Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
GPR Techniques in Asphalt Diagnostics Timo Saarenketo, PhD Managing Director Roadscanners Tomi Herronen, MSc Office Chief Roadscanners
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CONSULTING - SOFTWARE - R&D - ROAD SURVEYS – INSTRUMENTS
Focus: existing traffic infrastructure management
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ROADSCANNERS GROUP 2007 Partners & Dealerships:
Rovaniemi
Dynatest Geophysical Survey Systems Borlänge Adek 3d-Radar Vianova Roadscanners Sweden Ab
Roadscanners Oy Tampere Helsinki Roadscanners Exports 2006
Brora
Sweden
6%
USA
7%
Canada
3% 31 %
1%
Lithuania
2%
Norway
2% Karlsruhe
Turnover 2006: 1.8 M€ Consulting 60% Software 16 % Instruments 24 %
UK
Poland Spain
5%
Greece 2%
South-Africa
4%
South-Korea Israel Denmark 12 % 1%
24 % Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
ROADSCANNERS 2007
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FORENSIC SURVEYS WITH GPR: ASPHALT AND CONCRETE PAVEMENT SURVEYS: PAVEMENT DAMAGE EVALUATIONS: • Stripping • Moisture Barriers • Debonding • Cracking • Segregation • Voids Beneath Concrete Pavement Joints • Concrete Pavement Delamination
Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
DETECTING STRIPPING IN ASPHALT PAVEMENT: CASE TH23 WILMAR, MINNESOTA TH23 WILMAR, MINNESOTA
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DETECTING ASPHALT STRIPPING TH 23, WILLMAR, MINNESOTA, USA, SOUTHBOUND LANE
Asphalt, sound
Asphalt with stripping defects
Subgrade
Asphalt, sound Asphalt with stripping defects Subgrade
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GPR IN DETECTING STRIPPING: Case: Killimster Moss, Caithness, Scotland
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209+100 210+000
Motorway A2 Ladek Toll Plaza - Modla Dielectric values 215+000 220+000 225+000 230+000 235+000 238+200
209+100
210+000 215+000
220+000
Surface reflection 0 – 35mm
225+000 230+000 235+000
238+200
Dielectric values: Blue – High values – Moist Red – Low values – Dry
Layer 2 40 – 80mm Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
Wr-La South - Deformation
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Chloride Related Problems: E4 – Vid Höga Kusten; Sweden 1998
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Chloride Related Problems Kemi – Tornio Motorway 2001-2002
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Frozen and thawed drill cores
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FWD Data: fall 2001, spring 2002
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Asfalttiliitto ry Päällystekurssit 2003
ABK + BST moduulit 2001 ja 2002 Suunta Tornio – Kemi, oikea kaista
(Laskettu Road Doctor – Elmod 4.5 Ohjelmistolla) 8000
7000
To_Ke_E1_2002 To_Ke_E1_2001 6000
5000
MPa
Syksy 2001: ka 3167 MPa 4000
3000
2000
Kevät 2002: ka 1717 MPa
1000
0 2500
3500
4500
5500
6500
7500
8500
9500
10500
11500
12500
13500
14500
15500 16500
17500
18500
19500
(m) Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
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GPR DATA ANALYSIS OPTIONS IN ASPHALT FORENSICS
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Integrated Analysis of GPR, FWD and Drill Cores
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Calculating BC paramameters and Risk Analysis CASE B871 – Kinbrace to Syre
GPR data
Pavement thickness (mm) FWD deflecions
ura
BC Class strain subgr moduli R300 defl radius
Distress Ant. heights. Er value Risk class Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
Swedish Bearing Capacity Indexes: Strain in Asphalt Bottom (microstrain) - HW 6 Lappeenranta
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Swedish Bearing Capacity Indexes: Deflection radius R300 (mm) - HW 6 Lappeenranta
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DIELECTRIC VALUE DEVIATION OF ASPHALT SURFACE (defects close to surface)
1.5 GHz GPR data Bound Base Asphalt Unbound Base Sub Base Subgrade
Surface dielectrics measured by 1.0 GHz Horn antenna
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DIELECTRIC VALUE DEVIATION OF ASPHALT SURFACE
Right lane
Left lane
Heavy trucks use left lane – higher distress level – higher asphalt dielectric deviation
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
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Roadscanner 2007
DIELECTRIC VALUE DEVIATION OF ASPHALT SURFACE Case Friesland seaside
Upper dike Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
DIELECTRIC VALUE DEVIATION OF ASPHALT SURFACE Case Friesland
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AMPLITUDE ANALYSIS AND TIME SLICE DISPLAY
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Wr-La South - Cracks
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Attenuation Analysis
1.0 Ghz Horn antenna data, channel 1 Attenuation 3 ns
Attenuation 6 ns
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Analysing Frequency Response in Asphalt 16
12
#14 Tohmo Granite , K´dry #14 Tohmo Granite , K´ads #6 Limestone K´-dry
10
#6 Limestone K´-ads
real part K´
14
8
#2 Gran/Bas K´-dry
6
#2 Gran/Bas K´-ads 4
2 0 0
1
2
3
frequency (GHz)
16
#14 Tohmo Grani te , K´´dry #14 Tohmo Grani te , K´´ads #6 Limestone K´´-dry
imaginary part K´´
14 12 10 8
#6 Limestone K´´-ads
6
#2 Gran/Bas K´´-dry
4
#2 Gran/Bas K´´-ads
dielectric value, real part K´
4
3,6 3,2
K'-fresh K'-10h aged
2,8
K'-15h aged
2,4 2 0,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
frequency (GHz)
2 0 0
0,5
1
1,5
2
frequency (GHz)
2,5
3 Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
Roadscanner 2007
Analysing Frequency Response in Asphalt
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ROADSCANNERS RAILWAY ANALYSIS OUTPUT EXAMPLE
GPR profile from center line
Thickness interpretation from center line Surface map of ballast thickness (blue 0-5ft red ) from all 3 passes
Surface map of ballast fouling index (blue 0 - 45 red ) from all 3 passes Ballast fouling index curve average from 3 passes (left, center, right)
Fouling index classification 0=0-10, 1=10 to <20, 2=20 to <40, 3= >40 + Comments Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
High Frequency Ground Coupled Data Analysis
Asphalt, sound
Asphalt with stripping defects
Subgrade
Asphalt, sound
Asphalt with stripping defects Subgrade
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High Frequency Ground Coupled Data Analysis
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Ensuring that Base Course is Ok
A.
B. Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.
Monitoring moisture: Dielectric value in base course surface - HW 6 Lappeenranta
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Roadscanner 2007
Integrated GPR + Digital and Thermal Camera Analysis
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3D GPR technique
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Roadscanner 2007
3d Radar Tests on Airports
Segregation on top asphalt layer
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3d radar Pavement Distress Diagnosis Roadscanner 2007
level 80 mm
Cracks in second overlay
level 130 mm
Cable
Severe pavement distress in 3rd layer
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3200
3300
Asphalt bottom Longitudinal profile
Cross section
Bottom/sea
Time slice: 10 cm depth (Er=7)
Top
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Thank You!
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Copyright 2006 Roadscanners Oy. All Rights Reserved.