special thanks to
We would like to address special thanks to our master tutor Patrik Schumacher for his support, advice and his insightful comments. They were more helpful that he may think. We would also like to express our gratitude to Pierandrea Angius for his invaluable assistance, consistant support and for his continuous guidance and help to achieve our goals. Our appreciation to the director of the DRL, Theodore Spyropoulos for providing us with moral support, evaluable ideas and motivation. Many thanks to Karoly Markos, Soomeen Haahm, Sobitha Ravichandran , for their technical guidance and extra hours they put for us during this term and to Sofia Papageorgiou for her valuable friendship and her unconditional dedication. All gratutide to the amazing Delfina, Camila, Dogus, Giorgos, Mel, Tahel, Maria Alejandra, Ecehan and Jose.
aa drl design studio behavioural complexities
parametric semiology google campus project
Master Tutor
. patrik schumacher
Tutor Assistant . pierandrea angius
team . synapse
irem dokmeci
(turkey)
dimitra pavlakou
(greece)
dimitra tampaki
(greece)
angel tenorio
(peru)
team . synapse
irem dokmeci Born in Ankara, Turkey in 1990. Graduated from Middle East Technical University faculty of arch覺tecture in 2012. Studiqvvved in Politecnico di Milano between 20092010 as part of erasmus student exchange. Worked in IDA Mim on 2012.
dimitra pavlakou Born in Tripoli (greece) in 1983. studied for two years (2000 - 2002) mathematics in the national and kapodistrian university of athens. Graduated from the department of architecture, university of patras in 2008. worked in M2A architects (athens) 2007 - 20 12.
dimitra tampaki Born in Cholargos (greece) in 1988. studied in the architectural department of the University of Thessaly and graduated in 2012. From 2011 she is collaborating with the construction company ERGO ATE in Greece,
angel tenorio Born in Lima, Peru in 1986. Graduated from Ricardo Palma University in 2007. Obtained Architect degree in 2009 with honors and nominated to Thesis of the year. has worked in Longhi Architects (Lima) in 2007-2008, BCHO Architects (Seoul) in 20102011 and Zaha Hadid Architects in 2013. Has taught in Ricardo Palma University at the Juvenal Baracco Design Studio in 2010 and in University of Applied Sciences in 2012. He developed projects in Lima as a solo practitioner for private and cooperate clients for more than 4 years. Has participated in a number of competitions with collaborators around the world, and has being published in magazines of Peru and Korea.
contents chapter 01. studio brief
p. 11
chapter 02. Research 02.1 Connected society p.17 02.2 Patterns of work and office space p.23 02.3 Historical record of the office space p.29 02.4 Analysis of the parameters p.55 02.5 Google p.59 02.6 Silicon Valley p.71 chapter 03. Thesis Proposal
03.1
Defining and redefinig borders
chapter 04.
p.83
Design Proposal
URBAN
04.1 Site Analisys p.91 04.2 Connectivity studies p.101 04.3 Voids research p.131
BUILDING
04.4 Voids p.151 04.5 shell p.165 form finding p.167 structure p.197 substructure p.211 skin p.225 clustering & master plan p.243
INTERIOR
04.6 Fluid Research p.279 04.7 Diffusion Limited Aggregation p.311 04.8 Urban Configuration p.321 04.9 Cluster Configuration p.325 01 02 03 04 05
branch p.361 module p.365 hybrid p.371 meeting spaces p.375 interior configuration p.383
Appendix p.391
Bibliography p.435
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 01 . B R I E F .
9
01. studio brief
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 01 . B R I E F .
parametric semiology
01.
High Performance Architecture for Apple, Google and Facebook All problems of society are problems of communication. Especially within post-Fordist network society, total social productivity increases with the density of communication. High performance organisations are thus marked out by a high density/intensity of communication. The life process of society is a communicationprocess that is structured by a rich, diversified panoply of institutions and communicative situations. It is the built environment that stabilizes this matrix of institutions and makes it navigable. The built environment is society’s physical memory; it functions as a system of signification that we all intuitively navigate to find relevant communication partners or situations. The societal function of urban and architectural design is the innovative ordering and framing of communicative interaction. The architectural frames - the designed settings/spaces - are themselves communications: they are communications that define, premise and prime the communicative interactions that are expected to take place within the respectively framed territory. Each territory/frame is embedded within a system of frames that can be understood and designed as a system of signification. Every talented/successful designer adapts to and intervenes intuitively within the spontaneous and historically evolving semiological system of the built environment. The aim of the project brief is it to movefrom an intuitive participation within an evolving semiosis to an explicit design agenda that understands the design of a large scale architectural complex - like a corporate
IMAGE 01. Ontological frame
This image showing the ontological shift from the ideal _ geometric figures to new primitives(nurbs, particles, scripts.
campus - as an opportunity to design a new, coherent spatio-morphological system of signification. High performance, creative organisation likeApple, Google or Facebook are the perfect clients for a design approach that aspires to become a global best practice for 21st century architecture. Organisation like Apple, Google or Facebook entail a sufficiently large and complex matrix of social institutions and specific communicative situations, so as to warrant and enable the design of a rich architectural language. The designed Apple
11
aa drl . synapse thesis project
campus, Google campus or Facebook campus should be an information-rich, densely articulated environment that orders and encodes the manifold social interactions to be expected and thus facilitates orientation and communication. The designed semiological system should be conceived as a parametric system, i.e. the various distinctions and their correlations are subject to parametric variation. The programme domain, the domain of the signified, is best understood in terms of interaction patterns or communicative activities. These patterns of communicative interaction can be modelled via programmed agents that respond to the coded environmental clues. This implies that the meaning of architecture can enter the digital model (design medium) and thus becomes the object of cumulative design elaboration. The system of signification works if the agents consistently respond to the relevant positional and morphological clues so that behaviours to be expected can be read off the articulated environmental configuration. As agents cross significant thresholds their behavioural rules are modulated. Territorial distinctions thus order and coordinate interaction patterns. The meaning of architecture, the prospective life processes it frames and sustains, can be modelled and assessed within the design process, thus becoming a direct object of creative speculation. A new, purpose built environment for a sufficiently complex social institution - for instance a corporate workenvironment with various departments, project teams, professional disciplines, and activity types - , warrants and enables the design of an artificial architectural language or system of signification. The designed work environment would be an information rich, dense built environment that orders and codes/reveals the manifold social interactions to be expected within its spaces. Relevant distinctions in the programme domain (the domain of the signified) are to be correlated with distinctions in the spatial/formal domain (the domain of the signifier). The types of information that are to be encoded are the function type (interaction types, what is going onhere?), the social type (the various status groups of the institution, who is to expected here?), and the location type (facilitating navigation: How can I find the event I am looking for?). On the side of the signifier (the territory) we can distinguish the following dimensions/registers of encoding:  the positional dimension (distinction of relative positions)  the spatial shape dimension (distinction of spatial shapes)
c h a p t e r 01 . B R I E F .
 the dimension of surface treatment (materiality, relief/texture, colour, perforation etc.)  the constellation of elements/parts/objects within the territory (architectural elements, furniture) These three dimensions are functionally equivalent and can substitute each other. (Shape and surface articulation might be drawn together under the heading of morphology.) Please utilize and explicitly address all these dimensions when you build up your semiological code: all three dimensions of the signified and all four dimensions of the signifier.
IMAGE 02. Network theory
As presented in Parametric Semiology lecture, by Patrik Schumacher
13
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
15
02. research
aa drl . synapse thesis project
IMAGE 03. World map of a connected society
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
02.1
connected society context of a knowledge-base culture
In the history of humanity, work has played an important role in the way a social structure its define for every specific era. It has been argued that work constitutes our basic identity as humans. It is relevant for us to analyze each epoch, because this is straighly related with a specific type of economic activity and this had an influence in the way human organized their activities such as education, prodcution, etc, and this impacts at the same time to the built environment.
Structure
Work Influences Society
Built Environment
Organization
We belong to the Information Age. In our time, most of our work is based in the production of knowledge and how to transfer it and communicate it efficiently. Our environment is effected by the way different agents communicate with each other. Our current one, is the environment of infinite connections by which a majority of agents interact and interrelate on an endless network, fueled by the creation of internet and a global capitalist economy. In words of Manuel Castells ‘Networks are open sources, able to expand without limits, integrating new nodes as long as they are able to communicate within the network’ 1. This correlation favors the interchange of knowledge, engaging creative processes in collaborative and decentralized environments. This has an extraordinary impact in the way we produce. We are moving from a generation which was physical production oriented into one principally focused on HighPerformance, where the workplace provides the optimal conditions for communication and collaboration.
17
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Work and life Cycles
The dynamism of the work patterns presented today is strictly related with the evolution of different conventions. The changes that we are currently expirencing in the nature of work are at least as drastic, far-reaching and irreversible as the impact, two hundreds years ago, of the the Industrial Revolution had on the Industrial Society and the Industrial landscape. To understand this dramatic change, we need to look back in the late eighteen century and nineteen century, when work was driven by agricultural activities, and the speed of their production and the pace of their activities were determined by the annual calendar, celebrating the production of food, a process shaped by centuries by the slowly changing rhythms of seasons. When the Industrial Revolution emerged, the shift dramatically changed the daily activities of labourers. They were forced to abandon the rhythms of the fields to be inserted into the rhythms of a factory, which brought many changes in the way society was organized. Since factories demanded its labourers to be physically present at the same time in the same place, it created the need for transportation and massive dwelling, which with the time evolved into extensively used urban paradigm such as suburbs, the commuter train and the car park. The life and sustainability of millions of families were controlled by the clock and the bell, creating for the first time in history a differentiated pattern between what is life and work. This continued to evolve through two hundreds years, and had been the generator of several typologies of spaces for work. Nowadays, the technological revolution is breaking really fast many of these conventions, in terms of organization and daily dynamics, and the corporate realm is embracing enthusiastically many organizational shifts, on behalf of more productive companies. Boundaries of what is work , and what is not, are changing fast. However, the types of office spaces that are housing these new dynamics have not shown a substantial change, and are still closely related to conventions created by our predecessors from the industrial era, where co-location and synchrony were very important.
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
In spite of this, the ways in which information technology is enabling us reinvent the dimension of time by dissolving temporal 19 conventions that have been taken for granted for centuries; creates a powerful, robust, reliable and ubiquitous realm that will ensure us to complete rethink and restructure our societies and the spaces for work.
Pre-Industrial
Fields Rhythm
Nature
Year Cycle
No Separate Office Space
Industrial Factory Rhythm Machine 9-5 Daily Cycle Taylorist Office Social Democratic Office Open Plan Office Com-bi Office Post- Industrial
Internet Rhythm
IMAGE 04. Agricultural activities in the early 17th Century IMAGE 05. Factory of ship pieces in the late 18th Century IMAGE 06. Scene from film “Playtime�, by Jaques Tati, 1968 IMAGE 07. Map of the internet, unkown author
Information
24/7 difusse Cycle
Networked Office
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Organizational paradigm: from centuries of stability to ever increasing instability and fragmentation
Industrialism and capitalism were in the search of efficiency for massive production. The economical activity organized the way life was structured in all aspects. The necessity of a clear and organized structure, where everybody knew their position and function in society become the motto of development, and therefore the place they were living. This stage was in permanent growth for more than 200 years. Richard Sennett traced the history of organizational culture from the present moment back to the German Unification of the 1870s, where both civil society and private enterprise were increasingly modeled after the strictly ordered Prussian military. Within civic institutions the role of permanent civil servants increased, schools became increasingly standardized, professions were regulated, and schedules (including transportation and production) were systematized. At the end of the 20th Century there are 2 key factor that started to desestabilize this organization. 1. Global markets began to prefer short-term investments, as they saw innovation developments as a short term growth. 2. Technology applied in ways people communicate, made possible a larger reduction of human jobs, while at the same time made possible the rise of new organizational hierarchies. This combined with a short term view, created a new array of workers and dynamics: Outsourcing, temporary contract work, and projectoriented sequencing of work, etc. This was a response of the constant fluctuation of necessities companies had and changed the way lives of millions around the globe were organized. The fluid nature of these new operational agilities, made the focus of work move from the past large corporate organisations, to become into a larger network of fluid interactions. This new stream called Post-fordism, has become a radical shift from industrialism, when it moved from mass production to become a series of interrelated networks of micro-subsystems, flexible, where less standardization and more specialization heve been the key factors.
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
Google and organ覺zat覺on
Google as a knowledge based company,is born out of the organization and facilitation of information through its search engine. Acting 21 as a connector in the complex virtual data network, it represents a strong identity in the rapid-changing network society where the flow of data is the source of flux. The company, possessing the major characteristics of an American corporate identity, has an hierarchical structure on the management level where CEO and founders lead a series of managers; however this hierarchy becomes blurred practically by the high integration of the social and information networks that operate within the company. The success of Google has been coming from its surprising adaptations to the ultra-dynamized networks in all senses, that it has born out of. Life and Work
IMAGE 08. Diagram of work + life
Fragmented
Continuous
Opposing the 9 to 5 working hours which split the day activities and the work activities, the contemporary phenomena of 24-hour transitive work and life, meaning time for working is diffused into everyday life activites; brought the fast flow of information and high speed of change into life through the information technology and mobile technologies.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
02.2
patterns of work and office space Jaques Tati’s movies, in the decade of the sixties, are characterized for the strong cristism to new technologies. In the movie “Playtime” there is an interesting scene in a vast space of endless repetition of cubicules for workers. The main character, “Monsieur Hulot”, trying to hold a meeting with a potential boss, gets lost in what it seems to be more a labyrinth of discommunication. The scene is a bold critique of the way many designers were focusing their strategies in isolated models of desintegrated work at the time, when the personal computer allowed people to change the way they were interacting. It was called progress at the time.
IMAGE 09. Film “Playtime’ by Jaques Tati, 1967
So the way the white collar worker accomplishes work has changed drastically between today and the industrial revolution where the factory was introduced. This change is marked significantly by the organizational systems and technology while the two world wars have influenced the shift of perception about human in the society . Following the timeline starting with the Scientific Management to networked organizations today, the organizational structures have been constructing and organizing the workspaces, as space is a continuation of the organizational schemes. Additionally, tracking the medium of work starting with the paper and typewriters until the current point where the augmented workspace has been replacing its physical equivalent; the spatial requirements for “working” also have shifted majorly. Therefore, the two variables, organizational systems and advancement of technology can be followed as the drivers through the evolution of workspace.
23
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Starting from late 19th century, Taylorism, or ‘Scientific Management’ system handled the employee as a unit of production, in which the hierarchy and control has been the keywords of the period. This understanding, starting from factories, have shifted into offices where the space was extremely depersonalized. The post war period has brought the humanistic approach especially in Europe focusing more on the personalized space, better work conditions and the importance of communication. Office Landscape , organizing the office space according to the workflow and interaction patterns has been an important trend in workspaces in 1960’s where paper was still the dominant work-medium creating invisible boundaries. The introduction of the individual-cellular office spaces and the open collaborative spaces has been followed by the combination of both with combi-office concept in northern europe in 1970’s, where the autonomy and personalization started replacing the control-hierarchy. The introduction of the computers and gradually the mobile work-mediums, specifically changed the workflow and method of interaction, while eventually liberating the worker from the desk. Concept of hotdesking and eventually the activity based working introduced the mobile working within the offices, where the diverse work activities were now conceived to have varying spatial necessities. As the technology brings the high-speed transfer of information, now the diversity of tasks accomplished by an individual are smoothly layered within a day blended with daily activities. Therefore the major function of the office space; which was to provide specific environment for worktask, has been changing through time as a result of change in work definitions.
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
25
As Frank Duffy has stated in his book Work and the City: “The value of place- genius loci- continues to be enormous but we architects must realise that the monopoly of the place on how we construct reality is being strongly challenged by the burgeouning power and conveniece of virtuality.�
aa drl . synapse thesis project
offıce landscape
. Born of whıte collar . Command & Control . De-personalızatıon . Clock based work . Rıgıdıty
. Post-war perıod US : . Open-plan . Interıor separateD from skın Europe: . Cellular offıces
. Importance of communıcatıon . Team work . Dıfferent work defınıtıons . Interactıon-based confıguratıon . Flexıbılıty
1950
1960
1900
1939-45 WORLD-WAr II
skyscraper offıce
1914-18 WORLD-WAr ı
TAYLORIST OFFICE
1943
1873
Paper
Organızatıon Hıerarchy - Control Lıfe - Work 9.00 - 17.00
1963
Fragmented
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
combı offıce
cubıcles
actıvıty based work
27
. Personalızatıon . Autonomy . Better work condıtıons . Combı-offıces: ındıvıdual & team . User’s decısıons
1970
. Computerızatıon . End of paperwork . Cubıcle farms . Maxımum space use . Undıfferentıatıon
. Informatıon technologıes . Spontaneous ınteractıons . Hot deskıng . High-mobılıty . Hıgh-autonomy
1980 1973
1974
1981
1990
1983
1993
2010 2002
www
personal computer
laptop + mobıle
ınternet
smartphone
augmented
Network-Autonomy 24/7 actıve smooth
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
02.3
historical record of the office space The spaces we work have been in a constant evolution to suit the type of work each generation is doing. It is a response to each epoch, and we; as the young generation of the fluid and networked post-fordist society, have to adapt to spaces that carry the principles inherited from the industrial era, most of the time. If these core elements are wanted to be tackled boldly,they must be identified, compared and the reason that holds back the creation of the type of work spaces our society needs, should be searched. We took eleven seminal case studies to understand these elements and processes. In the last century, even though the evolution has been brought with interesting proposals and different key elements of thinking, these still stay as transitions of the industrial era, and do not fulfill the demands of constant and rapid adaptability, diffusion of life and work patterns and a bold way to handle unstable organisational processes.
The parameters analysed in the case studies try to reveal the three core aspects that our current mediums lack, putting emphasis in the relationships between them. These aspects reflect the major trends in organisational paradigms of each decade of the last century, which are; how they face adaptability, flexibility, the enhancing IMAGE 10. Bank Of England, Sir of communication between employees and how differentiated the John Soane, 1820 spaces for work and leisure are. This last parameter is very much related to the attitude building performs towards the city, how both interact and the way building promotes healthy social interactions.
29
aa drl . synapse thesis project
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
01 The Larkin Building Pure Taylorism
1910
02 Centraal Berheer Offices Flexibility for the Social Democrat Office
1970
03 Bertelsmann Headquarters 1961 An Open Plan distribution based on interactions 04 SAS Headquarters Main street for informal intearctions
1988
05 Cannon Headquarters Com-Bi Office: Open Plan + Cellular offices
1977
06 Project 117: Bubble 1981 Mobile deployable Home Office for temporary work 07 Lloyd’s Bank Maximun flexibility for high-performance
1986
08 Novartis 2001 An integrated corporate campus with the city 09 BMW Plant, Central Building A “marketplace” diagram for multiple interactions 10 Soft Office 2001 A soft system for an integrated and fluid work space 11 (UN) Plug Building 2001 Inflatable group meetings for efficient use of space
31
aa drl . synapse thesis project
01
The Larkin building
Name: The Larkin Administrative Building Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Area (sqm):
IMAGE 11. Central Space of Larkin Building
Location: Buffalo, New York Year: 1904
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
In the city Accesible but not permeable Horizontal Dispersed Suburban Fabric
Main entrance
Structure 33 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Brick Brick Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management:
Scientific Managment
(Main organizational model of the company)
Typical Floor Plan
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical Individual Work
3
Connected
Group Work
0
-
Informal Encounters
0
-
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: High possibilities of connection, but model of work and collaboration does not allow it.
82%
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
5%
Informal Interactions:
0%
(Meeting rooms) (Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
Visually
aa drl . synapse thesis project
02
CentraAl Beheer Offices
Architect: Herman Hertzberger Area (sqm): 30,536
IMAGE 12. Aerial View
Location: Apeldoorn, Netherlands Year: 1970
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
In the city Accesible and permeable Medium high rise Consolidated Urban Fabric
Interior space
Structure 35 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Concrete Brick Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management: (Main organizational model)
human focused function organisation
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
80%
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical Individual Work
20
Group Work
13
Connected
Informal Encounters
10
Connected
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: High possibilities of connection and spontaneous encounters through the whole building.
Typical Floor Plan
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
35%
(Meeting rooms)
Informal Interactions:
40%
(Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
Visually Connected
aa drl . synapse thesis project
03 BertelsmaNn Headquarters Architect: Quickborner Architects Area (sqm): 2250 m2
IMAGE 13. Entrance view
Location: Gutersloh, Germany Year: 1961
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
In the city Accesible but not permeable Horizontal Dispersed urban Fabric
Interior space
Structure 37 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Concrete Columns Drywall Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management: (Main organizational model)
Communication based organisation
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
90%
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical
Group Work
Informal Encounters
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: High possibilities of connection based on diagramas of the interactions of employees.
Typical Floor Plan
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
20%
(Meeting rooms)
Informal Interactions:
10%
(Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
Individual Work
1
Visually Connected
5
Connected
1
Connected
aa drl . synapse thesis project
04 SAS Headquarters Architect: Niels Torp Architects Area (sqm): 55,000
IMAGE 14. Internal Street view
Location: Stockholm, Sweden Year:1987
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
Outside the urban fabric Not easy access, nor permeable Horizontal Medium cohesive fabric
Interior space
Structure 39 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Concrete and steel roof Brick and drywall Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management: windividual
Hierarchy focused on
Flexibility - Adabtability:
40%
Typical Floor Plan
2 3 4
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
30%
(Meeting rooms)
Informal Interactions:
30%
(Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical Individual Work
43
Unconnected
Group Work
10
Connected
Informal Encounters
5
Connected
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: High possibilities of connections running alonside the main street. Conectivity `between wings’ is low.
Visually
aa drl . synapse thesis project
05
Cannon Headquarters
Architect: Tengbom Architects Area (sqm): 7,500
IMAGE 15. Entrance view
Location: Stockholm, Sweden Year: 1977
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
In the city Accesible and permeable Horizontal Dispersed Suburban Fabric
Interior space
Structure 41 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Steel Frame Drywall with Laminated wood Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management: (Main organizational model)
Hierarchy focused on individual
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
75%
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical
Visually
Individual Work
Unconnected
Group Work
3
Informal Encounters
3
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: High possibilities of connection and interaction
Typical Floor Plan (
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
35%
(Meeting rooms)
Informal Interactions:
40%
(Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
10
Connected/Unconnected Connected
aa drl . synapse thesis project
06
Project 117: Bubble
Architect: Future Systems Architects Area (sqm): 60
IMAGE 16. Render of the mobile working bubble
Location: Anywhere Year:1981
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Potential mobile location
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
Anywhere Depending on user Any possible context
Construction diagram
Structure 43 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Steel Frame Metal panels Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management: (Main organizational model)
Individual focus work
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
80%
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical
Group Work
Informal Encounters
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: Unifiy space for individual work. Unable to connect with other clusters.
Floor Plan
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
0%
(Meeting rooms)
Informal Interactions:
0%
(Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territory
Patterns of Mobility
Individual Work
1 -
Visually Connected
-
-
aa drl . synapse thesis project
07
Lloyd’s Bank
Architect: Richard Rogers Partnership Area (sqm): 55,000
IMAGE 17. Street View
Location: London, United Kingdom Year:1986
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
In the city Accesible/Med. Permeability Vertical, High Rise Cohesive Urban Fabric
Interior space
Structure 45 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Steel and concrete Drywall and Glass walls Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management:
Matrix Organization
(Main organizational model)
Typical Floor Plan
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical Individual Work
1
Connected
Group Work
0
-
Informal Encounters
0
-
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: High possibilities of connection and interaction.
82%
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
5%
Informal Interactions:
0%
(Meeting rooms) (Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
Visually
aa drl . synapse thesis project
08
Novartis
Master Plan: Vittorio Magnano Lampugnani Sample’s Architect: Frank Ghery Architects Area (sqm): 350,000
IMAGE 18. Aerial View
Location: Basel, Swisszerland Year: 2001
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
In the city Accesible and permeable Horizontal Dispersed Suburban Fabric
Interior space
Structure 47 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Steel Frame Drywall with Laminated wood Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management: (Main organizational model)
Different Managements Depending on Department
Sample Building Floor plan
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
85%
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
0%
(Meeting rooms)
Informal Interactions:
10%
(Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical
Visually
Individual Work
Connected
Group Work
0
Informal Encounters
3
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: Open office for mobile work and easy access of employees of the campus
6
- Connected
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BMW Plant, central building
Architect: Zaha Hadid Area (sqm): 27,000 Users: 705
IMAGE 19. Aerial View
Location: Leipzig, Germany Year: 2005
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
Outskirts of the city Not permeable Horizontal Dispersed Suburban Fabric
Interior space
Structure 49 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Concrete and steel Drywall and Concrete Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management:
Matrix Organisation
(Main organizational model)
First Floor plan
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: Visual connectivity and fluidity of Space. Difficult to fully analize in floor plan due to complexity of the diagram.
65%
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
50%
(Meeting rooms)
Informal Interactions:
12%
(Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
Individual Work
Visually
4
Connected
Group Work
8
Unconnected
Informal Encounters
1
Connected
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Soft - Office
Architect: NOX Area (sqm): 625 No.of users: 60 employees & 30 children
IMAGE 20. Aerial View
Location: Stratford, United Kingdom Year:2001
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
In the city Accesible and permeable Horizontal Dispersed Suburban Fabric
Interior space
Structure 51 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Steel Frame Drywall with Laminated wood Glass Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management:
Unknown
(Main organizational model of the company)
Typical Floor Plan
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical
Group Work
Informal Encounters
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interac. Informal Interac. Connectivity: High possibilities of connection and fluidity of relationships/ Enclosed meeting rooms are located on an upper level.
75%
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
35%
(Meeting rooms)
Informal Interactions:
40%
(Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
Individual Work
Visually
9
Unconnected
13
Connected
7
Connected
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(un) Plug Building
Architect: R + Sie Area (sqm): 10,000 m2.
IMAGE 21. Road view
Location: La Reserve, PAris, France Year:2001
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Urban Context
Urban 1 2 3 4
Connectivity: Permeability: Density: Urban Context:
In the city Accesible but not permeable Vertical Suburban medium rise
Interior space
Structure 53 1 2 3
Structure: Internal Walls: Enclosure:
Steel columns and concrete Drywall and inflatable Glass and solar sticks Internal
Organizational diagram
1
Organization - Management:
Unknown
(Main organizational model of the company)
Typical Floor Plan
2 3 4
Flexibility - Adabtability:
5
Territories / Boundaries: Physical Individual Work
4
Group Work
3
Connected
Informal Encounters
1
Disconnected
6 7
Mobility Patterns Work interc. Informal Interac. Connectivity: High degree of connections, facilitating a central meeting room accesible from most parts of the area.
70%
(Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure)
Areas for Group Work:
20%
Informal Interactions:
10%
(Meeting rooms) (Coffee areas, Kitchenette, Locker Rooms)
Territories
Patterns of Mobility
Visually Connected
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c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
02.4
analysis of parameters The case studies analysed show the different major variations in almost a 100 years of architectural thinking towards the work space. The comparison between them is showing the way many spaces were distributed and the impact this had on employees and users. The organisational models of companies evolved through time, going from rigid and stable, to complex and unstable with the rise of the network society. These do not allow the standarized and conventional spaces for work to host fluid relationships. The duality between spaces for individual and concentrated work are highly needed to be differentiated from group and collaborative work for a proper production of knowledge (Cannon Headquarters). Same for the spaces of informal and formal gatherings that constitute the essence of the relationships in the network society (SAS Headquarters), where not only spaces for interaction are required, but also spaces to club (Bertelsmann Headquarters). The comparison of the earliest cases with the latests approaches shows the intention of a more fluid and less fixed structure (SoftOffice) and privileging of social interactions and communication (BMW , Central Building) between different types of users, traditionally separated between each other. Corporations of the industrial era created a divisory diagram between their offices and the city they were located (Larkin Building) not allowing the connection between their employees and the city; a situation which later evolved to a more connected diagram(Novartis Campus).
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analysis of parameters
Urban attitude - Cities and corporate buildings have not being connected traditionally. To try to keep restricted access to special information and to keep a clear division between work time from life, created a separation between employees and their context. This of course blocked the flow of information. Corporate campuses and buildings have been benefiting the advantages of having connections that make a smooth input of visitors who create healthy sinergies. NOVARTIS has been pioneering this principle, creating an open campus that allows the flow of information with a set of designed buildings, most of them freeaccess for all employees, where the concept of departments does not exist.
Physical Configuration - High ratios of flexibility to host different configurations over the time is one of the major goals in office buildings. However, this is not fully explored in relationship with the lifetime of a building and the flexibility and adaptability of structures. Considering the choice of materials to create renewable envelopes on top of more stable but readaptable structures are primordial to ensure the permanence of office buildings. Furniture plays the important role of allowing local - temporal reconfigurations, and the way these are connected and related to buildings its still a matter not fully explored, at least not in the professional realm. Furniture is still not seen as part of the whole built system. However it should be strongly attached to the different layers that constitutes a bulding.
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
Internal Organization
- The number of “boundaries” and territories presented in the case studies varies according to the typology. There is an interesting balance between what should be a reserved area for concentrated work and an undefined system that allows interaction. One successful and interesting but at the same time largely used system “com-bi” office organisation which the Cannon Headquarters use. The number of divisions that separate meeting/work, informal/ formal spaces depend on company organisations, but it is the duty of the designer how to reinterpretate the company characteristics in architecture.
- Mobility is not only important for formal interactions, but also for informal ones. Formal interactions are based mainly on the interrelations during working hours and the way employees move define their organizational diagrams. In the case of having multiple alternatives for informal interactions, these create the conditions for the transfer of information, and at the same time, the possibility of evolving the community of employees as a society. The ideal milieu will be the one that interrelates both patterns in a scheme of multiple levels of interactions, between informal and formal activities. It is a crucial aspect in the consolidation of social structures as is proven to promote creativity and productivity. The efficient way employees move through a campus, without wasting time or losing the oportunity to grasp what is going on, also ensures the ability to maximize the time spent in an office resulting in economical benefits.
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02.5
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evolution patterns of a technologybased company
By 2013, Google is the fastest growing company in the world. Since its foundation in 1999, Google’s work is based on data, knowledge and the organisation and accesibility of these in the World Wide Web, becoming a great case study for the 21st century company. The vast range of products developed based on knowledge-work, plus the acqusitions got through time, have created extraordinary patterns of growth and shrink which vary impressively yearly, monthly and daily. We have started first with analizyng these variations and the effect they have on quantitative data. Annual Timeline Variation Patterns
Monthly Timeline Daily Use of Space
The second part focuses on the organizational principles the company has created, which has an unstable nature in a percentage of its daily activities in order to promote the free interchange of knowledge and pursue the development of innovation. Work Cluster to Department Organisation
Departmental Organization
The last part includes the analysis of the use of Google’s current HQ in Silicon Valley, the GooglePlex, and emphasizes the importance of living spaces and work spaces, questioning its flexibility, adaptability and connectivity to its surroundings. Space Organization The Google Plex Division of Functions
aa drl . synapse thesis project
GOOGLE CROWTH Annual TIMELINE 166 product Launches
50% of Products of Google have been created in the 20% free time of its employees.
Custom S
113 Acquısıtıons
Ca
Google has spent a recorded total of 22 Billion $ on Acquisitions
Blog Search Mobile
Sk Talk
Bookmarks
V Ma
iGoogle
Orkut
27
Finances Scholar
Google Search
3
1
News
Images
Toolbar
Books
Shopping
Groups
AOL
Chrome
10 5 6
5
Blogger
Picasa
3
4 2
0
Earth
Talk
Gmail
7
35% of Google products were discontinued.
number of employees ın years 8
2
1998
1999
260
500
2000
2001
800
2002
1600
2003
1907
2004
We outgrow our garage office and move to new digs at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto with just
232 165 employSanta Margaritaeight University Avenue Menlo Park
ees.
165 Bayshore Road
Amphitheater Parkway
Andr
1
dıscontınued products -59
Pa
3021
2005
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP . Offers Wallet Drive Google+ Fusion Tables
15
Alerts
ketchup
atents
Translate Finances Code
61
17
Play
alendar
12
15
28
Motorola
23 Double Postini Click
13
2
Slide.com
6
Advertising Chrome&Apps Geo&Commerce Google.Org Knowledge Mobile&Digital Content Youtube&Video
ITA
AdMob
roid
10
1
6
2
25
16
Video aps Mobile
Panoramio YouTube
2
11
Sites
Search
9
6
8
1 19 11
7
5680
10,674
16,805
20,222
19,835
24,500
31,000
54,604
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Mountain View Extensions- 2005
Mountain View Extensions- 2007
Mountain View Extensions- 2008
Mountain Mountain View View Extensions- 2011 Current Campus
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Monthly cycle Variation Pattern
Google mainly grows through creating new products in the seven categories: Advertising, Chrome&Apps, Geo&Commerce, Google.Org, Knowledge, Mobile & Digital Content and Youtube&Content also by acquiring successful companies -especially startups- and merging their technologies with its. While considering the overall growth in Google, the discontinuation in products should not be overseen as it is a major parameter to evaluate the company dynamics. Regarding that in total there have been 166 product launches, 113 acquisitions and the 35% of the products has been discontinued which makes 59 in total. The yearly timeline showing changes in Google through the last 15 years, in many aspects helps drawing an overall picture of the company, which would give an insight about the trends of change in future. The differences in the monthly variations of two different years (Images 20,21) indicate company’s frequent subjectivity to changes. The maximum change in products has been 9/month while there has not been any month with no changes in these two years. It is important to understand how the company reacts organisationally, physically and spatially within these dynamics not to be outdated and keep rejuvenated. The changes in products visualised in the graphs could be tracked spatially through departments and product groups, which should be in a dynamic balance in terms of adapting workspaces .
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
63 Changes 覺n Google: 2011
Products Acquisitions Discontinued Products
6 5 4 3
July
2
1 0
1 0
2
1 December
2 1
June
May
April
1
October
Mapping and the patttern of change of the products and aquisitions
0
1 March
the
January
IMAGE 22. Evolution in economical activity for 2011
February
1
3
November
2
September
3
August
3
Changes 覺n Google: 2007 Products Discontinued Products Acquisitions 4 3 2
1
1
September
October
1 December
1
November
1
August
June
1 May
March
1
July
Mapping and the patttern of change of the products and aquisitions
February
the
January
1
3 2
April
2
IMAGE 23. Evolution in economical activity for 2007
3
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Daily cycle Variation Pattern
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Stable Workspace Flexible Workspace Training Spaces 20% 10%
8.00 8.30 9.00 9.30 10.00
10.30
11.00
11.30
12.00
12.30
13.00
13.30
14.00
14.30
15.00
15.30
16.00
16.30
17.00
17.30
18.00
18.30
19.00
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21.00
8.00 8.30 9.00 9.30 10.00
10.30
11.00
11.30
12.00
12.30
13.00
13.30
14.00
14.30
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17.30
18.00
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19.30
20.00
20.30
21.00
0
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20%
Entrance & Lobby Restaurants& Cafes 10% Microkitchen Gym 0 Game Room
The weekly and the daily changes in the company could not be tracked through products but the changing work definitions and the transitions of activities within days or hours. According to the survey (Appendix D) it was found out that the daily activities and the use of space are closely related to each other and vary according to personal and occupational variety. The possible use of given spaces in Google office during different time periods is plotted for the Advertising department employees. The flexibility in the time of use is significant. As an information based company, the 24 hours continuum in work-life balance is tried to be adopted by Google. The office is open 24 hours a day however occupied mainly in “9 to 5 work hours�.
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
pattern of work and productıvıty
Percentage of time that the Google employees can spend on:
Working on projects and ideas that interest the Unrelated employees Activities
Working on current core projects
50
50
% of projects originated by the activity
Googlett B Googlett A Googlett F
IMAGE 24. 70%-20% Googletts
Rule
and
Employees work on tasks for their 70% time and Googletts on 20% time.
Googlett G
Googlett C Googlett D Googlett E Googlett H
Googlett I Googlett J
The consideration of the productive use of time within the day, Google has been applying the 70% - 20% time rule; which states that an employee can spend 20% of his/her time on a Google related project that he is interested, while 70% of time is spent on the given task. The random interaction between the employees have been playing an important part in the formation of the Googletts, which are the self organizing teams for such products. 50% of Google’s products have emerged from the 20% products. The 10% of the remaining time is thought to be spent on unrelated activities.
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Work Organisation
Language Team
Product Team
Department
Work Cluster Product Team
IMAGE 25. Internal Organization of a Department From Language Team, to Product Team, to Department
IMAGE 26. Departmental Organization Departments and Sub- Departments according to Functional division.
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
structure of relations
IMAGE 27. Departmental Organization-Hierarchy
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First level of relations between functions
IMAGE 28. Departmental Organization--Relations Second level of relations between functions
As have been mentioned before, Google has a collective organization of products grouping under larger departments. Product teams are made up of an average of 33 people, who are then sub grouped in language teams and further into groups of three. Workspace organization follows this principle as the smallest group of three share a workstation/table cluster. These clusters end up coming together and constructing floors or spaces reserved for products, then building up the spaces, in some cases blocks of departments. Parallel to the departmental organization, there is a functional organization and Google is made up of 4 Functional departments, which are Administrative, Operations, Sales&Marketing and Research and Development.These departments are also substructured into smaller functional departments (see.IMAGE 26) and are nested in a system of hierarchies and relations which has been shown in the diagrams above(IMAGES 27,28).
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Arch覺tecture Google campus mountain view
Flexibility - Adabtability: 82% (Percentage of the total area able to reconfigure) Territories / Boundaries: Physical Visually Individual Work 0 Transparency Group Work 3 Connected Informal Encounters 3 Connected Mobility Patterns Work interactions 3 Informal Interactions 3 Connectivity: High possibilities of connection, informal and formal encounters encouraged through informal connection spaces. First Floor Google Plex
Second Floor Google Plex
IMAGE 29. Distribution of spaces in the GooglePlex From Formal working spaces to the informal spaces.
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
Arch覺tecture Functional space divisions
Group Work Work
33%
69
49% Individual Work 16% Informal Meetings 17%
Meeting 27% Formal Meetings 10% Connectivity
14%
Service
10%
Others 24%
IMAGE 30. Office Space Googleplex, Mountain View Individual and collective work spaces
in
Common Areas 9.3% Mini Lounges 3.2% Restaurants 4.5%
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
02.6
silicon valley
Silicon Valley, where Google Headquarters are located, is the most influential hub for technological developments and innovations in the world. The core was born out of the substantial economic investment that the US goverment applied on Stanford University, under a program for military development through scientific research on American universities during the Cold War. The type of the research held at the University was continued by its graduates after they finished their courses, whom set up their start-up companies around the University, to take advantages of the facilities and new research produced in there. This synergy between external collaborators and current students, and the interchange of knowledge proved very successful. After almost 30 years the area has grown enormously. This cooperative working ethos that allows a fluent flow of information, combined with the ambitious goals of new entrepeneurs of the post-hippie era, created one of the most economically succesful hubs in the world. The global map of innovation indicates that Silicon Valley is the largest source of innovatios by startups, becoming the perfect milieu for interchanging knowledge. Google, which has also flourished in Silicon Valley, promotes the networking of developers and startups in such hubs, organizing many events within its Campus and initializing work-hubs such as Campus London to spread innovation.
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aa drl . synapse thesis project
california san francisco
los angeles
united states map
state of california
san francisco bay silicon valley
san francisco bay, silicon valley
IMAGE 31. Maps
Sequence of maps of different scales showing the location of Silicon Valley as part of San Francisco Bay in California (U.S.A).
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
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mountain view
IMAGE 32. Mountain View
Map describing the borders of Mountain View in Silicon Valley.
silicon valley, mountain view
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
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googleplex
IMAGE 33. Googleplex
Map showing the location of 61 buildings constructing Googleplex around the area of Mountain View.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
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IMAGE 34. Urban Fabric
A close-up showing the isolated buildings in the urban fabric and the statistics comparing car parks vs built environment.
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
Despite being one of the most creative environments in the world especially focused on high-tech industries, the urban composition of 79 the Silicon Valley is quite discontinuous, portrays the characteristics of a common American city. The cities in the Bay Area are generally low rise and low density and based on vehicular mobility. Being based on vehicular mobility can be observed through the amount of car parks organized around the buildings, detaching building blocks from each other. Highway 101 which crosses the Valley from one end to the other adds another importance to vehicular infrastructure as it divides the cities of Silicon Valley into halves making it impossible for the pedestrian to access the other side of the city. The analysis of Google’s settlement in Mountain View and the surroundings makes all these mentioned points clearer. Google owns around 60 buildings in Mountain View, and keeps acquiring new ones, that are separated from one another. through carparks and large streets, minimising the contact between employees from different departments or sections. Google is aware of the fact that physical connectivity is one of the key elements of creativity and productivity, and tries to prove this motive through various means; architecturally fails to reach a level of creating a well connected community. Although the campus is not totally isolated from the rest of the urban fabric, the nature of the existing fabric creates well defined borders between the Google buildings and Mountain View.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
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03. thesis proposal
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 02 . THE S I S PREP .
03.1
Defınıng and Redefınıng Borders Readressıng the relatıonshıp between lıfe and work
In the information age where we have been talking about the rapid transitions and the flow of information; connectivity as a concept becomes crucial to understand and evaluate. Triggered by the virtual connectivity which drives this speed of flow, the physical interpretation of connectivity, can be evaluated through architectural means. The speed of change and connectivity has been the main addressed problems through the thesis. In the specific context of work, and spaces that activate work, these problems has been rethought in two layers. 1. Urban Layer, where the well-connectivity of the work environment with the city was aimed 2. Workspace layer, where the connectivity of the individual to other individuals or the work environment; and the regeneration of the spatial borders to respond to the speed of change enabling a smooth transition and connection between spaces was aimed. On the urban level, the specific case of Google and Silicon Valley has been challenging to adress as a problem to overcome the existing problems of physical connectivity. A strong connection therefore should be established not forgetting the corporate structure of Google and its attitude towards startups and generation of new ideas.
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aa drl . synapse thesis project
new Spatial and Organizational Models of work and Life
Rethinking the workspace; according to the contemporary phenomena of 24-hour transitive work and life, meaning that the time for working is diffused into everyday life activites at all moments of the day, the speed of change brought by the information technology into life allowed the appearance of new types of dynamics, based on the adaptation to momentarily changes. The changes and the transitions between the activities of work and life, also between the different modes of working have to be accomplished rapid and efficient to meet the requirements of the day and system. Therefore these temporal transitions, rather than being striated and discontinous, should be smootwh and lubricious. The spatial translation of this idea should be the consideration of generation of borders within and between spaces in a continuous manner. In contrary to the rigid borders that have created untransformable spaces throughout the history of workspaces, new space formations should be explored where the borders are defined and redefineds imultaneously with the different conditions of experiencing work and life activities. The spatiality of the different behaviours origined by the formal requirements of any activity, follows the temporality of the worklife balance; should even accomodate the smooth transitions. The spaces, that host all these activities of work and life, which are no longer separate, should embrace the transitive character. There is a blurring and our daily life activities are now distributed and blended one between each other that we need to redefine the borders where these activities can happen. We live between the dichotomy of being a high-performance society that needs to find the right balance to focus on productive work and mix it with leisure.
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As a response to the dynamics of change in the contemporary life and Google’s need to spatially adapt and reorganize itself as an information based company; we propose a new model for integration of the living and working spaces in a creative knowledge based high performance environments.
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c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
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04. design proposal
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c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
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04. design proposal Urban masterplannıng the work-city and ıts connectıon wıth the exıstıng urban fabrıc, by means of creatıng a dıfferentıated fıeld of smoothly connected publıc and corporate spaces.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
13 km.
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
site analysis
04.1
In an effort to break the discontinuity and the stereotype of a traditional isolated campus we are proposing a system of dynamic spatial borders where the corporate activities are blended within urban facilities creating an integrated interface able to foster social interactions alongside our activities. This exchange that takes place in rich information mediums produce innovative ideas. This could act as the urban arena that can trigger encounters and interactions among people. The choice of the site was made after a general analysis of the greater area of Silicon Valley. The chosen site is an island located between San Carlo and Redwood City, 13 kilometers northwest from the actual campus. The site is connected through the interstate highway 101, a port and a small scale airport. Highway 101, connecting San Francisco to San Jose around the Bay, splits the urban fabric into two parts. The island has a total area of 508.000 squaremeters.
IMAGE 35. Site location
Map showing the location of the proposed site.
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aa drl . synapse thesis project
0.75 km. 0.70 km.
0.80 km.
area : 508.000 sq.m 1.20 km.
1 km.
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
93 Analyzing the surroundings, it was observed that mainly commercial and corporate clusters appear in the south, around the highway. The residential areas, covering a large land, are located close to the corporate, having a completely different identity. The Island is surrounded by 195 start-up companies which serve as an opportunity for an innovative ecology to be created within and around the Google Campus. The adjacent airport, mainly hosting flights for businesses, provides good connections, while the ports and the marina on the east make more diverse the types of mobility to and from the area. Being isolated on the north by the open area of Salt Ponds; the site provides the essential corporate privacy. Therefore, diverse qualities exist on the site that lead a healthy differentiation.
IMAGE 36. Dimensions of the area Map showing the area and the dimensios of the site.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
SITE ANALYSIS startup companies | MAP
195 start-ups within 3.2 km
IMAGE 37. Startups map
Map showing the location of startup companies around the proposed site
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
SITE ANALYSIS LANDUSE MAP
95
ct
je aoyb
nw
ru -f e
re
public
ne
zo
commercial marina 95 boats ya cl tch ub
residential industrial corporate
IMAGE 38. Land use map
Use of land around the selected site
aa drl . synapse thesis project
SITE ANALYSIS connectivity | MAP
500 aırcraft 130000 flıghts/year
clearance zone caltraın statıon
ındıvıdual cars: 3800 employees/
Self-Powered Commuters (SPCs) 700 employees
4500 employees Between 6 and 9 a.m. 300 Shuttles arrıve
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
97 The site is located between two Caltrain stations, adjacent to the highway and a junction is located at the south east corner providing vehicular connection to San Carlo city. The port nearby also provides access through the bay into the site.
San carlos aırport
marına
hıghway
yatch club
caltraın statıon
The mobility data obtained through statistics show that, self commuting, carpooling, shuttles, caltrain and individual vehicles are the common ways of commuting to existing Google campus in Mountain View.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
urban des覺gn DECISIONS Connect覺ng to the c覺ty- publ覺c to corporate
IMAGE 39. (Right) Connections to the city
Map showing the connections to the site
IMAGE 40. (Below) Entrances to the site Map showing the location of startup companies around the proposed site
IMAGE 41. (Right below) Public to Corporate Gradient map showing the transition from public spaces to the corporate spaces.
Taking into consideration the analysis of the site and its surroundings, design decisions on the urban level were made. Aims addressed have been: Connecting the existing urban fabric to the site to create a creative habitat. Four main connection points were selected according to connectivity analysis of the site. The highway, which had been blocking the pedestrian connection from the city has been crossed with an elevated continuation of land, connecting the urban tissue directly to the site. A tunnel has been created beneath the elevated land for the unblocked passage of the highway. Lastly, a gradient field for the organization of the site was proposed shifting from public to corporate characteristics. Therefore, core of the corporate field has become a point of convergence for the flow of people.
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
corporate convergence poınt
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entrance points
contınuatıon of urban fabrıc
corporate
publıc
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c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
04.2
connectivity studies
The connectivity issue within the site was approached through a series of digital simulations. The gradient field which was aimed to be created on the site needed to be networked in an efficient way so that the flow of information and innovation could be uninterruptedly provided through the campus by physical means. The agent based branching system is created with flocking behaviour, where different parameters were used in order to simulate a networking system. The aim was to control the directionality and the source of the swarms as a strategy for deployment over urban scale. The main aim of these simulations has been to find an efficient way of connecting the main entrance nodes with the corporate core, regarding the main directionality from urban to corporate.
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05
06
07
08
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01 Branching stage one 1977 Branching stage one 02Agent based simulation branching system Branching stage two
103
03 Agent based simulation branching system 986 Merge (branching) stage two
04 Agent based simulation branching system Merge (branching) stage three
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agent based simulations branching system
1 2 3
4 5
first point of connection
first point of connection
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Using in the code the basic agent flocking behaviour we attempt 105 to approach the branching logic through separation, cohesion and alignment parameters. In the first simulation we created three separate groups of agents flocking all together. After certain time they are flocking only with the number of their own clusters, creating in this way a branching pattern. All agents have the same initial velocity vector. Also, we are drawing the trace of the position of each agent with a line that fades out. In the following simulations improving the code we pursue the following process. First of all, we create ten different groups of agents instead of three, which are flocking again as one group in the beginning. After the first timestep the agents start flocking in three separate groups for a specific time. For the next timestep they are divided into five groups and for the last one they are flocking in ten separate clusters. All agents start from random position within a certain area. The following catalogues are showing the different results that we get while we are giving different numbers for separation and cohesion in combination with the number of agents. In the last iteration the different agents groups start from a different position in a wider defined certain area and also after a certain time they start generating branches again.
IMAGE 42. Diagrams
Diagrams showing the growth of the agent based system , from the first merge to the third.
The intersection conditions occured in the simulations have been important in terms of interpreting the system into a system of connectivity, where these nodes would indicate distribution of gathering points.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
branching stage one A. AGENTS NUMBER = 15 seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.2 timestep = 80
seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.5 timestep = 80
B. AGENTS_NUMber: 15 seperation: 1.2 alignment: 1.0 cohesion: 1.2 timestep: 80
seperation = 1.6 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.6 timestep = 80
seperation = 1.6 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.8 timestep = 80
C. AGENTS_NUMber: 15 seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.2 timestep = 80
seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.2 timestep = 80
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branching stage one
seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.2 timestep = 80
seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.2 timestep = 80
D. AGENTS_NUMber: 15 seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.2 timestep = 80
seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.2 timestep = 80
seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 cohesion = 1.8 timestep = 80
branching stage two
E. AGENTS_NUMber: 15 seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.4 cohesion = 1.6 timestep = 80
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agent based simulations branching system
first point of connection
second point of connection
third point of connection
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
Investigating an agent based system with flocking behaviour, we developed the code, in order to visualize a networking system 111 through a source and directionalities by constraining the agents to flock within specific groups. In the following set of simulations, the agents start from a specific point with an initial velocity which allows them to move to different directions. Essentially, they seek for their neighbouring group in a specific threshold and they come together while they are branching. In order to control them more, each time they branch we change gradually the cohesion factor. So, in the first approach the system appears to have one point of connection, in the second one developing it more it has two points and in the last one as it branches three times, it has three connection points. The following catalogues are demonstrating different behaviours of the system according to different parameters and more specifically, according to different initial velocities.
IMAGE 43. Diagrams
Diagrams showing the growth of the agent based system , from the first merge to the third.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
merge stage two A. AGENTS NUMBER = 4 GROUPS NUMBER = 40 sepAration = 0.8 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion = 0.8 02 merge cohesion = 1.0 03 cohesion = 0.8
separation = 1.0 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion = 1.0 02 merge cohesion = 1.2 03 cohesion = 1.0
B. AGENTS NUMBER = 8 GROUPS NUMBER = 60 seperation = 0.8 alignment =1.0 01 merge cohesion = 0.8 02 merge cohesion = 1.0 03 cohesion = 0.8
seperation = 1.0 alignment =1.0 01 merge cohesion = 1.0 02 merge cohesion = 1.2 03 cohesion = 0.8
seperation = 1.0 alignment =1.0 01 merge cohesion = 1.0 02 merge cohesion = 1.2 03 cohesion = 1.0
AGENTS NUMBERS =
4
GROUPS NUMBERS = 40 seperation = 0.8 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion = 0.8 02 merge cohesion = 1.0 03 cohesion = 0.8
C. AGENTS NUMBER = 4 GROUPS NUMBER = 40 seperation = 0.8 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion = 0.8 02 merge cohesion = 1.0 03 merge cohesion = 0.8
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merge stage three A. AGENTS NUMBER = 4 GROUPS NUMBERS = 40 seperation = 0.8 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion = 1.2 02 merge cohesion = 0.8 03 merge cohesion = 1.4 04 merge cohesion= 1.6
seperation = 1.0 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion = 1.4 02 merge cohesion = 1.0 03 merge cohesion= 1.2 04 merge cohesion = 1.4
B. AGENTS_NUM = 8 GROUPS_NUM = 60 seperation = 0.8 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion 02 merge cohesion 03 merge cohesion 04 merge cohesion
= = = =
1.2 0.8 1.4 1.6
seperation = 1.0 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion 02 merge cohesion 03 merge cohesion 04 merge cohesion
= = = =
1.4 1.0 1.2 1.4
seperation = 1.2 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion 02 merge cohesion 03 merge cohesion 04 merge cohesion
= = = =
1.6 1.2 1.4 1.4
C. AGENTS_NUM = 8 GROUPS_NUM = 60 seperation = 0.8 alignment : 1.0 01 merge cohesion 02 merge cohesion 03 merge cohesion 04 merge cohesion
= = = =
seperation = 1.0 alignment = 1.0 01 merge cohesion 02 merge cohesion 03 merge cohesion 04 merge cohesion
=1.4 =1.0 = 1.2 = 1.4
1.2 0.8 1.4 1.6
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Attractor F覺eld Attractors as open publ覺c spaces
IMAGE 45. (right) Urban Distances Logic The sizes and the distances of attractors between one other, according to research on urban perception levels. (Jahn Gehl, Cities for People)
IMAGE 44. Gradient Field and the primary The gradient field implying a further generation of attractor field
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
large attractor
med覺um attractor
small attractor
100 m.
119 50 m.
15 m. 300 m.
150 m.
50 m.
The gradient field that has been used as an urban design idea, has been redefined through a set of attractors with varying sizes, which would be a key element of providing the flow into the site.In parallel to the gradient field distribution, the size of these attractors would get smaller towards the corporate core, creating a coarse to dense pattern of grains. For the generation of the attractor field, a number of rules were used. The first set of these attractors are defined as the four entrances and one corporate node, on which the connectivity studies had also been conducted. There are three different sized attractors defined, large, medium and small. An optimum distance between each attractor were defined according to the research on urban perception and communication limits of human.
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departmental organization distribution of departments on the corporate site
The departmental Logic is used to organize the small attractors on the corporate area. For this, the previous area distribution of the 10 departments were used as a base, to correlate a small void for every 6-8 product. Parallel to this organizational hiearchy, Google works on a product based departmental system. Each product or acquisition is clustered within one of these departments. These two layers of organization, merge into a network on the operational level. According to the hierarchical relations between the functional departments, The product departments were nested into the two large departments of Sales&Marketing and Research&Development. 10 departments have emerged according to this analysis and the interrelations between those were reflected into a system to organize on the site spatially.
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
spatıal requrements for the products and departments
The general space requirements obtained through existing office 121 spaces and research, the working area per employee is set as 3.3 square meters and the total indoor space per employee as 15.5 msq. A product in Google consists of 5 to 35 employees, accordingly one product is assumed to occupy an area between 33 and 115 metersquares. The areas of the departments are therefore determined according to the number of employees and products they house. spaces per employee:
work
8,3 sqm
no. of employees at mountaın vıew: total ındoor
10 000 - 12 000
15,5 sqm
IMAGE 46. Space Requirements
requıred total spaces:
Workspace and total space requirements set according to case studies.
work 90,000 sqm total ındoor 186,000 sqm
area of the core ısland:
207,000 sqm
capacity:
10 to 35 employees per product
max. area of a product: 115 msq
IMAGE 47. Departmental and Products Organization (Left) Merging of the product and functional organization logics into a single system
mın. area of a product: 33 msq
aa drl . synapse thesis project
strategies networking algorithm : an opt覺m覺zed locat覺on of departments
DEPARTMENTS
Operations
Admin
Operations
Sales& Mobile& Chrome& Geo& Google.org Knowledge Digital Marketing Advertising Commerce Apps Accounts Content
Youtube & Video
Administrative Sales& Marketing Accounts Advertising Chrome& Apps Geo& Commerce Google.org Knowledge Mobile& Digital Content Youtube & Video level of relationships
Hierarchical = 3 Mutual = 2 Single sided = 1 Inexistent = 0
IMAGE 48. Relationships between Departments Hierarchical relation, mutual relation, single-sided relation and no relation according to the work content.
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
Between the departments, which are seen as elements of a network, 3 different levels of connections are set: hierarchical, mutual and 123 single sided. The relative adjacency of the departments is optimized through a networking algorithm created in Grasshopper. The more related departments are located proximate to each other, enabling border conditions. The areas of the circles represent the hypothetical areas calculated previously according to the spatial requirements.
IMAGE 49. Network of Departments Relative locations of departments on the core island, simulated according to the relationship data. Software used: Rhino & Grasshopper
aa drl . synapse thesis project
strategies generatıon of the attractor fıeld accordıng to the departmental logıc
chrome&apps geo&commerce advertısıng google.org mobıle&dıgıtal sales&operatıons knowledge youtube&vıdeo operatıons admınıstratıve
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125 chrome&apps
geo&commerce
mobıle&dıgıtal
advertısıng
google.org sales&operatıons
knowledge admınıstratıve
IMAGE 50. Departments and Attractors(above) Distribution of attractors to departments according to number of products and their locations
IMAGE 51. Products and associated Attractors (Left) Hierarchical relation, mutual relation, single-sided relation and no relation according to the work content.
IMAGE 52. The Borders and Areas of the Departments(Right) Borders generated between departments according to relationships.
the the
youtube&vıdeo operatıons
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strategies generat覺on of the attractor f覺eld
IMAGE 53. Departments and Attractors (above) The placement of the medium sized attractors, creating a transitive and filtering area between the corporate island and urban public field.
IMAGE 54. Products and associated Attractors (Left)
Probable borders generated around the intermediate attractors, creating a condition of space possibilities.
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
127 corporate area
filter area
urban area
IMAGE 55. The Borders and Areas of the Departments(Right)
The field of all attractors, creating a gradient from coarser to smaller grains, from urban to corporate. The location of the attractors help defining adjacencies of a connective network through the site.
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Attractors as vo覺ds [ generation of vo覺ds as Open publ覺c spaces]
classification of voids
150 m.
big void
100 m.
corporate area 30 m.
medium void transition area
70 m. 50 m. 30 m.
small void working area
30 m. 15 m. 10 m.
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occupancy of voıd
Until this point of the urban design process, the gradient field, network or the attractors have existed as abstract entities 129 representing mobility movement or composition.
Out thesis concentrates on borders negotiation. Nowadays borders do not divide: they unify and homogenize the two worlds. Meaning urban area | main plaza is no longer to be found at the limit, but rather at the intermediate space, (‘’in between’’), digital or real. The future of modern urban 7 065 city is post-architectural; and specifically in relation to public space, according to Moreno and Grinda, this future is emerging between 3 140 technology and culture (digital culture), between originality and critic view. Public space comes to be part of the “fluid space and eternal time” of the new digital era. 282 «When public spaces are successful […] they will increase opportunities to participate in communal activity. This fellowship in the open nurtures the growth of public life, which is stunted by the social isolation of ghettos and suburbs. In the parks, plazas, secondary plaza markets, waterfronts, and natural areas of our cities, people from different cultural groups can come together in a supportive context 1 538 of mutual enjoyment. As these experiences are repeated, public spaces become vessels to carry positive communal meanings». 785 (Carr, Francis, Rivlin and Stone, 1993, p. 344) 282
courtyard 282 70 31
The attractors, which we have always considered as social drivers are substantialized as voids, as public open spaces located in the urban field. Thinking of the field as a unified shelter, these voids exist as breath taking points or breaks in a continuous and monotonous shell. Therefore the lare attractors are translated into plazas, the mediums into sub-plazas and the small attractors into courtyards, which are all open gathering spaces of different scales and operationabilities.
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voids research
04.3
Having theoratized the voids on a unified field, and taking the voids as open public spaces, we have started looking for a formal expression of our design proposal through material research. Our digital simulations lead us experiment the change of the physical state of a rigid material. We started with a branching system that becomes in our proposal our connectivity system on the site, in order to use it as the stable element for relaxing surfaces. In this way the stable lasercut branching pattern works as a mold which interacts with our different plastic surfaces. Taking into consideration the nature of the material and its properties we heat it in order to achieve deformation. The branching molds explore the various possibilities of our structural system leading us to approach the idea of developing an arch catenary constructive system. Then, the surface deformation contributes to a research towards the development of the shell, opening at the same time new fields of reseach. Even though it frames the exploration of the form it also provides us -due to the material behaviour- with another interesting area for reseach. IMAGE 56. (left) Plastic experiment Detailof openings generated
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agent-based | branch mold MOLD: MDF 3MM SHEET: POLYPROPILENE 700 MC
Exploring different types of branching molds, we take one of our agent based simulations (pag. 135) and converting it into a wooden mold. The interaction between the relaxed surface and the mold give us a more controlled way to approach the molds, and a more rigorous way to study the streched surfaces that we receive. This becomes later in our base for a threedimensional mold approach.
IMAGE 57. (right) Diagram
Diagram showing the process of exploring the behavior of the propylene sheet applied on the branch mold under the exposure of heat. The branch mold pattern is generated from the agentbased simulation (flocking behavior)
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heater gun
polypropiline 0.7 mm
agent based mold
2 mins of exposure | max. hot level
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fluid | branch mold MOLD: MDF 3MM SHEET: POLYPROPyLENE 700 MC
Pushing the material behaviour to its extreme situation (highest melting point) we explore the different degrees of its resistence and at the same time the variety of the emerging patterns. The wooden mold is tested in different heats and pressure, such as vacuum forming, hot gun air, etc. This was the beginning the of the emergence of a pattern of holes, which become an important feature of our material explorations. This research constitutes the starting point for the exploration of the building shell prototype.
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heater gun
polypropiline 0.7 mm
fluid based mold
3 mins of exposure | max. hot level
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emergence of holes SHEET: POLYPROPILENE 700 MC
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
Creating an array of streched relaxed surfaces, the relationship between the size of the voids with the height of the deformed 137 surface appears. In this material research the melting point proved to be a revealing moment of the experimentation while a new field of openness appeared. An important feature of the study was the moment when the tension of the surface is broken leading into the creation of different holes varying in size and creating a new field of voids.
IMAGE 58. (left + down) plastic details Details of holes emerging on plastic surfaces because of heat exposure.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
areas of influence
area of 覺nfluence (public spaces)
area of 覺nfluence (public spaces)
IMAGE 59. Areas of Influence and different scenarios of negotiation of borders.
urban Attractor -Open Public Space
urban Attractor -Open Public Space
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
Defining the attractors as open public spaces, and therefore to have 139 created a field of them, these public spaces have been the generator of a system to define spaces. According to urban planning theories, the public spaces transform and influence the areas that are around them. Since our thesis proposes a new definition for the generation of boundaries between the working and living spaces; and that the public spaces tend to create living spaces around them; the openings in the urban field have been taken as the initial generator of boundaries of our system. The area of closed public spaces created around are referred as areas of influence. The size of the openings directly influence the areas around them, as plazas, mid-plazas and courtyards are proposed to create proportionally sized public spaces around them. As the openings shrink smaller towards the corporate area, the workspace/publicspace ratio increases making it a more workconcentrated area, while the urban site includes a larger area of public spaces enabling a large visitor occupancy.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
areas of influence sıte scenarıos
IMAGE 60. (below) selected configuratıon of openıngs used ın the further desıgn process
Responding to Google’s monthly dynamics, the middle plazas and the courtyards are able to expand and shrink on a monthly routine. The size of the openings directly influence the areas around them, as public open spaces are proposed to create proportionally sized public spaces around them. The below diagrams show several possible scenarios of differently sized openings on the whole site and the closed public areas created around them respectively.
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
IMAGE 62. (right) scenario A
IMAGE 61. Scenario B
IMAGE 63. Scenario C
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systems of mobility 覺n the s覺te
Monorail
Bicycle/Pedestrian
Pedestrian
Car/Shuttle
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143
Supporting the existing attitude of Google towards public commuting and in an effort to reduce the number of vehicles; we have started defining our mobility strategy by connecting our proposed site with the caltrain creating a monorail with five distributed stops. These are the starting points for the main circulatory paths for bicycles and pedestrians, while the secondary network is defined by the departmental articulation of the company. Distributed from 2 vehicular entrances,main nodes connect the underground carparks to the Monorail stations and main bus stops. Therefore the major transport routes were organized as tracks for shuttles and cars, converging into the parking spaces located beneath the elevated land connection to the south of the site.
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systems of mobility 覺n the s覺te
public transportation monorail main circulation bicycles + pedestrians
secondary circulation pedestrian
vehicle circulation
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145 monora覺l
IMAGE 64. (rigt) Circulation Maps
vehicle circulation
IMAGE 65. (left) Exploded perspective diagram showing layers of mobility networks
pedestrian
bicycles + pedestrians
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D覺rect覺onal覺t覺es of the attractors
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Accord覺ng to the placement of the attractors and the mobility networks, the attractors were given a certain directionality, that indicates the mobility flow from the city into the corporate core. The diagram shows how the attractors merge into the corporate node, situated at the far end of the site following the lines of circulation.
IMAGE 66. directionality of attractors Map showing the given directionalities ito the attractors accoriding to the circulation.
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04. design proposal building Project: having the openings as starting point from the urban scale, this gave us the oportunity of generating our structure and shell system out of the touch down points. this became an important moment on the building because it was able to generate social interactions.
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04.4
Voids
As a campus designed for 12000 employees, 6000 contractors and 2000 visitors, we are proposing a work-city within the city in which the boundaries between life and work are requestioned. The workcity as an innovative habitat is proposed to act as a general attractor providing the human source flow from the city into the area. For this reason, the basic idea of utilizing open urban spaces as attractors for people to integrate into the urban life is used as an urban proposal.. These attractors are going to be created in three scales which are: 1. Plaza 2. Medium Plaza 3. Courtyards Which are respectively at diameters of 100 m, 40 m and 14 m. The decreasing scale of these open spaces also determine the urban character of the area surrounding it. Therefore these attractors which are distributed in the unified field of urban-work plate help determining the space definitions. Although the intermediate sizes of the plazas are defined as 100, 40 and 14 metres, according to the changing demands of the worksociety and any events, the plazas are proposed to be expandable within three different diameters as visualised.
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Voids [functional development] space reconfiguration
Our main aim with the reconfigurability of the voids was to address the different necesities of the campus during the day. More than any other company in the world, Google has a fluctuating nature that makes its inner configuration change over time. The flexibility of the void unit is giving the possibility of make outdoor spaces bigger for when needed. At the same time makes it possible to create different interaction between users of different departments and clusters.
Changes 覺n Google: 2011 6 5 4 3
2
1
1
0
0
2
1 December
July
June
1
October
1 May
April
January
0
1 March
1
3 2
November
2
September
3
August
3
February
Products Acquisitions Discontinued Products
Changes 覺n Google: 2007 Products 3
3
2
3
1
1
August
September
October
1 December
1
November
1 July
1 June
1
May
March
February
1
4 2
April
2
January
Discontinued Products Acquisitions
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
Elastic surface Fixed Ring: Conector between Rigid and flexible structure Access to outdoors
Stage 1
Stage 2
IMAGE 67. (left) General configuration of shells
IMAGE 68. (left) General configuration of shells
Stage 3
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void [catalogue]
01.
04.
02.
03.
05.
06.
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void [cognitive recognition]
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IMAGE 69. (left) General configuration of shells
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void [physical models of expandability]
Our main aim with the reconfigurability of the openings was to address the different necesities of the campus during the day. More than any other company in the world, Google has a fluctuating nature that makes its inner configuration change over time.
structural ring - acrylic tensile surface - lycra ground mechanism
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negotiation of boundaries
public space
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
Approaching in another way fluid dynamics we use particles of a 159 single liquid in order to simulate how the boundaries can change. So cataloguing the different forces which are applied on specific points of the liquid body (that we call attractors) we observe how the boundaries can be formed, reconfigured accordingly and in a sense become elastic ( while they tend to go back in their initial position). According to the magnitude of the applied force, the area of influence is changing forming a new boundary each time.
public space
aa drl . synapse thesis project A. one target no of particles = 20000 force = 200
two targets no of particles = 20000 force = 200
three targets no of particles = 20000 force = 200
one target no of particles = 40000 force = 200
two targets no of particles = 40000 force = 200
three targets no of particles = 40000 force = 200
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aa drl . synapse thesis project B. one target no of force force force
particles = 20000 1 = 100 2 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force 3 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force
two targets no of force force force
particles = 20000 1 = 100 2 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force 3 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force
three targets no of force force force
particles = 20000 1 = 100 2 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force 3 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force
0ne target no of force force force
particles = 40000 1 = 200 2 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force 3 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force
two targets no of force force force
particles = 40000 1 = 200 2 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force 3 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force
three targets no of force force force
particles = 40000 1 = 200 2 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force 3 = ((i+1)*(i+1))*force
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04.5
shell
We aim to create a shell structural system for the Google Campus due to its qualities as efficiency in covering long spam distances, light weight and high degrees of transparency for lighting features. This sell system is a hybrid between two different types of structures : a rigid and stable structure, combined with a flexible one. The second one creates the different openings of the shell, allowing the dynamic reconfigurability of exterior space and its area of influence. The development of this structural envelop becomes the framework of our work-life spaces, assuming the role of communicator of social dynamics on the campus and the main navigational system.
IMAGE 70. (left) General configuration of shells
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shell [form finding]
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167
The nature of Google lead us to experiment with the change of the physical state on a rigid material. We started with a branching system that becomes in our proposal (as an analogy) our circulation system on the site, in order to use it as the stable element for relaxing surfaces. In this way the stable lasercut branching pattern works as a mold which interacts with our different plastic surfaces. Taking into consideration the nature of the material and its properties we heat it in order to achieve deformation. The branching molds explore the various possibilities of our structural system leading us to approach the idea of developing an arch catenary constructive system. Then, the surface deformation contributes to a research towards the development of the shell, opening at the same time new fields of reseach. Even though it frames the exploration of the form it also provides us -due to the material behaviour- with another interesting area for reseach.
IMAGE 71. (left) plastic detail
Detail of plastic experimentation.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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01 Solid mold
02 Fluid | branch frame
03 Wireframe mold | 2D
04 Wireframe mold | 3D
05 Perforated surface pattern
06 Curved 3D Wiremold
07 Straight 3D Wiremold
08 Digital relaxed surfaces
09 Digital relaxed surfaces from code
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solid mold exploring the surface polypropylene of 0.7 mm
We are interested in the variation of the physical stability of different materials, so our research started by analysing the behaviour of a flat piece of plastic towards the application of heat that allowed us to create different moments of the surface tension with local applications. We started by a simple solid mold which had the branching pattern threedimensionalised and defined by contours, as the base for exposing heat on a sheet of 0.7 mm. polypropylene. Different types of polyprolylene were tested to analyse which one would acquire more definition of the branching pattern.
IMAGE 72. (right) Diagram
Diagram showing the procedure of melting polypropylene sheet of 7 mm. above a solid mold.
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heater gun
polypropiline 0.7 mm
contour mold
4 mins of exposure | max. hot level
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fluid | branch frame SHEET: Perspex 3 mm
Moving to a three dimensional model we create a branch frame, where the shape is generated from the physical fluid explorations, to which we apply the force of heat. According to the exposure of heat the branching starts bending where the frame have less interconnections of the network. The different reactions explain the importance of a multinodal network.
IMAGE 73. (right) Diagram
Diagram showing the procedure of thermoforming polypropylene sheet of 7 mm. above a solid mold.
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4 mins of exposure | max. hot level
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wireframe mold | 2d | 3d
We introduce a three dimensional system to the experiment by creating the tensional frames out of wire with a variety of heights and formed primary by arches, similar to a catenary system. By moving to a spatial system, allowed us to give a structuring logic to the surfaces, by creating creases and valleys which perform as potential enhanced thermoformed surfaces. In the third phase of the experiment, we develop a spatial grid to control the curvatures of the wireframe system. This system could be developed further as a moldless-wireframe base for thermoforming surfaces.
IMAGE 74. (right) Diagram
Diagram showing the process of exploring the behavior of the propylene sheet applied on the wireframe mold under the exposure of heat. The branch mold pattern is generated from the agent-based simulation (flocking behavior)
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heater gun
polypropiline 0.7 mm
fluid based mold with
2 mins of exposure | max. hot level
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perforated surface pattern POLYPROPyLENE 700 MC
The next part of our explorations, developed the creation of different perforations on the surface prior to be heated. The aim is to create different behaviors and how these can potentially become structural. It is observe that after the application of heat, depending on the size and the shape of the perforation, the surface gets more or less uncontrolled deformation. This catalogue will be developed with a larger array of perforations.
IMAGE 75. (right) Diagram
Diagram showing the process of exploring the behavior of the polypropylene sheet applied on the wireframe mold under the exposure of heat. different configurations of perforations on the surfaces are tested.
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heater gun
polypropiline 0.7 mm
fluid based mold with wires
4 mins of exposure | max. hot level
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Curved 3D Wiremold POLYPROPyLENE 700 MC + wire arching mold
We developed a more contraint arching mold to analize more precisely the different deformations. We started observing the relationship between broken mold, arches and stretched surface. This catalogue also combines the initial set ups for our structural logic.
IMAGE 76. (top) Arches
Arches showing the different iterations.
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IMAGE 77. Catalogue
Different angles of the surfaces relaxed with heat
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Straight 3d wiredframe POLYPROPyLENE 700 MC + Piano wires
By testing different configurations of 3D arching systems we aimed to produce a coherent and comprehensive research between:
IMAGE 79. (above) Arches
. Massing . Arches . Surface . Span covered
Arches showing the configuration on top view
IMAGE 80. (right) Plastic melting process Plastic through thermoforming
the
process
IMAGE 78. (below) Plastic and wire elevation
of
Model before going through the process
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IMAGE 81. (below) Catalogue of views
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Shell prototype after post -trimming process
IMAGE 82. (further below) Elevation of final result
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IMAGE 83. Perspective Shell Prototype Polypropelene 7 mc Black
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digital RELAXED SURFACES [nCloth] symmetry
For our digital explorations, we took two paths: Using the nCloth tool in Maya, for relaxing a piece of cloth using constraints.
height and lenght
relationship
Different types of constraints were tested to analyze the maximun and minimun deformations allowed by the piece of cloth.
point of deformation depends on time of relaxation gravity: - 1
nCloth constraints
IMAGE 84. (right) Digital explorations
nCloth simulations using passive colliders as constraint. Software: Maya 2014.
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nCLOTH SIMULATION WITH TWO CONSTAGE 01
STAGE 02
STAGE 03
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TOP VIEW
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
nCLOTH SIMULATION WITH FOUR CONSTAGE 01
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW
STAGE 02
STAGE 03
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digital RELAXED SURFACES symmetry
nCLOTH SIMULATION WITH THREE ASYMMETRICAL CONSTRAINS STAGE 01
STAGE 02
STAGE 03
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW
nCLOTH SIMULATION WITH FOUR CONSTRAINS | STRIDES IN SURFACE STAGE 01
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW
STAGE 02
STAGE 03
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nCLOTH SIMULATION WITH FOUR CONSTAGE 01
STAGE 02
STAGE 03
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BOTTOM VIEW
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW
IMAGE 85. (right) Digital explorations
nCloth simulations using passive colliders as constraint. Software: Maya 2014.
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digital RELAXED SURFACES from code
The second approach for the digital relaxation, was by creating meshes out of our Branching code. After creating the meshes, they are assingned properties of nCloth in a way that starts creating volumes with different tectonics. In here, the constraints act as passages or potential deformations on the landscape, that allows access and conections between
STAGE 01
IMAGE 86. (top) Code and mesh created
nCloth simulations using passive colliders as constraint. Software: Maya 2014. STAGE 02
IMAGE 87. (right) Digital explorations
nCloth simulations using passive colliders as constraint. Software: Maya 2014. STAGE 03
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We analized the properties of this emergent volumes, in other semiological means such as entrances, conections, elevations, 189 directionality, etc.
IMAGE 88. Top view of mesh with constraints nCloth simulations using passive colliders as constraint. Software: Maya 2014.
IMAGE 91. Aerial view of 4 meshes clustered
IMAGE 90. Elevation of one of shells
IMAGE 89. Potential entrances and main space
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First Shell physical [prototype] Polypropylene surfaces with piano wire models
Our first prototypical model was created out of the relationship of two surfaces. The first one which, serves floor is the combination of circulation and workfield. The second one is the shell structure that covers it. The shell structure is generated out of the relationships of the touch down points of the arching system and the surface tension. The hinges, are defined spatially by the touch down points of the structure as well as the opennings generated in the surface. The later are created in the valley parts of the shell where the workspaces are located.
IMAGE 92. (top above) Arching diagram
3 criteria: Hinge to hinge points Hinge to end point of branching system End point to end point
IMAGE 93. (top) Elevation showing relationship
IMAGE 94. (right) Catalogue of views South West Elevation Top View South East Elevation
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Shell [structure development] Relationship betweem touch down points - relaxed surface
3 edges
3 edges
2 touch points
2 touch points
7 edges
4 edges
3 touch points
4 touch points
8 edges
4 edges
3 touch points
4 touch points
8 edges
4 edges
4 touch points
4 touch points
4 edges
4 edges
4 touch points
2 touch points
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4 edges 4 touch points + 4 opening
IMAGE 95. (further left) Primitive surfaces of regular number of edges
IMAGE 96. (left) Different variations of relaxed surfaces of 4 touch down points
IMAGE 97. (top) Catalogue relaxed surfaces with openings as constraints
Catalogue + mesh generation with tesselation
Catalogue + mesh generation with tesselation
Configurations showing surfaces with 1 and 4 openings as touch down points
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IMAGE 98. Relaxed surface with 4 openings as touch down points Mesh generated out of deformation through relaxation
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shell [structure]
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Shell [general configuration ] Section and Diagram
1
2
IMAGE 99. Diagram
(Right)
1. Structure 2. Substructure 3. Skin 3
IMAGE 100. Diagram Prototypical Section
(Below)
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Subsystem
Structure
Physical expression
Location
Rings
Flexible Spaces
Main arches
Work Space
Secondary Arches
Edge Condition - Entrances
Main Circulation System Interstitial Spaces
Cantilevered space
Substructure
Work Spaces
Hexagonal Mesh
Main Public Spaces Central Space
Skin
Work Spaces
Thermoformed Modules
Main Public Spaces Central Space
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Shell [general configuration ]
IMAGE 101. (Above) Diagram axo - exploded Layers of subsystems of the building
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201 Cantelievered space
Substructure
Main Structure Subsystem
Rings
Ground condition
IMAGE 102. (Above) Top View of Prototypical cluster
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Shell [rings ] Structure and tensile studies
1
IMAGE 103. (Further Above) Ring as structure diagram
2
Diagram showing the conection between rings generating a concentrated touch down points
IMAGE 104. First prototype
(Above)
Study of the relationship between ring tensile and rigid structure
IMAGE 105. Tensile studies
(Right)
1. Hexagonal grid tensile 2. Continous tensile surface 3. Elevation of continous tensile surface
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1
2
3
4
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Shell [arches] MAin Arches
The opennings are connected with the arching system of the catenary surfaces, by the 2 sets of lower arches. These are generated with different curvatures, in elevation and floor plan, creating a non regular double curvature surface. This surfaces in order to perform correctly need to put emphasis in different areas specific areas, creating stress lines for a more active acentuation of the hexagonal grid.
Stable structure Structural ring Elastic Surfaces
Highest arch Stress lines
IMAGE 106. Structural Diagrams 1. General logic 2. Two Openings connected top view 3. Two Openings connected Section
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2
IMAGE 107. Structural Diagrams 1. Two Opennings connected 2. Distances and general logic
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Shell [arches] Semiology of arching system
IMAGE 108. (Above) Structural Diagram Arching characteristics of Work hubs
IMAGE 109. (Right) Location in cluster of Main arches Relationship with rings and secondary arches
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IMAGE 110. (Above) Structural Diagram Arching characteristics of entrances
IMAGE 111. (Right) Location in cluster of Secondary arches Defining entrances and interstitial spaces
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Shell [arches] Cantelievered area
Cantelievered space is defining the flexible space that hosts the most of the dynamic activities of the company.
IMAGE 112. (Right) Diagram showing location Relationship with main arching system
IMAGE 113. (Below and further right) Interior space render
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shell [substructure]
IMAGE 114. Hexagonal gird surface, with 7 edges
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Shell [substructure] Aluminum expandable mesh - behavior
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IMAGE 115. Models
(Left)
Aluminium honeycomb mesh different configuration
IMAGE 116. (Right) Model 02 - detail
with
Aluminium honeycomb mesh - heated polypropylene sheet.
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Shell [substructure] Aluminum expandable mesh - Initial Prototype
IMAGE 117. Initial Prototype 1
Aluminium honeycomb mesh - heated polypropylene sheet.
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IMAGE 118. Initial Prototype 2
Aluminium honeycomb mesh - heated polypropylene sheet.
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Shell [substructure] Digital Studies of deformation
Digitally, we simulate the deformation of the hexagonal mesh on Maya platform. The result, allowed us to move on a larger scale and with takin in consideration more variables to construct space. The main feature was how the mes was attaching to the opening - ring.
IMAGE 119. Maya model
Deformation acording to openings
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01 . branches low degree of flexibility
IMAGE 120. Maya model development Various iterations of deformation
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Shell [substructure] aLUMINUM EXPANDABLE MESH - SHELL STUDIES
IMAGE 121. Mesh models creating shell-like surfaces Aluminium honeycomb mesh - heated polypropylene sheet.
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IMAGE 122. Mesh models creating shell-like Aluminium honeycomb mesh - heated polypropylene sheet.
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Shell [substructure] aLUMINUM EXPANDABLE MESH - sHELL sTUDIES
IMAGE 123. Shell Models
Aluminium honeycomb mesh
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IMAGE 124. Aluminum Shell
Aluminium honeycomb mesh
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Shell [substructure] iNITIAL pROTOTYPE 1/50
The first large scale prototype we developed had as an intend to study more closely the relationhip between substructural mesh (honeycomb) and the interior space. The prototype allowed us to start taking in consideration on a more detail way how we can control the deformationof the grid and the relationship this have with light and shadows.
IMAGE 125. Prototype 1/50
Aluminium honeycomb mesh - heated polypropylene sheet. Acrylic Arches
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IMAGE 127. Prototype- detail exterior 1/50 Aluminium honeycomb mesh - heated polypropylene sheet.
IMAGE 126. Prototype - detail interior 1/50 Shell detail showing the opening
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shell [skin]
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Shell [sKIN] detail and differentiation
IMAGE 128. (Above) Skin global deformation Relationship between Substructure and skin modules
IMAGE 129. Skin detail
arches,
(Right)
A hezagonal module made out of a thermoformable material, leaving areas open and other more opaque
termoformable module
honeycomb substructure extruded hexagonal grid made of aluminum
The skin development was base on differentiating diverse spaces, such as work spaces and flexible spaces. By deforming the grid following a rule of atractors, the skin started getting areas with more openness, which allowed more translucency and areas more opaque for working activities.
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Skin
Honeycomb Substructure
Ring Structure
IMAGE 130. Work Hubs development Relationship between Substructure and skin modules
IMAGE 131. structural detail description
arches,
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Shell [sKIN] Physical prototype 1/100
By combining the thermoformable skin and the already studied arching system, we created our third prototype. We started getting more control of how light is affecting the ground condition, and how this ground condition could vary through the day in terms of receiving light.
IMAGE 132. Prototype 1/100 Close ups
The initial set ups of the furniture system started being tested though this prototype.
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Shell [facade and edge condition]
IMAGE 133. Canopy of entrance
The image shows the canopy of entrance (secondary arch) + the skin developed and the opening being obvious from the facade
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Shell [facade and edge condition]
IMAGE 134. (Right above) South east facace
Entrance to cluster
IMAGE 135. North facade
(Right below)
Edge condition towars next cluster Confluence of arches
IMAGE 136. (Below) North East Facade
A series of facade, edges and ways the structure meets the landscape were studied. Since the way the arches generate the entrance, and exits, the same way it was interesting for us to see the facade being hold by the canopy and the ground. The facade becomes semiological very important because it needs to comunicate to users where an entrance is located and where there is more interaction, etc. Whenever the facade touches the ground, it has a relationship of the touch down points of the openings, generating an stronger tectonic.
Relationship between facade and arches meeting the ground.
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Shell [facade and edge condition]
IMAGE 137. East facade
(Above)
The cluster has 3 moments of arching system froming the east facade. It is comunicating the events of the building.
IMAGE 138. (Right) North East facade
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Shell [interior view]
IMAGE 139. Interior
Opening showing tensile and relationship with structure.
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Shell [interior view]
IMAGE 140. Interior
Opening showing tensile and relationship with structure.
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IMAGE 141. A Hub unit Initial structural and spatial unit
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shell [clustering & master plan]
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Shell [clustering & master plan] initial studies
The next part of our explorations, developed the way how clusters
IMAGE 142. (Below) are assambled between them, and how all the properties become First wire structural model
prototypical. The aim is to create different basic rules that can be reapplied on different conditions and different sizes of clusters.
One important moment of the first 1/500 model was the recognition and importance of the directionality of the different openings and (Below right) arches.
IMAGE 143. Model of cluster 1/500
Piano wire on a perspex base
2 different sectors were developed on larfer models.
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IMAGE 144. Catalogue of views of model 1/500
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lARGE aRRANGEMENT
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Shell [clustering & master plan] Catalogue of families
By analyzing the necesities of the different departments, we set up the relationships between the different components such as Working hubs, flezible areas an entrances-access. The following is the catalogue of the different clusters used at the campus.
IMAGE 145. Original Cluster
IMAGE 146. (Right) Catalogue of corporate clusters
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Corporate Clsuters
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1 opening
2 openings
3 openings
3 openings
3 openings
3 openings
3 openings
6 openings
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Shell [clustering & master plan] catalogue of families
Semi Public Clusters
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Public Clusters
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PROTOTYPICAL CLUSTER [CONDITION a + CONDITION B]
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In terms of interior articulation a sample area, which consists of two different prototypical conditions interacting, is detailed. The one 253 with the four small openings clustering , which is mainly the working area , and the other one with the middle opening which is more the space for the living areas to be developed. The interior is articulated by different levels taking into consideration the programmatic requirements and constraints of the building. The entrance and the working spaces are sharing the same level (+1.40), while the public space are developed in lower levels covering the area of influence including a sunken lobby which serves as a core for distributing employees to different spaces. The first and the second floor are developed in the common area of these two prototypical conditions enabling the flexibility between the work and the more public space. Following the structural logic the floors are generated by the touch down points following the constrain of the expandable openings and at the same time they occupy as much as possible the space under the highest points of the arches.
IMAGE 148. Prototypical cluster
prototypical condition a
top view
cluster of four
prototypical condition b one void IMAGE 147. Prototypical cluster Interrior strategy
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green area
entrance level +1.40 public [flexible] space +0.00
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water
main workspace area + 1.40 sunken flexible area + 0.00
lobby | distribution area - 0.525
IMAGE 149. Prototypical cluster ( entrance level) Plan showing the distribution of the levels in the interior of a sample area.
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touch down points
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mezzanine | flexible area +5.40
IMAGE 150. Prototypical cluster ( second level) Diagrams showing the growth of the agent based system , from the first merge to the third.
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Shell [clustering & master plan] Layers and subsystems
shell subsystem
structure subsystem
circulation subsystem
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funct覺onal zones FOR THE SELECTED INSTANCE
LIVE
ACCOMODATION
EATING
COMMERCIAL/SERVICES
SPORTS/RECREATIONAL
LEISURE
IMAGE 151. Functional zones The color coded functional zones show a specific examplery moment, where condition of all the openings on the site were fixed nad taken according to the former prototypical condition.
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WORK
STABLE WORK MEETING/LECTURE
FLEXIBLE WORK
PLAZAS/COURTYARDS
HYBRID ZONES
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programmatic articulation map
urban area residential
urban area commercial
urban area commercial facilities
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corporate area
urban area sport facilities
urban area commercial
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crowd sımulatıons Network of ınteractıons
low densıty of ınteractıons far proxımıty of agents
hıgh densıty of ınteractıons close proxımıty of agents
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The interaction type within the different spaces varies, from spontaneous social interactions to stable team interactions. 265 Therefore diverse social networks are established during different times of the day and different spaces. These networks of interactions were tracked through crowd simulations for the prototypical department. Networks are established between individuals within certain proximities, and are color coded for the activities of; stable work, flexible work, meeting&lectures and eating&leisure.
IMAGE 152. (left) Networking Crowds
Networking algorithm showing crowd interactions
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crowd sımulatıons cırculatıon and use of spaces on sıte
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IMAGE 153. (left) Crowd Simulation on Site An instance from simulation on site
the
IMAGE 154. (left) Crowd Simulation on Site A xoom into the crowds
circulation
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C覺rculat覺on system and the da覺ly scenar覺o of the cAMPUS
IMAGE 155. (left) Crowd Simulations on Site Instance from the use of circulatory system and the use of spaces. The blue color indicates the visitor interactions, while orange networks indicate the corporate interactions
09.00
10.30
12.30
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IMAGE 156. (left) Crowd Simulations on Site
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Instances from the use of circulatory system and the use of spaces. The blue color indicates the visitor interactions, while orange networks indicate the corporate interactions
14:30
16:30
18.30
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IMAGE 157. (left) Crowd Simulation on Site
Three Instances from the use of circulatory system and the use of spaces. The blue color indicates the visitor interactions, while orange networks indicate the corporate interactions. Day with a high occupancy
09.00
10.30
12.30
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IMAGE 158. (left) Crowd Simulation on Site
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Three Instances from the use of circulatory system and the use of spaces. The blue color indicates the visitor interactions, while orange networks indicate the corporate interactions. Day with a high occupancy
14:30
16:30
18.30
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04. design proposal interior The smallest scale of the project proposal explores the negotiation of the boundaries between the spaces for diverse work activities and leisure through furniture configurations; focusing on the individual and its interactions.
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04.6
fluid research
The introduction and application of our material research allow us the creation of active, dynamic patterns, which can physically adapt to changing demands and interests, while we always create new conditions. We started intuitively working with fluids that could create interactive visual installations and would lead us to understand the logics behind a networked pattern creation. All the experiments have in common that they can be produced by following a set of rather simple rules. The material research focuses on the exploration of liquid behaviour, being applied in multiple constraints, as a tool for creating connected fields of different patterns through movement. In terms of fluid dynamics (subdiscipline of fluid mechanics) we focus on the study of liquids in motion (hydrodynamics) which involves the calculation of various properties of the fluid, such as velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as functions of space and time. This fluid dynamics can be later simulated and analysed through a computational phase.
IMAGE 159. (left) Highly viscous fluid suspension Image of initial experimentation.
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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01 napkin + ink + water 02 ink + water
03 ink + water 04 ink + glycerin
05 ink 06 ink
07 machine
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INITIAL EXPERIMENTATION NAPKIN . INK . WATER
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IMAGE 160. (left) Napkin experiment
Catalog of the emerging pattern of ink absorbed by a sheet of napkin that has been dropped on a flowing ink-water solution. Networking pattern is observed.
Our first approach to the fluid dynamics and to the exploration of patterning involves two differnet liquids (water + ink). The formation 283 of patterns in this experiment are created by a simple mechanism in which an initially uniform sheet of paper is deployed over a uniform layer of water, and by the absorption quality of the paper that it starts assuming complex forms and functions leading to a possible coordinated fluid control. A field sensing and responding to its position along a morphogen gradient, followed by short distance cell-to-cell communication through cell signaling pathways to refine the initial pattern. This approach explores how the liquid (ink mixed with water) interacts with a piece of cloth, a material which its main characteristic, property is absorption, observing at the same time how a pattern is self-organised. The density of liquid in combination with the density of the cloth provides a valuable tool of testing how different patterns can be generated.
IMAGE 161. (below) Diagram: Napkin
The thin sheet of paper napkin was dropped intuitiveky on the water based ink solution.
proportion of liquids: ink 30% water 70%
napkin water base ink drop
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INITIAL EXPERIMENTATION symmetry
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The next step of our material research consists of two stages investigating this time the interaction between the liquid and the 285 different acrylic surfaces. This kind of research in fluids is based Two rectangular acrylic sheets were on surface tension which is basically a contractive tendency of the manually moved in different directions. surface of a liquid that allows it to resist to an external force. So initially we experimented with simple rectangular acrylic surfaces IMAGE 163. (down) exerting force on liquid through it. IMAGE 162. (left) Catalogue Ink experiment 1
Diagram
The scheme of the directionality and the branching behaviour of the fluids, forming an unidentical symmetry.
Although, the emergent patterns of the liquid were dynamically developed giving differentiated results depending on the exerting force and acceleration (F=ma). The symmetry was always retained.
proportion of liquids: ink 40% water 60%
the confluence of the fluids in the middle of the plates
the confluence of the fluids moving towards the edges of the plates
the confluence of the fluids at the edges of the plates
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INITIAL EXPERIMENTATION assymetry
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IMAGE 164. (left) Catalogue Ink Experiment 2 Two acrylic sheets with curved boundaries were manually moved in different directions.
IMAGE 165. (down) Diagrams
The scheme of the directionality and the branching behaviour of the fluids.
In the second stage trying to break symmetry we differentiateW the transparent acrylic patterns adding at the same time one layer| level 287 of complexity. Essentially we create simple curvatures introducing one or more voids in order to accumulate and direct the fluid more efficiently. Experiments show that the resulting generative patterns depend not only on the shape of the surface but also on the forces and the acceleration. In particular different levels of pressure seem to enhance the complexity of the resulting patterns.
proportion of liquids: ink 40% water 60%
the confluence of the fluids moving towrads the edges of the plates
the confluence of the fluids in the middle of the plates
the confluence of the fluids forming branches
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INITIAL EXPERIMENTATION viscous liquid
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IMAGE 166. (left) Ink Experiment 3
Catalog of branching experiment using a high ink-constituted fuid. A single acrylic sheet is moved in single direction.
Another approach of these experiments lies on the interaction of pure ink (100% dense) with the surfaces. The high density of the 289 liquid allows it to move restricted but at the same time provides it with the ability of retaining the resulting patterns. In this case the ink forms smaller branches as well as a more unified networking pattern. As a result, high density operates as an important factor as far as the stability of it is concerned.
IMAGE 167. (below) Diagram
. Diagram showing the branch creation process for the catalog proportion of liquids: ink 30% glycerin 70%
acrylic plates glycerin ink
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material research process pure ink + polypropylene 0.7mm
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IMAGE 168. (left) Catalogue Ink Experiment 4
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The production process of the experiment showing the different initial conditions: number of ink drops.
IMAGE 169. (right) Ink Experiment- Symmetry The resulting patterns created in three different processes; on two mirrored acrylic sheets.
IMAGE 170. (below) Detail
. Diagram showing the pattern creation process. proportion of liquids: ink 30% glycerin 70%
polypropylene plates different number of ink drops
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material research process pure ink + polypropylene 0.7mm
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IMAGE 171. (left) Catalogue Ink experiments The resulting patterns created in three different processes; according to the number of drops.
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fluid catalogue pure ink + polypropylene 0.7mm
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1d.2p
2d.1p
2d.2p
2d.3p
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3d.3p IMAGE 172. Catalogue
The catalogue shows the results of the previous experiment conducted with varying parameters of number of drops and number of pulls.
d=number of drops p=NUMBER of pulls
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overlapping of different patterns
1d.3p + 1d.1p
IMAGE 173. (upper top) Overlapping patterns
The overlapping layers of patterns separately produced.
IMAGE 174. (lower top) Overlapping patterns
The perspective scheme of the inkpatterned sheets one above the other
IMAGE 175. (right) Overlapping detail catalogue
Catalogue showing different patterns of overlapping layers.
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machine experiment
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After the manual physical explorations trying to control the patterns created according to different parameters we moved to a 299 mechanical system. The machine was run via the Arduino software, to mechanize the pulsations in order to control the variables of the manual liquid experiment. The Metal Rods are programmed and set to move the transparent sheet materials vertically via 2 pushpull solenoids, that are controlled by the Arduino software and the circuit elements. The behaviour of the ink-water mixture was observed when triggered by the moving sheets. The other variables were the geometry of the sheets, material of the sheets and the location of pull-points.
IMAGE 177. (left) Machine experiment
Image showing the machine experiment.
IMAGE 176. (right) Machine experiment + ink
Image showing the use of the machine, controlling the movement of the plates creating different patterns.
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machine experiment construction diagram
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Horizontal Metal rods to fix the solenoids and keep the system 301 stable. Adjustable height.
Corner Joints joining the vertical and horizontal rods Push-pull solenoids, executing pull movement by the magnetic coils embedded, controlled by Arduino.
Vertical Metal rods to fix the solenoids and keep the system stable.
Suction Pads connecting the solenoid with the acrylic sheets to transfer the pull movement.
Acrylic sheet boundaries of the test-bed for the ink-water solution.
Arduino board, controlled via Arduino software connnected to Solenoids Transparent acrylic sheet base for the test-bed to keep the ink-water solution and act as the second surface for experiment.
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double sheet | central pulling four frames of a single pulsation
IMAGE 178. 3 mm acryl覺c sheet movement po覺nt: conceptual diagram 01 showing the directionality of the machine movement and the pulling point.
frame 01
frame 02
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frame 04 3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 35% Ink %65 Water Push-Pull Speed: 500_100
3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 35% Ink %65 Water Push-Pull Speed: 500_50
3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 35% Ink %65 Water Push-Pull Speed: 200_500
3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 50% Ink %50 Water Push-Pull Speed: 200_50
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double sheet | lateral pulling five / different frames of a single pulsation
IMAGE 179. (right) 3 mm acryl覺c sheet movement po覺nt: Conceptual diagram 03 showing the directionality of the machine movement and the pulling point.
frame 01
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frame 05 3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 35% Ink %65 Water Hınges: Valley/Mountaın edges: movement poınt: Push-Pull Speed: 500_50 (reverse)
3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 50% Ink %50 Water Hınges: Valley/Mountaın edges: movement poınt: Push-Pull Speed: 500_100 (reverse)
3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 50% Ink %50 Water Hınges: Valley/Mountaın edges: movement poınt: Push-Pull Speed: 500_200 (reverse)
3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 35% Ink %65 Water Hınges: Valley/Mountaın edges: movement poınt: Push-Pull Speed: 500_500 (REVERSE)
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multifaceted single sheet | double pulling single pulsations
IMAGE 180. (right) 3 mm acryl覺c sheet movement po覺nt: Conceptual diagram 05 showing the directionality of the machine movement and the pulling point.
pulsation 01
pulsation 02
pulsation 03
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pulsation 04
pulsation 05
pulsation 06
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IMAGE 181. Detail
Detail of ink experimentation
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4.7
diffusion limited aggregation Fractals are infinitely self-similar, iterated mathematical constructs. The phenomena naturally is defined by the parameter of fractal dimension. Infinite iteration is not possible in nature so all ‘fractal’ patterns are only approximate. Fern-like growth patterns occur in plants and in animals including bryozoa, corals, hydrozoa like the air fern,and in non-living things, notably electrical discharges. Lindenmayer system fractals can model different patterns of tree growth by varying a small number of parameters including branching angle, distance between nodes or branch points and number of branches per branch point. Fractal-like branching patterns occur widely in nature, in phenomena as diverse as clouds, river networks, geologic fault lines, mountains, coastlines,animal coloration, snow flakes, crystals, blood vessel branching,and ocean waves. The growth of the branch is a system of self organization. The different physical conditions such as the speed, the borders or the constitution of the materials, cause variations in the patterns.
IMAGE 182. (right) Diffusion Limited Aggregation Digitally simuulated 3D DLA pattern which has many occurances in nature. Source: dla-nd
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directionality
laplacian growth
growth direction
search point
point cloud
search point
seed
source
closest neighbors
angle of search
ize
s
directionality
searching point
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Laplacian Growth is a physical and mathematical phenomena seen in many natural occurences. The growth of a branch is a system 313 of self organization, that could be a result of matter accumulation or electric discharge, as well as the movement of a fluid between two sheets, which we have previously experimented. The different physical conditions have cause variations in the patterns such as the speed, the borders or the constitution of the fluid. The phenomena naturally is defined by the parameter of fractal dimension. (SOURCE) Fractal dimension is a rating of coverage or density of a branching pattern on an area. The image shows a catalog of bacterial growth model, with the increasing fractal dimension, where the first model has a fractal dimension of about 1.7 to DLA. Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA): Is a Laplacian Growth system that has a specific diffusion rate of 1.7. Branching systems-or Laplacian Growth- have two important characteristics which we have analysed for our project and we digitally explored as well. First, is its adaptability to changing conditions and the change in every single formation of the resulting patterns. This randomness is resulted by the self-organizational character of the elementary units in micro-scale, as the single unit attaches spontaneously to another unit according to the existig conditions.
IMAGE 183. (left) Laplacian Growth Simulation Detailed explanation of the laplacian growth logic through zoom-in diagrams showing the elementary units of the simulations as: angle of search, point cloud density, step size, directionality and source.
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non linear generator
timer step size
20 ms
offset 0.25 - 1.00
offset 1.00
offset 0.25 - 1.00
offset 1.00
200 ms
01 sec
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The Digital experiment was conducted in Grasshopper and has been catalogued on 4 main parameters, which have effected the 315 pattern formation in each case.
01 sec
size 1.50
The main logic of the growth is that a single point marker searches for a neighbour within a certain distance range and certain direction Point Cloud: Every point in the point cloud acts as acontainer of possible neighbours to connect with. Density of the Point Cloud: Density of the cloud determines the number of neighbours within a range to search from. Speed: The time between connecting one point to another, the speed of search determines the capillarity/detailing of the pattern Size: The length of radius to search for a neighbour point to connect to.
size 3.00
Angle of Search: The angle around a point which determines the area of search of the neighbour point to connect.
IMAGE 184. Catalogue of growth
curve sourced
Catalogue of Grasshopper generated patterns sourced from a generic curve. Parameters: Unit size, Speed of growth (timer step size) and offset.
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linear generator variable : angle of search 54
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point cloud density : 20 timer step size
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100 ms
20 ms
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varying density of point cloud timer step size
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54 variable : speed 500 ms
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1 sec 20 ms
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point cloud
Space qualities, from public to stable work, varying both in function, stability and flexibility was translated into the density point clouds which is the operating medium of the digital branching simulations. According to this translation, The open public spaces are the densest nodes of the point cloud in the meanwhile the stable work areas are the least dense areas. Through the research and catalogs done for the digital simulations of branching, the interpretation of this system is reflected on the pattern generation, as the dense point cloud would create more detailed and capillary branches, while the scarce point cloud as a medium would result into larger branches with less details. This interpretation covers the explanation of stability and instability of the space configurations, as the detailed and small branches would represent a more instable and adaptable system while the larger branches represent a more stable nature
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working spaces
public spaces
working spaces
public spaces public spaces
working spaces
working spaces working spaces
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public spaces
working spaces
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Urban Configuration
IMAGE 186. (above) Density Point Cloud Map
The density point cloud applied on the whole site, according to the placement of the openings, indicating the gradient from public to work spaces.
IMAGE 185. (Right) Exploded perspective diagram Diagram showing the generation of the density point cloud and the branching patterns that create the system of interiors on the whole site.
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IMAGE 187. Internal organization The dla strategy serves as the main tool in order to define the internal organization of the building. In terms of the growth of the branches, we deal with different parameters (speed + directionality ) to differentiate the result that we get in the corporate and in the communal area.
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generatıon of the ınterıor organızatıon system from the densıty poınt cloud to furnıture
Inspired by the stable & instable conditions of fluid in the ink experiments, and the related digital simulations that have explored the pattern generation through a similar algorithm, we have moved further to materialize the behavior of these systems into the interior organization of the office space through furniture. As cataloged previously, through various parameters, the size, density or the capillary nature of the generated pattern can be controlled. Speed and the point cloud density has been the parameters that have been used in defining the system. Having the openings, the surrounding areas and the structural system as an input, a density cloud was generated. Voids, as centers of public spaces have been the dense cores where the point field was created in line with an attractor logic, considering different powers according to varying radii. The structural system, already origining by the placement of the open public spaces, taking them as touchdown points, implies a relationship with the height of the built structure and the density of the point cloud.Where the structural elements get closer to the ground plate, the point cloud density gets higher.
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Furniture
Generated Branching Pattern
Starting Point & Directionalities
Density Point Cloud
Ground Slab
Plan View
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generatıon of the ınterıor organızatıon system Changing Configurations for different uses of spaces
According to the daily uses of the spaces, it is known that during different times of the day, the occupancy or the function of the spaces could alter. The example for this would be, during the morning hours, the stable work spaces used by the teams are more occupied, while in the afternoons the flexible workspaces are activated more. The control parameter of this variation through the branching simulations had been the speed and the offset, where higher speed of generation results in more detailed branches, implying the maximum use of the furniture and space.
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IMAGE 188. Case 1
Timer Step Size(Speed):1s - 50 ms Offset:0.25-1
IMAGE 189. Case 2
Speed: 1s - 200 ms Offset:0.25-1
IMAGE 190. Case 3 Speed:1s Offset:0.25-1
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Top view [point cloud density]
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IMAGE 191. Point cloud in the cluster area The point cloud is generated according to the use of spaces from communal to corporate stable work spaces. The Variation on the branching pattern is reflected through this density cloud into flexible and stable parts.
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Top view with point cloud
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Top view
IMAGE 192. Interior view Interior arrangement in the cluster area showing the position of the furniture system.
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work actıvıtıes [crowd ınteractıons]
Crowd simulations have been used to simulate and observe the working behaviours related to space configurations in Google Campus. 4 work-related activities were defined and simulated: Stable Work, Flexible Work, Meeting, Socializing. The different colored agents represent the members of different teams and the spaces are roughly defined by the organization of the furniture elements.
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TEAM A TEAM B TEAM C
IMAGE 193. Crowd Simulations An instance from the crowd simulations which are used for the semiological analysis of the space. Spaces and the activities are related through team relations.
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WORK ACTIVITIES AND USE OF SPACE flex覺ble work
Flexible work includes finding the closest/available workstation that exists in the space. These workstations are not assigned to specific employees therefore are suitable for spontaneous meetings and/ or individual work. The frames demonstrate the spontaneous gathering of agents from different teams into the furniture clusters.
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FLEXIBLE WORK
IMAGE 195. (above) Flexible Work
Frames from the simulation, showing the three steps of flexible work behavior of the agents.
IMAGE 194. (left) Flexible Work
Image showing the agents’ goal of approaching to the closest workin unit through lines.
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WORK ACTIVITIES AND USE OF SPACE[catalog] Stable work
Stable work defines the work activities that are predefined, and take place at workstations assigned particularly to certain teams. The blue, black and white agents symbolize different teams, gathering at their team clusters
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IMAGE 197. (above) Stable Work
Frames from the simulation, showing the three steps of stable work behavior of the agents.
IMAGE 196. (left) Stable Work
Image showing the agents’ goal of approaching to their own working unit through lines
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WORK ACTIVITIES AND USE OF SPACE[catalog] Meet覺ng/LEcture
Meeting or Lectures represent a scheduled event happening at a single space. Therefore meeting activity includes the gathering of all individuals at a defined space.
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IMAGE 199. (above) Meeting
Frames from the simulation, showing the three steps of meeting behavior of the agents.
IMAGE 198. (left) Meeting
Image showing the agents’ goal of approaching to the event space.
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WORK ACTIVITIES AND USE OF SPACE[catalog] soc覺al覺z覺ng
Socializing as a spontaneous event is a key for the creative workinteractions. Activity of socializing, with or without a spatial focus occur mainly at the non-working spaces by random individuals.
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IMAGE 201. (above) Socializing
Frames from the simulation, showing the three steps of socializing behavior of the agents.
IMAGE 200. (left) Socializing
Image showing the agents’ goal of approaching to the closest neighboring agents to socialize.
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Daıly dnamıcs of spaces ın google
According to the surveys made with Google employees on their daily activities and the uses of space (see. Appendix), several results were obtained. The first derivation of the survey has been the fact that employees perceived the leisure & gathering spaces such as the microkitchens, game rooms or the restaurants as spaces to socialize and meet new people, which become the core element of spontaneous interactions. These interactions are the ones enabling creativity and innovation.*(REF) This derivation has placed the use of so called “living” spaces like leisure, commercial, recreational and eating spaces as main elements of the office design, as Google has been trying to maximize the productivity and creativity of its employees for innovations and research. The second set of data obtained through the survey has been interpreted into the daily occupancy graphics of the different spaces. (See. image 79)
IMAGE 202. (right) Daily Occupancy Graphs
Hiciae doluptation essunt erorepeliqui archil in nobis moditam excepudae vollam inverae modipsam num ut harciae. Tem fugit es endelit reperitem non pedi alitis ullupta ipidebit ad mi, sunti tempore nimusam et harum que maximpore, omnisim olorest odipici
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ENTRANCES & DISTRIBUTION SPACES
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EATING SPACES
LEISURE&ENTERTAINMENT
MICROKITCHEN & COFFEE SPOTS
SPORTS&RECREATIONAL AREAS
STABLE WORKSPACES
FLEXIBLE WORKSPACES
MEETING & TRAINING SPACES
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furniture system
Google has been applying 70% - 20% time rule; which states that an employee can spend 20% of his/her time on a Google related project that he is interested, while 70% of time is spent on the given task. Based on that rule we are creating areas with higher degree of stability and others more flexible, enabling the fast circulation of the employees.
IMAGE 203. DLA organizing interior space According to the degree of flexibility in specific areas, dla is deing developed following specific directionalities creating the paths for the furniture system.
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percent of time google employees can spend : working on ideas + projects that relate them
on current core projects
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percent of google’s products that originated from the 70% time
IMAGE 204. DLA interpreted to furniture
percent of google’s products that originated from the 20% time
The furniture system is being created following the lines of dla.
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furniture system
It is undeniable that for any individual the flexibility of his workspace is really important. The existing office configurations restrict the possibilities of interaction among employees and block the paths of innovation. It is true that the restriction of desktop PCs has vanished in the existence of laptops, smartphones and new technologies today. According to surveys made with Google employees, daily program of each employee differst, the spaces they use and the time they spend their working hours alter; therefore the workspaces should be configured and adapted according to these needs. Interior elements, which we are naming as the “physical interface� of the communication, consist of adaptable components of workstations, partitioning and communication devices. The larger components of workstations, hosting up to 15 people would be able to accomodate each team’s tasks and will be reconfigurable every 2-3 months. These components are generated within the product areas, attached to the boundaries, allowing the central gathering areas to have flexible working spaces. In parallel to that the furniture system should respond to the expandability of the opening providing multiple configurations according to the different spatial scenarios. Approaching to the open space the areas are becoming more flexible to adjust faster to the changes.
IMAGE 205. Internal spatial organization Furniture system responds to the expandability of the opening.
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furniture system
Looking back at the analysis of the workspaces through time and the workspaces today; it is a reality that the contemporary workspace should be adaptive to the constantly changing demands and occupancies. Many diverse modes of work should be able to be hosted within the space allowing a smooth transition between activities. These different work activities and requirements has driven us to focus on the generation and transformation of these spaces through time into one another or by scale. Work Activities has been clasiffied as: -STABLE WORK, which is task oriented work, which has a low degree of flexibility and would usually require a determined core space for every team. It consists of branching configurations that are creating working surfaces but sitting places as well. -FLEXIBLE WORK, in which the employee is independent of the temporal limits and the given tasks, where the spontaneous interactions and individual work is likely to take place.. We are designing a family of elements which are used as working tables. -HYBRID WORK, Is where the non-work related activities fuse with the work activities, such as lounges or coffee and relaxation areas. The use of the space is a hybrid between the social and the work activities, which creates a big opportunity for productive interactions. -MEETING/LECTURE, Usually pre-determined gatherings of a larger number of people than the team occur. These spaces may require isolation and privacy, and should be able to transform according to different happenings.
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meeting / lecture spaces
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CROWD S覺MuLATIONS network creat覺on and spaces
The office space is a collection of diverse spaces which are activated by the employees using them, at different times of the day, and for different purposes. The transformation of the spaces between stable, flexible, hybrid or living spaces is enabled by the user in Google campus by the means of transforming funiture which change in scale and organization. The interaction type within these spaces also varies, from spontaneous social interactions to stable team interactions. Therefore diverse social networks are established during different times of the day and different spaces. These networks of interactions were tracked through crowd simulations for the prototypical department. Networks are established between individuals within certain proximities, and are color coded for the activities of; stable work, flexible work, meeting&lectures and eating&leisure. Agents are periodically assigned one of four activities according to the daily occupancy probabilities of spaces.The algorithm uses the data obtained from the survey on daily cycle of Google Employees(see. Appendix) for the probabilities. The activation of spaces and funitures are therefore observed through the simulations.
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Leisure Flexible Work Stable Work Meeting&Lecture
IMAGE 206. (above) Color coding of the areas
Main zoning of the areas accordingto the prototypical condition of the courtyard openings and the areas of influence.
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CROWD S覺MuLATIONS Da覺ly occupancy of spaces
As catalogued in the previous chapter, the interior organization system consists of three types of furniture; Stable branches, which exist in stable cores, able to change with Monthly differentiations in departments The sliding branches, which enable the daily space transformations by changing in scale and use from work-use to leisure use. The meeting cores, which exist in the interstitial spaces between departments and stable workspaces,and they are able to be configured as groups creating spaces for small-large meetings and lectures. The activation of the furniture as a second system of agents have been simulated with the crowds, sliding furniture and the meeting cores react to the crowd approach, therefore a second level of interaction is set up: furniture-people. With the setup of this mode of interaction, the changes in the space configuration on a daily scenario, the redefinition of the spatial borders could be observed.
Flexible Work Stable Work Leisure Meeting&Lecture
IMAGE 207. (Right) Daily Occupancy of Spaces
Instances from the prototypical department, Mobile&Digital at different hours of the day, showing the occupancy of stable, flexible, meeting and leisure spaces.
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furniture system [stable - flexible workspace ]
IMAGE 208. Furniture system A prototypical condition of stable and flexible workspace together.
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branches
low degree of flexibility
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modules
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furniture system [stable - flexible workspace ]
The stable branching modules can be combined in different configurations with the flexible modules. The daily changes in working pattern is reflected on these configurations, defining different spaces.
module 01
module 02
The flexible modules, due to their design, they can slide along the branches’ surfaces creating continuous surfaces.
module 01
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table use sitting place
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IMAGE 209. Sliding effect Module 01 (flexible) sliding along module 02 (stable - branch).
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branches
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IMAGE 210. Furniture clustering Rendered top view
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01 branch [stable]
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branches [ catalogue ]
low degree of flexibility
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table use sitting place
IMAGE 211. Detail A detail of one branch showing the differentiation in height providing both sitting and working spaces.
IMAGE 212. Catalogue of different branches Different conditions of branching furniture system.
The branching furniture consists the most stable part of the working space. These branches are situated betweem the open spaces, creating a more dense environment for work. The height of these elements are different providing surfaces for working but for sitting as well. Although they have a high degree of stability, these elements can change position by sliding or rotating through time but rarely.
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02 module [flexible]
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02 modules [ catalogue . face to face ]
higher degree of flexibility
IMAGE 213. Partition detail Two different conditions in a team workspace.
IMAGE 214. Partition detail cataloque Showing all views of two workspacesn with and without partition in between.
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The modules constitute the flexible part of the furniture system. They appear both in the working areas and in the more leisure/ 367 communal areas. In the working areas we are having a typology of these modules according to the working scenarios. One singl module can host from one to three employees. In a group work, two modules can come together creating a group space. There is the possibility of having partition wall in between the two tables whenever is needed providing isolation. Also the tables can be located so they can create face to face but also back to back working condition as well.
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02 modules [ catalogue . face to face + back to back ]
higher degree of flexibility
IMAGE 215. Face to face Different views of face to face workspace.
IMAGE 216. Back to back Different views of back to back workspace. A catalogue of configurations according to the number of employees.
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03 hybrid
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03 hybrid workspace
In the hybrid workspace the work activities with the leisure activities are getting mixed. The space changes its character from working to public really often, in spontaneous moments. For this reason we are placing only the flexible modules of the furniture system where themselves they create different spatial conditions. Depending on the form that they have and they way they come together they can create directionalities for the space and specific circulation paths.
IMAGE 217. Modules clustering Single modules can come together to create a specific working or living space, while they can give directionality to the area.
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IMAGE 218. Modules clustering Different views of modules’ cluster.
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04 meeting spaces
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03 meeting space
The module is used mainly for the meeting events and provides an enclosed space for privacy. It gives visual and acoustic isolation while It can be transformed for the use of different number of people. There are different stages of performing, from the close one to two sides open when it can host 8 people. While more than one of this module come together, they create a bigger space for communal meetings.
IMAGE 219. Meeting space catalogue Different moments of how the meeting spaces can be performed.
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to
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furniture system [ daily transformation ]
The proposed workspace for the google campus is spaces that can be easily and quickly adapt to the different needs of its employees. Combining the different furniture elements we get a neutral space ready to adjust and to respond to everyday needs. Here zooming in a prototypical furniture system we can observe the transformation of the space and the “communication� between furniture and people.
IMAGE 220. Furniture transformation Different configurations according to the number of people in a specific area.
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IMAGE 221. Furniture transformation Different configurations according to the needs. The flexible modules are sliding creating an extra boundary while they can also get detached to host more employees.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
furniture system [ daily transformation ]
circulation paths
IMAGE 222. Daily transformation Three different moments of the furniture system during the day. Different paths are created and some areas are becoming more private.
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
381
IMAGE 223. Layering of different conditions Conceptual image showing the movement of the furniture system in a specific area during the day.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
383
05
interior configuration
aa drl . synapse thesis project
furniture system [ PHYSICAL MODELS ]
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
385
IMAGE 224. Physical models Physical models showing one cluster of the furniture system
aa drl . synapse thesis project
interior view
c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
387
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c h a p t e r 03 . PR O J ECT .
389
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APPENDIX
391
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Append覺x E: Strategies : Fluids
393
IMAGE 225. Fluid technique applied on site Site on perspex
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Append覺x E: Strategies : Fluids
395
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Append覺x E: Strategies : LAplacian growth simulations
397
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IMAGE 226. (right) 3 mm acryl覺c sheet movement po覺nt: Conceptual diagram 04 showing the directionality of the machine movement and the pulling point.
pulsation 01
frame 01
frame 03
399
pulsation 02
pulsation 03
pulsation 04
frame 01
frame 01
frame 01
frame 01
frame 01
frame 01
aa drl . synapse thesis project
double sheet | central pulling four frames of a single pulsation
IMAGE 227. 3 mm acryl覺c sheet movement po覺nt: conceptual diagram 02 showing the directionality of the machine movement and the pulling point.
frame 01
frame 02
frame 03
401
frame 04 3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 50% Ink %50 Water Hınges: Valley/Mountaın edges: movement poınt: Push-Pull Speed: 500_500
3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 35% Ink %65 Water Hınges: Valley/Mountaın edges: movement poınt: Push-Pull Speed: 500_500
3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 35% Ink %65 Water Hınges: Valley/Mountaın edges: movement poınt: Push-Pull Speed: 500_200
3 mm clear Acrylıc Sheet Lıquıd constıtutıon: 50% Ink %50 Water Hınges: Valley/Mountaın edges: movement poınt: Push-Pull Speed: 500_200
aa drl . synapse thesis project
furniture system
IMAGE 228. Furniture system
Family of hexagons generating the furniture system on the ground level.
403
aa drl . synapse thesis project
seed
405
IMAGE 229. (upper left) Branching diagrams
Diagrams showing different configuration according to the force of each seed.
IMAGE 230. (left below) 3D Representation
Different configurations of the workspace environment.
IMAGE 231. (right) 3D Representation detail Detail of a workspace configuration.
aa drl . synapse thesis project
IMAGE 233. (left) Interior View
The furniture system is placed between the open spaces and its areas of influence
IMAGE 234. (upper right) Configuration no 1 A branching configuration furniture system.
IMAGE 232. (below right) Configuration no 2
of
the
Changes in the furniture configuration creating more passages.
407
aa drl . synapse thesis project
06.
05.
04.
03.
IMAGE 235. (left) Mechanism diagram.
Diagrams showing the different possibilities of the furniture’s movement.
02.
IMAGE 236. (right) Mechanism diagram top view. Diagrams showing from top view the different configurations.
IMAGE 237. (right) Physical model.
Images of physical model showing different stages of the furniture configurable system.
01.
06.
The furniture is designed as a popping up system. A family of hexagons following the deformed grid of the floor is triggered interacting with the users and the mechanism is activated enabling the deployment of this system. 05.
There are three basic movements of the mechanism creating different arrangements when necessary: 1. Move up, 2. Rotate, 3. Unfold
04.
03.
02.
01.
409
aa drl . synapse thesis project
411
IMAGE 238. Physical Model
Detail of the physical model showing the points of rotation and the ability to transform.
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PATTERNING RESEARCH . DIRECTIONALITY
413
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PATTERNING RESEARCH . SLIDING SYSTEM
415
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TYPOLOGY OF FURNITURE SYSTEM 01. individual work . 1-3 employees . reconfiguration of A SINGLE MODULE
417
figure . 01
figure . 02
figure . 03
aa drl . synapse thesis project
02. team work . 3-6 employees
419
aa drl . synapse thesis project
partition wall
In terms of partition walls what we want to achieve is a system of expandable surfaces generated by the structural mesh which follows the directionality of the ground. For our project this system of walls serves as an element of defining and redefining visual and physical boundaries. Moving from the hexagonal grid and analyzing the material behaviour of our structural mesh we explore different potentialities in terms of creating enclosures and partitions. The following catalogues of geometrical physical studies helps us to identify the aspects of transparency and isolation as integrated elements of the furniture system. We develop a system of surfaces with pinching points constraining their movement. In this way we get an unidirectional movement creating different openings. Aiming to achieve a less constrained expandable system with bidirectional movement we create a pattern on each surface using different pinching points. The diagrams are shoing the variety of configurations of the system according to its degree of expandability.
IMAGE 239. (left) Paper Model
Model made by stripes connected with pinch points.
421
aa drl . synapse thesis project
model A
IMAGE 241. (right) Paper Models
Different configurations of the model showing the possibility of creating the cellular structure of the deformed hexagonal grid.
IMAGE 240. Paper Model
Model developed by paper stripes which are connected with pinch points, approaching the expandability of the aluminium cellular mesh.
423
aa drl . synapse thesis project
model b
IMAGE 244. (top) Paper model
Model developed with paper stripes connected with pinch points. Each stripe has a pattern enabling a less constrained way of connection and expansion.
IMAGE 243. (right) Diagrams
Diagrams showing the different possibilities of the model working on top view and in section.
IMAGE 242. (left) Diagrams
Diagrams showing the different configurations of the model and how it expands gradually while it become more complex.( adding stripes)
425
aa drl . synapse thesis project
IMAGE 247. (top) Paper model
Model developed with paper stripes connected with pinch points. Each stripe has a pattern enabling a less constrained way of connection and expansion.
IMAGE 246. (right) Diagrams
Diagrams showing the different possibilities of the model working on top view and section.
IMAGE 245. (left) Diagrams
Diagrams showing the variation of configurations that the model appears and how it expands creating enclosures.
427
aa drl . synapse thesis project
PHASE 01 FINAL PROPOSAL
IMAGE 248. Aerial night view
429
aa drl . synapse thesis project
strategies laplacian GROWTH simulation INSIDE THE SITE FOLLOWING POINT CLOUD MAP
chrome + apps knowledge
advertising youtube mobile + digital
googlr org
geo commerce
administrative sales
operations
simulated growth process
431
IMAGE 249. (left) Laplacian growth Image showing the laplacian growth inside the site. Software: Grasshopper
aa drl . synapse thesis project
general urban strategy main circulatory and connective paths deployed from the laplacian growth simulation
dla circulation department area main entrance point entrance to department
parking lots
walking path
mobility path
main entrance point
433
laplacian growth mobility path walking path parking lots
departments area
main entrance point
entrance points to departments
aa drl . synapse thesis project
interior plan
435
IMAGE 250. (left) Interior Site plan
Interior plan for the whole site
IMAGE 251. (right below) Interior Site plan
Interior detail of youtube department
aa drl . synapse thesis project
day site view
437
aa drl . synapse thesis project
night site view
439
aa d aa drl r l . ssynapse y n a p s e tthesis hesis p project roject
3d print of a sample area
441
IMAGE 252. 3d print
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Append覺x a: Google product launches Product Name
Product Engaged
Main Department
Launch Year
University Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2000
Advertising
2000
adwords
Month
Google Toolbar
Google Search, Google Translate
Knowledge
2000
Google Answers
Google Search
Knowledge
2001
Catalogs
Google Shopping
Advertising
2001
Google Groups
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2001
feb
Google Image Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2001
july
Google Labs
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2002
may
google product search
Knowledge
2002
dec
Google News
Knowledge
2002
Mobile& Digital Content
2003
Advertising
2003
Google Sets
Google Drive, Google Search
Adsense
Chrome&Apps
2003
Google grants
Google Accounts
Advertising
2003
google booksearch
Knowledge
2003
Knowledge
2004
Public Service Search
Google+
Google Custom Search
march
dec
Google Trends#Google Music Trends
Google Trends
Knowledge
2004
Google Desktop
Google Accounts
Chrome&Apps
2004
oct
Orkut
Google+
Chrome&Apps
2004
January
Geo & Commerce
2004
march october
Google Local
Google Maps
Google Closure Tool
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2004
Google Flu& Dengue Trends
Google.Org
Google.Org
2004
Google Scholar
Google Search
Knowledge
2004
november
Gmail
Webmaster Tools
Mobile& Digital Content
2004
april
SMS
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content
2004
oct
AdWords#Google Click-to-Call
AdWords
Advertising
2005
nov
Zeitgeist
Google Search
Knowledge
2005
Hello
Picasa
Chrome&Apps
2005
Google Base
Google Business Solutions, Google Shopping
Chrome&Apps
2005
nov
Web Accelerator
Google Search
Knowledge
2005
may
Google Directory
Google Search
Knowledge
2005
Google Video
Google Apps
Youtube& Video
2005
january
Product Name
Product Engaged
Main Department
Launch Year
Month
Google Mini
Google Search
Knowledge
2005
jan
Talk
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2005
august
Google Latitude
Google Maps, Google Mobile
Geo & Commerce
2005
Google Reader
Google News
Knowledge
2005
october
Blogger Web Comments
Blogger
Chrome&Apps
2005
nov
Dashboard Widgets for Mac
Gmail, Blogger,Search History Chrome&Apps
2005
Blog Search
Blogger
Chrome&Apps
2005
sept
Google Bookmarks
Web History, Google Accounts
Chrome&Apps
2005
october
Google Earth
Google Business Solutions, Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2005
jun
Google Maps
Google Business Solutions, Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2005
feb
Google Moon
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2005
july
Google Transit
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2005
dec
Maps for Mobile
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2005
october
Movies
Google Search
Knowledge
2005
feb
Knowledge
2005
may
Mobile& Digital Content
2005
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content
2005
jun
Google Analytics
Mobile& Digital Content
2005
nov
Mobile& Digital Content
2006
may
Mobile& Digital Content
2006
sept
iGoogle Blogger Mobile
Notebook Related Links
Google Mobile, Blogger
Google Drive Webmaster Tools
Google Browser Sync
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2006
/Joga Bonito
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2006
Geo & Commerce
2006
Google Page Creator
Google Sites
443
march
Search Mash
Google Search
Knowledge
2006
Google Maps#Google Ride Finder
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2006
oct
Google Pack
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2006
Google News Archive
Google News
Knowledge
2006
june
Google sketchup
Google Earth
Chrome&Apps
2006
april
Google Docs
Google Drive
Mobile& Digital Content
2006
Google Checkout
Google Wallet, Google Business Solutions
Chrome&Apps
2006
Google Code Search
Google Code
Mobile& Digital Content
2006
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Product Name
Product Engaged
Main Department
Launch Year
Month
AdWords Editor
AdWords
Advertising
2006
feb
Gmail Notifier
Gmail
Chrome&Apps
2006
Google Contacts
Google Accounts
Chrome&Apps
2006
Google Mars
Google Apps
Geo & Commerce
2006
Google Web Toolkit
Google Developers
2006
Language Tools
Google Translate
Google Translate
2006
Picasa Web Albums
Picasa
Picasa
2006
Webmaster Tools (Google Sitemaps)
Google Business Solutions
Google Business Solutions
2006
Google 3d Warehouse
Google Maps, Google Sketchup
Geo & Commerce
2006
Google Custom Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2006
may
U.S Government Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2006
jun
Accessible Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2006
july
Google Finance
Google Search
Knowledge
2006
march
Google Patent Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2006
dec
Spreadsheets
Google Drive
Mobile& Digital Content
2006
jun
Google Calendar(Google Docs)
Google Goggles, Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content
2006
April
Audio Ads
AdWords
Advertising
2007
jun
Mashup Editor
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2007
may
Shared Stuff
Google Accounts
Chrome&Apps
2007
sept
Gears
Google Chrome
Chrome&Apps
2007
may
TV Ads
Google TV
Youtube& Video
2007
dec
Knowledge
2007
dec
Photos Screensaver
Picasa
Chrome&Apps
2007
march
Google Profile
Google+
Chrome&Apps
2007
dec
Google Sky
Geo&Commerce
Geo & Commerce
2007
august
OpenSocial
Google Developers
Chrome&Apps
2007
June
Web History
Google Accounts
Chrome&Apps
2007
april
Google Street View
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2007
may
Crisis Response
Google.Org
Google.Org
2007
march
Google for Nonprofit
Google.Org
Google.Org
2007
feb
Experimental Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2007
jan
Google Search for Android
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2007
jan
Google Lively
Mobile & Digital Content
Mobile& Digital Content
2008
july
Google Search Wiki
Google Search
Knowledge
2008
nov
Knol
Product Name
Product Engaged
Google Health
Google Apps
Voice Search
Google Voice Local Search
Main Department
Launch Year
Month
2008 Google Voice
2008
Google App Engine
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2008
april
Google Friend Connect
Google Business Solutions, Google Apps, Webmaster tools, AdSense
Chrome&Apps
2008
may
Google Insights for Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2008
august
"Google Ad Manager
Google Business Solutions , DoubleClick
Chrome&Apps
2008
aug
Google Alerts
Gmail
Chrome&Apps
2008
oct
Google Chrome OS
Google Chrome
Chrome&Apps
2008
sept
Google Site Search
Google Business Solutions , Google Custom Search
Knowledge
2008
Google Sites (Jotspot) Google Accounts
Chrome&Apps
2008
feb
Google Map Maker
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2008
june
Suggest
Google Search
Knowledge
2008
august
Google Play
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content
2008
october
Google Dictionary
Google Translate
Chrome&Apps
2009
dec
Real Estate
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2009
july
Google PowerMeter
Google.Org
Google.Org
2009
oct
Google Fast Flip
Google News
Knowledge
2009
Google Sidewiki
Google Search
Knowledge
2009
sept
Squared
Google Search
Knowledge
2009
jun
Google Wave
Mobile & Digital Content
Mobile& Digital Content
2009
may
Google Listen
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2009
aug
Google Building Maker
Google Earth
Geo & Commerce
2009
october
Google Merchant Center
Google Business Solutions, Google Shopping
Chrome&Apps
2009
September
Google Sync
Google Account
Chrome&Apps
2009
feb
Google Voice
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2009
march
Picasa Web Albums Uploader
Picasa
Chrome&Apps
2009
City Tours
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2009
jun
Maps Navigation
Google Maps, Google Mobile
Geo & Commerce
2009
october
Google Fusion Tables
Google Drive, Google Search
Mobile& Digital Content
2009
june
Google Go
Google Code
Mobile& Digital Content
2009
november
Boutiques
Google Shopping
Google Shopping
Advertising
2010
445
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Product Name
Product Engaged
Main Department
Launch Year
Google Buzz
Gmail
Chrome&Apps
2010
Month
Geo & Commerce
2010
nov
Slide.com
Picasa
Chrome&Apps
2010
august
Page Speed
Google Developers
Chrome&Apps
2010
Zygote Body(Google Body)
Geo&Commerce
Geo&Commerce
2010
Angular JS
Google Code
Mobile& Digital Content 2010
Hotpot
Google Places
dec
Goo.gl
Google Analytics
Mobile& Digital Content 2010
sept
Google Goggles
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content 2010
october
Google Refine
Google Code()
Mobile& Digital Content 2010
november
Nexus
Google Mobile, Android
Mobile& Digital Content 2010
january
Google +
Google+
Chrome&Apps
jun
2011
Correlate
Google Trends
Knowledge
2011
may
Google Hotel Finder
Google Search, Google Maps
Knowledge
2011
july
Google Schemer
Google Search, Google Maps
Knowledge
2011
december
Chromebook
Google Mobile, Google Chrome
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
Chromebox
Google Mobile, Google Chrome
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
may
Dart
Google Code
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
oct
Google Currents
Google Mobile, Android
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
dec
Google Music
Google Play
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
november
Google Offers
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
may
Google Swiffy
Google Code
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
june
Google Wallet()
Android
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
may
Mobilizer
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
july
Shopper
Android
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
feb
Web Fonts
Webmaster Tools
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
july
Frommer's
Zagat, Google
Knowledge
2012
august
Google Drive()
Google Apps, Google Goggles
Chrome&Apps
2012
April
Google Enterprise Search Appliance
Google Business Solutions
Chrome&Apps
2012
oct
Google Trusted Stores Google Business Solutions, Google Shopping
2012
Translator Toolkit
Google Translate
2012
Google Maps Coordinate
Google Maps, Google Earth
Geo & Commerce
2012
Knowledge Graph
Google Search
Knowledge
2012
Field Trip
Android
Mobile& Digital Content 2012
Google Now
Android
Mobile& Digital Content 2012
Project Glass
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content 2013
Google Hangouts
Chrome&Apps
2013
Append覺x B: Google DISCONTINUED PRODUCTS
Product Name
Product Engaged
Main Department
Discontinua- Month tion Year
Google Answers
Google Search
Knowledge
2006
University Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2007
447 oct
Knowledge
2007
feb
AdWords#Google Click-to-Call
AdWords
Advertising
2007
july
Zeitgeist
Google Search
Knowledge
2007
may
Mobile& Digital Content 2007
nov
Public Service Search
Notebook
Google Custom Search
Google Drive
Related Links
Webmaster Tools
Mobile& Digital Content 2007
april
Hello
Picasa
Chrome&Apps
2008
may
Google Browser Sync
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2008
Geo & Commerce
2008
Knowledge
2008 2008
Google Page Creator Search Mash
Google Sites Google Search
/Joga Bonito
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
Google Lively
Mobile & Digital Content
Mobile& Digital Content 2008
Catalogs
Google Shopping
Advertising
2009
Google Base
Google Business Solutions, Google Shopping
Chrome&Apps
2009
Web Accelerator
Google Search
Knowledge
2009
Google Maps#Google Ride Finder
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2009
Audio Ads
AdWords
Advertising
2009
Mashup Editor
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2009
nov march dec
jan
Shared Stuff
Google Accounts
Chrome&Apps
2009
march
Google Search Wiki
Google Search
Knowledge
2010
march
Google Sets
Google Drive, Google Search
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
Google Directory
Google Search
Knowledge
2011
Google Pack
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2011
Google News Archive
Google News
Knowledge
2011
Gears
Google Chrome
Chrome&Apps
2011
Google Health
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2011
Chrome&Apps
2011
Voice Search
Google Voice Local Search
Google App Engine
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2011
Google Dictionary
Google Translate
Chrome&Apps
2011
Google Fast Flip
Google News
Knowledge
2011
august
sept
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Product Name
Product Engaged
Main Department
Discontinua- Month tion Year
//Google PowerMeter Google.Org
Google.Org
2011
sept
//Google Sidewiki
Google Search
Knowledge
2011
dec
//Google Wave
Mobile & Digital Content
Mobile& Digital Content 2011
nov
//Real Estate
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
//Squared
Google Search
Knowledge
2011
2011
feb
//Boutiques
Google Shopping
Advertising
2011
//Google Buzz
Gmail
Chrome&Apps
2011
Geo & Commerce
2011
//Google Trends#Google Music Trends
Google Trends
Knowledge
2012
//Google Mini
Google Search
Knowledge
2012
Google Video()
Google Apps
Chrome&Apps
2012
//Hotpot
Google Places
Mobile& Digital Content
2012
Google sketchup()
Google Earth
Chrome&Apps
2012
//TV Ads
Google TV
Youtube& Video
2012
Google Friend Connect
Google Business Solutions, Google Apps, Webmaster tools, AdSense
Chrome&Apps
2012
Google Insights for Search
Google Search
Knowledge
2012
//Google Listen
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2012
//Slide.com
Picasa
Chrome&Apps
2012
Google Latitude
Google Maps, Google Mobile
Geo & Commerce
2013
Google Reader
Google News
Knowledge
2013
//Google Docs
Google Drive
2012
Knol
2013
google talk //Google Checkout
Google Wallet, Google Business Solutions
Chrome&Apps
2013
Google Building Maker
Google Earth
Geo & Commerce
2013
Frommer's
Zagat, Google
//Google Code Search Google Code
Knowledge
2013
Mobile& Digital Content
2013
Appendıx C: Google acquısıtıons Acquisition NAME
Product Engaged
Main Department
Year of Acquisition
Deja
Gmail
Chrome&Apps
2001
Outride
Google Search
Knowledge
2001
Applied Semantics
AdWords
Advertising
2003
Sprinks
AdSense
Advertising
2003
Kaltix
iGoogle
Chrome&Apps
2003
Neotonic Software
Gmail
Chrome&Apps
2003
Pyra Labs
Blogger
Chrome&Apps
2003
Genius Labs
Blogger
Chrome&Apps
2003
Picasa
Picasa, Blogger
Chrome&Apps
2004
Ignite Logic
Google Sites
Geo & Commerce
2004
Keyhole, Inc
Google Maps, Google Earth
Geo & Commerce
2004
Where2
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2004
ZipDash
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2004
Dodgeball
Geo&Commerce
Chrome&Apps
2005
allPAY GmbH
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content
2005
Android
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2005
bruNET GmbH
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content
2005
Reqwireless
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content
2005
Skia
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2005
Urchin Software Corporation
Google Analytics
Mobile& Digital Content
2005
dMarc Broadcasting
AdSense
Advertising
2006
Neven Vision Germany GmbH
Picasa, Google Goggles
Chrome&Apps
2006
@Last Software
Google Sketchup
Geo & Commerce
2006
Endoxon
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2006
JotSpot
Google Sites
Geo & Commerce
2006
Orion
Google Search
Knowledge
2006
Measure Map
Google Analytics
Mobile& Digital Content
2006
Upstartle
Google Drive
//Writely YouTube
Google Drive YouTube
Mobile& Digital Content
2006
Mobile& Digital Content
2006
Youtube& Video
2006
Jaiku
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content
2007
Adscape
AdSense
Advertising
2007
DoubleClick
AdSense
Advertising
2007
GrandCentral
Google Voice
Chrome&Apps
2007
Month
449
March
aa drl . synapse thesis project
Acquisition NAME
Product Engaged
Main Department
Year of Acquisition
GreenBorder
Google Chrome
Chrome&Apps
2007
Marratech
Google Talk
Chrome&Apps
2007
Panoramio
Panoramio
Chrome&Apps
2007
Postini
Gmail
Chrome&Apps
2007
PeakStream
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2007
Tonic Systems
Google Drive
Mobile& Digital Content
2007
Trendalyzer
Google Analytics
Mobile& Digital Content
2007
Zenter
Google Drive
Mobile& Digital Content
2007
Zingku
Google Mobile
Mobile& Digital Content
2007
TNC
Blogger
Chrome&Apps
2008
Omnisio
YouTube
Youtube& Video
2008
AdMob
DoubleClick, Invite Media
Advertising
2009
Teracent
AdSense
Advertising
2009
Gizmo5
Google Talk
Chrome&Apps
2009
AppJet
Google Wave, Google Drive
Mobile& Digital Content
2009
reCAPTCHA
Google Books
Mobile& Digital Content
2009
On2
WebM, YouTube
Youtube& Video
2009
//Aardvark
Aardvark
Knowledge
2010
Invite Media
DoubleClick
Advertising
2010
Jambool
Google+, Orkut
Chrome&Apps
2010
LabPixies
iGoogle, Android
Chrome&Apps
2010
Phonetic Arts
Google Voice, Google Translate
Chrome&Apps
2010
Picnik
Picasa
Chrome&Apps
2010
Plannr
Google+
Chrome&Apps
2010
reMail
Gmail
Chrome&Apps
2010
Slide.com
Google+, Orkut
Chrome&Apps
2010
Quiksee
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2010
Angstro
Google, Google Alert
Knowledge
2010
Like.com
Knowledge
2010
Metaweb
Google Search
Knowledge
2010
Ruba.com
Knowledge
2010
SocialDeck, Inc.
Google, Google+
Knowledge
2010
Agnilux
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2010
Month
Acquisition NAME
Product Engaged
Main Department
Year of Acquisition
BlindType
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2010
BumpTop
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2010
DocVerse
Google Drive
Mobile& Digital Content
2010
PlinkArt
Google Goggles
Mobile& Digital Content
2010
Simplify Media
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2010
Zetawire
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2010
Episodic
YouTube
Youtube& Video
2010
Widevine Technologies
Google TV
Youtube& Video
2010
Admeld
DoubleClick, Invite Media
Advertising
2011
DailyDeal
Google Offers
Advertising
2011
Dealmap
Google Offers
Advertising
2011
Punchd
Google Offers
Advertising
2011
Zave Networks
Google Offers
Advertising
2011
Fridge
Google+
Chrome&Apps
2011
Katango
Google+
Chrome&Apps
2011
SayNow
Google Voice
Chrome&Apps
2011
SocialGrapple
Google+
Chrome&Apps
2011
Zagat
Google Places, Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2011
Apture
Google Search
Knowledge
2011
PostRank
Knowledge
2011
PushLife
Knowledge
2011
Sparkbuy
Google Search
Knowledge
2011
Zynamics
Knowledge
2011
Clever Sense
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2011
eBook Technologies
Google Books
Mobile& Digital Content
2011
Motorola Mobility
Android, Google TV, Patent portfolio
Mobile& Digital Content
2011
PittPatt
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2011
TalkBin
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2011
fflick
YouTube
Youtube& Video
2011
Green Parrot Pictures
YouTube
Youtube& Video
2011
Next New Networks
YouTube
Youtube& Video
2011
RightsFlow
YouTube
Youtube& Video
2011
SageTV
GoogleTV
Youtube& Video
2011
Incentive Targeting Inc.
Google Offers
Advertising
2012
Month
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aa drl . synapse thesis project
Acquisition NAME
Product Engaged
Main Department
Year of Acquisition
Month
Meebo
Google+
Chrome&Apps
2012
Milk, Inc
Google+
Chrome&Apps
2012
Sparrow
Gmail
Chrome&Apps
2012
TxVia
Google Wallet
Chrome&Apps
2012
ImageAmerica
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2012
Nik Software, Inc.
Google, Android
Knowledge
2012
VirusTotal.com
Knowledge
2012
Wildfire Interactive
Google, Google+
Knowledge
2012
BufferBox
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2012
Quickoffice
Google Drive
Mobile& Digital Content
2012
Viewdle
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2012
Mobile& Digital Content
2012
Advertising
2013
WIMM Labs
Android
Channel Intelligence DNNresearch Inc.
Google, Google X
Knowledge
2013
Talaria Technologies
Google Cloud[disambiguation needed]
Mobile& Digital Content
2013
March
Behavio
Google Now
Mobile& Digital Content
2013
april
Wavii
Google Knowledge Graph
Knowledge
2013
april
Makani Power
Google X
Knowledge
2013
may
Waze
Google Maps
Geo & Commerce
2013
jun
Bump
Android
Mobile& Digital Content
2013
sept
Appendıx D: survey
A Day in Google Hi! We are SYNAPSE; A group of 4 architects (and students), doing a Master in the Architectural Association, London, called “Design Research Lab”. For our final project, we are working to design an hypothetical future office for Google, in Silicon Valley. To design spaces, we need to determine the patterns of work and life in the office, and we need some help from Googlers. We would be really happy if you could contribute by answering anonymously this 5-minutes questionnaire, and be part of the synapse! Thank you! * Required 1. What is your role in Google? * (Analyst, Software Engineer, Executive etc.) This is a required question 2.Which department/team are you working in? * 3.What would be the typical day in Google for you? Your daily schedule basically... * (ex: Arriving at the office at 9am, working on the task from 9-12, coffee break at 4 etc.) 4.Where would be the best place to meet new Googlers in the office? o Restaurant/ Caffeteria o Microkitchens o Meeting Rooms o Working area o Game Rooms/Lounges o Educational/Seminar Spaces o Gym o Outdoor facilities o Other: 5.Do you spend any extra hours in the office, other than the normal working hours? o Yes o No 6.If yes, how often would it be, and for how long? 7.Does the 70%, 20% time rule apply to you? * (could be the 80%,%20 rule as well;80% for given projects, 20% for projects for interests o Yes o No 8.If yes, when do you usually use your 20% time? (ex: daily, weekly, in the afternoons etc.) 9.Do you usually move in the office daily; to other departments, teams or buildings?
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bibliography
01 Myerson, Jeremy and Ross, Philip, Space to work, New Office Design, Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2006. 02 van Meel, Jurian and Martens, Yuri and van Ree Hermen Jan, Planning office spaces,a practical guid for managers and designers, Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2010 03 Ă balos, IĂąaki and Herreros, Juan, Tower and Office, From Modernist Theory to Contemporary Practice, the MIT Press, 2003 04 Futagawa, Yukio, GA 10 Contemporary Architecture : Office 1, ADA Editors,Japan, 2007 05 Duffy, Francis and Powell, Keneth, The New Office, Conran Octopus Ltd : 1st edition, 1997. 06 Myerson, Jeremy and Ross, Phillip, The 21st Century Office, Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2005. 07 Antonelli, Paola and Riley, Terence (ed.), Workspheres: Design and Contemporary Work Styles, The Museum of Modern Art, New York : 1St Edition edition, 2002. 08 Hardy, Bridget and Graham, Richard and Stansall, Paul and White, Alison and Harrison, Andrew and Bell, Adryan and Hutton, Les, Working Beyond Walls - The government workplace as an agent of change, DEGW/Office of Government Commerce, 2008.
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09 Spuybroek, Lars, NOX : Machining Architecture, Thames and Hundson, 2004 10 Davis, Anthony (ed.), Official Architecture and Planning : The Office, Architecture and Planning Publications Ltd. , Volume 33, Number 4, 1970. 11 Steel, Brett (ed.), Corporate Fields : New Office Rnvironments by AA DRL, Architectural Association Publications, 2005.
WEBSITE REFERENCES
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/8027168/Googlecelebrates-12th-birthday-a-timeline.html http://www.webpagefx.com/blog/internet/ history-of-google-acquisitions-infographic/ http://www.cybernetikz.com/blog/ google-products-infographic-design/ http://www.minterest.org/60-google-products-services-youprobably-dont-know/?ModPagespeed=noscript http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Google_products https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/ http://googleforstudents.blogspot.co.uk/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Google http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/ data/1288776/000119312507044494/dex2101.htm Branches : nature’s Patterns: a taperstry in three parts Author BALL, Philip.
http://www.carusostjohn.com/media/artscouncil/paradigms/ archipelago/ http://royal.pingdom.com/2010/02/24/ google-facts-and-figures-massive-infographic/
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image REFERENCES
Image 04 : http://www.cravenherald.co.uk/nostalgia/nostalgia_ history/9317798.A_picture_of_farming_life_in_Craven_in_18th_ Century/ Image 05 : http://www.heritagedaily.com/2012/04/ rage-against-the-machine/33180 Image 06 : http://www.reelgood.com.au/jacques-tati-playtime-1967/ Image 07 : http://www.vlib.us/web/worldwideweb3d.html Image 08 : http://mubi.com/films/playtime Image 09 : http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/soane-and-boullee/ deck/1608056 Image 10 : http://www.bu.edu/av/ah/fall2008/ah382/lecture23/Picture30.jpg Image 11 : http://www.gahetna.nl/collectie/afbeeldingen/ fotocollectie/zoeken/weergave/detail/q/id/ af4d2cb0-d0b4-102d-bcf8-003048976d84 Image 13: http://www.nielstorp.no/?gallery=sas-headquarters Image 14: http://www.tengbom.se/en-US/projects/140/ the-canon-building-in-satra
Image 15 : http://entropie.canalblog.com/archives/2007/07/18/5650120.html 459 Image 16 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lloyd%27s_building_from_ Leadenhall_Street.jpg Image 17 : http://www.novartis.com/newsroom/media-library/baselheadquarters.shtml Image 18 : http://www.arthitectural.com/ zaha-hadid-architects-bmw-central-building/ Image 19 : http://archive.metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/565/art.asp Image 20 : http://www.designboom.com/contemporary/nonstandard.html Image 21 : http://www.slashgear.com/google-data-center-hd-photos-hitwhere-the-internet-lives-gallery-17252451/
aa drl . synapse thesis project
google campus project
team : synapse Irem Dokmeci (Turkey) Dimitra Pavlakou (Greece) Dimitra Tampaki (Greece) Angel Tenorio (Peru)
master tutor: patrik schumacher tutor assistant: pierandrea angius
drl agenda: behavioural complexities brief: parametric semiology
Architectural Association Inc. MArch Design Research Laboratory (DRL) 2012-2014
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Synapse Final Jury [January 23th 2014] With Jeff Kipnisw, Mark Cousins, Zaha Hadid, Patrik Schumacher, Mark Foster Gage, Michael Hassenmayer, Albert Taylor, Theodore Spyropoulus, Rob Stuart Smith, Shajay Booshan.
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Synapse Dinner [January 28th 2014] With Melheim sfeir, giorgos pasisis, camila degli esposti, doguscan aladag, maria alejandra rojas, tahel shaar, delfina bocca, jose garcia
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