/07p6

Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

GPR Techniques in Asphalt Diagnostics Timo Saarenketo, PhD Managing Director Roadscanners Tomi Herronen, MSc Office Chief Roadscanners

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CONSULTING - SOFTWARE - R&D - ROAD SURVEYS – INSTRUMENTS

Focus: existing traffic infrastructure management

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ROADSCANNERS GROUP 2007 Partners & Dealerships:

Rovaniemi

Dynatest Geophysical Survey Systems Borlänge Adek 3d-Radar Vianova Roadscanners Sweden Ab

Roadscanners Oy Tampere Helsinki Roadscanners Exports 2006

Brora

Sweden

6%

USA

7%

Canada

3% 31 %

1%

Lithuania

2%

Norway

2% Karlsruhe

Turnover 2006: 1.8 M€ Consulting 60% Software 16 % Instruments 24 %

UK

Poland Spain

5%

Greece 2%

South-Africa

4%

South-Korea Israel Denmark 12 % 1%

24 % Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

ROADSCANNERS 2007

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FORENSIC SURVEYS WITH GPR: ASPHALT AND CONCRETE PAVEMENT SURVEYS: PAVEMENT DAMAGE EVALUATIONS: • Stripping • Moisture Barriers • Debonding • Cracking • Segregation • Voids Beneath Concrete Pavement Joints • Concrete Pavement Delamination

Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

DETECTING STRIPPING IN ASPHALT PAVEMENT: CASE TH23 WILMAR, MINNESOTA TH23 WILMAR, MINNESOTA

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DETECTING ASPHALT STRIPPING TH 23, WILLMAR, MINNESOTA, USA, SOUTHBOUND LANE

Asphalt, sound

Asphalt with stripping defects

Subgrade

Asphalt, sound Asphalt with stripping defects Subgrade

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GPR IN DETECTING STRIPPING: Case: Killimster Moss, Caithness, Scotland

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209+100 210+000

Motorway A2 Ladek Toll Plaza - Modla Dielectric values 215+000 220+000 225+000 230+000 235+000 238+200

209+100

210+000 215+000

220+000

Surface reflection 0 – 35mm

225+000 230+000 235+000

238+200

Dielectric values: Blue – High values – Moist Red – Low values – Dry

Layer 2 40 – 80mm Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

Wr-La South - Deformation

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Chloride Related Problems: E4 – Vid Höga Kusten; Sweden 1998

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Chloride Related Problems Kemi – Tornio Motorway 2001-2002

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Frozen and thawed drill cores

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FWD Data: fall 2001, spring 2002

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Asfalttiliitto ry Päällystekurssit 2003

ABK + BST moduulit 2001 ja 2002 Suunta Tornio – Kemi, oikea kaista

(Laskettu Road Doctor – Elmod 4.5 Ohjelmistolla) 8000

7000

To_Ke_E1_2002 To_Ke_E1_2001 6000

5000

MPa

Syksy 2001: ka 3167 MPa 4000

3000

2000

Kevät 2002: ka 1717 MPa

1000

0 2500

3500

4500

5500

6500

7500

8500

9500

10500

11500

12500

13500

14500

15500 16500

17500

18500

19500

(m) Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

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GPR DATA ANALYSIS OPTIONS IN ASPHALT FORENSICS

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Integrated Analysis of GPR, FWD and Drill Cores

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Calculating BC paramameters and Risk Analysis CASE B871 – Kinbrace to Syre

GPR data

Pavement thickness (mm) FWD deflecions

ura

BC Class strain subgr moduli R300 defl radius

Distress Ant. heights.

Er value Risk class Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

Swedish Bearing Capacity Indexes: Strain in Asphalt Bottom (microstrain) - HW 6 Lappeenranta

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Swedish Bearing Capacity Indexes: Deflection radius R300 (mm) - HW 6 Lappeenranta

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DIELECTRIC VALUE DEVIATION OF ASPHALT SURFACE (defects close to surface)

1.5 GHz GPR data Bound Base Asphalt Unbound Base Sub Base Subgrade

Surface dielectrics measured by 1.0 GHz Horn antenna

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DIELECTRIC VALUE DEVIATION OF ASPHALT SURFACE

Right lane

Left lane

Heavy trucks use left lane – higher distress level – higher asphalt dielectric deviation

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

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Roadscanner 2007

DIELECTRIC VALUE DEVIATION OF ASPHALT SURFACE Case Friesland seaside

Upper dike Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

DIELECTRIC VALUE DEVIATION OF ASPHALT SURFACE Case Friesland

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AMPLITUDE ANALYSIS AND TIME SLICE DISPLAY

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Wr-La South - Cracks

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Attenuation Analysis

1.0 Ghz Horn antenna data, channel 1 Attenuation 3 ns

Attenuation 6 ns

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Analysing Frequency Response in Asphalt 16

12

#14 Tohmo Granite , K´dry #14 Tohmo Granite , K´ads #6 Limestone K´-dry

10

#6 Limestone K´-ads

real part K´

14

8

#2 Gran/Bas K´-dry

6

#2 Gran/Bas K´-ads 4

2 0 0

1

2

3

frequency (GHz)

16

#14 Tohmo Grani te , K´´dry #14 Tohmo Grani te , K´´ads #6 Limestone K´´-dry

imaginary part K´´

14 12 10 8

#6 Limestone K´´-ads

6

#2 Gran/Bas K´´-dry

4

#2 Gran/Bas K´´-ads

dielectric value, real part K´

4

3,6 3,2

K'-fresh K'-10h aged

2,8

K'-15h aged

2,4 2 0,000

1,000

2,000

3,000

frequency (GHz)

2 0 0

0,5

1

1,5

2

frequency (GHz)

2,5

3 Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

Roadscanner 2007

Analysing Frequency Response in Asphalt

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ROADSCANNERS RAILWAY ANALYSIS OUTPUT EXAMPLE

GPR profile from center line

Thickness interpretation from center line Surface map of ballast thickness (blue 0-5ft red ) from all 3 passes

Surface map of ballast fouling index (blue 0 - 45 red ) from all 3 passes Ballast fouling index curve average from 3 passes (left, center, right)

Fouling index classification 0=0-10, 1=10 to <20, 2=20 to <40, 3= >40 + Comments Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

High Frequency Ground Coupled Data Analysis

Asphalt, sound

Asphalt with stripping defects

Subgrade

Asphalt, sound

Asphalt with stripping defects Subgrade

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High Frequency Ground Coupled Data Analysis

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Ensuring that Base Course is Ok

A.

B. Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.

Monitoring moisture: Dielectric value in base course surface - HW 6 Lappeenranta

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Roadscanner 2007

Integrated GPR + Digital and Thermal Camera Analysis

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3D GPR technique

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Roadscanner 2007

3d Radar Tests on Airports

Segregation on top asphalt layer

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3d radar Pavement Distress Diagnosis Roadscanner 2007

level 80 mm

Cracks in second overlay

level 130 mm

Cable

Severe pavement distress in 3rd layer

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3200

3300

Asphalt bottom Longitudinal profile

Cross section

Bottom/sea

Time slice: 10 cm depth (Er=7)

Top

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Thank You!

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Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.