Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
Floristic Studies to Assess the Biodiversity of Angiospermic Herbal Weeds of Chittoor District, Andhrapradesh, India. *Pasupuleti Neeraja & Busireddy Muralidhar Reddy *Assistant professor, Department of Botany, Kakatiya Government College, Hanamkonda, Warangal, Telangana, India. Abstract: Botanical surveys were carried out during 2008-2016 for ethnobotanical studies on angiospermic weeds of the Chittoor, southern most district of Andhra Pradesh where agriculture is predominant. The district is geographically distinct in to hilly, plateau, plain regions and shows floristic diversity coupled with high degree of endemism as the Seshachalam Hill ranges, the richest floristic hotspot of Eastern Ghats, fall under the study area. The botanical surveys were conducted covering entire district and all seasons of the year, revealed the vast biodiversity of angiospermic weeds, the plant specimens were collected, identified, with the help of floras, voucher specimens were prepared as per standard protocols, compared with herbarium specimens of BSI, Hyderabad and deposited in the herbarium of SVU, Tirupati for future studies. APG III system was followed in the enumeration of angiospermic herbs. The floristic analysis of the present studies shows that herbs constitute dominant life form belongs to 62 families, genera 218, species 404. The present studies are necessary in view of presence of endemic, endangered, invasive and rare species, for the management of ecosystem, conservation of biodiversity, and tapping the hidden potential of herbal weeds for the betterment of mankind. The present study is the first attempt to enumerate angiospermic weeds of Chittoor district.
1.INTRODUCTION The vast geographical, diverse climate, and topographical realms of India have resulted in enormous ecological diversity on 2% of earth surface making it one of the 12 mega diversity centers in the world. India harbors three of the world’s 34 biodiversity hot spots and number of endemic species. The study area Chittoor district is also known for species diversity, and endemism because of its geographical location, as well as the vegetation of the area is influenced by both the monsoons. The well-known Tirumala hills are the part of Seshschalam hill ranges of Eastern Ghats, which is one of the richest floristic hotspots. This
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
region is not explored fully due to prohibition and religious belief. Fisher (1923) reported 388 species of dicots from Nellore, Kadapa, Chittoor, and Chengalput district. Naidu & Rao (1967,1969, 1971) listed 828 species in the flora of Tirupathi hills. Rangacharulu (1991) reported 1500 species of angiosperms. Species assessment, and inventorisation provide botanical data related to change in diversity and number of species over a period of time. Intensive botanical surveys from time to time are prerequisite for the management of natural resources and conservation of biodiversity which is embodied in India’s Biological Diversity Act (2002). So for in depth floristic studies, or ethnobotanical studies have not been carried out on angiospermic weeds of the Chittoor district. Most of the traditional herbs are growing in wild conditon as weeds. Weeds are comprised of the more aggressive, troublesome and undesirable of the world’s vegetation. According to Bell (1905) weed is a plant of outside place. Baily and Baily (1941) passed the opinion that weed is a plant whose virtue have not yet discovered. Shah (1971) stated that weed is a plant growing where it is not desired. Some researchers feel weeds as “Vegabonds”. Many describe them as “necessary collories” of agiculture. No plant is useless in nature, in fact weeds are important from the standpoint of medicinal, allelopathic and food values. As per the available weed definitions all plants come under category of weeds, to avoid the confusion, based on the available literature, a Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW) list has come into force. In the recent edition of GCW by R. P. Randal (2012), 33, 738 weed species were reported based on weediness. Baker (1965 & 1975) has done pioneering work on the traits that make plants weedy and defined an ideal weed. The present study is on angiospermic herbal weeds of Chittoor district.
Page 610
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chittoor district is situated between 12o-37’ to 14o81’ of North latitude and 78o-30’ to 79o-55’ of Eastern longitudes. The Eastern Ghats are predominant in the western region they gradually bend towards the sacred hills of Tirupati passing through historical place Chandragiri. The general elevation of the mountainous part of the district is 2500 feet above sea level. Physiographically the study area is divided into hilly, plateau and plains with red, black, and laterite soils and has dry climate. Vegetation of the region is influenced by both south west and north east monsoons. There are no perennieal rivers. The average temperature ranges from 30oC to 42oC in estern mandals and 19oC to 32oC in western mandals and temperature soars up to 47oC during summer season. An ethnobotanical exploration was carried out covering all seasons like pre- monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, winter and summer in almost all mandalas of the Chittoor district A.P., during the years 2008-2016. The methods suggested by Jain and Goel (1995) were adopted to survey Angiospermic weeds of Chittoor district. Specimen collection, field notes, processing of material was followed according to the standard protocol ( Fosberg & Sachet, 1965) suggested by Botanical Survey of India. Identification of plant specimens were done with the help of regional floras (Gamble and Fischer 1915-1936; Pullaiah 1997; Pullaiah & Chennaiah 1997; Pullaiah & Moulali 1997) and efloras. Voucher specimen were Compared with herbarium specimens of BSI, DRC, Hyderabad and deposited in the Herbarium of SVU, Tirupati. For enumeration APG III Plant Classification 2012 was followed. The botanical name of the taxa have been verified with International Plant Name Index (IPNI).
3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present investigation is the outcome of intensive and extensive field explorations and herbarium studies carried out between the years 2008-2016 and indicates that the Chittoor district is blessed with splendid diversity of angiospermic weeds. The herbs dominate habit form with 404 species. Accepted plant binomial, habit, family, and voucher specimen number are listed in table1. In the present survey weeds were collected, identified and voucher specimens were prepared in triplets and were given collection numbers starting from PNR 0001. Around eight new weed species were identified for the first time from the study area (table 1) and few of them are first reports in the state. Some important plants are featured in photographs ( A- F) in fig I. It was also observed from the studies that only 15 (4%) of the
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
angiospermic herbs were with armature out of 404 species studied. The floristic analysis of the Present study revealed that there were 404 taxa belongs to 218 genera, 62 families. The dominant families were Poaceae (41 genera / 71 species), Fabaceae (14/39), Astraceae (28/32), Acanthaceae (13/29), Cyperaceae (7/25), Amaranthaceae ( 11/24), Lamiaceae (7/21), Euphorbiaceae (6/17), Malvaceae (5/14), Rubiaceae (4/8). These ten familes contributed 136 genera (62.38%) and 280 species (69.30%) and proliferic genera of study area were Cyperus, Indigofera, Euphorbia, Leucas, crotalaria. Around 83 Invasive alien species were identified and Asteraceae tops the list (15) followed by Malvaceae (8), Amaranthaceae (8), Poaceae (7), Fabaceae (7), Euphorbiaceae (5) (Table 4.) Weedy nature and invasive characters of angiospermic herbs are biological indicators for climate change. Solanum sisymbriifolium new report from south India has become a menace. The invasive alien weeds influence the distribution of native weed species. Sometimes the prolific growth of the invasive weed herbs pose grave threat to survival of local flora through allelopathic effect. Biotic interference through invasion of species, has marked influence on the vegetation of the study area. The human influence in the name of modernization will alter the natural habitats. In view of the climate change there is a possibility of invasion, or extinction of the taxon to the local flora of any region. To understand and study the levels of biodiversity operating in any area, and to know about the effect of climate change on the vegetation of locality, botanical surveys and the documentation of inventory of species are necessary. The present study is an attempt to understand the biodiversity of angiospermic weeds of Chittoor district with reference to habit. Biodiversity is essential for continued existence of human race. The present study reveals that majority of angiospermic weeds of Chittoor are herbs and invasive in nature.
4. CONCLUSION The study area possesses richness of biodiversity and this feature is attributed to heterogenicity of geographic and climatic features. Wild angiospermic herbs constitute a major part of this biodiversity. However, presently unknown species is thought to be 10 -20% of number of known species and they are likely to be rare in rapidly shrinking habitats, therefore cataloguing such species is an essential step in setting conservation priorities. (Joppa& al.,2010). Inventorying of biodiversity is the fundamental starting point for conservation. The monitoring of biodiversity is the
Page 611
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in basis for scientific research necessary understanding the world in which we live.
for
MacDougall, A. S., & Turkington, R. (2005). Are invasive species the drivers or passengers of change in degraded ecosystems? Ecology, 86, 42– 55.
Authors are thankful to Dr. P. Venu, Dr. Ahmed, Dr. Rasingam, Dr. Swamy, the scientists of BSI, DRC, Hyderabad, for their encouragement and providing herbarium facilities. Mr. Nayeem Khan, his timely help in connection with research work is also acknowledged. Mr. S. Jayanth Reddy for his technical support and moral suppor. Dr. Suresh babu, Assistant Professor, KGC, Hanamkonda for his suggestions and encouragement.
Marshall, E. J. P., Brown, V.K., Lutman, P.J.W., Squire, G.R., & Ward, L.K. (2003). The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields. Weed Res, 43, 77–89.
5.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
6. REFERENCES APG III. (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 105–121.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Fonseca, G.A.B., & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853 – 858. Pullaiah, T. (1997). Flora of Andhra Pradesh Vol. 3 (pp 922-1349). Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers. Pullaiah, T., & Moulali, A. D. (1997). Flora of Andhra Pradesh. Vol. 2 (pp 464-921). Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers.
Baker, H.G. (1965). Characteristics and modes of origin of weeds. In: Baker HG, Stebbins GL. (Eds.), The Genetics of Colonizing Species (pp 147-172). New York: Academic Press.
Pullaiah, T., & Chennaiah, E. (1997). Flora of Andhra Pradesh. Vol. 1 (pp 1-463). Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers.
Bailey, L. H., and Bailey, E. Z. (1941). Hortus the Second. New York: Macmillan.
Ramarao, N., & Henry, A. N. (1996). The ethnobotany of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India (pp 1–238). BSI, Kolkata.
Baker, H.G. (1974). The evolution of weeds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 5, 1– 24.
Randall, R. P. (2012). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia.
Fischer, C.E.C (1923) Descriptive list of the forest flora of East central Madras. Fitoterpia 6:167-171.
Rangacharyulu, D. (1991). Floristic Studies of Chittoor district. Ph.D. Thesis, S.V. University, Tirupati. Andhra Pradesh, India.
Fosberg, F.R. & M.H Sachet, manual for tropical herbaria, Regnum veg.39. Gamble, J. S., & Fischer, C.E.C. (1915–1936). Flora of the Presidency of Madras. Vols. 1-3 (pp 12017). London. Rep. Ed. 1957, BSI. Hooker, J. D. (1872-1897). The flora of British India. Vols. 1-7. (pp 1-5568). Ashford, Kant, London: Reeve, L. & Co. Ltd. Jain, S. K. (1987). A Manual of Ethnobotany (pp 1228). Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publisher. Joppa,I.N.,Roberts,D.I & PIMM. (2010) how many species of flowering plants are there? Pro.R. B.2011.278.554-559. Julien, M. H., & Griffiths, M. W. (1998). Biological Control of Weeds. A World Catalogue of Agents and their Target Weeds, 4th edition. New York: CABI Publishing. Lewis, W. H., Vaisberg, A., Lamas, G., Sarasara, C., & Elvin-Lewis, M. (2004). Advantage of ethnobotanically-based research for searching new pharmaceuticals. Ethnobotany, 16, 10-15.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Rao, A. N. (2000). Diversity of plant species in certain Asian countries, their conservation and uses. J. Trop. Med. Plants, 1, 82-108. Rao, K.N., Thammanna, P., & Das, K.S.K. (1981). Plant Wealth of Tirumala. Tirupati: T.T.D. Publications. Reddy, C.S., & Raju, V. S. (2002). Additions to the weed flora of Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 26, 195-198. Sanjappa, M. (1991) Legumes of India. (pp 1-338. Dehra Dun. Sasidharan, N. (2004). Flowering Plants of Kerala (pp 1-597). Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala. Sutherland, S. (2004). What makes a weed a weed: Life history traits of native and exotic plants in the USA. Oecologia, 14, :24–39. Thammanna, P., Rao, K. N., & Chetty, M. K. (1994). Angiospermic wealth of Tirumala. Tirupati: T.T.D. Publications.
Page 612
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Table1: List of Angiospermic Herbs of Chittoor District ( AH- Aquatic Herbs; CLH- Climbing Herbs; H- Herbs; PH-Prostate Herbs; PSH- Parasitic Herbs) S. No.
Accepted Name
Habit
Family
Voc. No.
1
Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f.
AH
Nymphaeaceae
PNR 0426
2
Nymphaea pubescens Willd.
AH
Nymphaeaceae
PNR 0476
3
Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex Andrews
AH
Nymphaeaceae
PNR 0512
4
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.
Aristolochiaceae
PNR 0241
5
Lemna perpusilla Torr.
AH
Araceae
PNR 0494
6
Pistia stratiotes L.
AH
Araceae
PNR 0497
7
Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid.
AH
Araceae
PNR 0484
8
Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq.
AH
Alismataceae
PNR 0420
9
Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle
AH
Hydrocharitaceae
PNR 0517
10
Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.
AH
Hydrocharitaceae
PNR 0427
11
Aponogeton crispus Thunb.
AH
Aponogetonaceae
PNR 0518
12
Aponogeton natans (L.) Engl. & K.Krause
AH
Aponogetonaceae
PNR 0332
13
Potamogeton nodosus Poir.
AH
PNR 0519
14
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.
H
Potamogetonaceae Hypoxidaceae
15
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.
H
Xanthorrhoeaceae
PNR 0506
H
Asparagaceae
PNR 0533
18
Ledebouria revoluta (L.f.) Jessop Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult.f.
H H
Asparagaceae Asparagaceae
PNR 0262 PNR 0503
19
Commelina benghalensis L.
H
Commelinaceae
PNR 0092
H
Commelinaceae
PNR 0096
H
Commelinaceae
PNR 0362 PNR 0422
16 17
20 21
Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop
Commelina clavata C.B.Clarke Commelina diffusa Burm.f.
H
PNR 0531
22
Commelina erecta L.
H
Commelinaceae
23
Commelina longifolia Lam.
H
Commelinaceae
PNR 0031
24
Cyanotis axillaris (L.) D.Don ex Sweet
H
Commelinaceae
PNR 0354
25
Cyanotis tuberosa (Roxb.) Schult. & Schult.f.
H
Commelinaceae
PNR 0335
26
Murdannia spirata (L.) G.Brückn.
H
Commelinaceae
PNR 0501
27
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
AH
Pontederiaceae
PNR 0535
28
Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl
H
Pontederiaceae
PNR 0331
29
Typha domingensis Pers.
H
Typhaceae
PNR 0424
30
Xyris pauciflora Willd.
H
Xyridaceae
PNR 0458
31
Eriocaulon quinquangulare L.
H
Eriocaulaceae
PNR 0473
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0435
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0584
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0465
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0451
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0460
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0421
32 33 34 35 36 37
Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B.Clarke Cyperus compressus L. Cyperus difformis L. Cyperus dubius Rottb. Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph.Wood Cyperus iria L.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 613
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 38
Cyperus longus L.
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0589
39
Cyperus nutans var. eleusinoides (Kunth) Haines
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0441
40
Cyperus odoratus L.
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0408
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0439
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0585
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0461
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0459
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0588 PNR 0586
41 42 43 44 45
Cyperus paniceus (Rottb.) Boeckeler Cyperus pilosus Vahl Cyperus rotundus L. Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani Fimbristylis cymosa R.Br.
46
Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl
H
Cyperaceae
47
Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0423
48
Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0445
49
Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb.
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0443
50
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0411
51
Kyllinga gracillima Miq.
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0442
52
Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Dandy
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0446
53
Pycreus flavidus (Retz.) T.Koyama
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0587
54
Schoenoplectiella articulata (L.) Lye
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0430
55
Schoenoplectiella erecta (Poir.) Lye
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0579
56
Schoenoplectiella juncoides (Roxb.) Lye
H
Cyperaceae
PNR 0409
57
Alloteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf
H
Poaceae
PNR 1030
58
Andropogon pumilus Roxb.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1057
59
Apluda mutica L.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1004
60
Aristida adscensionis L.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1024
61
Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1027
62
Aristida hystrix L.f.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1026
63
Aristida setacea Retz.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1010
64
Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1058
65
Arundinella nepalensis Trin.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1048
66
Arundinella pumila (Hochst.) Steud.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1034
67
Arundinella purpurea Hochst. ex Steud.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1032
68
Arundo donax L.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1042
69
Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P.Beauv.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1059
70
Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss
H
Poaceae
PNR 1049
71
Brachiaria deflexa (Schumach.) C.E.Hubb. ex Roby
H
Poaceae
PNR 1039
72
Brachiaria distachya (L.) Stapf
H
Poaceae
PNR 1060
73
Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1061
74
Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf
H
Poaceae
PNR 1038
75
Bromus inermis Leyss.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1015
76
Cenchrus biflorus Roxb.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1062
77
Cenchrus ciliaris L.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1050
78
Chloris barbata Sw.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1007
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 614
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 79
Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1028
80
Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty
H
Poaceae
PNR 1051
81
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf
H
Poaceae
PNR 1052
82
Cymbopogon coloratus (Hook.f.) Stapf
H
Poaceae
PNR 1043
83
Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W.Watson
H
Poaceae
PNR 1053
84
Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle
H
Poaceae
PNR 1071
85
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1002
86
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1003
87
Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees
H
Poaceae
PNR 1070
88
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf
H
Poaceae
PNR 1005
89
Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty
H
Poaceae
PNR 1041
90
Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1033
91
Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1021
92
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1029
93
Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1011
94
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link
H
Poaceae
PNR 1019
95
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1018
96
Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P.Beauv.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1063
97
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1001
98
Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor
H
Poaceae
PNR 1022
99
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1009
100
Eragrostis deccanensis Bor
H
Poaceae
PNR 1035
101
Eragrostis minor Host
H
Poaceae
PNR 1064
102
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1036
103
Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze
H
Poaceae
PNR 1025
104
Heteropogon contortus (L.)P.Beauv. ex Roem.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1012
105
Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight & Arn.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1065
106
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1044
107
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees
H
Poaceae
PNR 1013
108
Melanocenchris monoica (Rottler) C.E.C.Fisch.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1017
109
Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka
H
Poaceae
PNR 1008
110
Panicum brevifolium L.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1066
111
Panicum repens L.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1045
112
Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A.Camus
H
Poaceae
PNR 1016
113
Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf
H
Poaceae
PNR 1020
114
Paspalidium punctatum (Burm.) A.Camus
H
Poaceae
PNR 1037
115
Pennisetum hohenackeri Hochst. ex Steud.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1023
116
Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1067
117
Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze
H
Poaceae
PNR 1006
118
Phalaris minor Retz.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1014
119
Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1068
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 615
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 120
Saccharum spontaneum L.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1046
121
Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1054
122
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1047
123
Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1055
124
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1040
125
Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze
H
Poaceae
PNR 1031
126
Trachys muricata (L.) Pers. ex Trin.
H
Poaceae
PNR 1056
127
Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv.
H
PNR 1069
128
Ceratophyllum demersum L.
H
Poaceae Ceratophyllaceae
129
Argemone mexicana L.
H
Papaveraceae
PNR 0021
130
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
H
Nelumbonaceae
PNR 0523
131
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
H
Crassulaceae
PNR 0507
132
Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC.
H
Crassulaceae
PNR 0537
133
Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harv.) Raym.-Hamet
H
Crassulaceae
PNR 0511
134
Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forssk.) Pers.
H
Crassulaceae
PNR 0573
135
Tribulus subramanyamii P.Singh, G.S.G &V.Singh
H
Zygophyllaceae
PNR 0099
136
Tribulus terrestris L.
H
PNR 0404
137
Aeschynomene americana L.
H
Zygophyllaceae Fabaceae
138
Aeschynomene aspera L.
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0293
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0330
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0245
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0272
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0323
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0310 PNR 0185
139 140 141 142 143
Aeschynomene indica L. Alysicarpus hamosus Edgew. Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. Alysicarpus pubescens J.S.Law Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC.
PNR 0536
PNR 0541
144
Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.
PH
Fabaceae
145
Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0462
146
Chamaecrista pumila (Lam.) K.Larsen
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0365
147
Crotalaria calycina Schrank
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0121
148
Crotalaria globosa Wight & Arn.
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0202
149
Crotalaria hebecarpa (DC.) Rudd.
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0091
150
Crotalaria medicaginea Lam.
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0203
151
Crotalaria medicaginea var.neglecta Baker
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0403
152
Crotalaria ramosissima Roxb.
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0182
153
Crotalaria verrucosa L.
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0028
154
Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik.
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0491
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0463
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0275
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0027
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0249
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0433
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0270
155 156 157 158 159 160
Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Indigofera aspalathoides DC. Indigofera astragalina DC. Indigofera colutea (Burm.f.) Merr. Indigofera cordifolia Roth Indigofera glabra L.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 616
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 161
Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz.
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0051
162
Indigofera linnaei Ali
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0052
163
Indigofera tinctoria L.
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0297
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0298
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0216
CLH
Fabaceae
PNR 0283
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0429
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0405 PNR 0384
164 165 166 167 168
Indigofera trifoliata L. Indigofera trita L.f. Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. Mimosa pudica L.
169
Neptunia oleracea Lour.
AH
Fabaceae
170
Rothia indica (L.) Druce
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0370
171
Senna italica Mill.
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0288
172
Tephrosia maxima (L.) Pers.
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0383
173
Tephrosia pumila (Lam.) Pers.
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0118
174
Tephrosia tinctoria Pers.
H
Fabaceae
PNR 0338
175
Zornia gibbosa Span.
PH
Fabaceae
PNR 0376
176
Polygala arvensis Willd.
H
Polygalaceae
PNR 0360
177
Polygala chinensis L.
H
Polygalaceae
PNR 0374
178
Polygala elongata Klein ex Willd.
H
Polygalaceae
PNR 0379
179
Polygala erioptera DC.
H
Polygalaceae
PNR 0234
H
Oxalidaceae
PNR 0233
H
Oxalidaceae
PNR 0176
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0221
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0022
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0225 PNR 0237
180 181 182 183 184
Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Oxalis corniculata L. Acalypha alnifolia Klein ex Willd. Acalypha ciliata Forssk. Acalypha fruticosa Forssk.
185
Acalypha indica L.
H
Euphorbiaceae
186
Acalypha malabarica Müll.Arg.
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0224
187
Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A.Juss. ex Spreng.
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0259
188
Croton bonplandianus Baill.
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0040
189
Euphorbia cristata B.Heyne ex Roth
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0281
190
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0105
191
Euphorbia heterophylla L.
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0125
192
Euphorbia heyneana Spreng.
PH
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0324
193
Euphorbia hirta L.
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0034
194
Euphorbia indica Lam.
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0162
195
Euphorbia serpens Kunth
PH
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0246
PH
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0280
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0254
H
Euphorbiaceae
PNR 0273
H
Phyllanthaceae
PNR 0063
H
Phyllanthaceae
PNR 0413
H
Phyllanthaceae
PNR 0164
196 197 198 199 200 201
Euphorbia thymifolia L. Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth. Microstachys chamaelea (L.) Müll.Arg. Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd. Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 617
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 202
Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.
H
Phyllanthaceae
PNR 0168
203
Sauropus bacciformis (L.) Airy Shaw
H
Phyllanthaceae
PNR 0271
204
Bergia ammannioides Roxb. ex Roth
H
Elantinaceae
PNR 0208
H
Elantinaceae
PNR 0333
H
Violaceae
PNR 0045
H
Lythraceae
PNR 0069
H
Lythraceae
PNR 0263
H
Onagraceae
PNR 0093 PNR 0204
205 206 207 208 209
Bergia capensis L. Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. Ammannia aegyptiaca Willd. Rotala densiflora (Roth) Koehne Ludwigia perennis L.
210
Osbeckia zeylanica L.f.,
H
Melastomaceae
211
Corchorus aestuans L.
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0196
212
Corchorus asplenifolius Burch.
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0218
213
Corchorus olitorius L.
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0155
214
Corchorus tridens L.
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0152
215
Corchorus trilocularis L.
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0159
216
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0147
217
Melochia corchorifolia L.
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0144
218
Sida acuta Burm.f.
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0005
219
Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borss.Waalk.
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0047
220
Sida cordifolia L.
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0002
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0336
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0552
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0137
H
Malvaceae
PNR 0146
H
Cleomaceae
PNR 0373 PNR 0227
221 222 223 224 225
Sida glabra Mill. Sida rhombifolia L. Sida spinosa L. Waltheria indica L. Cleome angustifolia Forssk.
226
Cleome aspera J.Koenig ex DC.
H
Cleomaceae
227
Cleome felina L.f.
H
Cleomaceae
PNR 0132
228
Cleome gynandra L.
H
Cleomaceae
PNR 0012
229
Cleome monophylla L.
H
Cleomaceae
PNR 0020
230
Cleome viscosa L
H
Cleomaceae
PNR 0009
231
Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M.Gรณmez
H
Polygonaceae
PNR 0178
232
Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam.
H
Caryophyllaceae
PNR 0154
233
Achyranthes aspera L.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0161
234
Achyranthes aspera var. rubrofusca (Wight) Hook.f.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0061
235
Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0367
236
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0007
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0260
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0212
PH
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0528
PH
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0553
PH
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0150
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0554
237 238 239 240 241 242
Allmania nodiflora (L.) R.Br. ex Wight Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) Sm. Alternanthera paronychioides A.St.-Hil. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb Alternanthera pungens Kunth Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 618
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 243
Amaranthus caudatus L.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0555
244
Amaranthus polygamus L.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0318
245
Amaranthus spinosus L.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0015
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0556
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0075
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0094
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0070
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0101 PNR 0112
246 247 248 249 250
Amaranthus tricolor L. Amaranthus viridis L. Celosia argentea L. Celosia polygonoides Retz. Digera muricata (L.) Mart.
251
Gomphrena globosa L.
H
Amaranthaceae
252
Gomphrena serrata L.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0114
253
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0106
254
Pupalia lappacea var. velutina (Moq.) Hook.f.
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0119
255
Spinacia oleracea L
H
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0498
256
Trichuriella monsoniae (L. f.) Bennet
PH
Amaranthaceae
PNR 0100
257
Gisekia pharnaceoides L.
H
Gisekiaceae
PNR 0557
258
Trianthema portulacastrum L.
PH
Aizoaceae
PNR 0305
259
Zaleya decandra (L.) Burm.f.
PH
Aizoaceae
PNR 0483
260
Boerhavia chinensis (L.) Rottb.
CLH
Nyctaginaceae
PNR 0004
261
Boerhavia diffusa L.
H
Nyctaginaceae
PNR 0016
H
Nyctaginaceae
PNR 0039 PNR 0242
262
Boerhavia erecta L.
263
Mirabilis jalapa L.
H
Nyctaginaceae
264
Glinus lotoides L.
PH
PNR 0495
265
Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug.DC.
PH
Molluginaceae Molluginaceae
H
Molluginaceae
PNR 0113 PNR 0043
266
Mollugo nudicaulis Lam.
PNR 0177
267
Mollugo pentaphylla L.
H
Molluginaceae
268
Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.)Asch.ex Schweinf.
H
Talinaceae
PNR 0449
269
Portulaca grandiflora Hook.
PH
Portulacaceae
PNR 0513
270
Portulaca oleracea L.
PH
Portulacaceae
PNR 0479
271
Portulaca pilosa L.
PH
Portulacaceae
PNR 0575
272
Portulaca quadrifida L.
PH
Portulacaceae
PNR 0255
273
Impatiens balsamina L.
H
PNR 0303
274
Kohautia aspera (B.Heyne ex Roth) Bremek.
H
Balsaminaceae Rubiaceae
275
Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC.
H
Rubiaceae
PNR 0452
276
Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb.
H
Rubiaceae
PNR 0261
277
Oldenlandia umbellata L.
H
Rubiaceae
PNR 0167
PH
Rubiaceae
PNR 0577
PH
Rubiaceae
PNR 0215
H
Rubiaceae
PNR 0213
H
Rubiaceae
PNR 0596
H
Gentianaceae
PNR 0175
H
Gentianaceae
PNR 0471
278 279 280 281 282 283
Spermacoce articularis L.f. Spermacoce hispida L. Spermacoce ocymoides Burm.f. Spermacoce pusilla Wall. Canscora alata (Roth) Wall. Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
PNR 0190
Page 619
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 284
Enicostema axillare (Poir. ex Lam.) A.Raynal
H
Gentianaceae
PNR 0284
285
Exacum pedunculatum L.
H
Gentianaceae
PNR 0210
286
Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) R.Br.
H
Apocynaceae
PNR 0481
H
Apocynaceae
PNR 0240
H
Apocynaceae
PNR 0414
CLH
Apocynaceae
PNR 0200
PH
Boraginaceae
PNR 0229
H
Boraginaceae
PNR 0390 PNR 0377
287 288 289 290 291
Catharanthus pusillus (Murray) G.Don Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don Ceropegia juncea Roxb. Coldenia procumbens L. Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Vahl) Brand
292
Heliotropium bracteatum R.Br.
H
Boraginaceae
293
Heliotropium indicum L.
H
Boraginaceae
PNR 0088
294
Trichodesma indicum (L.) Lehm.
H
Boraginaceae
PNR 0085
295
Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L.
PH
Convolvulaceae
PNR 0029
296
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.
PH
Convolvulaceae
PNR 0235
297
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
PH
Convolvulaceae
PNR 0345
298
Merremia gangetica Cufod.
PH
Convolvulaceae
PNR 0394
299
Physalis minima L.
H
Solanaceae
PNR 0032
300
Solanum americanum Mill.
H
Solanaceae
PNR 0207
301
Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.
H
Solanaceae
PNR 0301
302
Solanum surattense Burm. f.
H
Solanaceae
PNR 0104
H
Spenocleaceae
PNR 0375
H
Plantaginaceae
PNR 0187
AH
Plantaginaceae
PNR 0474
AH
Plantaginaceae
PNR 0482
PH
Plantaginaceae
PNR 0472 PNR 0122
303 304 305 306 307
Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.) Benth. Limnophila indica (L.) Druce Limnophila repens (Benth.) Benth.
308
Scoparia dulcis L.
H
Plantaginaceae
309
Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Haines
H
Linderniaceae
PNR 0496
310
Pedalium murex L.
H
Pedaliaceae
PNR 0142
311
Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0038
312
Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R.Br. ex Sims
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0006
313
Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0195
314
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br.
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0058
315
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0265
316
Leucas biflora (Vahl) Sm.
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0186
317
Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng.
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0248
318
Leucas diffusa Benth.
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0296
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0238
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0363
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0320
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0264
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0418
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0018
319 320 321 322 323 324
Leucas indica var.nagalapuramiana D.A. Moulali Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R.Br. Leucas stricta Benth. Ocimum americanum L. Ocimum basilicum L.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 620
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 325
Ocimum filamentosum Forssk.
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0097
326
Ocimum gratissimum L.
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0467
327
Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0206
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0515
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0337
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0576
H
Lamiaceae
PNR 0477
PSH
Orobanchaceae
PNR 0174 PNR 0226
328 329 330 331 332
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Plectranthus barbatus Andrews Plectranthus mollis (Aiton) Spreng. Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl. Sopubia delphinifolia G.Don
333
Striga angustifolia (D. Don) C.J. Saldanha
PSH
Orobanchaceae
334
Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze
PSH
Orobanchaceae
PNR 0440
335
Striga densiflora (Benth.) Benth.
PSH
Orobanchaceae
PNR 0309
336
Andrographis alata (Vahl) Nees
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0530
337
Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0055
338
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0357
339
Asystasia chelonoides Nees
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0211
340
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson
CLH
Acanthaceae
PNR 0049
341
Barleria buxifolia L.
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0172
342
Barleria cristata L.
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0563
343
Barleria cuspidata F.Heyne ex Nees
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0307
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0366
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0276
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0564
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0133
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0393 PNR 0143
345 345 346 347 348
Barleria montana Nees Barleria noctiflora L.f. Barleria prattensis Santapau Barleria prionitis L. Blepharis integrifolia (L.f.) E.Mey. & Drège ex Schinz
349
Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth
H
Acanthaceae
350
Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) I.Darbysh.
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0076
351
Dyschoriste vagans (Wight) Kuntze
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0311
352
Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0148
353
Elytraria acaulis (L.f.) Lindau
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0295
354
Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0188
355
Justicia diffusa Willd.
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0149
356
Justicia glauca Rottler
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0290
357
Justicia procumbens L.
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0138
358
Lepidagathis mitis Dalzell
PH
Acanthaceae
PNR 0166
359
Rostellularia crinita Nees
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0256
PH
Acanthaceae
PNR 0228
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0312
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0313
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0109
H
Acanthaceae
PNR 0072
PH
Verbenaceae
PNR 0082
360 361 362 363 364 365
Rostellularia prostrata (C.B.Clarke) R.B.Majumdar Ruellia patula Jacq. Ruellia simplex C.Wright Ruellia tuberosa L. Rungia repens (L.) Nees Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 621
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in 366
Priva cordifolia (L.f.) Druce
H
Verbenaceae
PNR 0180
367
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl
H
Verbenaceae
PNR 0036
368
Martynia annua L.
H
Martyniaceae
PNR 0156
AH
Menyanthaceae
PNR 0566
Menyanthaceae
PNR 0567
369
Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze
370
Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze
AH
371
Acanthospermum hispidum DC.
H
Compositae
PNR 0010
372
Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen
H
Compositae
PNR 0500
373
Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.
H
Compositae
PNR 0334
374
Bidens pilosa L.
H
Compositae
PNR 0398
375
Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson
H
Compositae
PNR 0346
376
Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC
H
Compositae
PNR 0410
377
Blumea bifoliata (L.) DC.
H
Compositae
PNR 0314
378
Blumea oxyodonta DC.
H
Compositae
PNR 0568
379
Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench
H
Compositae
PNR 0171
380
Cyanthillium albicans (DC.) H.Rob.
H
Compositae
PNR 0198
381
Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob.
H
Compositae
PNR 0361
382
Dicoma tomentosa Cass.
H
Compositae
PNR 0466
383
Echinops echinatus Roxb.
H
Compositae
PNR 0389
384
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
PH
Compositae
PNR 0130
385
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC.
H
Compositae
PNR 0352
386
Erigeron bonariensis L.
H
Compositae
PNR 0236
387
Glossocardia bosvallia (L.f.) DC.
H
Compositae
PNR 0369
388
Kleinia grandiflora (wallich ex DC.) N.Rani
H
Compositae
PNR 0299
389
Lagascea mollis Cav.
H
Compositae
PNR 0489
390
Laggera alata (D.Don) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv.
H
Compositae
PNR 0565
391
Launea nudicaulis Hook. f.
H
Compositae
PNR 0368
392
Parthenium hysterophorus L.
H
Compositae
PNR 0128
393
Pentanema indicum (L.) Ling
H
Compositae
PNR 0131
394
Pulicaria angustifolia DC.
H
Compositae
PNR 0470
395
Pulicaria wightiana (DC.) C.B.Clarke
H
Compositae
PNR 0315
396
Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L.
H
Compositae
PNR 0386
397
Sphaeranthus indicus L.
H
Compositae
PNR 0153
398
Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski
H
Compositae
PNR 0095
399
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.
H
Compositae
PNR 0120
400
Tridax procumbens (L.) L.
PH
Compositae
PNR 0081
401
Wedelia urticifolia (Blume) DC.
PH
Compositae
PNR 0302
402
Xanthium strumarium L.
H
Compositae
PNR 0157
403
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
H
Apiaceae
PNR 0406
404
Pimpinella tirupatiensis N.P.Balakr. & Subram.
H
Apiaceae
PNR 0400
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 622
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Based on the habit and habitat 404 angiospermic weed species were classified into aquatic herbs (17), climbing herbs (4), herbs (337), prostrate herbs (41), parasitic herbs (4 ). Major families showing alpha diversity of weed herbs are Poaceae (41species), followed by Asteraceae (28), Fabaceae (14), Acanthaceae (13) and Amaranthaceae (11). It has been shown that five or more than 5 species are found in genera as per APG III families are Commelina (5),
Cyperus (11), Frimbristylis (5), Alysicarpus (5), Crotalaria(7), Indigofera (10), Acalypha (5), Euphorbia (8), Corchorus (5), Sida (6), Cleome(6), Alternanthera (6), Amaranthus (5), Leucas (8), Ocimum (5), Barleria (7). Among the impotant herbs of the study area Pimpinella tirupatiensis, is an endemic species ( fig.1 E) and Ceropegia juncea is an endangered species (fig. 1 F).
Table 3: Showing the New Reports from the Study Area Table 3. Showing the New Reports from the Study Area Sl.No
Voc.No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PNR 0367 PNR 0323 PNR 0171 PNR 0314 PNR 0234 PNR 0575 PNR 0301 PNR 0375
Plant Name Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult. Alysicarpus pubescens J.S.Law Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench Blumea bifoliata (L.) DC. Polygala erioptera DC. Portulaca pilosa L. Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Family Amaranthaceae Fabaceae Compositae Compositae Polygalaceae Portulacaceae Solanaceae Spenocleaceae
Page 623
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
Fig. 1. A. Polygala erioptera DC. B. Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. C. Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult. D. Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. E. Pimpinella tirupatiensis N.P. Balakr. & Subram. F. Ceropegia juncea Roxb. 20 15 10 5 0
15 2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
8
7 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
7
5
3
2
3
8 1
1
1
Table 4: Showing Invasive Alien Species Family wise
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Page 624