Why holding kids back fails − and what to do about it
By Laura
For decades, schools have allowed children to advance to the next grade even when they’re not reading at grade level. But more and more states are adopting policies to hold students back if they fail standardized tests in reading.
As of now, 26 states have such policies, compared with just 18 states five years ago. This month, Maryland lawmakers will consider their own policy to hold back third graders who struggle with reading, while allowing parents to opt out as long as they agree to get their child extra reading support.
The looming decision in Maryland, where 69% of students are not reading at grade level, has reignited a century-long debate about the consequences of “flunking” students. Based on what the research shows, we believe parents and guardians would be wise to explore their options to opt out of the retention policy. We say this because of what we know to be the negative effects associated with forcing a child to repeat a grade.
While giving struggling learners another
year to master essential skills may seemingly make sense, evidence suggests that holding kids back often does more harm than good. Not only do these students have a higher risk of dropping out before graduating high school, but the practice also reinforces historical inequities in education.
As researchers who study grading and education policy, we offer five reasons why we don’t see holding students back as an effective educational strategy.
1. Hinders academic progress
Students held back in the early elementary grades show lower academic achievement in year-end reading scores compared with their promoted peers both during and after the retention year, according to a multiyear study published in 2018. This lag in students’ performance persists through their middle school years.
Even more concerning, any short-term academic gains from retention often disappear after the student is promoted the following year, another comprehensive study found. This is partly because students encounter the same teaching and grading methods that didn’t work for them the first time around.
2. Limits social and emotional development
Students held back in elementary school experience increased feelings of shame and alienation, research shows. These feelings linger into adolescence. These students also grapple with lower selfesteem and more anxiety
Despite ongoing worries about how artificial intelligence will affect jobs, research shows that employers increasingly value something that only human workers can provide – soft skills. These include knowing how to communicate with co-workers, put others at ease and navigate conflict. However, these essential skills are often neglected in traditional higher education. Colleges and universities’ primary focus is to teach students how to become experts in their fields, but they often fall short in preparing students for the social and emotional
compared with their promoted peers, which could limit their overall social and emotional development.
3. Increases dropout risk
Students held back in elementary grades were 60% less likely to graduate high school by age 20 compared with their similarly achieving peers who were not held back, one study found. A 2018 study corroborated these findings, even after controlling for prior achievement and socioeconomic status.
4. Costs more for school districts
The estimated cost of retention is US$13,000 to $35,000 per student a year, depending on the school district. The total cost to U.S. taxpayers is over $18 billion every year. The costs continue to add up over a lifetime, too, since holding students back is associated with increased
dropout rates and reduced lifetime earnings.
5. Disadvantages poor and minority students
As do other policies in education, holding students back affects poor and minority students significantly more than their higher-income and white peers, research has found. Retention policies are also often associated with greater rates of suspension and less access to advanced classes.
Decisions about whether a student should be held back often rely on measures such as standardized test scores. But research shows there’s a long history of racial bias in these tests, which tend to favor white, Asian and higher-income students.
Reliance on highstakes tests reinforces bias in education and creates a system that simultaneously hamstrings teachers and blames them for test results that are beyond their control.
Another path forward It’s not fair to penalize students when educators and policymakers have the power to address student reading issues before and throughout third grade. Instead, we believe less weight should be placed on high stakes tests, and teachers should be trusted and taught to implement more effective ways to help students who are behind in reading.
Here are a few ways that teachers can better support students in reading:
Identify learning gaps regularly: Kindergarten through third grade teachers should regularly evaluate their students’ academic performance and adjust their teaching methods based on what they conclude. Recent research demonstrates that this approach can lead to significant improvements in reading outcomes.
Use standards to guide learning: By focusing on students’ individual growth – rather than comparing them with their peers – teachers and parents can better understand how well a student is doing in reading. When students need help, teachers can provide more targeted interventions.
Separate behavior and academic performance: Teachers should separate students’ behavior, including effort and participation, from their academic performance in the grade book. This gives a more accurate picture of students’ actual reading skills and areas where they can improve.
Enhance teacher training: The above recommendations work only if teachers understand how to interpret and regularly use their students’ classroom assessment data. This is what allows them to personalize lessons for struggling students. Many teacher preparation programs in the U.S. fall short in this area. Some innovative universities, however, are preparing educators to design and implement effective classroom assessment and grading practices that are fair, accurate and meaningful for all students. These classroombased, teacher-driven practices can not only benefit individual students, but they can also reduce the financial and emotional costs associated with grade retention. The path forward lies not in holding students back but in pushing these educational practices forward. Education leaders can ensure that every student receives proactive support – instead of experiencing the shame and setbacks associated with having to repeat a year in school. Dr. D’Amico Pawlewicz’s research has been supported by the Spencer Foundation. Laura Link does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.
demands of the workplace. This disconnect is not a minor oversight. It’s a fundamental flaw in how colleges and universities equip young professionals for success. At best, it creates a communication gap between younger and older workers. At worst, it impacts young workers’ job performance as well as their mental health as they struggle to prove themselves.
A case study
Let me introduce you to a young woman whom I taught. Let’s call her Emily to protect her privacy. She represents the qualities and challenges that many employers have observed in their new young hires.
Emily graduated at the top of her class at a public university, eager to make an impact in her new role at a dynamic startup. However, she soon encountered unexpected challenges.
She came to my office often after she graduated and told me she found it difficult to connect with colleagues and articulate her ideas in team meetings. This disconnect was compounded by a lack of understanding of workplace culture, including knowing how the chain of command works and how to communicate with her colleagues and bosses. She misinterpreted feedback as criticism rather than advice and struggled to communicate her thoughts clearly and precisely. She also struggled with how to manage conflict in the office. As weeks passed, Emily’s anxiety mounted. She felt the pressure to prove herself. Meanwhile, her attempts to contribute innovative ideas were often met with confusion or resistance, further complicating her integration into the team.
Her bosses grew increasingly frustrated with what they perceived as Emily’s inability to communicate effectively. Accustomed to clear and direct communication, they found Emily’s approach unengaged. Emily vented her frustrations in online chats and apps, like Snapchat, and even made a TikTok video about it,
rather than approach her boss for a one-on-one conversation. This only widened the divide between her and her employer.
A growing challenge in the workplace
Emily’s experience is far from unique. It represents a growing challenge faced by young professionals transitioning from the structured environment of education into the unpredictable terrain of the workforce. This period of transition can overwhelm new graduates who find themselves unprepared for the realities of professional life despite their academic achievements.
The transition from student to employee often triggers anxiety, stress and frustration. High expectations placed on young workers to quickly adapt and perform, often without sufficient support, exacerbate these feelings.
In Emily’s case, her feelings of isolation grew, and she began to believe she was falling short of her potential. Lacking strong coping mechanisms, she became increasingly stressed, further impairing her ability to perform and communicate effectively.
Young professionals’ struggles to find their footing in their jobs also have an impact on the workplace as a whole.
One of Emily’s key challenges was navigating workplace communication, where the generational gap between young professionals and their more experienced colleagues often led to differing communication styles and expectations.
While older generations may favor direct, in-person communication, younger workers like Emily are more accustomed to digital communication. They may rely on social media platforms, like X and Snapchat, for feedback and support.
This generational divide can lead to misunderstandings and frustrations on both sides. In Emily’s case, her inclination to seek online feedback was perceived by her employer as unprofessional. Such misalignments highlight the
need for better preparation and understanding of workplace dynamics, starting in college.
A path forward
While teaching social and emotional skills is a well-established practice in K-12 schools, it hasn’t gained the same traction in higher education. I see this as a missed opportunity. Research shows that while social and emotional learning in K-12 schools can be effective, kids are still suffering from high levels of anxiety and stress, especially since the pandemic. Colleges and universities could – and should – pick up where K-12 schools leave off and continue preparing students to manage their stress and the pressures they will face on the job.
Educational programs that offer applied experiences, such as internships, provide valuable opportunities for students to utilize their skills professionally and develop essential interpersonal skills. But educators can also help develop these skills right in the classroom. As a researcher with an extensive background in education and student services, here are some ways I see to accomplish that goal:
Prepare students for the real world by using role-playing simulations. For example, students could act as members of a startup or a corporate team, where they must navigate not only business tasks but also manage interpersonal conflicts, negotiations and decision-making.
Create “feedback loops,” where students practice giving and receiving constructive feedback with their peers. This helps students develop communication skills, emotional resilience and the ability to navigate criticism gracefully – a key workplace skill. Teach leadership courses that focus on emotional intelligence. These courses would teach students how to lead effectively under pressure, balancing task completion with team well-being and emphasizing empathy and adaptability. Incorporate mental health education and resilience training into the curriculum. This will equip students with the tools to manage stress and maintain well-being on the job. The transition from education to the workforce is complex and challenging. By cultivating emotional intelligence, communication skills and adaptability, educators can help prepare students for the realities of professional life and bridge the gap into the modern workforce.
Lee Ann Rawlins Williams does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would bene
iStock photos
Children struggle with shame and alienation when they are forced to repeat a grade in school.
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erence, burden rates remain disproportionately high for lower-income renters of color, at 85 and 87 percent for Black and Hispanic renters, respectively, as compared to 80 percent of their white counterparts.”
The complaint alleges that RealPage contracts with competing landlords who agree to share with the firm nonpublic, competitively sensitive information about their apartment rental rates and other lease terms. This data is then used with RealPage’s algorithmic pricing software to generate recommendations, including apartment rental
Walz
helped conduct the poll, attributed the gains to Walz’s newfound national status.
“We saw a similar but much more dramatic trend when it came to Kamala Harris’ favorability pre and post her nomination as a presidential candidate,” Mason said.
The same poll respondents were asked to assess Walz in a slightly different way, by rating his job performance in office. The most-recent poll found that 51% approve and 49% disapprove, with 42% saying they strongly approve, 9% saying they somewhat approve, 5% saying they somewhat disapprove and 44% saying they strongly disapprove.
But when compared to the November poll, despite showing nearly identical job approval numbers (52% to 49%), Walz standing among fellow Democrats has improved as his standing among Republicans and independents has worsened.
In November, 94% of Democrats approved of his job
Trump and pets and From 3
The Republican ticket’s untrue rumors about Haitians in Springfield reflects a long history of prejudice toward Haitians in the United States. As a scholar of Haitian history and literature, I have identified three anti-Haitian ideas prevalent in the United States that will help put the Springfield story into context.
1. The unfitness of Haitians ‘to govern themselves’
In July 1915, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson invaded Haiti under the guise of restoring order and economic stability following the assassination of Haitian President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam.
Five years into what would become a 19year military occupation, the American diplomat and civil rights leader James Weldon Johnson was sent by the NAACP to investigate the supposed benefits of the occupation. His resounding takeaway: “The United States has failed Haiti.” In related pieces for The Nation and The Crisis,
From 3
pricing and other terms, for participating landlords. The use of rivals’ data trove of competitively sensitive information violates interstate commerce law aimed at preventing monopolies.
The complaint further alleges that in a free market, these landlords otherwise would be competing independently to attract renters based on pricing, discounts, concessions, lease terms, and other dimensions of apartment leasing.
“Healthy competition in the rental housing market requires two key ingredients,” added Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco. “The market must be dictated by open and honest competition among landlords. And, renters must be able to negotiate prices with landlords — without the specter of collusion…. But RealPage
performance while 98% did so earlier this month. Approval by independents dropped from 44% in November to 36% this month; by Republicans, from 8% to 3%.
Self-identified independents appear to be representing a different sector of poll respondents than in the past, Greenfield said. While the grouping called “pure independents,” who don’t identify with either major party, are generally less likely to vote. And compared to the 2023 poll, some of those independents have migrated toward Democratic identification. Greenfield said “there is quite a bit of movement” among those who identify as pure independents.
“Compared to our 2023 poll, we saw those who voted for Biden in 2020 are now slightly more likely to identify as Democrats and less likely to identify as pure independents. The resulting pool of pure independents therefore leans a bit further to the right, which can help explain Trump’s edge among this group,” Greenfield said.
The newest poll showed that independent voters favored Trump (40%) over Harris (23%).
Johnson chronicled abuses ranging from extra-judicial killings of Haitian citizens – U.S forces killed 15,000 Haitians between 1915 and 1934 – to the harassment and rape of Haitian women. Johnson said the U.S. occupation amounted to nothing more than a belief in the “unfitness of the Haitian people to govern themselves.”
By undermining Haitian sovereignty, Wilson’s administration had successfully created a justification for seizing control of Haitian banks, rewriting its constitution and importing American Jim Crowstyle segregation into the capital city of Port-au-Prince. This was a clearly racist presidential administration that hosted White House screenings of D.W. Griffiths’ anti-Black film “Birth of a Nation,” as historian Yveline Alexis demonstrates in her book “Haiti Fights Back: The Life and Legacy of Charlemagne Péralte.”
“Racism,” Alexis writes, “was at the core of the seizure of Haiti and all interactions with Haitians.”
2. The ‘4H disease’ In June 2017, Trump reportedly “stormed into a meeting” on immigration from Haiti and repeated a slanderous anti-Haitian claim: “They all have AIDS,” he said. The account, from
drug activities. Despite the mounting allegations, Diddy has vehemently denied many of them, describing them as extortion attempts. Recent lawsuits include allegations from former Danity Kane member Dawn Richard, who claims Diddy sexually assaulted and terrorized her for years. Also, Diddy’s former head of security, Roger Bonds, revealed in a televised interview that he witnessed the mogul’s violent
Health care care
From 3
commitment to broadening access to Medicare and reducing costs for seniors. During that time, Harris advocated for the Medicare program to negotiate drug prices directly with pharmaceutical companies. Later, as vice president, Harris cast a tiebreaking vote on the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act, allowing the government to negotiate drug prices for Medicare with pharmaceutical companies. In contrast, during Trump’s presidency, he made several attempts, some of which were successful, to cut funding for Medicare. The 2020 budget proposed by his administration included cuts to Medicare totaling more than US$800 billion over 10 years, primarily by reducing payments to providers and slowing the growth of the program. The proposed cuts did not take effect because they required Congressional approval, which was not granted. The plan faced significant opposition due to concerns about potential negative impacts
has shut away those ingredients, changed the locks, and thrown away the keys. That’s collusion — and that’s against the law.”
North Carolina Attorney General Josh Stein, whose office filed the joint lawsuit on August 23 in the Middle District of North Carolina, also weighed in on the lawsuit’s importance.
“Few things are as important as our homes – but too many North Carolinians struggle to afford their apartment,” said Attorney General Josh Stein. “Rents are already too high. I will not tolerate any company scheming to block healthy competition among landlords. It raises rent, and it’s illegal.”
For one North Carolina local official, the lawsuit is an opportunity to right a grievous wrong. “Between 2010
A different poll
question might explain Walz’s relatively good standing with state voters. When asked whether the state of Minnesota was heading in the right direction or is on the wrong track, poll respondents were split, with 50% saying right direction and 50% saying wrong track. But while that might seem a mediocre result, state voters are downright giddy with their state compared to how they feel about the nation.
Of those responding to the question, only 30% said the nation was heading in the right direction and 70% said wrong track. While that is bad, the same question in November showed that only 20% thought the nation was heading in the right direction. In November, 48% of poll respondents said the state was heading in the right direction and 52% said wrong track. In October of 2022, 46% said the state was heading in the right direction and 54% said wrong track.
By only looking at those who had an opinion, that is eliminating those who said said it would make no difference or were not sure, the positive outweighed the negative. But looking at that net
author Jake Johnston, a senior research associate at the Center for Economic and Policy Research, shows the then-president repeating a falsehood that has circulated since HIV erupted in the 1980s. Ever since a number of Haitians fell ill while at a Florida immigrant detention center in June 1982, Haitians became part of what the late public health expert Paul Farmer called the “geography of blame” that linked this highly communicable disease to certain places and people. The federal government turned a small disease cluster into a migration policy designed to keep Haitians out of the U.S. Betweeen 1981 and 1991, more than 27,000 Haitian asylum-seekers fleeing JeanClaude Duvalier’s dictatorship were intercepted off the coast of Florida and detained. The vast majority were repatriated, in part because of a deportation agreement with Duvalier and in part because stopping Haitians at sea was a “screening strategy” to prevent HIV/AIDS from spreading in the U.S. The Reagan administration called the virus the “4H disease,” referring to Haitians, hemophiliacs, homosexuals and heroin users. This designation spread harmful lies about four
behavior toward women “four or five times,” including with Cassie and Kim Porter, the mother of Diddy’s children.
A video from 2016 shows Diddy violently attacking Cassie, an incident he later apologized for, calling it “inexcusable.”
Despite this public apology, Cassie’s attorney criticized
on beneficiaries.
Affordable Care Act
Harris has been a staunch defender of the Affordable Care Act, also known as the ACA or “Obamacare.” As a senator, Harris consistently voted against any efforts to repeal the ACA. She advocated for expanding its provisions, including supporting legislation that aimed to strengthen protections for people with preexisting conditions and increase funding for Medicaid expansion.
Harris’ record shows a clear commitment to ensuring broader health
and 2020 the median rent in Wake County jumped up 40 percent,” said Shinica Thomas, Wake County Board of Commissioners Chair. “That costs families an extra $4,200 a year. For a household that’s struggling to make ends meet, that can be the difference between stability and eviction.”
A growing metro market, Wake County is home to the state’s capitol, Raleigh. But according to multiple independent housing research reports, high rental rate increases have occurred throughout the nation, in communities of varying sizes and locales.
For example, monthly rents in Knoxville, TN reached $1,818 in February 2024, a 59.1 percent increase from 2019, according to this spring, SmartAsset.com. More recently,
difference among some subsets of voters — by party, by gender and by race — the numbers display stark differences. For example, among Democrats, 69% say it would be very good or somewhat good and 0% say it would be somewhat bad or very bad. That equates to a net +69. Among Republicans, the net difference is a net -56, and among independents, it is a net -5. What about by gender and race? Flanagan would be the state’s first woman governor in Minnesota history and the Native American politician would be the first governor of color. Among poll respondents who identified themselves as begin a person of color, the poll results show a net of +22, compared to a net of +3 for white respondents. And among women, the poll results show a net of +18; among men, the net difference between good for the state and bad for the state is -10. The hopes for Flanagan are highest among poll respondents who are women of color. That breakout demographic shows there are 53% who say her ascendance would be very good or somewhat good for the state
groups, but Haitians were the only nationality singled out as an “at-risk” population for contracting HIV/AIDS. By the time the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention removed Haitians from its list of highest-risk groups in 1985, the damage had been done. Haitians in the U.S. were effectively vilified as vectors of a deadly virus. As a young Haitian man in Port-au-Prince remarked to writer Martha Cooley in 1983, “This 4H thing is just one more way to keep us out.”
3. Haiti’s problems are homegrown Haiti’s occupation by foreign forces has continued on and off in different forms since the U.S. invasion of 1915. United Nations troops were stationed there for nearly two decades following the the 2004 ouster of President Jean Bertrand Aristide. After the devastating 2010 earthquake, they were joined by the Red Cross and Oxfam. As all three organizations have since acknowledged, their humanitarian interventions left numerous crises in their wake, including cholera, chronic corruption in rebuilding projects and a market for sexually exploiting young girls.
Still, Haiti has long faced the accusation that its
Apartments.com found posted national rental rate averages by state and city. Nationally, the average national monthly cost of a one-bedroom apartment with 699 square feet is $1,563. On a statewide basis, average rental costs in California, the District of Columbia, Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York all surpass $2,000 for dwellings with as low as 631 square feet to no more than 727 square feet. Conversely, Oklahoma is one of the states with the lowest average rent of $880 for a 687 square foot unit. Comparing costs and square footage by city, Apartments.com additionally found New York City had the highest monthly rental cost of $3,865, and the smallest square footage at 598 square feet. The only other city, Boston
and 16% who say it would be somewhat bad or very bad, for a net difference of +37.
MinnPost reporter Ana Radelat contributed to this report. More about MinnPost’s poll
METHODOLOGY
Embold Research
surveyed 1,616 likely 2024 voters in Minnesota, between September 4-8, 2024.
We used the following sources to recruit respondents: targeted advertisements on Facebook and Instagram (1132 respondents) text messages sent, via the Switchboard platform, to cell phone numbers listed on the voter file for individuals who qualified for the survey’s sample universe, based on their voter file data (484 respondents)
Regardless of which of these sources a respondent came from, they were directed to a survey hosted on SurveyMonkey’s website.
Ads placed on social media targeted adults living in Minnesota. As the survey fielded, Embold Research used dynamic online sampling: adjusting ad budgets, lowering budgets for ads targeting groups that were overrepresented and raising
instability is homegrown. It is widely portrayed in the U.S. as a basket-case nation incapable of managing its own affairs. Trump, as president, once dismissed the entire country as a “shithole.”
At present, Haitians are coping with overlapping crises that have U.S. fingerprints.
After President Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in July 2021, the Biden administration hand-picked Haiti’s interim prime minister, Ariel Henry, as its new leader. This undemocratic decision was such a resounding failure that in March 2024, Haitian gangs revolted against Henry’s administration, unleashing a wave of gruesome violence that ultimately forced Henry out of office.
So many catastrophes in Haiti over the past four decades have created an overwhelming sense of insecurity among its people. Many hundreds of thousands have fled the country for the U.S., Dominican Republic, Brazil and beyond.
In July 2024, the Biden administration granted temporary protected status to 500,000 Haitian migrants in the U.S., allowing them to stay in the country, in recognition of the life-threatening conditions back home.
The people Trump insists are “illegal aliens” are in fact authorized U.S. residents
Diddy’s statement as selfserving and coming only after his denials were proven false. Further lawsuits include accusations from former fashion student April Lampros and former model Crystal McKinney, who allege Diddy drugged them before sexually assaulting them. Another suit from Joi Dickerson-Neal claims that Diddy drugged and sexually assaulted her in 1991, recording the incident without her consent.
coverage under the ACA. And, in the recent debate, Harris noted this record and reasserted her commitment to the act. During his presidency, Trump led multiple efforts to repeal the ACA, including the 2017 American Health Care Act, which would have significantly reduced the scope of Medicaid expansion and removed individual mandates. Although these efforts ultimately failed in the Senate, Trump succeeded in weakening the ACA by eliminating the individual mandate penalty through the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. In the debate against Harris, Trump reiterated his
($3,450), was the only other city with more than had over $3,000 in average rental costs. All of the following cities average rental costs exceeding $2,000 for less than 700 square feet in Los Angeles, Miami, Oakland, San Diego and Seattle. “Access to affordable housing options is becoming increasingly difficult,” said Monica Burks, Policy Counsel at the Center for Responsible Lending. “Anti-competitive practices that inflate already high housing costs disadvantage individuals and families working hard to secure this basic need.” Charlene Crowell is a senior fellow with the Center for Responsible Lending. She can be reached at Charlene. crowell@responsiblelending. org.
budgets for ads targeting groups that were underrepresented, so that the final sample was roughly representative of the population across different groups. The survey was conducted in English. The survey was conducted online by Embold Research on behalf of MinnPost. Post-stratification was performed on age, gender, race/ ethnicity, education, region, and 2020 vote. Weighting parameters are based on the demographic composition of 2024 general election voters, based on probabilistic turnout scores provided by Deck. These scores incorporate past vote history and demographic factors, as well as environmental factors including media coverage, fundraising numbers, and candidate demographics. Presidential results were obtained from the Minnesota Secretary of State. The modeled margin of error* for this survey is 2.8%, which uses effective sample sizes** that adjust for the design effect of weighting.
from a country buffeted by American meddling in its politics.
A very old pattern
In barking about cats and dogs in Springfield, Trump, Vance and their rightwing supporters are spreading the same kind of anti-Haitian rhetoric that has sown a harmful distrust of Haitian migrants for over a century. “This is not the first time that we [Haitians] have been the victims of ‘yon kanpay manti,’” said the Ministry of Haitians Living Abroad in a press release following the debate, using the Haitian Creole phrase for “a campaign of lies.” The result of such misinformation, it added, is “mistreatment, hatred, and misunderstanding in the interest of politics.” Nathan H. Dize does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.
Just a week ago, Diddy filed an emergency motion to overturn the $100 million default judgment lodged against him for not responding to a sexual assault lawsuit from a Michigan inmate. According to legal documents, Diddy claimed he was never served with the lawsuit and that he had no idea who 51-year-old Derrick Lee Cardello-Smith was. Diddy’s legal team has moved to dismiss parts of these lawsuits, labeling them “false, offensive, and salacious.”
position that the Affordable Care Act “was lousy health care,” though he did not ultimately offer a replacement plan, stating only that he has “concepts of a plan.”
Public health infrastructure Harris’ tenure in the Senate, from January 2017 to January 2021, shows a consistent pattern of supporting public health infrastructure. She co-sponsored several bills aimed at increasing funding for community health centers and expanding access to preventive care. Harris also advocated for more federal
funding to address public health emergencies, such as the opioid epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic. During Trump’s presidency, however, he made significant cuts to public health programs. The Trump administration proposed budget cuts to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other public health agencies, arguing that they were necessary for fiscal responsibility. These proposals drew criticism for potentially undermining the nation’s ability to respond to public health emergencies, a
Combs
Por Fernanda Figueroa Translation By Macdonald
Managing Editor,
Miembros del Ballet Folklorico de Cathedral City High School posan para una foto antes de unirse al Kingdom Day Parade en Los Ángeles, el 16 de enero de 2023. (Foto AP/Richard Vogel, Archivo) Se esperan grandes celebraciones en todo Estados Unidos para celebrar el Mes Nacional de la Herencia Hispana, una tradición anual que muestra la asombrosa diversidad y cultura del pueblo hispano. Celebrado cada año del 15 de septiembre al 15 de octubre, el mes es una oportunidad para que muchos en Estados Unidos aprendan y celebren las contribuciones de los hispanos, la minoría racial o étnica de más rápido crecimiento en el país, según el censo. El grupo incluye a personas cuyos antepasados provienen de España, México, el Caribe y América Central y del Sur.
Hay más de 65 millones
étnicamente hispanas en Estados Unidos, según las últimas estimaciones del censo. La Semana de la Herencia acoge la extensa historia de los latinos Antes de que existiera el Mes Nacional de la Herencia Hispana, existía la Semana de la Herencia Hispana, que fue creada a través de una legislación patrocinada por el representante mexicano-estadounidense Edward R. Roybal de Los Ángeles y promulgada en 1968 por el presidente Lyndon B. Johnson. La conmemoración de una semana se amplió a un mes dos décadas después, con una legislación promulgada por el presidente Ronald Reagan. “Se agrupó en torno a grandes celebraciones para la comunidad”, dijo Alberto Lammers, director de comunicaciones del Instituto de Política y Política Latina de la UCLA. “Se convirtió en una oportunidad para que la gente conociera las culturas hispanas, para que los latinos conocieran mejor a una comunidad y para que el público estadounidense
comprendiera un poco mejor la larga historia de los latinos en los EE. UU.”
El mes es una forma de que los hispanos muestren su diversidad y cultura con el apoyo del gobierno, dijo Rachel Gonzalez-Martin, profesora asociada de Estudios MexicanosAmericanos y Latinos en la Universidad de Texas en Austin. El 15 de septiembre se eligió como punto de partida para que coincidiera con el aniversario de “El Grito de Dolores”, que se emitió en 1810 desde un pueblo del centro de México que inició la guerra de independencia de ese país contra España. Las naciones centroamericanas de Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua y Costa Rica celebran su independencia el 15 de septiembre, y México celebra su día nacional el 16 de septiembre, el día después del grito de independencia.
También durante el Mes Nacional de la Herencia Hispana, la nación sudamericana de Chile celebra su día de la independencia el 18 de septiembre. El Día de los Pueblos Indígenas, anteriormente
conocido como el Día de Colón, se celebra en los EE. UU. el segundo lunes de octubre. Durante la última década, el mes ha crecido debido a la mayor base de consumidores latinos en los EE. UU., dijo González-Martín. GonzálezMartín dijo que el apoyo visible del gobierno federal, incluidas las celebraciones en la Casa Blanca, también ha hecho que sea más fácil para los hispanos celebrar. “El Mes de la Herencia Hispana fue una forma de ser hispano y latino, pero con la Martín. “Fue un reconocimiento de pertenencia y eso se volvió realmente poderoso”. El período de cuatro semanas tiene como objetivo honrar la forma en que las poblaciones hispanas han dado forma a los EE. UU. en el pasado y el presente, dijo Lammers. “Nos da la oportunidad de reconocer cómo los latinos han sido parte de esta nación durante tantos siglos”, dijo Lammers. “Creo que eso es lo bueno de esto. Nos ha permitido profundizar realmente y la oportunidad de contar nuestras historias”.
No todos los hispanos usan esa etiqueta Hispano fue un término acuñado por el gobierno federal para las personas descendientes de culturas de habla hispana. Pero para algunos, la etiqueta tiene una connotación de conservadurismo político y enfatiza una conexión con España. A veces se intercambia por error con “latino” o “latinx”. sus vínculos con América Latina. Por eso, algunas celebraciones se conocen como Latinx o Mes de la Herencia Latina. Los latinoamericanos no son un monolito. Hay los latinoamericanos, que dependen en gran medida de la preferencia personal. Los mexicano-estadounidenses que crecieron durante la era de los derechos civiles de la década como chicanos. Otros pueden origen de su familia, como colombiano-estadounidense o salvadoreño-estadounidense. Cada cultura tiene diferencias únicas en lo que
respecta a la música, la comida, el arte y otros referentes culturales.
Se planean celebraciones durante todo el mes.
Desde California hasta Florida, no faltarán las festividades. Las celebraciones promocionan comidas y entretenimiento latinos tradicionales, incluidas
65 ethnically Hispanic in the U.S., according to the latest census estimates.
Heritage week embraces the sprawling histories of Latinos Before there was National Hispanic Heritage Month, there was Hispanic Heritage Week, which was created through legislation sponsored by Mexican American U.S. Rep. Edward R. Roybal of Los Angeles and signed into law in 1968 by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
The weeklong commemoration was expanded to a month two decades later, with legislation signed into law by President Ronald Reagan.
“It was clustered around big celebrations for the community,” Alberto Lammers, director of communications at the UCLA Latino Policy and Politics Institute said. “It became
etnicamente hispânicas nos EUA, de acordo com as últimas estimativas do censo. A semana da herança abraça as histórias extensas dos latinos
Membros do Cathedral City High School Ballet Folklorico posam para uma foto antes de participar do Kingdom Day Parade em Los Angeles, 16 de janeiro de 2023. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel, Arquivo) Grandes celebrações nos EUA são esperadas para celebrar o Mês Nacional da Herança Hispânica, uma tradição anual que mostra a diversidade e a cultura inspiradoras do povo hispânico. Comemorado todos os anos de 15 de setembro a 15 de outubro, o mês é uma chance para muitos nos EUA aprenderem e celebrarem as contribuições dos hispânicos, a minoria racial ou étnica de crescimento mais rápido do país, de acordo com o censo. O grupo inclui pessoas cujos ancestrais vêm da Espanha, México, Caribe e América Central e do Sul. Há mais de 65 milhões
Antes do Mês Nacional da Herança Hispânica, houve a Semana da Herança Hispânica, que foi criada por meio de uma legislação patrocinada pelo deputado mexicano-americano Edward R. Roybal de Los Angeles e sancionada em 1968 pelo presidente Lyndon B. Johnson. A comemoração de uma semana foi expandida para um mês duas décadas depois, com a legislação sancionada pelo presidente Ronald Reagan. “Ela foi agrupada em torno de grandes celebrações para a comunidade”, disse Alberto Lammers, diretor de comunicações do Instituto de Política e Política Latina da UCLA. “Tornou-se uma chance para as pessoas conhecerem as culturas hispânicas, para os latinos conhecerem melhor uma comunidade e para o público americano entender um pouco
a chance for people to know Hispanic cultures, for Latinos to get to know a community better and for the American public to understand a little better the long history of Latinos in the U.S.”
The month is a way for Hispanics to showcase their diversity and culture with the support of the government, said Rachel Gonzalez-Martin, an associate professor of Mexican American and Latino Studies at the University of Texas at Austin.
Sept. 15 was chosen as the starting point to coincide with the anniversary of “El Grito de Dolores,” or the “Cry of Dolores,” which was issued in 1810 from a town in central Mexico that launched that country’s war for independence from Spain.
The Central American nations of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica celebrate their independence on Sept. 15, and Mexico marks its national day on Sept. 16, the day after the cry for independence.
Also during National Hispanic Heritage Month, the South American nation of Chile observes its independence day
melhor a longa história dos latinos nos EUA.”
O mês é uma maneira dos hispânicos mostrarem sua diversidade e cultura com o apoio do governo, disse Rachel Gonzalez-Martin, professora associada de Estudos MexicanoAmericanos e Latinos na Universidade do Texas em Austin. O dia 15 de setembro foi escolhido como ponto de partida para coincidir com o aniversário de “El Grito de Dolores”, ou o “Grito de Dolores”, que foi emitido em 1810 de uma cidade no centro do México que iniciou a guerra daquele país pela independência da Espanha. As nações centroamericanas da Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicarágua e Costa Rica celebram sua independência em 15 de setembro, e o México marca seu dia nacional em 16 de setembro, um dia após o grito pela independência.
Também durante o Mês Nacional da Herança Hispânica, a nação sul-americana do Chile observa seu dia da independência em 18 de setembro. O Dia dos Povos Indígenas, anteriormente
Over the past decade, the month has grown due to the larger Latino consumer base in the U.S., Gonzalez-Martin said. GonzalezMartin said visible support from the federal government, including celebrations at the White House, has also made it easier for Hispanics to celebrate.
“Hispanic Heritage Month was a way in which to be Hispanic blessing,” Gonzalez-Martin said.
“It was a recognition of belonging and that became really powerful.”
The four-week period is about honoring the way Hispanic populations have shaped the U.S. in the past and present, Lammers said.
“It gives us a chance to acknowledge how Latinos have been part of this nation for so many centuries,” Lammers said.
“I think that’s what is great about this. It has allowed us to really dig deeper and a chance to tell our stories.”
conhecido como Dia de Colombo, é observado nos EUA na segunda segunda-feira de outubro. Na última década, o mês cresceu devido à maior base de consumidores latinos nos EUA, disse Gonzalez-Martin. Gonzalez-Martin disse que o apoio visível do governo federal, incluindo celebrações na Casa Branca, também tornou mais fácil para os hispânicos celebrarem. “O Mês da Herança Hispânica foi uma maneira de ser hispânico e latino, mas com Martin. “Foi um reconhecimento de pertencimento e isso se tornou realmente poderoso.”
O período de quatro semanas é sobre homenagear a maneira como as populações hispânicas moldaram os EUA no passado e no presente, disse Lammers. “Isso nos dá a chance de reconhecer como os latinos têm sido parte desta nação por tantos séculos”, disse Lammers. “Acho que é isso que é ótimo sobre isso. Isso nos permitiu realmente cavar mais fundo e uma chance de contar nossas histórias.”
Not everyone who is Hispanic uses that label Hispanic was a term coined by the federal government for people descended from Spanishspeaking cultures. But for some, the label has a connotation of political conservatism and emphasizes a connection to Spain. It sometimes gets mistakenly interchanged with “Latino” or “Latinx.”
their ties to Latin America. So some celebrations are referred to as Latinx or Latin Heritage Month. Latin Americans are not a monolith. There are several depending largely on personal preference. Mexican Americans who grew up during the 1960s Civil Rights era may identify as Chicano. Others may go by their family’s nation of origin such as Colombian American or Salvadoran American. Each culture has unique music, food, art and other cultural touchstones. Celebrations are planned
Nem todo mundo que é hispânico usa esse rótulo Hispânico foi um termo cunhado pelo governo federal para pessoas descendentes de culturas de língua espanhola. Mas para alguns, o rótulo tem uma conotação de conservadorismo político e enfatiza uma conexão com a Espanha. Às vezes, é erroneamente trocado por “Latino” ou “Latinx”. seus laços com a América Latina. Então, algumas celebrações são chamadas de Latinx ou Mês da Herança Latina. Os latino-americanos não são um monólito. Existem americanos, dependendo muito da preferência pessoal. Mexicanosamericanos que cresceram durante a era dos direitos civis dos anos chicanos. Outros podem usar a nação de origem de sua família, como colombiano-americano ou salvadorenho-americano. Cada cultura tem diferenças únicas quando se trata de música, comida, arte e outros marcos culturais.
throughout the month From California to Florida, there will be no shortage of festivities. The celebrations tout traditional Latin foods and entertainment including, mariachi bands, folklórico and salsa lessons. The intent is to showcase the culture of Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and other Latin countries.
Events highlighting Hispanic culture include a quinceañera fashion show in Dallas on Sept. 14, the New York Latino Film Festival, which runs from Sept. 17-22, and the Viva Tampa Bay Hispanic Heritage Festival on Sept. 28-29. The Smithsonian in a slate of activities elevating Hispanic heritage, including a celebration of the life of Celia Cruz and exhibits of art made in Mexico. Associated Press writer Terry Tang contributed to this report.
As celebrações são planejadas ao longo do mês Da Califórnia à Flórida, não faltarão festividades. As celebrações promovem comidas e entretenimento latinos tradicionais, incluindo bandas de mariachi, aulas folclóricas e de salsa. A intenção é mostrar a cultura do México, Porto Rico, Venezuela e
on Sept. 18. Indigenous Peoples’ Day, previously known as Columbus Day, is observed in the U.S. on the second Monday of October.
By Fernanda Figueroa
Translated from Spanish by Macdonald Anyanwu
Press
Por Fernanda Figueroa
Members of the Cathedral City High School Ballet Folklorico pose for photo prior to joining in the Kingdom Day Parade in Los Angeles
Les membres du Ballet Folklorico du lycée Cathedral City posent pour une photo avant de se joindre Angeles, le 16 janvier 2023. (AP
Photo/Richard Vogel, dossier)
De grandes célébrations sont attendues à travers les États-Unis pour célébrer le Mois national du patrimoine hispanique, une tradition annuelle qui met en valeur la diversité et la culture impressionnantes du peuple hispanique.
Célébré chaque année du 15 septembre au 15 octobre, le mois est l’occasion pour de nombreux Américains d’en apprendre davantage sur les contributions des Hispaniques, la minorité raciale ou ethnique qui connaît la croissance la plus rapide du pays, selon le recensement, et de les célébrer. Le groupe comprend des personnes dont les ancêtres viennent d’Espagne, du Mexique, des Caraïbes et d’Amérique centrale et d’Amérique du Sud. Selon les dernières
estimations du recensement, plus de 65 millions de personnes sont ethnique hispanique aux ÉtatsUnis. La semaine du patrimoine embrasse l’histoire tentaculaire des Latinos
Avant le Mois national du patrimoine hispanique, il y avait la Semaine du patrimoine hispanique, qui a été créée par une loi parrainée par le représentant américain américano-mexicain Edward R. Roybal de Los Angeles et promulguée en 1968 par le président Lyndon B. Johnson. La commémoration d’une semaine a été étendue à un mois deux décennies plus tard, avec une loi promulguée par le président Ronald Reagan. “Elle s’est concentrée autour de grandes célébrations pour la communauté”, a déclaré Alberto Lammers, directeur des communications à l’Institut de politique et de politique latino de l’UCLA. “C’est devenu une chance pour les gens de connaître les cultures hispaniques, pour les Latinos de mieux connaître une communauté et pour le public américain de comprendre un peu mieux la longue histoire des Latinos aux États-Unis”.
Ce mois est une façon pour les Hispaniques de mettre en valeur leur diversité et leur culture avec le soutien du gouvernement, a déclaré Rachel Gonzalez-Martin, professeure agrégée d’études américano-mexicaines et latinos à l’Université du Texas à Austin.
Le 15 septembre a été choisi comme point de départ pour coïncider avec l’anniversaire du « Grito de Dolores », ou le « Cri de Dolores », lancé en 1810 depuis une ville du centre du Mexique qui a lancé la guerre d’indépendance de ce pays contre l’Espagne.
Les nations d’Amérique centrale du Guatemala, du Honduras, du Salvador, du Nicaragua et du Costa Rica célèbrent leur indépendance le 15 septembre, et le Mexique célèbre sa fête nationale le 16 septembre, le lendemain du cri d’indépendance.
Au cours du Mois national du patrimoine hispanique, la nation sud-américaine du Chili célèbre également son jour d’indépendance le 18 septembre. La Journée des peuples autochtones, anciennement connue sous le nom de Columbus Day, est célébrée aux États-Unis le deuxième lundi d’octobre.
Maraykanka.”
Xubnaha Dugsiga Sare ee Cathedral City Ballet Folklorico ayaa iska taagay sawir ka hor intaysan ku biirin Bandhiga Maalinta Boqortooyada ee Los Angeles, Jan. 16, 2023. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel, File) Dabaaldegyo waaweyn oo ku baahsan Maraykanka ayaa
Bisha Dhaxalka Isbaanishka ee Qaranka, oo ah caado sannadle ah oo muujisa kala duwanaanshaha iyo dhaqanka cabsida leh ee dadka Hisbaaniga ah. Waxaa la dabaaldegaa sanad walba laga bilaabo Sebtembar 15 ilaa Oct. 15, bisha ayaa fursad u ah qaar badan oo ku nool Mareykanka si ay wax uga bartaan oo ay ugu dabaaldegaan wax ku biirinta Isbaanishka, jinsiyadda ama qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee dalka sida ugu dhaqsaha badan u koraya, marka loo eego tirakoobka. Kooxda waxaa ku jira dad awoowayaashood ka yimaadeen Isbayn, Meksiko, Kariibiyaanka iyo Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta
Ameerika. Waxaa jira in ka badan 65 milyan oo qof oo loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin Hisbaanik asal ahaan gudaha Mareykanka, marka loo eego qiyaasaha tirakoobkii ugu dambeeyay. Todobaadka hiddaha waxa uu xambaarsan yahay taariikhaha Kahor intaanay jirin Bisha Dhaxalka Isbaanishka ee Qaranka, waxaa jiray Todobaadka Dhaxalka Isbaanishka, kaas oo lagu abuuray sharci uu kafaala qaaday Mexico Mareykanka MP Edward R. Roybal ee Los Angeles oo uu saxiixay sharciga 1968-kii Madaxweyne Lyndon B. Johnson. Xuska todobaadlaha ah ayaa la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay muddo labaatan sano ah, iyadoo sharciga uu saxiixay madaxweyne Ronald Reagan. “Waxa lagu soo ururiyey dabaaldegyo waaweyn oo bulshada loo sameeyey,” Alberto Lammers, oo ah agaasimaha isgaarsiinta ee Machadka Siyaasadda iyo Siyaasadda UCLA Latino ayaa yiri. “Waxay u noqotay fursad ay dadku ku ogaadaan dhaqamada Hisbaaniga, si ay Latinos u bartaan bulsho si ka wanaagsan iyo in dadweynaha Maraykanku ay si yar u fahmaan taariikhda dheer ee Latinos ee
Bishu waa hab ay dadka Isbaanishka ah u soo bandhigaan kala duwanaanshahooda iyo dhaqankooda iyagoo taageero ka helaya dawladda, ayay tidhi Rachel Gonzalez-Martin, oo ah
baarista Maraykanka ee Mexico iyo Latino ee Jaamacadda Texas ee Austin. Sebtembar 15 ayaa loo doortay inay noqoto meesha laga bilaabo sannad-guuradii
“El Grito de Dolores,” ama “Cry of Dolores,” oo laga soo saaray 1810 magaalo ku taal bartamaha Mexico oo bilaabay dagaalka dalkaas ee madaxbannaanida Spain. . Waddamada Bartamaha Ameerika ee Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua iyo Costa Rica ayaa u dabbaaldegaya madaxbannaanidooda Sebtember 15, waxayna Mexico u dabbaaldegtaa maalinta qarannimadeeda Sebtembar 16, oo ah maalin ka dib oohinta madaxbannaanida. Sidoo kale inta lagu guda jiro Bisha Dhaxalka Isbaanishka ee Qaranka, qaranka Koonfurta Ameerika ee Chile waxay dhawrtaa maalinta xorriyadda ee Sebtembar 18. Maalinta Dadka asaliga ah, oo hore loogu
Au cours de la dernière décennie, le mois a pris de l’ampleur en raison de la plus grande base de consommateurs latinos aux États-Unis, a déclaré Gonzalez-Martin. GonzalezMartin a déclaré que le soutien visible du gouvernement fédéral, y compris les célébrations à la Maison Blanche, a également facilité la célébration pour les Hispaniques. “Le Mois du patrimoine hispanique était une façon d’être hispanique et latino, mais avec la Gonzalez-Martin. “C’était une reconnaissance d’appartenance et c’est devenu vraiment puissant”.
La période de quatre semaines vise à honorer la façon dont les populations hispaniques ont façonné les États-Unis dans le passé et le présent, a déclaré Lammers. “Cela nous donne l’occasion de reconnaître que les Latinos font partie de cette nation depuis tant de siècles”, a déclaré Lammers. “Je pense que c’est ce qui est formidable dans cette période. Cela nous a permis de creuser plus profondément et de raconter nos histoires”.
Tout le monde n’utilise pas cette étiquette parmi les
Hispaniques Hispanique est un terme inventé par le gouvernement fédéral pour les personnes descendant de cultures hispanophones. Mais pour certains, cette appellation a une connotation de conservatisme politique et met l’accent sur un lien avec l’Espagne. On l’utilise parfois à tort pour parler de « Latino » ou de « Latinx ». Pour certains, le terme « l’Amérique latine. C’est pourquoi certaines célébrations sont appelées « Latinx » ou « Latin Heritage Month ». Les Latino-Américains ne sont pas un monolithe. Il existe
Latino-Américains, qui dépendent en grande partie des préférences personnelles. Les MexicainsAméricains qui ont grandi pendant la période des droits civiques des années 1960 peuvent
D’autres peuvent se référer à la nation d’origine de leur famille, comme les Américains d’origine colombienne ou salvadorienne. Chaque culture a des musique, de nourriture, d’art et d’autres références culturelles.
Maalinta Columbus, ayaa lagu xusay Maraykanka Isniinta labaad ee Oktoobar. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, bishu way kortay sababtoo ah saldhigga macaamiisha ee Latino ee Maraykanka, ayuu yiri GonzalezMartin. Gonzalez-Martin ayaa sheegay in taageerada muuqata ee dowladda federaalka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dabaaldegyada Aqalka Cad, ay sidoo kale u fududeysay dadka Isbaanishka inay dabaaldegaan. “Bisha Dhaxalka Hisbaaniga waxay ahayd hab lagu noqdo Hisbaanik iyo Latino laakiin leh duco rasmi ah,” Gonzalez-Martin ayaa yidhi. “Waxay ahayd aqoonsi lahaanshaha, taasina waxay noqotay mid aad u xoog badan.” Muddada afarta toddobaad ah waxay ku saabsan tahay ixtiraamka habka ay dadka Hispanic u qaabeeyeen Maraykanka waqti hore iyo hadda, ayuu yidhi Lammers. “Waxay na siinaysaa fursad aan ku aqoonsanno sida Latinos ay uga mid ahaayeen qarankan qarniyo badan,” Lammers ayaa yidhi. “Waxaan u maleynayaa arrintan. Waxay noo ogolaatay inaan si qoto dheer u qodno iyo fursad aan ku sheegno sheekooyinkeena.” Qof kasta oo Hisbaanik ah ma isticmaalo calaamadaas Isbaanishku wuxuu ahaa erey ay dawladda federaalku ugu talagashay dadka ka soo farcamay dhaqamada Isbaanishka ku hadla. Laakiin qaar ka mid ah, calaamaddu waxay leedahay siyaasadeed waxayna xoojinaysaa xiriirka Spain. Waxaa mararka qaarkood si khaldan loogu beddelaa “Laatino” ama “Latinx.” Qaar ka mid ah, Latino waxay ka tarjumaysaa xiriirka ay la leeyihiin Latin America. Markaa dabaaldegyada qaar waxaa loo tixraacaa Latinx ama Bisha Dhaxalka Laatiinka. Laatin Ameerikaanku maaha monolith. Waxa jira dhawr aqoonsi oo loogu talagalay dadka Latin America ah, taas oo ku xidhan inta badan dookh shakhsi. Dadka Meksikaanka ah ee ku koray 1960-meeyadii waagii Xuquuqda Madaniga ayaa laga yaabaa in loo aqoonsado Chicano. Kuwa kale waxaa laga yaabaa inay raacaan waddanka ay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan qoyskooda sida Colombian American ama Salvadoran American. Dhaqan kastaa wuxuu leeyahay kala duwanaansho gaar ah marka laga hadlayo
De la Californie à la Floride, les festivités ne manqueront pas. Les célébrations mettent en avant les plats et les divertissements latins traditionnels, notamment des groupes de mariachis, des cours de folklorique et de salsa. L’objectif est de mettre en valeur la culture du Mexique, de Porto Rico, du Venezuela et d’autres pays latins. Parmi les événements mettant en valeur la culture mode pour les quinceañeras à Dallas le 14 septembre, le New York Latino Film Festival, qui se déroulera du 17 au 22 septembre, et le Viva Tampa Bay Hispanic Heritage Festival les 28 et 29 septembre. Le Smithsonian de Washington, D.C., propose une série d’activités mettant en valeur le patrimoine hispanique, notamment une célébration de la vie de Celia Cruz et des expositions d’œuvres d’art fabriquées au Mexique. Le journaliste de l’Associated Press Terry Tang a contribué à ce rapport.
Washiriki wa Shule ya Upili ya Cathedral City Ballet Folklorico wakipiga picha kabla ya kujiunga kwenye Parade ya Siku ya Ufalme huko Los Angeles, Januari 16, 2023. (Picha ya AP/Richard Vogel, Faili) Sherehe kubwa kote Marekani zinatarajiwa kusherehekea Mwezi wa Urithi wa Kitaifa wa Kihispania, utamaduni wa kila mwaka ambao unaonyesha utofauti na utamaduni wa kuvutia wa watu wa Rico. Huadhimishwa kila mwaka kuanzia Septemba 15 hadi Oktoba 15, mwezi huu ni fursa kwa watu wengi nchini Marekani kujifunza kuhusu na kusherehekea michango ya Wahispania, jamii ya watu wa rangi au makabila madogo yanayokuwa kwa kasi nchini, kulingana na sensa. Kundi hilo linajumuisha watu ambao mababu zao wanatoka Hispania, Mexico, Karibea na Amerika ya Kati na Kusini.
Kuna zaidi ya watu milioni 65 waliotambuliwa kama Wahispania wa kikabila nchini Marekani, kulingana na makadirio ya hivi punde ya sensa. Wiki ya Urithi inakumbatia historia zinazoenea za Latinos Kabla ya kuwa na Mwezi wa Urithi wa Kitaifa wa Hispanic, kulikuwa na Wiki ya Urithi wa Kihispania, ambayo iliundwa kupitia sheria iliyofadhiliwa na Mwakilishi wa Marekani wa Meksiko Edward R. Roybal wa Los Angeles na kutiwa saini kuwa sheria mwaka wa 1968 na Rais Lyndon B. Johnson. Maadhimisho hayo ya wiki moja yalipanuliwa hadi mwezi mmoja miongo miwili baadaye, na sheria iliyotiwa saini na Rais Ronald Reagan kuwa sheria. “Iliunganishwa karibu na sherehe kubwa kwa jamii,” Alberto Lammers, mkurugenzi wa mawasiliano katika Taasisi ya Sera na Siasa ya UCLA Latino alisema. “Ikawa nafasi kwa watu kujua tamaduni za Kihispania, kwa Walatino kuifahamu jumuiya vizuri zaidi na kwa umma wa Marekani kuelewa vizuri zaidi historia ndefu ya Latinos nchini Marekani.”
Mwezi huo ni njia ya Wahispania kuonyesha utofauti na tamaduni zao kwa msaada wa serikali, alisema Rachel Gonzalez-Martin, profesa msaidizi wa Mafunzo ya Mexican American na Latino katika Chuo Kikuu cha Texas huko Austin. Septemba 15 ilichaguliwa kama sehemu ya kuanzia sanjari na ukumbusho wa “El Grito de Dolores,” au “Cry of Dolores,” ambayo ilitolewa mwaka wa 1810 kutoka mji wa katikati mwa Mexico ambao ulianzisha vita vya uhuru wa nchi hiyo kutoka kwa Uhispania. . Mataifa ya Amerika ya Kati ya Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua na Costa Rica yanasherehekea uhuru wao Septemba 15, na Mexico inaadhimisha siku yake ya kitaifa mnamo Septemba 16, siku moja baada ya kilio cha uhuru. Pia wakati wa Mwezi wa Urithi wa Kitaifa wa Rico, taifa la Amerika Kusini la Chile huadhimisha siku yake ya uhuru mnamo Septemba 18. Siku ya Watu wa Kiasili, ambayo hapo awali ilijulikana kama Siku ya Columbus, huadhimishwa nchini Marekani Jumatatu ya pili ya
Oktoba. Katika muongo mmoja uliopita, mwezi umekua kutokana na msingi mkubwa wa watumiaji wa Kilatino nchini Marekani, Gonzalez-Martin alisema. Gonzalez-Martin alisema msaada unaoonekana kutoka kwa serikali ya shirikisho, pamoja na sherehe katika Ikulu ya White House, pia umerahisisha kwa Hispanics kusherehekea. “Mwezi wa Urithi wa Kihispania ulikuwa njia ya kuwa Mhispania na Kilatino lakini kwa baraka rasmi,” Gonzalez-Martin alisema. “Ilikuwa ni utambuzi wa kuwa mali na hiyo ikawa na nguvu sana.” Kipindi cha wiki nne ni juu ya kuheshimu jinsi watu wa Uhispania wameunda Amerika hapo awali na sasa, Lammers alisema. “Inatupa nafasi ya kukiri jinsi Latinos wamekuwa sehemu ya taifa hili kwa karne nyingi,” Lammers alisema. “Nadhani hilo ndilo jambo kuu kuhusu hili. Imeturuhusu kuchimba zaidi na nafasi ya kusimulia hadithi zetu.” Sio kila mtu ambaye ni Mhispania anatumia lebo hiyo Kihispania lilikuwa neno lililobuniwa na serikali ya shirikisho kwa watu waliotoka katika tamaduni zinazozungumza Kihispania. Lakini kwa wengine, wa kisiasa na inasisitiza uhusiano na Uhispania. Wakati mwingine inabadilishwa kimakosa na “Latino” au “Latinx.” Kwa wengine, Latino huonyesha uhusiano wao na Amerika ya Kusini. Kwa hivyo sherehe zingine hurejelewa kama Mwezi wa Kilatini au Urithi wa Kilatini. Wamarekani wa Kilatini sio monolith. Kuna vitambulishi kadhaa kwa Waamerika Kusini, kulingana na upendeleo wa kibinafsi. Wamarekani wa Mexico ambao walikua wakati wa miaka ya 1960 enzi ya Haki za Kiraia wanaweza kujitambulisha kama Chicano. Wengine wanaweza kwenda kulingana na taifa la asili la familia zao kama vile Colombian American au Salvador American. Kila utamaduni una tofauti za kipekee linapokuja suala la muziki, chakula, sanaa na vijiwe vingine vya kugusa kitamaduni. Sherehe hupangwa mwezi mzima
iyo dhagxaanta kale ee dhaqanka. Dabaaldegyo ayaa la qorsheeyay bisha oo dhan Laga bilaabo California ilaa Florida, ma jiri doono gabaabsi ka kooban yahay cunnooyinka iyo maaweelada Latinka ee dhaqameed oo ay ku jiraan, kooxaha mariachi, folklórico iyo casharrada salsa. Ujeedadu waa in la soo bandhigo dhaqanka Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela iyo wadamada kale ee Latinka. Dhacdooyinka muujinaya dhaqanka Hisbaaniga waxaa ka mid ah bandhig faneedka quinceañera ee Dallas Sebtembar 14, Bandhiga Filimka Latino ee New York,
Sebtembar 17-22, iyo Viva
Sebtember 28-29. Smithsonian-ka
D.C., waxa uu bixinayaa hawlo kor u qaadaya hiddaha Hisbaaniga, oo ay ku jiraan dabbaaldegga nolosha Celia Cruz iyo bandhigyada farshaxan ee lagu sameeyay Mexico. Qoraaga Associated Press Terry Tang ayaa gacan ka geystay warbixintan.
Kutoka California hadi Florida, hakutakuwa na upungufu wa sherehe. Sherehe hizo zinahusisha vyakula na burudani vya asili vya Kilatini ikijumuisha, bendi za mariachi, folklórico na masomo ya salsa. Nia ni kuonyesha utamaduni wa Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela na nchi nyingine za Kilatini. Matukio yanayoangazia utamaduni wa Kihispania ni pamoja na onyesho la mitindo la quinceañera huko Dallas mnamo Septemba 14, Tamasha la Filamu la New York la Latino, litakaloanza Septemba 17-22, na Tamasha la Urithi wa Urithi wa Viva Tampa Bay mnamo Septemba 28-29. Mwana Smithsonian huko Washington, D.C., anatoa safu ya shughuli za kuinua urithi wa Kihispania, ikiwa ni pamoja na sherehe ya maisha ya Celia Cruz na maonyesho ya sanaa yaliyofanywa nchini Mexico. Mwandishi wa Wanahabari Associated Terry Tang alichangia ripoti hii.
yaqaanay
muusiga, cuntada, farshaxanka
