Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in -----
Speed control of BLDC Motor using Arduino 1
Dinesh Kumar, 2Maroof Ali, 3Pawan Kumar, 4Dalip Kumar, 5 Apoorve Panday 1,3,4,5
B.Tech Student, 2Assistant Professor Moradabad Institute of Technology, Moradabad, U.P., India
Abstract- The hardware project is speed control of BLDC motor in using Arduino. So that is designed to control the speed of a BLDC motor using closed loop control technique. BLDC motor has various application used in industries like in drilling, lathes, spinning, electric bikes etc. The speed control of the DC motors is very essential. This proposed system provides a very precise and effective speed control system. The user can enter the desired speed and the motor will run at that exact speed controlling a motor with an Arduino is relatively easy in addition to simply spinning the motor. You can control the position of the motor shaft if the motor has a rotary encoder. This explains how generators are able to produce voltage. This is mechanical energy to electrical energy conversion. Motors operate in reverse of generators. They convert electrical energy to mechanical energy in motors current is fed into the armature winding which creates a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field created by permanent magnets in the stator. The interaction between two magnetic fields causes the armature to rotate.
INTRODUCTION Permanent magnet excited brushless DC motors are becoming increasingly attractive in a large number of applications due to performance advantages such as reduced size and cost, reduced torque ripples, increased torque-current ratio, low noises, high efficiency, reduced maintenance and good control characteristics over a wide range in torque-speed plan, in general. Brushless DC motors such as fans are smaller in size and weight than AC fans using shaded pole or universal motors. Since these motors have the ability to work with the available low voltage sources such as 12v DC supply. It makes the brushless DC motors fans convenient for use in electronic equipment computers, mobile equipment, vehicles and spindle drives for disk memory, because of its high reliability, efficiency and ability to reverse rapidly. The speed control of the BLDC motors is archived by varying the duty cycles (PWM Pulses) from the keypad and delivers the desired output to switch the motor driver so as to control the speed of the BLDC motor. The speed
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sensed by the ‘IR’ sensor is given to the microcontroller to display it on the (LCD) display. For those wanting to delve more deeply into BLDC control there are also many different micro controllers and other electronic hardware intended for industrial users and these usually have very good documentation. So far, we have not found any comprehensive descriptions of how to do BLDC control with an Arduino microcontroller. Also if you are interested in doing regenerative braking, or using a BLDC for power generation, we have not found many products that are suitable for use with small motors or much information on how to control a 3-phase generator. This instructable started out as a demonstration project in a class on real-time computing, and which I continued after the class ended. The idea for the project was to demonstrate a scale model of a hybrid electric vehicle with flywheel energy storage and regenerative braking. The motors used in the project are small BLDCs scavenged from broken computer hard drives. This instructable describes how to implement BLDC control with one of these motors, an Arduino microcontroller and Hall-Effect position sensors, in both motoring and regenerative braking modes. Note that having access to an oscilloscope is extremely helpful, if not essential, to doing this project. If you don't have access to a scope, we have added some suggestions for how it might be done. We would like to try using this controller with a larger motor that can do some "real" work, but I don't have a suitable motor yet. I noticed an 86W motor for sale on e-Bay for around $40.00 that seems like a good candidate. There's also an RC website called "Brushless" that sells kits for putting together your own BLDC. These are not too expensive and building one is a worthwhile experience. Note that the motors from this website do not have Hall sensors.
Construction and Operating Principle BLDC motors were developed from conventional BLDC motors with the availability of solid state power semiconductors. BLDC motors are similar to AC synchronous motors, the major difference is that synchronous motor develops a sinusoidal back EMF, as compared to a rectangular, or trapezoidal,
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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in ----back EMF for BLDC motors both have stator created rotating magnetic fields producing torque in a magnetic rotor.
(Fig a- Construction of BLDC motor) The basic construction of a BLDC consists of a fan blade attached to a permanent magnet rotor that surrounds the electromagnetic coils of the stator and associated control electronics. There is a lot of interest these days among hobbyists in controlling brushless DC (BLDC) motors, which have improved performance and better energy efficiency over traditional DC motors, but are more difficult to use. Many off-the-shelf products exist for this purpose. For example, there are lots of small BLDCs controllers for RC airplanes that work really well.
used for general purposes in our surroundings from house-hold equipment to machine tools in industrial facilities. The electric motor is now a necessary and indispensable source of power in many industries. The function and the performance required for these motors are wide-ranging. When focusing attention on the speed control segment of the motor market, servo and stepper motors control their speed with a pulse train, while the induction motor and the brushless DC motor control speed with an external resistor and/or DC voltage. This article explains the structure, the speed control principle, and the features of the following three product groups that can control the speed relatively easily by using an analog input.
Applications Electric cars Increasing oil prices and insufficient resources for carbon fuels have been pushing car makers to research electric propulsion alternatives. Larger size and increased current offer better torque and much less maintenance for tomorrow's electric cars. Vendors are working on ways to improve batteries charging times and weight. Electric bicycles A motor used in an electric bicycle application requires high initial torque and therefore uses Hall sensor commutation for speed measurement. Electric aircraft experimental electric aircraft use electronic speed controls.
Conclusion
(Fig b- Block diagram for speed control of BLDC motor using Arduino)
History of project Speed control motor packages include the motor, the driver (controller), and a potentiometer which allows for easy speed control adjustment. There are three speed control motor product groups. The "AC speed control motor unit" that uses the most popular single-phase capacitor-run induction motor, the small and highly efficient "Brushless DC motor unit", and the "Inverter unit" that combines a three-phase induction motor with a small inverter. This article explains the structure, principle of speed control and the features of each product group, and our standard products are introduced. A large number of motors are being
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The hardware for closed loop control of BLDC motor using Arduino is designed. By using the PWM technique speed of the BLDC motor was controlled and it was made to run at exactly entered speed. In future this hardware will be implemented in the speed control will be observed. This paper presented a new approach to the sensor less control of the BLDC motor drives using the unknown input observer. This observer can be obtained effectively by using the equation of augmented system and an estimated line-to-line back EMF that is modeled as an unknown input. As a result, the actual rotor position as well as the machine speed can be estimated strictly even in the transient state from the estimated line-to-line back-EMF.
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