Planning and Design for Rehabilitation of Rivers Using Large Wood
Metodología para Reforestar Ríos Degradados por Actividades Humanas usando Técnicas de Bioingeniería Short course for UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA January 26-29, 2016
Short course for UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA January 25-27, 2016
Planning and Design for Rehabilitation of Rivers Using Large Wood Metodología para Reforestar Ríos Degradados por Actividades Humanas usando Técnicas de Bioingeniería
1.0 Introduction and course overview
Introduction of students Shields Engineering LLC
• Your LW experience • What you hope to gain from course
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Course overview Day I (Jan 26)--Foundational topics • Review of information resources (design handbooks and spreadsheets) for large wood
Day 3 (Jan 28)—Risk, uncertainty and construction
• Is wood appropriate for your site?—criteria for screening (Planning)
• Sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses
• Three design approaches
• Case study II—Trinity River, California
• Key issues for large wood design
• Monitoring
Day 2 (Jan 27)—Designing large wood structures
Day 4 (Jan 29)--Field trip
• Case study I—Little Topashaw Creek, Mississippi • Design life for wood structures/selection of design event or condition
• Constructability assessment
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• Introductions
• Types of wood structures • Findings of recent research on drag and lift coefficients • “Road testing” selected design spreadsheets
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One example of large wood construction
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Some things to remember • LW is a key component of lotic ecosystems • LW structures will interact with river environment by
• Hydraulic behavior sensitive to stem density • Successful design is a result of extreme good luck or careful consideration of many factors • • • •
Impacts from bedload Impacts from floating debris Human/animal?? Dynamic effects
• Designers must communicate risk and uncertainty to stakeholders
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• Accumulating or losing LW • Sediment scour and deposition • Decay
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Information resources • Terrestrial • Aquatic
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Geomorphology Hydraulics, including sediment transport Design Construction
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• What are you using now? • Ecology
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Information resources--ecology • Natural sources of wood (LWNM Chapter 5) • Fate of wood (Harmon et al. 1986)
• Aquatic • Wood as substrate (Benke 1985) • Wood as habitat (Shields et al. 2006, 2010) • Reviews (Roni et al. 2008, Roni et al. 2014)
• Large scale impacts….which leads us to
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• Terrestrial
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• Collins, B. D., Montgomery, D. R., Fetherston, K. L., and Abbe, T. B. 2012. The floodplain large-wood cycle hypothesis: a mechanism for the physical and biotic structuring of temperate forested alluvial valleys in the North Pacific coastal ecoregion. Geomorphology, 139, 460-470. • Wohl, Ellen. 2013. Floodplains and wood. Earth-Science Reviews 123:194-2
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Information resources--geomorphology
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Information resources-hydraulics • Drag and lift • Conveyance (10% rule of thumb) • Shields and Gippel (1995)
• Bridge issues • Lagasse et al. (2009) HEC 23
• Sediment transport and local scour • Knutson and Fealko (2014) • Shields (2007) TS 14B
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• Knutson and Fealko (2014); Shields and Alonso (2012)
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Information resources
http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/viewerFS.aspx?hid=21433.
http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=17819.wba
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More resources‌.
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Useful handbooks
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More resources‌.
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Detailed guidance tailored for Pacific Northwest o f USA
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Spreadsheets for design Brooks (2006)
Knutson and Fealko (2014) • prepared by Shields for this course
• Rafferty (2013) • http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~bbledsoe/streamtools/ • MS student paper plus conference paper
• Wright (River Design Group) • LogJam_calcs.xls (available on web)
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• Australia report • spreadsheet prepared by Shields for this course
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Abbe, T., and Brooks, A. 2011. Geomorphic, engineering, and ecological considerations when using wood in river restoration. Stream Restoration in Dynamic Fluvial Systems, 419-451.
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Arneson, L. A., Zevenbergen, L.W., Lagassse, P.F. and Clopper. P.E. 2012. Evaluating Scour at Bridges. Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18. Arlington, VA National Highway Institute: 34.
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Baird, D.C., Fotherby, L., Klump, C.C. and Sculock, S.M. 2015. Bank Stabilization Design Guidelines. Report Number SRH-2015-25. U.S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Center. Denver, CO.
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Army Research and Development Center (USBR and EDRC). 2015. National Large Wood Manual: Assessment, Planning, Design, and Maintenance of Large Wood in Fluvial Ecosystems: Restoring Process, Function, and Structure. Available: www.usbr.gov/pn/ and http://cwenvironment.usace.army.mil/restore/riverrestoration/techniques.cfm?Option=Main&CoP=Restore&Id=riverrestoration
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Beechie, T.J. , Sear., D.A. Olden, J.D., Pess, G.R. ,Buffington,J.M., Moir, H., Roni,P. and Pollock, M.M. 2010. Process-based principles for restoring river ecosystems. BioScience 60(3): 209-222.
Brooks, A. P. 2006. Design guidelines for the reintroduction of wood into Australian streams. Canberra
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Carll, C.G. 2009. Decay Hazard (Scheffer) Index Values Calculated from 1971-2000 Climate Normal Data . FRL-GTR-179. USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
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Chin, A., L. R. Laurencio, M. D. Daniels, E. Wohl, M. A. Urban, K. L. Boyer, A. Butt, H. Piegay, and K. J. Gregory. 2009. The significance of perceptions and feedbacks for effectively managing wood in rivers. River Research and Applications 30, no. 1 (2014): 98-111.
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Gippel, C. J., O'Neill, I.C. ,Finlayson, B.L. and Schnatz, I. 1996. Hydraulic guidelines for the re-introduction and management of large woody debris in lowland rivers. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 12: 223-236.
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Brooks, A. P., Gehrke, P. C., Jansen, J. D., and Abbe, T. B. 2004. Experimental reintroduction of woody debris on the Williams River, NSW: geomorphic and ecological responses. River Research and Applications, 20(5), 513-536.
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Selected literature
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More selected literature .
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Collins, B. D., Montgomery, D. R., Fetherston, K. L., and Abbe, T. B. 2012. The floodplain large-wood cycle hypothesis: a mechanism for the physical and biotic structuring of temperate forested alluvial valleys in the North Pacific coastal ecoregion. Geomorphology, 139, 460-470.
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Cramer, M.L. 2012. Stream habitat restoration guidelines M. L. Cramer. Olympia, Washington, Washington. State Aquatic Habitat Guidelines Program.
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Crossman, M. and Simm, J. 2004. Manual on the use of timber in coastal and river engineering. Thomas Telford Publishing. London, England.
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Downs, P., W. and Simon, A. 2001. Fluvial geomorphological analysis of the recruitment of large woody debris in the Yalobusha River network, Central Mississippi, USA. Geomorphology 37: 65-91.
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Drury, T. A. 1999. Stability and pool scour of engineered log jams in the North Fork Stillaguamish River, Washington Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington Master of Science in Civil Engineering.
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Hughes, R. 2014. The shifting sands of Stockyard Creek: the geomorphic response to large wood reintroduction in a sand-bed stream, International Bachelor of Science, School of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Wollongong, 2014. http://ro.uow.edu.au/thsci/75
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Johnson, P. A., Hey, R.D., Tessier, M. and Rosgen, D.L. 2001. Use of vanes for control of scour at vertical wall abutments. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 127(9): 772-778.
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Jones , K.K., Anlauf-Dunn ,K. Jacobsen , P.S. , Strickland , M. ,Tennant, L.. and Tippery , S.E. 2014. Effectiveness of instream wood treatments to restore stream complexity and winter rearing habitat for juvenile Coho Salmon, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 143:2, 334345.
Knutson, M., and P. Fealko. 2014. Pacific Northwest Region Resource and Technical Services—Large Woody Material Risk Based Design Guidelines. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Region, Boise, Idaho.
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Lagasse, P. F., P. E. Clopper, J. E. Ortiz-Page, L. W. Zevenbergen, L. A. Ameson, J. D. Schall, and L. G. Girard. 2009. Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures: Experience, Selection and Design Guidance. Volumes 1 and 2. HEC-23, Third Edition. Federal Highway Administration. Washington D.C.
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Lagasse, P. F., Clopper, P.E., Zevenbergen, L.W.,, Spitz, W.J. and Girard, L.G. 2010. Effects of debris on bridge pier scour. Federal Highway Administration,Washington, D.C.
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Manners, R.B. and Doyle, M.W. 2008. A mechanistic model of woody debris jam evolution and its approach to wood-based restoration and management. River Research Applications 24: 1104-1123.
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Petersen, M. S. 1986. River engineering, Prentice-Hall, Englewood.Cliffs, N.J.l
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Pokrefke, T. J. (ed.) 2013. Inland navigation: Channel training works. ASCE Manual of Practice 124. American Society of Civil Engineers. Reston, VA.
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Rafferty, M. 2013. Development of a computational design tool for evaluating the stability of large wood structures proposed for stream enhancement. Master of Science, Department of Civil Engineering Fort Collins, CO Colorado State University.
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Roni, P., Hanson, K., and Beechie, T. 2008. Global Review of the Physical and Biological Effectiveness of Stream Habitat Rehabilitation Techniques. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 28(3), 856-890.
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Roni , P., Beechie, T., Pess., G. and Hanson, K. 2014. Wood placement in river restoration: Fact, fiction, and future direction. Canadian Journal of Fish Aquatic Science 72(3): 466-478, 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0344.
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Shields, F. D., Jr. 2007. USDA-NRCS, Stream Restoration Design, National Engineering Handbook Part 654, USDA-NRCS Washington, D.C. < http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/viewerFS.aspx?hid=21433. Scour calculations. Technical Supplement 14B
Shields, F. D., Jr. and Wood, A. D. 2007. USDA-NRCS, Stream Restoration Design, National Engineering Handbook Part 654, USDA-NRCS Washington, D.C. < http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/viewerFS.aspx?hid=21433. The use of large woody material for habitat and bank protection. Technical Supplement 14J.
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More selected literature
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Shields, F. D., Jr. and C. J. Gippel. 1995. Prediction of Effects of Woody Debris Removal on Flow Resistance . Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 121(4): 341-354.
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Shields, F. D., Jr., Morin, N. and Cooper, C.M. 2004. Large woody debris structures for sand-bed channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 130(3): 208-217.
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Shields, F. D., Jr., Knight, S.S. and Stofleth, J.M. 2006. Large wood addition for aquatic habitat rehabilitation in an incised sand-bed stream Little Topashaw Creek, Mississippi . River Research and Applications 22(7): 803-817.
Shields , F. D., Jr. and Alonso , C.V. 2012. Assessment of flow forces on large wood in rivers. Water Resources Research, 48, WO4516, doi:10.10292011WR011547.
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Sylte, T., and Fischenich, C. 2000. Rootwad composites for streambank erosion control and fish habitat enhancement. Vicksburg, MS, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
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Wallerstein, N. P., Alonso, C. V., Bennett, S. O. and Thorne, C. R. 2001. Distorted Froude-scaled flume analysis of large woody debris. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26: 1265-1283.
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White, R. 2013 . A fresh look at stream restoration. UMSRS, LaCrosse, WI. <http://www.prrsum.org/sites/prrsum.org/files/White_2013%20Uppr%20Midw%20Symposium%20Med%20Res%20FINAL%20%20for%20PDF.pdf >(December 17,2014).
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Wohl, E. 2013. Floodplains and wood. Earth-Science Reviews 123:194-2
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U. S. Army Corps of Engineers 1994. Engineering and Design: Hydraulic Design of Flood Control Channels. Department of the Army, Washington, D.C.
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More selected literature
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