Seeds of Sustainability by Island Press

POLICY | HISTORY | SCIENCE

advance Praise for Seeds of Sustainability

Matson

“This book will become a classic in sustainability science, presenting a fascinating interdisciplinary exploration of how human-environment interactions have unfolded over decadal time scales in Mexico’s Yaqui Valley. Particularly welcome are its unflinching reflections on the challenges of conducting such studies, and on what needs to change for academia to become a more effective and reliable partner in the urgent task of linking knowledge with action to promote sustainable development.”

—William C. Clark, Harvey Brooks Professor of International Science, Public Policy, and Human Development, Harvard Kennedy School of Government

—Prabhu Pingali, Deputy Director, Agriculture Development Division of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation “Reading Seeds of Sustainability is inspirational for all of us interested in how to enhance our planet’s sustainability and robustness while reducing the risks facing valuable ecosystems around the world and the people dependent on them.” —Elinor ostrom, 2009 Nobel Prize Laureate in Economic Sciences “Seeds of Sustainability is an excellent place-based, but globally relevant, analysis of humanenvironment interactions. It demonstrates the power of interdisciplinary approaches that bring together physical, biological, and social data.” —Diana livErman, Professor of Geography and Development and Codirector of the Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona “Seeds of Sustainability opens an important window into the opportunities and challenges for agricultural development in the twenty-first century. The pioneering work by Matson’s team in the Yaqui Valley illuminates the links between economic policy, food security, and environmental sustainability, pointing the way to critical new strategies for the world.” — grEtChEn C. Daily, Bing Professor of Environmental Science, Stanford University Pamela matson was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley at the beginning of the Yaqui Valley research project. She then moved to Stanford University, becoming the Goldman Professor of Environmental Studies and Codirector of the Center for Environmental Science and Policy in the Institute for International Studies. She is currently Dean of the School of Earth Sciences at Stanford and Senior Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment.

SeedS of S u S ta i n a b i l i t y

“Seeds of Sustainability illustrates the kind of integrative research that will be needed to address the challenges our food systems face, now and in the future.”

SeedS S u S ta i n a b i l i t y

Lessons from the BirthpLace of the

Green revoLution in aGricuLture Washington | Covelo | London www.islandpress.org All Island Press books are printed on recycled, acid-free paper. Cover design: Maureen Gately Cover photos: “Golden wheat stalks” © Oleg Prikhodko, istockphoto.com; “1939 Mexican 5 cent postage stamp” © Ken Brown, istockphoto.com

Edited by Pamela A. Matson

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- ma^ [bkmaieZ\^ h_ ma^ `k^^g k^ohenmbhg

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Par ma^ RZjnb OZee^r8 :g Bgmkh]n\mbhg .

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Ma^ Lmhkr h_ :`kb\nemnk^ bg ma^ RZjnb OZee^r Bg hnk k^l^Zk\a bg ma^ RZjnb OZee^r% hnk ikbfZkr _h\nl pZl ma^ ]rgZfb\ anfZg&^gobkhgf^gm lrlm^fl bg bkkb`Zm^] Z`kb\nemnk^ Zg] g^Zk[r eZg] Zg] h\^Zg lrlm^fl% Zl ma^r _ng\mbhg^] [^mp^^g *22, Zg] +))1 Zm ma^ ^g] h_ ma^ `k^^g kôhenmbhg Zg] ma^ [^`bggbg` h_ paZm @hk]hg <hgpZr \Zeel ma^ Ê]hn[er `k^^g kôhenmbhgË !<hgpZr *220"' Ma^ ehg`^k lmhkr h_ Z`kb\nemnk^ bg ma^ oZee^r bl% ahpô^k% h_ bfihkmZg\^ mh ma^ fhk^ k^\^gm iZlm4 \aZim^k + ikhob]^l Z ]^mZbe^] ablmhkr% [nm Zg Z[[kôbZm^] o^klbhg pbee [^ nl^_ne bg mabl bgmkh]n\mbhg mh ma^ [hhd' Eh\Zm^] hg ma^ ghkmap^lm \hZlm h_ fZbgeZg] F^qb\h% [hng] [r ma^ @ne_ h_ <Zeb_hkgbZ mh ma^ p^lm Zg] ma^ Lb^kkZ FZ]k^ H\\b]^gmZe _hhmabeel mh ma^ ghkma Zg] ^Zlm !Ö`' *'*"% mabl ikh]n\mbo^ \hZlmZe ieZbg aZl [^^g bg& aZ[bm^] _hk mahnlZg]l h_ r^Zkl [r ma^ bg]b`^ghnl RZjnb :f^kbg]bZgl' ?hk \^gmnkb^l% ma^ RZjnbl _hnàm Z`Zbglm Zg] nembfZmêr ehlm mh ma^ ^g\khZ\a& f^gm h_ LiZgbla Zg] F^qb\Zg \hehgblml bgm^k^lm^] bg ma^bk _^kmbe^ eZg]l Zg] lbeo^k k^lhnk\^l' Ma^ bgmkh]n\mbhg h_ _hk^b`g bgo^lmf^gm Zg] bkkb`Zmbhg bg ma^ *12)l Zg] ^Zker *2))l eZb] ma^ _hng]Zmbhg _hk paZm phne] [^ ma^ fhlm bgm^glboêr bkkb`Zm^] Z`kb\nemnkZe eZg] bg F^qb\h maZm ghp \ho^kl +,,%))) a^\mZk^l' Ma^ ^lmZ[eblaf^gm bg ma^ *2,)l !Zg] ma^k^Z_m^k" h_ Z ln[lmZgmbZe gnf[^k h_ ^cb]h !\hee^\mbo^" _Zkfbg` ngbml% bg Z]]bmbhg mh ikboZm^ eZg]hpg& ^kl% ma^ RZjnb :f^kbg]bZgl% Zg] _hk^b`g bgo^lmhkl% fZ]^ _hk ngnlnZeer ]b& o^kl^ `khnil Zg] bgm^k^lml pbmabg ma^ k^`bhg' Bg ma^ fb]&mp^gmb^ma \^gmnkr% ma^ F^qb\Zg `ho^kgf^gm Zg] ma^ bg& m^kgZmbhgZe ]ôêhif^gm \hffngbmr b]^gmbÖ^] ma^ RZjnb OZee^r Zl Zg Zi& ikhikbZm^ \^gm^k _hk Z`kb\nemnkZe k^l^Zk\a Zg] ]ôêhif^gm% `bo^g maZm bm bl Z`kh\ebfZmb\Zeer kîk^l^gmZmbo^ h_ Z[hnm -) i^k\^gm h_ pa^Zm `khpbg` Zk^Zl bg ]ôêhibg` \hngmkb^l' E^] [r GhkfZg ;hkeZn` Zg] Zg bgm^kgZmbhgZe m^Zf h_ l\b^gmblml% ma^ pa^Zm k^l^Zk\a ikh`kZf ikhfhm^] bgm^glbo^ m^\agheh`b^l ln\a Zl g^p abà&rbê]bg` \khi oZkb^mb^l% eZk`^&l\Ze^ bkkb`Zmbhg% _^kmbebsZmbhg% Zg] i^lmb\b]^l' Ma^ k^lnemlÉZ ]kZfZmb\ bg\k^Zl^ bg `kZbg ikh]n\mbhg maZm lniihkm^] F^qb\hÍl mkZglbmbhg mh lê_&ln_Ö\b^g\r bg pa^Zm ikh]n\mbhg Zg]

/ ma^ [bkmaieZ\^ h_ ma^ `k^^g k^ohenmbhg

?b`nk^ *'* Eh\Zmbhg h_ ma^ RZjnb OZee^r% LhghkZ% F^qb\h

ma^ ]bk^\m mkZgl_^k h_ l^fb]pZk_ pa^Zm m^\agheh`r mh Lhnma :lbZ bg ma^ eZm^ *2/)lÉ`Zo^ ma^ oZee^r bml k^\h`gbmbhg Zl ma^ ahf^ h_ ma^ `k^^g kôhenmbhg _hk pa^Zm' Ahpô^k% Z`kb\nemnkZe ]ôêhif^gm bg ma^ k^`bhg pZl ghm ma^ hger lmhkr h_ \aZg`^' KZib] ihineZmbhg `khpma _h\nl^] bg \bmb^l% fZchk ]ôêhif^gm h_ Öla^kb^l% ma^ ^g`Z`^f^gm h_ ma^ bgm^kgZmbhgZe \hgl^koZmbhg \hffngbmr bg ma^ Z]cZ\^gm h\^Zgl% ma^ ]ôêhif^gm h_ \hZlmZe ZjnZ\nemnk^% Zg] ma^ kZib] bg\k^Zl^ bg ebo^lmh\d hi^kZmbhgl p^k^ ebd^pbl^ Z iZkm h_ ma^ lmhkr bg ma^ oZee^r Zg] lnkkhng]bg` k^`bhgl' ;r ma^ mbf^ hnk k^l^Zk\a m^Zf ^gm^k^] ma^ ib\mnk^% ma^l^ \aZg`^l p^k^ ng]^k pZr' Ma^ i^kbh] h_ ma^ *22)l Zg] ^Zker +)))l% ahpô^k% bgoheo^] _nkma^k \aZg`^l% Zg] fZgr h_ ma^f p^k^ ^li^\bZeer \aZee^g`bg` _hk RZjnb \bmbs^gl% ^li^\bZeer _Zkf^kl' :g ^bàm&r^Zk ]khnàm !*220È+))-"% \hnie^] pbma jn^lmbhgZ[e^ bkkb`Zmbhg ikh\^]nk^l% ebm^kZeer ]kZbg^] ma^ oZee^rÍl bkkb`Zmbhg k^l^kohbkl ]kr% Zg] kZbl^] jn^lmbhgl Z[hnm oneg^kZ[bebmr h_ pZm^k k^lhnk\^l bg ma^ \hgm^qm h_ _nmnk^ \ebfZm^ \aZg`^l' ?^kmbebs^k nl^ bg\k^Zl^]% [nm lh mhh ]b] gbmkh`^g ehll^l bg ma^ _hkf h_ `k^^gahnl^ `Zl Zg] Zbk iheenmZgm

Par ma^ RZjnb OZee^r8 :g Bgmkh]n\mbhg 0

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1 ma^ [bkmaieZ\^ h_ ma^ `k^^g k^ohenmbhg

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Par ma^ RZjnb OZee^r8 :g Bgmkh]n\mbhg 2

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*) ma^ [bkmaieZ\^ h_ ma^ `k^^g k^ohenmbhg

_ng]^] Zl ikh[e^fl Zg] _ng]bg` Z`^g]Zl \aZg`^]8 :g] paZm k^l^Zk\a e^l& lhgl p^k^ e^Zkg^]% [hma ihlbmbo^ Zg] g^`Zmbo^% _khf Z k^l^Zk\a ^__hkm maZm \ho^k^] fhk^ maZg Z ]^\Z]^ Zg] \hlm lô^kZe fbeebhgl h_ ]heeZkl8 Ma^ kêZmboêr ehg`&m^kf ^qm^gm h_ ma^ ikhc^\m ikho^] ma^ bfihkmZg\^ h_ phkdbg` bg hg^ ieZ\^ \hgmbgnhnler% Zg] _hk Z ehg` mbf^4 aZ] ma^ bgjnbkr lmhii^] bg *221% hk ô^g +))+% hnk ng]^klmZg]bg` h_ ma^ bgm^k_Z\^ [^& mp^^g ^\hghfb\l Zg] ^gobkhgf^gmZe blln^l h_ ma^ oZee^r phne] aZo^ [^^g ln[lmZgmbZeer fhk^ ebfbm^]' Gô^kmaê^ll% bm bl \e^Zk maZm ma^ _nee lmhkr h_ ma^ RZjnb OZee^r bl ghm hnkl mh `kZli' Ma^ oZee^r \hgmbgn^l mh \aZg`^% Zg] lhf^% i^kaZil fn\a% h_ paZm p^ e^Zkg^] ]nkbg` hnk r^Zkl h_ chbgm lmn]r Zg] ^g& `Z`^f^gm aZl [^\hf^ hnm]Zm^]' P^ l^^d% ma^k^_hk^% mh laZk^ makhnà mabl [hhd lhf^ h_ ma^ `^g^kZe e^Zkgbg` Zg] fhk^ `^g^kZeer nl^_ne bg_hkfZmbhg% i^kli^\mbo^l% Zg] k^l^Zk\a ZiikhZ\a^l% Zehg` pbma ma^ li^\bÖ\ dghpe^]`^ maZm pZl nl^_ne Zm Z `bo^g mbf^ Zg] ieZ\^'

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Par ma^ RZjnb OZee^r8 :g Bgmkh]n\mbhg **

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