Manuscripta Buddhica by IsIAO

01 Frontespizio e indice (pp. 1-6):Layout 1 16/11/09 08:39 Pagina 3

ASIEN-AFRIKA-INSTITUT ISTITUTO ITALIANO PER L’AFRICA E L’ORIENTE UNIVERSITÁ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI “L’ORIENTALE”

MANUSCRIPTA BUDDHICA 1

Sanskrit Texts from Giuseppe Tucci’s Collection Part I Edited by Francesco Sferra

R O M A ISTITUTO ITALIANO PER L’AFRICA E L’ORIENTE

2 0 0 8

01 Frontespizio e indice (pp. 1-6):Layout 1 16/11/09 08:39 Pagina 4

Published with grants from the Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici, Università di Napoli “L’Orientale”, and from the Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca

Printed in Italy – Stampato in Italia Finito di stampare nel mese di novembre 2009 Stampa A.G.O. srl - Roma per conto della Grafica e Stampa di G. Scalia via Dante de Blasi, 98 - 00151 Roma

01 Frontespizio e indice (pp. 1-6):Layout 1 16/11/09 08:39 Pagina 5

Contents

Foreword by Gherardo Gnoli.......................................................................................

Preface “Manuscripta Buddhica”................................................................................

Editorial Note and Acknowledgments...............................................................................

PART I Francesco SFERRA, Sanskrit Manuscripts and Photographs of Sanskrit Manuscripts in Giuseppe Tucci’s Collection.....................................................

Oscar NALESINI, Assembling Loose Pages, Gathering Fragments of the Past: Giuseppe Tucci and His Wanderings Throughout Tibet and the Himalayas, 1926-1954.....................................................................................................

PART II Vincent ELTSCHINGER, ‡aõkaranandana’s Sarvaj∞asiddhi. A Preliminary Report....

115

Eli FRANCO, Variant Readings from Tucci’s Photographs of the Yoginirñayaprakaraña Manuscript.................................................................................................

157

Paolo GIUNTA, The Åryadhvajågrakeyürå nåma dhåriñœ. Diplomatic Edition of MS Tucci 3.2.16.........................................................................................................

187

Albrecht HANISCH, Sarvarakßita’s Mañicü∂ajåtaka. Reproduction of the Codex Unicus with Diplomatic Transcript and Palaeographic Introduction to the Bhaikßukœ Script..................................................................................................

195

KANO Kazuo, Two Short Glosses on Yogåcåra Texts by Vairocanarakßita: Vi∫†ikå ™œkåvivr¢ti and *Dharmadharmatåvibhågavivr¢ti................................................... 343 KANO Kazuo, A Preliminary Report on Newly Identified Text Fragments in ‡åradå Script from Źwa lu Monastery in the Tucci Collection........................

381

Birgit KELLNER, A Missing Page from Durvekami†ra’s Dharmottarapradœpa on Nyåyabindu 3.15 and 3.18 in Context..................................................................

401

Birgit KELLNER and Francesco SFERRA, A Palm-leaf Manuscript of Dharmakœrti’s Pramåñavårttika from the Collection kept by the Nepalese råjaguru Hemaråja ‡arman...............................................................................................

423

Contributors...........................................................................................................

485

01 Foreword (pp. 7-8):Layout 1 16/11/09 08:41 Pagina 7

Foreword by Gherardo Gnoli

Manuscripta Buddhica, which is being inaugurated here as a sub-series of the Serie Orientale Roma (SOR), has been conceived by Harunaga Isaacson and Francesco Sferra as a joint publication of the IsIAO, the Asien-Afrika-Institut of Universität Hamburg and the Nepal Research Centre. It aims at studying and rendering accessible the rich collections of Buddhist Scriptures and texts in Sanskrit and in Indian languages. For future issues, the participation of other institutions, Universities and centres of research is planned. The first volume would itself not have been possible without the financial support of the Università di Napoli “L’Orientale”. As the two scientific directors of Manuscripta Buddhica explain in their preface (see below, pp. 9-10), the special characteristic of this sub-series is that full photographic reproductions of manuscript sources will be published together with related philological studies. This is not a completely new development if we consider, to give just a few examples, the fragments of Udbha™a’s commentary on the Kåvyåla∫kåra by Bhåmaha that Raniero Gnoli published in 1962 (vol. xxvII), the Tibetan manuscript of the Deb ther dmar po gsar ma by bSod nams grags pa that was published by Giuseppe Tucci in 1971 (vol. xxIv), the reproduction of a manuscript containing a Chinese text in Brahmœ script published by Ronald E. Emmerick and Edwin G. Pulleyblank in 1993 (vol. LxIx), and the facsimiles of the Khotanese Karmavibhaõga published by Mauro Maggi in 1995 (vol. LxxIv). These volumes contain complete reproductions of the manuscripts studied; with Manuscripta Buddhica we have a more systematic and at the same time more focused (i.e., concentrated on Buddhist texts of Indian origin) actualization of this tradition that is already present in the history of the Institute and of the SOR in particular. And it is precisely in order to underlie the continuity with the past that the logo of Manuscripta Buddhica has been chosen by the editors from the tradition of the Institute. It is a drawing of B. Bramanti that occurs for the first time in the frontispice of Filippo De Filippi, I Viaggiatori italiani in Asia, Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Roma 1934, which was the first volume in the Studi e Conferenze series. The content of the first volume is not an accidental choice; it is the first of many devoted to the collection of Sanskrit manuscripts gathered and/or photographed by Giuseppe Tucci throughout his long scholarly career. This is another initiative among the many undertaken in the last forty years to honour the main founder of modern oriental studies in Italy, and who in this case is one of the founders of the IsMEO and the founder of the SOR. We hope that Manuscripta Buddhica might soon become a reference point for buddhological research and a source of pride for the IsIAO and the other institutions involved. Rome, October 2008

02 Preface (pp. 9-10):Layout 1 16/11/09 08:43 Pagina 9

Preface “Manuscripta Buddhica”

This volume, which has been published with the financial support of the Università di Napoli “L’Orientale” (UNO), the Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici of the UNO, the Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca and the Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente (IsIAO), is part of a larger project: a sub-series of the Serie Orientale Roma called Manuscripta Buddhica. This sub-series will comprise not only Sanskrit manuscripts from the Tucci collection, as is the case with this inaugural volume, but also Sanskrit (and sometimes Middle-Indic and IndoIranian) manuscripts from other collections around the world; chiefly, however, the rich wealth of Buddhist manuscripts microfilmed by the Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project (NGMPP) and currently being catalogued in the Nepalese German Manuscript Cataloguing Project. This sub-series is co-published by the IsIAO, the Asien-Afrika-Institut (Universität Hamburg) and the Nepal Research Centre. The special characteristic of Manuscripta Buddhica is that photographic reproductions –when possible facsimile– of the manuscripts studied will be given, together with introductions and philological studies, which will often, though not always, include critical editions and translations of the texts. A few publications of this kind are known to us; but no series that is dedicated to such. The somewhat similar Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection: Buddhist Manuscripts, and the Gandhåran Buddhist Texts, two pathbreaking series of the highest quality, which has served as an inspiration, are both confined to narrowly defined, important, collections of manuscripts, chiefly from Afghanistan. The scope of Manuscripta Buddhica is wider; we intend to include manuscripts from various places and periods, with the majority being, however, from Northern India (including Nepal). Critical editions and philological text-studies form one of the most important bases of Buddhist studies. But of course critical editions are always hypotheses; and for serious scholars, even the finest critical edition cannot replace consultation of the manuscripts, the primary evidence, themselves. We envisage this series of books as providing all scholars interested in Buddhism and in Sanskrit literature and philology with a unique collection of reproductions of important primary materials, together with critical editions, translations and/or studies by specialists in the field. The Tucci collection, the manuscripts microfilmed by the NGMPP, and the other collections around the world from which material could be drawn are large and abound in important Buddhist material, much of which is as yet unpublished. There is thus a very large number indeed of individual projects that could find a place in Manuscripta Buddhica with the cooperation of scholars and institutions around the world. Already for the first volumes (for which

02 Preface (pp. 9-10):Layout 1 16/11/09 08:43 Pagina 10

Preface. “Manuscripta Buddhica”

our plans are outlined below), a number of scholars from different countries and institutions engaged in studying various texts, manuscripts of which were photographed by Råhula Såõkr¢tyåyana or by the NGMPP, but also by Giuseppe Tucci, have contributed their work. There will be two kinds of volumes within Manuscripta Buddhica: 1. collections of works on different manuscripts, and normally by different scholars, such as the present volume and the fourth volume (Iv - Texts from Giuseppe Tucci’s Collection. Part III), which, among other things, will include the edition of the Anyåpohasiddhi by ‡aõkaranandana, of the Cittånandapa™œ by Någårjuna, of three short glosses by vairocanarakßita (i.e. Sütrålaõkåra[vr¢tti], Mahåyånottaratantra™ippañœ, Madhyåntavibhågakatipayapadavivr¢ti), of the vr¢tti by vi muktisena on the Second, Third and Fourth Abhisamayas of the Abhisamayålaõkåra and the Larger Praj∞åpåramitå Sütra, and of the Caturyoginœsampu™atantra; and 2. monographic volumes with a single editor (or with collaborative editorship) dealing with a single work, author, or manuscript, such as the second and third volumes (II - The Sekanirde†a of Maitreyanåtha (Advayavajra) With the Sekanirde†apa∞jikå of Råmapåla. Critical Edition of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts, English Translation and Facsimiles, ed. by Harunaga Isaacson and Francesco Sferra with an Appendix by Klaus-Dieter Mathes; III - Texts from Giuseppe Tucci’s Collection. Part II, The First Bhåvanåkrama by Kamala†œla, Critical Edition of the Sanskrit Text and Annotated English Translation with Reproduction of the Codex Unicus, ed. by Francesco Sferra and Iain Sinclair. With Manuscripta Buddhica we will do our utmost to continue the mission inaugurated by Giuseppe Tucci, with the same scholarly aim and spirit, with work at the highest level of current scholarship. We would therefore like once more to express our gratitude and appreciation to the IsIAO and its authorities for agreeing to publish Manuscripta Buddhica as a new subseries of the series founded by Tucci, Serie Orientale Roma. Hamburg - Rome, May 2008 Harunaga Isaacson

and

Francesco Sferra

01 Sferra (pp. 15-40):Layout 1 16/11/09 08:46 Pagina 15

Sanskrit Manuscripts and Photographs of Sanskrit Manuscripts in Giuseppe Tucci’s Collection * FrANCESCO SFErrA

1. Introduction 1.1. During his scientific expeditions to India, Nepal, Tibet and Pakistan in the nineteen thirties, forties and fifties, Giuseppe Tucci (1894-1984) had the opportunity of photographing, and in many cases of having someone copy, several important Buddhist works. 1 Subsequently, most of the manuscripts that he photographed or copied entered the collections in Nepalese, Chinese and Pakistani libraries, but others were lost. At present Tucci’s reproductions of some of these manuscripts are the only documentation at our disposal. The study and cataloguing of the photographs and manuscripts now held in rome in the Library of the Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente (IsIAO) was begun in 1997 (officially on 12th June 1998) by Claudio Cicuzza and myself. The first results of our work have been published as an appendix to the first version of this paper published in Warsaw in 2000. At that time the scanning of the negatives was still underway, so our list was highly provisional, based mainly on the short titles written on the envelopes of the negatives and on the photographs already printed. During the last few years, not only it has been possible to correct this list here and there, sometimes with the help of other scholars, as we shall see below, but also to find further manuscripts and photographs of Sanskrit manuscripts that belonged to the Italian scholar –in the IsIAO Library, in the Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale ‘Giuseppe Tucci’ (MNAOr) and in a small but important private collection near rome– and eventually to gather more information regarding the history of Tucci’s expeditions and of the formation of his collection. 2

This is the revised and enlarged version of a paper that has been published in Studia Indologiczne 7 (cf. Sferra 2000) and which also contained a reproduction of ‡åkya†rœmitra’s Sarva†uddhivi†uddhi (pp. 415-421; cf. below, MS 3.1.19) and of Jitåri’s Sahopa lambhaprakaraña (pp. 423-447; cf. below, MS 3.1.24). I have a profound debt of gratitude towards Iain Sinclair, who provided me with substantial help in identifying several MSS, especially those of § 3.5. Special thanks are due to Susan Ann White and Iain Sinclair for their help in revising the English text. I would also like to thank Mauro Maggi for having read

the former version of this paper and made some useful suggestions. 1 Certainly Tucci did not photograph the MSS personally, for he declares his complete unfamiliarity with any kind of device, including the camera (“[F]ra me e quale che sia macchina, anche la macchina fotografica, resta un’assoluta incapacità di intesa”, 1996b: 17). Among his companions on the expeditions there was always a person responsible for the photographic reproductions. 2 This aspect of Tucci’s work has been studied by Oscar Nalesini; see below, pp. 79-112.

01 Sferra (pp. 15-40):Layout 1 16/11/09 08:46 Pagina 22

Francesco Sferra

Figs. 5-6. Grey folders

late Antonio Gargano and Giuseppe Tucci, and from 1952 up to 1966 it appeared in the list of works being prepared for the rome Oriental Series. It seems also that the manuscript was seen by Edward Conze – in a note he quotes the numbers of two folios (fols. 26-27) of the manuscript. 19 Kazunobu Matsuda kindly informed me in a letter of 6 th June 2000 that some years ago, after Giuseppe Tucci’s death, Professor Namikawa tried to contact Antonio Gargano through Namikawa’s Italian friend at the University of rome, and that Gargano told his friend that he himself was not involved in the Abhidharmasamuccayakårikå project and he had never seen the photos of the manuscript; furthermore, he suggested that Tucci had added his name only as a collaborator. Nor have we been able to locate the manuscript of Gopadatta’s Jåtakamålå in which Michael Hahn expressed an interest 20 or the wooden box (probably a wine crate) containing several palm-leaf manuscripts, mainly fragmentary, of Buddhist Tantric texts, which Tucci showed to his pupil raniero Gnoli and which was kept in the IsMEO Library for many years, but that at some point –strangely enough– was returned to Tucci’s widow after he died. Gnoli informs me that among the treasures kept inside this box there were certainly a Sekodde†a™œkå by Nåropå and an annotated Yoginœsa∞cåratantra. Furthermore, no trace has been found of the Mahåyånavi∫†ikå containing the Catu∆stavasamåsårtha of Amr¢tåkara, which Tucci himself published in the first volume of Minor Buddhist Texts. 21 It is also possible that Sanskrit manuscripts are still kept in Tucci’s home in San Polo dei Cavalieri, rome. Unfortunately, all attempts to get information and possibly access to these manuscripts have failed. recently I had the opportunity to find the manuscript of the Laghukålacakravimalaprabhå™œkå by Puñ∂arœka in Bhujimol script which I already studied via a microfilm kept in the IsIAO Library and briefly described in a note (1995), and which is being used by S.S. Bahulkar, who is preparing a new edition of the text. This manuscript has been given by an anonymous donor in 2004 (by

19 20

Conze 1962: 460, n. 7 (= chap. 2.2.1, n. 7). See Hahn 1992: 26, n. 27. Cf. Tucci 1933 (repr.

Tucci 1971: 232). 21 Cf. Tucci 1956: 233-246.

03 Sferra (pp. 67-78):Layout 1 10/11/09 23:44 Pagina 78

Francesco Sferra

Fig. 22. MS NAK 1-277, NGMPP A 41/14 (Ni†våsatattvasa∫hitå), fol. 10v, first half By courtesy of the National Archives Kathmandu and the Nepalese-German Manuscript Cataloguing Project

Fig. 23. MS Tucci 3.7.1 (Ni†våsatattvasa∫hitå), fol. 10v, first half

Fig. 24. MS NAK 1-277, fol. 10v, second half

Fig. 25. MS Tucci 3.7.1 fol. 10v, second half

01 Nalesini (pp. 79-111):Layout 1 16/11/09 09:04 Pagina 79

Assembling Loose Pages, Gathering Fragments of the Past: Giuseppe Tucci and His Wanderings Throughout Tibet and the Himalayas, 1926-1954 * OsCAr NALEsINI

1. Introduction Giuseppe Tucci owes a great part of his reputation to the lengthy and numerous expeditions throughout the Himalayas and Tibet he undertook between 1926 and 1954, the results of which have been extremely important to the development of modern studies of the region. Nevertheless, the works referring to Tucci’s life often contain confusing, inaccurate and, at times, clearly incorrect data on the dates and frequency of his travels, as if these were elements of secondary importance in his scientific career. 1 One must admit, however, that Tucci himself contributed to the confusion over the history of his own travels by providing imprecise data. 2 Tucci’s primary motive to undertake expeditions throughout Nepal and the Himalayas was the existence of voluminous libraries, especially those located within monasteries. He knew that these monasteries preserved remarkable collections in which many sanskrit Buddhist works, as well Tibetan translations, could be found. 3 However, Tucci believed that simply studying the written sources was insufficient; that any serious research had to combine studying in the library with fieldwork, an approach which he eventually saw adopted, especially in the field of archaeology. 4 Accordingly, he extended his research into the collection of any source he was able to discover regarding the history and prehistory of Tibet and Buddhism. These sources included, of course, literary, epigraphical and linguistic sources, but Tucci was also interested in apparently unrelated subjects, such as popular traditions, songs, devotional objects, etc., which were of little to no interest to other scholars of his time. Additionally, he stressed the importance of studying “the technological knowledge and

* This is a revised and updated version of two forthcoming articles originally written for the Institute of Archaeology of Beijing University and due to be published in Chinese (Nalesini forthc. 1, forthc. 2). I thank Edward Feldman for his help in revising the English text. 1 To the best of my knowledge, Mario Fantin (1972: 273) has published the most reliable (albeit with some mistakes concerning the earliest itineraries) record of the Tucci’s Tibetan expeditions to date. 2 The following are two examples (among many

to be discussed further on): in Indo-Tibetica Iv, Tucci mentions a famous hermit he encountered in Poo (Kunawar) in 1935 (Tucci 1941: 7-8, n. 2). This date is erroneous because Tucci visited Poo in 1931 and 1933, not in 1935. He also claimed (Tucci 1977: 64) to have travelled to Tholing and Tsaparang in 1931, 1932, and 1933. In fact, he was there in 1933 and 1935. In 1931, he failed to arrive at these two places, as will be explained below, and the expedition of 1932 never took place. 3 Tucci 1931b: 520-521; 1979: 7. 4 Tucci 1963: 11.

01 Nalesini (pp. 79-111):Layout 1 16/11/09 09:04 Pagina 84

Oscar Nalesini

Fig. 1. Tucci at Temi (sikkim), May 1926

received a manuscript from Poo containing the medium-length version of the biography of rin chen bza천 po. 32 Another puzzling point of the 1931 expedition is the extensiveness of the planned itinerary. It is true that during the expedition Tucci faced unexpected obstacles. He reported that unusually heavy rains caused his march to be slower than expected. 33 Furthermore, he recalls falling ill in a gorge between Ladakh and rupshu, 34 and apparently needing help again in shipki. 35 But, the reality is that the planned itinerary of the expedition was so long that even if Tucci had not experienced problems with landslides, rains and health, he would have had great difficulty in completing it in only four months. And this is even more puzzling because Tucci personally knew these places and was aware that, in some of the regions he planned to cross, even the poor facilities available in Ladakh did not exist. Moreover, he personally knew people who had already travelled there, and, therefore, was able to know in advance the infeasibility of the project. In fact, its realization eventually required three expeditions over the course of five years. In his correspondence with the Indian authorities, Tucci produced different justifications for his delay, according to convenience: in a letter to E.B. Howell written on 2nd March 1933, he referred to numerous discoveries of inscriptions, 36 and in a letter (probably addressed to Metcalfe) dated April 1933, he pleaded the inclemency of the weather.37 The impression is that these justifications were convenient and only partially true. 32

Tucci and Ghersi 1934: 169. Farrington 2002: 49. 37 Farrington 2002: 57.

Tucci 1933a: 53. Tucci 1933c: 246-247. 34 Tucci 1933c: 250.

01 Nalesini (pp. 79-111):Layout 1 16/11/09 09:05 Pagina 88

Oscar Nalesini

Fig. 3. Tucci’s team in the Chandra valley, June 1933. E. Ghersi is the first man from left (Neg. Dep. 6089/01)

nine of them (representing the gorge of Yichang and the cities of Nanjing, suzhou and Hangzhou) illustrate the chapter on China of the Geografia universale, edited by roberto Almagià. 51 In the same chapter, one also finds six images of Kailash and lake Manosarowar, signed ‘Tucci & Ghersi’. 52 Ghersi succeeded in doing an excellent job under difficult conditions. A large number of his photographs –those of greater scientific interest– represent the paintings and sculptures inside buildings. But, to photograph them in the early 1930s was much more difficult than one can imagine today. The narrow spaces and the scanty natural light entering through small windows and doors were real obstacles. The wide-angle lens was able to capture only a small portion of the painted walls without notable distortions, and the film used still had a very low sensitivity. Thus, the sole available sources of light were oil lamps and magnesium salts. But the lamps were able to uniformly illuminate only a small portion of the painted walls, therefore it was necessary to resort to magnesium. This solution had serious drawbacks: once lit, magnesium produced a lot of smoke that dispersed very slowly because of scarce circulation of air. One can easily understand the consequences of these environmental constraints on the time needed to document the interiors of the monuments. 53 The high percentage of good results that Ghersi succeeded in producing, under exceedingly difficult conditions and with little time at his disposal, is astonishing; the travel diaries clearly mention how brief their stays were at every site; 54 and an analysis of the sequences of frames shows that, despite all the difficulties mentioned above, 51

vacca 1936: 835-1011. vacca 1936: 1041-1043, 1052. 53 Informations obtained interviewing gen. E. 52

Ghersi at La spezia, July 1996. 54 Tucci and Ghersi 1934; Tucci 1937; Klimburgsalter 1990: 158-160.

01 Nalesini (pp. 79-111):Layout 1 16/11/09 09:05 Pagina 89

Assembling Loose Pages, Gathering Fragments of the Past

Fig. 4. reading inscriptions on a mani wall, Losar, spiti, 1st July 1933 (phot. E. Ghersi)

Ghersi seldom failed a shot. It was also necessary to verify the exposures before abandoning those hardly accessible sites. Exposed film was developed in the evening, at the camp, to verify the results and, if needed, repeat the exposures insofar as this was still possible. The film was removed from the cartridges and loaded into a tank for the development using a muff of black cloth that Ghersi had sewn himself. The low temperatures occurring after sunset at those altitudes quickly cooled the chemicals, exposing the negatives to an excessive increase of nuisances or to other damages. Ghersi then catalogued the photographs, annotating the place, date and subject. All documentation, including the travel diary, the motion pictures 55 and the cartographic sketches were given to Tucci, and, unfortunately, they have hence been largely dispersed. 56 We do not have a precise idea of the quantity of photographic materials used by Ghersi. He said that he used only a Leica for 35 mm film, but there is evidence that, at least in 1933, he also used a medium format camera for 6 × 9 cm sheet film. The only available documentation of this is a request of customs exemption for the 1935 expedition, enlisting –among other things– photographic materials unusually expressed in kilos. 57 Another point worth stressing here is the diary. Tucci never kept a log, like the ones we have seen discussing his earliest travels. In 1933 and in 1935, Ghersi kept a daily diary and Tucci subsequently published it after revision. In the two following expedi55

Istituto LUCE produced two documentaries in 1933 with Ghersi’s motion pictures: Nel Tibet occidentale, 46', and Il Nepal. La spedizione di Carlo Formichi in Nepal per conto della Reale Accademia d’Italia, 12'13"; and two short pieces for the news: Giornale Luce B0405/1934: “L’esplorazione del Tibet”, 1'13", and

Giornale Luce B0406/1934: “La spedizione dell’accademico Tucci nel Tibet”, 2'32". 56 Cf. Klimburg-salter 1990: 161-171. 57 “100 kilos” mentioned in the letter of Fracassi to simon, London 28th April 1935, in Farrington 2002: 103-104.

01 Giunta (pp. 187-194):Layout 1 16/11/09 09:14 Pagina 187

The Åryadhvajågrakeyürånåmadhåriñœ Diplomatic Edition of MS Tucci 3.2.16 PAoLo GIuNTA

1. Introductoryremarks A small white envelope, bearing no chronological or geographical indications, which is kept among the photographs without negatives of the Tucci collection of Sanskrit manuscripts, contains the photographs of Någårjuna’s Cittånandapa™œ, the Åryadhvajågrakeyürånåmadhåriñœ, 1 and a short text that was probably called Åryasamådhiråjasütragåthå, which apparently covers only the verso of a single leaf (cf. pp. 51-52, MSS 3.2.15-17). 2 The original of these manuscripts is likely to be still preserved in Tibet, while photographic reproductions of them are also kept in the China Tibetology Research Center of Beijing. 3 The Åryadhvajågrakeyürå nåma dhåriñœ, translated in Tibetan in the bKa’ ’gyur, rGyud (cf. sDe dge edition No. 612 BA, fols. 45v1-46v4 [= No. 923]; Peking edition No. 306 BA, fols. 73r6-74v2), is a short but important text. According to the Tibetan tradition it was one of the first representations, together with the Praj∞åpåramitå, of the Buddha’s speech to be transcribed on prayer banners in Tibet and Nepal. 4 Nevertheless, even though several manuscripts of this text are available, 5 its Sanskrit original has never been published in its entirety. The electronic transcription of the work posted by the university of the West on the website of the Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon, and based on a manuscript provided by the Någårjuna Institute of Exact Method, 6 lacks the initial and final parts and diverges significantly from the Tibetan version. In order to provide material for future research, here we give a reproduction of the photographs of the manuscript kept in the Tucci collection and a diplomatic edition

1 The orthography dhåriñœ has been preferred to the more common dhårañœ, because it is consistent within the manuscript edited here, and attested also in other manuscript sources. This literary genre is in fact known by both names (cf. Bhattacharyya 1958: 337; Bhattacharya 2002: 43). 2 These three texts have been digitalized in CD MT 80. 3 CTRC-List, pp. 31-32.

Cf. Gyatso 1979: 92 and Amtzis 2004: 188. For instance, the catalogue of the Asha Archives and the title-list of the Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project record 8 and 29 manuscripts respectively, whose titles can be traced back to the Åryadhvajågrakeyürånåmadhåriñœ. 6 Cf. http://www.uwest.edu/sanskritcanon/dp/ index.php?q=node%2F35&textID=c6d1528a11460963 cc4. 5

01 Giunta (pp. 187-194):Layout 1 16/11/09 09:14 Pagina 190

PaoloGiunta

[2r5]yürå nåma dhåriñœ aparåjitå yatra (kva)ci tad gacchet0 Ù yuddhe vå kalahe ù vå vigrahe vå vivåde vå sarvva(trabhe) jayo bhavißyati dhvajågre kañ™he vå baddhvå dhårayitavyå Ù manußyaråj∞å †ürapuru [2r6]ßåñå∞ ca sarvveßåm rakßåm karoti strœrüpadhåriñœ bhütvå purata∆ tiß™hati abhaya∫ dadåti Ù rakßåm karoti parasainyam vidråpati måõgalya∫ pavitram †rœla(kßmœ) sa∫sthåpikå Ù idam avocad bhagavån åttamanå∆ [2r7] †akradevendra∆ te ca bhikßava∆ te ca bodhisatvå bhagavato bhåßitam abhyanandann iti ÙÙ ÙÙ åryadhvajågrakeyürå nåma dhåriñœ samåptå 3 o∫ bhag{å}avati dhvajågrakeyüre parasainyavidhvamsanakari svasai [2r8](nyaparipålanakari ulkåmukhi kha kha) khåhi khåhi parasainyam (anantamukhena anantabhujena prahara prahara) hü∫ hü∫ pha™ pha™ svåhå Ù (åryadhvajågra)keyürå(hr¢)daya sa3måptam ÙÙ ÙÙ .. .œ .. .. rakha(ta) .. .. likham iti ÙÙ 4. StandardizedDevanågarœtext

≥≥ [isÁM] nmo Bgv†yE åay%ÎvjaÄkeyUrayE ≥≥ ´vM mya ÇutM ≥ ´kißmn` smye Bgvan` devezu §yiß§Mxezu ivhrit ßm paˆ\ukµblixlayam` ≥ åT Klu x¡o devanaim~ªoSsurEij%t: 7 praijt: s†vrM †vrmaN>po 8 yen BgvaÅßtenops™`¡a~t: ≥ ¨ps™`¡µy Bgvt: padO ixrsaiBv~• Bgv~tmetdvoct` 9 – ^hahM Bgvn` vemici§Nasure~ªeN 10 ijt: praijto devaß§yiß§Mxaù 11 ijta: praijta: ≥ t§aßmaiBBRgvn` kTM éitp–√ym` 12 ≥ Bgvanah – ¨ŒfÉN †vM 13 deve~ª ÎvjaÄkeyUranamDairNImpraijtam` ya mya pUv%M boiDs≠vBUtenapraijtÎvjßy tTagtßyai~tkaduŒfhIta ≥ ¨Œf· preıyo ivßtreN sµékaixta ≥ naiBjanaim ttoSvaRg` 14 ByM va ßtiMµBt†vM va romhz%inim–M va~tx: œiNkamip 15 kaypI\am` ≥ t†ktma sa Bgvn` ÎvjaÄkeyUra nam DairNI åpraijta ≥ t•Ta ø jy 2 ivjy 2 jyvaihin xŸkir ByŸkir éBüin rœ rœ 16 åavDUtÇIåalKváM spirvarM svRs≠vaÅù ≥ é†yiT%ko va é†yim§o vaiBªvit ≥ ø17 jµBy 2 ßtµBy 2 mohy 2 Bgvit jyvaihin mT mT émT émT Äs Äs hs hs hUÅ hUÅ lµB lµB 18 lµbodir i§ne§e ctuvR˚§e ctudM%Ωàe 19 ctub%uje åismuxlc¡i§xUlvákvcmuªaDairiN rœ rœ åavDUtÇIåa-

jita∆ em. ] jjita∆ MS satvara∫tvaramåñarüpo em. (cf. Råß™rapålaparipr¢cchåsütra 15516: †œghra∫tvaramåñarüpoyenaratipradhåna∫ nagara∫ tenopasaõkråmat) ] satvara{må}tvaramåñarüpo MS 9 avocat em. ] vocat MS 10 bhagavanvemacitriñå° em. ] bhagavatvam{i}acitriñå MS 11 trayastri∫†å† em. ] traya∆tri(õ†)å† MS 12 pratipattavyam em. ] pratipattavya MS 8

udgr¢hña tva∫ em. (cf. Laõkåvatårasütra 1061-2: udgr¢hña tva∫ mahåmate laõkåvatåre mantrapadåni) ] udgr¢hnatva MS 14 tato’rvåg em. ] tatovåg MS 15 anta†a∆kßañikåm em. (cf. D thanaskadcigyud tsam) ] anta†as(tra) kßañikåm MS 16 rakßarakßa em. ] deest MS 17 o∫ em. ] (ca)m MS 18 lambhalambha em. ] ladbhaladbha MS 19 caturda∫ß™re em. ] caturdaß™re MS

190

01 Giunta (pp. 187-194):Layout 1 16/11/09 09:14 Pagina 193

193

Fol. 1v

Fol. 1r

Reproduction of MS Tucci 3.2.16

TheÅryadhvajågrakeyürånåmadhåriñœ

Hanisch pt. 3 § 7 (Tiff) (pp. 283-320)

16-11-2009

9:20

Pagina 284

Albrecht Hanisch

7.2. Diacritic vowels 7.2.1. Vocalization in -å

7.2.2. Vocalization in -i

7.2.3. Vocalization in -œ

284

Hanisch pt. 3 § 7 (Tiff) (pp. 283-320)

16-11-2009

9:20

Pagina 285

Sarvarakßita’s Mañicü∂ajåtaka

7.2.4. Vocalization in -u

7.2.5. Vocalization in -ü

7.2.6. Vocalization in -r¢

7.2.7. Vocalization in -e

7.2.8. Vocalization in -ai

285

Hanisch pt. 4 (pp. 321-342)

16-11-2009

9:23

Pagina 322

Albrecht Hanisch

Fol. 2r (left part)

Fol. 2r (middle part)

Fol. 2r (right part) 322

9:31

Pagina 448

448

Fol. 8r, stt. 1.153d-170

Birgit Kellner and Francesco Sferra

Fol. 7v, stt. 1136c-153b

16-11-2009

Fol. 7r, stt. 1.119-136b

02.1 Kellner - Sferra (pp. 443-450)

16-11-2009

9:31

Pagina 449

449

Fol. 9r, stt. 1.188-201c

Fol. 8v

Fol. 8v, stt. 1.171a-186d

A Palm-leaf Manuscript of Dharmakœrti’s Pramåñavårttika