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EDITORIAL

A LIGHT BULB MOMENT

he word says it all and now, the world also agrees…the word ‘Power’ is all about leadership and when you suffix the word ‘sector’, it spells many words and may mean many things, but like a circuit gets completed and a bulb flashes, the power sector may include many elements, but when we will get our act right – be it policy, generation, transmission & distribution – the circuit will get complete and India will shine for sure.

So, why is this statement in future tense and why not present continuous? Being perpetual optimists, we would only like to see brightness, but the realist in us also compels us to look at the grey areas. Despite being the fifth largest installed power producer in the world, the Indian power sector is still lagging in terms of low plant load factor (PLF) & efficiency, poor grid economy; recycling of fly ash, accelerated exhaustion of fixed fossil fuel, environmental pollution & frequent load sheddings (FLSDs) and transmission & distribution (T&D) losses. Recently, global ratings agency, Fitch Ratings, in its ‘2012 Outlook: Indian Power’ report, said that various factors will result in a slowdown in the launch of new power generation projects this year; rise in fuel prices and higher interest rates are two of the main reasons. The report added that the power sector will witness a slowdown, as the launch of new generation projects will slow down in 2012 because of lower investor interest over fuel availability, softening of merchant power prices, higher fuel costs, higher interest rates and slow progress on reforms at the distribution level. About 8,000-10,000 MW of new capacity is expected to be added this year. In the report, Fitch Ratings also stated that access to capital would be restricted for weaker entities, including state power utilities and greenfield projects. Experts also indicate that for developing nations, power demand growth should be in the range of 1-1.5x the GDP growth. A comparison of India’s GDP growth versus power demand over the period FY2000-01 to FY2010-11 indicates that power demand growth has been muted in comparison to the GDP growth. But amid all the cautious conditions pertaining to this sector’s growth, India offers the power sector huge scope to sustain the envisaged annual GDP growth rate of around 8-9 per cent. However, over the next 20 years, it has been estimated that India will have to increase its generation capacity from around 180 GW to over 800 GW by 2032. This would require matching upgradation and enhancement of the T&D segment. Presently, owing to full fledged participation from MNCs in the Indian power sector, the last few years have seen rapid strides in capacity addition. Further, it is estimated that MNCs will play a crucial role in the power generation programme for the upcoming 12th Five Year Plan, which targets to set up 100 GW of capacity. With strong support from the government, MNCs are leveraging on the opportunities to tap the enormous potential that India’s power sector offers by introducing automation, innovative solutions and state-of-theart technologies. With so many opportunities flashing, the time is right for you to have your light bulb moment.

Archana Tiwari-Nayudu archana.nayudu@infomedia18.in

CONTENTS 5

EDITORIAL

NEWS UPDATES Latest Happenings In The Power Sector

POWER GENERATION Eying Opportunities Amid Challenges

MNCs IN POWER SECTOR Lighting Up India’s Prospects

FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGIES Powering New Research Frontiers

ENGINEER INFINITE Young Minds At Work

Opinions & More

52 54

DEMAND TRENDS: SWITCHGEARS Becoming Compact & Smarter

SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT Maturing With The Right Technology

RENEWABLE PROSPECTS Multiplying Proﬁts Through Continuous Growth

38 40 44

TRADING OF RECs Key To Energy Security

56 57

POWER OUTLOOK Empowering India To Meet Its Growing Demands

POWER INVESTMENTS Building Up To Sufﬁce Industry Demands

59 Looking for a Speciﬁc Product? We will ﬁnd the product for you. Just type SRCH (space) Name of the Product and send it to 51818 eg. SRCH (space) Pump and send it to 51818.

60 61

PRODUCT UPDATE

‘Smart Energy Transition Can Be A Catalyst For Growth’ Prof Dr Claudia Kemfert, Head of Department – Department of Energy, Transportation, Environment & Professor of Energy Economics and Sustainability, HSoG, DIW Berlin (German Institute for Economic Research)

‘Bottlenecks In The Power Sector Threaten To Slow India’s GDP Growth Rate’ Rajiv Mishra, MD, CLP India

‘Information Technology Will Have A Massive Impact On The Power Sector’ Daniel Hager, CEO, Hager SE

‘We Always Want To Be Close To Our Customers’ Karlheinz Kaul, CEO - Control Components & Systems Engineering, Siemens AG

‘In The Automation Space, We Are One Of The Largest Integrators’ SC Bhargava, Sr VP – Electrical & Automation, Larsen & Toubro

‘We Will Continue To Make Investments In India’ Grégoire Poux-Guillaume, President, Alstom Grid

‘Almost 6-7% Of Our Revenue Goes Into Research And Development’ Pradeep Karnik, VP – Industry BU, Schneider Electric India

‘The Time Has Come For A Smarter Grid’ Gagan Kakkar, Sales Leader – Digital Energy, GE Energy

‘Power Is The Silent Driving Force Of The Economy’ Alok Kumar Roy, CEO, Reliance Power Transmission

‘We Are Technology And Not Price Leaders’ Thomas Wittek, CEO and GM India, Refu Solar Electronics

PRODUCT & ADVERTISERS’ INDEX Alphabetical Listing Of Products & Advertisers’ Presented In The Issue

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SEARCH - Supplement March 2012

NEWS UPDATES

AREVA T&D INDIA CHANGES ITS LEGAL ENTITY NAME TO ALSTOM T&D INDIA Areva T&D India has recently announced the change of its legal entity name to Alstom T&D India with effect from January 31, 2012. Following the global acquisition of Areva T&D’s transmission business by Alstom in June 2010 and the demerger of the distribution business; the highvoltage transmission, power electronics and automation business operations are under the control of Alstom. Present in India for over 100 years, Alstom T&D India has been the market leader in India since 2008, with significant achievements in the extra high voltage 765kV technology, GIS, turnkey solutions and in automation. Over the last three years, it built world-class factories to upgrade local manufacturing to 1,200 kV technology and expanded production capacities for all its products. During the last five years, the company grew threefold in its business volume. With 3,750 employees and highest-ever backlog

of orders reaching over `4,300 crore, Alstom T&D India is well positioned to participate in the growth of India’s electrical grid. Announcing the name change, Rathin Basu, MD, Alstom T&D India, stated, “We are delighted to return to our previous name – Alstom – as we were known until September 2005. We thank our customers, employees, partners and all stakeholders for their unwavering support and commitment during the ownership transition phase. Alstom brings in top-class global branding with wide offerings infrastructure that India needs to run the economy at +9 per cent GDP.” Despite tough competition, the company has achieved sales revenue of `31,163 mn for 12 months of 2011 and profit after tax of `1,171 mn for 12 months ending on December 31, 2011. In Q4, 2011 the company achieved yet another milestone by successfully

STANDARD FORAYS INTO COPPER FLEXIBLE CABLES BUSINESS Standard, a brand of Havells India, a US$1bn plus company, announced its foray into the ‘copper flexible cables’ business in the Indian market. The company is introducing a range of ‘high temperature resistant (HTR) flame retardant cables’ that is designed conforming to national and international standards. Standard (HTR) flame retardant cables are specially designed to sustain high temperature rise that occurs when the voltage is low, but the current passing through the wires is high, thereby leading to a rise in temperature of the conductor. Ordinary wires cannot sustain such system abnormalities and may lead to the risk of short circuit and serious fire hazards. The company has integrated a special technology in manufacturing cables, which is rated for 10 per cent higher current carrying capacity and can withstand high

temperature rise even during the worst overloading conditions. Anil Gupta, Joint MD, Havells India, said, “We are very excited to introduce a standard copper flexible cables range in the Indian market. This is yet another endeavour from our end to provide our customers with a wide range of products that are designed to meet the exacting international standards and thus delivering a high degree of reliability & safety.” The HTR flame retardant cables range is available in four variants for different applications – PVC insulated single core HTR flame retardant copper conductor industrial cables (unsheathed) 1,100 volts, PVC insulated multicore round HTR flame retardant copper conductor PVC sheathed 1,100 volts, Co – Axial TV cables, telephone switch board cables.

delivering the National Load Dispatch Centre for Bhutan Power Corporation, which manages the entire electricity network of Bhutan. With this, Alstom establishes undisputed leadership in the energy management system in the SAARC region having delivered similar systems to Bangladesh (manages 100 per cent of Bangladesh’s grid power flow) and India (manages 70 per cent of India’s grid power flow). Basu said, “The market continues to be extremely tough due to postponement of investments as well as huge SEB losses, thus preventing investments in the power sector. Despite adverse market conditions, we have posted an 11.8 per cent increase in order intake and a 13 per cent increase in order backlog (all time high) over annual 2010. Success came mostly through selected utilities, including powergrid, small- and medium-sized orders across industry and infrastructure segments of the market.”

NTPC AND BPDP SIGN JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENT NTPC and Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDP), wholly owned by the Bangladesh Government, recently signed a joint venture agreement (JVA) in Dhaka for setting up coalbased power project(s) in Bangladesh with equal (50:50) equity participation on a build, own and operate basis. The project shall be a landmark in bilateral economic cooperation between India and Bangladesh. The JVA was signed by Arup Roy Choudhury, CMD, NTPC and ASM Alamgir Kabir, Chairman, BPDP. A site at Bagerhat district of Bangladesh has been identified for developing a 1,320MW (2X660MW) imported coal-based power project with supercritical technology. Detailed feasibility report for the project has been prepared. The entire power generated by the power project shall be supplied to BPDB, to meet growing requirements of Bangladesh.

SEARCH - Supplement March 2012

NEWS UPDATES

CSE INVESTIGATION EXPOSES CORPORATE MALPRACTICE IN NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) researchers have stumbled upon a corporate scam, which could destroy the working of this project of national importance claims Sunita Narain, Director General, CSE. “We need clean energy. But clean energy cannot be built on dirty corporate practices. This is why we are exposing this dubious deal. We hope it will lead to better governance and regulation of this energy source of the future,” Narain said. In July 2010, the Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy had issued guidelines for the selection of solar power projects. According to these, the ministry will accept only one application for one 5 MW solar PV project “per company, including its parent, affiliate or ultimate parent or any group company…”. In the case of solar thermal projects, the guidelines specify “total capacity of solar thermal projects to be allocated to a company… shall be limited to 100 MW”. As per the guidelines, therefore, one company was allowed to bid for and win one 100 MW solar thermal and one 5 MW solar PV project. In totality, one company was eligible to get 105 MW worth of projects. CSE’s investigations

have revealed that these guidelines were blatantly flouted by LANCO Infratech, the flagship company of the LANCO group. This company floated front companies and grabbed no less than nine projects worth 235 MW. This is about 40 per cent of the 620 MW worth of projects auctioned by the government during the first batch of the first phase of the solar mission. Based on the guaranteed feed-in tariff being paid to solar projects in the first phase, the company will get assured revenue of `13,000 crore from these projects over a period of 25 years, says CSE. In the winning bids for solar thermal projects, LANCO’s name appears only in the case of Diwakar Solar Projects, which has bagged a 100 MW solar thermal contract. Another LANCO subsidiary, Khaya Solar Projects, appears on the approved list of 5 MW solar PV project proponents. On investigation, CSE found that seven more companies had direct links with LANCO – some have LANCO employees or family members as directors, while others have strong commercial ties to the company. LANCO’s own annual report indicates that all the seven are in its control.

MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC AND MESSUNG GROUP SIGN BUSINESS TRANSFER AGREEMENT Mitsubishi Electric India and Messung Group have signed a business transfer agreement to merge the operations of the Messung Group with Mitsubishi Electric India. The acquisition will allow Mitsubishi Electric to accelerate its industrial automation systems business in India and strengthen local sales and solutions, aiming at the sales of ¥15 billion by the fiscal year ending March 2016. The business transfer agreement to finalise the acquisition signed by the two parties in December 2011 is expected to be completed by the end of March 2012. Operations of the

consolidated business will commence in April. The industrial automation market in India is expected to grow by over 10 per cent annually. At the forefront of the industrial automation business in India, the Messung Group has been Mitsubishi Electric’s sales & distribution partner for 17 years. Mitsubishi Electric India will leverage on Messung Group’s expertise in sales, manufacturing and development, to strengthen its solution business & penetrate deeply into this fast-growing market under a growing commitment to provide quality products and services to Indian customers.

TATA POWER COMMISSIONS 25 MW SOLAR PROJECT IN MITHAPUR, GUJARAT Tata Power, which was developing a 25 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) power project under Gujarat’s Solar Power Policy 2009, through its subsidiary, Tata Power Renewable Energy, recently announced the successful commissioning of its project on January 25, 2012. Spread over 100 acre of land, the solar plant is located at Mithapur, Gujarat. Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Technology, which is modular, proven and widely deployed, is the choice of technology for this project. The company has signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) for the project with Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam. This plant is one of the largest of its kind in the country and is now feeding power into the grid. Speaking on the commissioning, Anil Sardana, MD, Tata Power, said, “We are delighted to announce the commissioning of one of the largest solar projects in the country. We would like to thank the Gujarat Government and all our stakeholders for the support extended for setting up this solar power project at Mithapur.” The project of approximately `365 crore is being funded through a debt equity mix of 70:30. The project financing comprises of equity of `110 crore and Rupee Term Loans of `255 crore. The company’s strategy emphasises the development of clean energy generation from renewable sources to balance the carbon emissions from fossil fuelbased generation capacity while contributing towards energy security of the country. Tata Power has ambitious plan to set up 300 MW of solar power capacity by 2017. The company has also executed a 3 MW solar photovoltaic plant at Mulshi, one of the largest grid-connected solar projects in Maharashtra.

SEARCH - Supplement March 2012

POWER GENERATION

Eying Opportunities Amid challenges India’s power sector is at crossroads. The next five years beginning 2012 will be a redefining period for the sector. Although constraints and challenges exist, many have been magnified; and gradual but fundamental changes are expected to occur. A recovery looks likely to occur in the mid to long term, by when the sector is expected to and will regain its lost reputation of steady long-term growth with reasonable returns. he rapidly chugging Indian economy, today the world’s second fastest growing economy, has been clocking an average growth of 7.2 per cent over the past decade. Rapid economic growth, increasing population, urbanisation, consumerism, booming service sector and manufacturing activity are the key factors that are driving the energy requirement of the nation. In an ideal scenario, power demand growth in India is expected to be at least equivalent to the economic growth. Experts indicate for developing nations, power demand growth should be in the range of 1-1.5x the GDP growth. A comparison of India’s GDP

growth versus power demand over the period FY2000-01 to FY2010-11 indicates that power demand growth has been muted in comparison to the GDP growth. The demand slowdown is partly attributable to the power consumption pattern. The agricultural sector contributes to 22 per cent of the power consumption and growth rates have been muted. Besides, the increased share of services in the GDP to 65 per cent (v/s 55 per cent in FY 2000) has also led to low electricity intensity.

PERFORMANCE OVERVIEW Over the years, the Indian power sector has had its own share of ups and downs. The Electricity Act 2003 was a

watershed event, giving a much needed boost to the sector’s economic viability. However, there have been a host of other concerning factors, leading to the sector’s poor performance historically. These include: Lack of adequate power generation capacity addition. Power generation capacity addition has been stagnant for the past two decades, and planned targets have been consistently missed. Constrained main plant equipment (boiler, turbine, and generator) manufacturing capacity in the domestic market has further contributed to the slow pace/ stagnant power generation capacity addition. BHEL has been the

SEARCH - Supplement March 2012

POWER GENERATION

95.5% of gas to operate gas-based mainstay of main plant 80 100.0% PLANNED (GW) ADDED (GW) power projects at its full load equipment supply in the 64 80.0% 66.7% % ACHIEVED capacity. i.e., corresponding domestic market, until 51.6% 51.2% 47.5% 48 60.0% to 90 per cent PLF, is around FY2007-08 when major 82 mmscmd per day. joint ventures (JVs) were 32 40.0% The current natural gas announced. 16 20.0% production in India stands Dismal conditions and 22 21 31 16 40 19 41 21 78 52 0 0.0% at 132.5 mmscmd, which inappropriate maintenance VII PLAN VIII PLAN IX PLAN X PLAN XI PLAN (FY85-FY90) (FY92-97) (FY97-02) (FY02-07) (FY07-12) dropped from 143 mmscmd of existing power plants Figure 1: India Power Generation Capacity (Planned Vs. Achieved) in 2009-10, primarily due to and transmission and distribution (T&D) equipment/infrastructure Company Planned Turbine Planned Boiler & foreign Location of Unit Expected Timeline Delayed environmental, forest, etc., Capacity (MW) Capacity (MW) Collaborator clearances BHEL Trichy, Hyderabad 15000 15000 Operational Land acquisition issues L&T-Mitsubishi Hazira, Gujarat 4000 4000 Operational Fuel linkages Heavy Industries Poor financial condition of the State Chennai, Tamil Operational (Trial Toshiba-JSW – 3000 Nadu Runs) Electricity Boards (SEBs) GB EngineeringRampant power theft, leading to Tamil Nadu 4000 2000 2014 Ansaldo high T&D losses impacting finances Bharat Forge Mundra, Gujarat – 5000 2013 of power T&D utilities. Alstom Thermax This has led to a consistent power Gujarat 3000 – 2012 Babcock & Wilcox demand-supply gap. BGR-Hitachi Tamil Nadu 5000 5000 2013 India’s current installed power Doosan Heavy generation capacity stands at 181.5 Industries (100% Haryana 300 3000 2014 FDI) GW, as at end August, 2011, with an Source: Company Press Releases, Newslines, Analyst reports, Frost & Sullivan Analysis energy deficit and peak deficit of 5.9 per cent and 8.2 per cent, respectively. a drop in gas production at Reliance declined approximately by 300 Basis Industries’ natural gas production at Points (BP) in FY11. CURRENT CHALLENGES AND ISSUES KG-D6 basin. Coal India’s actual supply against Fuel availability Earlier, gas production estimates linkages towards power plants was Coal-based power plants contribute to from KGD6 were 120 mmscmd by 302mt vs. the requirement of 355mt. approximately 55 per cent of the total FY13 and have since been revised Coal supply has been a bigger issue power generation installed capacity in down to 55 mmscmd by FY13 for projects commissioned after FY09, India, thereby being the mainstay of and 100 mmscmd by FY17. The which, in turn, impact operating rates. the country’s power generation fuel contribution from gas projects under Linkages continue to be on bestmix. However, recent delays in the construction/planning is 9GW, of efforts basis, thereby impacting the development of captive coal blocks which approximately 4GW will chain. Several projects commissioned have led to shortages in the supply of become operational in FY12. in FY10 and FY11 are operating at Indian coking coal. This has led to the Gas requirement for these 9GW sub-80 per cent PLF. Fuel supply gloomy prediction that India is likely projects at 90 per cent PLF is 37 agreements (FSAs) for many of the to face a coal shortage of approximately mmscmd (40 per cent of existing capacities are not yet signed due to 15 per cent before March 2012. supply to the power sector). The fuel scarcity. As per Ministry of Coal estimates, allocation of natural gas to the power Natural gas the coal demand-supply deficit could and fertiliser sectors contribute a lion’s Gas-based power plants currently increase to almost 200 MT during share of approximately 70 per cent, and contribute less than 10 per cent of the 12th Five Year Plan (FY12with the current domestic production, the total power generation installed 13 to FY16-17) in the event of coal there exists a deficit in the supply of capacity in India. The preference production from domestic sources natural gas. of natural gas as a fuel source for not being enhanced. Low domestic Increasing fuel prices power generation is increasing due production and increased demand In the current market scenario, to its lower environmental impact in impacts project economics. Plant load domestic sources are not able meet the comparison to coal. The requirement factor (PLF) of coal-based projects

SEARCH - Supplement March 2012

POWER GENERATION

natural gas and coal requirements for power generation. The fall out has led to imports to fill this supply void. Prices of both coal and natural gas in the international market have been steadily increasing over the last one year. In FY2010-11, India imported almost 8.7 per cent of its coal requirement. Australia and Indonesia contribute approximately to 50 per cent of India’s total coal import. The Indonesian Government announced in June 2011 that it would not allow exporting companies to sell coal at prices below notified rates after September 23, 2011. Australia issued a draft mining law in early June to impose levy on carbon tax and on super profits on mining companies in FY2012. These regulations by Indonesia and Australia are likely to increase the import prices of coal in India to the tune of `900 to `1,500. The price difference in imports and domestic sources has impacted economics of both new units under construction as well as operational units. Economics of Tata Power’s 4,000 MW ultra mega power project (UMPP) at Mundra, have been severely impacted, given the recent move by Indonesian Government to hike coal prices. Increased coal import pricing is expected to erode the profitability of Tata Power’s Mundra plant by as much as `480-`600 crore. The first unit of the UMPP, of 800 mw, is expected to become commercial by February 2012. Physical constraints Projects were delayed due to issues such as local protests, lack of environment and forest clearances as large capacity additions strained the system/resources. This is a function of excessive strain on limited resources and the delays impacted project cash flows.

AGGRESSIVE CAPACITY ADDITION PLANS The rapidly growing demand for electricity has led the government

to plan for huge capacity expansions over the next two decades. As per government estimates, cumulative power generation capacity is planned to be increased to 835 GW by the end of FY2032, in line with the increasing power requirement to complement economic growth of eight per cent per annum.

producers (IPPs) have entered the power generation sector with generation capacity portfolio under construction of 30-40GW; much of these capacities are set to be commissioned by FY15. The project pipeline from established utilities looks robust, with approximately 100GW of projects in various stages of development and planning.

POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS BTG equipment manufacturing capacity enhancement BHEL, over the past 2-3 decades, has been the lone supplier capable of supplying BTG equipment with a domestic manufacturing base. Given its broader spectrum of offerings in the industrial segment, BHEL had constraints in ramping up its BTG equipment manufacturing capacity. Various conglomerates saw this constraint as an opportunity, and forged JVs with the global majors to setup a manufacturing base in India. Table 1 represents capacity plans of major companies. With the brisk progress being made by each of these players, BTG equipment manufacturing capacity in the country is estimated to reach 30,000-35,000 MW per year by Y2014/15. The new/announced manufacturing facilities are expected to make a huge impact on India’s power generation capacity addition plans. Increasing role of private sector Private sector participation in the power generation space has been rapidly increasing over the past decade (FY2002-FY2011). Private sector companies contributed 13 per cent to the new power generation capacity during the 10th Five Year Plan (FY2002-07), which was expected to increase to approximately 18-19 per cent during the 11th Five Year Plan. Further, private sector companies are expected to add a bulk of the new power plant build capacity in the 12th Five Year Plan with a contribution of approximately 55-60 per cent. Several new independent power

RAMPING OF CAPTIVE MINES PRODUCING COAL Captive mines allocated to the power sector have potential production of 480 mt. Of this, 292 mt projects were awarded in 2006 and 2007. Given a time lag of 7-8 years, these mines are expected to become productive over the period FY13-15. Coal from captive mines contributed 4.6 per cent to the fuel basket for the power generation sector in FY2010. Going forward, with the increasing trend of captive mine production, FY13 is expected to be the inflexion point for captive mining – the contribution of captive mines to power generation is expected to increase from four per cent in FY12 to 12 per cent in FY15. Initial production from NTPC’s captive mines and mines allocated for Sasan UMPP project is to start in FY13 and FY14 – this is expected to be the inflexion point for captive mining. Additionally, several private developers have acquired mines overseas to ensure fuel supply for existing and expansion projects.

INCREASING POWER TARIFFS Lower end user tariffs/electricity charges are one of the factors impacting SEB finances and leading to huge losses. The agriculture and residential sectors contribute 47 per cent of the total electricity consumption. In fact, these two consumer categories are highest subsidised segments. There have been some positive developments of late, and several states have undertaken/ proposed tariff hikes. Courtesy: Frost & Sullivan

SEARCH - Supplement March 2012

MNCs IN POWER SECTOR

LIGHTING UP INDIA’S PROSPECTS Owing to full ﬂedged participation from MNCs in the Indian power sector, the last few years have seen rapid strides in capacity addition. Further, it is estimated that MNCs will play a crucial role in the power generation programme for the upcoming 12th Five-year Plan, which targets to set up 100 GW of capacity. With strong support from the government, MNCs are leveraging on the opportunities to tap the enormous potential that India’s power sector offers by introducing automation, innovative solutions and state-of-the-art technologies. ARINDAM GHOSH

rowing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over eight per cent over the last five years, India’s fastpaced economic growth and rapid rate of industrialisation and urbanisation have fuelled the demand for energy. In line with this, the country’s capacity addition has significantly improved. In fact, in the current 11th Five Year Plan period, a capacity addition of more than 50,000 MW is likely to occur – the highest in any planned period. Ironically, despite showing remarkable improvements in terms of power supply and generation, India continues to face challenges such as poor reliability and quality of power, which lead to frequent blackouts. The energy demand deficit, which touched a maximum of 11 per cent in 2008-09, has now moved close to nine per cent.

that the private sector and MNCs, which are equipped with state-of-theart technologies, need to chip in as their involvement can play a crucial role in tackling this challenge. Commenting on the contribution of the private sector, Hon’ble Minister of Power, Shri Sushilkumar Shinde says, “Their contribution in generation capacity addition has been successively increasing. During the 10th Plan, the private sector’s share was around 10 per cent. In the 11th Plan, it will be about 32 per cent and during the 12th Plan, it will be more than 52 per cent.” “The private sector is also participating in building transmission schemes comprising of 400 kV and 765 kV lines awarded to private developers. I expect more private sector involvement in transmission in the years to come,” he adds.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIA ROLE OF MNCs AND PRIVATE SECTOR To address this growing demand for energy, India needs to not only increase its generation capacity, but also modernise and augment its existing thermal, hydel and other sources of energy. It is at this juncture

The accelerated pace of capacity addition is the result of a combination of initiatives taken by MNCs and key measures taken by the Ministry of Power. The development of the power sector requires large investments that cannot be met solely using public

finance. Consequently, the Government of India has come out with various policies, such as permitting 100 per cent FDI for power generation and T&D, to boost foreign investment in the power sector. Herein, domestic as well as foreign investors can invest in any of these areas. Other important measures taken include adoption of supercritical technologies and Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs). As a result of these initiatives, the pace of capacity addition in the private sector has picked up quite substantially, especially in the recent years. Several new joint ventures (JVs) have been formed to manufacture supercritical boilers and turbine-generators for thermal power plants. Some of the JVs include L&T and MHI, Japan; Alstom and Bharat Forge; Toshiba and JSW. Additionally, Dussan is putting up an equipment manufacturing facility in the country with 100 per cent FDI. India offers huge scope to the power industry to sustain the envisaged annual GDP growth rate of around 8-9 per cent. However, over the next 20 years, it has been estimated that India will have to increase its generation capacity from around 180 GW presently to

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MNCs IN POWER SECTOR

over 800 GW by 2032. This would require matching upgradation and enhancement of the T&D segment. India’s per capita consumption of electricity of 734 kwh is around a quarter of the global average of 2,782 kwh. “I am not sure if India lags behind on the research and development (R&D) front. If we look at the Indian network, it is one of the highest voltage transmission networks in the world. India has substations from 400 kV to 765 kV. Apart from India, only China has this kind of capacity. From this perspective, India, in specific parts of the market, has some of the most advanced technologies,” opines Grégoire PouxGuillaume, President, Alstom Grid.

EXPANSION PLANS The Indian market is growing and the various investment-friendly norms and initiatives undertaken by the government are opening the gates of the industry to the private sector. This offers the country tremendous potential for power and related industries, which indeed makes the scenario look very promising. Globally leading MNCs have huge expansion plans in India not only in terms of coming up with new technologies in power generation, but also in terms of investing in R&D. Expatiating further, Karlheinz Kaul, CEO – Control Components & Systems Engineering, Siemens AG, says, “We are heavily investing in our site at Kalwa. We are also investing substantially in the new R&D site. We are also growing our engineering capacity year on year. This is important as we are focussing more and more on vertical markets. In vertical markets, our presence is important as we have to understand customer needs.” Highlighting the importance of localisation in the company’s expansion plans, Poux-Guillaume, elaborates, “We have localised technologies and are ready to face the challenges as the Indian market matures and decides to look forward to various solutions. Also, to tackle Indian issues, we have

FAC T FACT

• The installed capacity of power generation has gone up from about 1,23,000 MW in January 2006 to over 1,81,000 MW in August 2011 – an unprecedented growth of 47 per cent. • More than 41,600 MW of power has been added during the 11th Plan, which is nearly double the capacity added in the 10th Plan • More than 80,000 MW of power is under construction which will come as a boost to the capacity addition of the 12th Plan.

brought in everything latest in this technology, which are produced locally – be it 765 kV generation or smart technology in the whole transmission grid.” While commenting on the expansion plans, Gagan Kakkar, Sales Leader – Digital Energy, GE Energy, explains, “GE Energy is very excited about the growth of the Indian power sector and would leverage its technology innovation and portfolio diversity to bring clean energy solutions across the entire spectrum of power generation & transmission.” Elaborating on the renewable front, he adds, “In the renewable energy segment, GE Energy’s products on wind and solar target higher annual energy production to bring down the cost of generation as these segments aim to target grid parity. We will continue to pursue lowest cost of energy production in the cleanest form for all our customers in the Indian market.” Anoop Nanda, MD – Electrical Sector, South Asia, South East Asia & Japan, Eaton Corporation, too has expansion plans in India. Commenting on the same, Nanda says, “India has been playing a major role in our growth story and we have set a sales target of $500 million by 2015 in India. We have five manufacturing facilities in India and expect growth across all the segments in which we are present.”

POWER FOR ALL BY 2012 Given the growing economy of the country, the Indian Government had earlier set an ambitious goal of ‘Power For All By 2012’ around a decade ago. India is the world’s fifth-largest

electricity producer after the US, China, Japan and Russia, but if figures are anything to go by, its per capita consumption is among the lowest – at 778.71 kilowatt hours a year. Presently, there are 300 million people in the country who do not even have access to electricity. However, the government needs to take some steps to facilitate the smooth flow of investments. Unfortunately, as of now, one of the most ambitious project of ‘Power For All By 2012’, stands in the midst of various problems and has minimal chances of meeting the deadline.

BRIGHT FUTURE Power is undoubtedly the backbone to sustain high economic growth rate, especially for a country like India, which aims to achieve or be the second largest economy in the world after China in the next 40 years. According to Alok Kumar Roy, CEO, Reliance Power Transmission, “Power is the silent driving force of the economy. Only if power is available, can other game changing services like telecom, broadband internet access and banking, among others, reach the last mile.” Offering India a mantra to excel on the power front, Ramesh Chandak, President, Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association, avers, “Assured availability of quality power at reasonable cost will not only act as a catalyst in the socio-economic development of the nation, but also enhance the global competitiveness of the domestic industry leading to greater employment generation and higher levels of per capita income.” arindam.ghosh@infomedia18.in

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FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGIES

SOLAR OLAR POWER POW

LIGHT WATER REACTO REACTORS

NOBLE GAS GA FUEL

HYDROGEN YDROGEN OGEN FUEL

BIOFUEL O

ZERO O ENERGY BUILDIN BUILDING

POWERING New Research FRONTIERS

ENERGY NERGY CATA CATALYZER

POW Electricity plays a crucial role of a catalyst in a country’s development. OverWIND the POWER last few decades, greenhouse gas emissions, land shortage, fast depleting fossil fuels and big transmission & distribution losses have led the international community to ﬁnd alternative ways and means to generate power. Many countries have invested billions of dollars in research and development towards promoting green energy and their investments were not in vain. After all the research and developments being done in different parts of the world with their prototypes already tested successfully, it seems that these technologies will soon replace the older techniques and will end the energy crisis. SUPRITA ANUPAM

ndia celebrated its first ‘Electricity Day’ on July 24, 1879, when PW Fleury & Co demonstrated its first electric bulb in Calcutta. Since then, the core method of power generation has remained the same, i.e., electricity is being produced with the help of electromagnetic induction involving the movement of rotor mechanically. Initial developments pertaining to the rotation of shaft were done on the basis of the consumption of fossil fuel and they still share a major part of the production of electricity – around 67 per cent of the total electricity. According to data released from IEA/OECD, 20,261 TWHh electricity was produced in 2008, while the Earth received around 1,74,000 TWh solar energy from the sun per hour. Therefore, the total production is only around 11

per cent of the solar energy – a clear indicator that energy needs are not to be conserved, but to be harvested. This approach fuelled further research and development in the power sector and with the human mind always at work, technology continues to evolve. Commenting on the importance of technology, John O’ Halloran, President – Technology, Suzlon, says, “There are different ways to look at technology. One is an exotic technology that people have not heard about and the other dimension is creating a reliable and cost-effective technology.” Undoubtedly, the second option may seem less glamorous; but with the current scenario being all about improving efficiency & conservation, futuristic technologies will lead the way as they will be smart enough to include everything. Here’s a look at the futuristic technologies that are all set to shape the future...

NEXT GENERATION LIGHT WATER REACTORS Reducing greenhouse gas emissions will be a concern for all major power producing countries in the world, including India, as the Earth’s temperature has already increased by 0.8°C, as against the maximum limit of 2°C defined by the International Energy Agency (IEA). In fact, Japan has already initiated a programme called, ‘Cool Earth-Innovative Energy Technology Program’, which will promote the reduction of the present levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions by 60-70 per cent. With further inputs from IEA, the programme has identified 21 innovative technologies, which will help the cause. Japan is primarily dependent on its nuclear power and is developing light water reactors (LWRs) to effectively encounter earthquakes and

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Tsunami-like disasters. Next generation LWRs, because of their world’s best safety and economy standards, are considered a matter of global interest and will soon enter the international market of nuclear reactors. The next generation LWRs will ensure more than five per cent uranium enrichment within the reactor core system for significant reduction of spent fuel discharge, seismic isolation technologies, long-life materials, innovative water chemistry and best mix of passive and active safety systems. The next generation LWRs are expected to be fully operational by 2030.

HYDROGEN FUEL For a long time, hydrogen being renewable has been considered a better alternative to fossil fuels as it does not emit any greenhouse gas after ignition. However, there was no progress on the hydrogen front because of storage problems. Now, with the help of nanotechnology, storage is comparatively easier. Thanks to nanotechnology, we may soon find hydrogen-powered thermal plants. Cella Energy, a spin-off from Britain’s Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, has developed a new technology called coaxial electrospinning. In this method, hydrogen will be absorbed and encapsulated as nano fiber hydrides, which is much easier and safer to store than nascent hydrogen. The town of Hempstead, New York and Sunhydro are trying to set up wind-cumsolar-powered plants, which would generate hydrogen as fuel along with power. Clarifying the same, Professor Rangan Banerjee, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay, averred, “It is not fuel, but a carrier because generating hydrogen itself will consume fuel. Currently, 95 per cent hydrogen is being produced from natural gases, which emit greenhouse gases. But this method is not cost effective. We are looking for alternate methods.”

FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGIES

POWER PROJECTS IN INDIA Despite being the fifth largest installed power producer in the world, the Indian power sector is still lagging in terms of low plant load factor (PLF) & efficiency, poor grid economy; recycling of fly ash, accelerated exhaustion of fixed fossil fuel, environmental pollution & frequent load sheddings (FLSDs) and transmission & distribution (T&D) losses. But realising what once HJ Bhabha said, “No power is costlier than no power”, power companies like NTPC and NHPC among others along with the state and central governments have joined hands with almost all the prime research & development institutes like IITs, IIScs, TERI and Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) to improve their overall plant efficiency and help them tide through the near future energy crisis. While NHPC with the Ministry of Power and SJVN under the National Perspective Plan (NPP) has funded National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur, to develop a slit erosion resistant material for turbines for hydro generators to improve the current efficiency and longevity, C-DAC would design and develop technology for two MVAR custom power devices suitable for IT park application, thus compensating unbalanced loads and harmonics – a major concern in IT parks. Speaking about the R&D happening in NHPC, Vinod Kumar Karn, Chief Engineer – Operation & Maintenance Division, NHPC, says “NHPC is trying to explore the hydropower source. With currently a tidal power plant of 3.7 MW at Sundarban in the testing phase, we are looking to harvest ocean energy.” The other collaborative research projects under NPP are the development of high temperature super conducting transformers by EMCO India and the development and demonstration of 132 kV optical current transformers by Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA), Vadodara, funded by Power Grid Corporation of India (PGCIL) to decrease the T&D losses. Reliance’s BSES Yamuna Power has funded IIT Delhi for distribution related research work pertaining to green technology. Tata Power, L&T, Mumbai; KG Design Services, Coimbatore; TCE Consulting Engineers, Mumbai & Bangalore and KIE Solartherm, Pune, along with IIT Bombay have set up a national solar thermal power testing, simulation and research facility, which will cater to the testing and simulation of new technologies in the solar power plant of 1 MW capacity. The ongoing research by IIT Bombay in the power sector is related to the development of flexible AC transmission and HVDC systems, power system deregulation and non-conventional energy interfaces under solar photovoltaics.

EFFICIENT WIND POWER Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, in association with National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA, is working on stabilising wind power production in order to use it efficiently. They are studying all the variables, which can be controlled to maintain the stability of the output, viz., the power available in wind is proportional to the cube of wind speed. Double the wind speed provides eight times power. Ways to control the wind coming on the blades to some extent using airflow and

WindSENSE technology are being considered. Apart from this, NASA is also trying to develop a flying wind power plant, which will be swarms of kitelike airborne turbine at high altitudes sending the power down to Earth via nano tube cable tethers. These power plants will relocate themselves in accordance to stronger wind power availability. Thus, sensing wind throughout the day will incredibly enhance wind power production. Commenting on improving wind power efficiency, John O’

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FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGIES

Halloran points out, “The concept of innovation in our scheme of things can be explained through the doubly-fed induction generation technology, which extracts additional energy from the generator. It is a proven workhorse technology. In fact, we have had various wind turbines that have been using this technology for quite some time now. Initially, when it was introduced, we faced teething troubles. But over the years, the technology has matured. That is why Suzlon has decided to use this technology in its latest range of wind turbines for low wind sites. Moreover, it is a very cost effective way of generating higher energy and enables smooth interfacing with grids around the world.” Additionally, the increasing interest in offshore wind power is driving the development of new technologies. The most important of them is the foundation for offshore wind turbines that sometimes represent as much as 40 per cent of the investment costs. According to a Research Analyst, “Another technological trend is the scaling up of turbine capacity and the use of synchronous direct drive generators, instead of asynchronous alternatives that require the use of gearboxes. Gearless wind turbines offer enhanced reliability – an important factor in offshore projects where maintenance work represents significant costs.” Another technology connected to offshore wind farms is submarine cabling. Currently, energy generated by offshore wind turbines is transmitted to the mainland through the use of high voltage alternating current (HVAC) cables. “However, as wind farms move further offshore, HVAC cables are becoming less economically attractive due to increasing transmission losses. Due to this, attention is being focussed on high voltage direct current (HVDC) submarine cables,” remarks the Analyst. The future of the offshore wind industry will depend on novel

developments in foundation solutions for water 30-60 mt deep over the medium term and deeper than 60 mt over the long term. The most attractive alternative for widely used mono piles currently are jacket foundations that can be used in water between 30 and 60 mt deep. For the longer term and far offshore wind projects, the most probable solution appears to be floating foundations. Frost & Sullivan research shows that the jacket foundation is in an ‘almost commercial’ phase of development, while the floating foundation still requires a few more years of research. Currently, only one prototype of wind turbine carried by floating foundation is in operation. Besides problems connected with technology scaling up and the development of new foundation types, the transportation of wind farm components is another important challenge. Currently, there are very few vessels and cranes that can carry and install large offshore wind turbines. “To boost offshore wind technology, developers should focus on lowering foundation costs. Turbine operation costs can be decreased by introducing direct drive, gearless generators that are more reliable than asynchronous generators,” notes the Analyst. The revenue of offshore wind farm operators can be increased by the technology scaling up and the introduction of 10 MW wind turbines. Bigger turbines mean higher energy generation.

EFFICIENT SOLAR POWER Photovoltaic cells used today are assumed to be less sensitive and take a lot of space. Researchers at Iowa State University and Ames University have found a new process to put a thin texture on the substrate to enhance the heat absorption qualities. Polymer solar cells are found to have 20 per cent more efficiency than silicon cells. However, they were not used earlier because of lack of proper

coating technology. Laser ‘scribing’ is another way to improve solar cell efficiency. It will replace the stylus to connect the micro solar cells into an array, thereby forming high quality ultra-fast channels. As per researchers from Indiana’s Purdue University, laser ‘scribing’ will be much cheaper and will not do the etching mechanically, but will use an ultra-fast pulsing laser for this purpose.

ENERGY CATALYZER The Energy Catalyzer (E-CAT) developed by Andrea Rossi utilises the cold fusion process based on low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) between ordinary nickel powder and hydrogen gas producing massing amount of heat. The core is composed of a sealed metal tube having processed nickel powder, hydrogen gas and a proprietary catalyst. Exerting a combination of high pressure and heat, it releases excess heat to be used as thermal power to generate electricity. The beauty of Andrea’s E-CAT is that it can be fitted within a small room even on a table. As claimed by Andrea, 1 MW plant of E-CAT was successfully tested by Domenico Fioravanti, an Engineer, on October 28, 2011, producing half of the claimed capacity.

BIOFUEL Cellulosic ethanol and biofuels from plants as well as microbes are already on production. Several researches to shorten the timeline of fuel production and thus enhance their efficiency are on. A new research carried out at the University of California led to the discovery that protein itself can be directly used to get biofuel rather than first developing microbes from protein. New researches also show that biofuel butanol obtained from common algae cells can also be a good replacement for fossil fuels.

NOBLE GAS FUEL A company, Plasm ERG, claimed to have attained success in building

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a revolutionary engine that utilises inert gas as its fuel. The method earlier described and patented by Joseph Papp published on January 31, 1984, a week after the famous Apple Macintosh ‘1984’ ad introducing mac PCs first time released globally, by US patent office, could not be launched successfully so far. But now, John Rohner-led Plasm ERG is trying to commercialise the concept by reviving the old controversial Papp saga. It will be capable of producing constant output using a particular method called the ‘plasmic transition process’.

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING Zero energy building can be well worth in India’s perspective. India’s T&D losses are maximum 31 per cent as compared to Japan and the US, whose T&D losses are four per cent and five per cent respectively. A zero-energy building concept is based on the hybrid use of solar and wind power energy, thereby generating the

FUTURISTIC TECHNOLOGIES

required energy from the grid present inside the building by removing the T&D losses. In winter, when solar energy generation is usually at its low, wind power generation is at its high, thus compensating for the solar energy. Google and Microsoft photovoltaic campuses rely on the same concept. World Business Council for Sustainable Development along with companies like Lafarge and United Technologies has launched several initiatives to support the same.

GREEN TECH ON A HIGH Geothermal power plants evolved with the idea of harvesting energy within the Earth’s crust. But they are susceptible to leak greenhouse gases and cause hydraulic fracture. The Philippines, the US, Indonesia and Italy are the main geothermal producers. Besides the above mentioned futuristic technologies, several projects are in the research phase. These would include bioenergetic fuel saver, a stainless steel

metal rod inserted into the gas tank of a vehicle or attached that would extract energy from the environment; solid state generator or ‘endless field generator’ that would work on the concept of electromagnetic induction by having a static magnetic field; development of nano tubes to have better flexibility and efficient T&D; development of a prototype by Sandia National Laboratories converting water and carbon dioxide into fuel; light powered circuitry systems; US e-chromic; GE’s new triple-threat hybrid power plant technology, etc. Even though all the above technologies have already been tested, the next generation LWRs in Japan, zero energy buildings in the UK, biofuels, efficient and effective wind and solar power in India, Germany, the US and other countries have already assumed high priority in the future plan. suprita.anupam@infomedia18.in

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ENGINEER INFINITE

Young Minds at Work It was innovation and creativity every where at the students pavilion at ELECRAMA 2012. The organisers had invited engineering students to showcase their projects during ‘Engineering Infinite’. Around 46 projects were selected for the final competition. Here’s profiling some of the winning entries & their innovations… NISHI RATH ROBOT FOR TRANSMISSION LINE INSPECTION

“Aspiring to become one of the selected few to be part of Engineering Infinite, which comes once in two years, we were looking for something new and out-of-the-box. Robotics being the recent trend in the engineering field, we wished to bring it into the electrical field. This is how we arrived upon our project’s idea,” said Gaurav Mahashabde. Mahashabde and two of his friends, Sandesh Dongare and Khushal Tipre, of AC Patil College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, won the first prize in Engineering Infinite. Robotic The robot is an eight-wheeled machine, with a two-tray-like structure, connected together by the screw pineal method. It has an eight megapixel HD camera, three infra-red cameras, 1GPS device, one thermal sensor and one sound navigation system with a ZigBee wireless module. It weighs 10.5 kg. While the display model is made of aluminium, the commercial robot will be made from carbon fibre. It has insulation made from epoxy glass resin, which can protect the electric motors. The robot runs on a 30-RPM reduced gear DC motor and has an

eight-hour working battery with an inductor charging mechanism. “The challenge which we faced while making the robot was to basically find out the requirements of what the robot should do (inspect). This took about 3-4 months, but after that, the robot was built in about one month,” he added. Potential users and its benefits Its potential users can be the government and private companies involved in maintenance of the overhead transmission lines. The users will surely benefit from the product as it minimises the risk involved in the inspection of live line, minimises the required manpower and does a fast job. Also, data collection is more accurate as sensors and computers are involved.

ELECTRIC CYCLE

The start It all started as a discussion for the college project. A group of third year diploma students (electrical) of KJ Somaiya Polytechnic, Mumbai, came across an electric scooty. While trying to get more information on the same, they found that it was way too costly to make, complicated in design and was not affordable to the common man. Not only this, they also found

that its output and speed were also less. That is when the students Jairath Sunil Mehta, Ankit Jagdish Rathod, Chirag Vinod Manek and Virendra Dineshbhai Nandwana came up with the idea of making a cycle that runs on electricity. It is not only cheap, but also easy to design and is affordable for everyone. All these factors gave students the impetus to start the project. The electric cycle The cycle has two batteries of 12 V and 18 AH connected in series. It also has a motor of 150 watts, which gets electric supply from batteries. Further, the cycle also has a speed controller, which regulates the motor’s speed. “We can also connect a dynamo, which can light up LEDs and also give power to the battery to charge it. This cycle can run up to 45 km when charged once. It has a speed of 25 kmph,” said Mehta. The cycle can be used in villages by school children as well as, as a lawn mower among others. Its main benefit is that it does not require any fuel and is cheaper. It can also be considered a reliable mode of transport. “It is very useful for physically challenged people. It can prove to be a boon taken into consideration the rising fuel prices. The cycle also has very little maintenance as its batteries only need to be charged, which is again cheap. To sum it up, owing to its electrical base it can prove to be the best, convenient and the cheapest mode of transport. Its cost per kilometre is 40 paisa,” said Mehta. If the dynamo used is of higher rating, then it will charge the batteries by pedalling it. The main feature of our motor is that it acts as

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a generator while going downhill on a slope and also charges the batteries. The whole project took only one month to complete. “We used to work on the project for two hours every day after college,” added Mehta. Advantages of the electric cycle The electric cycle has various advantages. Apart from consuming less power, it promotes the go-green culture, has almost zero maintenance and comes at a reasonable price. “The cycle provides better acceleration than conventional motorcycles in the same speed category. Some motorcycles have removable lithium ion batteries that can be charged using any 120/230V outlet outside of the motorcycle. But this electric cycle can also be charged by pedalling, which, in a way, makes it independent. It is environment-friendly as it produces no exhaust gases at the point of use,” said Mehta.

THE KALINA CYCLE

The Idea To make it big at a platform like ‘Engineering Infinite’ provided the inspiration to Ananya A Sengupta, Kanaad C Bhat and Sana I Kankanady of Fr C Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi. The third year mechanical engineering students came up with an idea to create Kalina Cycle, a modification of the Rankine Cycle and demonstrate how to save energy. The Preparation Presently, there are ‘waste heat recovery

ENGINEER INFINITE

units’ set up in various industries to recover heat from the flue gases and transform it into electricity. Such units use the conventional Rankine Cycle with water as the working fluid which forms superheated steam to run the turbine blades and hence, the generator. Waste heat in the range 0-120˚C is used in the generation of biofuels and also in greenhouses. Waste heat in the range 550-650˚C (>650˚C) are used for the generation of electricity or some other mechanical work via different mechanical processes. Different devices such as recuperators, regenerators, heat pumps, economisers, etc., can be used for the heat recovery system. “Now, the major problem that needs to be addressed is the utilisation of low temperature flue gases from industries and various other plants. Maximum energy losses are observed in those plants, which have an exhaust of around 120-300˚C and the energy utilisation of these gases becomes difficult due to the lack of technique or additional cost investments. To overcome these obstacles, enormous research was carried out and the binary mixture of ammonia-water came into existence,” said Kankanady. The students added that, their college proved to be a great support. “Our faculty guide Santosh Chauhan directed us at every step on how to go about with our idea. Then, we started working with Rotary Equip. In Ambarnath, KP Ibrahim, the managing director, helped us to a great extent fabricate the project. From the boiler to the assembly of the entire working model was completed under their guidances,” added Bhat. The entire prototype was ready within almost one month. The modification The Kalina Cycle is a modification of the Rankine Cycle, which uses water as the working fluid. This cycle generates about 80 per cent of all electric power used throughout the world. The efficiency of a normal Rankine Cycle is not more than 33 per cent. A basic Rankine Cycle power plant consists of

components like a boiler, a turbine, a condenser and a pump. The basic working of the cycle is: Water is heated in the boiler to produce steam at a high pressure and high temperature This steam passes through a nozzle, hits the blades of the turbine and the turbine rotates. Since the steam expands in the turbine chamber, it cools and hence, the turbine exhaust has a low pressure The turbine drives a tachogenerator, which then produces electricity The exhaust from the turbine is then passed through a condenser where it is converted into water The water is then pumped back to the boiler by the pump at the required high pressure. Properties of ammonia-water as a working fluid: The ammonia-water mixture has a varying boiling and condensation temperature, resulting in significant heat recovery from the hot gas streams The thermo-physical properties of an ammonia-water mixture can be altered by changing the ammonia concentration The ammonia-water mixture has thermo-physical properties that can cause mixed fluid temperatures to change without a change in heat content Losses associated with the cooling system are smaller and the environmental impact is also less. Compared to the conventional Rankine Cycle, the Kalina cycle offers an efficiency of 50 per cent for low

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ENGINEER INFINITE

temperature heat sources. Gains up to 30 per cent may be obtained in direct fired power plants or bottoming cycle plants. Thus, efficiency offered is higher even though the same conventional material can be used for the construction of such plants. The basic process remains same as the Rankine Cycle, except for the working fluid. In the Kalina Cycle, there is energy utilisation at every point – in the boiler due to varying boiling temperature and in the condenser unit due to varying condensing temperature. Also, the process is extremely cost effective. The following points will highlight the above fact: As compared to the Rankine Cycle, the working temperature of the Kalina Cycle is very low. Thus, in every component, the cost effectiveness is applicable In the system, the thickness of the boilers is less. As a result, the material cost is saved. Also, the turbine blades are smaller because

heat exchange can take place on smaller surfaces. Also, no special materials are required in the building of components of the unit. Carbon steel, mild steel and stainless steel can be used, as they are all resistant to corrosion by ammonia. Since the temperature rise of the cooling water for the ammoniawater can be higher than that for condensing steam, the cooling water flow rate for ammonia-water can be less than that required for steam. This means smaller cooling towers, pumps and piping along with lower auxiliary power requirement for pumping and cooling lower fans. Also, the ammonia-water mixture is readily available and the additional ammonia gas required is also comparatively cheap. In addition, another advantage is that the entire process is a closed cycle and hence, there would not be any need to replace the mixture

repeatedly. “The main highlight of our project was that we replace the utilisation of coal for the generation of electricity. We use those sources of energy, which are being let out waste to the atmosphere, like geothermal energy, waste heat from cement industries, waste heat from iron & steel industries, solar energy and petro-chemical & refining. This saves the natural resources and also saves the environment from the damage caused due to their burning,” said Ibrahim. Energy Saver “We propose that this cycle will prove to be very beneficial in the future at the industrial as well as domestic levels. The Kalina Cycle can be implemented in various industries mentioned above. This will not only make the industrial sector self-sufficient in terms of power generation, but will also cause less damage to the environment as it is eco-friendly,” added Kankanady. nisi.rath@infomedia18.in

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DEMAND TRENDS: SWITCHGEARS

– increased by more than 50 per cent.

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Compact & Smarter The switchgear market has been gaining traction lately. With it being the most crucial equipment and the kind of sophistications that have been introduced by the companies globally, this lucrative market is poised for greater growth in the years to come… PRERNA SHARMA

he Indian electrical and equipment industry comprising of multinationals, large, medium and small players is capable of producing, supplying and exporting a wide variety of electrical equipment, including switchgear and controlgear items needed by the expanding industrial and power sector. In fact, the industry sector manufactures the entire voltage range right from 240 V to 800 KV.

The 1,200 KV equipment are under development and the technology level is contemporary. It is estimated that the present size of the switchgear market – excluding RMU, GIS and domestic switchgears, which amounts to approximately Rs3,000 crore – is around Rs9,000 crore. The industry grew in terms of volume in 2010-11. Overall, exports decreased by 15 per cent, whereas imports – mainly of medium voltage (MV)/high voltage (HV) switchgear

Image Courtesy: Siemens

Becoming

Currently, the MV and HV segments have been suffering from overcapacity due to the lack of orders. The reason for the same could be inadequate demand. The reasons for inadequate demand are many and could range from insufficient planning by users to delays in finalising tenders, thereby resulting in bunching of orders, which, in turn, creates supply-delivery problems. Also, the L1 (lowest quoted price) procurement system in utilities, i.e., procuring products at the lowest price, creates a hurdle, especially when it comes to bringing in good quality material into the system. Further, insistence on repeated type testing of products despite inadequate type testing laboratories and no change in design poses additional delays and adds to unnecessary costs. In HYFY12, the switchgear and controlgear segment managed a miniscule growth of 2.4%. The growth is attributed to demand in miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) and air circuit breakers (ACBs) in the low voltage (LV) segment. While the MV segment witnessed stagnancy in growth, the HV and the extra high voltage (EHV) segment experienced a surge in demand of at least 20 per cent due to increased supply to power transmission projects. The imports of HV switchgear products like fuses, breakers, isolators, surge arresters, etc., on the other hand, witnessed an over 50 per cent increase in terms of value during the first half of FY12.

MARKET OPPORTUNITY Utilities segment The demand for HV and EHV mainly

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comes from the utilities. With the government focussing on increasing the penetration of power supply in villages, schemes like Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme (APDRP) and Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) provide an excellent opportunity for the LV and MV switchgear market considering that about 10 per cent villages are yet to be electrified. Industrial segment India’s industrial segment accounts for about 30-35 per cent of the GDP with most of the industrial divisions reporting growth in output in the fiscal. Additionally, investment in new infrastructural setup will increase the market for intelligent switchgears, ring main units (RMUs), moulded case circuit breakers (MCCBs), ACBs and C&Rs. Another indicator of sustainable growth is the increasing gross assets of organisations. Commercial and infrastructure The infrastructure sector is one of the five most important thrust sectors in the 11th Five Year Plan of the Government of India (GOI) with an estimated investment of $475 billion over five years, which has actually slipped. As in other parts of the world, numerous power plants in India are nearing the end of their service plan, thus requiring overhauling and modernization. This includes replacement of existing transformers, and replacement of LV, MV, and HV switchgears. Renewable growth The renewable energy market has grown by about 2400 MW to 18,655 MW. The growth in this segment is likely to sustain at current/higher levels percent over the next 4-5 years. The MCCB and MCB markets are expected to benefit considerably from alternative energy expansion. Both the low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) switchgear markets in India are well established, with a mature technology base and considerable demand from end user segments such as industrial,

DEMAND TRENDS: SWITCHGEARS

construction (residential/commercial), power generation and transmission & distribution (T&D) utilities. Market participants have charted out organic/ inorganic growth plans to capitalise on the various anticipated expansion and development plans across end user segments. The Indian LV switchgear market earned revenues of $950 million in 2010 and estimates this to reach $2,170 million in 2017. The MV switchgear market earned revenues of $795 million in 2010 and estimates this to reach $1735 million in 2017. “Growth in key sectors such as oil and gas, petrochemicals, steel, cement

industries are investing heavily in indoor and gas-insulated switchgears. While major manufacturers in the MV market are all set to diversify their offerings, others are acquiring technology to address the future demand for environment-friendly, compact and efficient MV switchgears. Despite the market demand, the huge discount structure erodes the top and bottom line of organised participants. Pricing pressures due to high competition and customers’ bargaining power impede the overall growth of the LV and MV switchgear markets. Raw materials including

KEY TAKEAWAYS The global market for switchgears is expected to post good growth rates in the coming years as demand soars exponentially worldwide. With the Indian government focused on bringing about improvements in the State Electricity Boards, the Indian market for switchgears is likely to post good growth rates by 2020. The market for switchgears is well established in India, with a lot of potential for further growth coming from utilities, as well as commercial and industrial segments. With India facing an energy crisis, the government has plans to reform the power sector. With reforms on the way, the future of the Indian switchgear industry looks bright and investment in the market is likely to ﬂow in. Against a backdrop of tough economic climate, success in the Indian switchgear industry is going to hinge upon the ability to research and develop new innovative products at competitive prices and validate new applications for existing products to distinguish themselves from that of competitors. Growth in the Indian switchgear market will also be sustained by government directives to replace older redundant systems to achieve operational safety, and security in industrial establishments. and telecom & investments in the development of huge commercial and residential corridors across the country will raise energy consumption,” says Anup Barapatre, Industry Analyst, Frost & Sullivan, adding, “The major participants in the LV switchgear space are fitting out their manufacturing facilities to adapt to this change.” Global companies are obtaining or upgrading technology from their parent company, while local participants are procuring technology through acquisition or technology transfer. Industries and T&D utilities across the country have upped their demand for space optimisation & efficient switching and prominent end user

steel, copper and silver form a major cost component in the manufacturing of LV and MV switchgears and any fluctuation in their prices will have a direct impact on equipment prices. “It is challenging for participants to hedge against price fluctuations, maximise margins, and still be competitive. The price wars triggered by tier II & III suppliers can be offset to some extent by focussing on adopting best practices to improve production efficiencies and achieving economies of scale to reduce production costs and maintain profit margins,” notes Barapatre. With inputs from IEEMA Journal

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SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT

Maturing with the Improved reliability, fewer outages and greater customer awareness of energy usage and costs are some of the many beneﬁts that can be derived from smart grid technologies. But in an infrastructure-deﬁcient Indian power sector, the implementation of smart grids is a challenge in itself. With the government in the process of creating a roadmap for implementation of smart grid technologies, the future looks bright for the Indian power sector.

SUMEDHA MAHOREY

s per the International Energy Agency (IEA), a smart grid is an electricity network that uses digital and other advanced technologies to monitor and manage the transmission of electricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end users. Smart grids coordinate the needs and capabilities of all generators, grid operators, end users and electricity market stakeholders to operate all parts of the system as efficiently as possible, thereby minimising costs and environmental impacts, while maximising system reliability, resilience and stability. Smart grids include electricity networks (transmission and distribution systems) and interfaces with generation, storage & end users.

NEED FOR SMART GRIDS An unfulfilled aspiration, smart grids have been a long cherished dream for the Indian power sector. With the government waking up to the various advantages of implementing smart grids, we can expect a completely technologically able power distribution and generation sector in the next decade. Commenting on

the development of smart grids and national grid integration, Devender Singh, Power Secretary, Government of India, avers, “To begin with, we are trying to implement smart grid pilots. Simultaneously, we are planning to create a smart grid roadmap. So, even while we are executing the smart grid pilots, we will be working on the roadmap. And by the next 4-5 years, we will try to conceptualise and visualise how the grids can be made smarter and more intelligent.” But why does India need smart grids? Gagan Kakkar, Sales Leader – Digital Energy, GE Energy, elaborates, “From a transmission and distribution perspective, the time has come for a smarter grid. It necessitates the integration of two infrastructures – the electrical infrastructure with the information infrastructure. It leads the efforts to provide a power system operating in a coordinated, efficient and

reliable manner, which automatically responds to critical electrical and economic conditions and serves customers; thereby enabling timely, secure and adaptable information flow.”

SMART GRID: FILLING THE NEED GAP The focus of the Indian policy makers has now shifted to smart grid development. Sam Pitroda, Advisor to the Prime Minister, Government of India and Chairman, Indian Smart Grid Task Force, informs, “The government reckons that India needs 100 million meters and towards this end, the Smart Meter Task Force will be entrusted with the task of introducing Rs1,000-1,500 Low Cost Meters. We need a two-chip meter that can be connected through GSM technology. Basically, a dumb meter that is smart enough. These Low Cost Meters will feed critical data into the Smart Grids that are considered to be

Today, power is our biggest bottleneck for eight per cent GDP growth. It is a larger challenge that many of us do not realise considering that power has to reach to the bottom of the pyramid and that too, cheap power. Only Smart Grids – which are India speciﬁc models of Smart Grids – can solve our problems. Sam Pitroda, Advisor to the Prime Minister, Government of India and Chairman, Indian Smart Grid Task Force

SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT

the panacea for our primitive power sector.” With the development of smart grids, fewer generating plants and fewer transmission & distribution assets are required in order to cater to the growing demand for electricity.

ADVANTAGES OF SMART GRIDS Smart grids also have the capability to accommodate technical difficulties of integrating renewable resources like wind & solar to the grid and providing further reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. When it comes to cost benefits, smart grids come in really handy as the ability to bypass the cost of the plant and grid development is a major advantage to both the utilities and customers. Further, with the aid of smart grids, less generating units would be required in order to fulfil the energy demand of the growing population and the cost of setting up more and more plants can be deferred. Kakkar highlights that smart grid solutions enable utilities to increase energy productivity and power reliability while empowering customers to better manage their electricity consumption and costs through real-time knowledge exchange. This helps electricity customers lower their carbon footprints, without having to compromise on lifestyle or habits. Call it ‘demand side management’ or call it ‘time of use’ pricing, optimising them brings in choices around comfort and cost. There is no greater hassle for electricity customers than power outage. Smart grid products and technologies, including and not limited to distribution management and outage management, help maximising system uptime, while also helping the utility more quickly to restore power to homes and businesses in the event of an outage. This delivery optimisation, hence, not only improves reliability, but also reduces losses by better visibility and management, says Kakkar. The other benefit of smart grids is that in addition to monetary and convenience benefits, customers will

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be part of the effort to employ smarter distances. This is an apt technology energy alternatives designed to help for connecting different states as the growing energy demand, thereby well as connecting renewable sources helping conserve energy and reducing of energy from one part of India to carbon emissions. the consumption centres in any other In the present circumstances where state. We are also present in network India’s generating capacity is set to stability. India has very aggressive plans grow from about 165 GW in 2011 to introduce nearly 1,000-1,200 PMUs to 800 GW in 2030, the demand(measurement units) – which is same as supply gap is ever increasing. The the requirement in the US – over the government’s implementation process next three years. This clearly indicates of Restructured-Accelerated Power that India is making significant Development and Reform Programme investment. We are introducing an all (R-APDRP) is a great step towards reducing this gap and to gear up EFFECTIVE USE OF SMART GRID for the future demands. Through TECHNOLOGIES HELPS UTILITIES: modernisation of infrastructure, Improve grid usage integrating information and Improve grid efﬁciency and security communication technology Better match demand with supply of (ICT) with IT and power control energy and grid congestion applications, and building the Enable distributed generation infrastructure for integrating Allow customers to manage their renewable technologies and consumption level and to take the efficient demand side management beneﬁts of pricing and supply options being planned, the smart grid Cater to environmental issues. will play an instrumental role in Source: Whitepaper on Challenges of Implementing addressing all the issues, while Smart Grids In India reducing the AT&C losses, and improving delivery efficiencies. new relay technology used for digital Apart from this, smart grid substations, which will bring about technologies offer the means to this efficiency in the network system.” overcome challenges like ageing infrastructure, continued growth in OUTLOOK demand, the integration of increasing The smart grid will revolutionise the numbers of variable renewable energy way energy distribution is done today. sources and electric vehicles, the need Daniel Hager, CEO, Hager SE, points to improve the security of supply and out, “We need metering, electronics the need to lower carbon footprints. and control systems that make the whole interchange of different interphase. For example, in a modern home, TAPPING SMART GRID OPPORTUNITIES we will have solar panels, energy from Many products as well as technologies a grid and, at the same time, we will have been already launched and have an electric car in the garage. In implemented in the Indian market the future, we will want to monitor for smart grids. Elaborating further homes to have comfortable lighting, on this, Grégoire Poux-Guillaume, shades and security. Thus, it is a whole President, Alstom Grid, asserts, “We set up and its one system that the end have many products that are applicable user will require to live in this home to the Indian market, which are more of tomorrow with reliable and secure applicable as compared to the local energy. And smart grid and smarter products available here. One such technologies will enable this.” product is HVDC, a direct current high voltage transmission line used for power transmission over long sumedha.mahorey@infomedia18.in

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RENEWABLE PROSPECTS

MULTIPLYING PROFITS THROUGH CONTINUOUS

GROWTH

With depleting energy resources, exploration of green resources has taken the limelight to the national agenda of countries worldwide. Keeping this in the backdrop, India has outpaced the rest of the globe in terms of its clean-tech investments, which hit US$10.3bn in 2011 – a 52 per cent increase on the US$6.8bn invested in 2010 and the highest-growth ﬁgure of any signiﬁcant economy in the world. With such promising growth prospects, renewable energy is slated to become the sector of the future. SUMEDHA MAHOREY

ndia’s enormous potential for energy production and consumption has enhanced investment prospects in the renewable sector. The opening up of this sector to global players has created immense opportunities for investments. There is a huge potential in India for the generation of power from renewable energy sources like wind turbine, hydro power, biomass, geothermal, wave & tidal and solar energy. With vast potential of renewable energy across various sources, India today boasts of the world’s largest programmes for renewable energy.

RESOURCE-WISE COMPETENCIES India is the world’s fifth largest producer of wind power after Denmark, Germany, Spain and the US. And

the wind energy sector has great potential to grow along with other renewable sources like solar, biomass and hydropower in India. According to a recent Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) report, the cumulative installed capacity of Grid Interactive Wind Energy in India by the end of September 2011 was 14,989 MW. India ranked third in the world in annual capacity additions and fifth in terms of total wind energy installed capacity. The gross potential of wind power in India is 48,561 MW and a total of about 14,158 MW has been developed till date through various projects. When it comes to solar, India is one of the best performers. The Indian solar market is expected to be spurred by the maturing National Solar Mission (NSM), a collection of state-level

incentives and the influx of expertise from global solar players entering the Indian market. In 2010, India had 54 MW of installed grid-connected solar power. However, recent feed-in tariff allocations from NSM and Gujarat’s Solar Policy promise to increase that capacity sixfold to around 365 MW by the end of 2011 and, furthermore, to over 1.1 GW by the end of 2012. And the reason behind India’s renewable market upsurge? It is down to the improving cost competitiveness of wind and solar to suffice the energy demands of the growing industrial sector. The key demand driver for the energy sector is rapid growth in the manufacturing sector and robust residential consumption. The recent shift in dependence on renewable energy sources offers economic, social and environmental benefits, which

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will further increase the demand for renewable energy in the country. McKinsey & Co’s analysis suggests that if India continues to grow at an average rate of eight per cent for next 10 years, the country’s power demand is likely to climb from around 120 GW at present to 315-335 GW by 2017 – 100 GW higher than the current estimates.

SUFFICING THE URGENT DEMAND To meet this demand, the country will require a fivefold to tenfold increase in the pace of capacity addition. Government initiatives like concessional import duty on specified wind turbine parts, 80 per cent accelerated depreciation in the first year, excise duty reliefs, etc., will further help the country’s energy sector and attract global players to set up base here. As on March 2011, 14,157 MW wind energy has been installed. MNRE is aiming to have additional 6,000 MW of wind power capacity installed by 2012. Moreover, companies as well as individuals will get tax breaks for investing in green energy, especially wind farms. The noticeable fact is that coal, oil & gas will continue to be the predominant form of energy in the future. However, renewable sources will register an exponential growth in the coming decade.

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES As per Platts Renewable Energy Report, three state governments have pledged to develop more than 20 GW of renewable energy through the end of the decade, thereby complementing national initiatives to build solar and biomass plants. Leading the charge is the new government in Tamil Nadu, which has committed to build 8 GW of renewable energy in the next five years – 5 GW from wind resources and 3 GW from solar energy. In addition, Gujarat has launched a pilot project to install 5 MW of rooftop solar photovoltaics on government buildings in state capital city Gandhinagar – an initiative which could lead to large-

RENEWABLE PROSPECTS

scale investments in photovoltaics. The Gujarat Energy Research & Management Institute, acting on behalf of the State Government, issued a tender call last month to construct two 2.5-MW photovoltaic projects. India’s potential in the renewable sector is luring companies to invest in this market. B Chandrasekar, VP – Sales, WinWind India, avers, “The energy sector will be at the focal point of the future economic equations and renewable energy, even more so. Going forward, it will be increasingly lucrative as renewable energy prices will be market driven with the government giving more impetus to reducing carbon emission levels. The recent steps taken by the Indian Government like coming out with generation-based incentives, introduction of renewable energy certificates (RECs) and the introduction of more stringent norms like Renewable Purchase Obligation, the sector is certainly becoming more lucrative.” Rajasthan is also pursuing solar energy expansion. It is expected to issue a tender call to develop 250 MW of solar power capacity. Ahead of the tender, the state has issued bidding rules prescribing three categories of solar projects: Up to 100 MW of 50MW solar thermal projects; 100 MW of photovoltaics capacity comprising 5-10 MW projects; and 50 MW of 1MW photovoltaics plants. A maximum of 61 MW capacity, comprising one project each of 1 MW, 10 MW and 50 MW, can be set up by a single investor. The state has proposed to permit only commercially established and operating solar technologies to minimise technology risks. The tender is part of Phase 1 of the state’s new solar policy targeting a total of 10-12 GW of new solar capacity over the next 10 years in the sun-soaked state.

UNTAPPED CHANCES FOR GROWTH New surveys have found that India has about 10 GW of geothermal energy potential. The government is presently pursuing this avenue. Surface and sub-

surface studies have been carried out at most of the geothermal fields in the freshly identified 340 hot springs in the country. India’s National Geophysical Research Institute has found that Puga, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir and Tattapani, Chhattisgarh offer the most promising geothermal fields. NGRI, a part of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, has offered MNRE to conduct additional analyses in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. The ministry is looking to set up a pilot project for R&D in each state having geothermal potential. The projects could involve resource validation and technology demonstration. MNRE is preparing to issue a solicitation and is awaiting comments from state governments and analysts in a draft format for tender documents. Thermax, Tata Power, Bhilwara Energy, Avin Energy Systems, Geo-syndicate and Hindustan Turbomachinery are among the investors interested in tapping the country’s geothermal energy.

TIME TO SWITCH TO RENEWABLE With increased focus on geothermal energy, the prospects are getting bigger for the Indian renewable sector. With increasing investments, support from the government and with events like the Fukushima Nuclear Reactor incident during the recent Japan earthquake, increased reliance on renewable energy is becoming a more obvious and safer choice. Chandrasekar believes, “It is time we realise that the world has been living far beyond its means and we need to contribute back to the Earth and focus on sustainable development.” With a thought so relevant to the present and with rapid increase in power tariffs, many corporates are turning to renewable energy. The idea is to meet their captive requirements through the green energy sources. This would ensure that their power requirements do not add up to a large cost going forward. sumedha.mahorey@infomedia18.in

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TRADING OF RECs

Having been commenced in March 2011, the trading of Renewable Energy Certiﬁcates (RECs) has become one of the key drivers for growth of the renewable energy sector in India. It is expected that if the trading of RECs becomes successful, the renewable energy sector may slowly and steadily reduce its dependence for growth and expansion on government-led subsides, tax-concessions, ﬁscal incentives and other schemes and will, in turn, be powered by market forces. ARINDAM GHOSH

The tool has been implemented in various countries such as Australia, Japan, the US, Netherlands, Denmark and the UK, and has turned out to be extremely successful for those regions. However, the modalities of the schemes were tweaked to suit the existing policy and regulatory framework along with the prevailing market conditions for each country.

REC MECHANISM n June 2008, Hon’ble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh launched the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) as part of the country’s efforts to address the challenges posed by global warming and further give a strong push to power generation from renewable forms of energy. One such tool prescribed in NAPCC in this direction is the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) mechanism.

Though India is naturally gifted with varied forms of renewable energy, a large part of the country’s renewable energy potential is concentrated in a few states and some of these states have achieved comparatively high levels of renewable electricity purchase as share of their total electricity consumption. The electricity from renewable energy being more expensive than the conventional electricity, these states are not willing to buy renewable-based electricity any further.

To address this mismatch, electricity regulatory commissions have collectively evolved an REC mechanism, under which green electricity is to be split into two components – electricity and the green attribute. The electricity component can be sold to local distribution utilities at the price of conventional electricity and the green attribute is converted into REC, which the generator can sell to the utilities of states that can fulfill its renewable purchase obligations by purchasing RECs. REC is a market-based instrument, which enables the obligated entities to meet their Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO), as mandated by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) under the Electricity Act 2003. The mechanism also aims at encouraging competition and eventually mainstreaming renewable energy sources. The tool is expected to bring in new investments into renewable energy projects and help introducing market-based competition in the renewable energy sector.

INDIA ELECTRICITY ACT 2003 & RPOs According to various analysts, it has been calculated that the rate at which India is growing, the country is expected to surpass Japan by 2032. As the Indian economy continues to grow, the Indian power sector is taking big strides to support this rapid pace of growth. Prior to 2003, before the introduction of the India Electricity Act, the country’s power sector was primarily characterised by state and central electricity boards as monopolists who had complete control. These boards were highly inefficient and therefore, were loss making bodies. However, the introduction of the government-led India Electricity Act 2003 has changed the entire scenario. The Act acted as a catalyst by recognising power trading as a distinct activity. It introduced the themes of open access for the very first

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time in India along with the objective of tapping the enormous potential of renewable energy. The Act has brought about an entire paradigm shift by restructuring the country’s power sector and introducing competition and increase efficiency. Under the Act, it is compulsory for SERC to purchase a certain proportion of their total power from renewable energy sources. These targets are defined as Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs). However, this obligation differs from state to state in the country due to the varying potential of renewable energy. If the utility company is unable to buy its share of renewable energy, it can compensate that by buying RECs from the market to make up for the shortfall.

TRADING OF RECs

Salient features of the Renewable Energy Certificate mechanism Renewable energy generators will have two options – either to sell renewable energy at preferential tariff fixed by the concerned electricity regulatory commission or to sell the electricity component and environmental attributes separately. On choosing the second option, the generator can sell the ‘electricity component’ to either the local distribution company at its average power purchase cost, the traders, open consumers or to the power exchanges at a mutually agreed/market determined price. In addition, the ‘environmental attributes’ can be exchanged in the form of REC. The Central Agency (the National Load Despatch Centre has been designated as Central Agency) will issue REC to renewable energy generators. One REC will be equivalent to 1 MWh of electricity injected into the grid. REC will be exchanged only in the power exchanges approved by CERC within the band of a minimum and a maximum price to be determined by CERC. CERC has already notified the price band. The distribution companies, open access consumer, captive power plants (CPPs) will have the option of purchasing the REC to meet their RPOs. There will also be compliance auditors to ensure compliance of the requirements of RECs by participants of the scheme.

POWER EXCHANGES PLATFORMS A robust power market is highly essential for the overall development and growth of the country’s power sector. In India, as notified by the government-run Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC), currently RECs are traded in two of the major power exchanges – Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) and Power Exchange India (PXIL). There are two types of RECs – solar RECs and non-solar RECs. The price range in which the RECs will be traded is set by government bodies and agencies. The government’s initiative to establish power exchanges in India has benefitted the country by ensuring payment security, promoting competition among stakeholders, reducing transaction costs by providing a common platform for trading and bringing about efficiency. Further, the government says it would come up with policy initiatives that will continue to promote competition, efficiency, restructuring and investment. Today, almost all state-owned bodies, independent power producers (IPPs) and captives are actively bidding on power exchanges; and the prices are well accepted. Though the power

market continues to play an important role in the power industry, they are still in a nascent stage and will take some time to mature.

ENERGY SECURITY According to government estimates, import dependence on oil is expected to rise to about 80 per cent by the end of the 12th Plan from 76 per cent in 2010-11. Import dependence on natural gas may increase from 19 per cent in 2010-11 to 28.4 per cent in 2016-17. In the case of coal, it will increase from 19.8 per cent in 201011 to about 22.1 per cent in 2016-17. These figures expose the huge potential of renewable energy sources in bringing down these numbers for imports. Presently, the share of new renewable energy in total commercial energy use is around 10 per cent. The share of new and renewable energy could go up to 15 per cent by 2020 and with initiatives like Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, which plans for a capacity of 22,000 MW by 2022, the figure for clean energy proportion for 2020 can rise even further. The REC mechanism is being

seen as one of the pioneering efforts in India for expanding the scope of renewable generation, thereby making it more demand and supply based and less dependent on government-driven schemes like tax concessions, subsidies and fiscal incentives. A basic problem with most renewable energy sources is that they are significantly more expensive than conventional power. However, continuous technological innovations are reducing the cost of renewable power generation. It is predicted that by 2019, the cost of solar electricity generation, which is currently about six times higher than coal-based electricity, will come down to be approximately equal to the latter. An Expert Group on low carbon strategies for inclusive growth, in its interim report, has estimated that emissions intensity of India’s GDP could go down by 23-33 per cent over 2005 levels by 2020, depending upon the intensity of the mitigation effort, while achieving the target of nine per cent GDP growth. arindam.ghosh@infomedia18.in

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POWER OUTLOOK

Empowering Empowering INDIA toto meet meet its its

Growing Growing Demands Demands

The Central Government, in a bid to attain sustainable growth paradigms, needs to take various steps towards empowering the country with sufficient power. First & foremost, it needs to take the states on board, initiate awareness about the existing issues and most importantly, focus on the renewal of the electrical power network. Once this is achieved, the power sector will have the backbone support to find ways to suffice the burgeoning power demand. NISHI RATH

ndia’s fast-paced economic growth and rapid rate of industrialisation and urbanisation have fuelled increased energy demand over the years. It has been estimated that if India continues to grow at the current rate, the Indian economy would emerge as the second largest in the world, next to China by 2050. It is, therefore, expected that the demand for energy would also rise substantially in the coming years. But are we ready?

INDUSTRY MIGHT SEE A HITCH Recently, global ratings agency, Fitch Ratings, in its ‘2012 Outlook: Indian Power’ report, said that various factors will result in a slowdown in the launch of new power generation projects this year; rise in fuel prices and higher interest rates are two of the main reasons.

The report added that the power sector will witness a slowdown, as the launch of new generation projects will slow down in 2012 because of lower investor interest over fuel availability, softening of merchant power prices, higher fuel costs, higher interest rates and slow progress on reforms at distribution level. About 8,000-10,000 MW of new capacity is expected to be added this year. In the report, Fitch Ratings also stated that access to capital would be restricted for weaker entities, including state power utilities (SPUs) and greenfield projects. Domestic fuel availability would be low as compared to the rising demand from power projects on account of environmental and land issues faced by Coal India, the report added. This would result in power project developers being increasingly dependent on imported coal. According to the report, the cost of imported coal and boiler

design will play an important role in deciding the overall use of imported coal and thus, the overall capacity that can be commissioned. Fitch Ratings, in the study, highlighted that the financial profile of SPUs is weak due to the lack of cost-reflective retail tariffs, delays in receipt of subsidy payments and high transmission and distribution losses. The overall book losses of all SPUs stood at Rs29,500 crore in FY10, as compared to Rs7,000 crore in FY06. Most of the losses were in the power distribution segment.

COAL INDIA CUTS PRICE Coming as a relief is Coal India reversing a price increase recently due to pressure from the Indian Government. The cost of coal saw a rise in January after the company switched to a new pricing mechanism that links local coal prices with global benchmarks. Reacting to it, power producers

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protested that it only worsened problems. Coal India would review the new pricing mechanism based on the impact of the price rollback on its revenue in the January-March quarter. Earlier, around 18 businessmen including Reliance Power Chairman Anil Ambani, Adani Power Chief Gautam Adani and Tata Group Deputy Chairman Cyrus Mistry met Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh

Launch of new generation projects will slowdown in 2012 because of the lower investor interest over fuel availability, softening of merchant power prices, higher fuel costs, higher interest rates and slow progress on reforms at the distribution level. Access to capital will be restricted for weaker entities including SPUs and greenﬁeld projects. seeking better access to fuel, primarily coal, to deal with a deteriorating power crunch. On the whole, India does not produce enough power to meet the needs of its fast-growing economy where the peak-hour deficit is around 12 per cent. Coal India aims to produce 464 million tonne in 2012-13. The Coal Ministry is also seeking a waiver of customs duties on coal imports, now at five per cent. Some of India’s biggest tycoons are set to make their case to Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh on how to resolve the country’s worsening electricity crisis, adding pressure on a government blamed for neglecting major policy initiatives.

THE REAL CHALLENGE Distribution, being the most critical segment of the electricity value chain, the real challenge of reforms in the power sector lies in efficient management of the same. In the recent past, the country’s distribution sector was reeling with high AT&C losses, which were of the order of 39 per

POWER OUTLOOK

cent in 2001-02, have reduced around 27 per cent during 2009-10. This is further expected to come down with applications of modern technology. For the development of electricity distribution sector, the Government of India has launched RestructuredAccelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (R-APDRP) and Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY). For the progressive growth of the electricity distribution sector, it is essential that the distribution sector should become revenue sustainable. Secondly, the magnitude of finances involved in the development and subsequent operation and maintenance of distribution infrastructure is quite substantial. In view of this, public private partnership (PPP) in electricity distribution needs to be encouraged in the coming years.

NEED OF THE HOUR To meet the increasing demand, there is not only a need to increase electricity generation capacity, but there is also a requirement to modernise and augment the existing thermal, hydel and other sources of energy. Presently,

energy shortages in the country. With the present efforts of the Ministry of Power, the capacity addition during this current plan is likely to be more than 50,000 MW, which would be the highest in any planned period.

FUTURE GOVERNMENT PLANS Various key inputs and equipment are required for aggressive capacity addition during 12th Five Year Plan. Availability of adequate number of vendors, public subcontractors and trained manpower for erection, operation & maintenance is essential. Also, adequate manufacturing and erection capabilities for main plant equipment and balance of plant for thermal projects need to be assured. With the initiative of the Ministry of Power, several new joint venture companies have been formed to manufacture supercritical boilers and turbine generators for thermal power plants.

ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN YEARS TO COME Private players have been successfully contributing in terms of capacity

POWER GENERATION: ADDING CAPACITY A shortage of coal can play a major hindrance from reaching its target of adding more than 75,000 MW capacity in the five years to March 2017, according to a government report in late 2011. In its 12th Five Year Plan ending March 2012, India will add only 52,063 MW, falling short of the targeted 62,374 MW. Coal accounts for more than half of India’s power generation and will be required for about 85 per cent of the target capacity addition in 2012-2017, the draft said. India has about 10 per cent of the world’s coal reserves, but has struggled to provide sufficient environmental clearances needed for mining and disputes over land acquisition. A shortage of domestic supply is likely to push up coal imports by four times to 213 million tonne in 2016-17 from 54 million tonne this fiscal year, the draft said.

the installed capacity in the country has increased from 1,362 MW in 1947 to about 1,85,500 MW at present. The demand for power has always exceeded the installed capacity, leading to

generation, which will increase in the coming years. During 10th Five Year Plan, the share of private sector was around 10 per cent. During 11th Five Year Plan, it will be about 32 per cent

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POWER OUTLOOK

and during 12th Five Year Plan, it will be more than 52 per cent, according to Honâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ble Union Power Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde. The private sector is also participating in building transmission schemes comprising of 400 kV and 765 kV lines, which have been awarded to private developers and are under various stages of implementation and more involvement of private sector in transmission is evident in the years to come.

important role for developing this sector. According to industry experts, the sector, which can be called the backbone of the economy, cannot become profitable until people participate. There should be initiatives taken to spread information about the sector and the problems it is facing. Also, energy storage should also be promoted and adaption & renewal of the electrical power network should become essential on all voltage levels.

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RENEWABLE ENERGY: FUTURE OF POWER

To meet the ever increasing demand for power, we need to take a holistic view. To bridge the demand-supply gap, several steps have to be taken. First and foremost, the government must take states on board. This move is highly critical as the power sector is still dominated by the states. And for this to happen, a proper system of collaborative arrangement is required. Awareness will also play an

Renewable energy is predicted to come up in a big way in various categories of the sector. The government is also taking steps to utilise the solar energy to meet the growing demand. In January 2010, the Centre launched the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, which targets setting up a generation capacity of 20,000 MW by 2022. With the demand growing every

day, the industry, on the whole, and government have huge plans to meet the same and bridge the gap between demand and supply. Several steps have been taken and many are on the verge of taking off. But it is only a matter of time before it is clear if the various steps taken are sufficient to meet the burgeoning demand.

CRUCIAL TIME AHEAD According to experts, several initiatives have to be taken to sustain the current power crisis. The power sector, which is reeling from fuel scarcity, calls for coal sector reforms, streamlining of land acquisition and pricing reforms. Rise in tariffs can only help to some extent. It is not a permanent solution. What is needed is something sustainable. Now, all eyes are set on the upcoming budget, as the industry hopes to find some ways to curb the burgeoning power demand. nisi.rath@infomedia18.in

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POWER INVESTMENTS

Building up to SUFFICE INDUSTRY DEMANDS Investments in the power sector, including new investments through equity/debt offerings and ﬁnancing by PE/VC ﬁrms, registered a 15 per cent increase in deal value with $46.2 billion in Q4 2011, as compared to $40.1 billion in Q3 2011. The number of deals also registered a 26 per cent increase from 195 in Q3 2011 to 245 in Q4 2011. Major companies also took initiatives towards capacity addition and supporting equipment manufacturing. Here’s a snapshot of some of the latest investments in the power sector... SUMEDHA MAHOREY

RELIANCE POWER Investment: `

10,000 crore

Purpose: Setting up the Samalkot plant having 2,400 MW power generation capacity Location: Andhra Pradesh Highlight: The `10,000-crore project would be the country’s largest gas-based plant. The Ministry of Power had recommended a gas allocation of 9.6 mmscmd per day for the plant. The Samalkot project is expected to add around six per cent to the southern region grid. More Information: The entire capacity is expected to be commissioned in a combined cycle by the end of 2012. Six gas turbines having a combined capacity of about 1,450 MW have already been installed taking into consideration that the gas allocation would be done shortly for the plant.

POWERGRID CORPORATION OF INDIA (PGCIL) Investment: `

5,000 crore

Purpose: Mundra UMPP Transmission System Location: Mundra, Gujarat Project: The company has commissioned the transmission system for evacuation of power from the first UMPP in the country. The system commissioned consists of the high capacity Mundra-Bachau-Ranchodpura 400 kV double circuit line along with 630 MVA Bachau 400/220 kV substation, part of the transmission system associated with Mundra UMPP. Highlight: About a 770 km transmission line has been commissioned and is ready to evacuate power from two units of Mundra UMPP (2X800MW) in normal condition and more than 1,200 MW in contingency. Investment: `

692.81 crore

Purpose: Setting up the National Optical Fibre Network Project: Power Grid’s Board approves ‘in principle’ the company’s equity participation in the proposed special purpose vehicle being created by the Department of Telecommunication for setting up the National Optical Fibre Network. More Information: In a regulatory filing, the company has informed that the equity participation, at present, would be limited up to 10 per cent ‘of the proposed paid up capital of `100 crore’. Meanwhile, the board has approved investments to the tune of `692.81 crore for various projects, including Western Region System Strengthening Scheme-XIII, at an estimated cost of `49.93 crore, with a commissioning schedule of 21 months. Power Grid would spend `552.44 crore for the transmission system for connectivity of Essar Power Gujarat with a commissioning schedule of 26 months from the date of investment approval. The company will also invest `90.44 crore for the common system associated with Coastal Energen and Ind-Barath Power (Madras) LTOA Generation Projects in Tuticorin area Part-A.

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POWER INVESTMENTS

MYTRAH ENERGY (INDIA) Investment: `

900 crore

Project: The company is set to augment capacity of about 150 MW through two wind farms Location: Andhra Pradesh Comment: “We have requested the Andhra Pradesh Government to increase the tariff for wind energy farms from `3.50 per unit to `4.50 per unit, which makes it financially viable for a wind energy operator. This is necessary to complete the ongoing projects in Andhra Pradesh, whose schedule for implementation is June 2012,” Vikram Kailas, MD, Mytrah Energy. Highlight: The company has signed up with the Andhra Pradesh Government for 2,800 MW over seven years with a total outlay of `17,500 crore.

POSCO

7.5 million

Investment: $

Location: Hyderabad Purpose: A new manufacturing facility that would cater to the sizeable electrical transformer industry through the supply of electrical-grade and cold-rolled steel laminations. More Information: A state government official said that the execution of the Hyderabad project was a low-key affair, considering the size of the investment.

GREENKO GROUP PLC & GE ENERGY FINANCIAL SERVICES

563 crore

Investment: `

Purpose: 500 MW of wind power generation Project: The venture, called Greenko Wind Project, will be a subsidiary of Greenko, which will invest $65 million. GE will pump in the remaining $50 million. More Information: The proposed 500 mw will be part of Greenko’s targeted installed capacity of 1.6 gigawatts (gw) of wind, small hydro and biomass projects by 2017. The company’s present operational capacity is 183 mw.

SIEMENS Investment: `

200 crore

Purpose: Two manufacturing factories Location: Goa Project: The factories will manufacture energy automation products for industries, utilities, power plants, infrastructure and cities. The factories, which would produce equipment for power generation, transmission and distribution, will have their own in-house research & development units. Comment: “The two new factories in Goa are examples of Siemens’ focus on manufacturing excellence and our efforts to increase our domestic footprint. We now have 21 factories in India, in addition to 56 sales offices, and we stand committed to meet the growing demands of India and subsequently, of similar markets around the world,” said Armin Bruck, MD, Siemens India. sumedha.mahorey@infomedia18.in

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OPINIONS & MORE

SMART ENERGY TRANSITION can be a catalyst for

GROWTH

“In order to manage this growing demand for energy, which India has, renewable energy technologies from Germany could play an important role,” says Prof Dr Claudia Kemfert Kemfert,, Head of Department – Department of Energy, Transportation, Environment & Professor of Energy Economics and Sustainability, HSoG, DIW Berlin (German Institute for Economic Research), in an exclusive interaction with Arindam Ghosh. Ghosh. Excerpts…

WITCHING TO ALTERNATIVE SOURCES

Fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal are limited and release harmful greenhouse gases when burnt. Around three-quarters of all greenhouse gases are generated by industrialised regions and countries like the US, Europe and Japan. To keep climate change at bay, developed nations must succeed in dramatically reducing greenhouses gases and replacing fossil fuels with alternative energy sources. The rapidly growing economies in China and India are extremely energy hungry. The demand for energy is very high in these regions, but we need sustainable energy for all. Moreover, new technologies coming in show that economic growth is possible by decoupling energy production and energy consumption. The financial crisis has definitely changed the world. We should see this as an opportunity

because climate protection is our way out of the crisis. Climate protection drives the economy and creates jobs; whether in low-emission energy technology, energy production such as we observe in the renewable energies sector or sustainable mobility; climate protection; energy or financial services.

CLIMATE PROTECTION Companies have long been judged on their middle- and long-term goals and their sustainable approach to energy and environment. Those companies that succeed in meeting the key challenges of climate protection, sustainable energy and raw materials will lead the future because investors will be looking even more carefully at where their money is going after negative experiences they had in the financial markets. Companies that are already targeting sustainable energies and climate protection will come out of crisis stronger.

ECONOMIC CRISIS – A CONCERN The German Government has launched its energy transition initiative, which presents huge challenges, but also offers enormous opportunities. Smart energy transition can be a catalyst for growth, but then there are certain concerns such as ‘Can Germany afford to implement an energy transition in times of economic and financial turbulence? Will businesses flee the country? Are blackouts and exploding energy costs on the horizon? Is energy transition in danger?’ The financial crisis is, in fact, currently overshadowing the necessary changes occurring during energy transition. The latter is nonetheless proceeding at a steady pace, particularly expansion of renewable energies. Additionally, new power plant capacity is being added to replace nuclear energy. Germany does not like nuclear power; it fears that the danger

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is too high. The country has set new goals for developing new technologies in energy efficiency. Renewable energy adoption is also continuing to expand, thanks to continued subsidies under the Renewable Energy Act. Subsidy rates for photovoltaics have been trimmed to control costs, but there are correspondingly higher financial incentives for expanding wind energy and biomass fuels â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the cornerstones of the planned energy transition. Nonetheless, the financial crisis could hit the energy transition where it counts, by slowing necessary infrastructure investments.

INITIATIVES TAKEN BY GERMANY With Germany strongly pushing for renewable and energy-efficient technologies, the government has offered a lot of incentives for companies to invest in. Because of oil scarcity and the growing demand for sustainable energy globally, we need technologies in this direction. The good news is that

OPINIONS & MORE

there is a huge market to tap and this huge market brings with it sufficient incentives for companies to invest in this crucial transformation.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR GERMAN COMPANIES IN INDIA This will simultaneously bring huge opportunities, huge economic challenges and huge scope for technological developments. I believe that the driver of all this is not emission reduction, but sustainable economic development. In order to sustain economic development, energy efficiency is important and developing new technology in energy saving is crucial. Soon we will have to shift from fossil fuel-based energy to alternative energy sources. I mean each country in the world is facing this situation.

SECTORS IN INDIA THAT CAN BEST LEVERAGE ON GERMAN TECHNOLOGIES In the short run, I believe that it will

be in the areas of energy efficiency and sustainable energy development. In order to manage this growing demand for energy, which India has, I think renewable energy technologies from Germany could play an important role. In India, renewable energy can play an important role in combination with energy efficiency and also intelligent energy systems to reduce energy deficit. In short, sustainable energy supply, sustainable mobility and energy efficiency are going to be norms going forward.

ENHANCING BILATERAL TIES There is already a huge cooperation between both the countries in the renewable energy space; for example, solar power. There is also a huge cooperation between the two countries in developing intelligent infrastructure. Going ahead, this relationship is bound to grow stronger. arindam.ghosh@infomedia18.in

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Bottlenecks In The

POWER SECTOR Threaten To Slow India’s GDP

Growth Rate “Accelerated development of the Indian power sector is central to realising the country’s GDP growth potential and requires investments across all sources of renewable & conventional energy that will help achieve an energy-efﬁcient and sustainable economy,” believes Rajiv Mishra, MD, CLP India during an interaction with Sumedha Mahorey. Excerpts...

OUR EXPERIENCE IN THE INDIAN POWER SECTOR

India continues to present significant long-term development opportunities aligned with the overall upward trajectory of social and economic development. There are indicators, such as the weakness of the Indian Rupee, the Union Government’s Budget deficit and disruptions in coal supplies, which indicate that the power sector in India may go through a period of turbulence. Nonetheless, CLP has gained considerable experience in the Indian market over the past decade, while other foreign energy players have either withdrawn or stayed away. Our existing gas-fired power station in Paguthan, the progress of our greenfield coal-fired power station project in Jhajjar and the growth of our wind energy portfolio mean that CLP has a broad presence in the Indian power sector and the capabilities to grab opportunities as they arise. We are one of the largest foreign power investors in the Indian power sector with over 2,700 MW equity interest in power projects in the country. Every decision made is to accomplish our vision of improving the quality of power generation and making operations sustainable in India.

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INDIAN MARKET DEMAND DYNAMICS

BRIDGING THE DEMAND SUPPLY GAP

Despite the strong GDP growth and improved regulatory environment, the Indian power sector currently faces some serious challenges – the primary ones include availability of fuel and land, as well as the financial health of the state distribution utilities. If not addressed at the earliest, there is a serious danger of the sector becoming unattractive to financial institutions and investors alike. In terms of availability of fuel, gas is available in regassified LNG, but it is expensively priced. In case of gas, there is availability, but the problem pertains to affordability. In the case of coal, it is both. There is clearly a shortage in the domestic market, but we have just synchronised our first coal unit. For the entire 1,320 MW, we have 5.2 million tonne linkage with Coal India. At the moment, we have received coal only for commissioning. The period of steady supply has not started. But it is clear that the solution will be a combination of supply from CIL as well as imports. For instance, we have been recently informed by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) that our plant will have to import 1 mt in 2012-13. That tells you the expected shortfall from domestic sources. Land is an issue because of the density of the population. Power projects at one time were distributed state-wise and not based on the availability of the fuel. Slowly, we are getting to a situation where power companies are trying to locate projects in the fuel-bearing areas as far as possible. This is further contributing to the environmental clearances issue, as power plants are being set up in and around densely populated towns and villages. To ensure that 2012 is better than 2011 for the power producers, the environment v/s development debate must arrive at a balanced conclusion, soon. The central responsibility of making this happen lies with the government.

We are optimistic about the Indian power market in the long-term. There is tremendous scope because India has one of the lowest per capita consumption in the emerging world. As mentioned earlier, the supply of fuel continues to be a challenge along with the off taker’s ability to pay. For any new investment, we have to make sure that those two are in place. We would happily invest in projects which mitigate these two risks. It is a very project-specific philosophy that we adopt. In the current market, we will be happy to bid for a domestic coalfired ultra-mega power plant (UMPP), which comes with its own coal mine. But in projects, where one or both are not present, it would difficult to get the Board’s approval. We will be interested only in pit head ultra-mega power plants.

YOUR PLANS FOR THE INDIAN MARKET We tend not to have MW targets. Inevitably, we have found that we are more limited by the availability of attractive projects to invest in, rather than cash. However, I am cautiously optimistic about our prospects here. If things go as per plan, we could easily double or triple our investments over the next five years. This growth will be powered by both conventional as well as renewables sources. In the conventional space, we plan to bid for the UMPP that is proposed for Orissa and will look to add around 1,000 MW at our 655 MW gas-fired power plant in Gujarat. In addition to these, we have land to more than double the capacity of our 1,320 MW coal-fired power plant in Jhajjar, Haryana, however, it is too early to comment on the specifics of this potential. In the renewables space, we will continue to invest in wind, with a target of 200-300 MW every year that will take it from 740 MW today to around 2,000 MW over the next five years. We are evaluating a couple of

specific opportunities in solar and will make investments in this space in the near future.

OF CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS One has to acknowledge that the progress of the power sector in the last five years has been hugely creditable. The policy regulator environment has also improved significantly. However, given the current scenario, the power sector’s sustainability hinges on key factors like availability of fuel and land, environmental clearance issues, which have made the sector look unattractive to several financial institutions. Bottlenecks in the power sector threaten to slow India’s GDP growth rate. Most of these problems do not have a magic solution, but at the same time, none are beyond resolution, with a strong will.

TAPPING THE RENEWABLE OPPORTUNITY I believe that accelerated development of the Indian power sector is central to realising the country’s GDP growth potential and requires investments across all sources of renewable & conventional energy that will help achieve an energy-efficient and sustainable economy. Renewable energy sources will play a vital role in building an adequate and responsible power infrastructure over the next few years. We have been making deliberate efforts to minimise reliance on conventional coal-fired generation to the extent possible and increase the share of noncarbon emitting sources in our portfolio to 20 per cent of our generating capacity. Wind has been a key thrust area for us over the past 4-5 years and we are committed to growing this part of our portfolio in India by 200-300 MW every year. Earlier this year, we announced a 100.8 MW wind power project in Rajasthan, thus growing our wind power portfolio in India from 638.8 MW to 740 MW. sumedha.mahorey@infomedia18.in

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Photo Credit: Hager SE

Information Technology Will Have A MASSIVE IMPACT On The POWER SECTOR “It is not the basic technology that is required in the Indian market; rather, reliable technology is required here. We have tested such technologies in many markets, and we will bring these technologies after adapting them to meet speciﬁc Indian needs,” needs,” asserts Daniel Hager, Hager, CEO, Hager SE, during a conversation with Sumedha Mahorey. Mahorey. Excerpts...

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HAT ATTRACTS YOU TO THE INDIAN MARKET?

There is so much to do in the Indian market. People need to use electricity in a better and cleaner manner. We ought to be smarter and rethink our way of adapting our solutions to meet the specific needs of this market. This has been a huge and exciting challenge taking into consideration the 1.2 billion population. Indians are educated, smart and have a lot to bring to the international market. I am looking forward to integrating and imbibing Indian knowledge and skills into our corporate structure & organisation.

PRODUCT RANGE FOR THE INDIAN MARKET We are into the business of distribution boards. We sell MCDs, residual current devices (RCDs), timers and everything that goes into the making of distribution boards. We also make electrical insulation for buildings. Additionally, we have a new range of wiring accessories from a company that we acquired in 2010. Besides, we also have products in the field of home automation.

FOCUS AREA FOR INDIA Today, we are focussing on the ground up development of India and the basic needs of the market, like the basic distribution board. This is a key need for the Indian market. The smart grid will revolutionise the way energy distribution is done today. We need metering, electronics and control systems that facilitate the interchange of different inter-phases. For example, in a modern home, we will have solar panels, energy from a grid and, at the same time, we will have an electric car in the garage. In the future, we will want to monitor homes to have comfortable lighting, shades and security. Thus, it is a whole set up and its one system that the end user will require to live in this

OPINIONS & MORE

home of tomorrow with reliable and secure energy. This, in turn, poses a major challenge to telecommunication elements that move into the distribution board â&#x20AC;&#x201C; metering functions and control functions required in the distribution boards. So, it is not only about protecting the line, it is much more. We currently have a lot of test trials in both Germany and France, where we test energy storage, production, smart grid functionalities and home comfort solutions to make the future a reality.

MARKET OUTLOOK FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS Electronics is the key. We need to master electronics and the best of the technologies present in the market. IT will be one of the elements that will have a massive impact on the power sector. These elements have to be bundled somewhere.

PLANS FOR THE INDIAN MARKET We have to strengthen our offering with new products, thereby making it a whole solution. We are on our way to achieve the same. We are expanding the distribution boards with some functionality to have cleaner and more reliable power at home. When it comes to building automation solutions, our application range is expanding. Currently, we are in the expansion mode in India. We built our factory in 2008 and presently, have over 200 employees, which will go up to 300 by the end of 2012. We are currently looking at building a third small manufacturing & assembly plant in Pune that will be manufacturing and assembling RCDs, which will protect people from electrocution. We will be growing according to the capacity and needs of the Indian market.

BUILDING AUTOMATION FOR POWER With respect to automation for power, it is not the basic technology that is required in the Indian market; rather, reliable technology is required here.

UP,

CLOSE &

PERSONAL What motivates you? My motivation today is that there are 2 billion people who do not have access to proper electricity. I think this is a huge driver for growth. Electricity is the driver that makes the world grow, and development is a key element. How will we live tomorrow on this planet is a big question. Electricity can answer a lot of these questions with regards to better, efficient and greener living. As of now, there are two elements that are driving growth â&#x20AC;&#x201C; development and cleaner, sustainable growth. I think with our solutions, we will be able to cater to both these elements. Message to competitors Fair competition is always good. We have good competitors on an international basis. Competition makes the market progress. I like competition and I keep looking forward to it in the market. We have tested such technologies in many markets, and we will bring these technologies after adapting them to meet specific Indian needs. These needs are not overwhelmingly different from those of other countries. We are just getting the best out of the wide basket of over 90,000 references, bringing it to the Indian market and adapting it to meet specific Indian needs. Here, people do not have the money to afford certain solutions, and so, we have to bring in optimised solutions that respond to their specific needs. sumedha.mahorey@infomedia18.in

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We always want to be close to our customers reduce cycle time, integrate PLM and shorten the manufacturing cycle. We will also integrate PLM, supply chain and therefore we are working to build up our portfolio when it comes to engineering, manufacturing and management execution software. In the next few years, we will be providing solutions to our customers for their benefit.

z Kaul stems Karlhein ol Components & Sy ontr AG CEO-- C ng, Siemens ri e e in Eng

“We have to fulﬁll the market demand with the right technology. This is what we are really focussing on but this takes time,” asserts Karlheinz Kaul, CEOControl Components & Systems Engineering, Siemens AG during an exclusive interaction with Sumedha Mahorey. Excerpts…

OUR EXPERIENCE IN THE INDIAN MARKET

The Indian market has witnessed a clear shift from mechanicaloriented products to electronic ones. We have always held our customers in high esteem and have always wanted to be close to them. In fact, we have two focus points pertaining to this – first and foremost is making our customers’ life easier and secondly, equipping our customers with technologies that will help them perform better in the very competitive Indian market. In short, we are making our customers more productive to survive and compete against their competitors.

TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK Technology is a part of innovation, but we also have to look at our processes. In the coming five years, we would be witnessing a strong thrust on R&D, engineering and manufacturing. If we want to reduce the time to market and if we want to reduce the lifecycle cost,

R&D, engineering and manufacturing will be the next step of innovation in our portfolio. To achieve this, there are multiple factors that we have to consider. The most important aspect to consider is the market dynamics. To be close to the market, we have to have engineers, product management in the country as we have to understand the demand as well as the requirement of our customers. That’s why we are heavily investing in R&D. At Kalwa, Mumbai, we have opened a new R&D lab and are hiring engineers to take up more R&D work in the country itself. What is more important is that we have the global technology available but it has to be adaptable to the local needs. And this is what we are doing in India. We have also taken up R&D initiatives to serve the global markets from India.

YOUR VISION FOR THE NEXT DECADE We will be focussing on the customer needs. The customer needs will change in the next 10 years, therefore we want to focus on customer needs,

SWITCHGEAR DEMAND TRENDS Ours is primarily a derived market. It works on an analogy, if we decrease the price of the switchgear; the consumption is not going to rise. Therefore the primary demand driver is investments in power. So, if we have a new power plant, there is a derived demand across the chain and that increases the overall electrical market. Therefore, we are upbeat about the plans that the government is making towards increasing the power capacity. Moreover, a sustained infrastructure development related to power will dramatically increase our market demand as well as our products. What is important in the process is to convert the plans into reality. In order to bridge the gap that we have been witnessing since years in India right from the announcement of plans to its actual implementation, all concerned parties should put their resources together to ensure that everyone is working towards building the infrastructure of India. We should also not forget that with more capability to generate energy, we also need to save energy and achieve sustainability. We have to fulfill the market demand with the right technology. This is what we are really focussing on but this takes time. We are confident that we are offering our customers the right technology as well as products and are serving the markets in a competitive spirit. sumedha.mahorey@infomedia18.in

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In the AUTOMATION SPACE, we are one of the Largest Integrators NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FUTURE

gava , SC Bhar ctrical & Automation Ele Sr VP – Toubro & n e rs La

“Our ambition is to make sure that we have products, which deliver customer satisfaction. At the same time, we are also looking at foreign countries where our products can ﬁnd applicability,” informs SC Bhargava, Sr VP – Electrical & Automation, Larsen & Toubro, during an interaction with Sumedha Mahorey. Excerpts...

OUR PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

Increased connectivity is a theme being imbibed across all the products and we have got connectivity taking place in different protocols. In fact, we are one of the first companies to have got our products tested by Profibus International. Another area which we are working on is safety. The products we are manufacturing today are used in most of the segments including agriculture, industrial, building, utilities, OEMs, etc. Safety is a major concern in all these verticals. We also have a switchboard – T-era, which is designed to the highest safety standard and is required by companies like Shell in the oil & gas sector.

LV SWITCHGEARS DYNAMICS This is one product that is used by every customer. The fact that we have

a poor electrical system increases the requirement for switchgears. This is because when the motors are used as loads, due to lower voltage, these motors draw more current and can thereby lead to failures. We have to ensure that the right protective equipment is in place. Switchgears carry current, break it and stop it as well. They also provide protection. Another area that is coming up is that of data connectivity in each of these products, which give out information regarding energy consumption to the central control for monitoring, thereby bringing in energy efficiencies.

Product development is a key activity at L&T. In fact, 15% of people, mostly, the young staff, are working on new product development to help the company gain a competitive advantage.

In the automation space, we are one of the largest integrators. We will be integrating data connectivity for traffic regulatory systems by integrating video inputs through camera and video systems. Our automation solutions can be used for highway traffic management. We are also into complete automation solutions for the power plant. Manufacturing is a key focus sector for automation. Automation is done for two reasons – reducing the amount of manual effort and maintaining consistency & quality. If India needs to become a manufacturing giant, we have to ensure that automation is in place. Automation also brings about safety. I am a firm believer that safety cannot be implemented just by policy initiatives, we have to practice safety at large levels.

COMPETITIVE WINDS IN THE INDUSTRY As far as the distribution and automation space is concerned, we are clearly No.1. The industry is highly consolidated and is led by four key players who control 60-65 per cent of market share. Our ambition and single point focus is to make sure that we have products, which deliver customer satisfaction. At the same time, we are also looking at foreign countries where our products can find applicability.

MARKET EXPANSION PLANS Every year, we are looking at adding more countries to our existent market. In the manufacturing zone, we currently have 11 plants, of which 5 are located in India, while the remaining 6 are based outside the country. We have just built a factory at Baroda, which will get ready in the next 2-3 months. This plant will be commissioned shortly.

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We will continue to make INVESTMENTS in INDIA R&D IN THE POWER SECTOR

me,

-Guillau

Poux Grégoire t, Alstom

n Preside

Grid

“Companies need to ﬁnd a way and make the grid more intelligent by bringing in the smart grid concept, which has the ability to manage ﬂuctuations in generation,” articulates Grégoire Poux-Guillaume, President, Alstom Grid, during an interaction with Sumedha Mahorey. Excerpts...

I am not sure if India lags behind on the R&D front. If we look at the Indian network, it is one of the highest voltage transmission networks in the world. India has substations from 400 kV to 765 kV. Apart from India only China has this kind of capacity. From this perspective, India, in specific parts of the market, has some of the most advanced technologies. On other avenues, India may be lagging behind, but we have localised technologies and are ready to face the challenges as the Indian market matures and decides to look forward to various solutions. Also, to tackle Indian issues, we have brought in everything latest in this technology, which are produced locally – be it 765 kV generation or smart technology in the whole transmission grid.

RENEWABLE INITIATIVES

MART GRID TECHNOLOGIES

We have many products that are applicable to the Indian market, which are more applicable as compared to the local products available here. One such product is HVDC, a direct current high voltage transmission line used for power transmission over long distances. This is an apt technology for connecting different states as well as connecting renewable sources of energy from one part of India to the consumption centres in any other state. We are also present in network stability. India has very aggressive plans to introduce nearly 1,0001,200 PMUs (measurement units) – which is same as the requirement in the US – over the next three years. This clearly indicates that India is making significant investment. With the use of this information, we are prepared to manage the Indian network

more effectively and would thus be able to efficiently put more electricity into the same network. We have recently introduced an all new relay technology used for digital substations, which will bring about this efficiency in the network system. We will continue to make investments wherever there is a business opportunity in India.

COMPETITION DYNAMICS We have recently changed from Areva T&D to Alstom Grid. We used to own this business and had rented it out to another company for some years. But now, we are back. We have become a T&D player as well as a power generation equipment provider. We are working in the wind, solar, coal and gas sectors. We have a deep understanding of various fuels and technologies, which allows us to tackle the Indian challenge from both ends.

India plans to introduce 45 GW of wind and solar power between now and 2022. What we bring with smart grids is the ability to integrate into the network, which is very important as people sometimes forget that renewables are a great opportunity considering the fact that it lowers carbon footprints. However, at the same time, these renewable sources of energy also bring instability, a great challenge for the grid as the wind does not blow all the time, neither does the sun shine all the time. In such a scenario, companies need to find a way and make the grid more intelligent by bringing in the smart grid concept, which has the ability to manage fluctuations in generation. We are thus tackling the power sector on both the ends, i.e., from the power supply side by bringing in supply technology and from the grid side by making sure that renewable energy is integrated into the grid.

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OPINIONS & MORE

Almost 6-7% Of Our Revenue Goes Into RESEARCH And DEVELOPMENT “Our innovations will always be towards making systems and solutions simpler for customers to handle,” says Pradeep Karnik, VP – Industry BU, Schneider Electric India, during a brief interaction with Sumedha Mahorey. Excerpts… charged based on their consumption, but if we are able to save and give back the power, we get refunded. This trend will take about 3-4 years to be established. Even worldwide, smart grid technology has not received a major impetus. Considering India, it will take at least a minimum five years at this rate to actually get developed. Right now, talks have been initiated; the government and major associations are taking interest in this direction. Additionally, solar is also on the rise along with wind energy.

OMPETITION DYNAMICS IN INDIA

The Indian market is highly competitive. If we take a single product and compare it with those of the others, there will be absolutely no difference and even if there is a difference, it would be minimal. In such a scenario, competitiveness is bound to arise as, unlike the others, we do not emphasise on the price of the product; rather, we prove its value to customers. Moreover, Indian services are not appreciated as the general idea is that services should be free. But we make customers realise how services matter and how we will add value to them by offering them superior services.

UPCOMING TRENDS A major trend that will arise is the power factor correction and the harmonic correction, i.e., the quality of power. This will come within a year. Another upcoming concept is that of the smart grid, where we become consumers as well as producers. Companies are

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT THE SMART WAY We strongly believe in innovation. Almost 6-7 per cent of our revenue goes into research and development. Customers require simple products; they cannot handle too many complexities because processes themselves are becoming complex. Thus, our innovations will always be towards making systems and solutions simpler for customers to handle. In fact, all our products are being developed only from this point of view.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT ESSENTIALS The five key points one needs to keep in mind during product development are: The sector we want to target The exact customer requirement What value we can add for customers What benefits we can offers to our customers How we can optimise on it, make it

simple and cost effective, so that when a customer goes to the market, he finds it attractive?

MARKET DEMAND TRENDS According to our studies and analyst reports, the food & beverages and pharmaceutical industries will witness robust growth in the next two years. In food & beverages, major innovations will come in terms of the supply chain, as almost about 10-15 per cent of the product losses occur from production to distribution. That leaves huge scope for improvement. Also, the packaged food segment will grow with the growth in nuclear families. As far as pharma is concerned, by its natural succession, it will grow. Another fact is that about 5,000 patents will get released and drugs will become generic. India is very good in the production of generic drugs and with this, the market will grow fivefold. The third market is that of wastewater treatment. In our view, with the growth in population and the need to build smart cities, there will be a greater requirement for water solutions. We believe that there will be a requirement for desalinisation plants. However, the biggest area, which will have to grow, would be infrastructure.

STRATEGIES FOR THE INDIAN MARKET Oil & gas, wastewater, mining metals and minerals, food & beverages and infrastructure are the major areas that we will be focussing on. sumedha.mahorey@infomedia18.in

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OPINIONS & MORE

The TIME has come for a SMARTER GRID

Energy akkar Gagan K r – Digital Energy, GE eade Sales L

“Smart Grid Solutions enables utilities to increase energy productivity and power reliability while empowering customers to better manage their electricity consumption and costs through real-time knowledge exchange,” avers Gagan Kakkar, Sales Leader – Digital Energy, GE Energy during an interaction with Sumedha Mahorey. Excerpts...

ECENT TRENDS IN ENERGY MANAGEMENT

From a T&D perspective, GE realises that the time has come for a smarter grid. It necessitates the integration of two infrastructures – the Electrical Infrastructure with the Information Infrastructure. It leads the efforts to provide a power system operating in a coordinated, efficient and reliable manner, automatically responding to critical electrical and economic conditions, serves customers enabling timely, secure and adaptable information flow.

SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT Smart Grid solutions enables utilities to increase energy productivity and power reliability while empowering customers to better manage their electricity consumption and costs through realtime knowledge exchange. This helps

electricity customers lower their carbon footprints, without having to compromise on lifestyle or habits. Call it ‘Demand Side Management’ or call it ‘Time of Use’ Pricing, Optimising them brings in choices around comfort and cost. There is no greater hassle for electricity customers than power outage. The suite of smart grid products and technologies (including and not limited to distribution management and outage management) help maximising system uptime, while also helping the utility more quickly to restore power to homes and businesses in the event of an outage. This Delivery Optimisation, hence, not only improves reliability, but also reduces losses by better visibility and management. Smart Grid is a journey, not a destination. Smart Grid solutions enable utilities to increase energy productivity and power reliability while empowering customers to better manage

their electricity consumption and costs through real-time knowledge exchange. This helps electricity customers lower their carbon footprints, without having to compromise lifestyle or habits. The smart grid is not a ‘product’, but rather a strategic collection of smart devices and applications applied to the grid that provide an abundance of real-time information on the performance of the grid and allow for smarter and faster decisions to be made.

CAPITALISING ON OPPORTUNITIES With the growth in Power Generation planned in the XII five year plan and the overall investment in new technologies – 1200 kV transmission, focus on renewable energy (solar and wind) and distributed power generation, opens up huge opportunities for any serious player in the T&D segment. A lot has been talked about with respect to the energy demand and the next 5-10 years would see investment in technology adoption and implementation as well as unique solutions emerging in metering, communications, distribution and renewable energy areas.

PLANS FOR THE INDIAN MARKET GE Energy is very excited on the growth of the Indian Power sector and would leverage its technology innovation and portfolio diversity to bring clean energy solutions across the entire spectrum of power generation & transmission. We will continue to pursue lowest cost of energy production in the cleanest form for all our customers in the Indian market.

BRIDGING THE DEMAND-SUPPLY GAP We will continue to drive investments in cutting-edge technology as well as differentiate ourselves with leading technology in production, efficiency and reliability.

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OPINIONS & MORE

POWER is the silent driving force of the ECONOMY Power for all would help us bring the complete population into the mainstream. Only if power is available, can other game changing services like telecom, broadband internet access and banking, among others, can reach the last mile. Power is critical to take education to the remote corners using technology.

ar Roy, ion Alok Kumce Power Transmiss lian CEO, Re

“Providing power to all has to be viewed as provisioning of modules on a ‘plug and play’ concept. Power for all would help us bring the complete population into the mainstream,” says Alok Kumar Roy, CEO, Reliance Power Transmission, during an interaction with Nishi Rath. Excerpts...

RIDGING THE POWER DEMAND-SUPPLY GAP

Power Transmission assets – transmission lines and sub-stations, bring generation plants of all types together to the distribution network. It is the transmission assets that transform the isolated elements of the country’s Power System together into one National Grid. Hydro plants in the North East can supply power to the hungry industrial consumers in the West.

Private players would be able to bring additional capital, more human resources, innovative practices, faster implementation and lower costs, thus reducing the landed cost of power to the end consumer.

Similarly, generation plants feeding on coal reserves in central India and other locations get to supply to consumers from Kerala to Jammu & Kashmir. An integrated network also reduces the overall cost of power as power scheduling can now be fully based on economics and not on system constraints. The integrated network also reduces the difference between off-peak and peak load requirements, thereby improving utilisation of generation plants and reducing the requirement of installing newer plants

YOUR TAKE ON ‘POWER FOR ALL BY 2012’ Power is the silent driving force of the economy. When available, no one thinks about it, but when it is scarce, it affects everyone. Providing power to all has to be viewed as provisioning of modules on a ‘plug and play’ concept.

Power for all would help us bring the complete population into the mainstream. Only if power is available, can other game changing services like telecom, broadband internet access and banking, among others, can reach the last mile. Power is critical to take education to the remote corners using technology.

OPPORTUNITIES YOU ARE LOOKING FORWARD TO TAP IN THE NEXT 5 YEARS… The Tariff Policy has now been amended to make competition compulsory in the central sector and the same would be extended to state sector in two years. Private players would be able to bring additional capital, more human resources, innovative practices, faster implementation and lower costs, thus reducing the landed cost of power to the end consumer. As a first mover, having understood the real challenges on the ground, we are confident about gaining maximum share from the large business opportunity (approx Rs2,00,000 crore) in the transmission sector in the next five years.

MESSAGE TO COMPETITORS Big opportunities await all – clean, positive and all-inclusive growth is possible without being adventurous.

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OPINIONS & MORE

We are Technology and not

PRICE LEADERS

Thomas

Wittek,

nics

r Electro

Sola dia, Refu nd GM In

CEO a

“With over 45 years of experience in power electronics, we are conﬁdent of tapping the opportunities in the growing Indian economy,” avers Thomas Wittek, CEO and GM India Refu Solar Electronics, during an interaction with Nishi Rath. Excerpts…

OLAR MARKET AND INDIA

The solar market is growing and going by the latest figures, it might be in the range of 22-23 GW worldwide. Definitely growth compared to last year is slow. Even though the markets in big countries like Germany and Spain are witnessing a downturn as compared to last year, we can still say that there is huge scope. For example, in Germany, installation last year was around 7.5 GW, but, this year, it has come down to 5.3 GW. If we compare the same with India, we might talk about 120 or 130 MW. You can see the huge difference between German and Indian markets. However, the potential in the Indian market is much bigger than the present. In India, it is mainly an issue of financial closure. Hence, it is difficult to get a solar project financed. From the way things are progressing, it looks

like banks do not have faith in the potential of these projects. There has to be more confidence in technology and government. I feel that with every plant being installed in India, confidence in it will grow in the financial market.

EXPANSION PLANS IN INDIA With over 45 years of experience in power electronics, we are confident of tapping the opportunities in the growing Indian economy. We had set up our company at Pune in India in 2011. We are also setting up company facility in terms of R&D as well as manufacturing in Pune and have employed around 10 R&D engineers here. The investment we are planning at present is between `40 and `60 crore. We have also opened our dedicated local offices in Hyderabad and New Delhi in addition to the Mumbai office. Although REFUsol already delivers to the Indian market, local production will commence this year,

with deliveries from the Indian facilities planned for early 2012. We are targeting big companies in the utility scale projects and are also doing groundwork on the local government. Our invertors are converting solar power into quick & usable power and our efficiency rate is very high. India is going in the direction where solar energy will be at the same cost as conventional energy. This will take some time, but it is fast heading in this direction. We manufacture string invertors as well as central invertors up to the range of 1.3 MW. We will soon start our first R&D and manufacturing project at our office in Pune.

TACKLING COMPETITION There are a few German, Italian and American companies, among others, which we meet in every market. But our Indian competitors are doing well…and yes, Chinese companies are not far behind. I do not see it as a threat, but one should never underestimate anyone. We are technology driven and have products with the highest efficiency rate. Besides, I believe that it is important for foreign companies to bring in their latest products to various countries, like India. A country like India should get the latest technology.

SUCCESS STRATEGIES We are market leaders in string invertors with a market share of around 50-60 per cent in the category. We have plans to grow in the same as well as other categories like central invertors. Our strategy to be successful will be high technology, good quality, reliability and, at the same time, market price. But again, we are technology and not price leaders. nisi.rath@infomedia18.in

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PRODUCT UPDATE

This section gives information about products, equipment and services available in the market. If you know what you want. . . refer to Product Index on Page 68 to find it quickly

PRESET COUNTER

his preset counter has DIN-sized enclosure for panel mounting. It has front and rear reset facility, hold and restart facility available, along with overvoltage protection. There is an input signal from proximity switch (NPN/ PNP) or limit switch (potential-free). There is also a digital display with up counting. For example in model CT5, the source voltage is 85 V to 270 V AC/DC, and time range is from 1 to 99,999 counts.

Electronic Automation Pvt Ltd Bengaluru - Karnataka Tel: 080-28567561 Email: info@eaplindiamail.net Website: www.eapindia.com

CABLE GLANDS

he SKINTOP SOLAR cable glands have shock resistance, which can be achieved by using a polycarbonate compound. These are ﬂ ame-

retardant and self-extinguishing in case of ﬁ re. The temperature ranges from -40 to +125°C. The cable glands have resistance in hot conditions, ice, snow or rain. Th is is supplemented by outstanding strain relief. These can easily withstand even the strains caused by wind and ice. With IP68-5 bar protection rating, the cable glands provide optimum protection against water and dust. These can be used in photovoltaic systems.

Lapp India Pvt Ltd Bengaluru - Karnataka Tel: 080-30560000 Email: sales@lappindia.com Website: www.lappindia.com

CONTROL VECTOR DRIVE

he model V1000 control vector drive is compact, technologically advanced, environmentally responsible package capable of driving induction and synchronous motor. It employs dual CPU concept that is 4 times faster and improves motor

control performance especially in vector control applications. It has dual microprocessor for faster control and stores last 10 faults.

Larsen & Toubro Ltd Mumbai - Maharashtra Tel: 022-67054902 Email: karthikm@lntebg.com Website: www.lntebg.com

PANEL METER

he PLM cube-310 panel meter is used on electrical panels for measuring the various critical electrical parameters such as voltages, currents, powers, PF, energy, demands and power quality in a single meter. Th is panel meter is available with many options ,such as PC connectivity, analog outputs, pulse outputs, relay outputs, pulse inputs and status inputs.

Manaco Energy Solutions Pvt Ltd Chennai - Tamil Nadu Tel: 044-4231 6164 Email: sales@mes.co.in Website: www.mes.co.in

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PRODUCT UPDATE

SWITCH FUSE UNIT PANELS

available and the discharge device is provided externally.

Energe Capacitors Pvt Ltd Mumbai - Maharashtra Tel: 022-32433856 Email: sales@energecapacitor.com Website: www.energegroup.com

JUNCTION BOX

he design in the junction box is 1.6/2 mm CRCA sheet steel. Door opening is 135-degree/180 degree. The base plate is ﬁtted after the assembly and wiring is done. Knockouts are at the bottom. Gasket is provided for door sealing. It is chrome plated lock/thumb screw for door. The panel mounting angle is 4 mm and the protection category is IP54.

Precise Systems Satara - Maharashtra Tel: 02162-244520 Email: systems@precise.in Website: www.precise.in

DISTRIBUTION SWITCH BOARDS

hese panels have active parts (breaking & earthing) that are integrated in an SF6-ﬁ lled unit. The control mechanisms are indented to function with reduced maintenance under normal operating conditions. These are designed with an anti-reﬂex device that stop any attempt to re-open the device immediately after closing the switch or earthing the switch.

he distribution switch boards have up to IP55 protection class and are powder-coated. These have floor-mounting or fl ange connected and have removable doors/covers with modular design. The doors have removable lift off hinges with 130-degree to 180degree opening angle and are fitted with EPDM/neoprene seals with a range of locking system.

Pristine Switchgears (I) Pvt Ltd Satara - Maharashtra Tel: 020-94215504 Email: sales@pristineswitchgear.com Website: www.pristineswitchgear.com

Asiatic Electrical & Switchgear P Ltd New Delhi Tel: 011-25796330 Email: asiatic@asiatic-india.com Website: www.asiatic-india.com

LOW VOLTAGE CAPACITORS

he low voltage capacitors are developed for installations that require equipments and are designed to withstand abnormal working conditions. Frequent switching is available and these capacitors which is particularly designed for tropical conditions and is as per IS:13585 part I /1994 and IEC. The frequency is 50 c/s, terminals is extruded brass terminals, terminal cover is also

AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER

he air circuit breaker is compact in size and has 3 or 4 poles. It is modular in construction and the short-circuit breaking capacities ranges from 50 kA to 65 kA. It has self-powered release with overload and short circuit protection. LEDs are provided to acknowledge fault type

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and these can be retained after supply cutoﬀ with help of auxilary supply.

C & S Electric Ltd New Delhi Tel: 011-30887520, Mob: 09971991201 Email: mukesh.sharma@cselectric.co.in Website: www.cselectric.co.in

CORK SHEETS

ubber cork sheets are available in a wide range of diﬀerent grades. These sheets combine the compressibility of cork with the properties of resilience as well as resistance to mechanical action of rubber. The sheets are easily bent to round or sharp corners without cracking. These are strong, ﬂexible and easy to cut and are used for gaskets even with very narrow borders.

Corrub Industries Kolkata - West Bengal Tel: 033-22301524 Email: natcork@airtelmail.in Website: www.corrubindustries.com

MODULAR SWITCHES

ith the sleek design and minimalist texture, the Krest range of modular switches adds value and completes the elegance of its surrounding space. It makes its connection to the electric cable rapid and ﬁts into the housing easily. It has complete range of that perfectly complements the interior decor,matches individual taste,colour,ﬁ nish and style.

Cosmo Electro Industries Pvt Ltd Mumbai - Maharashtra Tel: 022-26311476 Email: sales@kolorsswitches.com Website: www.kolorsswitches.com

SAFETY SWITCHGEAR

he PSR is a comprehensive range of safety switchgear. In addition to the basic approvals for mechanical and plant engineering, the module is approved for process engineering, furnaces and shipbuilding. It oﬀers high standard for monitoring safety

PRODUCT UPDATE

relevant signals. All connections are pluggable, coded, and designed as both screw or twin spring-cage connection. With the compact and space-saving design, the PSR modules oﬀer increased isolation between input/output and enabling/signaling current circuits. These are controlled via one/two channels with or without cross-circuiting detection.

Phoenix Contact (I) Pvt Ltd New Delhi Tel: 011-30262800 Email: response@phoenixcontact.co.in Website: www.phoenixcontact.co.in

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PRODUCT UPDATE

DISCONNECTORS

continuous records without triggers, which together with the fault, swing and trend records provide wide area visibility of system performance. All triggers have independent controls for delay, logging, transient or swing record initiation, alarm contact activation and cross triggering.

ERLPhase Power Technologies Ltd Manitoba - Canada Tel: +1-204-4770591 Email: info@erlphase.com Website: www.erlphase.com

RECLOSERS

he disconnectors have motor coupled with a reduction worm gear to increase the output torque. These disconnectors open or close a circuit if either a negligible current is switched or if no signiﬁcant change occurs in the voltage between the terminals of the poles.

he Viper reclosers have six voltages sensor, which is accomplished through capacitive voltage dividers. Th is is embedded in the epoxy insulation of each phase of the recloser. The capacitive voltage sensors are isolated from the grid and are able to read phase angle and voltage amplitude with a relatively high accuracy.

Elektrolites (Power) Pvt Ltd Jaipur - Rajasthan Tel: 0141-2330576 Email: info@elektrolites.com Website: www.elektrolites.com

G&W Electric Company New Delhi Tel: 011-41459264 Email: kdhirendra@gwelec.com Website: www.gwelec.com

POWER TRANSFORMER

he power transformer is equipped with sophisticated manufacturing equipment, like vertical winding machines, vapour phase drying process plants and 200T EOT, besides computer controlled testing facilities and a modern oil testing facility. A modern inhouse tank fabrication facility ensures aesthetics and painting quality of fabricated items. The rating is 500 MVA and voltage is 400 kV.

EMCO Ltd Mumbai - Maharashtra Tel: 022-43344000 Email: emco@emcoindia.com Website: www.emcoindia.com

POWER SYSTEM RECORDER

he TESLA 4000 power system recorder records simultaneously in three time domains, ie, fault (fast), dynamic swing (slow) and trend even creates event logs. Th is creates

OIL-COOLED STABILISERS

hese stabilisers are manufactured using qualitative raw material. Material is inspected as per internal components manual. All individual assemblies are tested on full load at 55°C in oven for 48 hours to minimise failure. The equipment is tested for accelerated life test to identify and replace any weak links.

Golden Electronic Controls India Pvt Ltd Coimbatore - Tamil Nadu Tel: 0422-4230990, Mob: 09842162763 Email: info@goldenservo.com Website: www.goldenservo.com

MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER

he miniature circuit breaker has standard thickness of 17.5 mm to facilitate easy mounting in any distribution box without requiring any extra space or special distribution boards. The box-type terminal has been designed for easy termination of cable of up to 50 mm². ETP

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PRODUCT UPDATE

copper terminals and extra thick silver inlaid ensures low temperature rise and low watt loss.

class 155 & 180, both in the range of 0.813 mm to 0.091 mm (21 swg to 43 swg).

HPL Electric & Power Pvt Ltd New Delhi Tel: 011-23234411 Email: hpl@hplindia.com Website: www.hplindia.com

Jalan Wires Pvt Ltd Mumbai - Maharashtra Tel: 022-61451600 Email: sales@jalanwires.com Website: www.jalanwires.com

COPPER ENAMELLED WIRES

he copper enamelled wires are manufactured using EC grade copper rods that are extruded or drawn by dies of special size and are further repeatedly coated with enamel. Various varieties of enameled copper wire comprise polyester, polyesterimide and self-solderable wires. For example, polyesterimide overcoated with polyamide-imide enamelled round copper wire, class 200; modiďŹ ed polyester enamelled round copper wire, class 155; polyester enamelled round copper wire, class 130; all in the range of 4.06-0.091 mm (8-43 swg). polyestermide enamelled round copper wire, class 180, in the range of 4.06-0.091 mm (8-43 swg). Self-solderable polyurethane enamelled round copper wire,

OVERLOAD RELAY

he overload relay is enclosed in a compact housing. All 3 poles of the relay are individually calibrated providing adequate response even under conditions of unsymmetrical overloading in any 2 phases. The relay has positive tripping on account of overloads caused by single phasing or locked rotor conditions.

JSL Industries Vadodara - Gujarat Tel: 0265-3054631 Email: jyotiltd@jyoti.com Website: www.jyoti.com

REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT SYSTEM

he remote terminal unit system is approved by PGCIL, NRPC and MPEB. It is used for remote control and monitoring, remote programming and diagnostics. Th is has seven layer communication protocol and availability in various types of hot swappable I/O modules, digital, analogue, counter, etc. Multiple redundant communication channels and ports are also available.

M B Control & Systems Pvt Ltd Kolkata - West Bengal Tel: 033-22873791, Mob: 09748899011 Email: mbcontrol@vsnl.com Website: www.mbcontrol.com

POWER TRANSFORMER

he power transformer enhances productivity as well as maximises the capacity level of the high power supply equipments. It is an ultimate for the regular power without any cut oﬀ. Ratings are up to 2000 kV A, whereas the frequency is 50 Hz and ONAN cooling. Copper and aluminium winding material is used in this transformer.

Mahashakthi Energy Ltd Bathinda - Punjab Tel: 0164-2280058 Email: info@mahashaktienergy.com Website: www.mahashaktienergy.com

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PRODUCT UPDATE

STUD WELDING MACHINE

he stud welding machine is used to weld stud with the help of either ceramic ferrule or shielding gas. When the gun switch is pressed, low current ﬂows between pointed stud end and workpiece and immediately the stud is lifted drawing an arc. The full welding current ﬂows in an arc, creating a molten state in stud end and work-piece. Drawn arc stud welding is generally used for higher diameter studs and where higher weld strength is required.

Artech Welders Pvt Ltd Pune - Maharashtra Tel: 020-27476160 Email: artech1@vsnl.com Website: www.artchengg.com

WIRES & CABLES

he single multi-core PVC cables are equipped with individual conductors from electrolytic copper-drawn, bright annealed and geometrically bunched-ensures uniform insulation. Th is consists of on-line parameter measurement and monitoring, including dielectric strength. The wires and cables have special PVC formulation for stress-free insulation and ensure long & trouble-free services. These are suitable for 15°C-70°C and there is dual colour insulation up to 10 sq mm.

BCH Electric Ltd New Delhi Tel: 011-23316029 Email: bilmkt@vsnl.com Website: www.bchindia.com

DATA LOGGER

he data logger provides temperature measurement for reliable monitoring of cooling chains and sensitive goods. Th is has high data integrity, large measurement data memory; watertight in accordance with IP65; conforms to EN12830; and data transfer to PC via USB interface. The measuring range is -30 to +70°C; accuracy ±0.5°C, and has memory of 16,000 readings.

Testo India Pvt Ltd Pune - Maharashtra Tel: 020-65600203, Mob: 09375346186 Email: apatankar@testoindia.com Website: www.testo-india.com

SYSTEM CABLES

hese are the structured systems cables which are in accordance with ISO / IE 24702 as well as cable proﬁ les for PROFINET and Ethernet IP for the automation industry. A variety of assembled system cables for industry and telecommunication is provided. Th is is especially for harsh environments in IP 20 protection as well as in IP 65 / 67 / 68 protection.

Harting India Pvt Ltd Chennai - Tamil Nadu Tel: 044-4356 0415 Email: in@harting.com Website: www.harting.in

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TEMPERATURE INDICATOR CONTROLLER

he DTC-300 digital temperature indicator controller is available or single setpoint, two setpoint with onoďŹ&#x20AC;, time-proportional, proportional or PID control actions, depending upon the desired degree of accuracy. For turning oďŹ&#x20AC; the heater or cooler at the set temperature or for high / low alarm indication or for precise control in laboratory these are used.

Libratherm Instruments Mumbai - Maharashtra Tel: 022-28963823, Mob: 09821136685 Email: libratherm@libratherm.com Website: www.libratherm.com

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

he Enervista realtime data acquisition system collects all available data from remote unit and makes the data analysis simple and easy-to-read. Graphical display is used to provide instant feedback about the current status of remote unit. Th is support maximum demand controller, power monitor, and power meter. Instant alarm indications for power failure, PT and CT failure, high voltage/low voltage, high current/low current, trip indication and low PF indication.

Indus Electronics India (P) Ltd Coimbatore - Tamil Nadu Tel: 0422-2626020 Email: indusel@vsnl.com, Website: www.induselect.com

INDUCTOR

he co-ordination inductor is specially designed to control the implementation of the primary and secondary surge protection devices. It is necessary where minimum disconnection length of cables cannot be accomplished using the natural inductance of the active conductors. The inductor is connected in series on the line to be protected and depend on the maximum line current.

Indelec SA (Branch Off ice in India) Bengaluru - Karnataka Tel: 080-40973813 Email: deyssautier@indelec.com, Website: www.indelecindia.com

The information published in this section is as per the details furnished by the respective manufacturer/distributor. In any case, it does not represent the views of

PRODUCT UPDATE

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PRODUCT & ADVERTISERS’ INDEX

To know more about the products featured in this magazine, fax us on 022-3003 4499 or tear and post to us the ‘Product Inquiry Card’ by following the 5 easy steps given there. Alternatively, you may also write to us at michael@infomedia18.in or call us on 022-3003 4684, and we will send your inquiries to the advertisers/companies directly to help you source better. Sr.

Products

1052 1053 1054 1055

Air circuit breaker ....................62 Air compressor ....................... BC Analogue DC drive..................45 Automatic PF compensation system ...............43 Automatic voltage stabiliser ...................................35 Automation ..............................42 Automotive wire ........................4 Back-fill compound ...................8 Battery charger .........................45 Brake motor .............................61 Cable glands.............................61 Chemical earthing......................8 Chemrode reslow .......................8 Coating ....................................63 Coaxial cable ..............................4 Conceptline wallmounted enclosure ................FIC Conductor ..........................13, 21 Control panel ...........................17 Control vector drive .................61 Cooling tower motor ...............61 Copper enamelled wire ............65 Copper-bonded rod ...................8 Cork sheets ..............................63 CRGO toroidal core ................28 Current transformer .................28 Data acquisition system ...........67 Data logger ..............................66 Die casting ...............................21 Diesel generator .......................11 Digital DC drive......................45 Digital metering.......................43 Disconnector ............................64 Distribution switch board ........62 Double shaft motor..................61 Drive ........................................42 Dynamic braking resistor .........65 Earth rod....................................8 Earthing .....................................8

1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089

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Products

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1090 Electrical and electronic products ....................................33 1091 Electrical control panel ............45 1092 Electronic component ..............33 1093 Energy management system ....43 1094 Engines .................................. BC 1095 ESE lightning arrester ...............8 1096 Excavator................................ BC 1097 Exel ..........................................11 1098 Exhibition-Engineering Expo ...................................19, 47 1099 Fastener component .................63 1100 Fasteners...................................63 1101 Fire alarm cable..........................4 1102 Flexible wire ...............................4 1103 Forging .....................................21 1104 Gel earthing ...............................8 1105 Genset ......................................11 1106 Green power ............................11 1107 Hollow shaft motor .................61 1108 Harmonic filtration ..................43 1109 Heater ......................................67 1110 Hoist and crane-duty motor ....61 1111 Hot runner temperature controller .................................25 1112 Humidity..................................67 1113 Indoor and outdoor aesthetic LED light ................................29 1114 Inductive proximity switch ......67 1115 Inductor....................................67 1116 Industrial fasteners ...................63 1117 Inspection technologies ..............3 1118 Insulator hardware fitting ........21 1119 Isolated step down transformer17 1120 Isolation transformer variac .....35 1121 Isolation transformer................17 1122 Junction box .............................62 1123 Junction boxes .......................FIC 1124 Lawn mower .......................... BC 1125 LED solar home light..............29 1126 LED solar road flasher ............29

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Products

1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156

LED solar streetlight ...............29 LED-based light ........................6 Lightning arrester ......................8 Lightning consultant..................8 Lightning protection system ......8 Load bank ................................65 Low voltage capacitors.............62 Low-speed motor ...................61 LPI .............................................8 Manual voltage stabiliser .........35 Marine-duty motor ..................61 Miniature circuit breaker .........64 Modular switch ........................63 Motor control centre................45 Moulded cable ...........................4 Multi-core round cable ..............4 Multi-speed motor ...................61 Nut bolt screw..........................63 Oil level gauge ........................25 Oil lubrication system .............25 Oil suction filter ......................25 Oil-cooled stabiliser .................64 Online UPS system..................17 Overload relay ..........................65 Panel board ..............................67 Panel meter ..............................62 PF controller ............................43 Photoelectric switch .................67 Pipe ..........................................49 PLC and PC based automation system ...................45 PLC .........................................42 Potentiometer linear scale .......25 Power capacitor ........................43 Power distribution panel ..........45 Power system recorder .............64 Power transformer....................13 Power transformer..............64, 66 Power-Gen India & Central Asia-2012.................BIC Preset counter ..........................61

1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165

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Products

1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177

Pressure gauge .........................25 Pressure transmitter ................25 Proline modular enclosure ....FIC Protective coating .....................63 Reclosers ..................................64 Relay ..................................25, 33 Remote terminal unit system ...66 Resistor ....................................65 Revolving lamp with hooter ....25 Safety switchgear .....................63 Servo voltage stabiliser .......17, 35 Sheet metal cap current transformer ...............................28 Silent generator ........................11 Solar lantern.............................29 Solar power pack......................29 Solar water heater system ........29 Solenoid coil LED plug...........25 Solid-state relay........................25 SPD............................................8 Stud welding machine .............66 Surge arrester .............................8 Surge protection .........................8 Switch fuse unit panel .............62 Switch ......................................33 System cable.............................66 Temperature indicator controller ..................................67 Temperature .............................67 Tensile loom motor ..................61 Thermostat...............................67 Thyristor switch .......................43 Torque motor ...........................61 Transformer and accessories ....28 Transmission line tower ...........21 Varistor cabinet .....................FIC Vessel and valve welding ..........49 V-series cooling technologies ...FIC Wall ..........................................49 Wide voltage fluctuation motor61 Wire grid resistor .....................65 Wires and cables ......................66

1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205

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