061 by International Journal

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Rooftop Solar Plant Installation of 25KW Mr. Jyotish Kumar Patel* & Dr. Dharma Buddhi* *Dual Degree (B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering + M.Tech. Energy Engineering), Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Dist. Rajasthan, India *Centre of Excellence, (M.Tech) Energy Research & Utilization, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India Abstract : The solar cells are available in two forms depending on the nature of the material used for its production. The two main forms are crystalline solar cells and solar cells in thin layers. Lens solar cells until now have higher conversion efficiencies with regard to the photovoltaic cells and the main types are mono-crystalline and polycrystalline cells. The thin film solar cells, much less efficient than crystalline silicon offer greater promise for largescale energy. Solar energy in India is linked to the rapid development of industry, with a total installed capacity of solar power network of 8,062 MW (8 GW) of 31 July 2016. In January 2015, the Government of India significantly expanded its floor plans, US $ 100 billion investment and 100 GW solar (40 GW sunroof ) started in 2022 the large scale use of solar orientation only in 2010, but the ambitious targets India would be to install more than double the global leaders of China and Germany in the late 2015 period. Lant generates the electricity rate <(less than) Rs.3 / unit compared to normal tables provide electricity at Rs. 10-15 / unit. ROI (return on investment) is 3 to 5 years, while the life of the solar power plant is more than 25 years. Therefore, the client will get the advantage of solar energy over 20 to 22 years. The government grant of 30% offered in India, which will lower floor of a relatively low cost. Tax income of the accelerated depreciation of 80% the first year and 20% next year CAPEX effectively reduce the cost of the plant in India.

1. Introduction 1.1 Sun as the main source of solar energy Energy in the form of chemicals from fossil fuel, biomass energy is obtained from the degradation of plants and animals, and water power is called hydropower and solar energy can be obtained by the falling sun sunlight on the solar panel, the sun as a star and still five billion years. If we talk about human point of view, it is an inexhaustible source of energy. The virile energy divided into two outside

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(1) Renewable energy (2) Non-renewable energy source. The electricity industry in India had an installed capacity of 305.55 GW to 31 August 2016 capacity. Renewable energy plants constitute 28% of the total installed capacity.

1.2 Photovoltaic an overview 1.2.1 Nature of semiconductor Electrical energy is obtained by converting electromagnetic radiation into electrical energy of this phenomenon is essentially photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic phenomenon has basically the nature of the energy transformation. There are two types of semiconductor (1) Intrinsic semiconductor (2) Extrinsic semiconductor. In semiconductors pure intrinsic semiconductors are extrinsic semiconductors present and the impure semiconductor are present impure semiconductor has .The N conductivity type and contains negative charge carriers that is, free electrons or p-type conductivity: for loading support positive will say (holes) .If speaks of silicon has a diamond structure and is 14 electrons and electron energy covalent bond can form .The required specific energy value of periodic motion .These are the categories (1) Energy permissible band (2) The energy of the band gap The group contains valance electron valence electron level of energy in very low temperature .In - sorted electron energy band cannot circulate the energy level .The energy level between the band valence band and the conduction is called level Fermi.

Fig No. 1.1:-Energy level between bands

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in When a photon strikes the electronic band interval and then break the valence band and converting the conduction band and the conduction band valance .The partially moved to the Fermi level .The electron in the conduction band for this reason capable to carry electric current and the electron current area left free valence band and electronic switches to another level. The valence electron to the different direction in different electric field such that the field strength of the positively charged particle called holes, the not equal. Holes and electrons in semiconductor photon energy intrinsic must be exceeding the band gap when the electron-hole pair is generated.

Fig No.1.3:-Solar electrical circuit 1.2.3 Function of photovoltaic cell Photovoltaic cell has large area p-n junction .it produce electricity from sunlight. Photovoltaic cell is typically made of silicon, germanium type of material, when these materials by sunlight heats then produce a voltage at the junction. 1.2.4 Working of P-V cell

Fig No. 1.2:-Fermi level and band banding in p type and n type semiconductor Photo means light and voltaic term means tension, the principle of the photovoltaic cell based on the photovoltaic effect, electricity generated by sunlight. 1.2.2 Photovoltaic effects In photovoltaic effect when sunlight or the incident sunlight on the surface of the solar cell then the energy observed by the valence band so excited and try to jump the conduction band and the electromotive force generated the energy transfer what light into electrical energy. The scientist Sir A.E Becquerel gave the idea about the photovoltaic effect. ď&#x192;&#x2DC; ď&#x192;&#x2DC;

In the photovoltaic effect of the generation of charge carriers due to photon absorption semiconductor. Division of charge between junctions.

The strike of solar radiation on the module PV form of photons and the electric power generated direct current dc current form that can be used by UPS and stored by the battery for use in appliances.

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PV cellular material has an atom having a positive charge and the electron has a negative charge around the pair of electrons and holes to recombine .When nuclease treated together .If the phenomenon doping impurity is added or doping .The finished more electrons in the outside of the cell because this particle negatively charged electron is free to move , the sun has both n-type and p- type semi transfer connected conduction electrons and the other n-type p-type because of this difference in voltage developed by the union of cells observed .When light , while the energy of the electrons will flow down due to the natural tendency and flow holes room for this reason will develop matching circuit. 1.2.5 Separation of charge carrier Two modes are available for separation of charge carrier (1) Drift (2) Diffusion 1.2.6 Type of solar photovoltaic panel There are three types of solar panel. 1. Mono Crystalline (Single Crystalline) 2. Polly Crystalline (Multi Crystalline) 3. Amorphous Table No. 1:-Efficiency of solar module Cell materials Module Efficiency Mono crystalline silicon materials Poly crystalline silicon materials Amorphous silicon materials

20%- 25% 13% -16% 5%-10%

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

2. Experimental materials and method This project was carried out on top floor of International Hindu School, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. We took reading at different days and different climate condition. In this project many component is used to install the 25 KW roof top solar power plants.

2.1 Component description There is following component which was used during project work 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Solar PV modules Mounting structure Array junction box Direct current distribution box Inverter Alternating current distribution box Lightning Arrestors Earthling kit

2.2 Experimental procedure A photovoltaic system on the roof or a photovoltaic system on the roof is a photovoltaic system that solar panels produce electricity mounted on the roof of a building or a residential or commercial structure. The different components of a system of this type include photovoltaic modules, mounting systems, cables and other electrical accessories solar inverters. Mounted roof systems are small compared to photovoltaic plants mounted to the floor with capacity of megawatt. Photovoltaic systems on the roof of the overall residential buildings have a capacity of about 5 to 20 kilowatts (kW), while those in commercial buildings often reach 100 kilowatts or more.

The roof capacity, where the solar panels will be installed load must also be performed. Solar panel structure normally 15 kg per square meter and the roof must be able to support the load. 2.2.1. Open circuit voltage (voc):- Open circuit voltage is the electrical potential difference between two terminals of a device when it is disconnected from any circuit. No external load connected. No external electrical current flows between the terminals. Sometimes the symbol is given Voc. In this voltage network analysis is also known that the venin voltage of.

Where k = Boltzmann constant, T = temperature, and I SC =short circuit current. 2.2.2. Short circuit current (Isc):- The shortcircuit current is the current through the solar cell when the voltage across the solar cell is equal to zero (when the solar cell is short-circuited). Usually, it is written that the SAI, the short-circuit current shown in curve IV below.

Other considerations for the installation of a solar system Although a solar photovoltaic system can produce electricity through direct sunlight or scattered sun, but it is very important to assess the amount of light available where you are installing a solar photovoltaic system. To collect sunlight to the maximum the ideal orientation of a solar panel is facing south. However, a 45 degrees east or west of the south may also work. The system should be placed in such a place that there is no obstruction from trees or adjacent buildings. In case you have not completed these requirements, an expert should be hired to do a detailed analysis of the available light

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Fig No.2.1:- Current and Voltage Curve

2.2.3. Efficiency (Îˇ) It is the ratio between the input power output power to take off the battery and take power output and maximum power point and the surface of the solar

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in cell as the input source. It depends on various cell types. For the assessment of the effectiveness of the module output power divided by the radiation and the region.

Where Pin = Radiation * panel area, Vm=maximum voltage, Im= Maximum current

2.3 Factors affecting the roof area required The extension of the roof area required by a photovoltaic solar plant depends on two factors (1)Shade-free roof area (2)Panel efficiency (1)Shade-free roof area: - Used roof will not be evaluated by the impact of the shadows throughout the year to determine the extent of the area free of shadows for the installation of a photovoltaic solar plant on the roof. We insist on the roof area without shade, like shadows affect the performance of photovoltaic systems in two ways Output: - When a shadow falls on a PV panel it reduces the output from the plant. Panel damage: - When a shadow falls on a part of a panel, this part of the panel extends from a controller in strength and begins heating. This part of the panel and burn the whole panel must be replaced. This will not be covered under warranty. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that no shadow falls on the photovoltaic system throughout the year. Shadows falling on the ground can be. Neighbouring Structures: -Buildings, signs, cell phone towers, and even trees can cast a shadow on the roof of a photovoltaic system. In many cities in the world where residential and commercial buildings have a number of buildings and other neighbouring structures, shading analysis will be an important consideration before estimating the actual area available for sunroof appearance. The PV plant itself: -A row of panels can cast a shadow over the row behind them; further we move from Ecuador, plus the shadow that is cast and the

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amount of space needed between the rows of panels (2)Panel efficiency: -Panel footprint efficiency influences on the roof because the efficiency is calculated from the area occupied by the panel. A simple way to understand the relationship between the efficiency of the panel and roof space is necessary to remember that a plant on the roof that uses panels with a rating lower performance will require more space on the roof of a factory that uses panels with higher efficiency ratio. The purpose for which the solar system is desired Feeding into the grid: -If the state allows solar policy, its roof electricity can be supplied to the network and received based payment to a Feed-in Tariff- (FIT) or net metering.

Diesel substitution: - The plant will be integrated with the diesel generator and the power grid to act as a backup diesel generator and the power grid. In addition, the investor must be able to switch between sources. This solution can be quite complex if multiple diesel generators are used. Off-grid solution: - It is used in areas where the electricity grid is absent; this solution requires an investor outside the network. Night-Time usage: -As solar energy is generated during the day, energy storage solutions are considered part of the roof of the factory. 2.4 Solar PV system sizing Determine the requirements

energy

consumption

The first step in designing a solar photovoltaic system is to discover the power and total energy consumption of all charges must be provided by photovoltaic solar energy system as follows (1) Total energy requirement / day (Wh) = Wattage of appliance x No. of appliance x Hours of Working (2) System size = Energy requirement x 1.3 / Generation (3) No. of panels = System size / Panel Rating

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Table 4.10:- PV system sizing and area required Rooftop space require (SF) plant capacity 1 KW 2 KW 5 KW 125 250 625 120 240 600 115 231 577 111 222 566 107 214 536 103 207 517 100 200 500 97 194 484 94 188 469

Panel efficiency 12.0% 12.5% 13.0% 13.5% 14.0% 14.5% 15.0% 15.5% 16.0%

10 KW 1250 1200 1154 1111 1071 1034 1000 968 938

3. Observation table Table No 3.1 Overall Power Generation in KWh on July Date 1-Jul-16

Generate Electricity (KWh) 52.21

2-Jul-16

45.72

3-Jul-16

34.72

4-Jul-16

57.48

5-Jul-16

68.33

6-Jul-16

69.76

7-Jul-16

52.35

8-Jul-16

64.16

9-Jul-16

58.73

10-Jul-16

62.55

11-Jul-16

47.22

12-Jul-16

24.04

13-Jul-16

40.9

14-Jul-16

29.35

15-Jul-16

14.28

16-Jul-16

19.89

17-Jul-16

24.66

18-Jul-16

61.39

19-Jul-16

56.16

20-Jul-16

61.91

21-Jul-16

57.15

22-Jul-16

48.71

23-Jul-16

27.7

24-Jul-16

20.14

25-Jul-16

30.63

26-Jul-16

33.77

27-Jul-16

29.84

28-Jul-16

47.27

29-Jul-16

57.69

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 30-Jul-16

46.47

31-Jul-16

38.15

TOTAL

1383.33

Generate Electricity (KWh) 80

Generate Electricity (KWh)

69,76 68,33

57,48

50 52,21 45,72 40 34,72 30

64,16 62,55 58,73

61,39 61,91 56,16 57,15

52,35

48,71

47,22

47,27 46,47

40,9

38,15

29,35 24,04

57,69

24,66 19,89 14,28

27,7

33,77 30,63 29,84

20,14

10 0

Date

Graph No. 3.1 Variation in between Date and Generate Electricity (KWh) Date 1-Jul-16 2-Jul-16 3-Jul-16 4-Jul-16 5-Jul-16 6-Jul-16 7-Jul-16 8-Jul-16 9-Jul-16 10-Jul-16 11-Jul-16 12-Jul-16 13-Jul-16 14-Jul-16 15-Jul-16 16-Jul-16 17-Jul-16 18-Jul-16 19-Jul-16 20-Jul-16

Generate Electricity (KWh) 52.21 45.72 34.72 57.48 68.33 69.76 52.35 64.16 58.73 62.55 47.22 24.04 40.9 29.35 14.28 19.89 24.66 61.39 56.16 61.91

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Solar radiation on inclined solar panel (KW/m2) 4.32 4.14 4.28 4.73 4.45 4.17 4.31 4.79 4.76 5.51 5.18 3.15 4.93 3.18 3.52 3.39 3.47 4.31 4.81 5.28

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 21-Jul-16 22-Jul-16 23-Jul-16 24-Jul-16 25-Jul-16 26-Jul-16 27-Jul-16 28-Jul-16 29-Jul-16 30-Jul-16 31-Jul-16

57.15 5.09 48.71 4.44 27.7 3.67 20.14 3.08 30.63 4.38 33.77 3.65 29.84 3.13 47.27 4.73 57.69 4.86 46.47 4.79 38.15 4.39 44.62 Average 4.28 Table No. – 3.2 Overall power generation in (KWh) and solar radiation on inclined solar panel (KW /m2) on July

Generate Electricity (KWh)

Variation between Generate Electricity (KWh) and Radiation (KW/m2) 80 70 69,76 68,33 64,16 62,55 61,39 61,91 60 58,73 57,69 57,48 56,16 57,15 52,35 52,21 50 48,71 47,27 46,47 47,22 45,72 40,9 40 38,15 34,72 33,77 30,63 30 29,84 29,35 27,7 24,66 24,04 20 20,14 19,89 14,28 10 4,324,144,284,734,454,174,314,794,765,515,183,154,933,183,523,393,474,314,815,285,094,443,673,084,383,653,134,734,864,794,39 0

Date Generate Electricity (KWh)

Radiation (KW/m2)

Graph No. 3.2:- Variation between Generate Electricity (KWh) and solar radiation on inclined solar panel (KW/m2) on July

4. Result and discussion

A bi-directional meter before connecting the grid to ACDB (Alternating current distribution box)

4.1 Experimental data

DCDB (Direct current distribution box) – 16 square mm X 2

Panel angle is 30o from azimuth

ACDB (Alternating current distribution box) – 16 square mm X 4

The DCMCB in the array junction box will be of 15 Amp, 1000 V DC The wire from array junction box to inverter will be of 16 square mm solar cable. The AC wire shall be 3.5 core of 16 square mm.

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Neutral – 2.5 square mm X 1 Three wire positive (+ ve), negative (- ve), and neutral wire from AJB (Array junction box) to DCDB (Direct current distribution box).

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in AC input from grid to inverter shall be RYBN. Total area required 25 KW rooftop power plant is 2500 square feet. Total number of panel used is 250 Wp X 100 noâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

is 29124 KWh. Average electricity monthly consumption including off peak and peak is 10928.66 KWh. Monthly electricity consumption

Electricity consumption

Using data from the monthly electricity bill is determined by the monthly and annual energy consumption average. Increasingly possible show the peak energy consumption and peak hours. Where, Peak-hour: peak hour is from 6pm to 11pm and Off-peak hour: off-peak hour is from 12am to 5pm.

Annual electricity consumption is 131144 KWh. The total off peak electricity consumption is 114020 KWh and the total electricity consumption

The data of monthly average peak and off peak electricity consumption is given below in table

4.2 Load of project site Observed the data of electricity consumption from august 2015 to July 2016.

Table No. 4.1:- Monthly electricity consumption in off peak and peak hour Month

Off peak consumption (kWh)

Peak consumption (kWh)

August,2015

10944

1976

September,2015

11096

1976

October,2015

10000

4500

November,2015

9576

4104

December,2015

5928

3040

January,2016

7448

2128

February,2016

7600

1520

March,2016

9576

1976

April,2016

9120

1976

May,2016

10388

2128

June,2016

11704

1976

July,2016

10640

1824

Average

9501.66

2427

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000

Off peak consumption (kWh)

4000 2000

Peak consumption (kWh)

August,2015 September,2015 October,2015 November,2015 December,2015 January,2016 February,2016 March,2016 April,2016 May,2016 June,2016 July,2016

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Graph No.4.1:- Monthly electricity consumption in off peak and peak hour. From the graph we can see that the month of June has the highest energy consumption and -peak October is the peak power consumption. Table No 4.2:- Total monthly electricity consumption Month

Energy consumption(KWh)

August,2015

12920

September,2015

13072

October,2015

14500

November,2015

13680

December,2015

8968

January,2016

9576

February,2016

9120

March,2016

11552

April,2016

11096

May,2016

12516

June,2016

13680

July,2016

12464

Total

143144

Energy consumption(Kwh) 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Energy consumption(Kwh)

Graph No. 4.2:- Monthly electricity consumption From the graph we can see that the month of October has the highest electricity consumption and the month of June has the lowest electricity consumption.

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Table No. 4.3:- Possible impact of the SPV (Simulated)

Month

Radiatio n/KWh

Jan-15

4.38

Feb-15

4.76

Mar-15

4.87

Apr-15 May15

4.54

Jun-15

3.78

Jul-15

3.32

Aug-15

3.35

Sep-15

3.98

Oct-15

4.43

Nov-15

4.36

Dec-15

4.21 Average = 4.18

4.27

Monthly average 4.38*25*3 1 4.76*25*2 8 4.87*25*3 1 4.54*25*3 0 4.27*25*3 1 3.78*25*3 0 3.32*25*3 1 3.35*25*3 1 3.98*25*3 0 4.43*25*3 1 4.36*25*3 0 4.21*25*3 1

Simulated (KWh)

Electricity Consumption (KWh)

Electricity Amount (Rs.)

Simulated Impact (KWh)

Amount Simulated (Rs.)

Saving (Rs.)

3394.5

9576

75929.2

6181.5

48942.92

26986.28

3332

9120

72304

5788

45814.6

26490

3774.25

11552

91638.4

7777.75

61633.12

30005.28

3405

11096

84984.4

7691

60943.45

24040.95

3309.25

12516

99302.2

9206.75

72993.67

26308.53

2835

13680

108556

10845

86017.75

22538.25

2573

12464

98888.8

9891

78433.45

20455.35

2596.25

12920

102514

10323.75

81873.81

20640.19

2985

13072

103722.4

10087

79991.65

23730.75

3433.25

14500

115075

11066.75

87780.67

27294.33

3270

13680

108556

10410

82559.5

25996.5

3262.75 Total = 38170

8968 Total = 143144

71095 Total = 1132565.4

5705.25 Total = 104973.25

45156.74 Total = 832141.33

25938.26 Total = 300424.67

4.3 Design and load calculation of the project

Solar panel

Inverter

Bus bar

Load Fig No. 4.1: - The diagram shows the solar panels are connected to inverters, the current of the inverter will be supplied to the bus bar, then to the load.

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 4.3.1 Load calculation Rated Voltage (Vmp) = 30.95 V Rated Current (Imp) = 8.17 A Total Voltage = 20 * 30.95 = 619 V Total Current = 5 * 8.17 = 40.85 A

4.4 Capacity utilization factor (C.U.F.) CUF = Actual energy from the plant (KWh) / Plant capacity (KWp) * 24 * 365 = 38170 KWh / 25w * 24 * 365 = 0.1742 CUF % = 17.42 %

4.5 Techno economics Table No. 4.4:- Bill of Quantity (BOQ) 25KW ROOFTOP PROJECT BOQ 25KW -ROOF TOP PROJECT S.No.

Item

Solar Modules

MC4 Connector

Module Mounting Structures â&#x20AC;?

2Rx1C X 4 sq mm -CU cable

1Rx3.5C X 35 sq mm -CU ,Flexible cable 6 1R*1C*35Sqmm Cu Flexible for PE

Technical Description

Make

Unit

Qty

EMMVEE

Nos.

100

Pairs

DC Side

1Rx3.5C*150Sqmm*AL,XLPE,ARMOURED, CABLE

Poly Crystalline 250Wp Modules, IEC 61215/IS14286,IEC-61730 Part-1st for construction and Part-2nd for testing/saftyIEC-61701/IS 61701,ISO 9001/ISO 14001,With inbuilt bypass diode Frame should be Al anodize, power tolerance of +/-3%,Vmp and Imp shall not vary more than 2%, With junction box arrangement having in build bypass diode, weather proof,IP-65,with RFID tag. Material warranty up to 5year and performance warranty 25 year. 1000VDV,15AMP,MC4 Pair(4mm sqr/6mm sqr) Hot rolled, Tilt solar Array structure should be HDG, with 1000 gm/sq meter mass coating, Design based on wind speed zone wise (150KM/Hr- Delhi), certified from recognized Lab, structure material as per IS 2062:1992 and galvanization as per IS 4759, shall be corrosion free, fasteners should be SS type, load of structure on the terrace should be less than 60kg/sq m. LT CABLES IS-7098 Part-1,Temp range:- 10Deg C to +120Deg Celsius, voltage range1.1KV,excellent resistance to heat, cold, water, oil, abrasion, UV radiation, flexible and armored shall be PVC/FRLS compound formulated for outdoor. FRLS cables for underground area. Life of cable-more than 25 year. Cable should be annealed height conduction copper conductor with XLPE insulation, UV protected .PVC/XLPE having working voltage- 1100V,UV resistant for outdoor installation IS/IEC 69947,For AC/DC cables Voltage drop= 2% limited IS-7098 Part-1,Temp range:- 10Deg C to +120Deg Celsius, voltage range1.1KV,excellent resistance to heat, cold, water, oil, abrasion, UV radiation, flexible .shall be PVC/FRLS compound formulated for outdoor. FRLS cables for underground area. Life of cable-more than 25 year. Cable should be annealed height conduction copper conductor with XLPE insulation, UV protected for underground.PVC/XLPE having working voltage- 1100V,UV resistant for outdoor installation IS/IEC 69947,For AC/DC cables Voltage drop= 2% limited IS-7098 Part-1,Temp range:- 10Deg C to +120Deg Celsius, Voltage range1.1KV,excellent resistance to heat, cold, water, oil, abrasion, UV radiation, flexible and armored shall be PVC/FRLS compound formulated for outdoor. FRLS cables for underground area. Life of cable-more than 25 year. Cable should be AL conductor with XLPE insulation UV protected armored for

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Nos.

Poly Cab

Meters

400

Poly Cab

Meters

Poly Cab

Meters

Poly Cab

Meters

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 1Rx3.5C*185Sqmm*AL,XLPE,ARMOURED, CABLE D 9

Cable Lugs - 4 Sq mm

underground.PVC/XLPE having working voltage- 1100V,UV resistant for outdoor installation IS/IEC 69947,For AC/DC cables Voltage drop= 2% limited OTHER Copper coated, Ring Type

Dowels

Nos.

Cable Lugs - 35 Sq mm

Copper coated, Ring Type

Dowels

Nos.

Cable Lugs - 150Sq mm

AL coated, Ring Type

Dowels

Nos.

Cable Lugs - 185Sq mm

Dowels

HDPE 25Sqmm

AL coated, Ring Type HDPE Pipes L-JOINT T-JOINT LONG BAND STRAIGHT JOINT

Nos. Meters Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos.

8 250 50 25 25 20

Nos. Nos. Meters

20 375 50

Poly Cab

Meters

Beria (UV Protected)

Flexible Pipe

4-SIDDER JOINT Saddle 25Sqmm

Cable Ties

Nylon 66 UL94V-2, 4.2 X 300mm Thickness(100 Nos. in one packet)

Packets

Packets Packets Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos.

5 5 1 3 3 2 1 15 2

Nos.

delta

Nos.

delta

Nos.

Meters

Nos.

Meters

150

Ferrules

17 18 19

Danger Board Fire Extinguisher Buckets with stand

Radium sticker for marking at Inverter / LT panel/Cable

Inverter canopy

0 to 9 (Each letter is hundred in one packet) a to z (Each letter is hundred in one packet) Size :- 8"x6"(Inch) 4KG Soiled buckets Inverter-Red ACDB-Green Cable-Yellow Will decide as per location and size or area available

Inverter Stand

Will decide as per location and size or area available

Grid Inverter -25KW

Scads

3 F

Communication Cable

ACDB Panel With MCCB protections/SPD along with stand.

INVERTER House MPPT,DG set interactive, output should compatible with grid frequency IGBT/MOSFET,Microprodessor,DSP,415V,3-Phase,50Hz +/-3%,Ambient tem 20 deck to +50Deg,Humidity 95%, Protection IP-20 for indoor and IP-65 outdoor, grid voltage tolerance -20% to +15%, No load losses lees then 1% of rated power, efficiency 93% or above, THD less then 3%,P.F more than 0.9,fully automatic having internal protections against any fault in feeder Built-in meter and data logger to monitor plant, inverter design as per IEC/BIS standard for efficiency and environmental tests as per IEC 61683/IS 61683 and IEC 60068-2 (1,2,14,30).MPPT as per IEC 60068-2(1,2,14,30)/Disjunction box should be IP65 for outdoor and IP 55 for indoor as per IEC 529.Inverter should be grid as well as DG integrated. Portal from SMA Separate for each plat, provision for plant control/monitoring, time and data stamped, high quality analysis, metering and instrumentation for display of system parameter, to measure solar radiation by integrating pyranometer (Class II or better)with sensor mounted, temperature indicating. It should be display AC voltage/AC output current/power/P.F/DC input voltage/Current/Time activity/disabled/time idle/power production. Protection function limit (AC over voltage AC under voltage, over frequency, under frequency, ground fault PV starting voltage PV stopping voltage, over current, short circuit etc digital display to see parameters logging facility DC string/Array monitoring AC output monitoring time interval not more than 15 Minute, real time clock, battery backup up to 2 hours, compute data in excel format, instantaneous data shown on computer screen, provision for intern ate monitoring also centralize internet monitoring. Mobâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s RTU over RS 485 Physical layer AC Side (ACDB control AC power from PCU having surge arrestor. All switched/CB/connectors as per IEC 60947, part I, II, III/ IS 60947 part I, II and III. Panel shall be metal clad, enclosed rigid, floor mounted, air insulated, cubical type and to support to 415 Volts,50Hz.Desing for ambient temperature of 45 degree Celsius,80% humidity and dusty weather,IP-65,Volage +/-10% and frequency +/-3% vary. Protections

Earthling as per IS: 3043-1987.

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)

GI Strip 25X3 mm

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

2 3

Lighting Arrestor as per IEC 62305

GI Electrode Rod with Chemical Bag-3Mtr Long,50MM Dia.

Nos.

Lightning Rods with 2 Meter Length to cover approx 100mtr radius

Nos.

Earthling Chamber-GI

300*300m*5

Nos.

GI Saddle to hold earth strip

25*1MM (For holding 25*3GI Earthling strip)

Nos.

Screw

M8*35mm(100Nos in one packet)

Packets

7 I

Nut/Bolt/Washer

M8*40MM(To joint earth strip) Metering

Set

Solar meter

Unidirectional electronic energy meter (0.5 classes) for the measurement of Export of energy. Equipped with CT, for LT at 415 +/-20%Vac,400/5AMP

Ester

Set

Solar meter

Unidirectional electronic energy meter (0.5 classes) for the measurement of Export of energy. Equipped with CT, for LT at 415 +/-20%Vac,250/5AMP

Ester

Set

4.6 Cost Estimation Table No. 4.5:- Cost estimation of plant S No.

DESCRIPTION

AMOUNT (Rs)

Solar PV module

950000

Mounting structure

150000

Array junction box

8000

DCDB

12000

Inverter

280000

ACDB

16000

Lightning arrestor

18000

Earthling

17000

Cable and hardware

40000

Other cost

109000

Total

1600000

4.7 Payback period of plant Payback period = Total cost of plant / Annual saving Where, Total cost of plant = Rs. 1600000 Annual saving = Rs. 300424.67 Payback period = 1600000 / 300424.67 = 5.32 Year. and optimization of photovoltaic power cost of 5. Conclusion solar energy. For the development of green and sustainable How reasonable use of green energy and maintain development of photovoltaic power solar energy to sustainable development is the most important reduce the burden of cost of electricity challenge for use. As huge source of green energy My thesis presented detailed system technology of produced by the sun, the photovoltaic industry will photovoltaic solar energy with the physics of solar win the best opportunity to grow. We you must cell devices and their principle of operation, the seize the opportunity to build the best energy efficiency of the solar cell and sources of losses at friendly factory PV environment, and better how to mitigate losses. welcome morning. We studied how to establish the design of solar installations and computing power production, the basis on which to find recommendation techniques

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PV GRID is composed of two areas: firstly, the ongoing evaluation of national development frameworks photovoltaic systems, and secondly, the project focuses on the relationship between

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in certain legal, regulatory and policy frameworks and available technical solutions identified to increase the distribution of accommodation capacity. The second area of activity largely due to the fact that the predecessor GRID PV project PV Legal, who had already assessed the national PV development frameworks and procedures and focus on the obstacles arising from legal and administrative actions identified related grid obstacles that one of the main groups of barriers to the development of PV. For this reason, the PV GRID focused on the improving the accommodation capacity of PV in distribution networks while overcoming regulatory barriers and regulations that hinder application of technical solutions available.

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6. References 

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MNRE. “Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM): Towards building a Solar India.” http://www.mnre.gov.in/fileanager/UserFi les/mission_document_JNNSM.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2014 Engelmeier,T, Anand,M, Khurana,J, Goel,P and Loond,T, “Rooftop Revolution: Unleashing Delhi's Solar Potential”, Greenpeace India, New Delhi, 2013. First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd, “Rooftop Solar Markets: Policy trends and issues”, New Delhi, 2014. http://www.firstgreen.co/wpcontent/uploads/2014/02/Rooftop-SolarMarkets.pdf . Accessed 21 Jun 2014 Indian Power Sector, “New Project Sanctions under the MNRE Subsidy Scheme Unlikely This Year”, 2013. http://indianpowersector.com/home/2013/

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)

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08/new- project-sanctions-under-themnre-subsidy-scheme-unlikely-this-year/ Accessed 10 Jun 2014. DERC, “Proposal on net metering & connectivity in respect of rooftop solar PV projects”, 2013. http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/ files/file/DERC%20Net%20Metering%20 Proposal.pdf . Accessed 10 Feb 2014. Rohit Pandey, Dr. M.K Gaur, Dr. C.S. Malvi. 2012. “Estimation of cost analysis for 4 kW grids connected solar photovoltaic plant”. IJMER, vol.2, Maxis Power Solutions, “ Capital cost of solar system”, 2014. http://www.maxisindia.com/2_5kWp-solar system/117/22 . Accessed 29 July 2014. Solar Energy Centre, “Solar Radiation Handbook”, MNRE and Indian Metrological Department, New Delhi, 2008. http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/ files/srd-sec.pdf . Accessed 10 June 2014. Bridge to India, “ India Solar Handbook”, New Delhi, 2014. G.D.Rai, Solar Energy Utilization, 5th Edition, Khanna Publishers. Renewable Energy Akshay Urja Vol. 3 Issue 1, JanFeb, 2007. S. Hasan Saeed & D.K. Sharma, NonConventional Energy Resources, 1st Edition. A Guide to Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems prepared by Cape & Islands SelfReliance.

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