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inside
contents 8.2019
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REFLECTING ON RECOVERY
Ivan Moody, frontman and singer of Five Finger Death Punch, explains how his life changed after being introduced to cannabis, which allows him to continue touring with his band and enjoy life with a sober state of mind.
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Preparing for Paradise Everything you need to know about visiting Hawaii as a medical cannabis consumer.
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Leading the Charge These universities are making history with their monumental focuses on cannabis research and education.
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Chief Research Roger Adams was a famous U.S. researcher who was the first person to isolate CBD.
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Industry Insider VP of Business Development Derek Thomas of Veritas Farms is bringing CBD to the mainstream through national distribution at Kroger Co. Family of Stores.
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departments
news 11 By the Numbers 14 Legal Corner 16 News Nuggets 17 Local News reviews 18 Cool Stuff 20 Entertainment Reviews in every issue 42 À La Carte 44 Growing Culture 45 News of the Weird
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Online Exclusive! d New Utah Cannabis Rules Spark Concern d Industrial Hemp Could Save the Bees
VOL 11 ISSUE 2
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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jamie Solis ASSOCIATE EDITOR Ashley Kern EDITORIAL COORDINATOR Benjamin Adams EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS Matthew Abel, Hilary Bricken, Devon Alexander Brown, Jacob Cannon, Alex Distefano, David Edmundson. Caroline Hayes, Carl Kozlowski, Alison Malsbury, Kiara Manns, Madison Ortiz, Denise Pollicella, Nicole Potter, R. Scott Rappold, Ed Rosenthal, Lanny Swerdlow, Simon Weedn, Laurie Wolf PHOTOGRAPHERS Steve Baker, Kristopher Christensen, John Gilhooley, Joel Meaders, Mike Rosati, Eric Stoner, Bruce Wolf ART DIRECTOR Steven Myrdahl PRODUCTION MANAGER Michelle Aguirre ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES Angie Callahan, Kim Cook, Casey Roel OFFICE MANAGER Mikayla Aguilar
CULTURE® Magazine is published every month and distributes magazines at over 600 locations throughout Washington. No articles, illustrations, photographs, or other matter within may be reproduced without written permission. CULTURE® Magazine is a registered trademark. All rights reserved. 815 1st Ave | #220 Seattle | Washington | 98104 Phone 888.694.2046 | Fax 888.694.2046 www.CultureMagazine.com
CULTURE® Magazine is printed using post-recycled paper.
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The estimated number of cannabis cultivators in Oregon whose applications could become inactive if they do not submit a land use compatibility statement: (Source: The Bulletin)
660
The estimated number of people who attended the Bellingham Budfest in mid-July:
The number of Washington children under five years of age who were exposed to cannabis in 2018: (Source: Washington Poison Center)
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2,000
(Source: The Bellingham Herald)
The number of faculty members who are involved in the recently launched Global Hemp Innovation Center in Oregon: (Source: The Daily Barometer)
40
The projected amount of money, in billions of dollars, that the U.S. cannabis industry will reach in annual sales by 2030: (Source: Arcview Market Research)
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The estimated number of cannabis convictions that are eligible to be expunged in Illinois following recreational cannabis legalization:
The estimated amount of money, in millions of dollars, that was collected in legal cannabis sales during the week of Fourth of July in the U.S.: (Source: Akerna)
800,000
(Source: The Hill)
The number of medical cannabis patients registered in Montana as of late-June: (Source: San Francisco Chronicle)
400
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Seattle HEMPFEST WHEN: Fri, Aug. 16-Sun, Aug. 18 WHERE: Myrtle Edwards Park, 3130 Alaskan Wy., Seattle WEBSITE: hempfest.org Founded in 1991, HEMPFEST has grown to become a popular annual tradition for cannabis enthusiasts in the Northwest. Three stages will host a lineup of musical talent, which includes the Share Parker Main Stage, the Ric Smith Hemposium Stage and the Seeley Black Stage. In the past, guests like former U.S. Congressman Dennis Kucinich and actor Woody Harrelson have spoken on the
main stage. The festival’s staff has been beefed up to 800 employees this year to accommodate larger crowds. There will also be 400 music, art and informational booths to browse through. Don’t miss the High Times DOPE Cup section at the DOPEland Carnival inside HEMPFEST this year! Anybody who lives in the Washington area knows that HEMPFEST is where it’s at. CultureMagazine.com
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NEWS
LEGAL CORNER
INCREASED FLEXIBILITY Washington State now allows royalties in IP licensing deals
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By Alison Malsbury tructuring intellectual property (IP) licensing deals in a way that makes economic sense has been a struggle for I-502 licensees since the inception of cannabis legalization in Washington State. The state’s rigorous ownership, or “true party of interest,” disclosure and vetting requirements meant that any party taking a portion of the profits from a licensed cannabis business, including royalties, must qualify and be disclosed to the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (LCB) as a true party of interest. Because of the residency requirements that accompany true 14
party of interest qualification, out-ofstate cannabis brand owners have been severely restricted in how they license their brands to Washington producers and processors. Licensing agreements needed to be structured to avoid a payment scheme that included any share of the profits or revenues of the licensee, which often meant that licensors were selling packaging to licensees and/or taking flat fee
payments. These restrictions made it nearly impossible to create a payment structure that would give a licensor the true benefit of the success of their brand in Washington State. But in May, Gov. Jay Inslee signed House Bill 1794, which explicitly allows cannabis licensees to enter into IP licensing deals with third parties that include a royalty without triggering true party of interest disclosure requirements, so long as that royalty does not exceed 10 percent of the licensee’s gross sales of the licensed/ branded products. The bill also allows for the payment of lump sums or flat rates, and it allows for standard quality control by a licensor without triggering that same true party of interest disclosure based on control of a licensee. As has been the case for some time now, all licensing agreements must still be disclosed to the LCB. This law went into effect on July 28 and will likely lead to the renegotiation of many existing licensing agreements to include more economically reasonable terms. Parties to such licensing agreements will still need to ensure that their agreements don’t contain other provisions that will trigger true party of interest disclosure, but will have substantially more flexibility when it comes to payment and the types of quality control provisions one would typically find in a trademark licensing agreement. Because I expect to see a proliferation of such licensing agreements in Washington State (as well as renegotiation of existing agreements), now is a good time to consider some of the basic considerations for all IP licensing deals. In addition to the true party of interest issues raised by IP licensing payment structures discussed above, the parties will need to determine whether single or ongoing lump sum payments also make sense, as well as the frequency of payments and what kind of accounting must be provided to the licensor. And even though HB-1794 will allow licensors to exercise quality control over a licensee without triggering true party of interest disclosure, licensors will still have to walk a fine line between a level of control that allows them to protect their IP assets and a level of control that would be impermissible under state law. There is no bright line rule here, and these provisions must be carefully crafted. Some other issues to consider when putting together these agreements include indemnification, morality clauses, which party is responsible for marketing and to what extent, creative control over marketing, term and termination, exclusivity, performance targets, etc. Although this legislation will make life easier for trademark licensing parties in Washington State, it is by no means a free pass to craft these agreements in any way possible, and retention of an IP attorney with a solid grasp on state regulations will be key. c
“Because of the residency requirements that accompany true party of interest qualification, out-of-state cannabis brand owners have been severely restricted in how they license their brands to Washington producers and processors.”
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NEWS
NUGGETS
Washington Regulators Announce Traceability Workaround After a software update for Washington’s traceability product Leaf Data Systems, problems and delays have cost licensees thousands of dollars, as manifests and business-to-business transfers weren’t working. The issues were supposed to be resolved on July 17, but the problems persisted. On July 18, the Washington State Liquor
and Cannabis Board (LCB) issued a release announcing a temporary workaround after there was “ . . . work stoppage connected to lab results preventing manifests and transfers.” For the time being, the LCB asked companies to use a webform manifest to alleviate the slow progress. “All documentation to support your manifest and transfer must be maintained in your records,” the LCB reminded license holders in the release. Despite the new directions, some business operators in the state say that webform manifest does not solve the issue. A more permanent solution to the software issue is expected to be resolved soon.
Clark County Approves Cannabis Businesses in Unincorporated Areas The Clark County Council voted 3-2 on July 2 to end its ban on cannabis businesses in unincorporated areas of the county. The ban has been in place since 2014. Title 40, Chapter 260, Section 115 of the Clark County Unified Development Code was amended to allow those types of businesses, beginning on Jan. 1, 2020. Councilmembers addressed concerns from the community that allowing cannabis in the area could lead its residents down the slippery slope to addiction. “Not everybody in our community suffers from 16
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addiction and is susceptible to addiction, and different substances affect different people in different ways,” argued Councilmember Temple Lentz. Lentz added that the district she represents voted affirmatively on Initiative 502, which is why she voted in favor of the amendment. There are currently three permits that have been issued for cannabis businesses in the area, but state-level licenses are currently on hold.
Hawaii Decriminalizes Small Amounts of Cannabis Hawaii Gov. David Ige vetoed two cannabisrelated bills on July 9, but on the same day, he also approved House Bill 1383, which decriminalized possession of small amounts of cannabis. Those who are caught with three grams or less of cannabis will only receive a $130 fine, the equivalent of a driving ticket, instead of criminal charges, jail time and a hefty fine. “Beginning on January 11, 2020, this bill will make possession of three grams or less of marijuana punishable by a $130 fine. Under current law, possessing even a tiny amount of cannabis is punishable by up to 30 days in jail, a fine of up to $1,000 and a possible life-altering criminal record,” said the Marijuana Policy Project. That makes Hawaii the 26th state to decriminalize cannabis, following a similar measure in North Dakota. The governor called the bill a “tough call” but eventually decided to let it go into effect.
NEWS
LOCAL
IMPERATIVE RESEARCH Washington study to examine
the complicated relationship between cannabis and pregnancy
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By Kiara Manns
here seems to be an endless sea of advice, books and research on pregnancy for expecting parents to wade through. From medical advice to parenting practices, soon-to-be parents have an infinite amount of information to guide them through the process. Despite so much information, how cannabis may or may not affect unborn babies and newborns remains widely uncertain. A new study taking place at the University of Washington (UW) will attempt to shed light on the relationship between cannabis consumption and pregnancy. Studies similar to this evaluation have been few and far between in the past, due to the taboo that has long-loomed over cannabis consumption. A research team at the university will study how cannabis consumption during pregnancy can impact unborn babies with the help of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), which has allocated $190,000 to the UW for its research project. Headquartered in Maryland, the NIDA focuses on what the organization calls “addiction science.” “Our mission is to advance science on the causes and consequences of drug use and addiction and to apply that knowledge to improve individual and public health,” reads the institute’s site. The NIDA upholds its mission statement by funding studies, supporting research
training, public education and more. NIDAfunded studies often examine the effects of drug use and how it interacts with neurobiological, behavioral and social factors. The project at UW, officially titled Olfactory Activation and Brain Development in Infants with Prenatal Cannabis Exposure, acknowledges the lack of information on the subject and the fact that cannabis has nearly tripled in potency over the last three decades. The research team will ask expecting mothers to consume cannabis during all three trimesters of their gestation period. For their participation in the project that will last over a year, each woman will receive monetary compensation. Out of the 70 women who will be observed during their pregnancies, half will be asked to consume cannabis twice a week while the other 35 will not. Those consuming cannabis will do so to offset morning sickness. When it comes to pregnant women, research project leader Natalia Kleinhans explained, “There’s little research to back up the medical and public health advice they’re getting to stay away from pot to control nausea.” Kleinhans’ team’s study hopes to find more clarity on how cannabis may or may not support such advice. The researchers at UW will also be taking note of the percentages of THC and CBD the women consume each week. As a reminder, THC is the psychoactive component within cannabis, while CBD is not. Once the children are six months old, they will receive brain scans to determine if the early exposure to cannabis reveals itself in the brain’s development. “We will use fMRI to look at the integrity of the reward system that we think could be affected by marijuana—to see if there is a change,” Kleinhans said regarding the six month follow-up. Along with detecting any changes in infant development, those who are involved with the project will also look to see if sense of smell has developed normally for the babies. “Smell is one of the earliest developing senses, and it activates brain regions that have cannabinoid receptors and are involved in reward and addiction,” Kleinhans shared. Although research in the past on cannabis has been limited, the University of Denver and Duke University have been involved in similar studies relating to cannabis and child development. As curiosity grows among the community, medical discoveries relating to cannabis consumption will be sure to follow. c
Cannabis Quality Assurance Summit The Laboratory Guild presents the Cannabis Quality Assurance Summit, a two-day conference focusing on good manufacturing processes and regulatory changes within Washington’s cannabis industry. There will be an array of panels including discussions on Good Manufacturing Practices, Pesticide Screening, Data Forensics, Defensible Data and Microbial Analysis. This is where you can find information in an intense, thorough learning environment. A keynote speaker will be announced shortly, with opening notes from the emcee on each day of the event. Get in touch with the intricacies of staying afloat under I-502, without the abundance of misinformation. William W. Philip Hall will host the main stage, and several other areas for vendors can be found in the Knopp Gallery or in the Columbia Bank Lobby area. The Laboratory Guild was founded by cannabis laboratories with a mission to promote better practices. WHEN: Fri, Aug. 23Sat, Aug. 24 WHERE: William W. Philip Hall, Commerce St., Tacoma WEBSITE: cannalabguild.org/ cannabis-qualityassurance-summit
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3. The Medusa Peak “Breathtaking” isn’t the first word that comes to mind when one thinks of vaping tools. However, The Medusa Peak instantly changed that, as reviewers could barely breathe following their love at first sight experience with this gorgeous dab rig. The beautiful rose gold band compliments the sleek and simple aesthetic of this piece. Beyond beautiful, its intelligent features like four unique user heat settings and smartware that automatically calibrate the temperature will have consumers feeling like they’re the dabbers of the future. Don’t forget to add on the Medusa Travel Pack to keep the party rollin’. Price: $399.99 More Information: www.puffco.com
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REVIEWS
entertainment MUSIC
The Psychic Hologram
BOOK
Cannabis For Dummies Kim Ronkin Casey and Joe Kraynak Pub. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MOVIE
Pet Sematary RELEASE DATE: AUGUST 2 AVAILABLE ON: PC, PLAYSTATION 4 AND XBOX ONE
Nothing proves cannabis is mainstream like the For Dummies book series that delves into it as the most current subject. Cannabis For Dummies is one of the most straightforward resources for the cannabis-curious. Learn more about the science of the miraculous plant whether you’re interested in consumption for recreational or medical purposes. If you’d like to discover whether or not cannabis is right for you, this guide will help you gain insight on the effects of cannabis, as well as the legality surrounding the plant. Don’t be a dummy— this book helps readers understand why the cannabis industry is booming and why they should care. (Jacob Cannon) 20
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GAME
Madden NFL 20 Dev. EA Tiburon Pub. Electronic Arts Every summer when it’s too hot to play physical sports outside, a new Madden game releases—and every year it boasts a slew of professional players added to its roster and continually improves upon the game’s predecessors. This year, Madden NFL 20 features a career campaign called “Face the Franchise: QB1,” where players can create their own college-level athlete (hailing from 10 different college teams) and compete to earn their spot with the pros. (Nicole Potter)
Dir. Kevin Kölsch, Dennis Widmyer Paramount Pictures The horror novels of Stephen King are going through something of a film adaptation renaissance at the moment, and honestly, now is the perfect time. In the 1980s, King’s work saw a similar flurry of film treatment, but many suffered from low budgets and a lack of special effects technology. Most recently King’s 1983 novel Pet Sematary, the chilling tale of the dead returning to life, was given a modern re-working to great effect. Helmed by rookie directors Kevin Kölsch and Dennis Widmyer, the film serves the novel well by capturing all of the honest humanity of the character’s decisions alongside all of their dark, terrifying consequences. (Simon Weedn)
Cyberplasm Iron Lung Records After a pair of cassette-only releases, Olympia’s Cyberplasm has arrived with a brutal debut full length album entitled The Psychic Hologram. Loaded up with blistering guitars, combustive programmed drums and fiery, distorted vocals, The Psychic Hologram is the soundtrack to a dark, dystopian future where humanity is scarce and technology and robots have taken control. Integrating genres like punk, industrial, noise and electronic black metal, Cyberplasm offers some of the most interesting and varied music for those who find themselves drawn to extreme, aggressive sounds. Though heavy and abrasive, Cyberplasm shows an uncanny ability to truly transport listeners into new worlds with this debut. (Simon Weedn)
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PACKIN’ A PUNCH CBD IS THE CENTER OF FIVE FINGER DEATH PUNCH FRONTMAN IVAN MOODY’S SOBRIETY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ENDEAVORS
By Alex Distefano
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“CBD helped me with maintaining a schedule to eat, as well as a healthy diet, which is not easy on the road.�
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I
van Moody hates being referred to as a rockstar. As frontman and lead singer of mega-successful American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch, he has performed in front of hundreds of thousands of fans around the world, and he has shared the stage with acclaimed heavy metal bands such as Judas Priest, Metallica, Korn, Lamb of God, Slipknot, Slayer and so many others for the past 15 years. He’s even dabbled as an actor in a few horror films. But this lifestyle came with its price for Moody, as he openly struggled with alcoholism for years, as the world of heavy metal watched. For several years, Moody’s selfdestructive ways made headlines in the metal world, including boozefueled incidents both on-and-off the stage. His disease even led his bandmates to temporarily replace him with a different vocalist, by the name of Tommy Vext in 2017 during the middle of a European tour, so he could seek treatment for his addiction. However, since then Moody has so many reasons to celebrate. Several months ago, he happily celebrated one year of sobriety, which was quite an accomplishment for someone who stated in past public interviews that he never thought he would be able to quit drinking. To aid in the process of his recovery, Moody recently launched his own brand of CBD products, mainly CBD throat sprays and CBD-infused water products. Known as Moody’s Medicinals, the brand launched in June in Moody’s hometown of Las Vegas, Nevada, where both recreational and medicinal cannabis are legal under state law. Moody recently took the time to chat with CULTURE from his home in Las Vegas about his new line of CBD products, the role CBD played in his detox and recovery, his struggles not only with alcoholism but posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety, his love of meeting fans and how CBD has kept him healthy on the road touring with Five Finger Death Punch.
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to calm my nerves; when you go through recovery the body goes through a lot of chemical changes. It was a dangerous time for me, because I went on the road. CBD was always a natural way for me to medicate certain ailments I wasn’t in the mood for prescription drugs. CBD can help on so many levels from physical to mental ailments. It helped me stay focused and with my appetite. It was something that made it possible for me to stay healthy out there instead of dwindling down to a toothpick. CBD helped me with maintaining a schedule to eat, as well as a healthy diet, which is not easy on the road.
What is the origin of Moody’s Medicinals? When I got out of recovery, I went straight out on the road. I was told from day one I would not make it, I would be surrounded by bad influences and people were counting on me to come back to rehab. I had to stop using throat sprays, because they had alcohol in them. This is where CBD came in, and I got the idea for the throat spray and infused water. When I first began using, I added CBD oils to water. This really helped keep me focused, tame my anxiety and also [helped] with my appetite. I had to figure out a way to eat on the road, with my busy schedule, I didn’t want to force myself. CBD helped me come up with a schedule I could eat regularly on. CBD was helpful for me from day one of me hitting the road, to this day. I think people could benefit from it. I’m not saying it’s the end-all-be-all, or the cure for everything. But it gave me positive results, and if it can work for some people, I see nothing but positive in that. How has consuming CBD helped you? I grew up in Denver, Colorado, and we were at the forefront of legalizing cannabis. I’ve been around this sort of natural love for cannabis for my entire life. I suffered from anxiety and PTSD, and being a public figure doesn’t help going on stage. CBD is something I really began to get into after I stopped drinking and got into recovery 28
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“CBD was helpful for me from day one of me hitting the road, to this day. I think people could benefit from it. I’m not saying it’s the end-allbe-all, or the cure for everything. But it gave me positive results, and if it can work for some people, I see nothing but positive in that.”
What are your personal favorite CBD products? I prefer the water. It has to do with absorption of CBD. It is a more natural way of intake, with not as much added sugars or artificial sweeteners, which so many CBD products and THC products for that matter contain. I also wanted a product with no alcohol, which is where my throat spray came from. A lot of the throat sprays available have alcohol in them, and being in recovery, I wanted to stay away from this, which is where I thought of CBD throat spray. It impacts you at a faster rate and doesn’t linger in your stomach, which disrupts your digestion. Lots of people who suffer from anxiety also have ulcers and other stomach issues; it’s very common. For me though, the water is hands down the most effective way to ingest it, but I also love the throat spray. I use them both regularly. How important is it to meet your fans on the road? That’s one part of my day—believe it or not—that I don’t get anxiety over, for multiple reasons. I don’t get a chance to be a social butterfly too much when we are out on the road. But, when I get to meet my hardcore fans, and the Five Finger Death Punch fanbase, whether at the shows or at events for Moody’s Medicinals, it’s a huge deal, for me to be able to sit there and talk to them about the benefits of CBD, or share other personal stories about the music or whatever. But also to have that chance to use this platform in a positive meaningful way is so important to me. It’s a crucial part of my recovery as well, which is an added benefit.
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Can you tell us about other sober musicians who have helped you? We have read in past interviews that you got support from Jonathan Davis of Korn, Rob Halford of Judas Priest and others. Of course there’s a connection there. Those are my people. But sadly, still, there are so many people out there ashamed to admit they have a problem. This is a disease that has been shunned in our society, but it needs to be approached as the problem it is. I absolutely love meeting with and speaking to people in recovery. But, I also admire “normal” people who are able to have a beer, put it down and walk away content. I’m just not made that way, my body reacts to alcohol in a different way, but I’m never judgmental of anyone’s situation. The world is too small, and we are all far too connected [in] this day and age for that.
trying to live their lives. But I just want everyone to know that I stood my ground and am capable of fighting my inner demons. That will not be my legacy to take my own life. CBD has helped me throughout this, especially with all the initial chemical changes I was dealing with. What I like about it, is the dosage. You can choose the right amount for your individual use. CBD was a direct, more natural way for me to decide on my own terms what was going to help to alleviate my symptoms, be
Tell us about the new Five Finger Death Punch song “Blue On Black,” which features country music icons Kenny Wayne Shepherd and Brantley Gilbert, along with the legendary guitarist Brian May from Queen. Even though I am in a heavy metal band, I have always been a fan of blues, rock ‘n’ roll and country
“. . . I just want everyone to know that I stood my ground and am capable of fighting my inner demons. That will not be my legacy to take my own life. CBD has helped me throughout this, especially with all the initial chemical changes I was dealing with.”
Can you talk about the connection between mental health and addiction? There is absolutely a connection between mental health and any kind of drug or alcohol addiction. Depression is real, and of course with the high profile suicides of Chris Cornell, then Chester Bennington, I guess now people are starting to wake up and realize this is a huge hidden problem. It’s been out in the open and has been for decades among musicians, movie stars, celebrities and average people out there just
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it PTSD, social anxiety or whatever. With the help of CBD, I accepted the problems I had without over-medicating myself.
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music. Kenny Wayne Shepherd is simply an icon in country music. The song we did with him meant a lot to me, lyrically and musically for that matter. It was never my intention to do a cover song. I wanted to do a collaboration. Kenny agreed and brought Brantley to the table, which was awesome. Then, we had management somehow get the great Brian May from Queen on there with us, and it just came out as an amazing track. We were all satisfied with the end result. But, to say that I wasn’t affected by it on a personal or career level would be a lie. I would have to say that it was one of the most amazing highlights of my career so far. It speaks volumes to our fans and fans of country music and rock music in general. What does the future hold for Five Finger Death Punch? Well first, I want to thank all the loyal fans of ours for supporting the music and myself all these years. I also want them to know we’re coming. It’s a whole new us, a whole new band, and we’re ready. I’m excited as I have ever been with this band. It’s a whole new me for sure, and as a band, we have a lot of energy and excitement. We’re so eager to get out there on the road and play some shows we have and others that are being lined up. But, we are coming to a town near you, so all I can say to our fans is that we will see you this summer. I can’t wait to face this ride head-on. c moodysmedicinals.com
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A C A N N A B I S - F R I E N D LY H AWA I I A N VA C AT I O N AWA I T S By Jacob Cannon
Serious cannabis consumers know that it’s hard to travel when access to cannabis isn’t a sure bet. Maintain those dreams of a tropical Hawaiian vacation and make them a reality! As of March 5, cannabis patients from outof-state are eligible to apply for a state of Hawaii medical cannabis card. This easy guide will make sure you’re enjoying the effects of safe and legal medical cannabis on your next Hawaiian adventure.
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Registration Before you enter in credit card details to secure your flight to Hawaii, make sure you’re registered for a temporary Out-ofState card, issued by the Hawaii State Department of Health. Visit medmj.ehawaii. gov to find out if you’re eligible to apply for the Hawaii Medical Cannabis Registry Program. Applicants must have a valid medical cannabis card issued by the U.S. state or territory that they live in. Any type of private recommendation will result in a denied application. The medical card must also be issued for one of Hawaii’s debilitating medical conditions. Some of the conditions include
severe pain, severe nausea, seizures and cancer. A full list of conditions can be found on health. hawaii.gov. Next, create your account and start your online application. Keep in mind that applications can be submitted as early as 60 days prior to the desired start date, and each applicant is allowed only two registrations per calendar year. There is a non-refundable application fee of $49.50.
Islands and Dispensaries Access to cannabis was not created equally across all Hawaiian Islands. That’s why it’s important to make sure your destination has
legal medical cannabis dispensaries that you can conveniently visit. The Hawaii State Department of Health has a list of all the licensed dispensaries for easy reference. According to the department’s website, Big Island Grown is located in Hawaii County. Hawaiian Ethos is also set to open soon, but it is not yet operational. Honolulu County is home to the largest number of dispensaries with three currently in operation. The dispensaries are named Aloha Green, Cure Oahu and Noa Botanicals. Kauai County has one dispensary listed,
Photo courtesy of Noa Botanicals in Honolulu, Hawaii
Green Aloha, while Maui County has two, Maui Grown Therapies and Pono Life Maui.
Responsible Consumption Securing a safe place to consume your cannabis depends on your preferred method. Hawaii has smoke-free laws in place that forbid public smoking of tobacco and medical cannabis in all places, including beaches and parks, so flower might not be your best bet if you plan to consume on-the-go. Many dispensaries offer tinctures and edibles for more discreet cannabis consumption, but those who prefer flower over everything else aren’t completely out of luck. Some vacation rentals in Hawaii advertise that they’re 420-friendly. Beautiful properties, from cozy cabins to a treehouse, are available on the cannabis-friendly vacation rental booking website, Bud and Breakfast. Each listing has unique rules, such as some allow smoking cannabis indoors, while others require all smoking be limited to outdoors on the lanai.
Travel Smart Follow the laws when it comes to cannabis and travel. It is illegal to travel by any means between islands, back to the mainland or internationally with cannabis in your possession. c CultureMagazine.com
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HIGHEST EDUCATION
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Public universities continue to lead the charge of America’s cannabis research and education By Addison Herron-Wheeler College used to be thought of as a time when young adults would experiment with cannabis behind closed doors. Now, cannabis is becoming so normalized that it’s not uncommon for universities to offer cannabis programs and engage in groundbreaking research of the plant. Here are a few of the best universities across the nation that are revolutionizing the knowledge of cannabis—even if not all of the students are old enough to consume it legally.
cannabis and its properties. The research agreement will take place over the next three years and will provide input and guidance into expanding education and developing more research about cannabis as medicine.
Stockton University Colorado State University-Pueblo Colorado State University-Pueblo’s Institute of Cannabis Research (ICR) is a partnership between the university, the State of Colorado and Pueblo County, which was established in June 2016. The program’s current studies include a study on cannabis for adults who suffer from seizures due to refractory epilepsy, the effects of eating hempseed and applications of industrial hemp, among many others. “With initial funding support from Pueblo County and the state of Colorado, the ICR is the nation’s first multi-disciplinary cannabis research center at a regional, comprehensive institution,” its website states. “The primary function of the Institute is the generation of knowledge that contributes to science, medicine, and society through investigation of the benefits and risks associated with cannabis.”
This New Jersey university recently partnered with the New Jersey CannaBusiness Association and the New Jersey Cannabis Industry Association earlier this year, both of which advocate for the cannabis industry throughout the state. The partnership will bring in key individuals to speak with Stockton students about different problems and opportunities facing the industry. “Students in the program come from a variety of majors,” said Dr. Ekaterina Sedia, a Stockton Associate Professor of Biology. “The new partnerships will allow our students to apply what they are learning to their field of interest.” Those who started the program predict that New Jersey will expand its medical cannabis program, and they see recreational cannabis looming in the future as well.
University of California, Irvine The University of California, Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine was awarded a $9 million grant in 2018 to study cannabis and its impact on teenage brains. The grant came from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the four-year study is examining the effects of cannabis on the endocrine system. “The [endocannabinoid] system is the main point of entry of THC into the brain. Now that cannabis is legal in many states, it’s very important to understand whether excessive activation of this signaling system during adolescence can produce alterations in cognition and motivated behavior that lasts into adulthood,” stated Dr. Daniele Piomelli, director of the UCI Center for the Study of Cannabis.
University of California, San Diego Harvard University On May 28, the Alberta, Canada-based Atlas Biotechnologies Inc. partnered with Harvard Global Health Catalyst on International Phytomedicines and Medical Cannabis Institute at Harvard (Harvard IPI) to create a program that will look into the use of medical
The University of California, San Diego’s Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research (CMCR) has already conducted a variety of important studies on cannabis. Its current studies include the effects of CBD on children with severe autism, cannabis as a treatment for bipolar disorder and the effects of cannabis and endocannabinoids on neuropathic pain caused by HIV, among many other topics. Starting in 2018, the university partnered with the California Highway Patrol for a study, which examines how driving is impacted by cannabis use. CultureMagazine.com
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“If you smoked this morning, are you impaired throughout the day? Are you impaired for a couple of hours? Or are you not impaired? We’re trying to answer that,” said Dr. Thomas D. Marcotte, who is co-director of the CMCR and in charge of the study along with Dr. Barth Wilsey, according to the study. Dr. Marcotte stressed that determining when someone is under the influence of cannabis can be tricky, and this study aims to clarify this issue.
University of Colorado, Boulder University of Colorado, Boulder (CU Boulder) Center for Research and Education Addressing Cannabinoids and Health (CU REACH) is currently studying cannabis According to CU Boulder’s website, the center “is devoted to the development of evidence-based knowledge regarding the effects of cannabis that will improve the lives of those who suffer from disease states that may be alleviated by cannabis.” The CU REACH program is offering a scholarship to a cannabis research scholar, and those who study there are involved in work that examines CBD, the cannabis genome and more.
industry, add to existing research in the field, and develop well-informed medical cannabis policy.” The program is the first-of-its-kind to offer a Master’s degree in cannabis, and it will cover issues such as public health, science, clinical use and cannabis laws on the state and national levels. “The goal of the MS in Medical Cannabis Science and Therapeutics program is to provide students with a broad knowledge of what’s currently known about the science and therapeutic use of the cannabis plant as well as an understanding of the legal and regulatory landscape related to research and use of medical cannabis,” said Leah Sera, PharmD, MS, BCPS, assistant professor of pharmacy practice and sciences at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and director of its Master of Science in Medical Cannabis Science and Therapeutics degree program, to CULTURE. “We anticipate that graduates of our program will be in a position to advance scientific and clinical research, support and educate patients, and help develop well-informed policies to shape the future of medical cannabis use.”
University of Connecticut The University of Connecticut (UConn) is now offering a new cannabis course called “Horticulture of Cannabis: From Seed to Harvest.” This introductory class requires no prerequisite courses and is an introduction to all things cultivation. “UConn is providing students with an opportunity to be absolutely at the cutting edge of a growing field,” said Gerald Berkowitz, who teaches the course, according to the school’s website. “Companies hiring people who learned in their basement will have an opportunity to hire people who were educated based on a curriculum that’s founded in hard science.”
University of Maryland The University of Maryland School of Pharmacy is offering a master’s degree in medical cannabis, which is a major step for cannabis education in the U.S. The program, known as The Master of Science (MS) in Medical Cannabis Science and Therapeutics, stated in a press release that its goal is to “provide students with the knowledge and skills needed to support patients in the medical cannabis 36
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University of Mississippi The University of Mississippi Medical Center is conducting a very important study on children with severe epilepsy. For the investigation, researchers looked at 10 Mississippian children with serious seizures. The study began in 2018. “[We are] targeting the sickest of the sick. The early parts of this research are targeted at making sure this is tolerable by children who have failed all other medical therapies,” Dr. Brad Ingram, a pediatric neurologist, told Mississippi Today. This research is important, because scientists and doctors are seeking to understand as much about medical cannabis for epilepsy as possible. For many youth, this is the only medicine that helps relieve their symptoms without a lot of side effects. c
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PIONEER OF THE PAST
Dr. Roger Adams’ pivotal early cannabis research helped to pave the way for modern studies By Benjamin M. Adams
Dr. Roger Adams
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While Israeli researcher Dr. Raphael Mechoulam is typically credited with isolating THC in 1964, a lesser known, but highly influential figure isolated CBD and synthesized THC over 20 years earlier. American chemist and researcher Dr. Roger Adams was the first to isolate CBD and the first to synthesize THC in a lab during the peak of World War II. Throughout the course of his esteemed career, Dr. Adams published 27 studies on the properties of cannabis in the American Journal of Chemistry, long before most other cannabis-related scientific research took place, and in spite of the rabid “Reefer Madness” attitude of the time. Coincidentally, Dr. Adams is also considered to be influential in the development of postgraduate degrees in America and plant chemistry in general.
He conducted research at prestigious schools like Harvard University, Radcliffe College and headed the chemistry department the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for decades. During World War I, Dr. Adams helped to develop chemical warfare assets with a position under the National Research Council in Washington, D.C. From there, he mostly focused on biochemicals. Just two years after cannabis was first banned federally from pharmacies and drug stores under the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, Dr. Adams received an exclusive and rare license from the Department of Treasury to obtain cannabis oil for research purposes. By 1939, cannabis was the sole focus of Dr. Adams’ work. Shortly after, he presented a paper to the National Academy of Science on “The Chemistry of Marihuana.” Many more would follow.
P H O T O S C O U R T E S Y O F U N I V E R S I T Y O F I L L I N O I S AT U R B A N A - C H A M PA I G N
Overcoming Hurdles Dr. Adams’ research into cannabis is one of the chief reasons he became a target of the Federal Bureau of Investigation under Director J. Edgar Hoover. In addition, anyone who could’ve been considered a Communist sympathizer, including Dr. Adams, was deemed a threat due to the political climate of the times. Hoover temporarily blocked Dr. Adams’ security clearance because of his cannabis research and alleged possible ties to Communist authors, but eventually caved and granted him clearance. Harry J. Anslinger, the nation’s first “Drug Czar,” is widely regarded as one of the galvanizing figures behind the “Reefer Madness” era. Dr. Adams’ research fell under the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, of which Anslinger was appointed commissioner. Dr. Adams and Anslinger personally— and publicly—disagreed on whether people should consume cannabis. Dr. Adams believed it had “pleasant effects,” as well as useful analgesic effects, while Anslinger outright rejected the consumption of cannabis in any shape or form.
Discoveries Dr. Adams isolated CBD from hemp oil in 1940, with help from his colleagues Madison Hunt and J.H. Clark. “In this investigation, Minnesota wild hemp, cut after flowering had begun and before the seed had ‘set’ in the female tops, was used as a raw material,” Dr. Adams wrote on Jan. 1, 1940. “It was extracted with ethanol and the so-called ‘red oil’ containing the active principle or principles was obtained by distillation under diminished pressure.” In 1942, Dr. Adams won a patent for his method of isolating CBD. While he was unable to isolate THC from the cannabis plant, he synthesized it by converting the molecular structure of CBD to a THC acetate
“Because of the groundbreaking cannabis research of Dr. Adams at the University of Illinois, dozens of other chemists were able to study the plant. . .” in a lab. Dr. Adams also documented THC analogs in his lab before technology like a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer was available to future scientists like Dr. Mechoulam in the 1960s and beyond. Shortly after World War II broke out, the Office of Strategic Services— which would evolve into the CIA—considered the properties of cannabinoids as a possible “truth serum” that could be used on U.S. soldiers for the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was, of course, the U.S. government’s ultra-classified mission to develop the atomic bomb. Over time, the U.S. government would experiment with various chemicals on the county’s own military forces— which is now viewed as completely unethical.
The Legacy Because of the groundbreaking cannabis research of Dr. Adams at the University of Illinois, dozens of other chemists were able to study
Dr. Roger Adams
the plant including Dr. H. J. Wollner, consulting chemist of the U.S. Treasury. Dr. Adams’ fingerprint in plant chemistry, especially cannabis chemistry, can be seen today. The “Adams Scale” measures the potency of cannabinoids, and it is still used in research settings. While there are dozens of potential medical applications from cannabis, Dr. Adams was among the first to observe cannabis’ analgesic effects. Dr. Adams’ extensive research paved the way for the modern scientific research of cannabis. Beginning in 1916, he granted around 200 Ph.Ds to students and helped to redefine postdoctoral research. He passed away peacefully in 1971. Dr. Adams played a crucial role in the beginnings of cannabis research. c CultureMagazine.com
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Industry Insider
SEALING THE DEAL
Derek Thomas of Veritas Farms lands the company a major CBD retail deal
By Jacob Cannon Derek Thomas has always been a natural born leader. For over a decade he focused on fundraising and business development consulting for multiple cannabis firms, until he finally found his home as VP of Business Development at Veritas Farms. He is now responsible for bringing the company’s CBD products to a national corporate scale through a partnership with Kroger Co. Family of Stores. Thomas is responsible for expanding Veritas Farms’ distribution, leading it to make such a large retail distribution accomplishment. While 40
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“I’m passionate about cannabis, its versatile use and humanity’s intimate history with the crop.”
his resume speaks to a strong backbone of professional experience, Thomas’ monumental success in the cannabis industry is also a result of developing his personal beliefs and feelings on the plant. “I’m passionate about cannabis, its versatile use and humanity’s intimate history with the crop. With my time in the space, I’ve become a more conscientious environmental advocate and embody a low carbon footprint lifestyle,” Thomas told CULTURE. Thomas’ environmentally conscious approach, business savvy and leadership background has helped Veritas Farms climb to the top rung of the ladder of success.
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Changing Times
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Perfectly Poised
Veritas Farms was not coincidentally in the right place at the right time; the company’s leadership was strategic in its approach to make Veritas’ products as accessible to customers as possible. Five years ago, Veritas Farms’ CEO Alexander Salgado foresaw issues, like a lack of quality and transparency, which were sure to plague the CBD industry. From this vision, he decided to create a fully vertically integrated CBD company, which would allow him to operate in the CBD market for the long run. Then, when the Farm Bill passed in late 2018, Salgado, Thomas and their team noticed that the conversation shifted in regards to CBD being sold at traditional retail chain stores. “We recognized this movement and began implementing strategic conversations to secure partnerships with larger chain stores to not only improve sales and revenue, but overall brand awareness,” Thomas explained. “We took the necessary time to understand the needs of our consumers and how/where they shop. In doing so, we wanted to ensure that we had a presence in all three markets—independent retailers, e-commerce and in national stores.”
Many CBD companies would love to have their products sold nationwide in major retail locations. That is the dream. Veritas Farms is now making that dream a reality, with many thanks to its leadership and vision. However, the structure of Veritas Farms is another huge reason why it is able to accomplish and fulfill this impressive distribution opportunity. “Veritas Farms is one of a few fully vertically integrated companies in the industry and operates a 140-acre farm and production facilities in Pueblo, Colorado,” Thomas said. “Here, the brand controls all of its growing, extracting, manufacturing and bottling to ensure the quality, potency and freshness of its products.” Thomas continued to compare Veritas’ approach to growing hemp to that of a quality wine vineyard, and he explained that the company also similarly focuses on conservation and sustainability. “We are committed to our community, sourcing locally whenever possible. W e practice sustainable farming methods, reducing our impact on the land, remembering that future generations of farmers will follow us,” he said. “We never use any pesticides, herbicides or fungicides, and create our own
“We recognized this movement and began implementing strategic conversations to secure partnerships with larger chain stores to not only improve sales and revenue, but overall brand awareness.”
organic fertilizer that helps balance the local ecosystem. We are part of the sustainable agricultural revolution, the phytocannabinoid hemp farm revolution and Colorado farmers who say they are ‘Colorado Proud.’”
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Advocate for the Future
The CBD industry will continue to grow, and Veritas Farms hopes to see additional retailers join in with Kroger to offer CBD products on their shelves. This is because CBD companies face issues with advertising and marketing, which includes their inability to classify CBD products as medical treatments. “When more retailers get into this space, it will help reduce roadblocks,” Thomas stated. Thomas recognizes the potential that CBD has to impact the health and wellness industry in a huge way, and his company is proud to help pave the way. “If we can move people away from NSAIDS and opioids and into healthier more holistic options, it would be life changing for countless people.” c www.veritasfarms.com CultureMagazine.com
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TASTEFUL TREATS
Award-winning pastry chef Mindy Segal bakes with love and cannabis
A
By Addison Herron-Wheeler
s the edibles industry grows and changes, the bar gets pushed higher and higher. It’s not good enough anymore just to bake some brownies that do the job but still taste like raw cannabis. Culinary crafting is an art, and especially if cannabis is involved. Mindy Segal, owner and consulting chef of Mindy’s Artisanal Edibles, is one of the creators who is driving the industry forward. One of the reasons Segal is such a force to be reckoned with isn’t just because she comes from a cannabis baking background. She’s an experienced pastry chef who is known for her famous non-infused goodies as well as her edibles. “I’ve been baking for 35 years,” she told CULTURE. “I discovered when I was young that I had a knack and decided to pursue my passion as a career. I worked really hard to find my place in the culinary world and was celebrated for my accomplishments with the James Beard Foundation Award in 2012. I’ve always been an advocate for cannabis for its medicinal properties and for adult use for lifestyle purposes. I see it as an extension of the hospitality I provide in my restaurant now. When Cresco approached me, I knew I wanted to take a stand.”
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Segal now works with Cresco Labs, a cannabis company based in Chicago, Illinois, where she was already established as a baker and well-known pastry chef. Her portfolio of cannabis products represents top-of-the-line products for all types of consumers, so it’s a big deal that Mindy’s Artisanal Edibles is representing the best of the best in Chicago. Her line of artisanal edibles is based on products that originated without cannabis. They are inspired by desserts featured on the menu of her Chicago-based restaurant, Mindy’s HotChocolate, or they come from her cookbook, Cookie Love: More Than 60 Recipes and Techniques for Turning the Ordinary Into the Extraordinary. She bakes using locally available and seasonal ingredients, and then adds clear distillate from Cresco’s in-house lab, allowing for incredible taste and a focus on the ingredients. “They are developed through the eyes of a pastry chef, which means they are ingredient-driven from the flavor to the chocolate and produced in a way that keeps the customer’s experience top of mind. I just want to make people happy,” she said. Some brands fail because they focus on either only the cannabis or only the culinary content, leading to edibles that either work well or taste great, but not both. Because Segal is such a talented and experienced chef who has access to extremely clean concentrate, Mindy’s Artisanal Edibles is able to do both. “I think excellence should be an important feature of any product that sits on the shelf,” she continued. “Cannabis edibles have a reputation of being overly potent and providing a bad experience. I believe we can do better. We have an attention to detail and focus on flavor and consistency as the main element of our product line.” Segal has already experienced a lot of success with her product, but there are even bigger things in store for her company and Cresco Labs in general, with the dawning of cannabis legalization in Illinois. When that happens, Chicago will become another cannabis mecca. “We’re looking forward to lots of growth on the horizon, including legalization in our home state of Illinois,” she added. “We can’t wait to become hometown heroes. We’ll also be expanding the brand into California and Massachusetts in the next few months.” In addition to having her eyes on the prize as
“They are developed through the eyes of a pastry chef, which means they are ingredient-driven from the flavor to the chocolate and produced in a way that keeps the customer’s experience top of mind. I just want to make people happy.” far as local cannabis commerce is concerned, Mindy’s Artisanal Edibles is set on expanding nationwide and reaching
an even bigger audience. “I’d like to be on a beach in Fiji!” She laughed. “Just kidding; I’d like to see Mindy’s Edibles as a national brand leading the industry with the best tasting edibles and made available to all adults who want to partake.” As far as words of wisdom for other business owners, her advice is simple. “In running any type of successful business, I think compassion and culture are essential factors as well as setting a clear vision for the future and supporting the folks that help to bring it to life,” she said. Already reaching a high level of sure success, Segal’s journey of bringing award-winning artisanal cannabis confections to the masses is just the beginning. c www.mindysedibles.com
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GROWING CULTURE
GARDEN FEVER
(PART III)
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By Ed Rosenthal
ast month, I placed some seedlings that I had started about 15 days earlier in cups and planted them in my 32 square-foot water garden. The experiment suffered from a number of problems. First, the hydrocorn supporting the seedlings didn’t hold the seedlings securely enough to develop much of a root system. When the seedlings were placed in the water tray, they began to suffer. The first symptom was drooping leaves. That is an indication that roots are suffering from oxygen starvation. The tray was outfitted with an oxygen generation system using hydrolysis, but it wasn’t generating enough oxygen for the plants. I replaced it with six lines of irrigation tubing with holes 6” apart. This is attached to an air pump with an output of about 350 gallons of air per hour. This system solved the problem. Next, I noticed that the plants were suffering from both a magnesium deficiency and a slight calcium deficiency. These deficiencies were caused by a lack
The water unit is recovering from oxygen, pH and nutrient problems. 44
of these elements in the tap water. The reason for this is because most fertilizers are formulated for use with “average” water. For example, San Francisco Bay cities use runoff water, which has very little dissolved salts. Finally, I noticed that my pH meter was not performing correctly and was giving me incorrect readouts, resulting in plants suffering from a solution with a pH below five. This was just corrected a couple of days ago, and the plants are already in recovery. I have better news regarding the greenhouse garden. The plants there are doing fabulously. I have plants in two different systems drawing water from the same tray. The first uses clay pebbles. The 8” tall colanders are submerged 2” and above water 6”. A pump constantly delivers a gentle stream of water that flows over the pebbles, creating a water/nutrient film. Large air spaces between the pebbles provide the roots with plenty of air. The other group of plants uses a planting mix and is irrigated using a wick system. Nylon rope hangs from holes in the bottom of the containers into
One of the plants in the unit that has already started to recover.
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The greenhouse unit and tray on a table.
the tray. Water is drawn up to the container as it’s used by the plant by capillary action, the same way a tissue draws water. In addition, the container receives about eight ounces of water three times daily using a timer to regulate a small submersible pump. The plants have been doing really well, but are close to the 9’ ceiling. Looking at the situation, I realized the tray was sitting on a table. So I had some friends help me empty the tray of the plants, drain the water, remove the tray from the table and then place it on a Styrofoam board to stop heat transfer with the greenhouse floor, and then reassemble the unit. Then the tray was put back together. In late July, the plants were light-prepped for a midSeptember harvest. c
GARDEN TIP
It isn’t too late to plant with seed or clones outdoors or in a greenhouse in areas where it stays warm through the end of October. In other areas, plant in containers that can be moved outdoors on warm days and lit indoors on cool or rainy days. The plants will immediately start to flower as they grow and will be ready to harvest in 60-70 days.
The water systems are installed and tested.
The tray (now positioned lower) with plastic covering installed.
NEWS of the
BY THE EDITORS AT ANDREWS MCMEEL
WEIRD
rolling raw ground turkey breast into a carrot shape, cooking it sous-vide for an hour, covering it with a special “carrot marinade,” and then oven-roasting it for another hour. Bon appetit!
LEAD STORY—BRIGHT IDEA Arby’s has turned the trend toward plant-based “burgers” on its head with the new Marrot: a carrot made out of meat. Vice reported that Arby’s has definitively rejected the plant-based meats movement. “(W)hat Americans really want . . . is great, tasty meat,” said Jim Taylor, Arby’s chief marketing officer. “So we said if others can make meat out of vegetables, why can’t we make vegetables out of meat?” The Marrot is made by
THE LITIGIOUS SOCIETY Tommy Martin, 58, of Mount Holly, North Carolina, hopes to see Hardee’s in federal court after a “humiliating” incident at a Belmont store in which Martin was given just two Hash Rounds on his breakfast plate, rather than the halfdozen or so depicted on the company’s website. Martin, who is black, told The News and Observer that he felt like he was in a scene from the segregated 1960s when he asked for more. “The manager came back and
said that what you get. Got home with tear in mine eye,” Martin said in the handwritten lawsuit filed June 24 in U.S. District Court in Charlotte. The cashier was prepared to give him more Hash Rounds, Martin said, but the manager, who is white, stepped in and gave him a refund instead. NIGHTMARE NEIGHBOR After her husband suffered a stroke in 2012, Junghee Kim Spicer, owner of the Yakima (Washington) Arts Academy, increased the number of piano students she taught in her home, angering neighbor Paul Patnode, who complained and forced Spicer to get a permit that limited the hours and number of students she could teach each day, reported the
Yakima Herald. Spicer complied, according to court documents, but Patnode, unsatisfied, sued her and lost that case in 2014. Undeterred, Patnode changed tactics: From November 2015 through March 2016, he parked his diesel pickup truck next to Spicer’s home, remotely revving the engine and setting off the truck’s alarm each time a student walked by. Spicer and her husband won a $40,000 settlement in their resulting lawsuit, and on June 25, the Division III Court of Appeals upheld that ruling. Chief Judge Robert Lawrence-Berry wrote: “(Mr. Patnode) intended to achieve through harassment what he had been unable to achieve through legal means.”
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