FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING Around 200 million women and girls
FGM is practiced primarily in 28 countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle
the often awful consequences of
East,
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), which
increased movement of people has
is also known as Female Genital
made it a global issue. Research shows
Cutting or even euphemized as ‘female
that FGM is now found in Europe, the
circumcision’.
United States, and Canada.
FGM consists of all procedures that
Although the practice is illegal in an
involve altering or injuring the female
increasing number of countries, it is
genitalia for non-medical reasons and
still carried out upon an estimated
is recognized internationally as a
three million girls every year from
violation of the human rights of girls
varied religious, ethnic and cultural
and women. The consequences of FGM
backgrounds - but with a large
to women are severe and can result in
percentage
death, reproductive complications as
communities.
but
globalization
being
from
and
Muslim
well as severe psychological trauma.
Types of FGM Type I: Clitoridectomy
Partial or total removal of the clitoris
Type II: Excision
Partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (the labia are the ‘lips’ that surround the vagina)
Type III: Infibulation
Narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner or outer labia, with or without removal of the clitoris
Type IV: Other
All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area Source: World Health Organization
6
the
