THAT'S ENGLISH! - MODULE 11 - UNIT 7 YOUR CHOICE A) GRAMMAR - Expressing preference:
http://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/intermediate/would-rather-wouldprefer-prefer http://curso-gratis-ingles.euroresidentes.com/2014/03/preferir-ingles-prefer-would-ratherwould-prefer.html https://www.englishgrammar.org/rewrite-4/ PREFERENCES QUIZ I Fill in the gap with the correct form of the verb (do, to do, doing, did): 1. Jennifer'd rather _____ (stay) home for dinner tonight. 2. I think I'd prefer _______ (play) chess today. 3. Would you rather I _____ (leave) you alone? 4. I'd rather the students _____ (study) for their test. 5. Peter prefers _____ (relax) at home on the weekend. PREFERENCES QUIZ II Fill in the gap with to, than, or: 1. Do you prefer coffee _____ tea? 2. I think I'd prefer _____ drive to California. 3. Would you rather go to the club _____ go to the beach? (asking for a choice) 4. He'd rather work all day _____ go to the beach! (make a specific choice) 5. My friend prefers Japanese food _____ American food. QUIZ ANSWERS Quiz I 1. stay 2. to play 3. lef 4. study 5. relaxing / to relax Quiz II 1. to
2. to 3. or 4. than 5. to
- Second, Third and Mixed Conditionals:
SECOND CONDITIONAL I live in London so I travel every day on London buses. I travel every day on London buses because I live in London. (note: this is the REAL present situation) If I didn’t live in London, I would not travel every day on London buses. I would not travel every day on London buses if I did not live in London. (note: this is the UNREAL present situation) We use this Second Conditional structure to talk about unreal or very improbable situations in the present or future, in other words, for the hypothetical present or future. The structure is: CONDITION CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
If + Past Simple or Past Continuous
Would + Present Infinitive without “to”
If I won the lottery,
I would be rich.
If I were you, (note: use I/he/she WERE in second conditionals)
I would take the job.
If they were serious about helping,
they would be trying to find a solution.
The mistake that I hear the most often with conditionals is this: If I were you, I would to take the job. WOULD is a MODAL, and modals are always followed by the infinitive without TO. You can see a table of all English infinitives here.
THIRD CONDITIONAL I moved to London and I met him. (note: this is the REAL past situation) If I had not moved to London, I would not have met him. I would not have met him if I had not moved to London. (note: this is the UNREAL past situation) We use this Third Conditional structure to talk about unreal situations in the past, in other words, for the hypothetical past. The structure is: CONDITION CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
If + Past Perfect Simple or Would + Past Infinitive Continuous without “to� If I had not moved to London,
I would not have met him.
If he had crossed the road 2 minutes earlier,
he would have been hit by a bus.
If I had been listening to the radio at that time, Had I been listening to the radio at that time,
I would have heard the news.
Finally, let's look at MIXED CONDITIONALS So Mixed Conditionals are nothing new - they are just a mixture of Second and Third Conditionals. We use them to talk about unreal past and unreal present together. Take a
look at these examples:
CONDITION CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
If + Past Perfect Simple or Continuous
Would + Present Infinitive without “to�
If I had not moved to London,
I would not live here now.
If he had told me that it was a secret,
I would not be telling you now.
http://www.photocopiables.com/sites/default/files/Second%20Conditionals_consolidation %20worksheet_0.pdf http://www.photocopiables.com/sites/default/files/Third%20Conditionals_consolidation %20worksheet.pdf https://www.e-grammar.org/if-clauses/test1-exercise4/ http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/condition3c.html
- Revision of CONNECTORS:
http://www.tinglado.net/files/almarzarey/linkingwords/tinaddinginformation.html http://www.tinglado.net/files/almarzarey/linkingwords/tinshowingcause.html
http://www.tinglado.net/files/almarzarey/linkingwords/tincontrastingideas.html http://www.tinglado.net/files/almarzarey/linkingwords/tinshowingpurpose.html http://www.tinglado.net/files/almarzarey/linkingwords/linkingwords/tinhprephrasing.htm http://www.tinglado.net/files/almarzarey/linkingwords/tinhpproverbsandidioms.htm http://www.tinglado.net/?id=linking-words&page=2
B) VOCABULARY Match the expressions (1-7) to the meanings (a-g). 1 to be in two minds about something 2 to make a hasty decision 3 to weigh up all the options 4 to have no choice 5 to make the right choice 6 to have your pick of something 7 to be caught between a rock and a hard place
a to be forced into a particular decision b to do the correct thing c to be able to choose anything you want d to be in a situation where both alternatives are equally bad e to decide to act too quickly without giving it enough thought f to take everything into account g not to be able to decide one way or the other Complete the sentences with the correct form of an expression from the previous activity . 1 Just take your time and don’t … about this. You should … first and then decide what to do.
2 I … whether or not to take the job.
3 There were four bedrooms in the villa so we ... the rooms and got one with a lovely sea view. 4 … doesn’t necessarily mean choosing the easiest option. 5 I’m sorry, but you … , you have to do this. 6 Adam hates his job but if he leaves, he probably won’t get another. He’s ... .
Complete the text with a suitable form of the verb in brackets or one of the expressions from the box. There is one extra expression. to make a hasty decision to have someone’s pick of to be caught between a rock and a hard place to weigh up all the options Young entrepreneurs on the increase According to recent research if they could 1... careers, many young people would rather 2... (start) their own company than work for a large company. Almost 40% of those questioned would prefer 3... (work) for themselves because it would be more flexible, and 20% of those currently employed said they would prefer it if they 4... (not work) for someone else. A significant percentage said that if they 5... (run) their own business, they 6... (be) happy to earn less money at the beginning. The rising cost of university fees has affected many graduates, who said they were 7... as they now owed a lot of money for their studies and could not afford to start a business. If they 8... (realise) this before they started their studies and had had more information so that they could 9… , they 10... (not go) to university. If they 11... (not acquire) such huge debts, they 12... (be) free to set up a business now.
C) READING - Who makes the decision? https://deepenglish.com/2014/01/listening-fluency-90/
+
…………
ONLY – DOWN – TO LISTEN – TO WRITE – BOTH – BEING – HAVING - WHILE On March 1st, 1950, a natural gas ………………………………. in Nebraska completely destroyed a church. Choir practice at the West Side Baptist Church usually started at 7:20 pm. The church exploded at 7:25, but not a …………………………..………….. person was killed or injured. The choir m embers usually arrived early, but on that day, every single one of them was late. Ladonna Vandergrift, a high school student, decided to finish her math homework, before going to practice. Marilyn Ruth and her parents were late, because she decided to change her clothes. Ronda and her sister had car ……………………… and had to wait for Ladonna to finish her homework, so she could drive them. Mrs. Schuster and her daughter decided to stop at her mother’s house before choir practice. Herbert Kipf decided that he had to write an important letter before he could go. Joyce Black was feeling “just plain lazy.” Harvey Ahl and his two children were late because he was talking and lost track of ………..……….……... Marilyn Paul was planning on going early, but she fell …………………... Marilyn’s mother was late, because she had to wake h er daughter up. Lucille Jones and Dorothy Wood, both high school students decided to finish ……………………………………………………………………….. to a radio program before going.
All 15 of these people ………………………..…….. small choices that saved their lives. Why did they make these decisions? Why did they decide …………………………………. a letter or finishing their homework, or listening to a radio program was more important than being late for choir practice? According to new research, these decisions might not be decisions at all. To be more specific, these …………………………………………….. not have been conscious decisions. In a recent research study at the Max Planck Institute, participants were given a choice to press a button with ……………. their left or right hand. The only rule was they needed to recordw hen they made the choice. During this experiment, all the participants were ………………… their brains scanned with an MRI. Looking at these brain scans, the researchers were able to clearly see different brain patterns for participants who chose the left button and participants who chose the right button. Interestingly, the brain scans showed that the participants made their decision 7 seconds before their conscious …………………………… was …………………………………………. of the decision. ……………………………………. this may not be true for all decisions, certainly some of our decisions are happening unconsciously before we know it. How much of your life is controlled by your unconscious mind? Will you answer this question in the comments? You probably ………………………. decided 7 seconds ago.
D) LISTENING https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=17&v=0r4Q6qDWLkU Listen and fill in the gaps What has been the……………………………………………………………………………………………………….? What was it and how did you make the decision? This is similar to the other question but basically tough decisions ……………………………………………………..for people, but people can make tough decisions if they stand back again, ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………., bring other people's opinions into it, really think clearly about what they need to do, and that gives them ……………………………………………………………………………….. A tough decision can be anything but……………………………………, again with clear thought and clear planning and really working out ………………………………………………………………………………..is key, really important, and the impact of your tough decision, as well. How will it affect people? ……………………………………………………….? and have you worked out a situation to try and ease that as much as possible? - Leadership: http://www.elllo.org/english/Mixer076/T088-Leadership.htm
http://www.englishmyteacher.com/?q=node/477
- Controversial topic: http://www.elllo.org/english/0951/T985-Greg-Organs.htm E) WRITING You are going to write an essay on this topic: Racial equality rather than gender equality should be the main priority for a world leader. Discuss and give your opinion.
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F) SPEAKING http://www.englishwithjo.com/english-conversation-making-decisions/ https://www.ielts-mentor.com/cue-card-sample/609-ielts-cue-card-sample-26-describe-animportant-decision-that-you-made http://pwenglish.co.uk/ielts-speaking-sample-part-2-choices/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGHpfdcYD1g