; flj;JtJ ,e;j kugpd; nghWg;ghsHfshd tPl;Lg; ngz;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. nrwpT> xOf;fk;> espdk;> Njhw;wk; kw;Wk; ifj;jpwk; Mfpait Njitg;gLk; jpwikahd ,e;jf; Nfhyk; MdJ mbf;fb ngz;ikapd; fUizia msf;Fk; xU fUtpahfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,e;jg; gz;ila fhyf; fiyia Cf;Ftpf;f kw;Wk; kwe;J kwg;gjpypUe;J jLf;f> gy;NtW epWtdq;fs;> khHfop khjj;jpy; Nfhyk;; tiujy; Nghl;bfs; elj;jf; ifNfhHf;fpd;wd. mJ brk;gH kw;Wk; [dtup ,ilNa elf;Fk;. NjHTnra;j jiuapy; jq;fs; tiuglq;fis njhlq;Fk; Kd; fhfpjj;jpy; jq;fs; fUf;fis

tiue;J goFtjd; %yk; ,e;jg; Nghl;bfspy; ngz;fs; jq;fisj; jahH nra;fpd;wdH. Ntl;ghsHfs; gue;j rpf;fyhd tbtq;fis> Xtpaj;ijf; nfhz;LtUtjd; %yk; msg;gupa ngUik nfhs;fpd;wdH> ,J ngUk;ghYk; njU KOtJk; gutpapUf;Fk;> epyj;jpy; ,Ue;J jq;fs; iffis J}f;fhky; my;yJ tbtq;fisj; Jy;ypakhf tiutjw;F Kd; epd;Wnfhz;;L xU ,ilntsp vLj;Jf;nfhs;tH. MNuhf;fpakhd Nghl;bfs; kw;Wk; ftHr;rpfukhd gupRfisr; rYiffshf toq;FtJ njd;dpe;jpar; r%fq;fspy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpwJ mtHfs; ,e;jg; gioafhy thbf;ifahd tho;thjhuj;ij cWjp nra;fpwhHfs; kw;Wk; tpiuthd efukakhf;fy; fhuzkhf ,e;jg; gz;ila fyhr;rhu kuGfs; mope;JNghFk; mghaj;ij mfw;w KidfpwhHfs;.

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Channel MEA india

w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

gazk;

Kuz;ghl;L

nrhh;f;fk;

goikahd kw;Wk; etPdkhd> ehfhpfkhd kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpakpf;f> ,aw;ifahd kw;Wk; nraw;ifahd> fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; ,d;Dk; kiwthd vd midj;J mk;rq;fisAk; Nfhth ngw;Ws;sJ. ,Jjhd; cq;fis ,q;F ,Of;fpwJ! ciu; |

Urpyh Fy;fh;dp;

Nfhth: ,e;j thh;j;ijNa fly;> miy kw;Wk; R+hpadpd; cUtq;fis epidT+l;LfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,J xU tYthd Kuz;ghl;L czh;itNa nfhz;bUf;fpwJ xUGwk;> ahh; ahNuhLk; ,iur;ryhd - hPq;fhukhd tpUe;J nrhh;f;fj;ij fhz;gpj;j NghjpYk;> kWGwj;jpy; mJ uj;jpd flw;fiufs; kw;Wk; jPz;lg;glhj kha fhLfshy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. midtUf;Fk; vijahtJ itj;jpUf;Fk; Nfhth gpuhahzpfspd; ,Ujaj;ij %o;fbf;f fhj;jpUf;Fk; kpjkhd NghijahFk;. ,e;j czh;it Ntnwq;Fk; ePq;fs; vspjpy; ngw;Wtpl KbahJ!

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njw;fpw;F gazpAq;fs;!

kpd;Dk; kzy; kw;Wk; ifapy; xU Gj;Jzh;r;rp ghdj;Jld; Nfhthtpd; njw;FfhdJ MRthrkhd Nfhthdpa tho;f;ifapd; EiothapyhFk;. ,J jdpikapy; Rw;w Gfyplk; NjLk; efh;g;Gw tho;tpy; Nrhh;Tw;wpUf;Fk; gazpfSf;fhd xd;whFk;. gue;j gNyhyk; flw;fiuapy; cyhTtJ cq;fs; kdij nkd;ikahd R+hpaDld; miya itf;fpwJ! xt;nthU rpjwYk; jq;f kzYk; cq;fs; ghjq;fis nfhQ;Rk; NghJ Gj;Jzh;r;rpahd fly; njspg;G cq;fs; cly;> kdk; kw;Wk; Md;khNthL ciuahLtJ Nghy Njhd;WfpwJ.

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

gazk;

R+hpad; kiwe;j gpwF ifahy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l epidTg; nghUl;fis thq;ff;; $ba muk;ghypy; cs;s gpNs re;ij

njw;fhdJ ,aw;ifapd; kbapy; NfhbNfh tdtpyq;F ruzhyak; xU tho;f;if rj;jj;ij tpl;L tpyfpa ,ufrpa ey;y ,aw;ifahd GfyplkhFk;. ,e;j GfyplkhFk;. rhfr Mh;tj;ij fl;ltpo;f;f gRikahd mlh;e;j kw;Wk; CLUt ,ayhj kw;Wk; rpy ml;hpdypd; njhFjpia ngw> fhLfs; tdhe;juj;ij rhl;rpapLfpd;wd. rpy Jj;rhfh; ePh;tPo;r;rpf;F xUehs; Rw;Wg;gazk; Nfs;tpg;glhj fhl;rpfisAk;> khd;> Fuq;Ffs;> Nkw;nfhs;Sq;fs;. gNyhykpypUe;J Rkhh; 70 gwitfs; kw;Wk; rpWj;ijapd; rj;jj;ij fp.kP. njhiytpy;> xU thfdk; Nfl;gjw;fhfTk; Nghlg;gl;l cq;fis gRikahd Nkw;F fhl;Lj; jlq;fs; kw;Wk; fhl;rpf; njhlh;r;rp kiy topahf td NfhGuq;fs; rpwg;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wd!

Nkw;F njhlh;rr ; p [Ptuhrpfis fle;J vLj;Jr; gr;irepw gRikahd kiy rh;tNjr nry;fpwJ! 600 kP ePh;tPo;r;rp fhl;rpfSk; Nghpd;g ePyepwf; mstpy; thdj;jpypUe;J Neuhf ,wq;FtJ fhl;rpfSk; ftdj;ij gpufldk; Nghy; Njhd;WfpwJ - ghy; <h;f;fpd;wd. ,J jz;zPiu nts;is [Ptdspf;Fk; jz;zPh; Nerpg;gth;fSf;F tpUk;gj;jf;f nra;agg;ll ; nkd;ikahd %Lgdpapdhy; xd;whFk; Vndd;why; jz;zPhpy; gy;Yaphp cq;fis R+o;e;J nfhz;L gy;b mbj;jy; ePz;l J}uj;jpy; ];jyq;fspy; fPNo tpOfpwJ! xU ,y;iy! NfhthtpypUe;J 220 fp.kP xd;whFk; cs;Sh; topfhl;bAld; kio njw;Nf mike;Js;s Nej;uhzp fpuhkq;fs; topahf xU kiyg; njs;sj; njspthd ePiu nfhz;l gazk; Nkw;nfhs;sTk;. xU fly; nrhh;f;fkhFk;! ]$gh njw;F Nfhth fhl;L gpuhahzg; fpaUld; mw;G fhl;rpfis xd;W my;yJ gFjpahFk;> Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiy ,uz;L ehl;fSf;F Rw;Wyh nra;aJ rh;tNjr mstpy; gpufldk; nra;agg;l;l mDgtpf;fyhk;. gy;Yaphp ];jyq;fspy; xd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ! kPz;Lk; Nfhth kz;zpw;F te;jgpd; gNyhykpypUe;J 9 fp.kP. njhiytpYs;s mikjpahd ,lj;jpid ,d;gkhf

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Map not to scale

Goa

flw;fiu efuj;jpw;F nry;Yjy;; vt;thW nry;tJ Mfha khh;f;fk;: jNghypk; tpkhdepiyak; khepy jiyefh; gdh[pk;apypUe;J 29 fpkP njhiytpy; cs;sJ. nrd;id> Kk;ig> GJ by;yp> i`juhghj;> nfhr;rp kw;Wk; ngq;fShh; Nghd;w efuq;fspypUe;J jpdrhp tpkhdq;fs; ,af;fg;gLfpd;wd. uapy; khh;f;fk;: kfNjhd; kw;Wk; jptpk; NfhthtpYs;s ,uz;L Kf;fpakhd uapy; epiyaq;fshFk;> ,J ,e;jpah KOtJKs;s ,uapy;fis ed;F ,izf;fpd;wd. rhiy khh;f;fk;: ntsp efuq;fSf;Fk; efuj;jpw;Fs;Sk; Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpaspf;Fk; gy nghJ kw;Wk; jdpahh; NgUe;Jfs; Nfhthtpy; ,aq;Ffpd;wd.

NkNy: Foe;ij ,NaR grpypf;fh kw;Wk; (NkNy): gazpfSf;F ,uTNeu re;ijfs; xU Kf;fpa <h;g;ghFk;

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

gazk;

Nfhth ypl;by; tNfhjhh; flw;fiuapYs;s rptd; ghiw rpw;gk;

mDgtpf;fyhk;. mikjpahd ,lj;jpy; cztUe;Jjy;> nghOJNghf;fpw;fhf mNfhz;lh my;yJ Nfhy;th flw;fiuf;Fr; nry;Yjy; ehspd; cr;r nfhz;lhl;lkhFk;. #hpa m];jkdk;> FspHe;j miyfspd; fPo; kiwtijf; fhZjy; myhjpahdjhFk;. cz;ikahfNt njw;F NfhththdJ kdjpid Gj;JzHr;rpAs;s vOjhj fUk;gyif Nghd;W khw;wpaJld; kWgbAk; GJ mDgtq;fis kWKiwAk; vOj fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

gioa Nfhth: xU fyhr;rhu Mh;g;ghpg;G!

Nfhth fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; ehfhPfj;jpd; xUq;fpizg;ghFk;. nfhq;fzp NghHr;Rf;fPRld; gpize;Js;sJ. ,ij gioa Nfhthtpd; ikaj;jpy; fhzyhk. ghuk;ghpa kpf;f Nfhtpy;fs;> goikahd Njthyaq;fs;> tpe;ijahd khspif Mfpatw;iw Nfhthtpd; jiyefuhd gQ;[pkpy; fz;L fspf;fyhk;.

Mrpahtpy; cs;s xNu ,yj;jPd; FbapUg;G /ghd;l;nld;`h]; MFk;. NghHr;Rf;fy;ypy; ,Ue;J te;j capHg;Gs;s> njspthd epwq;fs;> FWfpa ghijAila njUf;fs;

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Nghd;wit goq;fhyj;ij rhl;rpapLfpd;wd. gugug;ghd cyfpy; mikjpiaj; Njl ,J rhpahd ,lkhFk;. ,k;khFNyl; khjh Njthyaj;jpy; nkOFtHj;jp nghUj;Jjyhk; my;yJ NfhGuj;ij Gifg;glk; vLj;J cq;fs; jpwikfis ntspg;gLj;jyhk;. And];Nfhtpy; cs;s cyf ghuk;ghpa ,lkhd grpypf;fh Myaj;jpy; Gdpj rNthpahhpd; cly; ghlk; nra;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; mike;Js;s tz;zk; kw;Wk; Xtpak; kw;Wk; gPlj;jpYs;s Ntiyg;ghLfSk; fiyQHfSf;F fiy kPJs;s MHtj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. xU tpiuthd kW Rw;Wyh> ghz;lhtpypUe;J 33fp. kP. njhiytpYs;s nfhq;fzp /Nghy;f;Nyhhpy; cs;s rhe;jh JHfh Nfhtpy; nghpa Kfg;Gk;> gpukPL Nghd;w Njhw;wKila \pfuhfk; goq;fhy ,e;jpa-NghHr;Rf;fP]; fyitia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,J tho;tpypUe;J tpyfpapUj;jyhFk;> jdpikapypUe;J tpyfp ,Uj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw ,d;Wk; Nfhthtpy; fhzKbahjJ. xypnaOg;Gk; flw;fiuahd kpuhkUf;F FLk;gq;fs; $l;lkhf tUfpd;wdh;. khz;Nlhtp

,lJ: Gfo;ngw;w Jj;rhfh; ePh;tPo;r;rp kw;Wk; (NkNy): mFlh Nfhl;il

MwhdJ mugpf;flypy; fyf;Fk; ,lj;ij Nfhthtpy; fhzyhk;. kfpo;r;rpapd; cw;rhfk; cy;yhrkhd flw;gpuahzk;. Nfhth kf;fspd; ghly;> eldk; kw;Wk; Rit epiwe;j czTfs; khiyNeuj;jpy; kfo;r;rpahf;FtNjhL kWgbAk; tpj;jpahr Ritf;fhf cq;fis Nfhthtpw;F mioj;Jr; nry;fpwJ.

tlf;fpd; mikjp

Nfhthtpd; cz;ikahd rhuhk;rk; tlf;Ff; flw;fiuahdJ flw;fiu Kj;Jf;fspy; ntspg;gLfpwJ. nrq;Fj;jhd ghiwfs; mtw;wpypUe;J nrq;Fj;jhf tpOk; ePHj;Jspfs; mw;GjkhdjhFk;. mikjpahfTk; caukhfTk; nrq;Fj;jhfTk; vOe;Js;s ghiw ghfhtpypUe;J 10 fp.kP. njhiytpYs;s tflhH flw;fiuapy; cs;sJ. Like tfjhhpypUe;J njw;fpy; 4fp.

INDIAN diplomacy kP mike;Js;sJ kw;Wk; mH[{dh ePh; tpOk; rg;jj;ij Nfl;fyhk;. cq;fsJ mikjpahd jpahdkhdJ rpyrkak; Follow vg;nghOjhtJ Nfl;Fk; @INDIANdiplomacy tpahghhpapd; Fuyhy; cilgLk;. /gpyh re;ijf;F Gjd;fpoik te;jPHfshdhy; mH[{did Neuhfg; ghHf;f KbAk;.

Channel ntspehl;ltH> cs;SHfhuHfs;> INDIAN diplomacy mtHfspd; fiyg;gilg;Gfs;> fhl;rpfs; Nghd;wtw;iw khiyapy; fhzyhk;.

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gazk;

,e;jpa juprdk;

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kaf;Fk;

KUNj\;tuh

fHehlfj;jpd; KUNj\;tuh ,aw;ifapd; ciwtplj;jpYs;s Md;kf P j;jpd; kWtbtk;

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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w w w. i n d i a p e r s p e c t i v e s . i n

gazk;

fd;dpahFkupapy; ,Ue;J Kk;ig Njrpa cyfpd; caukhd 123 mb cauk; nfhz;l neLQ;rhiy 66 ,y; gazk; vg;NghJk; xU rptd; rpiy cq;fis tho;ehs; KOtJk; ,d;gk; mspf;Fk; xU rthyhf cs;sJ. trpag;gLj;Jk;. KUNj\;tuh fhuthyp neLQ;rhiy Nkw;Ff; fiuNahuj;jpy; (flw;fiuapy;) xU gFjpahf cs;sJ ,izahfr; nry;fpwJ> mJ Kk;igia mJ fHehlfhtpy; %d;W khtl;lq;fisf; milAk; tiu gyj;j mugpf; nfhz;Ls;sJ kw;Wk; flYldhd Xl;lk; xU nfhq;fd; flw;fiuapd; njw;F rpwe;j gazkhf ,Ue;J gFjpia cUthf;fpwJ. gpd;dzpahf tUfpwJ. 320 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Nkw;F njhlHr;rp kiyia #upakiwTld; fpkP J}u flw;fiuNahL Nehf;fpAs;s ngupa rptd;> tutpUf;Fk; fHehlfj;jpd; topahf ,aq;Fk; flypd; tho;j;JfSld; neLQ;rhiyapy;> kdpj NrHfpwJ kw;Wk; ,e;j Nfhtpy; cyfpd; mgpyhi\fis vOr;rpa+l;Lk; efuk; KOtJk; tpahgpj;Js;s caukhd 123 gy vz;zpf;ifapyhd Md;kPf xspiag; gug;GfpwJ. mb cau fyhr;rhuq;fs; kw;Wk; efuq;fis KUNj\;tuhtpd; tuyhW rptd; rpiy ,izf;fpwJ. neLQ;rhiyahdJ ,uhkhaz fhtpaj;jpypUe;J cj;ju fd;dl khtl;lj;jpy; gpwf;fpwJ. KUNj];tuhtpd; cs;s KUNf\;tu rpwpa flw;fiu efuj;jpd; ngaH efuj;ij re;jpf;Fk; Gs;spapy; xU mofhd ml;khypq;fhtpy; ,Ue;J (rptd; Md;kh) flw;fiu ntspNa njupfpwJ. ,q;Fs;s fpilj;jJ. mJ ,yq;iff;F vLj;Jr; nry;y rpwg;gk;rk; trPfupf;Fk; #upa m];jdk;>; mJ ,Ue;j muf;fd; ,uhtzdplk; ,Ue;J rptd; rptd; ciwtplj;jpy; cq;fis tuNtw;fpwJ. kfd; tpehafH> %yk; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lJ. gpd;dzpahf #upakiwTld; tutpUf;Fk; rptd; Nfhtpy;> flyhy; #og;gl;l xU

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KUNj\;tuhtpd; tuyhW ,uhkhaz fhtpaj;jpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. KUNj];tuhtpd; flw;fiu efuj;jpd; ngaH ml;khypq;fhtpy; ,Ue;J (rptd; Md;kh) fpilj;jJ mJ ,yq;iff;F vLj;J nry;y ,Ue;j muf;fd; ,uhtzdplk; ,Ue;J rptd; kfd; tpehafH> %yk; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lJ

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gazk;

KUNj\;tuh Nfhtpypd; ,uhl;rj NfhGuk;

KUNj\;tuhTf;Fr; nry;Yjy;; nry;tjw;Fr; rpwe;j Neuk; etk;gH Kjy; gpg;gputup tiu J}uk; KUNj\;tuj;jpypUe;J ngq;fSU 455 fpkP vg;gbr; nrd;wiltJ

tpkhdk; %yk;: 150 fp.kP. njhiytpy; kq;fSH rHtNjr tpkhd epiyak;

,uapy; %yk;: KUNj\;tuh

,uapy; epiyak; kq;fSH

kw;Wk; Kk;igia

,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kq;fSH

Kf;fpa uapy; ghij MFk;>

,e;jpahtpy; cs;s midj;J

Kf;fpa efuq;fSld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rhiy %yk;: jdpahH kw;Wk;

murhq;fk; ,af;Fk; NgUe;Jfs;

Kk;ig> nfhr;rp> ngq;fSU

nry;Yk; KUNj];tH

,izf;fpwJ. NgUe;Jfs;

tof;fkhf ,uz;L efuq;fSf;F

,ilNa kq;fSH topahf

,af;fg;gl;L. ngq;fSU

gFjpapy; gy Kf;fpa efuq;fSld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

rpwpa Fd;whd fLfhd;fpupapy; ,Uf;fpwJ> mjd; mofhd rpw;gq;fs; jpupjhAfhtpw;F ek;ik ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wd. mJ Gdpjkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Guhz tpsf;fq;fspd; gb> NfhfHzhtpy; mij J}f;Fifapy; ,uhtzd; ml;kypq;fhit %bapUe;j Jzpia vwpAk; NghJ xU rptypq;fj;ij fpufpj;Jf;nfhz;Ls;s Nfhtpy; ntbj;jjhf ek;gg;gLfpwJ. epfo;Tfspd; xU rpf;fyhd tupiriaj; njhlHe;J> rptd; jdJ Ie;J Gdpj ,lq;fspy; xd;whf KUNj\;tuh ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mwptpj;jhH. KUNj];tuj;jpy; fly; MdJ ,aw;ifapd; xU cs;shHe;j gFjpahf cs;sJ> kiwKfkhf rptd; rpiy kw;Wk; ,aw;ifia trPfupf;Fk; mDgtq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Nkw;Fj; njhlHr;rpapd; cUSk; kiyfs; epyj;jpw;Fj; nja;tPfj; jd;ikia tptupf;fpd;wd. Gdpj ahj;jpiu my;yJ tpLKiwapy; cs;stHfSf;F> KUNj\;tuh ePUf;fbapy; Ma;T nra;a xU tpUg;gkhd ,lkhf cs;sJ. mugpf; fly; kw;Wk; rpW jPTfspd; ePykhd jz;zPHfs; KUNj];tuh

];$gh iltpq; kw;Wk; ];NehHf;nfy;ypq;F KUNj\;tuh flw;gFjpapy;> Nej;uhzp kpfr; rpwe;j ,lq;fspy; xd;whdJ. Nej;uhzp fly; tho;f;ifiaf; fz;lwpa MHtj;Jld; jPT MdJ ];$gh iltpq;fpw;F xU rpwe;j fhzg;gLk; ];$gh %o;FgtHfis ,lkhd KUNj];tuhtpypUe;J 19 fpkP miof;fpwJ. Nej;uhzp gtsg;giw gy njhiytpYs;s rpwe;j epygug;G. tiffspYs;s tz;zj;Jg;g+r;rp kPd;> Gyp ,e;jj; jPT Gwhj; jPT kPd;> fpsp kPd;> tpyhq;F vd mwpag;gLfpwJ. fPNo kw;Wk; ,why; Mfpait cs;s flypd; xU fdTg; cs;sd> ,j;jPtpy; midtupd; Gdpj ahj;jpiu nghf;fp\khd Ma;tpw;F fw;gidf;Fk; mg;ghy; cs;s my;yJ Vw;w mJ ,g;NghJ iltpq; xU tpj;jpahrkhd cyfk; tpLKiwapy; MHtyHfSf;Fg;; gpbj;j cs;sJ. njhopw;Kiw cs;stHfSf;F> Kf;fpa-Gs;spfspy; xd;whf Ma;thsHfs; xU glfpy; khwptpl;lJ. ,e;j ,ja ,Ue;J gapw;rpiaj; KUNj\;tuh tbtpyhd jPT njspthd fly; njhFj;J toq;FdH. ePUf;fbapy; tho;f;if njs;s njspthf KUNj\;tuh xU nrhHf;fj; Ma;T nra;a ePH kw;Wk; Mok; nfhz;l jq;Fkplk;> cly; kw;Wk; xU tpUg;gkhd trjpfSld; ];$gh iltpq; Md;khTf;F ,d;Dk; nja;tPfj; xU mjpHr;rp jUk; jsj;ijf; jd;ikia cUthf;fpwJ. ,lkhf cs;sJ nfhz;Ls;sJ. ntt;Ntwhd mjpy; ,it vy;yhk; cz;L: gtsg;ghiwfs;> kPd; kw;Wk; fly;> ,aw;if> Md;kPfk;> jpkpq;fpy Rwhf;fs; Nghd;w ftHr;rpahd tuyhW> gz;ghL> rhfrq;fs;> kiyfs;> ,dq;fisg; gjpT nra;Js;sJ. Nej;uhzp flw;fiufs;> MWfs; kw;Wk; fw;gidf;F jPT KOtJk; iltpq; nra;Ak; NghJ mg;ghw;gl;l tp\aq;fs;. vg;NghJk; mtHfs; lhy;gpd;fs;> Mikfs; kw;Wk; ePbf;Fk; trPfupf;Fk; tpisit ,e;j Nfhgpah Nghd;wtw;iw vjpHnfhs;tH. ,lk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

KUNj];tuhtpYs;s gioa Nfhtpy;

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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77

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78

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kJypfh jh];

[pNygp> Fyhg; [h%d;> my;th kw;Wk; gY}lh Nghd;wtw;wpw;Fhpa nghJthd xw;Wik vd;d? ,it midj;Jk; ,e;jpa czTg; gl;baypy; ,Ug;gpDk;> mtw;wpd; jhafk; ,e;jpah my;y. ,d;Wk; ,it gw;wpa Nfs;tpfSf;F mtw;wpd; gpwg;gplkhd ngHrpah> JUf;fp Nghd;wit gjpyhf tuhky; ,e;jpah vd;Nw gjpyhf tUfpwJ. ,e;j ,dpg;G tif xt;nthd;Wk; ,e;jpa ,dpg;G cUthf;Fk; fiyapy; vt;thW epiyahd> kWf;fKbahj ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jJ vd;gJ tpag;Gf;FhpajhFk;. cjhuzkhf gph;uhzpia vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. Mwhk; E}w;whz;by; fr];jhdpy; (jw;NghJ <uhd; ehl;bd; tisFlhg; gFjp)

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rpf;fp

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Fz;lypfh my;yJ [y;typf;fh (urKila mit ghy;> Njd;> mhprp kw;Wk; Fok;G) vd;W miof;fg;gLk; ,dpg;ghdJ rHf;fiuapdhy; RitA+l;lg;gLfpd;wd. [pNygp nra;tjw;F J}z;LNfhyhf ',J ,e;jpa ,dpg;Gg; gz;lq;fspd; xU mike;jJ vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. gFjp kl;LNk MFk;> ,dpg;G jahhpf;Fk; ,dpg;G fz;Lgpbg;gpd; gb: tuyhw;iw Kiwahd ghuk;ghpak;> tho;f;if ghHf;Fk; NghJ fp.K.Kiw Nghd;w kpfg; nghpa f;fspy; ,dpg;G urj;ij jfty;fis cilajhFk;" jahhpg;gNj xU fiyahf vd rikaw;fiy epGzH Nrj; ,jw;F Kd;G ,Ue;jJ. flw;gazk; njuptpf;fpwhh;. khYkpfs; Nkw;nfhs;gtHfs; Njd; n`y;th (gpd;dH ngUk;ghYk; xU kw;Wk; ehl;Lr;rHf;fiuAld; `y;ththd) Riykhd; (1520 cldb ,dpg;G japH NrHj;J ,dpg;Gfs; â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1566) vd;w Ry;jhdhy; kw;Wk; cyH tpijfs;> nea;> ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;ljhFk;. f;fhf japWld;> rHf;fiu NrHj;J kpl;lha;fs; ,J ,e;jpahit mile;j Njd; kw;Wk; jahhpj;J ePz;l> gazj;jpw;F NghJ fha;e;J> kpfr; nty;yk; vLj;Jr; nrd;wdH. rpwpa JZf;F Nghd;w Nru;gg ; hu;fs; rikaw;fiy epGzH Jz;Lfshf ,Ue;jJ. ,jid tpfh]; Nrj; ',dpg;G" vd;gJ gjj;jpw;F nfhz;L tu> rf;jpia kPz;Lk; ngWtjw;F <ug;gjkpf;fjhf khw;w gd;dPH, MAjg;gilf;F mspf;fg;gLk; rj;JzT rHf;fiu> miuj;j gp];jh gUg;Gfs; vd;whh;. ,it =fz;l; my;yJ \ NrHf;fg;gl;ld. NkYk; rpwg;G tha;e;j PfHdp Nghy ek; gzpia fisg;gpd;wp rj;Js;sjhfTk; ghuk;ghpak; kpf;fjhfTk; NkYk; rpy kzp Neuk; Mw;w cjTk; khw;w nea;> rHf;fiu Nkth (mewa) vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. njhopyhsHfSf;F Nghd;witAk; NrHf;fg;gl;ld.

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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81

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fh[h; fh `y;th jahH nra;Ak; Neuk;: 15 epkp rikf;Fk; Neuk;: Rkhh; 2 kzp Neuk; 5-6 egHfSf;F Njitahd nghUl;fs;: 8-9 rhWs;s Nful;Lfs; 4-5 Nfhg;ig JUtpa Nful@;; KO nfhOg;Gs;s ghy; 4 Nfhg;ig> nea; (m) ntz;iz 4 Njf;fuz;b> ehl;L rHf;fiu (m) rhjhuz rHf;fiu 10-12 Njf;fuz;b (m) Njitf;Nfw;g> 20-25 Ke;jphp> 5-6 gr;ir Vyf;fha; (J} shf;fg;gl;lJ) (m) 1/3 Njf;fuz;b Vyg;nghb> Fq;Fkg;G+ rpwpjsT> cyh; jpuhl;ir ifasT

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82

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nra;Kiw: Nful;il fOtp Njhy; chpj;J JUtpf; nfhs;sTk;. mbfdkhd ghj;jpuj;jpy; ghy; kw;Wk; JUtpa Nful;il kpjkhd jPapy; NtftplTk;. eLeLNt fpswp tplTk;.

Nful; nte;jJk; ghy; tw;w Muk;gpf;Fk;. ghy; 75 yp tw;wpaJk; nea;> rHf;fiu> Vyg;nghb NrHj;J fye;J tplTk;. kpjkhd jPapy; NtftplTk;. eLeLNt KbAk; tiuf;Fk; fpswp tplTk;. my;th gjj;jpw;F te;jJk; Ke;jphpg;gUg;G> Fq;Fkg;G+> cyh; jpuhl;ir NrHj;J ghy; MtpahFk; tiu #Nlw;wTk;. #lhf my;yJ FspHr;rpahf ghpkhwyhk;.

NkNy: `y;th kw;Wk; (tyg;Gwk;): gY}lh Fy;/gp

ek;Kila ,dpg;Gfs; gue;j 'rpwe;j rikaw;fiy epGzHfs; fh\;l; mstpy; <Hf;fg;gl kw;nwhU fhuzk; `y;th jahhpf;Fk; NghJ vt;thW ,aw;ifahfNt ek;Kila Njitf;F rHf;fiuia ghFgjj;jpw;F nfhz;Ltu Vw;g khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $ba Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ kl;Lkd;wp khkprj;ijf; jd;ikahFk;. Fy;/ nfhz;L nra;ag;gl;l gp kw;Wk; fh\;l; FNyhg;[h%id `y;th ,tw;Wf;F ikjhitf; nfhz;L ek;Kila cjhuzq;fshFk;. gpwH ghY\fp Nghd;w Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; jq;fs; ,dpg;Gfis ,dpg;ghf vt;thW jahH gjj;jpw;F khw;w nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gij jd;ikNa ghy; kw;Wk; ghy; mwpthh;fs; vd;fpwhH. gytifahd nghUl;fis ,e;jpa Mdhy; ekJ ,dpg;Gfs; Kiwia gad;gLj;jp ,dpg;Gfis caHj;JtJ mzptFg;Gf;F cgNahfpj;Jg; vd;dntd;why; mit ghHj;jhYk; nra;Kiw xt;nthd;wpd; Ritj; fhuzkhFk;. fiyahdJ mtHfSf;F jd;ik vd rikaw;fiy cjttpy;iy. epGzH Nrj; $Wfpwhh;.

(Fy;gpahdJ Kl;il kw;Wk; nraw;ifg; Ke;ija E}w;whz;Lfspy; ,e;jpah nghUl;fs; ,d;wp ciwAk; jd;ikapy; murpay; kw;Wk; r%f mikg;Gfspy; nra;af;$ba ,dpg;ghFk;) [hg;uhdpd; kl;Lkd;wp ,dpg;GyfpYk; kw;Wk; chpikahsUk; rikaw;fiy gy;NtW jahhpg;G KiwfspYk; rpwe;J epGzUkhd Nrj;jd; Nrj; $Wk; NghJ tpsq;fpaJ vd;fpwhH.

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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83

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jhkiu tpijAld; gd;dPH jahh; nra;Ak; Neuk;: 10 epkp rikf;Fk; Neuk;: 30 epkp 4 egHfSf;F

Njitahd nghUl;fs;

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84

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

nra;Kiw:-

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];gfjp Nghyhf;dP]; jahH nra;Ak; Neuk;: 10 epkp rikf;Fk; Neuk;: 40 epkp 4 egHfSf;F

Njitahd nghUl;fs;:

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Njitahd kpsFj;J}s;

nra;Kiw:

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G+z;L NrHj;J tjf;fTk;. mj;Jld; fwpiar; NrHj;J mjpf jPapy; nghd;dpwkhFk; tiu tjf;fTk;. ,j;Jld; jf;fhsp> jf;fhsp tpOJ> cg;G> kpsF> Jsrp> xhpfhNdh> jz;zPH NrHj;J 2025 epkplq;fs; Ntf itf;fTk;. jz;zPH tw;wp nfl;bahd gjk; te;jJk; jdpNa ,wf;fp itf;fTk;. mfykhd ghj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;ghf tbf;f vspjhd flhapy; jz;zPH tpl;L nfhjpj;jJk; ];gfjp> Jsp cg;G> kPjKs;s Mypt; vz;iz NrHj;J 10 epkplk; caH ntg;gj;jpy; Ntftpl;L tbfl;lTk;. jahuhd ];gfjpia NtnwhU ghj;jpuj;jpy; itj;J mjd; Nky; fwpf;fyitia gug;gp mjd; Nky; gd;dPh; kw;Wk; kpsFj;J}s; J}tp #lhf ghpkhwTk;.

cgrhuk;: mw;Gjkhd Rit: rpw;Wz;b> cah;uf Njapiy> fhf;nla;y;> GJ by;yp ntspAwTj;Jiw tptfhu (mikr;rfj;jpd;) Jizth;fs; mikg;G ntspapl;l rikay; Gj;jfq;fspd; xU njhlhpd; ghfk;

nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

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85

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86

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nrg;lk;gu;-mf;Nlhgh; 2016

nts;sp

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xypk;gpf;fpy; xU nts;spg; gjf;fk;> xU mtH cyfpd; Kjy; epiy ];ghdpa uh[Pt; fhe;jp Nfy; uj;dh tpUJ kw;Wk; tPuhq;fid fNuhypdh khupDf;F vjpuhf gj;k= ntd;w G];uhyh ntq;fl rpe;Jtpd; tpisahba NghJ> Njho;tpAw;whH Mdhy; ,d;];l;uhfpuhk; gjpTfs; ngUk;ghyhd 21 mNj Neuj;jpy; ntw;wpAk; ngw;whH. mtH taJ ngz;fshy; tpUk;gg;ngw;Ws;sd. ,jpy; jq;fj;ij jtwtpl;lJ kw;Wk; nts;spiaf; ,d;Dk; mupjhd tp\ak; vd;dntd;why; ifg;gw;wpaJ xU tuyhw;Wj; jUzkhFk;. ,J Nghd;w xU ,sk; tajpy; xypk;gpf;fpy; mtuJ ntw;wp ,t;tsT nra;J Kbf;ff; $ba epr;rakhf Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhf 2015 ,y; rpe;J mwpTf;$Hik ,tUf;Fs;sik. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> mtH xUtH mtUila Fw;wkw;w xypk;gpf;fpy; nts;sp ntd;w ,e;jpahtpd; ,d;];l;uhfpuhk; gjpTfisf; Kjy; ,e;jpag; ngz; vd;w ehd;fhtJ ftdj;Jld; ghHf;ifapy;> fzj;jpy; NkYk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; caHe;j mit mtuJ jpahfq;fspd; ngw;wJ. xU ,sk; ,e;jpag; tpUjhd gj;k Mjhuq;fisj; njspthff; ngz;zhf xypk;gpf;fpy; xU fhl;Lfpd;wd. mtuJ jdpg;gl;l epfo;tpy; Nkil = tpUijg; gapw;rpf;F Kd;dUk;; gpd;dUk;> Kbit miltJ ePz;l ngw;whH Nghl;bfSf;fhf xU fhykhf ehl;bd; fdthf ftHr;rpfukhd ,lj;jpypUe;J ,Ue;jJ. xU mtkhdfukhd kW ,lj;jpw;F Kw;wpYkhf cyifr; Rw;wpg; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;j rpe;Jtpd; fbd gwf;Fk; NghJk; mjpfhiy gjpTfs;. mtuJ jhf;Fjy; epiyg;ghL khupdpd; tprpj;jpukhd neba fhy ml;ltiz kw;Wk; jpahfq;fs; tpisahl;Lg; ghzpahy; jLf;fg;gl;lJ. kpfTk; El;gkhdit> mtuJ mirahj ,ul;ilaHfs; vupaf;$ba fyitahf kw;Wk; ntw;wp Gd;difia ftdpf;ifapy; ,Ue;jdH> cr;rj;ij mila ,UtUf;Fk; midtUk; me;jg; Nghuhl;lq;fis cs;Ns jP vupe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. 83 kwe;JtpLtH. epkplj;jpy; gugug;ghftpUe;j tpisahl;bd;

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tpisT khupdpd; 19-21> 21-21 >21-15 ntw;wp.

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$ba tp\aq;fis Ntz;lhk; vd tpl;L mtuJ fhy; FzkhdJk;> mtH Gjpjhf nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ> mtSila jpahfk; gapw;rpiaj; jpUk;gr; nra;jhH. xU caukhd mtSf;F ,aw;ifahf tUfpwJ. rpwe;j jlfs tPuhq;fidahf ,Ug;gJ> RWRWg;ghf ed;ik Fwpj;Jr; rpe;jidAs;s topfhl;bahy; mtuJ gpujhd rthyhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Mizaplg;gl;l tho;f;ifia tho;tJ ruhrupahf> 300 Fe;Jiffs; kj;jpapy; mtiuf; Fiyj;Jtplg;NghtJ ,y;iy. mJ nraw;gLj;Jjy;> ntWkNd> tpisahl;bw;F mtuJ ftdj;ij tpisahl;by; jpUk;gp kw;Wk; Fjpj;jy; nrYj;j cjTk;. rhjidfis Kaw;rpnra;jhH> rpe;Jtpd; jPtpu gapw;rp mtuJ Ntfk;> RWRWg;G kw;Wk; rupahd rpe;J [_ ntw;wp tupirapd; gjpyhf <Hg;G rf;jpapd; ikaj;ijf; iy 2013 ,Uf;fyhk; Mdhy; mJ KbahJ fz;Lgpbg;gjpy; rpe;J mauhJ Kjy; ghuj; vd;W xUNghJk; nrhy;yhNj" Ntiy nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jJ ngl;Nuhypaj;jpy; vd;w kdepiyapy; mtiu mjdhy; xU Nrit my;yJ cjtp njhlHe;J Nghfr; nra;jJ. jpUk;gj; jhf;fpa gpwF js;shl;lk; xypk;gpf;fpw;F xU tUlj;jpw;F kw;Wk; rkepiy ,of;fhky; tpisahl;L Kd;G> ,e;jj; jlfs tPuH ,Uf;fyhk;.

Nkyhsuhf Rlg;gl;L xU fhy; Kwpe;J xU jlfs tPuiu tiuaWg;gJ Ntiy ghHj;J NghdJ. Mdhy; mtH Nfhgpre;j; xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf mLf;fg;gl;l tUfpwhH kw;Wk; gprpNahnjugp];l; rp gl;lq;fspd; vz;zpf;if my;y. fpuz; cjtpAld; Cf;fkhf xU cz;ikahd jlfs xU thHg;Gf; fhYld; Nghupl;lhH. tPuiu mtuJ kdepiy %yk; RkhH %d;W khjq;fshf> mtuJ vYk;G milahsk; fz;L nfhs;s KbAk;.

KwpT Fzkhf Neuk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;lJ> mtH xypk;gpf;fpy; nts;sp ntd;w gpwF> rpe;J jdJ Nky; clk;G kw;Wk; tapw;Wg; gapw;rp ,Jtiu mtuJ 21 Mz;LfSf;F mg;ghy; nra;J jhq;Fk; rf;jpia tsHj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. nrd;W tpisahl;Lj;jpwdpd; NeHj;jpahd

fPNo ,lg;gf;fk;: xypk;gpf;fpy; nts;sp ntd;w gpwF gapw;rpahsH GNyyh Nfhgpre;Jld;

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rpe;J xU ,sk; kw;Wk; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;l ngz;. mtUf;F mtuJ ntw;wpr; rpd;dq;fs; kPjhd rhHe;jpUg;gpy; ek;gpf;if ,y;iy

czHitf; fhl;bAs;shH. mtH Kd;Ndhf;fp kl;Lk; nry;ytpy;iy> mtuJ vjpHg;ghsupd; ntw;wpiaAk; mtH tho;j;jpdhH> mtH gjf;fk; Vw;w gpd;dH ntspr;rj;jpw;F eOtpdhH vdNt khupd; epfo;tpd; kfpo;r;rp $l;lj;jpy; ,y;iy. mtuJ Ra Jilj;jopf;Fk; ,ay;G Rj;jkhd fhw;wpd; %r;R kw;Wk; tpisahl;L tPuhq;fid tifahd mtH ,Wjpapy; elf;Fk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rj;jpaj;ij gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. jdJ tof;fkhd gapw;rpia kPz;Lk; nra;a mflkpf;F cldbahfj; jpUk;gp> xU gapw;rpahf ,Ue;jij %d;W gapw;rpfs; vd rthyhd eilKiwapy;

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,e;jpa juprdk;

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jdJ jpl;l Kiwia caHj;jpdhH> ,J nfhbaJ mj;Jld; Nkk;gl;ljhff; fUjg;gl;lJ> rhjidahsuhf tug;NghFk; ,e;j ,sk; ngz; jpwikfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhy; vd;W fhl;LfpwJ. ,tH rhjidahsH vd;wiof;fg;gLk; cupikiag; ngw;whH> Mdhy; rpe;J xU ,sk; kw;Wk; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;l ngz;. mtUf;F mtuJ ntw;wpr; rpd;dq;fs; kPjhd rhHe;jpUg;gpy; ek;gpf;if ,y;iy. ,g;gbg;gl;l gpufhrkhd mHg;gzpf;fg;gl;l ,sk; tPuHfisf; nfhz;Ls;s ,e;jpah> mrhjhuz tpisahl;L ngz;fSld; xU yPf; rfhg;jj;jpw;Fs; EiofpwJ.

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