Mojoofch 2013 abstracts

MONGOLIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Volume 13, Number 40, 2013

Editor-in-Chief: D. Batsuren, academician Chairman of the Editorial Board A. Minjigmaa, doctor Editorial board Members J. Amgalan, academician D. Regdel, academician B. Purevsuren, academician J. Temuujin, academician T. Gan-Erdene, doctor (Sc. D) B. Avid, doctor (Sc. D) G. Odontuya, doctor (Ph. D) B.Bayarmaa, doctor (Ph. D) J. Ganbaatar, doctor (Ph. D) M. Bayarjargal, doctor (Ph. D) S. Enkhtuul, doctor (Ph. D) The MJC Editorial office: Institute Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace Ave., 51, Ulaanbaatar 13330 Mongolia. Fax: (976-11) 45-31-33; URL: http://www. icct.mas.ac.mn E-mail: monjourchem@icct.mas.ac.mn

Editorial Staffs: N.Erdenechimeg, doctor;Sh.Nyamdelger, doctor; D.Otgonsuren, master

Š2013 The Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS

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PREFACE Mongolian Journal of Chemistry provides unique forum for the publication of significant and original work across a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology, physics, chemical engineering and material science which is likely to be interest to the multidisciplinary community that the journal addresses. Readership Mongolian Journal of Chemistry coverage is highly relevant to a variety of industrial and academic sectors including: pharmaceuticals, bio- and plant chemistry, analytical science, coal and petro chemistry, bio- and nanotechnology and material science.

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CONTENTS Preface Hepatoprotective effects of Paeonia anomala against acetaminophen-induced cell damage through activation of anti-oxidant system O. Sarangerel, K. Kang, S.B. Lee, J.H. Yun, D. Batsuren, J. Tunsag, C. W.Nho Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals from Tavan tolgoi deposit B. Purevsuren, S. Jargalmaa, B. Batulzii, B. Avid, T. Gerelmaa Phytochemical study of aerial parts from Phlomis tuberosa L S. Javzan, D. Selenge Coumarins of Angelica deccurens J. Ganbaatar, E.E. Shults, L.D. Radnaeva, V.V. Taraskin Synthesis and antifungal activity investigation of a novel clotrimazole derivative B. Zoljargal, N. Davaasuren Formation of polymer nanoparticles by self organized precipitation method S. Enkhtuul, M. Munkhshur Dissolution behaviour of freibergite-tetrahedrite concentrate in acidic dichromate solution Sh. Nyamdelger, G. Burmaa, T. Narangarav, G. Ariunaa Chemical composition and biological activities of the Agaricus mushrooms L. Munkhgerel, N. Erdenechimeg, B. Tselmuungarav, B. Amartuvshin, Ts. Bolor, D.Regdel, P. Odonmajig Chlorophyll catabolites in the frass of the Small Tortoiseshell caterpillars (Aglais urticae L.) B. Amarsanaa, and W. Boland Properties of humic substances isolated from different natural sources G. Dolmaa, G.P. Aleksandrova, M.B. Lesnichaya, B. Nomintsetseg, G. Ganzaya, B. Bayraa, B.G. Sukhov, D. Regdel, B.A.Trofimov Synthesis and characterization of Taurine B. Bayarmaa, D. Otgonsuren, P. Odonmajig Characterization of ash pond ashes from 3rd thermal power plant by SEM/EDX and XRD methods A.Minjigmaa, Ts. Zolzaya, E. Bayanjargal, B. Davaabal, J. Temuujin Separation of medical nanopowder from the natural minerals by supercritical CO2 J.Oyun Fatty acids and their esters from Cicuta virosa L. U. Jargalsaikhan , S. Javzan, D. Selenge, D. Nedelcheva, S. Philipov, J. Nadmid Composition of iron ores from Mongolian western region and its applicability for cement production B. Tserenkhand, R. Sanjaasuren, P. Solongo Physical and chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition of seeds oil isolated from Camelina sativa (L) cultivated in Mongolia B.Chantsalnyam, Ch.Otgonbayar, O.Enkhtungalag, P.Odonmajig Instructions to authors

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Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Hepatoprotective effects of Paeonia anomala against acetaminophen-induced cell damage through activation of anti-oxidant system O. Sarangerel1,2, K. Kang1, S.B. Lee3, J.H. Yun1, D. Batsuren4, J. Tunsag4, C.W Nho1 1

Functional Food Center, Korea institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea 2 School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Zorig Street-3, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia 3 Emerging Technology Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea 4 Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Peace ave., Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia ARTICLE INFO: 3 October 2013; revised 7 October 2013; accepted 8 October 2013 Abstract: Overdose of the analgesic and anti-pyretic acetaminophen causes a potentially fatal hepatic necrosis due to a high toxicity and depletion of cellular defense mechanisms. In the present work, the potential hepatoprotective effect of the fruit extract of Paeonia anomala against acetaminophen induced cell damages was evaluated in cultured HepG2 cells and compared to the root extract. The fruit extract showed a potent protection against acetaminophen induced cell death, while the root extract showed a weak protection. Particularly, the pre-treatment of lower doses of the fruit extract, 10 µg/ mL and 20 µg/mL, significantly enhanced cell viability. The level of total glutathione in HepG2 cells treated with the fruit extract prior to the treatment of 40 mM acetaminophen was enhanced, however, the root extract failed for this activity. In addition, activities of quinone reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were increased and protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 and superoxide dismutase 1 were enhanced in the cells treated with 10-20 μg/mL of the fruit extract. Furthermore, the protein level of Nrf2, a crucial regulator for detoxifying and antioxidant systems, was increased by the fruit extract treatment. These results suggest that the fruit extract of P. anomala exerts protective effects against acetaminophen-induced toxicity through activation of key antioxidant systems.

Keywords: Paeonia anomala, acetaminophen, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidation, detoxification INTRODUCTION Although considered safe at therapeutic doses, in overdose, acetaminophen (AP) produces a fatal toxicity to the liver. As delineated from urinary metabolites and accumulated evidences, AP is metabolized primarily by glucuronidation catalyzed

by UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) and sulfation by sulfotransferase. The major conjugates are eliminated from the liver and blood mainly via urine (both) and a little via bile (AP-glucuronide). About 30% and 55% of administered AP is excreted in urine as AP-sulfate and AP-glucuronide, respectively [1]. A small amount of acetaminophen is metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 to form a reactive metabolite known as N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which is formed by direct two electron oxidation [2]. Cytochrome 2E1, 1A2, 3A4, and 2A6 have been reported to oxidize acetaminophen to the reactive metabolite. Also it was reported that NAPQI is detoxified by GSH to form an acetaminophen conjugate via non-enzymatically and enzymatically reaction catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase * corresponding author: moosaraa_o@yahoo.com

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(GST) [3]. In overdose of acetaminophen, sulfation and glucuronidation pathways are saturated, and GSH is depleted by overproduction of NAPQI as much as 90% of total GSH, and it causes NAPQI covalently to bind to cysteine groups on proteins, forming acetaminophen-protein adduct. Also acetaminophen was reported to have an ability to bind covalently to DNA or lipids triggering lipid peroxidation [2].

Although the precise mechanism by which AP or its metabolites cause cell injury is unknown, the cell damage and liver failure are seemed the result from oxidative damage to essential macromolecules, depressed mitochondrial function and distribution of calcium homeostasis [4]. In overdose of AP it was shown that NAPQI reacts very rapidly with GSH, thus GSH concentration is very low in centrilobular cells, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a major peroxide detoxification enzyme, functions very insufficiently under a condition of GSH depletion [5]. In addition, during formation of NAPQI by cytochrome P450s, the superoxide anion is formed, after dismutation it leads to a formation of peroxide [6]. Also, it was suggested that peroxidation of AP to semiquinone free radical may lead to increased superoxide and toxicity [7].

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals from Tavan tolgoi deposit B. Purevsuren1, S. Jargalmaa1, B. Bat-Ulzii1, B. Avid1, T. Gerelmaa1 1

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace avenue, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia ARTICLE INFO: Received 16 October 2013; revised 18 October 2013; accepted 21 October 2013

Abstract: On the basis of proximate, ultimate, petrographic and IR analysis results have been confirmed that the

Tavan tolgoi coal is a high-rank G mark stone coal. The results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of coal ash show that the Tavan tolgoi coal is a subbituminous coal. The ash of Tavan tolgoi coal has an acidic character. The results of pyrolysis of Tavan tolgoi coal at different heating temperatures show that a maximum yield - 5.0% of liquid product can be obtained at 700oC. The results of thermal dissolution of Tavan tolgoi coal in tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1.8) at 4500C show that 50.0% of liquid product can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the COM (coal organic matter).

Keywords: coal, pyrolysis, petrographic analys, mineral compounds, thermal dissolution INTRODUCTION Coal is the major energy source and feedstock of chemical industry among fossil resources in the coming century because of its abundant reserves and easy availability. Because of instability on world oil market, the diversification of energy carriers is practically implemented in many countries with involvement of various nontraditional types of organic raw materials, primarily, coal, whose reserves are much greater than oil and gas reserves. Mongolia is the country of lack of oil source with relative rich in coal resource. Mongolia has 20 billion tons of proven coal reserves and estimated resources totalling 163 billion tons, mostly of them is low-rank brown coal, but remains undeveloped due to a lack of infrastructure. Such reserves include the huge Tavan tolgoi deposit in the South Gobi, which contains over 6.4 billion tons of high quality stone and coking coal, but lies more than 400 km from the nearest railway.

There is a large brown coal basin (Jurassic origin), which contains the Baganuur, Ovdogkhudag, Aduunchuluun, Tevshiin govi, Khoot, Tsaidam nuur and Shivee ovoo deposits and this is located in the central economic region of Mongolia [1]. The most important features of these deposits are accessed by opencast mining and coal can be transported using the nearby railway. In Mongolia coal is currently the main energy carrier for thermal power plants and local boiler houses and there is almost no other form of large-scale coal utilization industry [2].

* corresponding author: e-mail: bpurevsuren.icct@gmail.com

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Now Mongolia exports about 15 million tons raw coal by trucks from the South gobi to China. However, coal samples from the Tavan tolgoi deposit have been assessed for benefication [3] and coke production [4], samples from Baganuur, Bayanteeg and Shivee ovoo deposits as fuel for pyrolysis [5], hydrogenation [6] and gasification [7, 8]. Also samples from Ovdogkhudag and Aduunchuluun deposits have been assessed for their liquefaction potential using facilities in Japan [9].

At present time Mongolian government pays much more attention for the future development of coal processing industries such as coal benefication, coking, semicoking, gasification and liquefaction.

There are already established several small scale semicoking factories in Ulaanbaatar and in Darkhan for production of smokeless fuel. The “Energy Resourses” Company built a middle- scale coal washing factory in South gobi. Mongolian government is planning to establish a coking factory in the framework of “Sainshand” industrial park and “MAK” company a coal liquefaction factory on basis of Aduunchuluun coal deposit.

How to convert coal into oil and gas is a major issue in the country, which will affect the national safety and the economic sustainable development.

Therefore more detailed investigation of above mentioned most important coal deposits by using of modern instrumental analysis such as petrographic and different pyrolysis experimental sets is very important for the future development of coal processing industries in Mongolia.

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Phytochemical study of aerial parts from Phlomis tuberosa L S. Javzan, D. Selenge Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace avenue, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia ARTICLE INFO: Received 29 October 2013; revised 22 November 2013; accepted 25 November 2013 Abstract: Three iridoid glycoside lamiide(I), Ipolamiide(II) and ipolamiide(III) were isolated from N-butanol fractions obtained from the column chromatography of methanol extract from the aerial parts of Phlomis tuberosa. In addition, iridoid cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 7-methyl-, methyl ester and phenol, 4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy were determined from the chloroform fraction of methanol extract of aerial parts from Phlomis tuberosa. Isolation and structural elucidation of compounds were accomplished by PTLC, TLC, CC and spectroscopic methods (UV, 13C and 1H NMR and DEPT, GC-MS).

Keywords: Phlomis tuberosa, iridoid and iridoid glycoside

INTRODUCTION The genus of Phlomis L belongs to the Lamiaceae family and about 100 species widely spread in North Africa, Europe and Asia. It is a popular tea plant which is enjoyed for its taste and aroma. Phlomis species are used to treat various conditions such as diabetes, gastric ulcer, hemorrhoids, inflammation and other wounds [1]. The essential oil of Phlomis is composed by four dominated chemotypes such as monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, limonene and linalool), sesquiterpenes (germacrene D and betacaryophyllene), aliphalic compounds (9, 12, 15octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester), fatty acids (hexadecanoic acid) and other components (transphytol, 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol).

Flavonoids, iridoids and phenylethyl alcohol are the main compounds that are isolated from Phlomis extracts [2].

The pharmacological activities of some Phlomis species have been investigated previously. According to the experiments, they include following biological activities such as antidiabetic, antinociceptive, antiulcerogenic, protection of the vascular system, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In Asia medicine Ph. tuberosa is used as a general roborant, intoxications, tuberculosis, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and rheumatoid arthritis [3]. Recent studies on this species from the flora of Bulgaria showed the presence of several iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides [4 - 6].

In this paper we report the isolation and structure elucidation of three iridoid glucosides, iridoid cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 7-methyl-, methyl ester and a phenol, 4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)2-methoxy obtained from the aerial parts of Phlomis tuberosa. * corresponding author: e-mail: javzan@icct.mas.ac.mn

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EXPERIMENTAL Column Chromatography (CC) was performed with Silica gel 30-70 (Merck), preparative TLC were carried out on Silica gel 60 PF254 .Compounds were sprayed with 1% vanillin in H2SO4, followed by heating at 1000C for 1-2 min. NMR measurements in CD3OD at room temperature were measured using a Varian Unity 500 spectrometer operating at 500MHz and 125MHz for 1H and 13C respectively. Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and well equipped with fused silica capillary column 30mX0.25mmX 0.25 Îźm were used. Moreover, coated with HP-5 MS phase and coupled with Hewlett Packard 6890/MSD 5793 A E were used. Carrying gas was He at 0.8ml/min flow rate. Program of the GC-MS was as following: temperature 50-300oC at 6 o/min, isotherm 0-10min, solvent delay 2.0min, and mass range 50-750. The flame ionization detector was used at Tinl 2600C, Taux2800C. Plant material: The aerial parts of Ph. tuberosa were collected in August 2011 during the full flowering time from mountain of Bayanchandmani soum, Tuv aimag which is central region of Mongolia. A voucher specimen (3020) is deposited in the Herbarium Fund of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia). The plant material was identified by Dr. Ch. Sanchir from the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences.

Extraction and isolation: The air-dried and powdered aerial parts of Ph. tuberosa (600 g) were extracted with MeOH (4 x 3000 ml) at 400C. Methanol extracts were combined and evaporated to dryness in vacuo.

Resulting crude extract (125.5 g) was dissolved in H2O (400 ml) and isolated by CHCI3 (5x300 ml) and n-BuOH (6x 300ml). The CHCI3 layer was then defined by GCMS method. Furthermore, crude extract of the n-BuOH (50 g) was separated by VLC on neutral alumina employing H2O and gradient MeOH-H2O mixtures (25-100%).

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Coumarins of Angelica deccurens J. Ganbaatar1, E.E. Shults2, L.D. Radnaeva3, V.V. Taraskin3 1

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace avenue, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia 2 Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentiev ave., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 3 Baikal Institute of Natural Management, SB RAS, Sakhyanovoy str., 8, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia

ARTICLE INFO: Received 29 October 2013; revised 03 December 2013; accepted 04 December 2013 Abstract: It was shown that the plant Angelica deccurens (Ldb.) B. Fedtsch might be serve as a source of valuable coumarins. Five linear furocoumarins – umbelliferon, isoimperatorin, imperatorin, psoralen and oxypeucedanin have been isolated from the roots of Angelica deccurens (Ldb.) B. Fedtsch growing in Mongolia. Molecular structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The coumarin psoralen has been isolated for the first time from this plant.

Keywords: Umbelliferae, Angelica deccurens, furocoumarins, spectroscopic method

INTRODUCTION Plants of the Umbelliferae family are known to be a good source of naturally occurring coumarins. Natural coumarins, like other unsaturated lactones, may exert various effects on living organisms, both in plants and in animals. In view of their established low toxicity, relative cheapness, presence in the diet and occurrence in various herbal remedies, it is important to evaluate the properties and applications of coumarins [1].

A.deccurens (Ldb.) B. Fedtsch (Umbelliferae) has traditionally been used in oriental medicine as diuretic; remedy for colds, flu, hepatitis, arthritis, indigestion, coughs, chronic bronchitis, fever, rheumatism, bacterial and fungal infections and diseases of the urinary organs. The roots have been identified as containing a sweat-inducing agent, which is capable of countering harmful external influences on the skin, including cold, heat, dampness, and dryness [ 2 - 4].

The fruits of A. deccurens contain mono- and sesquiterpenoids as myrcene, β-fellandren, α-pinen, β-pinen, α-terpinen, p-cimol, α-bizabolol, β-bizabolen, β-elemen, γ-cadinen, ilangen and gumulen [5]. Coumarins (osthol, oxypeucedanin hydrate and oroselon) have been detected in the roots of A. deccurens [6]. Previously, a phytochemical investigation of Angelica deccurens growing in Mongolia has not been undertaken. Therefore in continuation of systematic phytochemical research of plants belonging to the Umbelliferae family we have investigated the roots of Angelica deccurens.

corresponding author: e-mail: ganbaatar_jamsranjav@yahoo.com

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In this paper we are describing the isolation and characterization of coumarins from the roots of A. deccurens (Ldb.) B. Fedtsch growing in Mongolia.

EXPERIMENTAL Plant material: The root of A. deccurens was collected in Dadal soum, Khentei province, Mongolia, during the butonization - flowering period. The voucher specimen was deposited at the Institute of Botany, MAS by Dr. Urgamal M. The air-dried root (3 kg) was sliced and extracted three times with 70% of EtOH at room temperature.

The combined extract was filtered and diluted with distilled water (1:1) and then concentrated in vacuo to yield an EtOH extract. The extract was fractionated by solvents with increasing polarity, i.e., n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethylacetate and n-butanol, respecttively. Each fraction was evaporated by a rotary evaporator. Then, the fractions were separated by column chromatography over silica gel.

Melting points were determined on a Stuart SMF-38 instrument. The IR spectra were recorded on a Vector 22 spectrometer in KBr tablet. UV spectra were measured on a Specord UV-Vis spectrophotometer in ethanol (с = 10-4 mol/l).

NMR spectra of compounds in CDCI3 or CD3OD were obtained on Bruker AV-300 (operating frequency (300.13 MHz) for 1H and 75.47 MHz for 13C and AV600 (600.13 and 150.96 MHz), respectively)) spectrometers. Proton-proton and carbon-proton shift correlation spectroscopy COSY, COLOC, NOESY were used for structure elucidation of substances.

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Synthesis and antifungal activity investigation of a novel clotrimazole derivative B. Zoljargal1, N. Davaasuren2 1

Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory medicine, School of Biomedicine, Health Sciences University of Mongolia, Zorig Street-3, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia 2 Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences University of Mongolia ARTICLE INFO: Received 18 October 2013; revised 3 December 2013; accepted 4 December 2013

Abstract: Azole antifungal agents disrupt fungal ergosterol synthesis that is essential for the formation of fungal

cell membrane by preventing 14-α-demethylase enzyme from binding to its substrate. Clotrimazole is one of the first generations of azole antifungal agents. To discover a novel azole antifungal agent, biphenyl derivative was synthesised together with clotrimazole by multistep linear synthesis. Structures of synthesised azole agents have been validated by spectral analysis and potential antifungal activity of both compounds was determined on an yeast, E.coli and M.luteus by using a disk diffusion method. Clotrimazole and its biphenyl derivative were active against yeast but a novel compound resulted less activity than clotrimazole.

Antibacterial effect was not observed for either azole agents.

Keywords: Clotrimazole, biphenyl derivative, azole antifungals INTRODUCTION Azole antifungals, including clotrimazole, act as an inhibitor to the fungal ergosterol synthetic pathway.

Ergosterol is an essential compound for fungal cell wall integrity and requires that the C-14 methyl group of sterol to be removed if it is to maintain its integrity and normal functionality. Azole antifungals target the haeme protein, which is an active catalytic site of 14α-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme that catalyses 14-αdemethylation of lanosterol in the ergosterol synthetic route. The inhibition of 14-α-demethylase enzyme leads to the accumulation of demethylated compounds, hence results in the death of fungal cell [1 - 3]. Clotrimazole is, one of the first generations of azole drugs, was first introduced by Bayer Ag (Germany) in 1967. Since that time this compound has been extensively studied. Clotrimazole has a broad spectrum of activity and is effective against Candida and Aspergillus species [4, 5].

As antifungal resistance develops in fungi and other factors occur that affect the result of fungal infection treatment, scientists invent new antifungals. A number of structure-activity relationship studies of antifungal agents have been conducted over the past years. The main target of azole antifungals is CYP51 (14-α-demethylase) of p450 enzymes and many studies focused on the computer aided structure modelling of this enzyme in relation to the activity of * corresponding author: zoljargal@hsum-ac.mn

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antifungals. Some structure-activity relationship studies of azole derivatives with the aid of molecular modelling of the CYP51 enzyme active site and the substrate binding mode suggest that conjugated aromatic moieties, including biphenyl and pyrrolylphenyl residues, confer better antifungal activity due to the favourable steric interaction within the enzyme’s active site cavity. Also, if an electron withdrawing group is placed in the para position of the phenyl group, then antifungal activity was increased [6]. In this study we aimed to design novel azole antifungal agents based on clotrimazole core structure.

EXPERIMENTAL General: All reactions were conducted under nitrogen. Solvent concentration was performed on a Buchi rotary evaporator R-210. Flash column chromatography was conducted on silica 40-60 µ, 60 Е with ethyl acetate and petrol as eluent unless specified otherwise. Melting points were determined by a Stuart SMP11 apparatus. IR spectra were obtained on a Varian 800 FT-IR. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were obtained on a BRUKER AVANCE-300 and a JEOL ECS-400. Mass spectra were recorded on a Waters LCT-Premier ESI high resolution mass spectrometer.

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Formation of polymer nanoparticles by self organized precipitation method S. Enkhtuul1, M. Munkhshur 1,2 1

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace avenue, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia Department of Energy and Mechanical engineering, Gyeongsang National University,Cheondaegukchi-Gil 38, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea ARTICLE INFO: Received 01 November 2013; revised 03 December 2013; accepted 04 December 2013 Abstract: Polymer nanoparticles have been investigated with great interest due to their potential applications in the fields of electronics, photonics and biotechnology. Here, we demonstrated the formation of polymer nanoparticles from a tetrafydrofuran/water mixture solution. Polymer nanoparticles remained as dispersed particles in the poor solvent (water) when good solvent (THF) is evaporated. Homogeneous nucleation and successive growth of polymer particles takes place during the dynamic nonequilibrium process of solvent evaporation. The size of the particles ranging from hundreds of nanometers to micrometers scale depends on the solvent mixing ratio. With suitable combinations of solvents, this procedure is applicable to a wide variety of polymers.

Keywords: polymer nanoparticles, self-organized precipitation method, poor and good solvent INTRODUCTION The synthesis of nanostructured materials with tunable properties is central to the development of varying applications in nanoscale science and technology. The convergence of physics, chemistry and biology will actually lead to an explosive increase in possibilities of R&D directions. Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles are useful for a wide range of applications ranging from applications in fields of photonics [1], nanotechnology [2, 3], and life science [4, 5] to fundamental studies in the behavior of colloidal suspensions, like the role of hydrodynamic [6] and entropic [7] forces and studies on phase transition [8] and crystallization [9].

There are many preparation methods of polymer nanoparticles including milling of bulk materials, emulsion polymerization, seed polymerization and reprecipitation [10]. However emulsion based methods for nanoparticle synthesis are two-step procedures that comprise an initial emulsion formation and, subsequently, an actual nanoparticle formation via a process such as evaporation or diffusion [11]. In contrast, reprecipitation methods for organic nanoparticle synthesis are single-step procedures based on the mixing of a solution of the organic compound with a poor or nonsolvent. During recent years, the majority of investigations in the field of nanotechnology have focused on the fabrication of polymeric nanostructures using different methods such as self-organized precipitation method or supercritical fluid technology. Both self-organized precipitation method and supercritical fluid techniques used in the synthesis of nano * corresponding author: e-mail: enkhtuulls@yahoo.com

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materials can be seen as a special form of the reprecipitation method [10]. The supercritical fluid can act either as the good or poor solvent for the polymer compound.

A new methodology based on self-organization [11] is widely applicable to nano- and micro- fabrication of polymer materials without conventional lithographic procedures [12-15]. Self-assembly of nanometric particles will definitely play an important role in this.

Nonlithographic approaches based on thermodynamically driven self-organization processes are especially appealing because of their potential for large-scale production with very small infrastructure investments [16]. Different types of organic nanoparticles ranging from dye molecules to polymers have been prepared using those techniques [11].

In this paper, we have demonstrated the possibility to fabricate polymer nanoparticles using self-organized precipitation method. The characterization of fabricated nanoparticles such as size, size distribution, shape and functionality are the important factors for understanding their properties and considering their applications.

EXPERIMENTAL Preparation of polymer nanoparticles : All chemicals were purchased from SX Biotech Co., Ltd, Mongolia.

Polystyrene (1 mg) was dissolved in 2 ml of good solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 2 ml of poor solvent water was slowly added to the THF solution through a syringe pump with dropping speed of 1ml/ min. The polymer solution remained still optically transparent after mixing. The solution stayed

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Dissolution behaviour of freibergite-tetrahedrite concentrate in acidic dichromate solution Sh. Nyamdelger, G. Burmaa, T. Narangarav, G. Ariunaa Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace ave., Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia Received 29 October 2013; revised 3 December 2013; accepted 4 December 2013 ARTICLE INFO: Received 1 November 2013; revised 8 December 2013; accepted 11 December 2013 Abstract: Asgat ore sample with estimated content of 431g/t silver was concentrated by using floatation method and obtained freibergite-tetrahedrite concentrate with 9050g/t Ag, 35.75% Cu, 28.5% Sb and 10.6% Fe, respectively. The dissolution of concentrate in acidic potassium dichromate solution has been investigated with respect to the sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate concentrations and by changing leaching temperature and time. Leaching freibergitetetrahedrite concentrate in dichromate acidic solution (K2Cr2O7-0.1M, H2SO4-0.4M leaching time 4h, leaching temperature 950ĐĄ) resulted total amount of leaching of 95.65 % silver, 93.85% copper, 99.86 % antimony and 30.18% iron.

Keywords: dissolution, freibergite-tetrahedrite concentrate, dichromate INTRODUCTION Asgat silver-polymetallic deposit is one of the strategic mineral deposits of Mongolia. It locates in Nogoonnuur, Bayan-Ulgii province, north western part of Mongolia. No operation has been started since 1976’s due to its location in high mountain region and lack of technical feasibility for mining.

Silver, copper, antimony and bismuth are the valuable metals of this deposit ore and its main minerals are tetrahedrite and chalcopyrite [1].

Complex polymetal minerals containing in ore and its concentrate has been treated by conventional pyrometallurgical methods. However, these routes are troubled by their higher operating costs and excessive environmental pollutions. This hinders and limits the ability of established smelting or roasting technologies to fill the needs of new sources of polysulfide concentrate. An alternative is to treat polymetals containing concentrate by hydro metallurgical techniques. A hydrometallurgical method is expected to be promising in order to overcome such problems.

In recent years, there has been a heightened interest in the possible application of various reagents in the hydrometallurgical processing of polymetallic ore and concentrate- especially tetrahedrite concentrate.

Most of the references on tetrahedrite concentrate leaching refers to the use of alkaline leaching with Na2S + NaOH [2-5]. Balaz et al. [4] used alkaline leaching to remove selectively antimony, mercury and arsenic from a concentrate containing 41% tetrahedrite. * corresponding author: e-mail: nyamdelger@yahoo.com

36

The process involved a mechano-chemical treatment of the concentrate, where the solid concentrate was ground in an attritor with a solution of Na2S+NaOH and antimony, arsenic and mercury were leached out.

The leaching of Sb and Hg, and the thiourea leaching of silver from a mechanically activated tetrahedrite is also reported by Balaz et al. [5].

According to Correia et al. [6] have studied the leaching of tetrahedrite with ferric chloride, sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid solutions. It involves the breakdown of the tetrahedrite crystal structure with simultaneous liberation of all of its components.

The leaching of tetrahedrite can be described by the shrinking core model and the leaching rate is controlled by a surface reaction.

Correia et al. [7] also studied the autoclave leaching of two tetrahedrite concentrates with solutions of cupric and ammonium chloride, cupric and sodium chloride, or ferric and sodium chloride. They summarized that leaching with ammonium chloride was very efficient. It describes almost completely dissolution the tetrahedrite after 3h of leaching at 1300C and 3atm of oxygen partial pressure.

The dichromate ion (Cr2O72-) have been used to dissolve chalcopyrite in acidic medium [8] and copper removal from molybdenite concentrate related with their higher oxidation potential [9].

The reduction of dichromate ion in acidic solutions is given by Jackson as [10]: Cr2O72-+14H++6e-→2Cr3++7H2O

E0=1.33V

This potential value (1.33V) is adequate to oxidise almost all metal sulfides.

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Chemical composition and biological activities of the Agaricus mushrooms L. Munkhgerell, N. Erdenechimeg1, B. Tselmuungarav2, B. Amartuvshin1, Ts. Bolor1, D. Regdel1, P. Odonmajig1 1

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace ave., Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia 2

National University of Mongolia

ARTICLE INFO: Received 28 October 2013; revised 8 December 2013; accepted 9 December 2013 Abstract: Two species of Agaricus mushroom grown in Mongolia were analyzed for their element content. Biological activity and chemical components study of Agaricus, grown in the Mongolian flora has been investigated for the first time.

The ethanol extracts of dried Agaricus sp. mushrooms were analyzed for antioxidant activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and interferon-like activity. The ethanol extracts from Agaricus arvensis showed the most potent radical scavenging activity. The IC50 of A. silvaticus and A. arvensis were 216 and 17.75 g/ml respectively. Among the twenty three mushroom extracts, the extracts from A. silvatisus and A. arvensis have shown the interferon-like activity.

Keywords: Agaricus silvaticus, Agaricus arvensis, Free radical-scavenging activity, DPPH, IFN-like activity, luciferase INTRODUCTION Scientific evidence has attested the presence of bioactive substances in Agaricaceae fungi with essential nutritional and metabolic properties including: glucans, proteoglucans, ergosterol, lectins and arginine. Agaricus is a large and important genus of mushroom containing both edible and poisonous species, with possibly over 300 members worldwide.

This genus belongs to Phylum Basidiomycota, Class: Hymenomycetes (newly described Class Agaricomycetes), Order: Agaricales, Family: Agaricaceae [1].

The Agaricales order is one of the major classes of fungi and contains a great number of important species that are used as nutritional supplements and therapeutic resources. Agaricus silvaticus and Agaricus arvensis are common, edible mushrooms belonging to Agaricaceae family which are known for their therapeutic properties. There are several studies that report the effects of A. silvaticus (Sun mushroom) on various diseases and these properties may also be associated to the presence of bioactive compounds with medicinal value, such as phenolic compounds, polyketides, terpenes and steroids recognized as excellent antioxidants. There are several studies that report the effects of A. silvaticus on various diseases and these properties may also be associated to the presence of bioactive compounds with medicinal value, such as phenolic compounds, polyketides, terpenes and steroids recognized as excellent antioxidants [2]. According to Elmastas et al. [3], phenolic compounds seem to antioxidant activity be the main component * corresponding author: e-mail: munhkgerel_l@yahoo.com 41

responsible for the in mushroom extracts. According to Tsai et al. [4], the antioxidant properties of Agaricus blazei may be associated with its high concentration of tocopherols. Antioxidant activity has been investigated for this and some other Agaricus species, and in China it is claimed to have anticancer properties and has been used to cure lower back pain and pain in tendons and veins [5].

The A. arvensis (Horse mushroom) is regarded as one of the most delicious edible fungi, although the fruiting bodies of this and other yellow-staining Agaricus species often have a build-up of heavy metals, such as cadmium and copper [6].

Clinical and experimental studies demonstrate that dietary supplementation with Agaricales mushrooms and other medicinal fungi exert positive nutritional, medicinal and pharmacological effects and can be used as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. The mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds found in mushrooms are yet to be fully elucidated in the literature, but scientific evidence suggests that these substances are able to modulate carcinogenesis not only at early stages, but at more advanced phases of disease progression as well, providing benefits to individuals with various types of cancer, mainly by stimulating the immune system [7].

The aim of this study were to evaluate the chemical composition of two dehydrated species of the Agaricus fungus with respect to protein, lipids, minerals as well as determine the antioxidant and interferon-like activity of alcoholic extracts from those two species of Agaricus.

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Chlorophyll catabolites in the frass of the Small Tortoiseshell caterpillars (Aglais urticae L.) B. Amarsanaa1,2, and W. Boland1 Dedicated to Professor Badgaa Dagva on the occasion of his 80 th birthday Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knцll-Str. 8, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Beutenberg Campus, Jena, Germany 2 Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace ave., Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia 1

ARTICLE INFO: Received 3 November 2013; revised 3 December 2013; accepted 9 December 2013 Abstract: Herbivorous insects excrete most of the consumed chlorophyll as partly degraded derivatives lacking the phytol side chain and the central magnesium ion. To study common degradation patterns of chlorophyll in plant-feeding insects, the frass of the Lepidopteran caterpillar, Aglais urticae was analysed for chlorophyll catabolites. The major metabolites were determined as pheohorbide a and pyropheophorbide a by using LC-MS, LC-SPE-NMR and UV. These compounds are not present in fresh leaves of the food plants (Urtica dioica).

Keywords: Aglais urticae; Lepidoptera; frass; pheophorbide; pyropheophorbide INTRODUCTION Chlorophylls (Chl) are ubiquitous pigments present in nature. Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to absorb energy from light. Chls are also counted for dietary in the food of herbivores [1]. It is estimated that more than 109 tonnes of green Chls degrade annually on the land [2] to colorless linear tetrapyrroles in a highly conserved multistep pathway [3]. The pathway starts with the loss of the central Mg2+ ion by a chlorophyllase (CLH) and a metalchelating substance (MCS), yielding pheophytins.

After hydrolytic removal of the phytol side chain pheophorbides a/b (Phe) [4] and pyropheophorbides a/b (Pph) remain as stable products on the tetrapyrrole level. Both, the biotic and the abiotic degradation of Chl generate a number of bioactive products. In particular, Phe a/b have a wide range of activities. Phe a has anti-oxidative properties and both, Phe a/b, are active against tumors [5]. In addition, some of their derivatives exhibit antimicrobial activities [6]. Moreover, Phe and Pph a are biotoxic [7] and act as photosensitizer disrupting the mitochondrial electron transport [8]. While the process of Chl degradation is well studied in planta, we faced a remarkable lack in knowledge on chemistry and biochemistry of the early and late events of Chl degradation in plant-feeding insects.

Scattered information is available on Chl degradation in aquatic grazers, algae, bacteria and even aphids [9]. Recently, first evidence for an ecological role of Phe a was published, presenting Phe a as a powerful deterrent in the fecal shield of larvae of a * corresponding author: e-mail: boland@ice.mpg.de

46

tortoise beetle. For the first time, a Chl degradation product was assigned an interspecific, non-nutritive defense function, which might suggest a wider occurrence of Chl degradation products with still unknown functions in other ecological systems [10].

Fig. 1. The early degradation steps of chlorophyll in the insect alimentary tract and the basic structure of its derivatives. Chl is degraded by chlorophyllase – loss of phytol; and by a metal-chelating substance - loss of Mg2+: producing Phe. Pheophorbidase (Phedase) and pheophorbide demethoxydecarbonylase (PDC) producing Pph.

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Properties of humic substances isolated from different natural sources G. Dolmaa1, G.P. Aleksandrova2, M.B. Lesnichaya2, B. Nomintsetseg 1, G. Ganzaya1, B. Bayraa1 B.G. Sukhov2, D. Regdel1, B.A. Trofimov2 1

Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace avenue, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia 2 Institute of Chemistry Siberian Branch of RAS, Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia

ARTICLE INFO: Received 01 November 2013; revised 07 December 2013; accepted 10 December 2013 Abstract: The purpose of study was to determine properties of humic substances by combination of modern and traditional methods. Humic substances isolated from three different sources from Mongolia such as peloid from Lake Gurban nuur, coal from Baganuur deposit and oil shale from Shine khudag deposit.

On the basis of determination H/C and O/C atomic ratios in humic substances by elemental analysis, confirmed existing of aromatic structures in the molecules and oxidized functional groups.

Have been studied the structure of humic substances by spectral method. For example infrared spectrums showed that humic substances are characterizing with poly-structural components, with different quantity in the samples. Light adsorption of samples in the UV-Vis region, a decrease on the absorption intensity with an increase of the wave length was observed (Fig. 2). The high ratio Н/С, attributed to stretching of C=C bond of aromatic rings in IR spectrums, the high content of functional groups, lower extinction coefficients, confirmed that aromatic fragments to prevail than aliphatic chain fragments in structure of all studied HS Keywords: peloid, brown coal, humic substance, shale, organic matter

INTRODUCTION Humic substances (HS) are natural products widely distributed in soil and water as well as in geological organic deposits such as lake sediments, peats, brown coals and oil shale. HS are major components of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters and at higher concentrations can impart a dark color, especially in brown fresh water ponds, lakes and streams [1].

Humic substances are complex and heterogeneous mixtures of polydispersed materials formed by biochemical and chemical reactions during the decay and transformation of plant and microbial remains (a process called humification). Plant lignin and its transformation products, as well as polysaccharides, melanin, cutin, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, fine char particles, etc., are important components taking part in this process .

The properties of humic substances can be determined by instrumental analytical methods. The characteristics properties of humic substances are due to the functional groups situated on the carbon-chain.

They could have acidic, alkaline or neutral character.

Humic substances represent an extremely heterogeneous mixture of molecules with molecular weight from as low as several hundred to over 300.000 daltons [2, 3]. Due to complex nature of these biopolymers the determination of elemental composition and molecular mass are more difficult. * corresponding author: e-mail: dolmaa_g@yahoo.com

51

Have been determined the elemental composition and functional groups of humic substances content, etc. Main difference for studied HS is ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic component. The determined results show that the oxygen containing functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl groups are more active than other bioactive groups.

EXPERIMENTAL Sampling area: Lake Gurban nuur in Khentii aimag: Lake Gurban nuur located in Dadal province of Khentii aimag. It is located at an elevation of 800 m above sea level and [1]. Peloid in middle of lake are widely used in folk medicine. Its coordinates are 49°2'30" N and 111°39'0" E in DMS (Degrees Minutes Seconds) [4].

Baganuur coal deposit: The Baganuur coal deposit locates in 130 kilometers east of Ulaanbaatar, established in 1980, supplying over 70% of the coal required for the Central regional power electric system. It is considered as one of the biggest open coal mines in Mongolia. The mine contains 599.818 million tons of coal and has the capacity to extract 3 million tons of coal per year.

Isolation humic substances from peloid: The isolation process of humic sunstances involved air drying of 10g peloid and dissolved it in 100 ml 10% HCI solution at room temperature for one hour and in water bath heated for 2 hours. Mixture was filtered and washed with distilled water after cooling. Residues were extracted with 0.2N NaOH at 600C for overnight

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Synthesis and characterization of Taurine B. Bayarmaa, D. Otgonsuren, P. Odonmajig Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace ave, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia ARTICLE INFO: Received 1 November 2013; revised 9 December 2013; accepted 10 December 2013 Abstract: Have been obtained 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) from ethanolamine, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite during the synthesis in laboratory condition. The process involves two steps of reactions, the first was esterification of ethanolamine with sulfuric acid to produce the intermediate product of 2-aminoethyl ester which than was extended to the second step by sulfonation with sodium sulfite to produce 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid. Resulting product was analyzed using 1H-NMR, IR, FAB-MS analysis and examined purity characterizations of the synthesized products.

Keywords: 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, esterification, sulfonation, 1H-NMR, IR, FAB-MS

INTRODUCTION The term energy drink refers to a beverage that contains caffeine in combination with other ingredients such as taurine, guarana, B vitamins, and that claims to provide its consumers with extra energy [1]. Energy drinks, include monster energy drink, market taurine as a substance that enhances the entry of glucose in to muscles - which improves endurance because the body uses the glucose in times of stress. Taurine along with caffeine may actually cause a “crash� effect after consumption [2].

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a conditionally - essential amino acid which is not utilized in protein synthesis, but rather is found free or in simple peptides. First discovered as a component of ox bile in 1827, it was not until 1975 that the significance of taurine in human nutrition was identified, when it was discovered that formula-red, pre-term infants were not able to sustain normal plasma or urinary taurine levels [2]. Taurine is found in large amounts in the brain, retina, heart and blood cells called platelets.

The best food sources are meat and fish. Taurine is involved in a number of physiological processes including bile acid conjugation, osmoregulation, and detoxification of xenobiotics, cell membrane stabilization, modulation of cellular calcium flux, and modulation ofneuronal excitability. One of the imported materials is 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid which is as amino acid composed of protein which is useful in metabolism process. It is also needed as nutrition for brain in growth period, to stimulate a better condition of hearth and eye [3]. Taurine derived from amino acid which has a simple molecular structure. Many procedures to synthesized taurine mostly use two steps of reaction. Ethylene chloride reacts with sodium sulfite to produce 2-chloroethylsulfonic acid after refluxing for 72 hours and * Corresponding author: e-mail: bbayarma@gmail.com

57

then it is reacted with ammonia to produce 75% of taurine. Reaction of ethanolamine and tionyl-chloride produces 2-chloroethylamine (80%) and then sodium bisulfate is added to produce 85% of taurine. From the tree procedures mentioned above, the second produces low yield while the first and third procedures involve starting materials which are difficult to obtain and carcinogenic [4, 5].

Based on literature study, we are conducting a research experiment to prepare 2-aminoethansulfonic acid in a laboratory scale. Raw materials of ethanolamine, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite were used.

Better yield was expected to be obtained and production cost would be lower.

EXPERIMENTAL General: Chemicals used in this study were technical grade ethanolamine, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite.

Most reagents were obtained from commercial sources (Sigma-Aldrich, Tsetsuuh trade CO., Ltd-MGL) and used without further purification. The equipment used for preparation of taurine consisted of tree neck glass reactor, funnel, condenser, thermometer and hotplate with stirrer. All spectrometer determinations were made in the laboratory at Inje University, in South Korea. 1H NMR spectra were obtained in D2O on a spectrometer (LC-NMR, VNMRS 500; VARIAN, Palo Alto, CA, USA) at room temperature with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. FTIR spectra were recorded using KBr pellets on 8201 fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (640IR; VARIAN, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Molecular weights were determined on a high resolution FAB mass spectrometer (FAB-MS, JMS 700; Jeol, Akishima Tokyo, Japan).

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Characterization of ash pond ashes from 3rd thermal power plant by SEM/EDX and XRD methods A. Minjigmaa1, Ts. Zolzaya1, E. Bayanjargal2, B. Davaabal1, J. Temuujin1 1

Laboratory of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace ave., Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia 2 Laboratory of Natural Science, Mongolian Academy of Sciences ARTICLE INFO: Received 29 October 2013; revised 6 December 2013, accepted 10 December 2013

Abstract: Coal combustion by products from ash pond of 3rdthermal power plant of Ulaanbaatar city have been collected in 2010 and 2013 years. The ash samples have been characterized by XRD, XRF and SEM-EDX methods in order to evaluate their chemical and mineralogical composition changes with disposed times. The mineralogical composition of ash varies with time though the chemical composition of the ashes were close each other. Possibly, inefficient operating condition of the TPS shows influence on the mineralogical composition.

Keywords: coal combustion by products, thermal power station, XRD, SEM/EDX, characterisation

INTRODUCTION Approximately 10-30% of the original coal is noncombustible and remains as solid by-products after burning in the thermal power plants. Generally, the chemical, mineralogical composition and volume of the coal combustion by-products are determined by the content and composition of the inorganic constituent of the original coal and design and operation of the power station [1]. Coal combustion by-products (CCP) also can be divided into different types; namely bottom ash or boiler slag, fly ash and flue gas desulphurisation materials. Ahmaruzzaman has stated that the world's current annual production of coal ash is around 600 million tonnes of which fly ash are about 500 million tonnes [2]. But the latest references indicate that over 750 million tonnes of the ashes are produced worldwide while only 25% is being recycled [3, 4].

A schematic diagram for the different coal combustion products collected during power generation is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of coal combustion by productscollection. * corresponding author: e-mail: a_minji@yahoo.com 61

The majority of coal firing residue from Mongolian power plants cannot be considered as fly ash.

At this time, only the TPS4 has an electrostatic separator to collect fly ash. Other thermal power stations are producing bottom ash or boiler slags. The two largest thermal power stations in Ulaanbaatar city are using a huge volume ash pond to keep the removed coal combustion by-products wet. However, due to a land shortage in Ulaanbaatar city, there is problem to build a new ash pond.

In the laboratory of Materials Science and Technology of Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology at presently performs research on beneficial utilization of the coal combustion by products from the Mongolian thermal power plants [5].

However, one of the main problems encountering in coal combustion by products utilization is nonuniformity of these by products in terms of chemical and mineralogical compositions with time of production. Because of such non-uniformity of the ash products, difficult to create a technological procedure applicable for the ashes collected in different years.

The aim of the present research is to characterize coal combustion by products by the analytical techniques and to elucidate differences of the ashes collected in different years.

EXPERIMENTAL For the experiments were used ash pond ashes from the 3rd Thermal power plants collected in 2010 and 2013 years.

The chemical composition of the ashes was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscopy equipped with the

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Separation of medical nanopowder from the natural minerals by supercritical CO2 J. Oyun Chemistry Department, Ulaanbaatar school, National University of Mongolia ARTICLE INFO: Received 1 November 2013; revised 8 December 2013; accepted 11 December 2013 Abstract: Nano-sized medical raw material has been derived from the medical quality natural spar (CaCO 3) without the use of chemical salt. The theoretical base of the method consists in the transferring and keeping CO 2 to a supercritical state during thermo-chemical processing of the spar at 900-950°C. The supercritical CO2 has a form of solid solution that holds the properties of both gas and solid. Afterwards, with dissolving it in the animal milk, the solution is equalized by the sovent’s expansion with the decrease of temperature and creates amorphous crystal nanopowder. The size of the resultant product was determined both by XRD and TEM analysis as to be 13.51 nm (Lu »13.09 nm).

Keywords: Supercritical CO2, saturated gas, nanopowder, spar, amorphous crystal INTRODUCTION Carbon dioxide exists as a gas, as a liquid and as a solid called dry ice when frozen. Above its critical temperature and pressure, it behaves like a supercritical fluid with unique properties of both gas and liquid. Such CO2 has the ability to diffuse through solids like a gas and dissolve materials like a liquid.

Besides, it can readily change in density upon minor changes in temperature and pressure. All these properties make it suitable for use as organic solvents. The critical point of a substance was first discovered by Charles Cagniard de la Tour in 1822 and named by Andrews in 1869. With the increase of pressure, density increases and it is possible to change pressure and increase solubility [1-3]. Since 1991 the supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) have been studied extensively in various experiments such as nanopowder extraction and increase of cement’s quality in the laboratories of different countries.

However, the interaction of the material by ScCO 2 requires specific devices with complicated construction, which makes the process cost ineffective [1-5]. The traditional methods, we experimented, have unique advantages keeping ScCO2 in the primary material by simple, costeffective and high productive way, avoiding necessity of grinding a material to a smaller particles, of using chemical salts. It is green, ecologically pure, ready to use for industrial production [6, 7]. By this article, I aimed to prove that our experiment made on the basis of the traditional technology is performed at the current nanotechnological level and to explain its scientific substantiation by modern scientific expressions. *corresponding author: e-mail: jambaoyuna@yahoo.com

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The easiness wonders one, but if based on the great Mongolian traditional knowledge, the great can be created by the simplest way. As it is well documented, Mongolians (between XIII and mid of XX centuries) were famous in Asia and Europe by preparing drugs against any kind of diseases from medical minerals in combination with plant or animal origin materials. In drugs source manuscript [8] noticed about hermetic burning and taming of spar and utilization it after enhancing/nutriting (synthesizing or processing) by animal milk, yogurt or fat. In [9] it is defined the hermetic burning of spar removes organic toxic mixtures but keeps the composition as it is. Among them is flammable carbon dioxide CO2, which does not volatilize but remains in the spar. Importance of CO2 as it dissolves minerals and transfers energy in the drugs were documented in [7, 11]. During the synthesizing of tamed spar with milk, spar turns into the nano-sized powder without addition of any other substances. This fact has proved our explanation and that CO2 is a good solvent [7, 9]. As noticed in the manuscript [8] our ancestors were processing it during three hours on the cattle droppings fire. We have processed it in a less than three hours and extracted medical nanopowder (13.51 nm) for the first time [11-12]. The spar tamed by such a method had been used for preparing drugs against coronary diseases, gastritis, esophageal cancer, brain damage and osteoporosis [6-12].

EXPERIMENTAL For our experiment we have used about 30 kinds of mineral samples collected from the Gobi region of Mongolia.

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Fatty acids and their esters from Cicuta virosa L. U. Jargalsaikhan1 , S. Javzan2, D. Selenge2, D. Nedelcheva3, S. Philipov3, J. Nadmid4 1

Institute of Veterinary, Mongolian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace ave., Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia 3 Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 4 Mongolian University of Sciences and Technology, School of Materials Technology 2

ARTICLE INFO: Received 3 November 2013; revised 12 December 2013; accepted 13 December 2013 Abstract: n-Hexane and chloroform fractions of aerial parts and roots of Cicuta virosa L. were investigated by GC-MS. As a result of the study 25 fatty acids and their esters have been identified. Two unsaturated esters such as linoleic acid ethyl ester (IX, 16.66%), and n- hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (VII, 10.12%), the fatty acid n-hexadecanioc acid (VI, 8.10%) made up the bulk of the aerial parts. Four unsaturated esters such as linoleic acid ethyl ester (IX, 10.15%), dibutylphthalate (XII, 9.55%), n-hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (VII, 8.19%) and 9, 12, 15 - octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester (X, 5.9%), two fatty acids as n-hexadecanoic acid (VI, 8,15%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (VIII, 4,5%) predominated in the roots of Cicuta virosa L. These known fatty acids and their esters were found for the first time in this plant species.

Keywords: Cicuta virosa L., Umbelliferae, fatty acids, esters GC-MS INTRODUCTION Cicuta virosa L. or water hemlock is a member of the genus Cicuta, of the Umbelliferae family plants. Six species, native to temperate regions of North America and Asia, are belonged to the genus Cicuta [1]. Only one species Cicuta virosa L is widespread and found in Khentei, Khangai, Mongol Daurian, Mongol Altai, Dornot Mongol, Gobi Altai (BayanTuhum-Nuur) and Transaltai Gobi (Ih tsaram) regions of Mongolia [2]. Previously some pharmacological activities such as insecticidal, antioxidative activity and antileukemic properties of Cicuta virosa have been investigated [3-5]. In our previous phytochemical study of Cicuta virosa L. growing in Mongolia resulted with identification of seven known alkaloids and eleven alcohols [6, 7]. The aim of the present study is to identify the fatty acids and esters in aerial parts and roots of Cicuta virosa L. subjecting the n-hexane and chloroform fractions by the Gas chromatography-Mass spectral analysis.

EXPERIMENTAL Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), well equipped with fused silica capillary column 30 m X 0.25 mm X 0.25 Îźm was used. Coated with HP-5 MS phase and coupled with Hewlett Packard 6890/MSD 5793 A E was used. He with 0.8 ml/min flow rate was used a carrying gas. Program of the GC-MS as follows: temperature 50-300oC at 6 o/min, isotherm 0-10 min, solvent delay 2.0 min, mass range 50-750. The flame ionization detector was used at Tinl 260oC, Taux280oC. Plant material: Aerial parts of Cicuta virosa L. * corresponding author: javzan@icct.mas.ac.mn

71

collected (275g) in July, while roots in April (280g), in July (350g) and in October (382g) at Achuutiin gol of Bulgan aimag, Central Mongolia. The plant material was identified by Prof. Ch. Sanchir, Institute of Botany Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS), and the voucher specimen is deposited in the Herbarium Fund of the same Institute.

Extraction and isolation: The air-dried and powdered aerial parts (275 g) and roots (280, 350 and 382 g) of Cicuta virosa L. were extracted with EtOH (each drug 4 x 3000 ml) at room temperature. The combined ethanol extracts were evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The resultant each crude extract was dissolved in distilled H2O (400 ml) and partitioned between nhexane, CHCI3, ethylacetate and n-BuOH, respectively.

The n-hexane and CHCI3 fractions were concentrated in vacuo and gave 26.6 g of dry n-hexane fraction and 33.9, 40.0, 37.0 g of dry CHCI3 fractions, respectively.

These fractions were subjected to preliminary phytochemical tests.

Gas-Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry analysis: Two Îźl of n-hexane and chloroform fractions of aerial parts and roots from Cicuta virosa L. were employed for GC-MS analysis. The molecular weight and structure of compounds of test materials were ascertained by interpretation on mass spectrum of GC -MS using the database of National Institute Standards and Technology (NIST).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The fatty acids and esters composition of aerial parts of Cicuta virosa L. isolated from the n-hexane and chloroform fractions were summarized in table 1.

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Composition of iron ores from Mongolian western region and its applicability for cement production B. Tserenkhand1, R. Sanjaasuren2, P. Solongo1 1

Depatment of chemical technology, School of chemistry and chemical engineering, NUM 2 R search center for chemistry and technology of new materials, School of chemistry and chemical engineering, NUM

ARTICLE INFO: Received 30 October 2013; revised 11 December 2013; accepted 11 December 2013 Abstract: In this research were studied the chemical and mineral compositions of some iron ores in Mongolian

the western region. Also the study investigated the effect of calcium fluoride on decomposition temperatures of calcite in the raw mixfor obtaining cement clinker.

The chemical investigation result showed that iron oxide (Fe 2O3) content in the western Mongolian iron ores represents in Uvgondatsan (Khovd) – 87.23%, Suul Khar (Khovd) – 85.00% and Kharganat (Uvs) – 89.29%, respectively. Iron ores of Kharganat and Uvgundatsan are mostly contained magnetite (Fe 3O4) while iron ore of Suul Khar is mostly contained hematite (Fe2O3).

The decomposition temperature of calcite (CaCO 3) was reduced by 5oC, 10oC, and 15oC when calcium fluoride (CaF2) in the raw mix for obtaining cement clinker that consists of Shokhoit limestone, Shal clay and Kharganat iron ore was added up 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% .

Keywords: Iron ore, magnetite, hematite, saturation coefficient, raw mix for obtaining cement clinker.

INTRODUCTION Iron ore is mineral that contains high Fe2O3 and mixture of alumosilicates. In order to reduce module of alumina in cement production, minerals that have high iron content are used [1, 2]. Iron ore generally comprised minerals such as magnetite (Fe2O3∙FeO), hematite (Fe2O3), limonite (β- FeO(OH)), goethite (α-FeO(OH)), lepidocrocite (γ-FeO(OH)), siderite (FeCO3) and ilmenite (FeTiO3).

According to geological search in Mongolia, approximately 200 iron ore mines were discovered. Main objective of the study is to determine chemical and mineral composition of the Western Mongolian iron ores and to investigate possibilities to use their in raw mix for obtaining cement. Chemical pure calcium fluoride (CaF2) is used in order toresearch effect of mineralizing agent ondecomposition temperature of calcite in raw mix for obtaining cement clinker.

EXPERMENTAL Iron ores from Kharganat in Uvs aimag and Suulkhar, Uvgundatsan in Khovd aimag, and chemical pure calcium fluoride were used in this research.

Kharganat iron ore deposit is located 45 km northwest from center of Naranbulag soum and 3.2 km from the lake Sharburd. The deposit length is 1200 m and width is 12-30 m. The geographic coor* corresponding author: tseren_hand@yahoo.com

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dinates of Kharganat iron ores are 49o37/00// (north latitude) and 92o11/00// (east longitude).

Uvgundatsan iron ore is located 105 km from Khovd city and 60 km northwest from Myangad soum. The geographic coordinates of Uvgundatsan iron ores are 48o24/24// (north latitude) and 91o51/00// (east longitude).

SuulKhar iron ore is located 22 km from Khovd city and 45 km from Buyant soum. The geographic coordinates of Suulkhar iron ores are 47o51/00// (north latitude) and 91o48/00// (east longitude).

We used by standard method for taking and preparing samples. Mineral composition of raw materials determined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal analysis (TG/DTA), chemical composition determined byenergy disperse X-Ray fluorescence (ED -XRF,МЕSA 500W) analysis and calculation of cement raw mixture by Kinds method [1 - 3].

TG/TDA measurements were undertaken with Derivatograph T-1500, Hungary, Thermo analyzer at a heating rate of 100C/min using α-Al2O3 as a reference material.

X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted using

by DRON-2 tool with iron cathodes and voltage of Xray tube at 30kV and 20 mA, width of slot at 1×10/0.25×6. Minerals were identifiedusing ASTM card and directory.

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p2-3

Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology

Physical and chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition of seeds oil isolated from Camelina sativa (L) cultivated in Mongolia B. Chantsalnyam1, Ch. Otgonbayar1, O. Enkhtungalag2, P. Odonmajig1 1

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace ave, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia 2 School of Natural Sciences, Mongolian State University of Education

ARTICLE INFO: Received 01 November 2013; revised 13 december 2013; accepted 13 December 2013 Abstract: Camelina sativa L is a cruciferous oilseed plant. This plant is cultivated as an oilseed crop mainly in

Europe and in North America and over the past years the cultivation has arranged in our country. The analyzed oil is obtained from the seeds of Camelina sativa L, growing in Bornuur, Tuv province. The goal of this study was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition of Camelina sativa L seed oil cultivated in Mongolia. According to our analysis total lipid was determined 38.52 %, moisture 4.80 % and total mineral elements 4.02 %, respectively. Mineral elements in Camelina sativa L seeds contain calcium (0.56 %), phosphorous (1.22 %), potassium (1.39 %), magnesium (0.53 %) in dominated amounts; iron, zinc, manganese and copper in trace amounts. Eight nonessential amino acids in seeds of this plant with total amount of 75.9 % were identified; phenylalanine was detected in highest amount among the all identified amino acids, while lysine, tryptophan and arginine are followed.

The following characteristics in Camelina sativa seeds oil were determined. The refractive index was 1.4774 at 20 0C, the peroxide value of fresh oil was 0.03 meq H 2O2 /kg, saponification value 185.8 mg KOH/g, iodine value 143.33 g J2 and acidic value 6.27 mg KOH /g. Carotenoid was determined as 16.77 mg %, by spectrometry in Camelina sativa seeds oil. The analysis of fatty acids composition showed that there are 12.5 % saturated and 87.5 % unsaturated fatty acids. In particular, oleic acid (C18:1) 14.0 %, linoleic acid (C18:2) 9.0 %, α-linolenic acid (C18:3) 10.5 % and gondoic acid (C20:1) 32.8 %, were composed the major part of unsaturated fatty acids.

Keywords: Camelina sativa L, seed oil composition, fatty acids, acidic value, peroxide value, iodine value INTRODUCTION There is no doubt that the value of traditional edible oils will increase due to the growth of population all over the world, resulting in an increase in the demand for oil. Nowadays the people are seeking for healthy food. Various species of beneficial plants are being cultivated in our country every year.

Fat is a nutritious component of food and it provides not only calories for the human body but also further helps for a tissue recovery, regulates the metabolism, takes in different biological processes. Fat is 30-35% of the total calorie intake of a person in one day [1].

The source of fat is classified into animal and vegetable oil. Animal fat is rich resource of saturated fatty acids which has negative effects on the human body such as increased cholesterol and high risk for certain diseases. In contrast to that, vegetable oil, which is rich resource of many kinds of unsaturated fatty acids, prevents from heart and vascular

* corresponding author: e-mail: chantsaa_001@yahoo.com

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diseases, brain and articulation diseases. Camelina sativa L is cultivated in Canada, France, Belgium, Holland, Russia, Australia and Poland. This plant is used to obtain raw oil material for the food, cosmetic, medicine and biofuel industries. Camelina sativa L with popular names “false flax” or “gold pleasure” is a cruciferous oilseed plant. This plant oil was ever studied in many countries. Seeds contain 38 to 43% oil and 27 to 32% protein, respectively. Over 50% of the fatty acids in cold pressed Camelina oil are polyunsaturated [2]. The vitamin E in Camelina oil is approximately 110 mg/100 g. It is well suited for use as cooking oil [3].

Sunflower, canola, mustard, soybean plant are cultivated in our country. However, oil from these plants cannot be used in industry, due to small cultivation.We have studied a new source of oil from Camelina sativa seeds that has cultivated in our country.

MONGOLIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY ISSN PRINT 2226-6739 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS Updated December 2013 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry (MJC) is a scientific journal edited by Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. It is peer-reviewed journal and publishes original peer-reviewed scientific articles, review-type papers on all fields of chemistry. The journal is published annually.

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subheadings give the manuscript more clarity.

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Article in a Book: 1. 1. Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F., and Maniatis T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. 2. 2. Pyle A.M., Lambowitz A.M. (2006) Group II introns: ribozymes that splice RNA and invade DNA. In: Gesteland R.F., Cech T.R., and Atkins J.F. (eds). The RNA World, 3rd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY, 469 -506.

Journal article only by DOI: 1. Slifka M.K., Whitton J.L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J. Mol. Med., doi:10.1007/ s001090000086 Dissertation: 1. Trent J.W. (1975) Experimental acute renal failure. Dissertation, University of California Conference Proceedings: 1. Bortun A.I., Pardini J.J., Butler C.J., Khainokov S.A., Garcia J.R. (2004) Zirconium based inorganic ion exchangers. In Ion Exchange Technology for Today and Tomorrow, Proc.

IEX 2004 Cambridge, UK, ed. Cox M, Society of Chemical Industry, London, 125-132.

Patents: 1. Hegner M.B., and Wendt K.L., (1977) Method of sorting seeds. UK Patent 1470133

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