77FACTS WAYS AIR POLLUTION HINDERS ABOUT MATERNAL HEALTH YOUR HEALTH
300,000 AROUND
AIR POLLUTION
CITIZENS FROM
HAS A DIRECT EFFECT ON MORTALITY AND HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS.
30%
HAVE UP TO A GREATER RISK SOME OF DYING THANMILLION
215
WOMEN DIE DUE TO MOSTLY PREVENTABLE COMPLICATIONS AROUND PREGNANCY, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DELIVERY OR THE POST-PARTUM PERIOD DISEASE (COPD) EMERGENCY ROOM EVERY YEAR. ADMISSIONS AND DAILY AIR POLLUTION
THOSE FROM LOW WOMEN LACK ACCESS POLLUTED CITIES. TO SAFE AND EFFECTIVE
LEVELS IN BARCELONA DAILY COPD EMERGENCY ADDMISSIONS
THE MOST POLLUTED CITIES
CONTRACEPTION.
WINTER
SUMMER Source: The six cities study: PM2.5 –MORTALITY (Dockery , NEJM 1993)
99% 20
30
40
50
60
BLACK SMOKE CONCENTRATIONS IN ΜG/M3
40%
Source: Sunyer et al, Am J Epidemiol 1991
OF ALL MATERNAL DEATHS ARE CONCENTRATED IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.
ECUADOR
IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA AND SOUTHERN ASIA PERÚ
OF DELIVERIES ARE ATTENDED BY SKILLED HEALTH PARTICLES PROFESSIONAL
ON HUMAN HEALTH DEPEND ON THEIR SIZE.
BOLÍVIA
50%
TRAFFIC
OF WOMEN RECEIVE THE RECOMMENDED NOSE, THROAT: 4 ANTENATAL VISITS.
IS THE SOURCE WITH THE HIGHEST ACUTE EFFECTS ON MORTALITY.
GLOBALLY,
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EFFECTS ONLYOF
HUGE
Particles < 30 µm
GLOBAL AVERAGE
Particles < 10 µm SO2, NO2, ozone
TRACHEA, BRONCHI, BRONCHIOLI:
INEQUALITIES KEEP THE MOST MARGINALIZED WOMEN FROM RECEIVING MATERNAL HEALTH CARE.
PULMONARY OVER THE LAST DECADE MATERNAL ALVEOLI:
HEALTH HAS NOT BEEN PRIORITIZED:
31%
OF THE POOREST QUINTILE OF WOMEN
Ultrafine particles < 0.1 µm
PULMONARY TISSUE, CIRCULATION:
THE RICHEST 84% OF QUINTILE OF WOMEN
LESS THAN 4% Particles < 2-3 µm FAMILY NOTO 2, ozone PLANNING
LESS THAN 7% OF OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA) WAS DEVOTED TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
PARTICULLATE POLLUTION HAS CLEAR
HAVE DELIVERIES ATTENDED BY SKILLED HEALTH PERSONNEL
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS.
RISK
OF LUNG FUNCTION PROBLEMS IS AT THIS RATE, HIGHER IN POLLUTED OF A REDUCTION OF 75%AREAS.
MICE ARTERIES
MATERNAL HEALTH
THE MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL
IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST EXPOSED TO
& UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING
DISTANCE TO BUSY ROADS AND CHILDHOOD
CONCENTRATED OFF TRACK EXPOSED TO FILTERED PARTICLES (PM2.5) MILLENNIUM (CLEAN) AIR
DEVELOPMENT GOAL
ASTHMA IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
WILL NOT BE ACHIEVED BY 2015.
MDG5 RR=1.4
ASTHMA RISK
FOR MORE INFO VISIT WWW.ISGLOBAL.ORG RR=1.0 ATHEROSCLEROSIS
0
Source: Sun Q. et al., JAMA 2005.
100
200
300
400
500
DISTANCE TO BUSY ROADS IN METERS Source: McConnell et al, EHP 2006
ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTIONS
35.6% DECREASE OF
BLACK SMOKE
5
10.3% DECREASE OF
CARDIOVASCULAR DEATHS
Average: 4.4 deaths/day
4
1991
0
Source: Clancy et al., Lancet 2002.
FOR MORE INFO VISIT WWW.ISGLOBAL.ORG AND WWW.CREAL.CAT
1997
Average: 3.8 deaths/day
3 1984
HEALTH.
6
DEATHS
IMPROVE AIR QUALITY AND
COAL BAN IN DUBLIN, 1990