Nikhil Wyawahare et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 6, Issue No. 1, 031 - 034
A Design Approach for Vehicle Black Box System Using FPGA Based LIN Controller 1 Nikhil Wyawahare
2 Milind khanapurkar
1 Research student, ECE Department G.H. Raisoni college of Engineering Nagpur, India
2 Professor, Head of Department, ECE Department G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering Nagpur, India m_khanapurkar@rediffmail.com
nikhilwvre3@rediffmail.com
now demanded more where vehicle communicate with the world, devices with them this will create more opportunity to develop advanced communication devices which are isn’t smart to tell its status and its internal working pro forma at same time of activation or in the middle of journey. A smart vehicle is always look after on its all devices which is sensed every some time instances decided by the programmer. Paper is divided into sixth sections; Section 2 narrates review and discussion related to LIN protocol and design for hardware structure. Electronic Control units (ECUs), hardware used components
Index Term- LIN – Local Interconnect network, ADCAnalog to digital convertor, FPGA- Field programmable gate array, DIP – Dual In Line package.
By the use of LIN protocol a design approach is made of, like to stored Speed, temperature, and sound etc. sensor which is used to detect the physical change in environment surrounding to vehicle which is under test. A sensed data is never to be look directly as digital stage. Then there is moral responsibility to convert it first into digital one. Then and then some action which is assumed to be consider for controlled sensed data in. for digital conversion ADC0809CCN is used as successive approximation style of conversion. IC ADC0809CCN is in DIP package 28 pin. Here pin no 26and 27 are used for input data. When logic 1 to the soc pin; conversion process started as action is taken on to the analog sensed data; rate of conversion is fully depend on the pin no 11, 12, 9 these pins are used for threshold value comparison here we kept all of these on + 5v (logic 1). And pin no 23, 24, 25 are used for channel selection. As one more important thing is consider when we are working with FPGA kit it required + 3.3v supply input data only. For that we are familiar to use a 3.3v zener diode after data out from ADC controller same for all D0-D7 bit. Digitized data is stored according to the controller action. A three channel ADC controller is used to select proper input that is sensor part for vehicle. For our data input we are considering three different types of sensor. A first sensor is used for audio, second for temperature and third last but not least speeds. For audio recording a condenser mic is used to sense driver conversation, mic gives analog voltage equivalent to audio after amplifying these voltages by using IC 741 it is given to pin no 26 of ADC0809CCN.
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I. INTRODUCTION
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new technology tell for future to do fully automated system may call as good driving experience with driver comforts and safety. But it is also look after for economical standard in today’s world. As expectation from vehicular manufacture, researchers led to design easily interlinking with ECU part now are very common. ECU part required the communication media with intelligent system may known as controller mostly the controller having its internal bus mechanism that will help to communicate with each other. Here LIN act as Controller which having one master and we can design system up to 16 salves which are connected to its master with link called as bus. LIN is used for controlling between controller and device. The LIN is a serial communication protocol which efficiently supports the control of mechatronic nodes in distributed automotive applications. Lin bus has Single master / multiple slaves (maximum 16) configuration with self synchronized low cost silicon single wire implementation with around 20 k bits/ s data transfer rate. Master task is allowed to transmit the message header and slave task responds to the header. Because there is no arbitration, to avoid error multiple slave reception, the slave is specified with application. The master checks the Consistency of message and can change message schedule. To reduce the power consumption of the system, a LIN node may be sent to sleep node which has no internal activity & passive bus driver. A new methodology is
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Abstract— a design approach for vehicle Black Box system using FPGA Based LIN Controller. It is proposed that the system will consists of monitor as LIN Controller. Which on activation test its run application after authentication it will form packets of emergency data depending upon spontaneous situation & risk; Packets which are generated through LIN Controller namely flows in all network buses which are connected to LIN master and Slaves. As on the same time packets are store into the memory which is present in FPGA as a Black Box for vehicle. Stored data we can retrieve for analysis to see accident cause or any emergency situation occurs. Analog to digital conversion is required for digital data in along with controller for Black Box. Fully hardware is responsible for sensed data in to memory part of Black Box and VHDL language is used for coding
II. REVIEW & DESIGN
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Nikhil Wyawahare et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 6, Issue No. 1, 031 - 034
Clk Rd_n Cs_n We_n Ad Di D0
Reg. block LIN Controller module
Control FSM
Data Buffer
Bit Timing Logic
Bit Stream Process or
Figure: 3 Actual hardware for Block Box System
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Figure: 1. LIN module
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Figure: 1 shows block schematic of typical LIN module.
Physical Data From Sensors
Audio
Temp.
A D C 0 8 0 9
FPGA LIN Controller Black Box System
On Chip Memory
Recorded Audio
Temp
On Board LED Display
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III. LIN INTERFACE MODULE
Figure: 2 shows that the data packet thus formed will be transmitted to all the Subsystems via networks in the vehicle. The subsystem depending upon the data will operate and will take action. Main action of black box is to store every input which is sensed from device. Here code for memory is totally depend on the memory size for testing purpose we keep as 64 bytes of value which led to 0 to 15 address line. As we can increase the memory size by increasing only address line no. thus we are mention that FPGA kit is Xilinx Spartan-3 XC3S200, FT256AF, D1345180A, 4C use by us that having standard memory size 256 kb. So we are working on that support only. In Reference [5] Temperature measurement a use of LM 35 Transistor. Figure 3 also shows that single connector wire with bug connector, ribbon wire is connected for Connection. + 9v battery system for power driven to whole circuit design which is much more economy.
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For temperature measure we used LM 35 which is small in size and give 10mv/°c value output for every sensation. Its value is always in analog is required to be convert in to digital so after digital conversion its input is given to the pin no 27 of IC0809CCN. Finally for Speed is directly measure from such sensor which gives digital pulses for any motion; here motion is taken from vehicle wheel rotation. For demo purpose we consider as opto-coupler. Here selection of which channel is now to be used is totally depend on the controller code program. As we can manually also check for each sensor for that just we have to do a contact of input to pin no 26 and 27 respectively to IC 0809CCN manually at one time one in put only. Complete hardware is going to be run on the power supply of +9v battery. A most of IC are run on the + 5v supply. Then L 7805 IC is used to convert as desired value for operation. Again we are coming for FPGA section as digital input is given separately to FPGA input configured port. So we used single bug connector. Before every bug point zener diode is active to 3.3 values.
Figure: 3 shows that actual hardware for the ADC controller and sensors like for Temperature measurement LM 35 Transistor, for Audio recording; Condenser mic with amplifier circuit. And also we can sense Speed by using Optocoupler. All these connection are made with A1 Expansion Slot with FPGA board. IV. A DESIGN APPROACH TO INTELLIGENT VEHICLE BLACK BOX SYSTEM
In Reference [1] LIN is low cost single wire implementation with speed of 20kbit/s It works on single master multiple slave concept. Master task and Slave task handle transfer of information. Master task has Synch. Break, synch byte, ID field and slave task has wit for synch break, synchronize with synch break, perform as per ID. LIN master slave have to manage error handling like bit error, checksum error, slave no answer error, bad synchronization frame.
Figure: 2 Block diagram of vehicular black box system Figure: 4 LIN massage frame
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Nikhil Wyawahare et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 6, Issue No. 1, 031 - 034
Figure: 6 shows that data in wave form for the ADC Controller; this data is in 8 bit format same window is also shows the status for soc =1 pin no 6 & 22 after that actual conversion is started as soon as the data is force into the respective memory, i.e. audio is stored in audio memory block. And Temperature is store in the Temperature memory block which is shown in to next diagram. As after the full conversion of 8-bit data through ADC controller got eoc =1 is to pin no 7. This will force the final data into the memory block.
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V. SIMULATION RESULTS
Figure: 6 Data input wave form for ADC Controller
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All LIN uses a single message frame format to synchronize and address the nodes and exchange the data between them. The master defines the transmission speed and sends the header of the message frame see figure 4.This header starts with a sync brake followed by a synch field to synchronize the LIN slaves to the master’s bit rate. The ID is the last header block; it holds information about the sender, receiver and data field length. In Reference [2] states that proposed a design approaches for intelligent vehicle safety system. A proposed safety system will look after the emergency data handling for in-vehicle networking Thus in emergency Situations, the system will provide or pass on the data to all the sub systems/ buses, which are operating in the vehicle. The Data will be passed on to subsystems through LIN bus. The nodes (subsystems) connected in the network on emergency situation data reception can take the appropriate action. The data will also get registered or stored in the Black Box within the system for making the further analysis of emergency situations.
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Message Frame:
Figure: 5 Code Compilation Windows
Figure: 5 show that VHDL code compilation window for the ADC Controller, Black box (LIN Controller), with memory code.
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ď€ Figure :7 audio data stored in audio memory block
Figure: 7 shows that analog audio signal is successfully converted by ADC controller and by channel slection respective audio data which is now in digitised form is forced into repective audio memory.
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Nikhil Wyawahare et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 6, Issue No. 1, 031 - 034 VI. CONCLUSION
After the testing of the different parameter though the sensor it is observed that data is easily stored in the memory which is created within itself. LED shows the individual data stored into the respected memory. With VHDL support which is much economy to implement in practically. As ECU part is much more flexible and available in bulk; that support the future aspect which required intelligence from the automobile part and stored data is retrieved easily for to know cause of error and risk at emergency condition that make future more safe. REFERENCES
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Figure: 8 show that similarly temperature data in analog is being converted into digital first and then it is forced in to the temperature memory.
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Figure: 8 Temperature data is stored in Temperature memory block
[1] Dakshata Gharode, Milind khanapurkar, Dr Preeti Bajaj “Design Approach for in vehicle networking using Local Interconnect Network (LIN) in master/slave configuration” International Conference ACVIT -07, November 28 to 30, 2007 [2] Milind Khanapurkar, Dr Preeti Bajaj, Dakshata Gharode “A design approach for intelligent vehicle black box system with Intra-vehicular communication using LIN /FLEXRAY protocol” ICIT 2008 International conference on Industrial technology, Chengdu, China. April 21 to 24. [3] Dakshata Gharode, Milind khanapurkar, Dr Preeti Bajaj “Design approach for local interconnect network (LIN) in master slave Configuration.” ETCC, Hamirpur. .July 27 to 28, 2007.
[4] A Shrinath a Emadi, “Electrical control units for automotive
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electrical power system: communication and networks”.
Figure: 9 RTL View for Black box (LIN Controller)
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Figure: 9 shows that RTL view for Black box system, data_in (7:0), clk, eoc are the 3-inputs. and channel (1:0), and memory_data (7:0), soc are the 3-outputs.
International journal of automobile engineering proc of the institution of mechanical Engineers .vol 218, partD, pp 217230, 2004, U.K. [5] LIN general specification http://www.lin-subbus.org/ [6] LIN transceiver- TJA1020 LIN Transceiver - www.semiconductors.philips.com/pip/tja1020t [7] Digilent Spartan 3 Featuring Xilinx Spartan FPGAs www.digilentinc.com
Figure: 10 RTL View for ADC controller
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