Figure 3: Global Digital Health Index

The second is a prospective framework focusing on ‘sustaining the surge’, for which the study used the Global Digital Health Index 7-part framework29. This is used to analyze and identify where implementation of Kuunika and the programmatic pivots may support maintaining the surge at new higher levels. This framework allows for exploration of the influence of other contextual factors.

Figure 3: Global Digital Health Index

Lastly, the study also utilizes digital or technology related frameworks by Corver and Elkhuizen (2014)30 , and Venkatesh et al. (2003)31 . Corver and Elkhuizen (2014) propound that digital transformation ought to begin and serve the customer first. Its premise is that everything starts with and centres on a customer as a key stakeholder. Thus, a digital transformation process must be tailored towards who the customers are, their needs, and the service(s) that would improve their experience. On his part, Venkatesh et al. (2003) developed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) which incorporates other theories such as the theory of planned behaviour, innovation diffusion theory and the social cognitive theory. The UTAUT theory posits that environmental, social and economic factors are directly linked to individuals’ behavioural changes in how they do things or undertake a particular endeavour. This theory speaks directly to the COVID-19 pandemic which goes beyond a public health problem into an issue that has affected all aspects of life. The framework looks at individuals’ willingness to accept and adopt, or reject, technological innovations introduced to bring about change in their setting or organization.

29 Global Digital Health Index

30 Corver, Q., & Elkhuizen, G. (2014). A Framework for Digital Business Transformation 31 Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a unified view.