Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 052 - 055
AN OVERVIEW OF HUMAN BRAIN HYPOTHERMIA DETECTION SYSTEM
Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive
Dr. L.G Malik
M.E VIsem(Embedded system & Computing) G.H.Raisoni.College of Engineering. Nagpur, India ashlesha.nagdive@gmail.com
Professor, Computer Science & Engineering G.H.Raisoni.College of Engineering. Nagpur, India lgmalik@rediffmail.com
consists of simultaneous management of various
down to 33 C produces pronounced prophylactic
of intracranial temperature (ICT) and pressure
vital physiological functions, a decoupling control (ICP) is proposed to give hints on this systemic medicine.Ischemic brain injury from oxygen deprivation affects synaptic transmission, axonal
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effect protecting the brain from anoxia. Hypothermia occurs mainly during Head Injury, IschaemicStroke, Prenatal Asphyxia, Cardiac Surgery, Neurosurgery, Vascular Surgery. The main objective is develop Human Brain Hypothermia Detection system, thermoelectric hypothermic wearable helmet and to develop a Respiratory Manipulation oxygen mask that is capable of detecting breathing activities and indicating breathing rate, intensity and apnea. Brain hypothermia treatment (BHT) is efficient in decompressing the intracranial hypertension in neurosurgery.
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Abstract: Hypothermia of brain in conditions of anesthesia with the rectal temperature lowered
Keywords: Hypothermia, hypothermic wearable helmet, Brain hypothermia treatment (BHT),
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Respiratory rate meter, Brain computer Interface. I.INTRODUCTION:
Reducing oxygen consumption by cerebral
tissue that Causes Craniocerebral Hypothermia (CCH). Hypothermia of brain is conditions where
rectal temperature lowered down below 33 C. Brain
conduction, and cellular action potential firing in a sequential manner and plays a critical role in determining characteristics of EEG. Upon the restoration of normal oxygen supply, recovery of neurons is contingent upon the severity and duration of ischemia. The features of the EEG power spectrum during recovery are known to be indicative of the course and extent of recovery. Thus, the information content of the EEG is expected to include a more direct assessment of the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia[1]. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is the system which captures and decodes the brain signal in order to transform the human intentions directly into actions. This helps the paralyzed, brain injured, and spinal cord injured patient to restore their abilities, particularly in communication, wheelchair
hypothermia treatment (BHT) is efficient in
control
decompressing the intracranial hypertension in
treatment (BHT) requires proper mechanical
neurosurgery.
A
model
the
ventilation and therapeutic cooling. The effect of
hemodynamic
and
the
to
temperature on the linear approximations of
quantitatively predict transient responses of the
hemoglobin–oxygen dissociation, together with
elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) to ambient
temperature dependency of metabolism.
integrating thermodynamics
or
rehabilitation.Brain
hypothermia
cooling. As brain hypothermia treatment(BHT)
ISSN: 2230-7818
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Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 052 - 055
Concerning the respiratory management during
however, extracranial data do not exactly reflect
BHT, arterial CO2 partial pressure generally falls
brain temperature due to time lag, restricted
below normal if the ventilator is set as in
perfusion,
normothermia, while the influence of impaired O2
integration of real-time simulation of hemodynamic
delivery to the tissue could be reduced in BHT
and temperature may enhance safety of the patient
because of the decline in O2 demand at lower
by providing detailed information on perfusion and
temperature.
temperature of the organs. The model accounts for the
effects
and
of
technical
limitations.
hypothermia
and
Hence,
acid–base
management on circulatory regulation
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
and
thermoregulation. The focus of this paper is on the temperature model and the application to patients
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undergoing aortic surgery in deep hypothermia. The World Health Organization has also reported that depressive disorders are projected to reach second place in the ranking of disability-adjusted
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life years calculated for all ages by 2020.
III.DESIGN METHODOLOGY:
HBHS consists of a thermoelectric hypothermic wearable helmet, a control and a power unit.
two decades have lead to an exponential increase of
Temperature sensors.
monitoring options in surgery, anesthesia, and
Manipulate temperature metabolism.
considerably enhanced by the availability of
Adaptive control algorithm.
surveillance for a large number of physiological
Design digital respiratory detecting periodical breathing.
to
3digit BCD counter CD4553.
inaccessibility of crucial parameters. Aortic surgery
AT 89C51 Microcontroller.
Single side PCB.
Technological achievements of the past
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intensive care. The safety of patients has been
parameters. However, there are still gaps in on
actual
situations
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information in
deep
hypothermia
is
still
a
due
high-risk
procedure[5].Even newer publications report a
dependency
device
of
for
mortality of 12%–16% and permanent neurologic dysfunction in 4%–10% of patient. Information on cerebral perfusion and temperature is important to detect a mismatch between oxygen availability and consumption. Conclusions on perfusion can be drawn
preoperatively
from
transcranial
measurement of blood flow and oxygen saturation, but such data are often not available. Temperature management relies on nasopharyngeal temperature
ISSN: 2230-7818
IV.BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE Contemporary views about the nature and origins of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and evoked responses (ER’s) are presented. However, a brief review is given below of those characteristics of the signal that are most relevant to the present discussion.EEG signals, collected on the humans clap are fluctuations of electrical
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Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 052 - 055
potential that reflect activity in underlying brain
literature is a positive deflection occluding around
structures and particularly in the cerebral cortex
300 ms. In experiments involving a behavioural
below the scalp surface. The signal energy appears
task, they are enhanced both by the rarity and the
confined mostly to low frequencies and especially
taker levance of the initial event.
around the 1Hz alpha rhythm and below.
Artifacts: Potential fluctuations of nonneural
Amplitudes vary typically in the 5 to 50-mV range.
origin are called artifacts. These include electro
This continuous activity is spatially distributed over
ocular potentials (EOG) and muscle potentials from
the scalp and can be described as a nonstationary
neck, scalp and face (including eye blinks), as well
or, at best, piece wise stationary time series.
as
electrocardiographic
signals
(ECG).Event
related potentials have received considerable
of light or a tap on the forearm is delivered to a
attention in recent years and have become an
subject, a perturbation of the on-going EEG takes
essential research tool in psychophysiology and
place, starting after some delay following the initial
human neurophysiology.
event (stimulus) and spreading over half a second or less. The changes in signal amplitude, due to the
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When a brief sensory stimulus such as a flash
IV.FUTURE SCOPE
A number of clinical applications have also
interacting with the on-going activity. Because of
made their appearance and lately sophisticated
these conditions, the existence and consistency of
evoked response procedures have been developed
evoked response have been generally shown by
to evaluate visual or auditory acuity, chart the
averaging stimulus bound EEG epochs over a
progress of demyelinising diseases that impair
number of stimulations. The averages shows
nerve propagation and even to test brain functions
distinct wave shapes although one location is
for perceptual and cognitive disorders[9]. However,
clearly more favourable than the other, individual
as more demand is put on this measure of brain
epochs, however, fluctuate wildly. A tentative
activity the limitations and inadequacies of time-
classification of these ERP’s can be made as
locked averages as descriptors of evoked events
follows:
become more apparent. The hardware of this
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perturbation, are small, and buried in as well as
system consists mainly of two major parts: a
by visual, auditory, somatosensory and olfactory
wireless physiological signal acquisition module
stimuli as well as by direct electrical stimulation of
and an embedded signal processing module. First,
the afferent pathways. Their presence is most
EEG signal was obtained by EEG electrode, and
prominent at short “latencies” (e.g. within 50 to
then was amplified and filtered by EEG amplifier
150 ms).
and acquisition unit in the physiological acquisition
Motor ERP’s: Responses found accompanying
module. Next, EEG signal was pre-processed by
voluntary movement that may in fact precede the
microprocessor
actual behavioural event. The phenomenon has
embedded signal processing module wirelessly via
been shown for limb movement as well as with
wireless transmission unit. After receiving EEG
phonation and eye movement.
signal, it would be monitored and analyzed by our
“Long Latency” Potentials: These refer to
drowsiness detection algorithm implemented in
potential changes taking place some 250 to 450 ms
embedded
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Sensory ERP’s: Responses that have been elicited
unit
signal
and
transmitted
processing
to
the
unit
after the initial event. Most prominent in the
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Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 052 - 055
The spontaneous respiratory simulation is one main task of medical patient simulator. Based on the principle of breath, muscle pressure as source power is input into the breath system. Breath system is simulated as two lumped compartments, airway resistance and compliance. The output of the breath system is the flow of respiratory. Compared to the former method that two parameters (R and C) are used as linear coefficient, we avoided the oversimplifications inherent in previous models, namely linear treatment of the breathing mechanics. Nonlinear resistance is used in
this
model[2].In
complicated
model
order and
to
complete
control
the
actuator
[6] L. Gaohua, and H. Kimura, "A mathematical model of intracranial pressure dynamics for brain hypothermia treatment," J. Theor. Biol. Vol, 2009. [7] Wei Liu, Huanqing Feng, Chuanfu Li, Yufeng Huang, Dehuang Wu and Tong Tong,“ Accelerated Detection of Intracranial Space-occupying Lesions with CUDA Based on Statistical Texture Atlas in Brain HRCT”,2009. [8] HongLi Zhu LiYuan Bai,“Temperature Monitoring System Based on AT89C51 Microcontroller” Zhengzhou ,China 2009. [9] Dan Wu, Lei Wang, Member, Yuan-Ting Zhang, Fellow,Bang-Yu Huang, Bo Wang,Shao-Jie Lin, and Xiao-Wen Xu,“A Wearable Respiration Monitoring System Based on Digital Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography”, 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 2009.
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simultaneous, LabVIEW and simulink program are
[5] Z. Khalili, M. H. Moradi,“Emotion Recognition System Using Brain and Peripheral Signals:Using Correlation Dimension to Improve the Results of EEG” Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, June, 2009.
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embedded signal processing unit.
used both, simulation interface toolkits (SIT) being
the bridge between the two different languages. The simulated flow wave is more similar to the real
breathing in that the expiratory flow is smoother
than in the linear model. The parameters of Rand
C can be adjusted by knob in LabVIEW. And the controlling peripheral apparatus task can also be
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accomplished by LabVIEW DAQcard.
[10] N. Watthanawisuth, T. Lomas, A. Wisitsoraat, A.Tuantranont,”Wireless Wearable Pulse Oximeter for Health Monitoring using ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network”,Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Pathumthani, Thailand ,2009.
V. REFERENCES :
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[1] Shao-Hang Hung, Che-Jui Chang, ”Development of Real Time wireless Brain computer interface for drowsiness detection”,2010.
[2] He Zhonghai, Shan Fang,”Simulation of spontaneous respiration nonlinear model driven by muscle pressure”,2010 International Conference on E-Health Networking, Digital Ecosystems and Technologies.
[3] Murizah Kassim, Cik Ku Haroswati Cik Ku Yahaya,”A Prototype Of Web Based Temperature Monitoring System”, 2010 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer (ICETC) [4] Huang Wen-tian,Li Jin-ping,”Research and design Of Intelligent temperature Control system” 2010 second international workshop on education Technology and computer science
ISSN: 2230-7818
@ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.
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