THAT’S ENGLISH! – MODULE 10 – UNIT 9 THE GENDER GAP A) GRAMMAR - SO and SUCH http://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/adjectives-andadverbs/so-vs-such http://aprendeinglessila.com/2013/12/uso-so-such-ingles/ http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/sosuch.html Subject-auxiliary inversion after SO + adverb / adjective and SUCH Phrases starting with so are placed at the beginning of the sentence for emphatic effect, the subject and auxiliary are inverted: So quickly did he run that the others couldn't catch up with him. (He ran so quickly that the others couldn't catch up with him.) So strong was the wind that we couldn't open the window. (The wind was so strong that we couldn't open the window.) So + adjective can be replaced with such: Such was the wind that we couldn't open the window. (The wind was such that we couldn't open the window.)
http://random-idea-english.blogspot.com.es/2014/11/inversion-with-so-such-and-asexercises.html (Inversion with so and such) - “IT” CLEFT SENTENCES (EMPHASIS) Cleft sentences it + be + phrase + defining relative clause Cleft sentences (also called it-clefts) result from changing the normal sentence pattern to emphasise a particular piece of information. The emphasis in the resulting cleft sentence is on the phrase after it + be. Look at the following example: János Irinyi invented the non-explosive match in 1836. We can transform this sentence in different ways depending on which part of it we want to bring into focus: It was János Irinyi who/that invented the non-explosive match in 1836. It was the non-explosive match which/that/(-) János Irinyi invented in 1836. It was 1836 when János Irinyi invented the non-explosive match. In the clauses that follow it + be + phrase, we can use the same relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) that we normally use in defining relative clauses. However, if we bring a whole adverbial phrase into focus, we use that: It was in 1836 that János Irinyi invented the non-explosive match. If we use a personal pronoun after it + be, it will be in the object form: It was him who invented the non-explosive match in 1836. It is also possible to expand the phrase in focus with a non-defining relative clause: It was János Irinyi, who was a Hungarian chemist, that invented the non-explosive match in 1836. http://random-idea-english.blogspot.com.es/2012/04/emphasis-focussing-with-cleftsentences.html http://www.carmenlu.com/sixth/grammar/cleft-sentences6.htm
B) VOCABULARY http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/vocabulary-lesson-vocabularywomen.php https://quizlet.com/4297051/ielts-gender-vocabulary-flash-cards/ and https://quizlet.com/4297051/test or https://quizlet.com/4297051/flashcards - Beyond 'he' and 'she': The rise of non-binary pronouns In the English language, the word "he" is used to refer to males and "she" to refer to females. But some people identify as neither gender, or both - which is why an increasing number of US universities are making it easier for people to choose to be referred to by other pronouns. Kit Wilson's introduction when meeting other people is: "Hi, I'm Kit. I use they/them pronouns." That means that when people refer to Kit in conversation, the first-year student at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee would prefer them to use "they" rather than "she" or "he". As a child, Wilson never felt entirely female or entirely male. They figured they were a "tomboy" until the age of 16, but later began to identify as "genderqueer". "Neither end of the [male/female] spectrum is a suitable way of expressing the gender I am," Wilson says. "Sometimes I feel 'feminine' and 'masculine' at the same time, and other times I reject the two terms entirely." Earlier this year, Wilson asked friends to call them "Kit," instead of the name they (Wilson) had grown up with, and to use the pronoun "they" when talking about them. Glossary Transgender: Applies to a person whose gender is different from their "assigned" sex at birth Cisgender: Applies to someone whose gender matches their "assigned" sex at birth (ie someone who is not transgender) Non-binary: Applies to a person who does not identify as "male" or "female" Genderqueer: Similar to "non-binary" - some people regard "queer" as offensive, others embrace it Genderfluid: Applies to a person whose gender identity changes over time Go to: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32979297 As well - https://www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0205521452.pdf
C) LISTENING -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkp4t5NYzVM (EQUALS)
Watch and listen to the video and answer the following questions / Complete these sentences: - A man is ………… ……………… to earn more money than a woman even when …………….. ………. …………… ……………… - As a man, you have a far better chance of… What? - As a man you are less likely to be judged for…What? - As a man you have hardly any chance of falling victim to…. What? - How many women in the UK lose their jobs annually due to pregnancy? - Women are responsible for………………. of the work done worldwide yet earn only ……………….. of the total income and …………….. of the property. - Every year …………………. girls are deprived of ……………….. - And a staggering …… ………are sexually assaulted on ……….. ……… ………….. - At least ………… in ……….. are victims of ………….
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- Every week …………… ………………. In the UK are ……………… by a ……………… or …………….. partner. Are we equals? Until the answer is “yes”, we must never stop asking. -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I08p24i9VuI#t or http://www.beaman.se/
(Watch the video ant translate it into Spanish/Galician // Correct the mistakes in the automatically generated subtitles) -
Being a man: http://www.elllo.org/english/0851/Q897-JJ-Men.html
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Being a woman: http://www.elllo.org/english/0851/898-Paul-Women.html
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http://www.englishwithjo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/gender-roles.mp3
GENDER ROLES Todd: So, Kadi, you are from Estonia. Can you talk about ………………………………………… for the new generation compared to the older generation?
Kadi: Yes, in Estonia, we have this kind of Western type of family, a woman doesn't have…………………………. She can work. She can do whatever she likes. Even maybe the tendency right now is that women are .................................. Often it happens that women make more money than men do and they're the ones who ……………………………………. Yeah, compared to Eastern society where usually women are considered as housewives. They just have to ……………………………………………………….the kids, and in my country ... no ... there's not such a thing and I think it always has been like that. I'm not quite sure but. Todd: Who does the…………………………………………………………..? Kadi: Yeah, I think we all do it. We don't have that kind of rule that women only have to clean and cook. Of course in some families, it is like that because women are better cleaning, especially, rather than men are, but yeah, men are quite good cooks. Todd: What do people do for childcare? Like who…………………………………….? Kadi: ………………….. Yeah. We have…………………………………………, they usually like hire people to watch over the children and just they play with them and also like kindergarten, like children start going to kindergarten in Estonia when they're really young, ………………………………………………..I think even, yeah, you can go to work when your child is like ………………………………………. Just go to work. Take a child there, and people are going to care about her. Todd: Is the nanny expected to cook and clean as well? Kadi: …………………………………….. It depends on the contract. Yeah, if you hire a person who that you say you're gonna pay him or her, usually her, like for cleaning, cooking, taking care of the children, whatever, it………………………………. http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0809/080918-gender_equality.html
KEY: GENDER ROLES TRANSCRIPT Todd: So, Kadi, you are from Estonia. Can you talk about gender roles for the new generation compared to the older generation? Kadi: Yes, in Estonia, we have this kind of Western type of family, a woman doesn't have to be a housewife. She can work. She can do whatever she likes. Even maybe the tendency right now is that women are becoming more masculine. Often it happens that women make more money than men do and they're the ones who bring the bread in the house. Yeah, compared to Eastern society where usually women are considered as housewives. They just have to clean and cook and raise the kids, and in my country ... no ... there's not such a thing and I think it always has been like that. I'm not quite sure but. Todd: Who does the chores like cooking and cleaning? Kadi: Yeah, I think we all do it. We don't have that kind of rule that women only have to clean and cook. Of course in some families, it is like that because women are better cleaning, especially, rather than men are, but yeah, men are quite good cooks. Todd: What do people do for childcare? Like who takes care of the children? Kadi: Nannies. Yeah. We have nannies for working mothers, they usually like hire people to watch over the children and just they play with them and also like
kindergarten, like children start going to kindergarten in Estonia when they're really young, maybe from three months I think even, yeah, you can go to work when your child is like half-a-year old. Just go to work. Take a child there, and people are going to care about her. Todd: Is the nanny expected to cook and clean as well? Kadi: It depends of on the contract. It depends on the contract. Yeah, if you hire a person who that you say you're gonna pay him or her, usually her, like for cleaning, cooking, taking care of the children, whatever, it depends on the contract. http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1605/160523-cosmetics-l.html Researchers have discovered there could be a good reason…………………………………………………………………………………….– they get paid more if……………………………………………………………………. Sociologists Jaclyn Wong and Andrew Penner concluded that attractive people get paid…………………………………………………………………………….. They found that both physically attractive men and women tended to earn more than averagelooking employees. They added that the more a woman cared about her looks, the more attractive she appeared. Ms Wong said: "For men, only about half of the effect of attractiveness is due to grooming. I think that…………………………………………………………………………….., and so presentation becomes important to them." The study was conducted by the universities of Chicago and California. It will be published in the journal Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. The researchers analysed data from 14,000 participants who were questioned about……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………. The interviewers were also asked to rate each participant on how attractive and well groomed they were. Researchers said people were biased when it comes to beauty because of a 'halo effect'. People think……………………………………………………………………………..The researchers noted that the idea that humans are influenced by beauty bias is not new.
D) READING (Next page)
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https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/women_h ave_to_pay_more_in_shops/articles/85131
- http://www.usingenglish.com/comprehension/25.html E) SPEAKING Conversation Questions Characteristics What do women tend to be better at than men? What do men tend to be better at than women? What behaviours are seen as appropriate for men but inappropriate for women? Are men and women equal in ability and intelligence? Why is it sometimes seen as a sign of weakness for men to cry? What things can men or women do that the other cannot do and why? Are men and women really equal? What are some more commonly held stereotypes with regards to women? What are some more commonly held stereotypes with regards to men? Do you think men and women can be equal in their physical ability? Are there differences in the ways men and women communicate? How do the friendships between men differ from the friendships between women? Employment What professions are more popular with men? What professions are more popular with women? What are the typical jobs for men and women of your parents' generation? Is it possible for women to join the army in your country? Are there more male or female managers and executives? Can women make effective managers and bosses? Are there different barriers for men and women at work? Are men and women treated equally - and paid equally - at work? Parenting In your country are the responsibilities of a mother the same as the responsibilities of a father to their families? Are fathers capable of carrying out the duties of a mother? Are there different expectations for sons and daughters? Should boys and girls be brought up differently? Can men make effective caretakers of children? What are the typical responsibilities of a father? What are the typical responsibilities of a mother? What do you think about men who stay home to look after the children while the woman goes to work? Who do you think is easier to raise, boys or girls? Is it ok for boys to play with girls’ toys and vice versa? Do parents expect different things from sons than from daughters? General Who do you think has life easier, girls or guys? Why? What do women dislike most about men and vice versa?
Do you think it is fair for there to be different laws for men and women? Can people in your country change their gender under the law? Are gender roles changing in your country? How have the roles of men and women in society changed over the last fifty years?
F) WRITING Do men and women have equal rights in your country?