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Ìm†Ãi oÒ(Class)äÏf› †$^i Ü`Ê Ý^ ^Ò äÏf›þ ‹ßñ^‰ oq^Û‰ 1Ò 7æ…]3 äm^Ú†‰B †$] †ôm‡ 1Ò lŸ^nìF 1Ò 7çÞ]3 …ç’i oŠÒ…^Ú þ 2

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†$^i Ü`Ê Ý^ ^Ò äÏf› (Income) oÞ‚Ú@ 3

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…ç’i oŠÒ…^Ú:äÏf› †µ …ç› 1Ò 1j … Ôm] äÏf›þ äj … 1‰ 7çµæ†+ oq^Û‰ †,m3 ^Ò 3†Ê6nÚ ¸æ†+ Ôm]B äj … Ý3^’jÚ †µ …ç› oÞæ…‚Þ] Ôm]B

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0333-2298922 email: internationalsocialistpakistan ä_e]… (á ^jŠÒ ^µ 8 Š× ç‰ Øß nÞ† 9 Þ]

…ç’i oŠÒ…^Ú:äÏf› 6n`Þ å‚vn× äÏf›…æ] ‚`qæ‚q oi^Ïf›þ 1 j Ó ‰ ^q 1 n Ò

wzN6, œgzZDµ ˆZ »´ â :zzÅ4z] .C4< 5

0333-2298922 email: internationalsocialistpakistan ä_e]… (á ^jŠÒ ^µ 8 Š× ç‰ Øß nÞ† 9 Þ]

6nv_‰ 6nÚ äÏf› gzŠ' × < g ZŠtâu B Vl^Ïf› pˆÒ†Ú æ3þ k¯wç< °»V $ZzB V6nv_‰þ [6na 1iça áçÒ …]3 äm^Ú†‰þ ´ âÆ( „ù ZgiÔg ZzZa ùZgi )^g¡ZR, Ô}iÔáB J* I . ì @* ƒwzNç ñ»y Z B

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[Ùæ†9ßÒ †%ñçÚ 6n`Þ ä×òŠÚ oÞçÞ^Î äm V…]æ]‚nµ Äñ]…‡þ á^ÓÖ^Ú oj‰^m…þ †9Ò†ñ]J (>9n‰ (Œ^eþ PIAÔ} wgyÎ 0* Ôu< IBM, Boeing:zZ ~ ZÏDR< ñîi +ZÔf $™gçÏc* g< knÂçÞ oÒ knÓ×Ú äÒ äÞ 1a Üa] Ùæ†9ßÒ †%ñçÚ 7

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6nv_‰ 6nÚ äÏf› ?¡Š Zi W< °»V $Zz< [Œ¡Ò Ù;Úþ …^Û æ 3]‚Â]þ ì ;gƒ»¡gzŠ' × < áZzä™x »ÐB;È »¡gzŠ' × < áZzä™:x »ÐB;È »xi 5kzu< ˆ| (, Š Z®°»V $ZzÔ ðƒÁk¯ågz< 8

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knÂçÞ oÒ Œ¡Ò Ù;Ú oòÞ 6nâ<µThe Changing Working ClassoÒ Œ†Ò …æ] ‹Ó×m]þ

äÏf› …æ3ˆÚ]ça ojÖ‚eþ ØÛ Ôm] V p…]3 äm^Ú†‰þ J G 3 ì r$ +( ïG47)^Å¡gzŠ' × V´p~~gZŠtâu< VŒ¡Ò Ù;ÚK †Ö^Ò 8ñ]æ Ý^Ûi/ 7¡gzŠ' ׃  < gzŠ' × C` Z < 9

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Œ¡Ò Ù;Ú oòÞ 6nÛnŠÏi àniþ …ˆñ]憶‰K†rnßnÚþ wzN »yZ6,„Å] ¸ÅœÔ„Åb‚zc* qâ Z < ì @* ƒ» b§Z ä’u ^Ò äÏf› …]3 äm^Ú†‰ †µ …ç› x•]æ ämþ 3]‚Ãip\çãi k`e oÒ á] 6nÚ Œ¡Ò Ù;Ú oòÞþ 10

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Œ ¡Ò Ù ; Ú o ò Þ ‹Ú^Þç:@ oÛn‰þ u- ez6, c* zÔIZi e <g ÇizgŠp—‚< }i 5< wzN',Z', Æäƒ: <

gzZì MÐ6, zZ7Z ì @* ƒwzN¾6, WJ -uq -Zk0* Æk¯wç5/ Dƒ[ x»~"m 6, zZ6, š7Zk , P ™zgçt ì Cƒzz¸ ÅkZ 11

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Œ¡Ò Ù;Ú oòÞ oÒ oÎ^e ØÓm†n×Ò (ç9mE†9ŠßÚ; m ] ( Ø ß

n Ê æ † µ ( Ø m † n r n ß n Ú þ E H E E H I½& I -¢ E 4 5 4 ¢ k Ò & J 4 4 h ) © G E 5 G G Î E E 2 . Ô™gzW nw»Ô™gzçG z¯ÎÔ èG 2Ô èG Zg eÔ‹3, ÔåwjZ : æ z6,−B $gpzÔR, x g7gÔñi +Zƒ  Ô>Zg8»Ô%Z¤ /z6, Ôñ6,WR, ÛÔiR, ñz6,û

…æ3ˆÚ oi†q] ^÷j’Ö^ìB ÜnŠÏi oÒ Äñ]…‡ (p‡^‰ ä×’nÊ (8ßÛ9‰çÞ] 6n`Þ]B ^iça 6n`Þ Ùæ†9ßÒ †%ñçÚ oñçÒ †µ gzŠ' × á Zzä™x »ÐB;‰6, RÁc* „, zî @* ', ÐyZ< 12

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1nÖ o‰] äÏf›^Ò 7æ…]3 äm^Ú†‰þ äÏf› ^Ò 7æ…æ3ˆÚ þ 13

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Conclusion f e]` ZgzZ { Z 9™ Ö @ìN* LZ vßx Ó{z/ ¡gzŠ' × {z @* ƒ7g ZŠ™ðûyZ~g ZzZa ùZgi c* ~i ‚ê/ ì „~8{Æx ÂC4] ÅyZ / 14

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6nâ<µ oãe ¸@ 1Ö]çu Changing Working Class Alex Callinicos & Chris Harman Revolutionary Ideas of Karl Marx (Chapter 8: Marx Today) Alex Callinicos International Socialism Journal Socialist English/Urdu 15

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