The Only Way to End the War

for what it does, but for who it is.

deprived of what it needs to expel Russian forces. For any peace to last, it must be just. And to be just, it must respect Ukraine’s international borders, its democracy, its statehood, and its right to choose its own destiny.

This is crucial, because Russia’s justi cation for its aggression is based on the denial of Ukrainian statehood. Such claims are born of a Russian nationalist and imperialist ideology that rules out the very idea of a distinct Ukrainian identity. Russia de nes Ukraine’s people as what the Nazi jurist Carl Schmitt called a “total enemy” that must not be merely defeated, but also erased – not

This is Russia’s justi cation for torture, abduction of children, burning Ukrainian books, and countless war crimes. The violence unleashed on Ukrainians because they are Ukrainians is comparable to Stalin’s Great Terror, when millions of innocent people were killed for being “class enemies.” Stalin’s terror “worked” precisely because targeting innocent people forced everyone into total conformity with the will of the state. This is totalitarianism. Having descended ever deeper into authoritarianism during the past 15 years, Russia has again become totalitarian. Anyone who does not comply runs the risk of being poisoned, falling from a window, or ending up in prison. As the population is terrorized into conformity, already-vulnerable groups face the greatest risk of persecution. Anti-Semitism has exploded, sexual minorities are living in constant fear, and racism and xenophobia are running rampant. Under these conditions, it will take a long time for Russia to sort itself out, even if the man who has turned his country into a pariah leaves the stage. The detox of the Russian nation might take a generation, and the outcome is far from assured. Collectively, we must not only ensure that Ukraine can attain a just and lasting peace as quickly as possible; we must also support Ukraine’s e orts to transform itself into a prosperous country whose citizens can count on the rule of law, respect for human rights, and fundamental freedoms. In this respect, the accession process leading to European Union membership can be transformative. Just as that process helped Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Central and Eastern European countries detox from their dictatorial pasts, it can also inoculate Ukraine against a dictatorial future.

Twice in my lifetime, history has taken a sharp turn and pushed Europe in a new direction. The rst time was when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, allowing Europeans to reunite. The second was when Russia invaded Ukraine a year ago, forcing Europeans to defend and strengthen the values and institutions they hold dear.

Looking ahead, we must acknowledge that under the current circumstances, Ukraine’s integration with the EU will have to happen much faster than in the past. But that does not mean we should sacri ce thoroughness on the altar of expediency. A partial or awed integration would leave shortcomings unresolved, ultimately weakening both Ukraine and the EU. What is needed, then, is a Marshall Plan-type response. This would be unprecedented in scale, combining reconstruction and economic transformation with the legal, administrative, and social reforms needed to enable Ukraine to function fully as an EU member state. This has never been done before, but it will have to be done now.

One urgent task, for EU leaders and national politicians alike, is to prepare our citizens for what this transformation of both Europe and Ukraine will entail. In parallel, the EU must build the economic, nancial, political, and administrative structures that will be required. The Russian regime portrays Europeans as weak and decadent pushovers. “Gayropa” must ultimately yield to the superior force of ultranationalism, Putin believes, and even had certain political camps in Europe and the United States convinced of this, with politicians and media personalities praising a “strong leader” standing up for “traditional European values.” But the Ukrainian people are exposing the lies underpinning this caricature, putting Putin’s Western admirers to shame. We all need to recognize what is at stake. One hundred years after its rst incarnation, totalitarianism has made a comeback on our

By Frans Timmermans

continent. We must quickly contain and then unmask it, so that it can be defeated and nally expunged by the Russian people themselves. This war is about so much more than gaining or losing territory.

The Ukrainian nation, a European nation, is ghting for its survival.

An imperialist ideology that denies other nations’ existence will not stop at just one. If Russia’s aggression is allowed to pay o , the ames of war will burn in more European countries, and autocracy will spread like gangrene.

The past year has shown that we are much stronger than Putin and his ilk, so long as we are united and determined. So, let us take inspiration from the heroism of the Ukrainian people. The more we support them in their struggle, the sooner the carnage will stop.