Abstract Art by Linlin Song

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Website Designed by Linlin Song

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Website Designed by Linlin Song

CONTENTS The term abstract art can be applied to art that is based an object, figure or landscape, where forms have been simplified or schematised to create an abstracted version of it.

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Research 1

The Cut-Outs

Henri Matisse

In the late 1940s, Henri Matisse turned almost exclusively to cut paper as his primary medium, and scissors as his chief implement, introducing a radically new operation that came to be called a cut-out. Matisse would cut painted sheets into forms of varying shapes and sizes—from the vegetal to the abstract—which he then arranged into lively compositions, striking for their play with color and contrast, their exploitation of decorative strategies, and their economy of means. Initially, these compositions were of modest size but, over time, their scale grew along with Matisse’s ambitions for them, expanding into mural or room-size works. A brilliant final chapter in Matisse’s long career, the cut-outs reflect both a renewed commitment to form and color and an inventiveness directed to the status of the work of art, whether as a unique object, environment, ornament, or a hybrid of all of these. The Cut-Outs is a groundbreaking reassessment of this important body of work. The largest and most extensive presentation of the cut-outs ever mounted, the exhibition includes approximately 100 cut-outs—borrowed from public and private collections around the globe—along with a selection of related drawings, prints, illustrated books, stained glass, and textiles. The last time New York audiences were treated to an in-depth look at the cut-outs was in 1961. www.moma.org

The Snail—Henri Matisse Original Title: L’escargot Date: 1953 Style: Abstract Art Media: Gouache, paper Dimensions: 287 x 286 cm Location: Tate Modern, London, UK

Research 2

Wassily Kandinsky

Kandinsky, himself an accomplished musician, once said Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the harmonies, the soul is the piano with many strings. The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another, to cause vibrations in the soul. The concept that color and musical harmony are linked has a long history, intriguing scientists such as Sir Isaac Newton. Kandinsky used color in a highly theoretical way associating tone with timbre (the sound’s character), hue with pitch, and saturation with the volume of sound. He even claimed that when he saw color he heard music. Looking at a painting such as this requires an approach fundamentally different from that of traditional figurative art. A good starting point is to stand close so that the colors and forms fill the field of vision. Relaxing the eye and mind allows what is seen to reach the part of the brain that responds to music. Analysis and attempts to read it as a design destroy its impact.

Composition VIII —Kandinsky Wassily Date: 1923 Style: Abstract Art Media: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 140 x 201 cm Location: Guggenheim Museum, New York

“Black is like the silence of the body after death, the close of life”

Ironically, Kandinsky’s work moved in a direction that was of much greater abstraction than that which was pioneered by the Impressionists. It was not long before his talent surpassed the constraints of art school and he began exploring his own ideas of painting - “I applied streaks and blobs of colors onto the canvas with a palette knife and I made them sing with all the intensity I could...” Now considered to be the founder of abstract art, his work was exhibited throughout Europe from 1903 onwards, and often caused controversy among the public, the art critics, and his contemporaries. An active participant in several of the most influential and controversial art movements of the 20th century, among them the Blue Rider which he founded along with Franz Marc and the Bauhaus which also attracted Klee, Lyonel Feininger (18711956), and Schonberg, Kandinsky continued to further express and define his form of art, both on canvas and in his theoretical writings. His reputation became firmly established in the United State s through numerous exhbitions and his work was introduced to Solomon Guggenheim, who became one of his most enthusiastic supporters.

Wassily Kandinsky www.ibiblio.org

Jackson Pollock Research 3

Bind Spots In 1965 art historian Michael Fried remarked that Pollock’s black pourings saw him ‘on the verge of an entirely new and different kind of painting of virtually limitless potential’. After nearly four years of colourful, decorative, non-figurative paintings, Pollock felt compelled to return to the origins of his art. He needed to reinvigorate his practice during a personally difficult period in his life and the representational style of his black pourings, including the emergence of human figures and faces, signalled a major change of direction in Pollock’s style. His shift in technique also anticipated the arrival of colour field painting that followed in the mid-1950s to early 1960s; characterised by large areas of a more or less flat single colour it was found in the work of artists including Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Louis and Jules Olitski.

The black pourings were first exhibited at Betty Parsons Gallery, New York in 1951, with another collection shown at Sidney Janis Gallery, New York in 1952. Jackson Pollock: Blind Spots will be the largest gathering of these works in a public institution and the most significant showing since their 1980 presentation at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston. An accompanying catalogue will include scholarly texts on Pollock’s practice with new essays by Jo Applin, University of York, Gavin Delahunty, Dallas Museum of Art, Michael Fried, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA and Stephanie Straine, Tate Liverpool. www.mymagicalattic.blogspot.com/

Summertime: Number 9A —Jackson Pollock Date: 1948 Style: Abstract Art Media: Oil and ink on canvas

Research 4 The Evolution of Pure Abstract Paintings Piet Mondrian was a famous abstract painter, born in the Netherlands in 1872. His most recognized works are abstract paintings of colored squares, rectangles, and thick black lines, some of which you’ll see farther down. Mondrian didn’t start out painting squares and rectangles—growing up during the tail end of Impressionism, Piet Mondrian’s first paintings were consistent with that time period, as well as the Postimpressionism of Van Gogh. Later on he also took cues from Braque and Picasso, although he soon formed a very distinct style all his own. In his early paintings, there are several instances of a definite Post-impressionist, emotive use of color. But as Mondrian explored nature his own way, he gradually began to simplify and abstract the colors and shapes that he saw. This process of simplification and reduction would continue until he wasn’t even painting from nature at all. The rise of Cubism also gave Mondrian a means to segment and reduce objects to their most basic forms. Notice the brush strokes in this next painting—it’s about as expressive that way as he’d ever be. Even so, you can see how he’s already using the strokes themselves to form horizontal rectangles and lines near the bottom of the painting. And at this early stage of his artistic development there’s even an inkling of his future geometric abstracts in the dark black lines and almost completely non-representational images. With additional experimentation, a sense of structure began to assert itself through his paintings. More horizontal and vertical lines appeared, with the occasional curves and diagonals. Later on, of course, Mondrian wouldn’t have anything to do with lines that weren’t straight.

Piet Mondrian

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Piet Mondrian Date: 1913 Style: Abstract Art Media: Oil on Canvas

The Great Wall —Guanzhong Wu Date: 1988 Style: Abstract Art Media: Ink and color on paper

Research 5 Wu Guanzhong Art is like a kite. You have to pull the string hard in order to stretch it to its limit, but you don’t want to pull it so hard that you break the thread, because the thread connects you to the land and its peoples. One of modern China’s leading artists, Wu, who has died aged 90, was born into a peasant family in a village near Yixing, in the east-coast province of Jiangsu, where his father was head of the primary school. In his teens he was training to be an electrical engineer when he met Chu Teh Chun, then studying art under Lin Fengmian at the Academy of Art in Hangzhou, to the south. He transferred to that delectable lakeside institution, where his talent blossomed under Lin’s guidance. When war came in 1937, Wu moved with the school to the far west – first to Yunnan, then to Chongqing, the wartime capital, where Lin, who had spent several years in France, fired his most gifted students with a longing to go there. Wu, Chu and the equally gifted Zhao Wuji set about learning French, and by 1948 they were settled in Paris. Wu, a favourite student of Jean Souverbie, felt increasingly cut off from his roots until, after agonising heart-searching, he returned to Beijing, leaving Chu and Zhao to flourish as major figures in the art world of Paris.

Wu Guanzhong

ww.theguardian.com

Name: Andrew Age: 38 Occupation: Artist

Name: Ann Age: 17 Occupation: Student

I use my brush to express my mind. It is the most quick and direct way to show my soul.

I love abstract art. I feel free when I see Kandinsky’s works.

OPINION Art are originated from game which means that art is to create a form of appearance for the purpose of the aesthetic freedom of the game. “Freedom” is the essence of artistic activity, it is not subject to any utilitarian purposes, people only in a spiritual game to completely get rid of practical and utilitarian bondage, so as to obtain real freedom. The modern art is the real art which expresses the artist’s deepest inner. They create new methods and break the traditional rules to show their works. Actually, people are confuse when the see the modern art. They can not understand the meaning of abstract art works. In the website they will learn the background of the works they like. People also can find more excellent inspirations from this website. CONTENT The website is used to introduce abstract art works from background, meaning, creative methods and purpose. Also, it will public famous speeches and the audience can come to attend this activity or only look the videos. In this website, it promotes new artistes and their works. People can buy related art book from this website or some other products. TARGET AUDIENCE Artist, Student, Teacher, Children

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Preview page Shows the information of different categories. At the beginning of this website, it will public news which audience can know the new event. Mondrian Piet Mondrian was a famous abstract painter, born in the Netherlands in 1872. His most recognized works are abstract paintings of colored squares, rectangles, and thick black lines, some of which you’ll see farther down. REVOLUTION

This category introduce modern art history. The audience can learn the main leader of modern art and the difference between modern art and traditional art. FREEDOM In this part will introduce the methods to create abstract art. According to several different materials using, it has four parts such as oil, water color, paper cutting and installation. INSPIRATION Artist can find excellent art work which inspire them to recreate their own work. Inspiration not only shows master’s work, it also display creative works from people who is not famous. NEW BLOOD Introduce new artists to the visitor. The artist comes from different museums, who has exhibited works in the museum. In this website will promote the new artist’s work and introduce them to the visitor. EXPRESSION The visitor can buy related art products here. In this part, it will shows books, videos or other little items. CONTACT If visitor has any question, they can find lots of information here.

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Piet Mondrian was a famous abstract painter, born in the Netherlands in 1872. His most recognized works are abstract paintings of colored squares, rectangles, and thick black lines, some of which you’ll see farther down. Of course Mondrian didn’t start out painting squares and rectangles—growing up during the tail end of Impressionism, Piet Mondrian’s first paintings were consistent with that time period, as well as the Post-impressionism of Van Gogh Later on he also took cues from Braque and Picasso, although he soon formed a very distinct style all his own. In his early paintings, there are several instances of a definite Post-impressionist, emotive use of color. This canvas presents the viewer with the culmination in Mondrian’s life-long pursuit of conveying the order that underlies the natural world through purely abstract forms on a flat picture plane. Broadening the use of his basic pictorial vocabulary of lines, squares and primary colors, the black grid has been replaced by lines of color interspersed with blocks of solid color. This, and his other late abstract paintings, show a new, revitalized energy that was directly inspired by the vitality of New York City and the tempo of jazz music. The asymmetrical distribution of the brightly colored squares within the yellow lines echoes the varied pace of life in the bustling metropolis, one can almost see the people hurrying down the sidewalk as taxi cabs hustle from stop-light to stop-light. Broadway Boogie-Woogie not only alludes to life within the city, but also heralds New York’s developing role as the new center of modern art after World War II. Mondrian’s last complete painting, demonstrates his continued stylistic innovation while remaining true to his theories and format.

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MONDRIAN Piet Mondrian was a famous abstract painter, born in the Netherlands in 1872. His most recognized works are abstract paintings of colored squares, rectangles, and

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The word abstract strictly speaking means to separate or withdraw something from something. Abstract art is art which is not representational, it could be based on a subject or may have no source at all in the external world.

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Site Plan Preview Panel Site intro, abstract art intro, new blood, exploration, shop, about us Home page Abstract art leader is an excellent website which can lead you to understand abstract art works. When you go to attend an exhibition and don’t know any information about art works, this website will be a good choice to find related information. Abstract art The word abstract strictly speaking means to separate or withdraw something from something else. Abstract art is art which is not representational, it could be based on a subject or may have no source at all in the external world. The term abstract art can be applied to art that is based an object, figure or landscape, where forms have been simplified or schematised to create an abstracted version of it. Cubist and fauvist artists depended on the visual world for their subject matter but opened the door for more extreme approaches to abstraction. The term is also applied to art that uses forms, such as geometric shapes or gestural marks, which have no source at all in an external visual reality. Some artists of this ‘pure’ abstraction have preferred terms such as concrete art or non-objective art, but in practice the word abstract is used across the board and the distinction between the two is not always obvious. Development The term is also applied to art that uses forms, such as geometric shapes or gestural marks, which have no source at all in an external visual reality. Some artists of this ‘pure’ abstraction have preferred terms such as concrete art or non-objective art, but in practice the word abstract is used across the board and the distinction between the two is not always obvious. Artists Kazimir Malevich was the founder of the artistic and philosophical school of Suprematism, and his ideas about forms and meaning in art would eventually constitute the theoretical underpinnings of non-objective, or abstract, art. Malevich worked in a variety of styles, but his most important and famous works concentrated on the exploration of pure geometric forms (squares, triangles, and circles) and their relationships to each other and within the pictorial space. Because of his contacts in the West, Malevich was able to transmit his ideas about painting to his fellow artists in Europe and the United States, thus profoundly influencing the evolution of modern art. Art works intro So, what is the big deal about Malevich’s Black Square? You may have heard about it having ‘mystical ways’ or swear you saw it referenced on an album cover (either that or it’s following

you, wherever you look), but what is it all about? To help you get to grips with the monochrome modern masterpiece, we caught up with the assistant curator of our major Malevich retrospective, Fiontan Moran, to shed some light on the famous artwork and find out just why the humble square is now so important. He made his intention clear; he wanted to completely abandon depicting reality and instead invent a new world of shapes and forms that belonged exclusively in the realm of art for art’s sake. In his 1927 book The Non-Objective World, he wrote: ‘In the year 1913, trying desperately to free art from the dead weight of the real world, I took refuge in the form of the square.’ The first Black Square (Malevich actually painted not one, but four versions between 1915 and 1930) was (we believe) painted in 1915, although Malevich actually dated it 1913 - maybe with an eye to his legacy as the father of abstraction. In any case, the square’s first appearance was indeed in 1913, as the design for a stage curtain in the futurist opera Victory over the Sun. New blood New artists intro Załuska’s interest lies in her handling of structure and in sounding out its possibilities. Minimal transformations alter the perception of an entire composition. Works intro The stream – in various shades of blue – traverses the vast, deep black terrain and flows into a small pool where heaven meets earth, where the dichotomy is ultimately eliminated. The incessant struggle intrinsic in the notion of contrast, however, does not cause any breach. Exploration Event publish Event intro/ Event works Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in around 1907/08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque who aimed to bring different views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted. Shop Collection favorites from Abstract Art Leader Book/Art works/Others About Us Team members Contact Name, email, message, submit.

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Art for art’s sake–that art should be purely about the creation of beautiful effects. —Tate.com

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Designer:

Linlin Song

Typefaces:

Chronicle Display Verlag

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Red River

Software:

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Software:

GR613_Type Experiments_Spring 2017

Instructor:

Kathrin Blatter