"Exploring the levels of equity in accessibility to education in Thuringia" INTERNSHIP PROJECT In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of M.Sc. Integrated Urban Development and Design
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Supervised by: Dr. Peter-Paul Pichler Irem Calisir 23 March 2022

CONTENT
1. Research Question 2. Literature Review 3. Data 4. Methodology 5. Results
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1.Research Question

How accessibility to eduction varies among different zones according to average income in Thuringia?
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2.Literature Review
Transport-Related Social Exclusion(TRSE)

NO
ME O C
-C
P/T POOT SER VIC E
AR
W
LO
IN
G N I US
HO R OO
S
HIGH COST OF FARES
P
TRANSPORT DISADVANTAGE
TRANSPORT POVERTY
SOCIAL DISADVANTAGE
NO JOB
NO SKI LLS
NO ON I T A M R O INF
IL
OF AR E E F IM R C
TO LIFE CHANGES TO SOCIAL NETWORKS TO SOCIAL CAPITAL
L-
INACCESIBILITY
SOCIAL EXCLUSION Fig 1. Diagram of Transport-related social exclusion 7
HE
TO GOODS TO SERVICES TO DECISION MAKING
AL
TH
Accessibility in Transport Research
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
MOBILITY PERSPECTIVE
ACCESIBILITY PERSPECTIVE
(LOS)
Fig 2. Diagram of Traf c, Mobility and Accessibility concepts based on Litman (2006) 9
fi

TRAFFIC PERSPECTIVE
Accessibility Components and Measures

COMPONENTS OF ACCESIBILITY
Land-Use
Transport
It is the land-use system that includes the number, quality and spatial distribution of opportunities available in each destination.
Refers to the transport system interpreted in relation to the distance between a origin and a destination for an individual using a particular mode of transport. This includes the amount of time (travel, waiting and parking), economic costs and effort (including reliability, comfort, accident risk, etc.).
i.e. jobs, shops, health, social facilities, etc.
Fig 3. Components of accessibility
Temporal
Time restrictions for making use to opportunities. Time Availabiity of activities.
Individual
Individual component includes the differentiated needs by individual characteristics, abilities and opportunities. i.e. needs, wants, abilities, opportunuties, social networks, householde interactions
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ACCESIBILITY APPROACHES
INFRASTRUCTURE
ACTIVITY
Fig 4. Approaches to accessibility concept
MEASURE/VARIABLE
Speed, travel time, travel speed, length of the road, density on the road network, overall congestion level in terms of lost vehicle hours (Bocarejo S and Oviedo H, 2012), (Halden, 2002), (Van Wee et al., 2001), (Curtis and Scheurer,
Land use & location, time-space measures, potential paths, living, working, recreating, shopping, the number of activities accessible in a given range of travel time or distance (Hansen, 1959), (Bocarejo S and Oviedo H, 2012), (Van Wee et al., 2001), (Dong et al., 2006)– (Bertolini et al., 2005))(Curtis and Scheurer, 2010)
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TRANSPORT
LAND-USE.

LAND-USE.
Distribution of activities and housing
QUANTITATIVE DATA
TRANSPORT
Socially, economically and spatially differentiated costs
Fig 5. Focused components in the research project and their data collection methods 13

APPLICATION OF ACCESIBILITY MEASURES
ACCESSIBILITY BY WALKING AND LOCAL FACILITIES
ACCESSIBILITY TO AND OF SYSTEMS
CYCLING TO
TRANSPORT
ACCESS USING TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TO OR OF OPPORTUNITIES
Fig 6. Focused components and their measures in transport research 14
LAND-USE.
TRANSPORT
3.Data
height year of construction
transportation
use
parking space highway street cycling
sidewalk bus stops
residential education
POI land-use
mixed-use sport culture commercial
population composition employment status education level income level gender composition age structure population density
image data
demography and population
building
land cover (2D)

DATA
streetview image
tourism health
Open Street Map Geo-fabrik Zensus 2011 MCC
Fig 7. Data types and Data sources
Synthetic Population Zensus 2011
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Open Street Map
4.Methodology

OPPORTUNITY MEASURES
GENERIC TYPES OF ACCESIBILITY MEASURES
VALUE MEASURES PROXY MEASURES AND INDICATORS ACCESSIBILITY RATIOS
Fig 8. Overview of generic accessibility measures
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CUMULATIVE OPPORTUNITY MEASURE (ORIGIN-DESTINATION ANALYSIS)

CUMULATIVE OPPORTUNITY MEASURE (ORIGIN-DESTINATION ANALYSIS):
where Ai is the total opportunities available to zone i, Ej is the number of opportunities in zone j, and c is a constant with a value of 1 for zones within a given cost threshold, and 0 otherwise.
Fig 9. Cumulative opportunity measure
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DESTINATION
The center of the hexagonal 1 x 1 km cells regarded as origings in OD analysis, where the population proportional distributed to the building volumes. As information regarding each individual household is not available for the study, aggregate units are used instead.
Fig 10. De ning Origin-Destination in research fi

ORIGIN
Two types of destinations ,schools and university buildings extracted from OSM.
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5.Results

Fig 11. Land use component: Distribution of bus stops in Saarland (R Graphic) 22

Fig 12. Destination: Education facilities in Thuringia (R Graphics) 23

Fig 13. Destination: Education facilities in Gotha Example (R Graphics) 24

51.1°N
51.0°N
(population) 2500 2000 1500 50.9°N
1000 500
50.8°N
50.7°N
10.4°E
10.5°E
10.6°E
10.7°E
10.8°E
10.9°E
Fig 14. Origin: Distribution of population into the building volumes (R Graphics) 25
THANK YOU!
For Further Questions: irem.calisir@hotmail.com