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volume 48 number 11 International
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COPING WITH CATASTROPHE: Workers inside the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station labor to stabilize the ruined reactors. COVER: CARL DETORRES THIS PAGE: CLOCKWISE FROM TOP: TEPCO: DAVID PLUNKERT; ROLFE HORN
SPECIAL REPORT PAGE 24
NUCLEAR POWER AFTER FUKUSHIMA >
28
24 HOURS AT FUKUSHIMA
On the first day ofthe Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident, workers struggled mightily to prevent disasterand ultimately failed. By ElizaStrickland 38 THE POSTFUKUSHIMA WORLD Governments are reassessing nuclear policies in the wake of the accident. By Ritchie S. King
40 CHINA DOUBLES DOWN Beijing wants 100 operational reactors by 2020. By PeterFairley SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG
41 GERMANY FOLDS Berlin vows to end its nuclear program by 2022. By PeterFairley
42 WHAT NEXT FOR NUCLEAR? The experts weighin on how to build a safer,stronger nuclear powerindustry.
rnet
50 TICKING TO ETERNITY Designing a clock to last 10 000 years poses a challenge for our speed-obsessed age: How do you build something for the distant future and get people to care about it today? By David Kushner NOVEMBER 2011
.
IEEESPECTRUM. INT 1
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Fukushima: Measuring the Impact
liI
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11 FUTURE RIOTS What's an anonymous mob when everyone's identifiable? By Willie o. Jones
4 BACK STORY John Boyd reports from Japan through food shortages, blackouts, and aftershocks.
12 EXTRATERRESTRIAL ABODE
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13 ARTIFICIAL LEAVES 14 THE FUKUSHIMA SHUTDOWN 16 THE LEO'S DIMINISHING RETURNS
OPINION 8 SPECTRAL UNES IEEE members in Japan helped shape Spectrum's Fukushima coverage. By Susan Hassler 23 REFLECTIONS All too often, advisory boards benefit the advisors more than the advisees. By Robert W. Lucky
6 CONTRIBUTORS 18 HANDS ON MakerBot has made 3-D printing almost as easy as photocopying. By Paul Wallich
22 TOOLS & TOYS New computer mice add useful capabilities, but at the expense of even more useful ones. By Harry Teasley
AVAILABLE 4 NOVEMBER
FINANCING ENGINEERING EDUCATION As most parents and students know, tuition at top engineering schools is not cheap. To help ease the financial burden, IEEE offers doz~ns of scholarships, fellowships, travel grants, and internships to engineering undergrads and grad students.
SATELLlTE SERVICE EARNS MILESTONE The world's first direct broadcast satellite service, which became available in 1984, is being honored with an IEEE Milestone this month. This service was the culmination of 18 years of research, which included the development of an inexpensive lownoise receiver and investigations of rain attenuation in the 12-gigahertz bando
64 THE DATA The severity of the Chernobyl disaster was far greater than that of Fukushima. So why are they rated the same in impact? By Prachi Patel
SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE The IEEE International Conference on Emerging 5ignal Processing Applications, to be held from 12to 14 January in Las Vegas, will cover 3-D technology for gaming, telepresence, gesture recognition for games and natural user interfaces, and more.
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14 Miniature Short-Stroke Linear Actuator Developing a haptic compurer keyboard GrĂŠgory
1.Bruce McClung -I.b.mcclung@ieee.org
lAS Soclety Officers President President Elect Vice President Treasurer Administrative Office
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and Yver Perriard
20 Induction Motor Efficiency A comparison of direct and indirect measurements EmmanuelB. Agamloh
29 Motor and Generator Windings Recent problems experienced G.c. Stone,M. Sasic,D. Dunn, and L Culbert
37 Quantifying the Energy Efficiency of Motors on Inverters Eff'ectsof adjustable frequency inverrers MichaelJ. Me/fi
44 Witness Testing A user's
guide
to facrory
test
large
motors
Dennis L. 8ogh, Donald G. Dunn, Meredith K. W. Stranges, and Nick Stranges
52 Principies in Motor Protection Synchronous and asynchronous motors in the cement industry Jakrw Vicoand Richard Hunt
62 Improving MiIIJnergy Efficiency Adjustable frequency drive steam rurbines
drives to replace mechanical
Warren S. Hopper
1....
From the Editor's Desk 2 Letters to the Editor 4 President's Message 6 Electrical Safety 8 History 10 Conference News 68
Education Department News 70 Standards 72 Chapter News 74 Conference Calendar Memoirs 80
78
Volume 6 Number 4 1:1 November 2011 www.ieee-cis.org
Features 26
43
Medical Image Registration Using Evolutionary Computation: An Experimental by S. Damas,o. Cord贸n,andJ Santamaria A Neural Network for Thyroid Segmentation
and Volume Estimation in CT Images 56
Survey
.
by Chuan-Yu Chang,Yong-ChengHong,Pau-Choo Chung,and Chin-HsiaoTseng Cartesian Genetic Programming and Its Application to Medical Diagnosis by StephenL. Smith
Columns 68
Review Artiele Evolutionary Computation Meets Machine Learning: A Survey byJun Zhang, Zhi-hui Zhan, YingLin, Ni Chen,Yue-jiaoGong,
Jing-hui Zhong, Henry S.H. Chung,Yun Li, andYu-hui Shi 76
Book Review by MengJoo'Er and RichardJ Oentaryo
00 the cover CPHOTOOISC ANO DlGITALSTOCK
Departments 2
Editor's Remarks
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President's Message by Gary G. Yen
4
Society BriefS 2012 IEEE CIS Awards
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19
PublicationSpotlight
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by DerongLiu, Chin-TengLin, Garry Greenwood,Simon Lucas, and ZhengyouZhang Career Profile Interview with Professor Lotfi A. Zadeh Interview with Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactionson Neural
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Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS) by CIM Editorial Office
by BernadetteBouchon-Meunier FUZZ-IEEE 2011 by Chin-TengLin and Chang-ShingLee 24
IEEE CIM List ofReviewers 2011
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Conference Calendar by Gary B. Pogel
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36 Wind Energyin China By Líping Jiang, Yongning Chi, Haiyan Qin, Zheyi Pei, Qionghui Lí, Mingliang Líu, Jianhua Bai, Weisheng Wang, Shuanglei Feng, Weizheng Kong, and Qiankun Wang
47 Currents of Change By Hannele Holttinen,Antje G. Orths, PeterBI/JrreEriksen,
97
Atmospheric Pressure By Mark Ahlstrorn, James Blatchford, Matthew Davis, Jacques Duchesne, David Edelson, Ulrich Focken, Debra Lew, Clyde Loutan, David Maggio, Melinda Marquis, Michael McMullen, Keith Parks, Ken Schuyler, Justin Sharp, and David Souder
Jorge Hidalgo, Ana Estanqueiro, Frank Groome, Yvonne Coughlan, Hendrik Neumann, Bemhard Lange, Frans van Hulle, and [van Dudurych
60 Driving ForcesBehind Wind By Dale Osbom, Michael I. Henderson, Bradley M. Nickell, WarrenLasher, Charles Liebold, John Adams, and Jay Caspary 75
86
Balancing Act By Mark G. Lauby, Mark Ahlstrom, Daniel L. Brooks, Stephen Beuning, Jay Caspary, William Grant, Brendan Kirby, Michael Milligan, Mark O'Malley, Mahendra Patel, Richard Piwlw, Pouyan Pourbeik, Dariush Shirmohammadi, and J. Charles Smith Models for Change By Robert Zavadil, Nicholas Miller, Abraham Ellis, Eduard Muljadi, Pouyen Pourbeik, Steve Saylors, Robert Nelson, Garth [rwin, Mandhir S. Sahni, and Dharshana Muthumuni
Vigita! Objec, Idem;!iu
november/december
columns & departments 4 8 18 108 116 120
From the Editor Leader's Comer Guest Editorial Book Reviews Calendar In My View
10.1I09/MPE. 2011. 942290
2011
IEEEpowcr & C/lcrgy ma,t;azi/lcf
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Volume2
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A MAGAZINE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY
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Studying BMEin the United Kingdom by Nadya Anscombe
19
A View from the Outside In by Leslie Mertz
25
Image-GuidedTherapies by Dieter Haemmerich, Matthew R. Dreher, Dorin Panescu, and Heinz-Otto Peitgen
28
Thermal Tumor Ablation in Clinical Use by Chris Brace
39
MRI-ControlledUltrasound Thermal Therapy by Robert Staruch, Rajiv Chopra, and Kullervo Hynynen
48
Planning of Image-Guided Interventions
in the Liver
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FEA TURES 8 What's in a Name? Perfecting-and marketing-the really good circuit simulator. ByLaurenceW. Nagel The 64-kB Question
first
By Wolfram Blume
SPICE Test Subject By Stephen Bristow Reminiscences of
SPICE
By Sally Liu
ABOUT TH'S IMAGE:
The Group By Tom Quarles Unwanted Perturbations
SPICE started out as a project with a different name. Find out what that name was in the article "What's in a Name?"
By Lynn Weber
14 Hijatked by SPICE Without meaning to/ a software developer takes a long ride into automated circuit simulation. By Richard 1. Dowell
17 Redpe for Suttess Why SPICE made such good soup. By lan Getreu
20 SimulationSells The commercializationof SPICE.
throughout his career. By Ken Kundert
27 Professor, Visionary,Friend RememberingDonald O. Pederson. By Laurence W. Nagel
Growing SPICE A circuit simulation pioneer iIluminates the program/s strengths, uncovers its weaknesses, and looks into its future. By Ron Rohrer
36
Exduding Radiation
'
By R.A. Rohrer, L.w. Nagel, R. Meyer, and L. Weber
43 A Historital Review of Cirtuit Simulation By Donald O. Pederson
51 Donald O. Pederson
Life After SPICE Lessons the author learned
30
CANCER:Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Cirtuits
By Tekla S. Perry
By Kim Hailey
23
40
Shaping the History of SPICE What started as a student project results in an industry standard for IC designo By Andrei Vladimirescu Digital Objectldentifier
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CONTRIBUTORS EDITOR'SNOTE ASSOCIATEEDITOR'SVIEW GUESTEDITORIAL PEOPLE CHAPTERS SOCIETYNEWS IEEENEWS CONFERENCEREPORTS CALENDAR FOOTER
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Octobe~011, Vol.49,No.10
ommunlcatlon www.comsoc.org
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Director of Magazines Andrzej Jajszczyk, AGH U. of SeL & Teeh. (Poland) Editor-in-Chief Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, Ine. (USA) Associate Editor-in-Chief Sean Moore, Centripetal Networks (USA) Senior Technical
Editors
Tom Chen, Swansea University (UK) Nim Cheung, ASTRI (China) Nelson Fonseea, State Univ. of Campinas (Brazil) Peter T. S. Yum, The Chinese U. Hong Kong (China) Technical
Joseph Milizzo, Assistant Publisher Ene Levine, Associate Publisher Susan Lange, Online Produetion Manager Jennifer Poreello, Produetion Specialist Catherine Kemelmaeher, A.sociate Editor
2
www.comsoc.org/-d HISTORYOF COMMUNICATIONS 42 HISTORYOF EQUALlZATION1860-1980 The author presents a historical perspective on the main research and development threads up to 1980 - arguably the "golden age" of equalizer research. DAVID FAlCONER
MILlTARYCOMMUNICATIONS GUESTEDITORS:TORLEIVMASENG, RANDAlllANDRY,
52 55
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GUEST EDITORIAL THE EULER PROJECT:ApPlICATION OF SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO IN JOINT SECURITY
The
QPERATIONS
authors focus on the experience from the European Commission Seventh
Framework Programme project known as EULER. GIANMARCO BALDINI, OTTAVIO PICCHI, MARCO lUISE, TAJ CHRISTOPHEMoy,
A.
STURMAN, FABRIZIO VERGARI,
TIMO BRÁYSY, AND RAUl DOPICO
64 A FRAMEWORKFORAUTHENTICATION IN NBD TACTICAlAD Hoc NETWORKS Network-based defense (NBD) and the all-IPnetwork make authentication ever
more important. However,a generally accepted and comprehensive authentication suite is lacking. This work is a step toward fillingthe gap. The authors propose a three-Ievelframework for authentication in NBD tactical ad hoc networks, ANNEMARIEHEGLAND, Eu WINJUM,ANDOlE-ERIKHEDENSTAD
72
SECURITYAND NETWORK QPERATIONS CHAllENGES WITH CEllULAR INFRASTRUCTURE
IN THE TACTICAl
THEATER
numerous pros and cons to deployment of cellular vs. WiFiservicesin tactical environments. These are related to security,access control and authentication,
There are
coverage, interference, and scalability. Ultimately, 4G/L"FE,as commercially specified, will enable a mixed Wi-Fi/cellularenvironment. The architecture described in this article is designed to instantiate a cellular core framework to support the evolution
of both of these services. ROBERT WElSH,MANOJJAIN,BENHOE,KIMJAKUBOWSKI, GEORGE F. ElMASRY, KEITHWHITTAKER, ANDGIOVANNI ODDO
81
in Optieal Communieations
Hideo Kuwahara, Fujitsu Laboratories, LId. (Japan) Osman Gebizlioglu, Telcordia Teehnologies (USA) John Spencer, Optelian (USA) Vijay Jain, Verizon (USA) Topies in Radio Communieations Joseph B. Evans, U. oi Kansas (USA) Zoran Zvonar, MediaTek (USA) Standards y oiehi Maeda, NTT Adv. Teeh. Corp. (Japan) Mostafa Hashem Sherif, AT&T (USA) Columns Book Reviews Piotr Cholda, AGH U. oi Sci. & Teeh. (Poland) History of Communieations Steve Weinsten (USA) Regulato/Y and Poliey Issues J. Seott Mareus, WIK (Germany) Jon M. Peha, Camegie Mellon U. (USA) Teehnology Leaders' Forum Steve Weinstein (USA) Very Lan;e Projeets Ken Young, Te1cordla Teehnologies (USA) Publications Staff
A V
October 2011, Vol. 49, No. 10
Editors
Sonia Aissa, Univ. oi Quebee (Canada) Mohammed Atiquzzaman, U. oi OkIahoma (USA) Paolo Bellavista, DEIS (Italy) Tee-Hiang Cheng, Nanyang Tech. U. (Rep. Singapore) Sudhir S. Dixit, Hewlett-Paekard Labs India (India) Stefano Galli, ASSIA, Ine. (USA) Joan Garcia-Haro, Poly. U. of Cartagena (Spain) Admela Jukan, Teeh. Univ. Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunsehweig (Germany) Vimal Kumar Khanna, mCalibre Teehnologies (India) Janusz Konrad, Boston University (USA) Deep Medhi, Univ. oi Missouri-Kansas City (USA) Nader F. Mir, San Jose State Univ. (USA) Amitabh Mishra, Johns Hopkins University (USA) Seshradi Mohan, University of Arkansas (USA) Glenn Parsons, Ericsson Canada (Canada) Joel Rodrigues, Univ. of Beira Interior (Portugal) Jungwoo Ryoo, The Penn. State Univ.-Altoona (USA) Hady Salloum, Stevens Institute oi Teeh. (USA) Antonio Sánehez Esguevillas, Teleioniea (Spain) Dan Keun Sung, Korea Adv. Ins!. Sci. & Teeh. (Korea) Danny Tsang, Hong Kong U. of Sci. & Tech. (Japan) Chonggang Wang, InterDigital Commun., LLC (USA) Alexander M. Wyg1inski,Worcester Poly. Institute (USA) Series Editors Ad Hoe and Sensor Networks Edoardo Biagioni, U. of Hawaii, Manoa (USA) Silvia Giordano, Univ. of App. Sci. (Switzerland) Automotive Networking and Applieations Wai Chen, Telcordia Teehnologies, Ine (USA) Luea Delgrossi, Mereedes-Benz R&D N.A. (USA) Timo Koseh, BMW Group (Germany) Tadao Saito, University of Tokyo (Japan) Consumer Communieatons and Networking Madjid Merabti, Liverpool John Moores U. (UK) Mario Kolberg, University of Sterling (UK) Stan Moyer, Telcordia (USA) Design & Implementation Sean Moore, Avaya (USA) Salvatore Loreto, Ericsson Researeh (Finland) Integrated Circuitsfor Communieations Charles Chien (USA) Zhiwei Xu, SST Communieation Ine. (USA) Stephen Molloy, Qualcomm (USA) Network and Service Management Series George Pavlou, U. College London (UK) Aiko Pras, U. ofTwente (The Netherlands) Networking Testing Series Yingdar Lin, National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan) Eriea Johnson, University of New Hampshire (USA) Tom MeBeath, Spirent Communieations Ine. (USA) Eduardo Joo, Empirix Ine. (USA) Topies
Cümmunica~!~
NETWORKMANAGEMENJCHAllENGESFORJOINT FORCESINTEROPERABllITY The authorspresentsomeof the challengesfacedbythe NMarchitecturefromthe tactical edge and across the global information grid, where IP-based networks and radios must work together seamlessly in joint missions in the presence of encryption tunnels. GEORGEF. ElMASRY,MANOJJAIN, ROBERT WElSH, KIM JAKUBOWSKI, AND KEITHWHITTAKER
90
NETWORKING
AND ApPlICATION
INTERFACE TECHNOlOGY
FOR WIRElESS
SENSOR
NETWORK SURVEllLANCE AND MONITORING
authors present a cross-Iayer approach and highlight techniques that ha ve potential to enable NCCoperation within a mission-orientated UGS surveillance setting.
The
DARMINDERS. GHATAOURA,JOHNE. MncHEll, AND GEORGEE. MATlCH
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
FOR MOBILE BROADBAND NETWORKS
GUESTEDITORS: DAVIDSOlDANI,SAJAlK. DAS,MAHBUBHASSAN, JAHANA. HASSAN, ANDGIRIDHAR D. MANDYAM
98 101
GUEST EDITORIAL A CUSTOMER SERVICE ASSURANCE PLATFORM FOR MOBllE BROADBAND NETWORKS
authors discuss trends, issues, requirements, and solutions for customer service assurance (CSA) platforms for mobile broadband networks, They propose a distributed probe-based architecture called intelligent CSA (iCSA), and demonstrate how it is a key component of an advanced OSS. AlESSIOBOTTA, ANTONIO PESCAPE, CLAUDIOGUERRINI,AND MARIN MANGRI The
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DEPRIORITIZATION OF HEAVY USERS IN WIRElESS NETWORKS The authors evaluate the concept of deprioritization
IEEE
of heavy users in wireless networks for congestion management. HAIZHOU,KEVIN SPARKS, NANDU GOPALAKRISHNAN, PANTEUSMONOGIOUDIS,
COMMUNICATlONS SOCIETY
ANDJIM SEYMOUR FRANCIS DOMINIQUE, PETERBUSSCHBACH,
IEEE Cornrnunications Magazine
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IEEE AEROSPACE
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September2011 ISSN 0885-8985
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AESS President (2011) - Marina Ruggieri Associate Editors and Areas of Specialty Ground Systems, Vision Tom Bowman Systems, Electronics Shirley Cheng - Guidanee Mauro De Sanctis Spaee Systems Maria Greco - Clutter Models, Radar Signal Proeessing, Radar Systems
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