Spain
March 7 ,2019
Vol 1 No 1
3 ESO HUMANISM Humanism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes the human being. Human being started being the center of the world.Due to this movement science,art and religion changed. Today we will be interviewing some of the most important humanists of the 15th and 16th centuries.
-I : We would like to know a little bit about your life. -L.V: Well, I was born in Valencia in 1493, in a Jewish family, but we had to convert to Christianism . -I: I have heard that you have lived in England. Today we have travelled to the year -L.V: Yes, I was chosen by the cardenal Wolsey to be 1530 to talk with the humanist and reader in the Corpus Christi school. philosopher Juan Luis Vives and know a -I: And how did you became friends with Thomas little bit more about his life and his role in More? the philosophy and humanism of the XV -L.V: We were both interested in humanism and century. culture so we decided to share our opinions. He was one of the most important -I : In what field of philosophy and humanism are humanists in Spain you interested in? -I.V : Well, I have become an European culture reformer and a moral reformer. -I : I have to go back to our century, it has been a pleasure to meet you, good luck, I hope I will see you another time -I.V: Thank you for your time, good bye .
Having dinner With Juan Luis Vives
Interviewer: Yaiza Nieto Alejandro Figueroa, Yaiza Nieto, VĂctor Ortiz & Claudia PĂŠrez
Page Two TEA WITH ERASMUS I: Good afternoon Erasmus! E: Good afternoon! I: We have the pleasure of being here today with this magnificent philosopher. E:The pleasure is mine. Would you like a cup of tea? I:Yes of course, thank you very much. I: Let’s start with the interview. First of all, when were you born? E: I was born on October 28 of 1466 and raised in Rotterdam.
WHAT IS HE WORKING ON NOW?
His life
I: We all know you are one of I: What are you working on now? the more important humanist of E: I just came from Paris because I have published my first collection of the century,but we want to proverbs, the Adagiorum Collectanea. I: Yes we all know about the book you recently published and most of the know more about you. people think that is fabulous, but what are your plans for the future? More E: Well, at an early age I lost my parents and took monastic books? vows. Then in 1492, I was E:Well in a few weeks I will be working with Aldus Manutius, this great ordained priest. humanist printer, to publish my next collection of adages. I:Then your life changes I: And, can we know the name of the promising book? E: No, it’s a secret, but hopefully everyone would be able to know about all dramatically , what happens? E: My life changes dramatically the projects that I’m working on very soon. when I became secretary of I: Well we hope that you have the chance of publishing more books! Henry de Bergen, the bishop of E: Yes, but you know what? I: No, tell me. E:One of my dreams is that Cambrey witch was impressed THE NEW BOOK OF everyone who doesn’t know with my skill in Latin and how to read in Latin, would be enabled me to Paris, where I ERASMUS! able to read the Testament and studied classical literature and that's why I've been thinking a Latin and I was introduced to lot about a big project that will Renaissance humanism. change this. I: Wow! Really? That would change a lot of things. E: That’s the point! I: Well Erasmus thank you so much for the interview E: Your welcome, and thank you too. Alba Generoso, Alicia, Natalia and Daniel
Page Three Antonio de Nebrija came back to life!!! Antonio de Nebrija was one of the biggest humanist of the Spanish Renaissance, today he revived to tell us his story.
his begginings: I: Good morning Antonio de Nebrija, tell us about your childhood. A: Well I was born born in 1441 in Lebrija, a small province of Seville. I: And what about your studies, where did you study? A: My studies began when I was 15, at the University of Salamanca, where I graduated in rhetoric and grammar. 4 years later I moved to Italy, to the University of Bologna, there I learnt Greek and Latin. I stayed in Bologna 10 more years, which led me to graduate in Theology, Latin, Greek, Hebrew but also learning Medicine, Law, Geography, History, Mathematics and Grammar.
We will interview the person who wrote the first grammar of the Castilian language which lead him to he convert the Castilian into the third cultured language in Europe.
His job I: What did you work as? A: When I returned to Spain from Bologna, he started teaching Latin, later in 1475 I started a career as a professor at the University of Salamanca teaching grammar.
Noelia Arango, SofĂa Benhamou,Jaime GuzĂłn, Paula Lamata, Pablo Riaza
Page Four Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda Today we are going to talk with Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda He is a philosopher, humanist, and a great historian of the XVI century. “+”= the interviewer “- “= Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
Interview
1st part
+Hello, Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, we are going to ask you some questions about your life -Okey, let’s go +So, when were you born? -Well, I was born in 1490 in Pozo Blanco (Cordova) +I´ve heard that you studied in the University of Alcalá de Henares, and then you went to Bolonia -Yes, but I first studied in Salamanca and after all, I went to Bolonia, as you have just said, to doctorate in arts and theology +You are know thanks to your statements about the indigenous, what do you think about them? -I think that they were inferior to us, and that the war between Spanish people and indigenous war was fair because of their sins and ideology
+And finally, one of the most famous works was the one about Democrates II. What is the book about? -It is about the four causes of war +Thank you for giving us the interview -Your welcome
2nd part +Why did you started to be chronicler of the royal family? -I don`t know, he just named me his chronicler and his chaplain, I worked for him until I become back to Spain +What did you do when you come back to Spain? -When I came back, Felipe II named me his preceptor of the future
Marcos Cassinello Alejandra Cruz, Sofía Fernández & Rafael Pérez
Page ďŹ ve A Machiavellian afternoon Today we are with Niccolo Machiavelli, let's ask him a series of questions. I: Where were you born? M: I was born in Italy in the Republic of Florence. I: When were you born? M: I was born the 3th of May in 1469. I: What is your job? M: I am a political philosopher, public official, diplomat and Italian writer. I: we have read that you have written a book right? M: Yes I: So, can you tell us something about it? M: The book is no more than a compendium of rules with the aim of the prince obtaining political success, that is, the achievement of honor and glory through the good governance of their domains. I: And what purpose did the book have? M: It was about how to manage the power, to teach how to stay in power, so that governors had a manual on how to retain the power of a new state or to seize and control an existing one.
He is an official who was fired, arrested and tortured for belonging to a conspiracy against the Medici with his friend Giovanni Battaini and 20 other people.
The prince The prince is a sixteenth-century political treatise, it was was published in 1532, but written in 1513. It was written in two different languages; in Toscano and Italian.
The prince was one of the best known works of this author, was written in 1513 with the aim of being able to consecrate with the Medici, which had all the power in Florence at the time.
Ana Moreno, Rebeca Moraga, Chema MuĂąoz & Paloma Ribeiro
Page Six Giovanni Boccaccio He was born the 16 of june of 1313 in Florencia, in Certaldo or in paris but this information is unknown
His Life Giovanni Boccaccio grew up in San Pietro Maggiore and was educated by Giovanni Mazzuoli de Strada. Giovanni was sent to Naples by his father, where he obtained a literary training by Paolo de Perugia and Andalo Delnevo. Naples-Florence In Naples he wrote three works: Filocolo (1339), Filostrato (1339) and La Teseida (1339-1340). In 1340 the bank of the Bardi broke and that forced him to go to Florence, where he suffered several economic and domestic problems..Even being in his situation Giovanni continued writing, and thanks to that situation he got closer to the picaresque merchants' atmosphere where his family comes from. In that years he composed several works such as La Amorosa Vision, La elegia de Doña Fiammetta .....
Illegitimate son of the merchant Boccaccio di Chellino, agent of the powerful mercantile company of the Bardi and of unknown mother, whose identity nothing is known with certainty
The Decameron
It is an story that describes how the Black Death and its physical, psychological and social effects, affected the society. While Florence Thanks to The Decameron, he suffers this plague, seven girls of the high society performed ambassadorial meet by chance a duties in Avignon and Rome. morning. One of them In 1362, he retired to Certaldo, purposed due to the where he suffered a spiritual situation in that place, crisis that led him to renege on leaving and go to an The Decameron and to turn to abandoned house with study and pious practices. After other three guys. And so on. being ordained a priest, he became confessor in 1360
Gabriela Álvarez, María López, Lucía Sánchez & Héctor Viudez
Page seven More about T.More Thomas More is Lord Chancellor of England, an
intellectual of European fame who married twice and is a good father. He is recognized for his fame as an honest and courageous judge in defence of the interests of the most humble. Today we focus in his new book Utopia and his professional carrer.
Interview I- Hi Thomas , we are going to ask you some questions about your life T.M - great! I - Ok, what are your studies ? T.M - Well, I studied technology in the Oxford University I - What you have dedicated yourself throughout your life ? T.M - I have been philosopher, politician, thinker, humanist and English writer. I- At what point did you decide to write the book? T.M- In 1516, because I think it was necessary . I- What was your proposal writing your book Utopia? T.M- I was crucially aware of the schisms in religious institutions in my county, so I decided to create an imaginary world that would seem ideal because it did not have the same problems. However, my goal was always to shed light on the real big problems that England, my country and the rest of Europe were experiencing I- Thank you for answering our questions. It was pretty good to interview you! T.M- Thanks to you for being interested in my professional career Nuria Prada, Pablo Gรณmez, Susana Aguado and Lucia Condado
Page Eight The secrets of Martin Luther The name of Luther has been in the mouth of thousands of Germans since he announced that he will publicly oppose the sale of indulgences this coming October 31, 1517. For this same reason, we have traveled here in order to give him an exclusive interview for digital Protestant.
I- Hi Luther King, we hope you are ok, we are going to ask you some questions. M.L- No,no, I’m not Martin Luther King, I’m Martin Luther. I- So why are you called Martin Luther King? M.L- Ohh, It’s a joke. I- What joke? M.L- A guy called Martin Luther King was born on January 15 in 1929 His father, like him, was a Protestant pastor very committed to the ideas of Christianity. Although in the beginning father and son were called Michael, they changed the name to Martin Luther in honor of the reformer of the Church, Martin Luther.
Interview
I- Why do you disagree with indulgences? M.L- I disagree with indulgences, because the Catholic Church is
I-Who are your worst enemies?
immersed in deep corruption.
M.L- My biggest enemies are Erasmo and Aristotle. I can’t stand
Regardless of the crime committed
Erasmo, because he aspires to a moral renewal within Catholicism.
and the Church sells a pardon known
However, I emphasize doctrine to find all the sins the Vatican is
as "indulgence" that has served to
doing.
deposit money in the Vatican, finance banquets while the majority of Europe
I- Why did you marry been a priest?
M.L- However I think we should follow all the rules imposed, from my point of view humans we can love a person independently of his role in society.
is poor, and build the Basilica of San Pedro.
I- Are you having a lot of trouble translating the Bible?
M.L- In fact it is never easy to translate from one language to another. There are many subtleties that can not be completely transmitted. It is also a difficult and complicated task to force writers, against their will, to speak German. They do not wish to renounce their native Hebrew to imitate our German. Also, it takes me a lot of time because I take 4 hours to translate 3 simple lines.
I- Why did you put the theses in the church?
M.L- I came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; in particular, I disputed the view on indulgences. My 95 theses which for my surprise became the foundation of the Protestant Reformation. I recognize that my theses were quite provocative and that was my intention, in that time the pope and the Catholic Church were not doing things in the right way. I also did it because I thought that people needed to open their eyes and realize what the church was really doing, I wanted to make a worldwide debate.
By:Fran, Carlota, Iván, Noelia and Jorge.
Page Nine Galilei’s Secrets? Introducing Galileo.
He was born in Pisa in the year 1564 and during his life he became astronomer, philosopher, engineer and mathematician. He had a hard life because his family wasn't from a high social class, so he had to make a living with trade. During the next 10 years, he went to school until his family decided to move to Florence where he entered a religious convent and 2 years later, he ended up in the Pisa University where all his curiosities and studies started like medicine, philosophy and mathematics.
Interview with Galilei We met with Galileo in a cauponae, because we travelled to Rome. -Good evening Galileo, how are you? -Good evening Hugh, I’m fine, thanks. Well, except for the fact that they imprisoned me, and want me dead for contradicting the Bible, of course. -That’s tue. Well, can you tell us about where you are from? -First, I convinced my father to let me join to the Pisa University, as I discovered I was a genius in maths. Some years later, I became the first human to look through a telescope. -So incredible! I’ve heard, that the Inquisition summoned you twice. Is that correct? -Yes it is. I did a little research, which later became discoveries, about the planets positions in the universe, (heliocentric theory) and it disproved the Church version of them (geocentric theory). At first, they accused me of heresy, but I was acquitted. A few years after, I published a book that uplifted Copernicus thinkings. A cause of that, they accused me another time of heresy, and this time, I was not acquitted, and was instead imprisoned. -You had an exciting and memorable life! Thank you for this interview, we will never forget it.
Discoveries Galileo discovered that the Earth orbits the Sun. After Galileo noticed Venus went through similar phases to the moon, he said the Earth orbits the Sun instead of the sun orbiting the Earth.
Interesting facts about Galileo Galilei •He was the first person that saw through a telescope. •Galileo never married and had all his children out of wedlock with Marina Gambia, whom he met on a trip to Venice. •He didn’t believe in Kepler’s theory that the moon caused the tides. •His middle finger has been exhibited at the museum Galileo in Florence
Made by: Mónica Hidalgo, María Herranz, Ismael Madroño and Hugo Aguado.
Page Eleven The King Of Petrarchism We had the chance to interview one of the most famous poets from Humanism known as Francesco Petrarca. We asked him some questions about his personal life and his works. This is what he said:
Let´s begin: I- What did you study and where? F- I Studied law in Montpellier and Bologna; But at the death of my father, in 1326, I abandoned the laws to devote myself to literature.
I- When and why did you start writing poetry?
F- I began to study law in Montpellier at the beginning of the autumn of 1316; Already then, i manifested a great love for classical Latin literature, especially for Cicero; but my father, enemy of those readings, ban me to read those books. So, i guess when he died i started writing.
I- How many works have you published? F- I wrote 29 works during my life.
I- Which of your works you considered is the best? F- I think, my best work is a collection of poems in Italian titled Rime in vita e morta di Madonna Laura, later it was extended and now is known as Cancionero. I- What is petrarchism based on? F- I believe, that the term Petrarchism refers to the imitation, of features in Italian Poetry and is also a style based on me.
I- Who was your inspiration to write such amazing poems? F- On April 6, 1327, i saw for the first time Laura, the woman who would idealize my poems. She was definitely my inspiration to write all those poems.
About Him -When and where were you born? I was born in July 20, in the year 1304 in Arezzo, Italy. -Give as a brief description of your life. I was a scholar of Renaissance Italy, I was one of the earliest humanists. In 1326 I left law to focus on the classics. Also I became a model for lyrical poetry. I was also known for being the first to develop the concept of the dark ages.
By Jorge Simonin, Lucía Galan, Alba Germán, Lucía Ramos, Carlos Figueroa.