2-IJAEST-Vol-No.4-Issue-No.2-Architecture-for-Mobile-P2P-Auction-using-JXTAJXME-in-M-Commerce.004-00 by ISERP ISERP

R.Rajkumar, et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 4, Issue No. 2, 004 - 009

Architecture for Mobile P2P Auction using JXTA/JXME in M-Commerce R.Rajkumar1, N.Ch.S.N.Iyengar2 , D.Saikrishna3 School of Computer science & Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, TN, India.

rrajkumar@vit.ac.in saidepuru@gmail.com

Keywords: peer to peer, JXTA, JXME, m-commerce.

I. INTRODUCTION

With extensive usage of internet in day to day life, people started using various entertainment and business applications online, popularly known as e-commerce. Due to many beneficial aspects, it is gaining control over conventional Business model nowadays. Ecommerce applications can be categorized into B2C (Business to customer) and B2B (business to business) .Recently it has a new category in th e for m of C2C (consumer to consumer),which is creating new opportunities for consumers and businesses alike.

Advancement in the mobile technology and the usage of internet has attracted many to carry out various applications in the mobile, such as browsing the web, sending e-mails, form discussion groups and share resources. Along with this, people started doing business through mobile devices, similar to e-commerce, known as m-commerce in mobile environment. Consumer to Consumer (C2C), also called as person to person (P2P) is one flavor of m-commerce which is gaining popularity extensively day by day. It can be stated as individuals carrying out the business in an online environment, typically utilizing the Internet in the mobile devices. One o f the major advantage o f C2C is it has no intermediate servers in order to communicate. But connection esta blishm ent between the buyer and seller,

ISSN: 2230-7818

trust management and financial transactions are some important challenges to be considered while executing the C2C applications. The existing client/server model may not be the best model to carry out these applications efficiently, so there is a need for alternative model to handle One such kind is P2P technology that enables this without intervention of public servers. In general, P2P works in an atmosphere where personal computer or mobile devices communicate with each other in a distributed fashion that does not involve any centralized control point to transmit or connect data traffic. In practice, P2P technologies that exist today follow a network-based computing style that neither excludes nor implicitly depends on centralized control points. In order to have interoperable and secure communication among different peers in C2C m-commerce, an open source Java frame work JXTA can be used. JXTA in the mobile environment is known as JXTA Micro Edition (JXME), It allows different mobile devices to participate in JXTA network.

Abstract-- The amalgamation of Internet with wireless devices has made mobile to become the most indispensable part of human life. This makes mobile device a great platform to carryout e-commerce applications known as mcommerce in mobile environment. Some of the m-commerce applications include mobile auction, ticketing, purchasing, banking etc. Amongst these, mobile auction is gaining a lot of importance in the recent days. Advances in wireless technologies (Bluetooth, WI-FI, GPRS and 3G) and mobile hardware helped the user to easily connect and disconnect to other wireless devices in P2P fashion. This paper presents architecture for mobile auction in C2C (consumer to consumer) fashion considering JXTA/JXME, an environment which creates peer to peer applications in mobile constraint devices. Further we discuss the pros and cons of using JXTE/JXME and its applicability to P2P mobile auction system.

The remaining paper is organized as follows. Section II presents the various issues of P2P application described by various authors in the past. In Section III, the motivating scenario to propose this P2P mobile architecture is presented. Section IV provides details on types P2P architecture. Section V provides the brief introduction to JXTA/JXME framework. Section VI provides the information about how the mobile auction process takes place in a P2P environment. In Section VII architectures for P2P mobile auction is proposed. Finally the conclusion is discussed in section VIII. II. PRIOR ART Several works has been introduced in the literature aimed at overcoming the problems of P2P applications using JXTA in both desktop environment as well as mobile environment. For instance the authors in [1] has established network connection and created P2P message passing application. In paper [2] authors proposed an mobile service oriented architecture based on mobile agents, where agents are in built programs that are capable of reacting to active changes in their environment. Marc Domingo-Prieto, Joan Arnedo-Moreno, Jordi Herrera-Joancomarti [3] has discussed about different kinds of attacks in mobile P2P networks and analyzed the JXME security that this

Page 4

R.Rajkumar, et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 4, Issue No. 2, 004 - 009

III. MOTIVATING SCENARIO

Figure 1: Pure P2P Network

Distributed network architecture is classified as hybrid Peer-to-Peer network, if it is initially a P2P network and secondly a central body is essential to provide parts of the allowed network services [1].

The scenario that drives this paper is a common problem faced by mobile users such as interoperability and security in P2P m-commerce applications. While exchanging data among peers in a closed group two main things to be considered are security and authentication. Even for P2P mobile auction system the same are considered. Hoping that these could be solved through JXTA/JXME framework, architecture for mobile P2P auction using JXME (mobile version of JXTA) is proposed in this paper. This provides an attractive generic infrastructure to rapidly define and implement custom peerto-peer services.

any single, arbitrary selected Terminal Entity can be discarded from the network without suffering any loss of network service [1].

platform provides to current P2P applications. Yu Zhou, Zhiyuan Fang, Li Ning in [5] has discussed about possibilities of e-market in mobile devices based on distributed services. In paper [7] possibility of mobile commerce through peer to peer is proposed.In this peers represented as software assistant agents interfacing a mobile customer. By considering all these approach of P2P in m-commerce we have proposed an architecture one of the m-commerce application i.e mobile auction based on JXTA/JXME, which provide interoperability and security among different peers.

Figure 2: Hybrid P2P Architecture

A. Why P2P for Mobile auction?

IV. P2P ARCHITECTURE

Peer to peer networks can be defined as a network in which every node has equivalent capacity and responsibility. This takes exception from client/server model, in which few nodes are dedicated to serve the other. Generally P2P networks are simple and less expensive. Nowadays this i s u s e d in m a n y internet file shar in g application such as Bit torrent.P2P applications are being popularized over client/server model due to following characteristics    

decentralization self-composing distributed systems most communication is symmetric in nature commonly, large scale systems.

P2P networks can be categorized as  Pure P2P  Hybrid P2P Distributed architecture is classified as a pure Peer-to-Peer network, if it is initially a P2P network and secondly if

ISSN: 2230-7818

Since the P2P mobile wireless e-commerce model in a distributed system has the following advantages [2]      

System has strong openness and Expansibility. Self organized and individuation. Initiative and creativeness Freedom and democracy Flexibility and convenience Security and authority

so we consider a Hybrid P2P network to define the mobile auction architecture in this paper. V. JXTA/JXME PLATFORM JXTA is derived from the word Juxtapose, which means side by side. ― It is considered that peer-topeer is juxtaposed to client - server or Web based computing which is considered to be today's traditional computing model. Project JXTA is conceived with a set of objectives [1] intended to address the shortcomings of the peer-to-peer systems already in existence or under development. It has set of components [1] that are part of

Page 5

R.Rajkumar, et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 4, Issue No. 2, 004 - 009

peer to peer communication and it includes set of protocols [1] which are asynchronous in nature and are of query/response type.

A. Major challenges in P2P Mobile auction The major challenges that are considered in order to design an architecture for P2P mobile auction are a) Connection Establishment. b) Trust management. c) Broadcasting messages. d) Secure financial transactions.

Figure 3 : JXTA protocols

Approach

VI.

a) Connection establishment

In order to establish the connection among different peers a wireless peer sends a discovery query to a JXTA relay. The relay then propagates it to the JXTA network on behalf of the wireless peer. All of the responses are collected by the relay, which trims them to optimize transfer efficiency to the low-bandwidth wireless device. Meanwhile, the wireless peer periodically polls the relay for all the incoming responses.

Considering both JXME proxied peers and JXME proxy less peers, architectures for mobile auction are proposed in this paper.

JXME framework used in the proposed architecture is helpful in order to overcome the major challenges of P2P mobile auction.

JXME is the mobile version of JXTA i.e JXTA inConnected device Configuration (CDC) and Connect Limited Device Configuration (CDLC) is called as JXME [3]. CDC uses C-Virtual machine (CVM) and CLDC uses Kilobyte Virtual Machine (KVM) instead of Java virtual machine (JVM). Both JXTA and JXME rely on same set of protocols and their basic organizational functionality is peer group. Peer group can be defined as a set of peers with common interest.

P2P MOBILE AUCTION PROCESS

Example of Query message

The user(peer) who wish to start the bidding, broadcasts a message to all other mobile devices connected through a wireless medium[3].The peers interested in auction (common interest) reply back to the peer to join in the group and actively participate in the auction.

Figure 4: Flow chart for P2P mobile Auction

ISSN: 2230-7818

the above example shows that advertisement type is of query message. b) Trust management Trust management is carried out differently in P2P from client/server due to its lack of centralization. Many interesting approaches have been formulated to have trust among peers. One such approach is that each and every peer has to rate among themselves based on their interactions. Ratings can be signed so that they can authenticate each other if necessary. A trust model in a P2P application should be able to handle the following issues.

Page 6

R.Rajkumar, et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 4, Issue No. 2, 004 - 009

c) Secure Communication Security is one of the major factors that should be considered in any networked ambience, and even P2P networks are not exempted from these security issues. Security attacks in P2P systems can be categorized into two types active and passive network attack [11].JXTA has many built-in security features that can enhance applications built over it. Some of the JXTA security features are

All these modes of money transfer has its own advantages and disadvantages [10].Here we consider Online P2P payment service would be more flexible and secure. There are a number of companies enabling online P2P payments, one such company is paypal which acts as a intermediate company and offers individuals to process the credit card payments securely.

 Secure Transport layer (TLS)—TLS, also known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) V3.1, is depeded on public key technology.  Peer certificates.  Personal security environment.

Through Cash or Cheque.  Bank Account transfer.  Online P2P payment services.

 Peer Confidence - Trust between the peers.  Codat Confidence -Trust between the peer and codat (code + data).  Risk – This is used to show the peer’s reliability, performance attributes. Poblano is one such kind of trust management model that supports all these issues in JXTA platform [11].

Figure 5: P2P mobile payment

VII.

PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE

A. Proxied Peers

For the proposed architecture Personal security environment would be the best choice since it provides an peer ID and a password for every individual peer participating in the bidding process. This personal security environment helps in defending the local attackers.

d) Secure financial transaction Secure Financial transaction can be done through in different ways such as

Mobile devices (peers) with limited resources and less capability are connected to a special peer called relay peer or rendezvous peer in order to communicate with other peer groups in JXTA/JXME. These are called peers proxied peers. A relay peer is capable of handling 150 peers[3].A relay peer is help full in effective communication among different peers.The below architecture represents the overview of P2P Mobile auction in mobile devices making use of JXTA/JXME framework.

Figure 6: P2P mobile auction using JXTA/JXME in proxied peer

ISSN: 2230-7818

Page 7

R.Rajkumar, et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 4, Issue No. 2, 004 - 009

From the above architecture it can be explained that peers in different peer groups can communicate with each other through a relay peer. A relay peer which has many advantages [1] plays a major role in P2P proxy based mobile auction. Initially the mobile user(peer) who wish to start the bidding send a query message to the relay peer. Based on the request from a node the message are broadcasted to all other nodes in the network. A relay peer contain all UID’s of the peers that are interested in to participate the mobile auction. When there are more than one relay peer, they can communicate among them in a peer to peer fashion. Along with this peers in different peer group can join in the interested peer group simultaneously by generating a new ID, that could be recognized by the relay peer in which it is joining.

a) Pros and cons of Proxy less peers in auction

a) Pros and cons of proxied peer auction architecture

Proxy less peers

Cons  No security for authentication of peers to join a group and to communicate.  Higher resource consumption due to direct participation in JXTA network. Approach to Implementation

Using JXME API mobile auction system can be implemented. JXME API consists of 3 classes,Peer Network, Message and element.

 Main goal of proxied peer is to minimize the resource consumption.  Connecting to a relay peer allows more number of peers to participate in auction.  Relay peer handles the basic security aspects and manages all peers. Cons  If auction is among small group, no use of relay peers.  The communication between a Proxied and RelayPeer is performed using HTTP which is not so secure.

 Performs Input and output TCP connections through pipes.

Pros

Pros  Does not depend on relay peer.

Mobile devices (peers) that do not rely or depend on any super peer in order to communicate with other peers are called as proxy less peers. Architecture below represents different groups of proxy less peers participating in P2P mobile auction.

Figure7: Class diagram of JXME API

a) Element An element represents a JXME message element, which is used by the developer to custmize JXME messages. A namespace is used for group elements, as in XML. The developers are allowed to create their own namespaces for the message elements. The Element class has 4 parameters  name – name of an Element  data – the details that are to be transported over the network  namespace – The Element uses, like XML, to categorize the elements  mime Type – the mime type of the data. Default is ―application/octet-stream‖.

Figure 9: P2P mobile process in proxy less peers.

ISSN: 2230-7818

Page 8

R.Rajkumar, et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 4, Issue No. 2, 004 - 009

VIII. CONCLUSION

b) Message Class

Figure 8: Message Header

c. Peer Network class

The PeerNetwork class takes care of all the communication with the relay peer, such as connecting to the JXTA network, creating and searching for different advertisements.The elements of PeerNetwork class are create Instance() : Creates a new instance of PeerNetwork connect() : Connects to the relay peer. create() : Creates a new Peer, PeerGroup or Pipe join() : Asks the proxy to join a PeerGroup. Application can then use the createInstance() method to create a new instance which would be a member of the group. listen() : Opens a Pipe to take input. search() : Used to search the Peers, PeerGroups or Pipes. send() : Method for sending data to a specified Pipe. poll() : polls the proxy for new messages.

    

     

By making use of all these classes and methods we can implement the P2P mobile auction system using JXTA/JXME.

ISSN: 2230-7818

This paper proposed an P2P mobile auction architecture based on JXTA/JXME framework. From this we can conclude that proxy based P2P mobile auction would be good architecture to practically implement mobile auction process. Since JXTA and JXME are open source projects, by considering the security aspects in mobile peer to peer communication, we plan to implement an P2P mobile based auction system in nearby future. REFERENCES Tahmina Tahsin, Lazeeb Faiz Choudhury, Md. Lutfur Rahman,‖Peer- to Peer Mobile Applications Using JXTA/JXME‖ Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT 2008)25-27 December, 2008, Khulna, Bangladesh.

[2]

Peter LeongI, Chunyan Miao2, Beng Kiat Lim, Jian Wei Lim, Clifford Chen, Nur Dianna, and Wen Bin Toh, ‖Agent Mediated Peer-toPeer Mobile Service-Oriented Architecture‖, 2007 Inaugural IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST 2007), 2007.

[3]

Marc Domingo-Prieto, JoanArnedo-Moreno, JordiHerrera-Joancomarti,― JXTA security in mobile constrained devices‖ 2010 IEEE 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops.

[1]

The message class represents a JXTA Message, composed of an array of elements. The Message object is passed between the relay and JXME device, and a method for sending the Message for elements must be created on both sides. The figure shows the Elements of a JXME Message.The body of the message describe the different elements sent between JXME client and proxy relay.

[4]

Upkar Varshney, Ron Vetter,‖ A Framework for the Emerging Mobile Commerce Applications‖, Proceedings of the 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2001.

[5]

Yu Zhou, Zhiyuan Fang, Li Ning,‖ A peer-to-peer e-market organized within mobile devices based on distributed services ‖ IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering.

[6]

WilliamYeager and Joseph Williams,‖Secure Peer-to-Peer Networking:The JXTA Example, March ❘April 2002 IT Pro.

[7]

Amund Tveit, ‖peer-to-peer based recommendation for Mobile Commerce‖ ACM Mobile Commerce Workshop 2001, july, 2001, Rome, Italy.

[8]

Shintaro Okazaki,‖ New Perspectives On M-Commerce Research‖ Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, VOL. 6, NO.3, 2005.

[9]

Jerry Gao, Ph.D., Krishnaveni Edunuru, Jacky Cai, and Simon Shim, Ph.D, ‖ P2P-Paid: A Peer-to-Peer Wireless Payment System‖ Proceedings of the 2005 Second IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Commerce and Services (WMCS’05),2005.

[10]

Työn nimi _ Arbetets title,‖ From B2C to C2C e-commerce, course

essay, 1 st may 2006.

[11]

Daniel Brookshier, Darren Govoni, Navaneeth Krishnan, Juan Carlos Soto,‖ JXTA – JAVA P2P Programming “,March 22 2002.

[12]

Sun Microsystems, ― Project JXTA‖, 2001, http://www.jxta.org.

[13]

SunMicrosystems,― ProjectJXME‖,2003,https://jxta-jxme.dev.java.net.

Page 9