ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
Mor phol ogydes cr i bess t udyofchr onol ogi cal s t r uct ur eofpr oces si n 1 t er msofdes i gn.Thet er mi sbas i cal l yus edf or‘ s ci enceoff or m’i n t hi sf r amewor k .
Ur banmor phol ogyi st hes t udyoft hef or m ofhumans et t l ement s 2 and t he pr oces s of t hei rf or mat i on and t r ans f or mat i on The appr oaches t o ur ban f abr i cs ar es pat i alcomponent s .However , ur ban voi ds al s oi ncl ude geogr aphi calvoi ds i nt hi ss t udy t o under s t andt hepar tofpl anni ngandnat ur al voi ds .
T ype i s cor r es pondi ng t ot he wor d,t ypol ogy ,whi ch us es a cl as s i fi cat i oni nanor derandr epr es ent sawayofunder s t andi ng i ndefi nabl eobj ect s .I nt hi sf r amewor k , weexami nedt ypesasf or ms ofvoi ds .
T ypomor phol ogyi sas s oci at edwi t hur banmor phol ogyi nt er msof 3 cl as s i f yi ngur banel ement sbyt hei rmor phol ogi calchar act er i s t i cs . Bas i ccl as s i fi cat i onf orur banvoi dsasf ol l owsi spl anni ng, f unct i onal & geogr aphi calvoi ds made by mor et han one r es our ces t o di ffer ent i at eandexpl ai nt hevoi dsi nt er msofur bans cal e.Ont he ot herhand,t hi sk i nd ofcl as s i fi cat i on i s notcl eari nt er ms of mor phol ogyt ypesoft hevoi d.Mor phol ogi calchar act er i z at i on of each voi d was ai med t o expl ai ni nt hr ee s ubt i t l es .St ar t i ng by di ffer ent i at i onofnat ur alandhumanmade,i nt er msofbor derand per s pect i veappr oaches .
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
Fi gur e06:Mos queCour t yar d,Shi r az ,I r an
Fi gur e07 :Par adeGr ound,Bat onRouge,Loui s i ana
Fi gur e08:Cl oi s t erSquar e,Cant er bur y ,Engl and
Fi gur e09:Pedes t r i anAl l ey ,Genoa,I t al y
1 . 1 . 1 . 2. THESQUARE Thes quar ei sapr oduct i onofgr oupi nghous es ar oundanopens pace. Thes es ol i dofbui l di ngs f r amest hevoi dt ocr eat eas pat i alpat t er n. The pat t er nt hatal l ows mobi l i t y ofpeopl e.The s quar ei s a modelf ort he cons t r uct i on of numer ousdi ffer entk i ndsofpubl i candpr i vat e s paces .Forexampl e publ i cs pher e as hol y pl acesl i k ef or um, cl oi s t er .I nnercour t yar dasa pr i vat es pher e.Awel l k nownear l i es texampl e oft oday’ s publ i cs quar es orur ban voi di s Gr eek ’ s“ Agor a” .TheAgor awasanopenpl ace i nt he ci t ycent erwher e pol i t i cal ,s oci aland
economi c act i vi t i es t ook pl ace.Wi t h many s hapess quar esal s oevol vedi nt i mei nt er msof s hapes , cont i nui t y and effici ent us e. For s quar esmany s ubt i t l escan be s haped and r efi ned.I nt hi ss t udy ,t he exami nat i on and obs er vat i onwer ebas edonowner s hi poft hes e ur ban s paces as publ i c and pr i vat e mai nl y . Fr om t he poi ntoft hei rdi ffer ences ,pr i vat e s pacesar enamedasi nnercour t yar d.Publ i c s quar esar edi vi dedi nt er msoft hei rt ypol ogi es anddi ffer entus eappr oachess uchas ;f or um, cl oi s t eroramos queyar d.
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
1 . 1 . 1 . 3. GREEN Des pi t e geogr aphi calvoi ds , gr een s paces i ncl ude des i gni ng pr oces s es t hr ough l ands capi ngands uchl i k ei nt er pr et s .Aswi t h manydes i gns t r at egi es ,gr eens pacest ak ean i mpor t antpl acei nt er msofur banandnat ur al dynami csf orpl anni ng. Gr eens pacesal s ohave di ffer ent t ypol ogi es s uch as ;par k s ,gr een cor r i dor sf r om nat ur eand gar densasur ban voi ds .
Ther e can be var i ous appr oaches t ot hes e t er ms .Forpar k s ,i nt er msofhi er ar chi cals i z e or der ,i ti s pos s i bl et o ment i on;s mal ll ocal par k s ,l ocalpar k s ,di s t r i ctpar k s ,met r opol i t an par k s and r egi onal par k s can be l i s t ed. Addi t i onal l y ,t hes egr eenur banvoi dsal s ocan beexami nedt hr oughowner s hi p.Fori ns t ance; publ i c f or mal gar dens ver s us hous ehol d gar den.
Fi gur e1 0:Gr eenCor r i dor ,SanFr anci s co,Cal i f or ni a
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
1 . 2. 1 . 2. UNI NTENTI ONALVOI D
1 . 2. 1 . 2. 1 . UNFUNCTI ONALVOI D
Thes et ypesofvoi dsar e emer gi ng i n ur ban f abr i cwhendes i gni sei t herf ai l edorchanged f ors omer eas ons .Al t houghmos toft het i me t heywer ei nt ended bydes i gner s ,ar chi t ect s , pl anner s , ur ban des i gner s , l ands cape ar chi t ect s ,ors uchl i k et hes epr of es s i onsf r om ot her di s ci pl i nes ,f or mat i on of s t r eet s and s quar eswi t hi nt heur banpat t er noft r adi t i onal ci t i es pr oves t hat des i gned voi ds do not neces s ar i l yhavet obepr oduct sofdes i gner s . Event hought heyar es t i l l i nt ent i onal . I ft her ei s an i nt ent i onalact i ont ogener at evoi ds ,t hey coul d becons i der ed des i gned,ordel i ber at e. However ,i ft her ei snoi nt ent i ont ogener at e voi dsal t hought heys t i l lappear ,t heycanbe defi nedas“ uni nt ent i onal voi ds ” .Thati swhyi n t hi scas e,t hef r amewor ks ur r ender edar ound t het er m of( Un) f unct i onal voi ds .
Funct i onalvoi ds ar e defi ned as s omet hi ng negat i vet hati ncl udest er mss uchas ;l ef t over , dead s pace, r es i dual s pace and mor e. However , f unct i oni sat er m of‘ us e’ i npl anni ng s t udi es .Ther ef or e;t he f ur t her expl anat i on madet hr oughanew appr oach:( Un) f unct i onal voi ds .Thes evoi dsar edef uncts paceswhi ch ar e unus ed, under us ed or bet t er us abl e condi t i oned phys i calvoi ds .The r eas on f or t hes ei s s uescanbedi ffer entf r om oneanot her . For i ns t ance; economi c decl i ne, l ack of i nves t ment ,s ur pl usofpos t–i ndus t r i al vacant l and,anddepopul at i ngnei ghbor hoodscanbe t hecaus eoft hechangeofus e.
Fi gur e1 1 :Unf unct i onal Voi d,I dl i b,Syr i a
Fi gur e1 2: AbondenedAr ea,Or adour s ur Gl aneNbhd. ,Fr ance
Fi gur e1 3: AbondenedAr ea,Manhat t an,Uni t edSt at esofAmer i ca
Fi gur e1 4: AbondenedAr ea,Has hi maI s l and,Japan
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
Fi gur e20:Per i pher i esofBer l i n
2. 4. PERI PHERY The t er m ofper i pher y des i gnat est he out er edges ofa ci t y ,wher et he ci t y ends and s omet hi ngel s ebegi ns .Theyal s oi l l us t r at et he nonr es pect abl e ar eas l i k e t he f ol l owi ng exampl es :s l ums ,r edl i ghtdi s t r i ct s ,s k i dr ows , s k at e par k s , beds i tl ands ,r ai l way yar ds , canal s i depat hs .Per i pher i esar evi s i bl ei nci t y s cal e, i n ot her wor ds ,f r om bi r d eye per s pect i ve.
2. 5. BUFFERZONE Bufferz one i s a pecul i ar ,empt ys pace,or r at heravi ol ent l yempt i ed s pacei nt er msof ur banvoi d.Ther ef or e,t heyar eeffici ent l yus ed f ort hepol i t i calt er msi nt heci t ys cal ewher e t he z one i s empt i ed becaus e of pol i t i cal r eas ons . Cypr usbufferz onei sagoodexampl e t ounder s t andt hel ogi coft hi st ypeofvoi dand beacus e ofno t r as pas s es ,t hey ar e al s o an exampl eofnonflui ds paces .
Fi gur e21 :Bu erZone,Cypr us
Fi gur e22:Not r es s pas sbu erz oneofCypr us
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
Fi gur e01 :Dhanmondi Lak e,Dhak a,Bangl ades h Fi gur e02:Fi gur eGr aundofAvenuedesChampsEl ys ees ,Fr ance Fi gur e03:Cent r al Boul evar d,Par i s ,Fr ance Fi gur e04:St r eetSpace,NewYor k ,Uni t edSt at esofAmer i ca Fi gur e05:Pedes t r i anAl l ey ,Pr ague, TheCz echRepubl i c Fi gur e06:Mos queCour t yar d,Shi r az ,I r an Fi gur e07 :Par adeGr ound,Bat onRouge,Loui s i ana Fi gur e08:Cl oi s t erSquar e,Cant er bur y ,Engl and Fi gur e09:I nnerCour t yar d,I t al y Fi gur e1 0:Gr eenCor r i dor ,SanFr anci s co,Cal i f or ni a Fi gur e1 1 :Unf unct i onal Voi d,I dl i b,Syr i a Fi gur e1 2: AbondenedAr ea,Or adour s ur Gl aneNbhd. ,Fr ance Fi gur e1 3: AbondenedAr ea,Manhat t an,Uni t edSt at esofAmer i ca Fi gur e1 4: AbondenedAr ea,Has hi maI s l and,Japan Fi gur e1 5:Qxf or ds t r eet ,London Fi gur e1 6:I nf r as t r uct ur al Voi d, Ank ar a, T ur k ey Fi gur e1 7 : T r ans por t at i onal Voi d,Dor as anSt at i on,Sout hKor ea Fi gur e1 8:I nf r as t r uct ur al Voi d,Bei j i ng,Chi na Fi gur e1 9: T r ans por t at i onal Voi d,Muni ch,Ger many Fi gur e20:Per i pher i esofBer l i n Fi gur e21 :Bu erZone,Cypr us Fi gur e22:Not r es s pas sbu erz oneofCypr us Fi gur e23: Al as k anWayVi aduct ,Was hi ngt on,USA Fi gur e24:Per s pect i veSk et ches Fi gur e25:Ur banPat t er nofBer l i n,LondonandNanj i ng Fi gur e26:Macr oScal eOxf or d,London,UK Fi gur e27 :Mez z oScal eOxf or d,London,UK Fi gur e28:Mi cr oScal eOxf or d,London,UK Fi gur e29:Encl os ur eChandBaor i , Raj as t han, I ndi a Fi gur e30:Or der , Al anSchal l erPhot o Fi gur e31 :Rhyt hm andMas s , Ank ar a, T ur k ey Fi gur e32:Fi gur eGr oundofMi l t onKeynes ,Engl and Fi gur e33:Fi gur eGr oundofCanber r a, Aus t r al i a Fi gur e34:Fi gur eGr oundofPal u,I ndones i a Fi gur e35:Gr i dPat t er n,Mi l t onKeynes ,Engl and Fi gur e36:Radi al Cent r i cPat t er n,Canber r a, Aus t r al i a
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
Fi gur e37 :Or gani cPat t er n,Pal u,I ndones i a Fi gur e38:Madi s onSquar e,NewYor k ,USA Fi gur e39:Downt ownGuel ph,Canada Fi gur e40:Downt ownGuel ph,Canada Fi gur e41 :Met uAr chi t ect ur eFacul t y , Ank ar a, T ur k ey
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
Fi gur e01 :ht t ps : / / www. r es ear chgat e. net / fi gur e/ Hat i r j heel Lak eDhanmondi Lak eFi gur eGr oundUr bant i s s ues ampl es of 400x 400mi n_fi g6_265941 623 Fi gur e02:ht t ps : / / geo boei ng. com/ 201 7 / 03/ ur banf or mfi gur egr ound/ par i s _bl dgs / Fi gur e03:ht t ps : / / www. f or bes . com/ s i t es / t amar at hi es s en/ 2020/ 04/ 05/ par i s di ar y20phot os of aci t yi nl ock down/ #1 7 67 be485ed6 Fi gur e04:ht t ps : / / www. nyt i mes . com/ 2020/ 04/ 08/ opi ni on/ cor onavi r us t i ps newyor k s anf r anci s co. ht ml Fi gur e05:ht t ps : / / www. f r eepi k . com/ pr emi umphot o/ nar r ows t r eet pr agueol dt owncz echr epubl i c_8864886. ht m Fi gur e06:ht t ps : / / www. i comos . or g/ en/ medi at heque/ 8459t hemos queof col or s 8459?t mpl =component &pr i nt =1 Fi gur e07 :ht t ps : / / s cot t pel l egr i n. pi xel s . com/ f eat ur ed/ t hepar adegr ounds s epi as cot t pel l egr i n. ht ml Fi gur e08:ht t ps : / / www. fli ck r . com/ phot os / 95849033@N03/ 1 6567 047 7 7 6/ Fi gur e09:ht t ps : / / communi t y . s napwi r e. co/ phot o/ det ai l / 5d91 2e4bee6cf e3d6be87 50e Fi gur e1 0:SanFr anci s coPl anni ng,201 8,SanFr anci s coDes i gnGui del i ne Fi gur e1 1 :Unf unct i onal Voi d,I dl i b,Syr i a Fi gur e1 2:ht t ps : / / www. l onel ypl anet . com/ ar t i cl es / abandonedpl aces ar oundt hewor l dvi s i t Fi gur e1 3:ht t ps : / / www. r es ear chgat e. net / fi gur e/ Aback al l eyi nt heNor t hHar l ems l umcl ear ances i t eThi s back al l eyi s wi deenought o_fi g1 0_27 07 247 51 Fi gur e1 4:ht t ps : / / www. l onel ypl anet . com/ ar t i cl es / abandonedpl aces ar oundt hewor l dvi s i t Fi gur e1 5:ht t ps : / / www. bbc. com/ news / uk engl andl ondon444057 30 Fi gur e1 6:I nf r as t r uct ur al Voi d, Ank ar a, T ur k ey Fi gur e1 7 : T r ans por t at i onal Voi d,Dor as anSt at i on,Sout hKor ea Fi gur e1 8:ht t ps : / / car negi et s i nghua. or g/ 201 9/ 07 / 23/ whyuns us t ai nabl echi nes ei nf r as t r uct ur edeal s ar et woways t r eet pub7 9548 Fi gur e1 9:ht t ps : / / avi at i onvoi ce. com/ wor l ds bes t ai r por t t er mi nal i s i nmuni ch201 7 031 51 7 1 6/ Fi gur e20:ht t ps : / / www. opt i maas . eu/ ?page_i d=5-ht t ps : / / bl ogs . hel s i nk i . fi / hl cn/ ar chi ve/ conf er ence/ Fi gur e21 :ht t ps : / / commons . wi k i medi a. or g/ wi k i / Fi l e: UN_Bu er _Zone_i n_Cypr us . s vg Fi gur e22:ht t ps : / / r omanr obr oek . nl / ar ar evi ewi ns i det hebu er z onei nni cos i acypr us / Fi gur e23: Al as k anWayVi aduct ,Was hi ngt on,USA Fi gur e24:Per s pect i veSk et ches Fi gur e25:ht t ps : / / www. s ci encedi r ect . com/ s ci ence/ ar t i cl e/ abs / pi i / S1 352231 01 7 30359X Fi gur e26:I magef r om Googl eEar t h2020 Fi gur e27 :I magef r om Googl eEar t h2020 Fi gur e28:I magef r om Googl eEar t h2020 Fi gur e29:ht t ps : / / en. wi k i pedi a. or g/ wi k i / Chand_Baor i Fi gur e30:ht t p: / / t endencee. com. br / 201 9/ 09/ f ot ogr af oder uacapt ur aas ol i daodavi daur banaat r aves dal uz edas ombr a/ Fi gur e31 :Aut hor s ’ Phot o Fi gur e33:ht t ps : / / mm. ai i r cdn. com/ 305/ 5b436527 ecded. j pg Fi gur e32:Fi gur eGr oundofCanber r a, Aus t r al i a Fi gur e34:ht t ps : / / www. nyt i mes . com/ i nt er act i ve/ 201 8/ 1 0/ 02/ wor l d/ as i a/ i ndones i at s unami ear l ywar ni ngs ys t em. ht ml Fi gur e35:ht t ps : / / mm. ai i r cdn. com/ 305/ 5b436527 ecded. j pg Fi gur e36:ht t ps : / / gez i manya. com/ s i t es / def aul t / fi l es / s t yl es / 7 00x350/ publ i c/ l ocat i on/ 947 0. j pg Fİ gur e37 :ht t ps : / / www. nyt i mes . com/ i nt er act i ve/ 201 8/ 1 0/ 02/ wor l d/ as i a/ i ndones i at s unami ear l ywar ni ngs ys t em. ht ml Fi gur e38:I magef r om Googl eEar t h2020 Fi gur e39:Hamel i n,C,201 6, ThePot ent i al ofLos tSpace: ANewModel f orI dent i f yi ng,Cl as s i f yi ngandT r ans f or mi ngUr banVoi dSpace Fi gur e40:Hamel i n,C,201 6, ThePot ent i al ofLos tSpace: ANewModel f orI dent i f yi ng,Cl as s i f yi ngandT r ans f or mi ngUr banVoi dSpace Fi gur e41 :I magef r om Googl eMaps
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
01 . AHLQVI STS,CHARGI NGTHEVOI D-Per cept i onOddLogi c 02. SANSERM,( 201 4)APhi l os ophyOfVoi d: Ank ar aHi ppodr omeAndAf t er 03. DESOUSAC. A. ,( 201 0)TheFul l T oEmpt y:Met hodol ogyAndSt r at egyForTheEval uat i onOf Obs ol et eUr banSpaces 04. LASKARI A. ,Mul t i di mens i onal Compar at i veAnal ys i sf ort heCl as s i fi cat i onofRes i dual Ur ban Voi ds 05. LEES. J. ,( 2007 )Ur banVoi ds : AsaChancef orSus t ai nabl eUr banDes i gn 06. BHASKARANR. ,Ur banVoi d-A' Bypas s ed' Ur banRes our ce,I nt er nat i onal Conf er enceon Ur banSus t ai nabi l i t y:Emer gi ngT r ends , Themes ,Concept sandPr act i ces 07 . CHANGF. ,( 2002)Fi l l i ngTheVoi d:Reconnect i ngTheUr banFabr i cOfAt l ant a 08. Ur banNegat i ve: Amanual f orI nt er s t i t i al Spaces , 09. DHAMANKARA. ,( 201 7 )Ur banNegat i ve: Amanual f orI nt er s t i t i al Spaces 1 0. RATHIK. ,( 201 6)Ur banVoi ds Adapt i veUs eOfPubl i cSpacesUnderFl yover s 1 1 . LOPEZPI NEI ROS. ,( 2020)AGl os s ar yofUr banVoi ds 1 2. CULLENG. , T owns pace 1 3. KI ERR. ,Ur banSpace 1 4. SBACCHIM. ,( 201 6)Lands capeUr bani s m andAr chi t ect ur eoft heVoi ds 1 5. SHRODERJ,( 201 3)T r eat i s eonGeomor phol ogy 1 6. STOJANOVSKI T . , T ypomor phol ogyandenvi r onment al per cept i onofur bans pace 1 7 . MOUDON, AnneVer nez( 1 997 ) . Ur banmor phol ogyasanemer gi ngi nt er di s ci pl i nar yfi el d 1 8. HANM. , T ypomor f ol ogi s cheAnal ys e 1 9. Ur banvoi ds :r ecodi ngf unct i onl es sar easi naci t ybyKar l s r uheI ns t i t ut eofT echnol ogy ( ht t ps : / / phys . or g/ news / 201 51 1 ur banvoi ds r ecodi ngf unct i onl es s ar eas ci t y . ht ml #: ~: t ext =Ur ban%20voi ds %20ar e%20al l %20ar eas , bui l di ngs %2C%20pol l ut ed%20or %20unus ed%20pr oper t i e s . &t ext =But %20ur ban%20voi ds %20exi s t . ) 20. AbandonedGhos tT ownsAr oundt heWor l dbyNi ckMafi ( ht t ps : / / www. ar chi t ect ur al di ges t . com/ gal l er y / expl or eabandonedghos t t owns ar oundwor l d ?mbi d=nl __dai l y&CNDI D=487 237 66&ut m_s our ce=nl &ut m_medi um=emai l &ut m_br and=ad&u t m_mai l i ng=ar d_mont hl y_news _newdb_EXTRA_0505201 9%20PM%20( 1 ) &bxi d=MTk z Mz MwN TI 4Nj UyS0&has ha=4b1 3a0e8c051 7 3b554f 67 51 6ba9207 6b&has hb=31 0083e9b1 98387 47 3958b dbb1 8c9451 f 23c07 9c&s pMai l i ngI D=1 558231 2&s pUs er I D=MTk z Mz MwNTI 4Nj UyS0&s pJobI D=1 64 021 7 896&s pRepor t I d=MTY0MDI xNz g5NgS2) 21 . Publ i cs pacef orvar i ouscul t ur al act i vi t i esands oci al i nt er act i ons ,‘ CanSau–Emer gency Scener y’ FacadePr oj ect :Fr om Ur banVoi dT oSoci al Pl az a ( ht t ps : / / www. ar chi pani c. com/ cans auunpar el l dar qui t ect es / )
ATYPOMORPHOLOGI CALPERSPECTI VE
[ 1]MeyerHan, TYPOMORFOLOGI SCHEANAL YSE, [ 2]Moudon, AnneVer nez( 1 997 ) . " Ur banmor phol ogyasanemer gi ngi nt er di s ci pl i nar yfi el d" [ 3]T odorSt oj anovs k i , T ypomor phol ogyandenvi r onment al per cept i onofur bans pace [ 4]Shr oderJ, T r eat i s eonGeomor phol ogy ,201 3 [ 5]ht t ps : / / en. wi k i pedi a. or g/ wi k i / Ur ban_gr een_s pace