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April 2012

The Free Global Tae Kwon Do Magazine Totally TKD News Remembering A Legend: GM Si-Hak Henry Cho The Original Forms of Taekwondo: Part 1 Today’s Taekwondo An Interview with Andy Davies Ritual And Ceremony In Taekwondo Choi: The Beginning Teaching The Young Coming Of Age In Your Martial Arts Training Patricks TKD Funnies Battle Of The South East Tournament Referees, Judges & Helpers Totally TKD Wants You Sparring The Martial Ego Taebaek: Practical Applications Phi & TKD: The Golden Number for the Perfect Kick The Promotion Test Fluid What’s In A Name?

Freedom The Will Is Muscle Basic Steps - Opinions of Professional Coach Trainers The Clock Drill Jackie Chan’s 1911, Revolution Problems With Korean And English Termiology Sponsorship Packages Submission Guidelines

- Totally Tae Kwon Do

Page 4 Page 9 Page 15 Page 21 Page 29 Page 33 Page 39 Page 43 Various Page 45 Page 51 Page 54 Page 55 Page 59 Page 61 Page 65 Page 69 Page 69 Page 70 Page 73 Page 77 Page 85 Page 88 Page 89 Page 93 Page 97

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Ubf!Lxpo!Ep! The Free Global Tae Kwon Do Magazine Produced and Published by: Harrow Martial Arts in association with Rayners Lane Taekwon-do Academy Email: editor@totallytkd.com Tel: +44 (0)7759 438779 This PDF may be distributed by all provided such distribution is not done commercially. Charging a fee for this PDF (in whole or in part) is strictly prohibited. This includes distribution by any body, group or individual where a membership, subscription fee or any other charge is required to access or view this PDF and / or its contents.

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2 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Editorial

Issue 38 · April 2012 This month we start of with some sad news. Two Tae Kwon Do legends have passed away during March: Grandmaster Si-Hak Henry Cho and Grandmaster B. S. Huan. Both were highly regarded Tae Kwon Do Masters and both were authors of some highly acclaimed Tae Kwon Do books, some of which are now collectors items. This month we pay tribute to Grandmaster Si-Hak Henry Cho and his achievements, but due to the late news regarding Grandmaster B. S. Huan, we hope to run his tribute in next's months edition.

As Paul O’Leary said (on Facebook) “We are to never to miss the opportunity to train with any of the pioneers and legends of Tae Kwon Do. Our time with them is getting shorter, and we should not let politics get in the way of what they might have to show or teach us” - a point perhaps we should all take note of!

This issue is a massive one, the biggest issue to date and its jam-packed with great articles, so there is sure to be some you enjoy - and if you do, why not let the authors know by posting a note on the Totally Tae Kwon Do Forum and Facebook page!

By the time you read this, the PUMA Open World Championships will have come and gone, but, as I write this it’s the day before I travel down there myself, so I would like to wish everyone the best of luck and hope that you give your best and do your club proud and travel home injury free, as well as make some great new friends, as I did last year. If all goes as well as the previous event, many more people will realise that we are all ‘One Tae Kwon Do’ no matter which organisation you currently reside under.

Read on and enjoy.

Regards,

Stuart Anslow Editor

Issue 38 Contents Totally TKD News Remembering A Legend: GM Si-Hak Henry Cho Totally TKD Wants You Black Belt Success Plan The Original Forms of Taekwondo: Part 1 Today’s Taekwondo An Interview with Andy Davies Ritual And Ceremony In Taekwondo Choi: The Beginning Teaching The Young Coming Of Age In Your Martial Arts Training Patricks TKD Funnies Battle Of The South East Tournament Referees, Judges & Helpers Sparring The Martial Ego Taebaek: Practical Applications Phi & TKD: The Golden Number for the Perfect Kick The Promotion Test Fluid What’s In A Name?

Freedom The Will Is Muscle Basic Steps - Opinions of Professional Coach Trainers The Clock Drill Jackie Chan’s 1911, Revolution Problems With Korean And English Termiology Sponsorship Packages Submission Guidelines

Page 4 Page 9 Page 13 Page 15 Page 21 Page 27 Page 35 Page 39 Page 45 Page 49 Various Page 51 Page 57 Page 61 Page 65 Page 67 Page 71 Page 75 Page 75 Page 76 Page 79 Page 83 Page 91 Page 94 Page 95 Page 99 Page 103

Contributors: Mickey Lozano (Cover), Oerjan Nilson, Colin Wee, Mark Iles, Master Michael kim, Master Doug Cook, Master Frank Murphy, Master Ray Gayle, Brendan Doogan, Jerome Blanes, Earl Weiss, Catarina Murphy, Dave Lomas, Ira Hoffman, Patrick McWade, Lauren Snow, Zbigniew Bujak, Jon Tizick, Sean Lunn, Stefan Litiniuk, Adam Ormond, F. M. Van Hecke, Chris Snow , Kai Boon, Christopher Selwa, Jeff Rosser, Heather Smith-Schenkey, George Vitale, Totally Tae Kwon Do - 3 Sanko Lewis & Stuart Anslow

Totally TKD News Tae Kwon Do Legend Gone But Not Forgotten Tae Kwon Do legend Grandmaster Si-hak Henry Cho past away on 8th March, 2012 Sihak Henry Cho is a 9th degree Grandmaster in Tae Kwon Do and widely recognized as one of a “handful” of originators who introduced martial arts into the United States.

For these accomplishments, Grandmaster Cho was awarded the 2011 Lifetime Achievement award by the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition in recognition for his contribution to the advancement and promotion of physical activity, fitness, sports and nutrition-related programs nationwide through Tae Kwon Do. Grandmaster Cho began his martial arts training in 1949 in South Korea. After coming to the United States and completing his graduate studies in 1961, he decided to run his own martial arts school in New York City, which he ran for forty years. Grandmaster Cho has taught tens of thousands of students at his schools, and satellite schools throughout the world, where thousands of students have been promoted to the Black Belt ranks.

In 1964, Grandmaster Cho took a break from his daily teaching responsibilities and toured ten major cities in the United States and Canada in ten weeks with the 4 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Wonderful World of Sports to demonstrate Tae Kwon Do techniques.

He was nicknamed the “Super Imp” by the late Quentin Reynolds, the narrator of the Sports’ show. Grandmaster Cho has frequently appeared in the media, including appearances on the Tonight Show with Johnny Carson - his first appearance on the Tonight Show was in November, 1962, when the show had been on the air for only about a month.

One of Grandmaster Cho’s proudest moments was in 1974 when he led a group of Tae Kwon Do masters in the United States and successfully lobbied to include Tae Kwon Do in the U.S. Amateur Athletic Union (“AAU”) as a main competition sport.

The AAU Tae Kwon Do committee later renamed itself the USTU to become a full member of the U.S. Olympic Committee.

As chairman of the tournament committee of the AAU, Grandmaster Cho wrote the new competition rules and regulations which were the first draft of the rules currently being used by the World Taekwondo Federation.

In 1965, Grandmaster Cho organized the first All American Open Tae Kwon Do/ Karate/Kung Fu Championship Tournament, and presents this event every year thereafter for forty-seven years. It has become the longest-running national martial arts tournament in the United States and twenty three of the tournaments (from 1967 to 1989) were held in the worldfamous Madison Square Garden Center.

In 1989, he received the GOLD TICKET AWARD from Madison Square Garden to commemorate twenty-three consecutive years of promoting the tournament. The long winners list of this Tournament includes many distinguished martial artists including Chuck Norris.

Grandmaster Cho was inducted into Black

Belt Magazine’s Hall of Fame as “Man of the Year” in 1971 and is the recipient of many other prestigious awards.

understanding amongst all styles.

• President, United Karate Federation, 19661991. An organization formed to foster cooperation and comradery among the different Martial Arts of Korea, China, Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and other Asian nations.

Personal • 9th Degree Tae Kwon Do Grandmaster.

• Member of Ji Do Kwan since 1953.

• Captain of the Korea University Tae Kwon Do (Kong Soo Do) team, 1956-1957.

• Came to the United States in 1958.

• Bachelor of Science in Commerce & Marketing , Korea University, Seoul , Korea , 1957.

• Master of Science in Business Management, University of Illinois , Urbana , Ill. , 1961.

• Graduate Studies in Statistics, Baruch College , CUNY, NY, 1962-1964.

• President, U.S. Ji Do Kwan Association, 1967-1986.

• Chairman, Tournament Committee, United States AAU Tae Kwon Do, 1974-1977.

• Member,

Technical Committee, Taekwondo Federation, 1974-1982.

• President,

the Korean Association of Greater New York, Inc., 1972-74. An umbrella civic organization representing the entire Korean community in the metropolitan New York area.

Martial Arts Teaching & Promotion • Operated the first commercially viable •

• •

• • •

martial arts studio in Manhattan for 40 years, from 1961 to 2001.

Organizes and presents the annual All American Open Tae Kwon Do/ Karate/ Kung‑Fu Championship Tournament for 47 years, from 1965 to 2012, which was held in Madison Square Garden Center for 23 years.

Tae Kwon Do Coach at St. John's University, Jamaica , NY, from 1967present.

Assistant Professor and full‑time faculty member of the Physical Education Department at Queensborough Community College, 1974-1977.

Martial Arts instructor at Baruch College , the City University of New York , New York, NY, 1968-1974.

Martial Arts instructor at Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY, 1966-1968.

Tae Kwon Do demonstrator for the Wonderful World of Sports, comprised of over 120 champions of various sports selected to tour the major cities in North America , 1964.

• Chairman, Organizing Committee of the 1994 and 1995 Korean Day Parade, held on October 1, 1994 and September 30, 1995.

The parade takes place on Broadway between 41st and 26th Streets in Manhattan , New York .

Awards & Commendations • 2011 Lifetime Achievement award by the •

•

•

Leadership Experience • President, the World Council of Martial Arts, Inc., 1991-present. An alliance of different martial arts organizations throughout the world designed to help promote s p o r t s m an s h i p , c o o p e r a t i on , and

World

•

President’s Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition.

Honoree by the Centennial Committee of Korean Immigration to the United States.

Named one of “The 102 Most Distinguished Koreans” residing and/or having resided in the United States during the last 100 years, July, 2003.

Honoree by the City of San Francisco .

Mayor Willie Brown, Jr. honored Sihak Henry Cho by proclaiming October 30, 1999 as “GRANDMASTER SIHAK HENRY CHO DAY IN SAN FRANCISCO !” See "Proclamation".

People's Honor Decoration (Suk Ryu Chang Award) - a MEDAL OF HONOR, presented by Park Chung Hee, President of the Republic of Korea, Seoul, Korea, 1970.

HALL OF FAME (Man of the Year), presented by Black Belt Magazine, Los Angeles, California, 1971.

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• HALL

• • •

• •

• • • • • • •

OF FAME (Pioneer Award), presented by the U.S. Taekwondo Grandmasters’ Society - at its 1st Annual Award Ceremony, Fort Lee, New Jersey, 2006.

HALL OF FAME (Instructor of the Year), presented by United States Naval Academy Karate-do, Annapolis, Maryland, 1996.

Letter of Commendation from President Bill Clinton, April 25, 1996. See "Award".

HALL OF FAME (American Golden Eagle’s Pioneer Grand Master Award), presented

by American Okinawan Karate Association, 1997.

HONOR AWARD, presented by Venezuela All Martial Arts Organization, Caracas, Venezuela, 1998.

HALL OF FAME (Lifetime Achievement Pioneer Award), presented by American Invitational Eagle Classic, Washington, D.C., 1994.

MARTIAL ARTIST OF THE YEAR, presented by All Martial Arts Championship, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1990.

GOLD TICKET AWARD, presented by Madison Square Garden, March, 1989.

HALL OF FAME (East Coast Pioneer Award) presented by Karate Internationale Magazine, Closter , N.J. , 1989.

HALL OF FAME presented by Martial Arts History Museum, Los Angeles, California, 2005.

Letter of Commendation. Presented by the Minister of Information, Seoul, Korea, 1998.

Letter of Appreciation. Presented by President of the World Taekwondo Federation, Seoul, Korea, 1975.

Letter of Commendation. Presented by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Seoul, Korea, 1970.

Publications • Tae Kwon Do: Secrets of Korean Karate,

by S. Henry Cho, Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1968.

• Better Karate for Boys, by S. Henry Cho, Dodd, Mead and Co., 1969.

• Self-Defense Karate, by S. Henry Cho, Stravon Publication, 1970.

• The World Book Encyclopedia, published

by World Book Publishing. The definition of "karate" was written for World Book Encyclopedia by S. Henry Cho and he has 6 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

been on the article contributors' list since 1976.

Source: www.henrycho.com

Chosun Taekwondo Academy Students Earn 19 Awards At Competition Seventeen students from the Chosun Taekwondo Academy in downtown Warwick, accompanied by five others from TPM Martial Arts, a Chosun affiliate school located in Milford, Pennsylvania, recently participated in the 2012 Haddock Taekwondo Invitational Championships.

The event was conducted in New York City at the Sokol School for Physical Education.

By the completion of the competition, the Chosun team had accumulated nineteen trophies for their efforts including eleven 1st place, four 2nd place and four 3rd place awards.

With well over one hundred-fifty enthusiastic martial artists vying to place from schools throughout the tri-state area, the tournament included contests in pointsparring, breaking and poomsae, or forms.

Poomsae consists of choreographed, selfdefense techniques aimed at defeating multiple opponents attacking from various directions and represent the essence of traditional taekwondo. Participants in this division were judged on technical ability, breath control and purpose of motion. The breaking competition required students to execute various hand, spinning, jumping and flying kicks through multiple one-inch pine boards, while the much-anticipated sparring competition compelled competitors to practice defined techniques with close attention given to maintaining control on contact.

The Chosun Taekwondo Academy Competition Team included Warwick residents Eleanor Pyke, Elissa Jones, Pamela Pyke, Arnav Tayal, Jake Durie, Joseph Durie, Timothy Leonard, Patrick Lien, Caswell Gluckstein, Ian Suleski,

The 2012 Chosun Taekwondo Academy Competition Team

Marcele Mitscherlich, Mary Suleski, Henry Smith, Terrie Wynne, Mark Rodenburg, Frank Formosa and Ian Ball.

Chosun head instructor, Master Doug Cook, himself a six-time New York State champion and published author with three best-selling books focusing on taekwondo to his credit said, “while our school is primarily dedicated to promoting the selfenrichment and traditional defensive components of taekwondo rather than merely the sport aspects of the art, it is always gratifying to do well in competition given that taekwondo, along with judo, is a recognized Olympic event. Our students and instructors worked hard to prepare for this occasion and, clearly, the competitors achieved what they set out to accomplish.”

For more information regarding the traditional martial arts curriculum or hatha yoga programs taught at the academy, visit the Chosun website at www.chosuntkd.com or call (845) 9862288.

Medicine Hat, Alberta’s Fire Dragon Taekwondo Competitors Fare Well Five competitors from Master Mark Pellerin’s Fire Dragon Taekwondo traveled to Red Deer, Alberta on March 10th, 2012 to participate in the 4th Annual Adam’s Taekwondo Tournament.

Kalen Schenkey

White belted mother/ daughter duo Angela and Skye Darling (8) participated in their inaugural Poomsae competition after joining Taekwondo only one short month ago and both brought home silver medals.

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In yellow-striped Dylan McClymont’s (9) first Taekwondo competition ever, he was awarded a gold medal in Poomsae and a bronze medal in Sparring.

Niklas Knipstom (11), a green belt was awarded a gold medal in Sparring after receiving numerous low kicks as well as a bronze medal in Poomsae. Twelve year old red belt Kalen Schenkey now owns the bragging rights to being the first Medicine Hat Fire Dragon Taekwondo competitor to spar a 2nd Dan Black Belt in competition.

Kalen was awarded a gold medal in Poomsae and a bronze medal in Sparring.

Fire Dragon Taekwondo brings home another 8 well-deserved medals by five hardworking athletes that demonstrated much integrity and perseverance.

Submitted by: Heather Smith-Schenkey

Niklas Knipstrom (Blue)

Taekwondo Instructional Coordinator Needed Coordinate Taekwondo instructional curricula & schedules; prepare and organize special training programs for national tournaments and local competitions; develop program contents & materials by each level; guide staff coaches for curricula developing & course conducting; review program productivity & evaluate coaches’ jobs. 40 hr/wk, 11am ~ 8pm, Mon.~Fri., Req’d. Bachelor’s degree in physical edu. PLUS 5 years work exp. in Taekwondo instruction; Foreign equiv. degree acceptable. Send resume to Moohan Martial Arts of Cumming, LLC at 1680 Buford Hwy., Cumming, GA 30041 8 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

ADVERT

Remembering A Legend:

Grandmaster Si-Hak Henry Cho 1934 - 2011

By George Vitale How does one sum up the life of a legend in the Tae Kwon Do world? What makes someone think that they could do an adequate job of even attempting to do so? As I ponder how to take a meagre stab at this, I know in advance that what little I can hope to portray will simply not be enough. Nevertheless I will start by telling you, the reader, a little bit about this Pioneer and some of his many accomplishments, along with why I think he was so important as well as why he will be missed.

Cho Si-Hak was born in occupied Korea in 1934. He lived 11 years during the times that Koreans describe as the “dark period”.

This period lasted the whole first half of the last century, until Japan surrendered and Korea was liberated on August 15, 1945.

As a young man Mr. Cho suffered under Japan’s brutal colonial rule. He then experienced more heartache when the Korean Civil War broke out when he was just a teenager of 16 years. As much of the fighting stabilized and centered around the current Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), life slowly began to return to normal for many Koreans. In 1953 an armistice was signed and this was also the year that Mr. Cho started to train in the Korean Martial Arts at the Jidokwan. He went on to earn a Bachelors of Science Degree in Commerce and Marketing from Korea University in 1957. During his college years of 1956 and 57 he served as Captain of his University’s Kong Soo Do team.

By 1958, Mr. Cho moved to America where he was to pursue graduate education. He

earned a Master of Science Degree in Business Management from the University of Illinois in 1961. He moved to New York City and in 1961 he opened the first commercial Korean Karate School on the east coast. This may have been the first permanent school as well. Along the way Si-Hak adopted the Americanized name of Henry. He would become to be known as S. Henry Cho.

It took Master Cho only 4 short years to start hosting what would become one of the most, if not the most significant tournament of its era. This tournament he labelled the All American Open Tae Kwon Totally Tae Kwon Do - 9

Do/Karate/Kung-Fu Championship. He had the foresight to hold it in what was consider ed by many to be the Mecca of Sports arenas, New York City’s Madison Square Garden.

The location, in what many call the Capital City of the World, coupled with the prestige of the “Garden” and the fact that there was few tournaments held on this scale, ensured its success! This format brought martial artists of every discipline together. Winning at this event was a much sought after bragging right of passage. Many notable greats along the way competed here. In fact, far too many to list here. However this was where iconic martial artists and film screen stars Bruce Lee and Chuck Norris met. I remember fondly competing, officiating and bringing my own students there many a time. The tournament has lasted 47 years and is now run by his students.

As a proud Korean, Grandmaster Cho warmly embraced the umbrella term of Tae Kwon Do. For his efforts he was presented the Suk Ryu Chang (People’s Honor Declaration) award, a Medal of Honor

by General Park Chung Hee, south Korea’s leader from 1 9 6 1 - 1 9 7 9 .

Grandmaster Cho played a part in getting Taekwondo accepted by the AAU as an official sport. This was seen as a key step in gaining Olympic sport status. He served as past president of the Korean Association of Greater New York and Chaired the Organizing Committee in the 1990s for the Korean Day Parade, an annual parade that marches on Broadway in the heart of Manhattan.

Just last year his received a Lifetime Achievement Award by the US President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition.

This legend was a martial artist and t e a c h e r ; professional educator and Grandmaster Cho business man; wrote 3 books on respected member Korean Karate, of his community Tae Kwon Do: and his Church Secrets of Korean where he served as Karate, Better an Elder; loving Karate for Boys father and Self Defense 2011 Lifetime Achievement Award from the President’s husband, Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition and grandfather.

Karate. He also His calm outward wrote the definition of “Karate” for The World Book display of quiet demeanour and the balance that he had in his life is an Encyclopedia. example for all of us, as to what a true 10 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

martial artist is.

Attending his funeral service gave me additional insight into his personal family life. While I won’t go into private details of that, suffice it to say that the way his sons spoke about him and their life together was illustrative of how successful he and his wife were in raising wonderful men. Grandmaster Cho took care of his beloved wife during her long illness as a dutiful and caring husband and they always were seen to be together much of the time during their 49 years of marriage. He passed away one week shy of that 49th anniversary.

large bus also pulled up with many young Taekwondo students piling out and walking right passed us. Grandmaster Cho made a comment that the youngsters didn’t realize who this “old guy” was. I reminded him that many did and will continue to know of him and his generation. As if it was not for men like him, maybe then today, what we have, wouldn’t be what we have or to the extent that we do. I was happy that a man of his stature came the north Korean Taekwon-Do National Team’s demonstration in 2011. It was there that our paths last crossed in this life.

His quiet presence spoke volumes about how significant the event was and how powerful Tae Kwon Do truly is.

I was fortunate to have known this man. I truly believe I am better for it. While I never Grandmaster Cho was such an important learned for him directly as a student in man for many reasons. High up on that class, I grew from our conversations lists is that he touched so many lives in together, the experiences afforded through such a positive way. The example of his life leaves us h i s with a prime tournament, model to live his writings I b y .

H i s have read and teachings go cherished and on through his the powerful many students example of the and readers of life he led. his writings. He Perhaps my was a great favourite G o o d w i l l memory was Ambassador w h e n I f o r h i s attended a homeland of demonstration Korea. Men of by the famed his generation Korean Tiger lived through Taekwondo such hard Team of south times, often Korea. We ran unimaginable into each other today, given in the parking Dr. Vitale with GM Cho & Mrs. Cho at the Korean Tiger's Demo the Republic of lot. He was with of course with Mrs. Cho and he was (south) Korea’s rapid rise as an affluent pleased that I took time to greet them. A democracy. He taught what Korea was and Totally Tae Kwon Do - 11

who the Korean people were, long before many could locate it on a map or even name it. For this he and all other Tae Kwon Do Pioneers, of whatever style are owed a debt of gratitude, as they not only gave us Korean Martial Arts, but they introduced us to Korea and the magic of its wonderful, rich culture.

Dr. George Vitale is the first American to earn an

12 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Academic Doctorate from north Korea. He is a lifelong practitioner of Taekwon-Do and his doctoral dissertation was on the history of TKD & the benefits of its training. He continues in-depth research into his beloved Art & welcomes comments & input on this article or any aspect of TKD. George can be reached at: TKD.research@yahoo.com It is his fervent desire that the true and more complete history of TKD is known, so the many deserving figures, like GM Cho, receive the credit due them, before they pass from this world.

Who’s Representing You? We can!

Totally Tae Kwon Do - 13

14 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Excerpt From The Book:

Black Belt Success Plan

By Master Ray Gayle

Chapter 2

Beginning Your Success Plan Journey greatness?

If you feel that you have so much more to offer to others in life, but not the courage to do so, then my experiences should also strike a chord.

Who Will Benefit Most From Black Belt Success Plan?

Black Belt Success Plan is a book that can literally help everyone. However, some people are the best candidates to benefit the most. These people include: • Those who want to start and run their own business • Those who would like better financial rewards for their efforts • Anyone who would like to have better relationships • Those who believe that someone has to be born into a rich family to have any chance of living in their dream home • Anyone who believes that their religion, skin color, gender and present situation will not let them be the person they want to be.

If you are parents of young children, why not equip your children with the seeds of

You do not have to relate to me in all my experiences; relate to the lessons I offer and relate to my success group members in their lives.

Just try to do so. As you continue on through Black Belt Success Plan, you should be able to see that the journey of a person trying to become a black belt in a martial art is really no different than someone whose purpose is to be financially secure or wants a dream house.

Application is Very Important!

Take my experiences on my journey as a martial artist and see how they relate to your own life. Even if you never had any martial art experience, the lessons I have learned can be applied to your own life.

If you have attained outstanding achievement in other parts of your life, examine and analyze why you were successful at that time. I’m sure that you will begin to see that the mindset you had at that time is the same one you will need in other areas of your life to achieve future rewards.

Totally Tae Kwon Do - 15

It took me a long time to realize that the mindset I had developed in gaining a black belt in my chosen martial art was transferable to all the other areas of my life. When the ‘Eureka’ moment happened, it was just like being struck by a lightning bolt.

who has achieved extraordinary things will tell you that there were times when it just got too tough and they felt as though they could not carry on. They will also say that having a powerful dream and determination kept them focused and on track.

I mentioned before I am a keen musician.

The instrument that I love and play daily is the harmonica. I have applied the same techniques for achievement in my business life as I have to becoming proficient at playing the harmonica.

The last part of your training is to put it all together. Like anything in life, an end usually signifies a new beginning. Once someone has achieved a black belt in any martial art, this signifies that they have learned the basics and the time for real learning should begin. They should continue working on the basic techniques for the rest of their lives until a higher degree of perfection and knowledge is reached.

There was no difference in my approach to starting and running my own business, to that of competing and winning numerous martial arts tournaments. It may seem strange to compare those things, but those are areas in which I have applied the same techniques outlined in this book.

The Stages You Will Go Through The first lesson in black belt success starts like any other. You need to make the decision to start and then once the decision is made, you enter the training area. We then begin our step-by-step training program. The next part of your training is all about developing your reason why. This is crucial because when things get tough, your reason why is the thing that will get you back out for the next round.

Success education is no different. Once you have learned the techniques, it then takes a lifetime of practice to perfect them.

You may be ready even after just a short time. You may have to take a little longer.

I will explain in the next chapter why the training process is different for all students who achieved a black belt. Unfortunately, the success training field is not always a level one, but with a clear understanding of what is required, the playing field can begin to level out remarkably quickly.

Here’s another way of thinking about it.

Your success is about building a burning desire in the area that you would most like to be successful. A strong burning desire is the basis on which everything is built.

Without a strong desire, one that is unique to you, nothing will happen. It should be the reason why you get out of bed and the reason why you are putting yourself through your training.

The next stage is where you need to put self-belief into every area of your life. The combination of a strong burning desire and self-belief will make the highs and lows of your training easier to manage. Anyone 16 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Early Life Lessons – Were You Loved?

We are all unique and different individuals.

During life, we get exposed to different

types of people and different experiences.

Yet, we don’t notice the effect those people and all our experiences have had on us.

Everything you have done from birth on has shaped who you are today and why you are where you are right now. If you have been fortunate, or had unusually enlightened people around you at a young age, you may have been taught about staying positive and how to turn failure into success.

arts, each belt brings even more self-belief.

Once the person has built enough selfbelief in his or her own ability, then the belief that they have what it takes to make it all the way to black belt and beyond is created.

Teaching children at a young age that failure is a part of success is such a valuable lesson.

You may have constantly been told that you were loved and a very likeable person who was worthy to receive love. Almost certainly, you would have felt truly confident in the belief that those around you loved you very much. You probably knew that life was there for you to enjoy.

If this was your experience, then you may find that the journey to success is not a long and painful one; your self-esteem may already be in exceptionally healthy condition. It may be that you simply have to learn the techniques of how to put them into action and how to enjoy the results of your efforts.

If that was not your experience, then the journey may be a difficult one with lots of self-doubt to overcome. You may need to spend some time building your own selfesteem to better prepare to accept some of the teachings in this book.

Success, like martial arts, is about building the qualities of the person first. If the person is built up first, then almost certainly there is a better chance for success.

Through regular physical exercise, every martial art student becomes physically stronger. This physical strength will build more confidence, and help to build a stronger self-belief in ability. Because of the much-honored belt system in martial

Playing the Blues Harp Simulates Steps of Achievement One of my favorite pastimes is playing the blues harp. The blues harp is a very personal instrument for several reasons.

The fact that you put the instrument in the mouth makes it seem as if it is a part of you and it is; it has to be. The sound of the instrument reflects the shapes and resonance that is created by the player’s mouth and even his whole body. If it’s played in a certain way, the harp can mimic the human voice, which gives it a truly familiar nature.

There are many similarities in learning to play the blues harp or any other instrument, to that of achievement. I have called this book the Black Belt Success Plan because martial arts is an area in which I have achieved success in my life. If you have already made achievements in other areas of your life, use your experience and the lessons you’ve learned to propel you forward to future achievement.

Every type of accomplishment requires some or all of the following: Totally Tae Kwon Do - 17

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

The decision to start A burning desire to succeed A strong positive mental attitude A step-by-step formula for success A reason for success (strongly defined objective or goal) Positive input from people who have already succeeded Great teachers and role models Daily application of skills and techniques Eagerness to learn A ‘Never Quit’ philosophy Concentration and focus Single-mindedness of purpose The ability to enjoy the journey Able to overcome setbacks A passion to serve others Good life balance Know your strengths and develop your weaknesses

The list above is not a comprehensive list by any means. As you read through this book you will begin to identify more attributes, skills and techniques that are needed for you to move towards your goal.

At the back of this book, there is a Notes section for you to write down other things that are revealed to you as you progress.

You will have ‘Eureka moments’ when you are least expecting them. When those moments arise, write them down immediately for future use. It’s fun to later review these Eureka moments! Trust me on this one!

Carry your notes with you whenever possible and review them regularly. The nicest thing about the list of attributes and skills that I have mentioned is they can be all learned and developed to such an extent that success in anything becomes inevitable. You have no choice but to succeed as long as you consistently apply yourself in those areas.

My Martial Arts Education Begins 18 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

My training in martial arts started in the late 1970’s. I didn’t realize it until many years later, but I was different than the other students. As the years came and went and new students came into the class and left the class, I realized that not everyone that started training was going to make it to the coveted black belt. I knew that I was going to make it because I had made a commitment to see it through no matter what it was going to take.

There was something else that was different than just making that simple decision. Many years later, I learned that what had made me different was a burning desire to succeed. The reason that I had this burning desire was because like many other young men of that time, I wanted to be able to do some of the things I had seen the great late Bruce Lee do on film. I was also a keen sportsman and wanted to know just what I could accomplish if I pushed my body to the limit. The desire was so strong in me that I dreamed about it every day. This burning desire within me gave me so much strength to keep going, especially when things got real tough.

Identifying with Those Who are Successful I saw other black belts that I admired and respected, and knew I wanted to be just like them. Yes, one day I would be like them; all I had to do was keep training and work hard. My friends and family would comment on the relentless training regime that I was putting myself through and how focused and single-minded I was.

Keeping Your Mind on Your Goal I didn’t have time for girls or parties in those days because the reward of gaining my black belt was the only thing on my mind. I feel extremely grateful that I chose martial arts to pursue as my life-long goal.

There are so many benefits gained from training in martial arts; outlining all the benefits could fill another book.

If You Don’t Believe in Yourself, Who Do You Believe In? Perhaps the biggest single benefit of training within a martial arts system is the self-belief that you get from it. Believing in yourself is so vital for all of us, without some level of self-belief, living a life of accomplishment and high achievement would be almost impossible. A martial art is a unique program of life-long self-discovery.

For more information on 'Black Belt Success Plan' including where to purchase a copy, please contact Master Gayle at; chairman@puma-uk.com

Totally Tae Kwon Do - 19

20 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

The Original Forms of Taekwondo

By Oerjan Nilsen

Part 1

Since I first started with Taekwondo 12 Do but other than short standard intro texts years ago I have wondered how there was little if any background of the Taekwondo was taught "in the old days". I forms. Tang Soo Do and Soo Bahk Do read and listened to the mesmerising come from Moo Duk Kwan* but I also stories of my teachers about gruelling wondered how and what forms the other sparring, tough training and how they had Kwan used before the Kukkiwon was made and all of the to fight through Kwan was unified pain. One of my u n d e r teachers started Taekwondo. in one of the Ji Fortunately Do Kwan Dojang Simon O`Neil near Muju in (author of South Korea in Taegeuk Cipher) the early 60s. one day sent me One day when a link to a w e w e r e translation of "A s p e a k i n g Modern History together I asked of Taekwondo" him what kind of

by Kang and Lee. patterns they This wonderful studied during Author performing Taegeuk Pal Jang with his team in 2006 TKD book contains a that time. I knew Hanmadang in Muju South Korea great part on the that our patterns (Taegeuk and Kukkiwon Black belt Dan tests of old. Hong Jong Pyo kept the patterns) were made during the late 60s- paperwork after the first promotion test that 70s and was therefore curious of what kind the Kwans did together in 1962 and Kang of patterns he was taught in the days of Ji and Lee used his paperwork and testimony Do Kwan. We did not have that much time to show their readers how the test was together at the time but he said that he conducted. learned Kong So Do patterns. My face must have looked like a question mark Then as now the test consisted of Forms, because he soon explained that Kong So Sparring and written tests. The sparring Do was the Korean pronunciation of Karate was done with Hogu (chest protector) and Do. He gave me some exotic names like it was one round of three minutes. The "Pyongahn Hyung", "Kongsokun Hyung", written tests contents was unfortunately not It would be "Chulgi Hyung" etc. They did not really tell d o c u m e n t e d . me anything but I went home and I extremely interesting to know what the remember that I tried to find out what they Kwan founders found so important that it made it into the written test, but I were like. digress. One of the things I found most I found some of them on youtube, and on interesting was the list they provided on internet sites of Tang Soo Do or Soo Bahk what forms the students had to do for the Totally Tae Kwon Do - 21

different ranks. As this was a unified belt promotion test the list they provide is representative of all the Kwan and not just one Kwan in particular. I have tried to investigate and see if there is any surviving forms behind these names as the list itself reveals little on how the forms looked like and its background. Anyway here is the list of forms that the students had to perform for 1st Dan in 1962: • • • • • •

Pyongahn 1-5 Hyung Naebojin 1 Hyung Chulgi 1 Hyung Kima 1 Dan hyung Ja Won Hyung Hwarang Hyung

matter that is frequently discussed by different Karate researchers. Most agree that the Pinan Kata draws many of the techniques from older Kata. Some say that they are made from one long Chinese form called "Channan", and that Itosu made 5 simpler forms based on Channan so it would be easier to learn the forms to new students. The Channan form is now lost in the sands of time. Others say that Itosu made the form based on the older Okinawan forms like Kushanku and Bassai (and others). Many sequences in the Pinan Kata can be found in the different older Kata so there is many things that point to this theory as being the most valid one.

The Pinan Kata are practised in almost all Pyongahn 1-5 are styles of Karate, and known as the Pinan they were practised in Kata in the Okinawan most if not all the Kwan styles of Karate, and before the newer Heian Kata in Shotokan Korean forms were (Gichin Funakoshi made. Pinan and Heian renamed the series of 5 is frequently translated Kata to Heian). They as "Peace of mind" in were created sometime Karate text while in the early 1900s by another valid Anko Itosu.

Many translation is "safe from people and sources say harm". The Pyongahn they were created forms are documented based on the older Kata in Choi Hong Hi`s first practised at the time to book on Taekwondo: simplify Karate for "Taekwondo the learning to school Korean art of Self children. In newer times defense" from 1965. In people like Iain the book they are Abernethy and others called Hei-An and it is have researched the Gichin Funakoshi (Founder of Shotokan) written that Hei-An Pinan Kata and found performing the opening for one of the Pyong means "safety and Ahn/Pinan/Heian Hyung/Kata. Note that the them to cont ain peacefulness.

This technique also apears in all the forms sets of effective combative Kukki Taekwondo as well as Chang Hon Hyung. name is obtained from methods. Our present the fact that anyone day Kukkiwon Taegeuk Poomsae draws who has mastered this type (form) is able many of its techniques from this series of to protect himself or herself easily in any Kata. The origin of Pinan Kata is somewhat unforeseen situation" . Gichin Funakoshi obscure. writes about the same statement in his "Karate Do Kyohan". The forms are also Most sources agree that they were created documented in even greater detail in the

by Anko Itosu in the early 1900s, but why book "Korean Karate; The art of Tae Kwon he invented them and from what is a 22 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Do" by Duk Sung Son and Robert J. Clark from 1968. In the book the forms are called "Pyong Ahn".

Interesting trivia: Gichin Funakoshi (founder of Shotokan and teacher of several Kwan founders) changed the order the forms were originally taught. His Heian 1 is for other styles Pinan 2. Other styles Pinan 1 is Shotokan`s Heian 2. Those Kwan that have left detailed documentation of their forms (Oh Do Kwan, Chung Do Kwan and others) seems to have favoured Funakoshi`s teaching order.

"Naebojin", "Chulgi" and "Kima" hyung are

instance) they are in essence the same form and easily recognised as such.

"Naebojin", "Kima" and "Chulgi" might be the Korean pronounciation of the Japanese/Okinawan terms "Tekki", "Naihanchi" and "Naifanchi" but this is speculation on my part.

This Hyung is thought to be of Chinese origin and many credit Matsumura Sokon as the man who imported the form from China to Okinawa. Others even say that Matsumura Sokon created the form himself. Matsumura Sokon was one of the teachers of Anko Itosu. Before the Pinan/ Heian Kata was created the Naihanchi/Tekki Kata was the first and sometimes the only Kata learned. It is said that Shurite is based on this form. A well known Karate pioneer that was famous for his fighting skill named Choki Motobu said that all you ever needed to know about fight ing is contained in this form.

Shotokan`s founder Gichin Funakoshi studied this form exclusivly for the first three years of his Karate study.

all different names for the same hyung namely "Tekki Kata" from Shotokan or Naihanchi/ Naifanchi Kata from Okinawan styles. Before reading "A Modern History of Taekwondo" I had never heard about Naebojin or Kima hyung and so I had to do a little digging before finding out and verifying if it was indeed the same hyung. While I write that the three names point to the same form there is The Naebojin/Chulgi/ reason to believe that Kima forms seems to maybe they point to Funakoshi performing Tekki Shodan or Chulgi been just as Note that the technique also appears have three different versions of il Hyung. in many Korean made forms. In Kukki popular within the the same form. For Taekwondo the technique apears in Korean Kwan as the Pyongwon Poomsae. instance if someone Pyongahn/Pinan forms would tell me that they were. They are documented in both Choi wanted to show me "Tekki Shodan (1) Hong Hi`s first book on Taekwondo: Kata" I would expect the Shotokan version "Taekwondo the Korean art of Self of the form. If someone would tell me that defense" from 1965 and in "Korean Karate; they wanted to perform the "Naihanchin The art of Tae Kwon Do" by Duk Sung Son Shodan (1) Kata" I would expect one of the and Robert J. Clark from 1968. In the first Okinawan versions of the same form. book the form is called "Tet-Ki". The author While there are some differences between writes that it means "Iron Horse". In the them on the surface (longer and deeper latter book it is called "Chul Gi". stances in the Shotokan version for Totally Tae Kwon Do - 23

Ja Won Hyung: Most forms on the list were somewhat easy to find out but Ja Won Hyung has eluded me so far. If anyone reading this has any clue to any information on this form please leave a comment on the Totally TKD Magazine forum or better yet write an article on the form. My best guess is that it is a form of Chinese origin and a part of the syllabus to the Kwan`s with a direct Chinese Kwon bup lineage. I checked Kim Soo`s Chayon Ryu list of forms as he has retained many of the forms that were once part of Taekwondo but in modern times has dissapeared from practise including many Chinese ones but I could not find any information on it there either.

Hwarang

Hyung;

Hong Hi writes this about Hwarang Hyung in his 1965 book: "Hwa-Rang is named after the Hwa-Rang youth group which originated in the Silla Dynasty about 1350 years ago. This group eventually became the actual driving force for the unification of the three kingdoms of Korea."

For 2nd Dan they choose 2 forms from the following list: • • • • •

Balhan Hyung Dae Chulgi 2 Hyung Naebojin 2 Hyung Kima 2 Dan Hyung Choong Moo Hyung

Balhan Hyung Dae: I could not really

find any direct evidence The last form on the list st or documentation on this for 1 Dan students is a form other than the fact well known form for any it appears on the list of modern day red belt the forms performed for practising ITF derived 2nd Dan. Therefore I Taekwondo. It was have no proof of this so I created in the 1950s as will be the first to say one of the first four that this is me patterns for the Oh Do "guessing". In the Kwan Kwan. Choi Hong Hi has f o u n d e r s been given the credit for lineage (Shotokan/ creating all the 24 (25 Shudokan/Shito Ryu counting Kodang/Juche) Karate) there are a few Chang Hon Hyung but forms with a suffix "Dai" for the most part he and "Sho" meaning gave loose instructions greater or lesser. These to the Oh Do Kwan are "Gojushiho", pioners and they came "Kushanku" and up with a pattern and "Bassai" Kata.

Dai in Choi Hong Hi would Korean is pronounced approve of the form or "Dae", so there is a make some changes to Colin Avis performing an upward punch with great chance that it**. In Hwarang Hyung`s a grab.*** This move might only appear in "Balhan" is one of the case the pioneer doing Hwarang Tul in Chang Hon derived Taekwon the most of the work to -Do but the same technique also appears in aforementioned forms Pyong Ahn forms, as well as Taegeuk Pal from Karate. develop it was Nam Tae jang and Taebaek Poomsae.

Hi; a master from Chung Do Kwan and a student of that Kwans My guess is that it is another name for founder; Lee Won Kuk. At that time Bassai/Patsai Kata. In Korean this form is Hwarang was designated a 1st Dan also known under Patsai, Bassai, Balsaek, pattern, but in most Dojang under ITF Palsaek etc. If I am correct and this is today it is taught at red belt level. Choi indeed Bassai Dai then the man often 24 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

credited with its creation is Matsumura Sokon (also known as Bushi Matsumura).

Bassai is often translated as to "penetrate the fortress", "extract from the fortress" or even "to remove obstacles". I would like to point out that there are many different versions of this form. Most resemble each other but they do have their differences.

While most sources gives the credit of the forms creation to Matsumura others point to China as the origin of this form.

Needless to say its origin are quite obscure, Matsumura did include it in his teachings, and most Kwan included a version of Bassai Kata that came from the Matsumura lineage.

The form is documented as "Bat-Sai" in Choi Hong Hi`s book from 65 and he writes: "Bat-Sai: means to break through the fortress. By alertness and skilful release of hand, in case of being grabbed, one can put the opponent in an untenable position." In Duk Sung Son & Robert J. Clark`s book from 68 the pattern is documented in detail under the name "Pal Sek".

name "Tet-Ki 2" in the 1965 book of Choi Hong Hi and under "Chulgi 2" in "Black Belt Korean Karate" by Duk Sung Son & Robert J. Clark from 1983. The second "Tekki/ Naihanchi/Naifanchi" form is not as popular as the first in the series in the different Karate styles. While the first one is practised by most styles the second one is omitted in several Okinawan styles as well as Wado Ryu Karate. The founder of Wado Ryu went as far as saying that the second (and third) in the series were "almost useless". He loved the first one in the series though. The Korean founders of Taekwondo thought differently however as most of the Kwan included all three in their teachings.

Choong Moo hyung

is another Oh Do Kwan creation, and is still practised in ITF Dojangs today. It is usually learned prior to black belt (at red belt with black stripe level) in most Dojangs. Choong Moo Hyung was like H w a r a n g hyung developed by Nam Tae Hi in the 1950s. Choi Hong Hi writes this about Choong Moo Hyung in his 1965 book: "Ch`ung-Mu: was Chulgi/Naebojin/ the given name of Admiral Yi Su-Sin of the Kima 2 hyung is the Yi Dynasty. He was same as Naihanchi/ reputed to have invented Naifanchi/Tekki 2 Kata the first armoured battle in Karate. It was created Vikram Gautam performing a knife hand by Anko I t o s u block*** and attack only seen in Chung Moo. ship (kobukson) which somewhere in the early A very simular technique is also found in was the precursor of the 1900s to complement the several Karate Kata as well as Taegeuk Sa present day submarine in Jang, and Taebaek Poomsae of Kukki 1592 AD. The reason first in the series. It Taekwondo. this pattern ends with a follows the same left hand attack is to symbolise his performance line as the first form in the regrettable death, having no chance to series but it includes a few more elaborate hand movements than the first in the show his unrestrained potentiality checked series, although a few movements are by the forced reservation of his loyalty to repeated in both the first form and the the King." second form. It is documented under the Totally Tae Kwon Do - 25

It should be noted that the Oh Do Kwan creations were named after special persons, events and sites in Korean history. Choi Hong Hi wanted to take the Karate he learned and make it into something uniquely Korean. While a few other patterns were made that were Korean creations the Oh Do Kwan is as far as I know the earliest attempts to make something "new" out of the older patterns that is still widely practised around the world. The other Kwan continued to use their imported Kwon Bup (Chinese martial arts) forms as well as their Karate forms well into the 60s. In 1965 what was to become the KTA (Korean Taekwondo Association) developed Palgwe forms and the Black belt forms for the unification of all the Kwan in Korea. As they did not want to favour any of the Kwan`s forms and variation on forms they opted to gather representatives from all the Kwan`s (including Oh Do Kwan) to make new forms.

New political intrigues resulted in the Palgwe being phased out in 1972 to favour the even newer Taegeuk forms. Some schools outside of Korea (and a very little silent minority in Korea) are still using the older forms however. In the next part of this article I will continue with the list of forms being practised in 1962.

A huge thanks to Stuart Anslow for providing pictures from his book The Encyclopedia Of Taekwon-Do Patterns: Vol 1 (which contain a history of all the Ch’ang Hon patterns). Be sure to check out his Chang Hon Hae Sul book series as well. Volume 1 is out now and volume to is coming in the relatively near future. * The internet sites and the makers of the video on youtube at the time came from Moo Duk Kwan, allthough "Tang Soo Do" was a generic term first used by Chung Do Kwan but many later Kwan used the same term for their arts. Soo Bahk Do on the other hand was a term Hwang Kee came up with after studying Muye Dobo Tongji (a martial arts manual from 1790) and so Soo Bahk Do comes exclusively from Moo Duk Kwan.

26 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

**Alex Gillis "The art of Killing". *** Pictures from “The Encyclopedia Of TaekwonDo Patterns: Vol 1” by Stuart Anslow

Sources and further reading: • "A Modern History of Taekwondo" by Kang and Lee "A Killing Art" by Alex Gillis “The Encyclopedia Of Taekwon-Do Patterns: Vol 1,2 & 3” by Stuart Anslow • “Ch’ang Hon Taekwon-do Hae Sul” by Stuart Anslow • "Karate Do Kyohan" by Gichin Funakoshi • "Taekwondo" by Choi Hong Hi (2007 reprint of 65 edition) • “The Taegeuk Cipher” by Simon O’Neil • "Korean Karate; The art of Taekwondo" by Son & Clark • "Black Belt Korean Karate" by Son & Clark • Article series by Eric Madis.

• "Traditional Taekwondo" by Doug Cook

• •

Some photos are taken from "Karate Do Kyohan" 1935 edition by Gichin Funakoshi.

They are included here under fair usage policy and are not to be taken as breach of copyright.

The author could not reach the original publishing company and the author of the original work is deceased. If however some party should feel offended please take contact with the editor of Totally Taekwondo Magazine and we will have the photographs in question removed.

About the author: Oerjan Nilsen has trained and studied Taekwondo since early 2000.

His Taekwondo studies has brought him many places but the most m e m o r a b l e T a e k w o n d o experience was studying Taekwondo in Korea for one year at Chosun University.

He teaches and practises at Bergen Vest Taekwondo Dojang. Visit his blog at http://jungdokwan-taekwondo.blogspot.com/ to read more of his articles and thoughts on Taekwondo.

An interview with

Andy Davies on Today’s Taekwondo

By Mark Iles

With wider distinctions, and some might even say a ‘separation’ developing between traditional Taekwondo and Sport Taekwondo enthusiasts, a growing number of traditional groups and organisations are reverting to older Kwan names such as ‘Chung Do Kwan’ or ‘Ji Do Kwan’ - as a means to identify and retain Martial Arts values. With wider distinctions, and some might even say a ‘separation’ developing between traditional Taekwondo and Sport Taekwondo enthusiasts, a growing number of traditional groups and organisations are reverting to older Kwan names such as ‘Chung Do Kwan’ or ‘Ji Do Kwan’ - as a means to identify and retain Martial Arts values.

The largest of the Kwans is ‘Chung Do Kwan’, which is the name adopted by the first ever Korean School (Kwan) established in 1944 by Grandmaster Lee, Won Kuk. This would eventually combine with other Kwan’s to become Taekwondo as we know it today.

Literally translated ‘Chung Do Kwan’ means ‘Blue Wave School’ The founder of the ITF style; General Choi, Hong Hi was also a former member of the

Chung Do Kwan, before he left to establish the ‘Oh Do Kwan’.

Today there are many branches and off-shoots of Chung Do Kwan, some retaining the older patterns and even ITF forms, but most are now following the system and standards as laid down by the ‘Kukkiwon’ World Taekwondo Headquarters in South Korea.

Even though the ‘Kwans’ no longer hold any Totally Tae Kwon Do - 27

Master Akoto - UK Chung Do Kwan

official recognition or status in Korea, the increase in both the interest and desire to associate with a Kwan identity is growing throughout the world, including here in Great Britain. One such group that’s expanding rapidly in this country is ‘UK Chung Do Kwan’ which is headed by one of the UK’s most senior Taekwondo Masters’: Andy Davies, 8th Dan. Andy, you’re very well known in the higher circles of Taekwondo. Could you tell us how you first got involved in martial arts?

I initially came across Judo in 1968, when I attended a local youth club which was using some old first world war Aircraft covers as mats. It was pretty prehistoric in comparison to today’s standards, but that was how it was back then. It wasn’t something I pursued with any real interest until the early 1970’s, during the big Kung-Fu boom, when I began learning Pak Mei Kung Fu under Sifu George Taylor which was an experience in itself. George was 28 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

one of the most capable Martial Artists I have known, anyone who trained under him will know what I mean by that. World renowned Kickboxing Referee John Blackledge was also one of George’s students and could no doubt tell a few stories as well.

Most people these days simply wouldn’t put up with the type of training we went through. It wasn’t so much about having fun or getting fit, but about enduring very tough training.

Looking back I can see how Martial Arts then really built people’s characters, through coping with the adversity of the regime. This doesn’t happen the same way now, so when people tell me Martial Arts has progressed in terms of modern training concepts and techniques, I personally feel that it’s done so at the expense of one of the core principles. Anyway, once I began training seriously I became hooked and took up Judo again. I also started training in Shototkan, Wadoryu and Kyshindo Karate; then shortly afterwards Taekwondo.

Why did you stick with Taekwondo, rather than delving more deeply into other traditional arts?

Taekwondo seemed to fit me, or perhaps I seemed to fit Taekwondo. I’ve always preferred kicking and just enjoy everything about it. I don’t train for specific reasons, such as selfdefence and fitness or the usual rationales which people often give. I just enjoy being able to kick and learning the mechanics of techniques. I suppose it’s what defines me as a person. So when someone asks me why I practice Taekwondo, the most honest answer I can give is ‘it’s what I am’.

of the day we’re all members and instructors, committed to sharing the same goals.

The BCKMA is an independent group of likeminded clubs and associations that practice a variety of Korean Martial Arts, who network with and support each other. Some practice Kukkiwon style Taekwondo, others ChanHong, Tang Soo Do, Hapkido and even Freestyle. UK Chung Do Kwan is something that was originally a name I adopted for my own clubs, to signify a traditional core, because I felt that the sports ideology was being pushed as the primary feature of Taekwondo. I fear that certain aspects of Taekwondo are being diverted down a singularly sporting route, and that isn’t the road I want to travel along. Sport has a shelflife, whereas a lifestyle does not - enough said.

After a while other clubs and instructors decided they liked what I was doing and asked if they could they be part of it, and so we grew from there.

You’ve been labelled a politician by many, why is that?

I’m no politician and have seen how politics corrupts Martial Arts.

There are those who want me to get involved in all the politics, because they have told me that I have something to offer. I’d describe politics as ‘egos’, ‘cliques’, ‘personalities’ and ‘agendas’ - and in Our members appreciate saying that I think I’m the fact that we don’t being generous in my Training With Grandmaster Park tell them what to do at description. I once heard politics described as ‘being all about who every twist and turn, as part of a rigid gets what’ and I think that sums it up in a framework - like some other organisations might do. I like to think we’re a group more nutshell. about being friends than colleagues. Formality You’re President of Both the British Council and inflexibility are restrictive, so we tend to be of Korean Martial Arts (BCKMA) and UK quite informal and extremely flexible. We have Chung Do Kwan. What’s the difference full member groups and associate member groups, because they each want something between the two?

Yes ‘President’ (laughs), a posh name for a different from us and that’s fine. member. Because of constitutional requirements someone has to have a posh name In the past I’ve spoken with the heads of like ‘President, General Secretary, Chairman various National Governing Body organisations and all that to describe our role. But at the end and they admitted that we don’t fit into the normal structure, and can see how difficult it Totally Tae Kwon Do - 29

would be for us to fit in. It’s kind of hard to explain really, but we don’t do dictatorships, demands, or top down control.

Does this mean that some organisations grading structure or requirements are now sports based?

There have already been suggestions to create a competition based grading syllabus; which will only fuel the debate as to whether or not the sport and traditional aspects should become entirely separate entities, as opposed to being part of the same thing.

My own personal view is that it will be inevitable at some point in time.

Look at Australia for example, where ‘Sport Taekwondo Australia’ b e c a me t he WT F sanctioned governing body, ousting ‘Taekwondo Australia’ which catered for both traditional and sport Taekwondo and this created huge controversy. What many people don’t understand is that the WTF is a ‘sporting’ organisation.

It’s own website points out that the World Taekwondo Federation is the International Federation governing the sport of Taekwondo.

image, is a Taekwondo primarily for children and elite performers, as opposed to traditional Taekwondo being for all ages and abilities.

When I go to visit Taekwondo clubs these days most will do some degree of paddle drills, with quite a few doing only that.

Paddle drills are principally a sport kicking exercise which, even though they can be fun, is about fast sparring movement, quick stance changes and adapting to the target position. I would sooner produce 100 people of varying ages and abilities, who are trying to improve themselves through traditional values, than a fantastic champion who just wants to beat everyone else.

So do you practice just traditional, or do you include sport Taekwondo?

UK Chung Do Kwan is a fully inclusive organisation, which retains tradition at its core. We do have our Sport section, with squad sessions and a national team setup, and several of our members have competed at international level - but this isn’t where our main emphasis lies. The vast majority of UKCDKT Full Contact our members are Taekwondo practitioners, Practitioners are now frequently referred to as not Taekwondo athletes, and we also have our ‘players’, and so the morphing of Taekwondo own freestyle Taekwondo and Kickboxing from being a Martial Art into a global sport has sections. been going on for some considerable time, and it’s only recently that more people have How does that work?

Well, even though we are a traditional become conscious of this. organisation we don’t see any issues in having In your view has Taekwondo aged well, variety within our structure. As an example, as given the development of the art into a sport well as providing what people sometimes incorrectly refer to as ‘WTF’ Taekwondo but rather than a martial art?

Personally I believe sport Taekwondo, while it which we call ‘Kukki Taekwondo’, many of has undoubtedly given Taekwondo a global our clubs have their own freestyle or 30 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Kickboxing section, where they can be more expressive with things such as weapons and ground work, etc.

enter our events moan that we aren’t sticking strictly to the WTF rules or whatever, but as I try to explain to them, we aren’t a WTF Taekwondo. WTF is a sports organisation, not a style; so if you want to be part of WTF Taekwondo then join the BTCB, which is the only official governing body for WTF Taekwondo in the UK.

Our competitions include semi-contact sparring, Poomsae as well as weapons forms alongside full-contact Taekwondo. In my own club I teach semi-contact sparring as the norm and full-contact sparring as a more specialised discipline, which I find works very well. In addition our competitions are more about matching people up as appropriately as possible, and not just in strictly defined weight categories. If we know there are people who lack experience, or who would clearly be out of their depth, then we UKCDKT Semi-Contact (above) will create an extra and Kick Boxing (Below) category especially for them. It’s about being inclusive.

We also have strong links with ITF style Taekwondo groups and practitioners, most predominantly through the British Council for Korean Martial Arts, of which we are an affiliated member. This does tend to upset some purists from both the WTF and ITF camps.

As a point of safety we forbid head kicks in full contact Taekwondo, for those under the age of eighteen years. We recognise that we have a responsibility to our members and there have been some nasty accidents and fatalities in the world of Taekwondo, due to the use of head kicks. Some outside groups who occasionally

Do you have any formal links to the Kukkiwon?

Absolutely.

UK Chung Do Kwan is registered under the Kukkiwon’s KOMS programme so we have access to, and recognition from, the Kukkiwon. For those who want to apply for K u k k i w o n certification we can provide that service.

Are you certified by the Kukkiwon?

Yes, I hold a 7th Dan certificate from the Kukkiwon. Like many people, there was a time when I didn’t bother keeping up with Kukkiwon certification because of all the politics and so I missed a few years in between.

For my current grade I tested independently for my 8th Dan under Grandmaster Kim, Bok Man; one of the original pioneers of Taekwondo and who - it is claimed - is the true technical founder of Taekwondo. But a few years ago, out of the blue, I got invited to take a Kukkiwon certified Dan grading, which if I passed would enable me to apply for 7th Dan Kukkiwon certification. I only had a few days to get ready and Grandmaster Sung Jae Park, Totally Tae Kwon Do - 31

who is a 9th Dan Kukkiwon and 9th Dan Chung Do Kwan, was the examiner. Fortunately I passed.

I understand that you now have now established very strong links with Grandmaster Sung Jae Park?

Yes, it’s true. Grandmaster Park is an old style traditionalist and is very philosophical, and I’m attracted to that. He is very open and accommodating, but expects and maintains proper etiquette at all times. These days’ people don’t go much on Martial Arts philosophy, but I find his teachings are very enlightening and informative. While a devout Christian he manages to embrace oriental philosophy without compromising his faith.

His heritage is Chung Do Kwan but he was also a Master with the ITF, before the WTF was formed. Even to this day he teaches both ITF and WTF Patterns.

Grand Master Park was over in November last year. Is he coming over again soon, and if anyone would like to attend who should they contact?

It is always a great honour and privilege to train with Grandmaster Park.

When he came over to the UK last year hundreds of people turned up for his seminars.

The feedback was amazing, with people wanting to know when he was returning.

We’re hoping he’ll come back to the UK later this year, but are still trying to organise it at the moment. If anyone wants the details all the information will be on the UK Chung Do Kwan website:

On a personal level Grandmaster Park has helped me a great deal, and also supported UK Chung Do Kwan. That is http://ukchungdokwan.org testament to the type of person that he is.

What further He’s the epitome of a developments do you t r a d i t i o n a l see, or would like to Grandmaster, who Andy receiving A Championship Award From see, in Taekwondo? commands respect not Grandmaster Kim, Bok Man Undoubtedly the just because of his seniority in rank or the fact that he is Korean, emergence of the professional instructor has but because of how he gives and nurtures been a major development, and obviously I’m one of them. To the purely ‘amateur instructor’ respect in the first place. the professional is often viewed as someone The way I see it is that Grandmaster Park who has exploited Taekwondo for financial hasn’t sold out to trends or sport; he’s gain, while to the Professional instructor the uncompromising in his belief of Taekwondo as amateur is often regarded as someone who is a way of life. I firmly believe that we need old simply a ‘hobbyist’. school Grandmasters like him, to retain a system of tradition and values that may be lost I’ve been on both sides of the fence, and can therefore see how one might judge the other. in the not too distant future.

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Personally I think that exploitation occurs when someone teaches solely for money, with total disregard for their art. The other side of the coin is that sometimes the amateur instructor may be motivated by ulterior motives, such as ego, so which represents the greater evil?

Let me pose this question: ‘Would you, or do you, permit music in your sessions?’ Many instructors do and enjoy great success but I resolutely refuse to do so, because it has no place in my training regime. But does that make me right?

something or discarding it, and to what end that might be.

What are your views on the future of Taekwondo in this country?

That’s a tricky one because no-one can be sure about what the future holds but I think that there are potential problems ahead not least because of how sport is structured and politicised in this country.

Most senior Masters and instructors are familiar with various political issues and that is why there has The point I’m trying been an emergence to make is, just of so many different because we may groups, both part judge one another and independently against our own of, the NGB benchmarks and framework. I feel principles it doesn’t that the days of mean that they everyone being necessarily apply to ‘ordered’ to do those we seek to something or judge. Times, people support a certain and demographics person or group are change, as do many Andy Receiving an Award from Grandmaster Park long gone and things, so one person’s road doesn’t have to be someone instructors are now much more conscious how things might affect them. else’s.

These are very trying times for us all as martial artists – given the current economy.

Many schools are really struggling or have ceased trading altogether. What advice would you offer to instructors to help with their businesses?

I definitely know about clubs struggling, and have seen many close their doors. Even my own classes have seen a marked reduction in membership. I often hear people say that you need to adapt in order to survive, but I don’t subscribe to that.

Something that is constant can be a source of strength, while something that is keen to adapt may become totally removed from what it originally developed as. Instructors need to think about whether they are retaining

I suppose it’s a case of developing greater awareness and becoming more self-centred in a way but I don’t necessarily see that as a bad thing. Certainly the emergence of the modern professional instructor means that they can’t afford to pay exorbitant and even unnecessary fees to organisations or governing bodies. As well as creating a wage for themselves professional instructors need to invest in the growth of their schools or academies as well as providing a good service to their students.

Because large organisations often seek to generate substantive levels of revenue the income is predominantly sourced internally from the clubs who are members of that organisation which might mean attending compulsory courses or events, paying certain amounts of money which quite often only Totally Tae Kwon Do - 33

benefit the officials and squad members. Gradings are usually another way of generating lots of money, sometimes requiring a precourse, a pre-test or linked to some qualification or certification which means paying out even more money.

In your opinion what should the new student, or someone looking at the martial arts as a whole, look out for when choosing a class?

My advice would be to bear in mind what it is that you want from the class; whether the club is sport based, traditional, aimed at children or adults, or even family oriented. There are lots of things to consider. When a person comes to my Academy I tell them straight that I would love them to join, if I feel they would fit in, but not to listen to me as to why it might benefit them. I point them in the

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direction of other students, and parents, and say that they should talk to them first before making any decision.

Every member can see good and bad in a club, while the instructor can only usually see the good. I would prefer that prospective students were equipped with unbiased and objective information, more than just an instructor’s sales pitch.

What are your plans for the future?

Firstly to continue to build on the success of UK Chung Do Kwan and to hopefully welcome more groups throughout the world to network under the banner of the World Chungdokwan Taekwondo Alliance.

The Significance of Ritual and Ceremony in Taekwondo

By Adam Ormond, Med.D. and Master Michael Kim The roots of Taekwondo are in the Buddhist tradition. Buddhism places a high value on the quest for personal enlightenment, mastery and harmony of body, mind, and spirit, intellectual serenity, and emotional tranquillity. Master Doug Cook writes in his book Taekwondo: Ancient Wisdom for the Modern Warrior (2001): “In its current iteration, it (Taekwondo) can be thought of as a direct reflection of modern society's desire for a ritualized discipline devoid of religious dogma, but complete with both physically and spiritually enhanced sets of ethical principles by which to live.” (p.9) Central to Buddhist practice are rituals and ceremony. Rituals are the spirit made manifest. They are the expression of who we are and what we wish to become.

Rituals and ceremony are like a comfortable pair of shoes, an old cap, or a favorite meal. They provide comfort, structure, and meaning in our lives. They give us a sense of connectedness to the past, the present, and the future, and remind us of the never ending chain of master to student. Rituals open new doors, and provide closure. The rituals in martial arts, and Taekwondo in particular, provide an architecture in which to grow physically, intellectually, spiritually, and emotionally.

In Taekwondo, Rituals present themselves in ways big and small. They are omnipresent. For example, think about an ordinary class. We are brought to attention.

We bow to the instructor. We bow to the flags , and than have a brief period of meditation. We then stand and do our warm up exercises and stretching. Next, we study our curriculum. We say, “Yes, Sir!” and “No, Sir!”. Afterwards, we bow to each other and say, “Thank you, sir or ma'am.” Finally, the class is brought to a

close . We bow to the instructor, and then we bow to each other.

Why do we do these things? Bowing is a sign of respect from student to master, junior to senior. It reflects a respect and deference for the wisdom and experience of one's senior. It expresses our willingness to learn from others. We bow to the flags to show duty and loyalty to country. We verbalize our respect and gratitude. Meditation clears one's mind, quiets the spirit, and refreshes the body.

Properly done, it allows the power of the universe, Ki, to enter us. Through the practice of these traditions, the spirit of Taekwondo becomes a part of us. It shapes our character, and how we live our lives. It informs our relationships with friends, spouses, siblings, children, and colleagues.

Advancement through the ranks from white belt to black is ritualized as well. Each belt carries with it its own significance and responsibilities. White belt represents innocence and purity. It represents a desire to learn Taekwondo and also about one's self. Yellow signifies the earth in which the Totally Tae Kwon Do - 35

seeds of Taekwondo will be planted. The orange belt combines the happiness of yellow and the energy of red and represents creativity, enthusiasm , and determination. The green belt signifies growing skill and knowledge. Blue belt symbolizes upward movement—reaching for the sky. Purple belt represents the stability of blue and the energy of red. It is a reflection of power, nobility, and ambition. Brown is the color of earth. The student must work the soil to reap the rewards of knowledge and skill. Red is the color of fire and is a reflection of knowledge of more advanced philosophy and techniques. Finally black represents an understanding that this is the beginning of a journey in Taekwondo. Black is the blending of white, yellow, orange, green, blue, brown, and red, and represents the knowledge of all the other belt levels.

Each belt level is a new stage of knowledge, skill, self-discovery, and harmony. Like the rituals we experience in 36 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

each class, the ritual of advancement articulates itself every day in our character, how we conduct ourselves, and how we treat others. We become better people.

These rituals and the philosophy behind them are entwined in the fabric of Taekwondo and are embodied in Kukkiwon's 10 Commandments of Taekwondo: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Be loyal to your country.

Be obedient to your parents.

Be loving between husband and wife.

Be cooperative between brothers and sisters.

5. Be faithful to your friends.

6. Be respectful to your elders.

7. Establish trust between teacher and student.

8. Use your martial arts skills only to defend yourself or another.

9. Never retreat in battle.

10. Always finish what you start.

In conclusion, rituals are an expression of the Taekwondo spirit.

They show us a way to think, to behave, and to live. Simple acts like bowing and and showing courtesy to others have a profound impact in our lives.

Each belt level is a represents a new stage of personal growth, knowledge, skill, selfdiscovery, and harmony. Meditation focuses the mind, heart, and spirit. It allows for introspection and self-discovery. It strengthens and refreshes us. It connects us to the universe.

Master Michael Kim has over 30 years experience in the practice and teaching of the martial arts. He began his teaching career in Korea, and taught as assistant instructor (for 4 years) and as instructor (4 years) in

Taekwondo and Hapkido to officers of the Tae Gu police force. Master Kim is a; certified 6th degree black belt instructor by Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Federation), certified 7th degree black belt instructor by the Korea Hapkido Association, Yoo Kwon Sul Hapkido, certified 4th degree black belt instructor in Kumdo (Kendo) by the Korean Kumdo Association. He may be reached at fmackick@yahoo.com Adam Matthew Ormond has an Ed.D. From the University of California, Irvine and the University of California, Los Angeles, He also holds a Master of Science degree in Software Engineering, and a Bachelor of Arts in political Science. Dr. Ormond is a certified 1st Dan in Taekwondo by the World Taekwondo Federation. He may be reached at AdamMatthewOrmond@gmail.com.

Or come directly to the forum http://totallytkd.proboards.com/

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Choi: The beginning

By Colin Wee Taekwondo began in a roiling mess. Framed

by World War II and the Korean Civil War, T a e k w o n d o ’ s beginning was marked by famine, civil unrest, and political jostling. It was a World away from ours and it had just seen the back of a 35year Japanese colonial administration bent on obliterating Korean culture and national identity.

Korea in 1948, famine and civil unrest during pre civil war days taken from http://www.unmultimedia.org/s/photo/detail/187/0187900.html

It was a World punctuated by massive and frequent loss of human lives. Losses linked to crackdowns, not by the recentlydeposed colonial occupation, but to the strong arm of Korea’s own police and military forces.

of Taekwondo starting from Korea’s 37 B.C. Koguryo Kingdom and 10th century Silla Hwarang warriors. It seems Taekwondo’s history is threatening to go the way of The Forgotten War.

This article is part of a series looking past Present day Taekwondo practitioners history as a mere listing of dates and seem not to reflect much on those early immersing readers into it’s day to day events and might know only a few key reality, specifically in Taekwondo’s dates that might development after include the end of the end of WWII. WWII, the The goal was to demonstration in look at early front of President modern-day Syngman Rhee Taekwondo and perhaps the through the eyes adoption of the of one of its key n a m e modern architects ‘Taekwondo’ as – the selfKorea’s new proclaimed martial art. Then founder of there are those Taekwondo Gen websites that cite Choi Hong Hi. Cheju Massacre 1948 the development taken from http://mtwsfh.blogspot.com.au/2009/07/1948-trying-tokill-robeson-promoting.html

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Some have cited Taekwondo’s history is attributed to Hwarang Warriors as depicted above taken from http://www.hwarangdo.com/pics/ancient1.jpg

Unfortunately, while we can learn many things from historical research, there were those day-to-day details that had to be ‘filled in.’ But this is not just some alternate timeline based on fantasy. This is a story considering factual events through the intervening years, paying closer attention to elements leading to the traditional Taekwondo schools that exist nowadays.

We use the word ‘tradition’ not just describing an instructor who thinks students need to be able to do a certain number of pushups or to endure a certain amount of suffering. For what it’s worth, I call my school ‘traditional’ because we practice a version of Taekwondo exported from Korea in the mid 1950s. What we do looks similar to Karate, but it’s definitely Taekwondo.

You could say Taekwondo’s long lost cousin has just cracked open that family album no one has looked at in years.

The start of this series was scheduled to comm emor ate Taek wondo’s 57 t h Anniversary April 11 2012. We would like to thank Stuart Anslow for its inclusion, and 40 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

for his outstanding work promoting the best of our art worldwide. Lastly, this work is dedicated to GM Keith Yates and the amazing group of practitioners in the American Karate and Taekwondo Organization.

As is typically experienced by all beginners to Taekwondo, we’ve begun our series from the start, with Taekwondo’s Chonji hyung. It’s not another historical film clip but a glimpse into the inspiration for how our art came to be – found scratched on the cell wall where a young Choi is imprisoned for his participation in the Pyongyang Incident and facing his imminent death at the hands of his Japanese captors. Of course we know Choi doesn’t eventually die there, and the subsequent piece continues at a point about a year after, when his fortunes have dramatically changed. Despite being much healthier, Choi continues to exude a pensive and restless energy.

Before you go any further, let me ask you: if you had a few months left to live, what would you be thinking of? What loose ends

would you choose to tie up if you had a chance?

Come and suspend disbelief. Enjoy this journey back in time with me.

Choi on February 4th, 1945

the Pyongyang Hahk-byung incident. Like the pattern he eventually named, Chon-ji is all or nothing, resolving two sides of the same coin, and is the cornerstone of a very potent system. We know the end of WWII several months after saved Choi from a probable death sentence and this prison term identified him as leadership material for the new Korean army.

Choi on April 30th, 1946 I’ve got a hot steaming cup of tea in my hands and I’m looking out from my office onto the main square. The few personnel starting their day are all walking briskly.

You know they’re feeling the morning chill through their service uniforms. Their caps seem to be pulled lower on their heads, and their green tunics are clinging closer to their bodies.

The cover of Yul-gok's Four Seven Debate taken from http://www.tower.com/korean-neoconfucianism-yi-toegye-yulgok-reappraisal-edward-y-j -chung-paperback/wapi/100040535

Heaven and Earth are inseparable.

They are neither two things nor one thing.

It applies to all who are on the path.

This wondrous fusion is the secret I have yet to share.

Note: The above was inspired by Yulgok’s renowned Four Seven Debate on Myohap Wondrous Fusion, a philosophical debate about moral cultivation; lessons of which can be extrapolated and applied to Taekwondo’s tactics, which include both powerful hand strikes and phenomenal leg attacks. Chon-ji was found as graffiti scratched into the cell wall where Choi was imprisoned as a rebel for involvement in

The morning chill doesn’t bother m e .

I t ’ l l disappear mid morning anyway.

What I’m keen for is to wash the taste of breakfast down. What they had in the officer’s mess was awful. The v e g e t a b l e omelette was grey and smelled off.

The rice cooked with red and black beans was hard. The kaktugi kimchi was somewhat edible. I’m trying not to complain about this. At least we have Choi in 1946, a far cry from of the year before food, there’s still the squalor taken from http:// a lot of people www.kidokwan.org/? page_id=110 going hungry in Totally Tae Kwon Do - 41

Group practice with Choi and a few of his students in the early years taken from http://www.taekwondo-mg.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=29

Korea at this time.

I chose not to tell the guys I was training this morning. I told them I had a full day dealing with paperwork from the closure of the South Joseon Defense Academy. In reality, the transition to the South Joseon National Defense Force was just shuffling papers around. My job hadn’t really changed much beyond training of military interpreters and focusing on the next batch of commissioned officers.

kicks and moving around – just like my early days training in Taekkyon. The relaxedness, the explosiveness and having that range of motion – it’s good fun! It’s everything I thought was missing from those days at Chou University just three years past.

Sensei had us do kata training over and over again then. Afterward it was pounding on the makiwara.

But we always came back to kata. I don’t miss it, really. But what I wanted to feel today was kime.

‘Focus’.

Long-range kicks What I really don’t have that needed was time Choi - destruction practice sort of physical to myself. Our taken from http://narama.taekwondo.cz/taekwondo/teorie/histories h o c k . recent training bojovych-umeni-v-koreji-a-vznik-taekwon-do/ Relaxedness sessions have had the guys practising the fluid long-range doesn’t result in that sort of feedback. That 42 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

‘shock.’ And it’s even worse when you try to kick with combat boots on. So while I disagree on just using kata over and over again in training, kime remains a part of how I generate significant power in upper body strikes; with whatever footwear I have on.

I’m walking to my desk and now wondering whether Lee Won Kuk has had the same thoughts as I have. He too trained under Sensei and has just started a new kwan here in Korea last year. But he’s teaching Karate kata to Koreans. While he’s not doing badly, I’m not sure I would do it exactly that way.

Let Sensei’s Japanese students formalise his teachings. Let them enjoy their karate.

Lee should know the problems with the training method. It’s too rigid. It’s too slow.

Inflexible. It won’t work for our new defense force anyway.

I hear female footsteps on the rough concrete floors before seeing the woman.

“Sowi? Annyong haseo?” – Good morning, sir. It’s one of the secretaries with my sealed inter-department mail. She’s quite attractive.

I can smell the KT&G cigarette she’s been smoking as she leans in to deliver the packet. Close enough for a strike to the temple. Followed by a takedown to the floor. I feel my abdominal muscles tense and I tighten my breath a little. But as those thoughts fly through my mind, my fingers hold my cup still. Today, she’s lucky she’s got me there to protect her.

Ohae haji maseyo – don’t get me wrong my way has to be better. I’m going to improve on this whole mess, one technique at a time. I can create a better system. We can have a brighter future.

Note: The above was written a few months after Choi, together with a group called the 110 founding fathers, joined the newly opened Military Language School in Seoul.

Choi was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant there and, at the time of writing the above, the South Joseon Defence Academy closes down and in it’s place continues the South Joseon National Defense Force.

Many practitioners obsess over basic skills or significant life’s lessons learned early in their martial arts careers. As a Shotokan trained practitioner, what kind of skills do you think Choi would value? How do you think he would ensure such skills continued to be transmitted; irrespective of his politics? Do you think he successfully achieved the ‘wondrous fusion’ he dreamt about in 1945?

‘Choi: The Beginning’ is historical fiction written by Colin Wee (6th Dan) Chung Sah Nim of Joong Do Kwan Tae Kwon Do, Perth Western Australia.

Colin has spent most of the last decade in Korea in the mid 1950s and some in 19th Century Okinawa.

Come visit him at http://www.joongdokwan.com.

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Teaching The Young

Is there a difference when the instructor is old or young when teaching to kids?

An Interview With An interview with Kai Boon (1st Dan black belt) from Malaysia

By Jerome Blanes When it comes to experience there is no questioning, old is good. But how about getting through to the mind of a young kid? Most of us remember when we were young, but that was a different time. Kids nowadays have a totally different outlook on life and what is important to them. Do we understand them and do we know how to teach to them? Or should we look more into letting the young teach the young?

Kai Boon Teh is a teenager of 18 years old, a black belt, and is already known in Malaysia as a very accurate teacher of Taekwon-Do to specifically kids. Under the wings of IOTF Malaysia he prepares Taekwon-Do kids for what is to come with adult training. For some reason even the most difficult and hyperactive of kids listen to him and learn complex techniques. So how does he do this? When witnessing one of his classes he seems very calm and even quite. He doesn’t speak much and when he does, he speaks softly. He takes these kids to great achievements as if by magic. It’s high time to investigate and ask him what his magic is, and, where we can get some of it. One thing is very clear though when we speak to him: we can learn a lot from the teaching strategies of our junior Taekwon-Do instructors.

Kai, what makes teaching to kids so interesting?

Kids are fun and really into Taekwon-Do. I would say that they are more into it than adults and easier to motivate. I wouldn't say they learn it faster but they seem to be more dedicated once they are part of it.

And that is the key; they have to be made part of it.

Do you think it is easier to teach kids being a teenager yourself?

In my opinion: yes! As a teenager I am just 1 generation older and closer to them than an adult. I really think I understand them better.

Us old guys were kids too once, but why do kids seem so much different now?

Kids today are mostly obsessed with computer games and television. Yes, obsessed I call it. They don't really exercise and they certainly don't think of their health. But thru watching cartoons and games they do learn to love the Martial Arts in the same way you got inspired by Bruce Lee and people like him at the time.

For us old guys it was indeed in most cases Bruce Lee who got us interested, even if we were too young to go to the cinema. But who or what are the inspirations for kids nowadays?

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It can be all the cartoons like the Ninja Turtles and Kung Fu Panda. But it can also be the Ip Man movies which are immensely popular with kids. And that is where Bruce Lee comes back into the limelight again.

How interesting is that?

How is teaching kids different from teaching older people?

It's difficult sometimes. They tend to run around and are often difficult to control. It takes a totally different approach. Some people tend to resort to doing games with kids, but that takes them away from the objective: to learn TaekwonDo. I show t h e m a technique and compare it with an example they know, like Kung Fu Panda or something I know they have seen. It grabs their attention and they copy what I do. To reassure you, the kids actually don't believe in the mythological Martial Arts techniques they see in cartoons like Ben10 or Pokemon and the likes of that. Don't underestimate them; they know what is possible and what is not.

But when it comes to stretching and other gruelling exercises performed during for instance the warm-up? How do you motivate them to do it? Us old guys always resort to discipline and superiority to which they are not supposed to say no. Kids of course laugh about it, and we can't help but smile like big old softies. But how do you do this?

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Well, I do push them a little. There must be leadership. But I don't push them too much. I normally show them what the stretching will result to by showing them high kicks or other techniques that require stretching. If it looks good, then that is what they want to be able to do, so they stretch.

So everything basically is taught or instructed with lots of examples and showing them where it will lead. That is the way to teach to kids.

Do you think Taekwon-Do h a s a responsibility to educate about antibullying in schools and self defence?

Yes, I think Taekwon-Do should inform kids on these situations and advice them.

They should know that avoidance is important as well as self defence. There is a lot we can teach them and prepare them for.

Most kids in Malaysia only train Taekwon-Do during their school years and then drop out. Why do you think this is?

In Malaysia Taekwon-Do is part of the school's physical exercise programme and the students get marks for attendance.

Several sports and Martial Arts are available from which they can choose.

Often there is a wide availability with many sports next to Martial Arts like TaekwonDo, Karate, Aikido and Silat. But as soon as they move to another school and there are no marks for it, they stop training.

Parents play a big role in this. If it isn't

mandatory to attend they keep their kids away and rather spend big bucks on extra tuition classes which keeps them occupied during the evenings. This often keeps them away from other activities.

Us older guys we have the feeling that when we were young, more of us did sports and exercise than the kids nowadays. We are also under the impression that they only play computer games and watch TV. Is this just a distorted view, like in the way we remember all winters to be with snow in the past, or is it really so?

I too play games and watch TV every day.

But I also attend school and train Taekwon-Do. I find that there is enough time in a day to do all of this.

But it is definitely true that most kids nowadays don't do any exercise at all. Most of them are not in the least busy with their health. That's why a great number of them are getting fat and even obese. It's alarming.

How many out of 10 kids would you say exercise or train a sport or martial art?

I would say 2 or 3 out of 10 do sports or exercise. The others don't exercise at all and are without a doubt growing out and getting unhealthier.

So what made you different? Why are you not like them?

My dad's influence has a lot to do with that.

He is a Taekwon-Do teacher as well and started me training when I was 6 years old.

Taekwon-Do in itself inspires me to exercise too. I have turned out to be a very

health conscious guy. As for the unhealthy kids, I think technology is to blame.

Technology comes as a blessing as well as a curse. Kids drown themselves in video games and are not motivated by the people around them. Martial Arts come with pain and discomfort. It's included in the package, and those kids are not used to hardship and pain. Therefore they avoid the Martial Arts or any other exercise for that matter.

How do you see your future in TaekwonDo? What are your goals?

I just want to keep training Taekwon-Do and keep growing. But I want to do that slowly and learn properly.

When it comes to other Martial Arts I am interested in Karate and I have an interest in stick fighting and arts that teach staff or stick technique. I would love to learn weapon arts in the future.

Recently you made your debut in MMA competition just like several other IOTF Taekwon-Do people have done before you. What did you learn from this experience?

The first time was quite terrifying, but it teaches you a lot. It was an eye-opener and a good experience. You go all out during a fight and I managed to do some Taekwon-Do kicks. But basically you have to adjust everything you have ever learned.

There is no time for any preparation, they just charge at you. Any limb you stick out at them will be grabbed and used against you. It's hard work but it's a great experience. The level of MMA competitions and fighters in Malaysia still has to grow. A few people out there are working hard to Totally Tae Kwon Do - 47

promote it and I think that it will quickly get a lot better in Malaysia.

And finally; what are your future plans?

I am doing my a-levels and I am going to get me a degree in law. My plan is to become a lawyer and keep training and teaching Taekwon-Do. I hoping to work and study in England. One day in the future I will visit Korea and experience the culture and learn some of the other Korean Martial Arts that inspired Taekwon-Do. There is still a lot to learn and experience.

For more information IOTF website: www.IOTF.info email: iotfm@hotmail.com

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Coming Of Age In Your Martial Arts Training

By Catarina Murphy MSc. Physical Education Many of us think of ‘Coming of Age’ as turning 18 or 21. While this is known to be true for young adults as a milestone in life’s journey, a similar occurrence takes place for those who practise the martial arts journey long term. To me, coming of age in your martial arts training, takes place around age 40, plus or minus a few years, depending on the individual. At forty, our life experiences and circumstances to date have changed our outlook as well as our physical bodies, compared to what they were in our late teens to mid twenties. So we have no choice but to re-evaluate our values and future athletic direction.

Don’t get me wrong, I’m not signing off 40+ year olds as passed it, but hey, let’s get realistic, we’re not the same as what we were physically twenty years ago. But I am glad to say, mentally we are far more astute! At this point in our lives, many of us have had children, our responsibilities are greater, the time we have for ourselves is less, our jobs and careers may be at their most demanding, or our young family may be at it’s demanding stage if we are looking after them full-time, and it can sometimes seems hard to get that life/work balance.

I am now age 41, I have always been athletic and as a child heavily involved in sport. When I went to University inLeedsat the age of 18, I was recommended Taekwondo under Master Kim Stones, ITF World Champion. This sounded attractive to me as I wanted to do something new for my fitness. I hadn’t a clue what Taekwondo was but as soon as I did one lesson I was obsessed, and couldn’t get enough training

sessions. I was at my peek of competitiveness and entered every competition under the sun. This carried on for about 8 years and eventually I did my final competition at the GTI Black Belt Team Championships, Lemington Spa, where every competitor came out with some sort of injury, in my case a black eye… not really a big deal for martial arts I guess, but for the first time in my Taekwondo career I actually questioned, what was I doing and why? I stopped competing, became more heavily involved in coaching and teaching and this became my passion. I left my original job as a Food Scientist to become a full time professional in the martial arts industry when I joined my husband Frank Murphy, running his Academy in Gravesend, Kent,UK in 1999.

Five years later, at the age of 34, I had my first child, and pregnancy and childbirth had a dramatic effect on my body. I didn’t bounce back so quick for many reasons and was out of the scene of training for a Totally Tae Kwon Do - 49

while.

At the age of 39, I had my second child. This child, larger than my first, and me being narrow in my core area, caused my a b d o m i n a l muscles to be stretched beyond their capacity, damage my pelvic floor, and cause my sacroiliac joints to loosen and slide about in pain. I was left with a gap in my a b d o m i n a l muscles so big you could access my spine from my front. Only surgery could repair this damage which I went through two years later after the birth. So despite liking the martial arts, my chances of returning to a standard Taekwondo class were pretty slim…

My case is a bit extreme, perhaps even unusual. But even on a less dramatic scale, after the experience of pregnancy and birth, it doesn’t surprise me to rarely see a mum take up on standard martial arts classes.

So what now? Initially pilates, gentle stretching, walking, swimming. As soon as my core strength was coming back, I took up theKaizendo Fitness programme again, to train and to teach. This is no ordinary programme, the thought behind it is scientific, strategic and intelligent, the end result, a mature black belt of a good standard. It is a good workout, it is martial arts and I feel confident doing it. But of course, everybody is different and the reasons for training martial arts is a personal journey.

In conclusion, many drop out of the martial arts after ‘Coming of Age’, and many who 50 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

have never done the martial arts before give up on the idea of ever trying. The benefits martial arts can offer are unlimited, and they should not be limited to younger people. Martial Arts is a journey of life long learning for us all.

Battle Of The South East

By Lauren Snow, 2nd Degree Warriors come in all shapes and sizes and, on 11th March 2012, this was definitely the case as 18 clubs and associations lined up their members in the Lions Tae Kwon Do schools Regional South E a s t O p e n s Championships.

The tournament hosts were my dad Mr. Chris Snow, a 6th Degree I.T.F. Black Belt and my mum Tracey Leonard, along with tournament supervisor Mr. Stuart Smith, 4th Degree.

Now in its’ ninth year, the tournament did not disappoint, as more than 180 competitors took part in what many now claim to be one of the best Regional Championships in the U.K. Competitors ranged from 5 years right up to 63 years young and grades differed from 9th Kup up to 5th Degree Black Belt. The arena consisted of four 7 by 7 meter matted rings and featured awards that many claimed were unmatched by any such Regional Championships in the U.K.

The tournament was hosted in Francis Bacon School Sports Complex, a new multi million pound venue based in St. Albans – this is a very scenic venue with ample parking and surrounded by lovely green fields, which meant many visiting competitors and travelling supporters could basked in the sun with their packed lunches in the afternoon.

The L.T.S.I., a Hertfordshire I.T.F. Tae Kwon Do group who many know for their stringent policies and high standards across the board, once again hosted this prestigious event and wowed many of the clubs in attendance, as everyone could see this group (or rather its’ tournament host) had left no stone unturned to ensure the event would be as professional as possible and set the bar on how open tournaments should be run.

The doors opened at 8.45am and more than 350 people lined up outside the venue eagerly waiting to enter and see battle

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commence. Jeff Stewart, the L.T.S.I.’s security officer and certified door man, and a number of the L.T.S.I. Black Belts assisted to ensure all visitors were guided safely and as quickly as possible to their seats for the day.

started to explode everywhere, as students from all the groups delivered some of the best performances possible in the pattern sections, gaining scores of 6, 7 or 8 (which are high marks under the scoring system used at our events).

At 9.30am, all juniors were lined up in grade order to hear the host give the rules to all parents and students, so no one could say they did not know t h e m beforehand.

One ex coach of the B.U.T.F. stated that the L.T.S.I. seems to be a duplicate of the B.U.T.F. especially how they run their events – to us, this is the ultimate compliment, given as most know the B.U.T.F are one of the most professional groups on British soil and are responsible for most of our education.

The podiums gleamed after being cleaned, ready for the winners to pick up their spoils.

As the results started to come in, the h o s t announced the first batch of names of the winners and they picked up the awards and waited for their pictures to be taken by D.E. Photo.

As the event unfolded and the last of the visitors sat down around 9.45am, the arena was jam packed to the rafters - fireworks

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First up, we saw L.T.S.I. students picking up awards which, once again, proved that there was substance as the standard of those competing was extremely high on this day. Given the fact that L.T.S.I. only placed 35 students in the event and there was 153 outsiders, the odds were against us from the start, so anything we picked up

was a bonus.

M. Whitley (B.U.T.F.) took his first gold in the junior section patterns, but was not to be stopped there as he moved on to take gold in sparring later in the day. Another section of the juniors was won by E. Rikena (Lone Wolf T.K.D.) and A. Odunaiya (Rayners Lane) also took a gold.

L o o k i n g across the arena, both host and his tournament supervisor meticulously manned the m a t s , checking for fair play as those umpires showed their scores, with supervisors on all rings recording the final scores. The mats were supervised by some of the most senior coaches in England, which ensured no one cheated. Ring three was supervised by Mr.

G. Slater, 6th Degree, ring two by Mr. S. Anslow, 5th Degree, and ring one by Mr. H. Harris, 6th Degree. All worked tirelessly to ensure the days’ event ran smoothly.

The air was electric, but soon it would intensify as supporters watched what many called the ‘rug rats’ showcase their fantastic sparring skills. This was a section where L.T.S.I. s t u d e n t s would fight their way to some great spoils being taken home and it was obvious they would not disappoint from the offset.

B. M a r k s (L.T.S.I.), aged just 6, fought fantastically against M. Alexander (F.S.M.A.), only to take silver but proved he is one to watch. L.J. Henry (L.T.S.I.) was in a heavy section but got into the final Totally Tae Kwon Do - 53

against J. Faint (Lone Wolf T.K.D.), losing by a three point kick to the face but still took an impressive silver home. S. Barnes (L.T.S.I.) fought hard to get gold, which left the L.T.S.I. camp ecstatic with the result.

At 11.30am, all juniors were finished – we took a 20 minute break, then the event proceeded with a promotion of four students who recently promoted to Black Belt under the L.T.S.I. All candidates were awarded both certificates - one from the L.T.S.I. and also their International certification.

On to the next part of the event, we witnessed three teams go into battle in the team pattern challenge. After a close contest, a team of Black Belts from Rayners Lane picked up the gold medal and a draw between St. Albans Lions &

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London Colney Lion Cubs meant that a play off would follow. London Colney, a team of under 13’s, piped their seniors to the silver place, making the parent school realise that the junior club is now a major player in the L.T.S.I. On to the Black Belt contest, the a u d i e n c e watched I. Zaman (Rayners Lane) win the gold in the 13 to 17 year old patterns, closely followed by D. Britten (L.T.S.I.) and in the adult male section A. Smith (L.T.S.I.) win the gold in the 1st and 2nd Dan pattern section with some crisp, solid techniques.

Just when we all thought things could not get any better, the sparring divisions started and all gasped as sheer excellence was seen from the many Black Belts in attendance. Unlike most I.T.F. events

however, total control and respect was demonstrated as all contenders used complete skill - those that lost were extremely humble in defeat, as every bout ended with hands being shook and contenders walking off chatting about their bouts and any mistakes made.

Everyone was a true winner on the day, as I.T.F. and non I . T . F . practitioners acted like true brothers and sisters in arms, which made a refreshing change.

We now know the clubs that will never be allowed to enter our events, as it is clear that now they have gone, things have changed for the better for the L.T.S.I. J. Wilson (U.K.T.A.) made light work in the

3rd & 4th Dan patterns section taking gold, but ensured his attendance was noted by all moving on to take the heavyweight regional title. However, it has to be said that the move was no easy task, as A. Bannister, 3rd Dan (F.S.M.A.) gave a very valiant fight in the final - both practitioners used skill and extreme control that looked almost like a demonstration bout, only both wanted the win so kicks and strikes were fast, almost lightning, strikes.

In the 13 & 14 year olds girls section, newly p r o m o t e d L.T.S.I. Black Belts R. Snow & T. Adio fought two great rounds, winning the gold and silver in sparring - R. Snow was put into silver place by T. Adio. Not to be Totally Tae Kwon Do - 55

outdone by my younger sister, I took the gold in the 15 to 17 year olds Black Belts section – another medal for the L.T.S.I. camp!

At 2pm, the 13’s to Adults colour belts were on the floor and standards and skill did not drop even slightly again, this enforced the fact that those at the regional opens had come to win and also make many new friends at the same time.

A new school in attendance, B.L.T.S.A. (under the guidance of Mr. Lapthorn, 4th Degree) won 8 gold medals and many silver and bronze medals across the day – this resulted in the regional area title also going to their club. There were some great exponents coming out of this camp but, more importantly, all their students were a real credit to the coach.

We saw other new schools like Cambridge T.K.D., F.S.M.A. and U.K.T.A. attend this year, which proved the Regionals is going from strength to strength.

We could continue writing about the many fantastic bouts seen on the day but, as we are limited on space, all we can say is use your imagination, multiply that by five times and you will guess what we were all 56 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

witness to. My dad has spent 27 years in T.K.D. and he said this was possibly the best event ever hosted by the L.T.S.I. given the fact we have held 17 Regionals so far, you can say this was off the hook!

We thank all those coaches that attended the Regionals, plus the competitors a n d t h e i r supporters on the day. We hope that t h e 2 0 1 2 Invitationals (which is being h e l d o n September 23rd) will see all return to have another great day with us.

If you would like to take part in this, head on over to www.ltsi-tournaments.co.uk or www.uk-ltsi.com and simply request an invitation. Try our open championships and we guarantee you will see our Championships are just that – o p e n t o everyone. Whilst on our website, why not sign our petition against those that claim they run open events when simply they have no idea of what open means.

We thank Jeff Stewart, Tracey Leonard, Pat Leonard, Mr. Snow, Mr. Smith, DE Photo and all visiting schools who made this event one to remember. We look forward to 2013, where many special things are already being organised to mark a decade of a regional championship that just keeps improving.

See our film and pictures on our websites now.

Tournament Referees, Judges & Volunteers:

Thank You!

By Sean Lunn

Whether you are a novice student or a master instructor, chances are that sometime during your Taekwondo training you will attend and compete in at least one tournament. While this may be an infrequent occurrence at a local competition or the determined athlete competing at the national and international level, there is one thing each of them relies on, a dedicated staff of referees, judges and volunteers. It is this group of ladies and gentlemen that tournament directors and competitors alike owe a deep debt of gratitude to.

Many athletes or coaches have written about what it is like to compete at the highest levels and the pressure the athletes are under, but very little has been written about what it is to be a referee and the pressures that they experience. This article is written from the perspective of a referee during a modest (200-300 competitors) local or regional level tournament as this is what most of us are familiar with. What I hope each reader takes away from this article is a better understanding of what it is like to serve as a referee or judge and an appreciation of the work each of them puts into making an event a success.

Generally speaking, the volunteer staff

arrives at the tournament venue hours before the competitors and spectators begin to arrive. Staff members are busy setting up the competition and competitor sign in areas as well as the tables, chairs and displays associated with that event.

The referees and judges will usually help the event staff with final setup duties and will then begin inspecting each of the competition rings to ensure they are safe and ready for the day’s events. They may also be setting up and testing the electronic scoring systems if they are going to be used for that event trying to prevent any delays when the sparring competition finally begins. After everything appears to be in order the tournaments referee chair will bring everyone together and brief the Totally Tae Kwon Do - 57

day’s order of events, any modifications to the scoring system and ring assignments.

The rest of the day is then filled with dehydration, infrequent bathroom breaks, hurried lunches, angry coaches and furious parents.

The referees and staff have one simple mission at any tournament no matter the level; ensure an efficient, fair and enjoyable event for everyone involved.

The moment competition begins the rings are a hive of activity with athletes coming and going and almost non-stop action for the referee and judges. Remember that while an athlete may have to wait thirty minutes or more for their first event to begin, the referees have been moving nonstop. Parents and coaches will constantly be approaching the referee asking when their competitor will be up next, the answer is always “when it is their turn”. As the center referee for a ring I must organize the competitors, ensure the competition brackets are filled our properly before after each match, announce who is on deck to compete, ensure my staff and judges are ready and prepare the next set of competitors for action.

The next time you are at a tournament watch what is happening at your ring while 58 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

you are not competing, coaching or watching someone.

Is the ring cadre talking and drinking coffee or are they hustling through events and matches in order to keep the competition moving?

The next time you see a referee announce that his ring is going to take a fifteen minute break watch the reaction of the coaches and parents, are they supportive or frustrated?

In truth, I have never received more than three breaks total during any tournament I have supported; two short fifteen minute bathroom and water breaks and a thirty minute lunch break. While the competitors are sitting in the bleachers drinking water and eating snacks the ring staff is working, when an athlete finishes his last event of the morning and has over an hour until his next event, the ring staff is working. And on a personal note, as a USA Taekwondo referee I get to do all of this in a suit and necktie, not the most comfortable ensemble to chase sparring competitors around a ring in.

Understanding that a referee is busy is a step in the right direction, but understanding the near constant level of verbal, and occasional physical abuse, a referee endures is a whole new level.

When parents or friends of a competitor

begin to get emotional it can be understood and is usually tolerated a little bit better, but when this level of behavior (and worse) comes from the athletes, coaches and masters it can be a painful and frustrating experience. The referee is simply trying their best to enforce the rules of the match in order to maintain the fairness of the competition and safety of the athletes.

Coaches throwing chairs and cursing the referee will not help their athlete score, yet they try and try, hoping that by yelling they will get the referee to ignore the violations, except of course when it is committed by their athletes’ opponent.

The greatest example of such behavior came during the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia when Cuban athlete Angel Matos kicked the match referee after he was disqualified.

This extreme behavior is thankfully the exception rather than the rule, but serves to highlight some of the additional stress that tournament referees must contend with.

This article was not an exhaustive description of the referee’s day, activities

or problems, but more of a highlight reel which can be used to gain a bit more insight into what these volunteers go through in the course of their duties. I encourage all of the readers to watch what happens during a competition and observe for yourself the dedication and motivation displayed by the event staff. Remember that the tournament could not happen without these men and women, please show some respect, thank them and remember they are there for you, not themselves.

Tournament volunteers, referees and judges do not get paid for their services, they do it in order to give back to Taekwondo; so that a new generation of practitioners can enjoy the same experiences they did and continue to develop as athletes and martial artists.

To my fellow referees, judges and support staff volunteers, thank you for your service to Taekwondo and those who practice it.

Angel Matos kicks the match referee at the 2000 Olympic Games

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Who’s Representing You? We can!

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Sparring The Martial Ego

By Master Frank Murphy Allow me to transport you dear reader, back to when my parents gave me a pair of Boxing gloves in October 1965 for my tenth birthday. I wore them all the time and tested my skills on my younger, terrified brother. The Rolling stones had just released, “I can’t get no satisfaction”, and so I will leave it to your own imagination to conjure up the upstairs bedroom scene of our terraced house in Cork of a Saturday morning. We would stick on the record, load on the needle and Mick Jagger would belt out for about two or three minutes. With no school, our weekly boxing ritual commenced, whereby wearing one glove each, we battered away, (well I did mostly) and the result was, my sparring ego was born.

Fast forward ten years later and I am a n e r v o u s Taekwondo green belt and my sparring ego dies.

The community hall we trained in would have made an excellent set for a present day Martin Scorsese movie and the blokes going there were not what you might call student- friendly. Come to think of it, there wasn’t anything student- friendly back then. I got into Taekwondo because I was beaten up by thugs, so getting over the fear of any physical confrontation was not easy. The training I loved and still do, but the sparring, scared me, just as I had terrified my younger brother. Karma must be paid regardless. As a green belt I casually pretended to love it, as this was the only way to fit in and be accepted.

After the warm up, the harsh command of “Put your sparring gear on, find a partner and make two lines ” greeted our cold ears.

I stroll off to the side and say “Yes Sir” as loud as I can to bluff my fear.

Lacking the enthusiastic adrenaline rush of my mates, I joke as we discuss the usual male topics in the changing room such as football and the current state of our love lives. Deep inside me I always had turmoil, because I am afraid of sparring, even more afraid to make this admission public on such an unforgiving and testosterone laden environment. Fearful, slow and clumsy, I struggle with tying the foot protectors, and wonder if I should wear my groin guard inside or outside my trousers, and which way will provide me with the best safety and security.

Hoping my kit is on correctly, I line up and try my utmost to avoid the confident students. These are easily recognised.

They always manage to change quickly Totally Tae Kwon Do - 61

into their sparring kit and be first on the floor. Like confident dancers at a posh wedding, the middle of the floor belongs to them. Wearing taped up,well worn sparring kit and a dangerous smirk to match, they strut around like fighting bantam cocks, stuffed to the gills with illegal hormones, confidently punching, bobbing and weaving as they hiss and grunt at imaginary opponents. These exhibitions serve a dual intention, to boost their shadow boxing skills which is all fine and well, but also to send intimidating signals to all the rest of us less aggressive souls to announce that “Yes”, they are indeed “Open for Business” In the corner of this big cold hall the muffled strains of laughter help conceal the nerves of the few female students. They always seemed to quickly partner up and move towards the floor in block, their acute female instincts completely tuned into a well- rehearsed survival plan. I used to

always wait for the other guys to partner up before me, secretly hoping that I will be the odd one out and using the ostrich technique, commence my umpteenth warm up. The attempt fails; my weak body language is spotted by the Instructor.”

Frank you go with Alan”… Alan Dalton is one of those blokes that has a chambering leg position that defies human anatomy.

Not only can he chamber his lead side kick high and fast, but his upper body contour stays upright so as he slides towards you, his intention is brilliantly disguised. You have a choice to take it in the ribs or if he changes course mid chamber and whips 62 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

that lead leg high hooking kick, in the direction of your nose like a heat seeking missile, all you can do is to hope the gum shield does exactly what it says on the box.

I take all day to bow and hope the cold sore on my lip will scare him into believing this was a previous encounter, and as we begin I hope he will either get a sudden pain, so as to make me look good or that lady karma will forgive me for inflicting all that pain and terror on my younger brother all those years ago.

Fast forward again to 1999, and the nervous green belt is now 44 years old. By now I have been on the Irish Taekwondo Team, won a few sparring competitions and overcome my fear of sparring. I run a successful academy in Kent; I am featured in martial arts magazines and the local

papers most months. I am no longer that nervous green belt and am in the business of putting the frighteners on folks again.

Ego has crept upon me but I am unaware of it. My team have been invited up to Huddersfield to enter one of the UKs premier Sparring Competitions “The Clash of the Titans”. We spent a few years at this competition, so my team have the experience and have spent six months training hard. When we get to the venue I use an unfriendly body language, and my team, I instruct to do likewise. I question the weights of the other fighters, I made it known that I mean business and question the judges and want to know who is the referee. Huddersfield Sports Centre is full

to capacity and two busloads of supporters have travelled up North to support us.

When our team is announced I lead my team out to a huge roar from the Kent supporters. With their red flags waving I offer spontaneous high fives to wellwishers as we trot around the arena. We are drawn against PUMA, one the largest Taekwondo groups just formed in the UK. I

get my team to line up, but take the lightweight Wayne “The Bullet” Busteed to one side and impress upon him why it is so important to win this first fight. Off he goes and the crowd really get behind him every time he as much touches his opponent.

Not just from one corner of the mats but from all four I strut around screaming at Wayne, “Ata Boy Wayne Ata Boy”… “He is

only a schoolboy Wayne, you got him in your pocket now” . The fight gives the crowd value for money and when Wayne is announced the winner, the crowd go completely mental and I myself go into a kind of religious ecstasy.

Everyone sees the coach with the flat cap, banging two focus pads together, my confidence is now unstoppable, I challenge any decisions made against us, I feel supreme and continue banging the two focus pads together as well as walk all round the matted area shouting encouragement to my charges. It must have been well into the last round when I felt my sweaty arm being pulled as a man started shouting at me. I turned around fully so that he could vent his protest better. He pointed out that my coaching was frightening his young son and scaring him half to death. About three rows up from the mats sat a boy of about eight or nine, looking intimated and frightened. I walked up towards him and offered my hand but he rejected it. I said sorry to his Dad. As I stood there amid the noisy din I saw myself back once again as that nervous green belt. I felt this was not a dignified way to enter middle age, let alone be a role model for others. While I had got over my fear of

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Sparring my ego had surfaced again and come full circle.

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So Train hard, push yourself more, share knowledge and enjoy the growth….

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Sparring and healthy competition are fine, but when it intimidates others, when we give out negativity we will one day get it back.

When it comes to paying our Karma absolutely nothing goes unpaid. It is better to give out something of value, something that will help others and better again silently and unannounced.

Sometimes those we give to may not appreciate us, but I strongly suggest that you give anyway because sooner or later you will get it all back. This is one sure way to keep the ego in check. It puts “We” first instead of just “I” and the amount of energy needed to keep the ego propped up can be costly. This has taken me five decades to see this play out again and again. For many of us are so fortunate to be able to practise martial arts, to be able to train, and grow physically, emotionally

and mentally is a blessing. Ego will find lots of ways to creep into you’re training because martial arts gives us a certain degree of power as we get stronger.

However, when we share the arts and help others to grow positively, we go a long way towards helping ourselves. But the opposite is also true.

We can remain, as I did in my career, for a long time a slave to our ego, or we can promote an openness to others from today, from now onwards, towards each other.

When we accept our differences and start accepting others for good and bad, the ego will not take hold of us so easy. This is hard to do at first, but the payback is increased energy and something almost better than confidence, what I would call ‘a knowing’ or an awareness of our real potential.

Taebaek:

A Practical Application for Geum-gang Mom-tong-makki and Dang-kyeo Teok-ji-reu-gi

By Jeff W. Rosser This article contains a practical application for the Geum-gang Momtong-mak-ki (Geum Mountain Body Block) and the subsequent Dangkyeo Teok-ji-reu-gi (Pulling Chin Punch) as found in the Kukkiwon Taekwondo poomsae, Taebaek. These are the names used by the Kukkiwon as included in the Kukkiwon Taekwondo Textbook. I am only including this information for reference purposes.

Do not focus too much on the names as they are very deceiving with regards to the possible applications of these techniques.

In this poomsae, these techniques (#9-11 and #14-16 in the Kukkiwon Taekwondo Textbook) can be used to intercept an attacker’s punch to the head while 1-A

simultaneously executing your own back fist to the face, grab the attacker’s wrist, strike with a hammer fist to the inside of the attacker’s elbow to break his posture and draw him in, and then follow-up with a punch to the ribs or a hammer fist strike to the exposed side of the attacker’s neck.

1-B

As the attacker throws a left punch toward the head, you should execute a Geum-gang Mom-tong-mak-ki by raising your right hand upward along your centerline, similar to an uppercut, with your palm facing up and toward you (Figures 1-A and 1-B).

1-C

1-C2

As your hand reaches about neck level, you should alter the path of your movement to up and away while rotating your palm outward. It is at this point that you will deflect the punch up and away while creating an opening for you to deliver a deung-jumeok ap-chi-gi (back fist) to the face (Figures 1-C and 1-C2 reverse side).

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1-D

1-E

1-F

The next step is to execute the Dang-kyeo Teok-ji-reu-gi by grabbing the attacker’s arm and then tracking down to the wrist as you pull your right hand back and down toward the hip chamber position. As you do this, your hand will also rotate in and upward so that you will finish with your palm facing up. This will also leave your attacker’s left hand in a palm-up position thus exposing the inside of the attacker’s left elbow. At this point, you should draw your left hand back toward the right side of your body, palm facing up, by tracking down the left arm of your attacker and striking with a hammer fist to the exposed inside of the attacker’s elbow (Figures 1-D and 1-E). This will break your attacker’s posture and draw him in close. You may then follow his arm back up to execute a hammer fist strike to the left side of the attacker’s neck (Figure 1-F).

Notes: Special thanks to Hwang Won-Yeong Sabomnim for helping demonstrate in the photographs. This article also contains excerpts from a book that the author is currently in the process of writing.

References: Kukkiwon Taekwondo Textbook, 3rd Edition, Published by: Kim Joong-Young, OSung Publishing Company, May 15, 2009.

About the author: Jeff W. Rosser is a teacher, martial arts instructor, and freelance writer currently residing in South Korea. He is a former AAU U.S.A. National Karate Team member and has competed internationally in Karate and Taekwondo, medaling in Taekwondo (2011 Jeonju Bijeon Dae Hakgyo Jeollabuk-do Taekwondo Championships – bronze medal in Poomsae). He has over twenty years of experience in the martial arts and has trained in Kukkiwon style Taekwondo, Shuri-Te Ju -Jutsu, Judo, Shorin-Ryu Karate, and American Open Karate.

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1-D

Phi & TKD

The Golden Number for the Perfect Kick!

By Jon Tizick My name is Jon Tizick and I have been studying martial arts for over 30 years now.

I am a 5th Dan black belt in TaeKwon-Do. I have always been my own biggest critique, and believe me even in events I win, I try and video them and watch them back and pick up faults and try to improve myself.

I watch others in different categories and online and try and take on board anything that will improve me. I never ever think, right this is me and I’m brilliant, I have won this I won that etc.

with what I have, which I guess is a good thing because that way I’m always looking to improve.

You see people kick like this all the time at good competitions, you know the sort, they can put their leg their and hold it, making it look so easy and so powerful.

So I wanted my kick like this, first thing I needed to do was find out what was the difference between this kick that looked so good, and mine. I can I wanna kick like this guy! kick that high if not higher. I can even hold mine out as long, I will teach and give knowledge to anyone but somehow it just doesn’t look the same. who wants to learn, but I will also soak up The first things I picked up were the angle as much knowledge from others who I see of the upper torso, the kicking leg, and the support leg, which make a 3 pronged I can learn from. windmill type shape, all meeting at the Although other people comment on how centre, (near the belt knot). At first I well I kick, I am always working on it and thought it looked so ascetically pleasing to trying to improve it. I work daily on it to get the eye, because the angles between each better, but sometimes I get to a point of these lines added up to 120 degrees, where I’m unsure of what it is that’s making the whole thing equal throughout. needed to help me improve.

I printed of dozens of side kick photos, all I’m going to use side kick for the article, but different heights and all different angles, I have done similar things with many some I thought looked good, others I thought looked scruffy. I drew and techniques in the past. measured angles on all of them and the When I do sidekicks I can kick at a good 120 degrees did pop up a lot, but when height and people say to me, “wow I wish I people kicked higher or lower and still could kick like that”. Me being me I wish I looked good the theory went out the could kick like others do, I’m never happy window.

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Here are just a few examples taken from a website goldennumber.net for anyone interested in reading more about this magical number and ratio.

By trade I am a scientific engineer and designer. For the past 16 years I have been designing and manufacturing the future of the physics industry worldwide, so I thought maybe I could combine my day job with my evening job.

I had learnt and read about Phi (the golden number) which is a ratio or proportion (1.618033988749895...) it has been used throughout human history from times past and present, the great pyramid at Giza uses it, the artist Leonardo De Vinci used it, the Fibonacci sequence uses it, modern day buildings are designed using it.

Nature’s plants and animals, and even the human body has the golden number throughout it. The whole universe falls in line with the golden number.

Phi, like Pi, is a ratio defined by a geometric construction. Just as pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, phi is simply the ratio of the line segments that result when divided in one very special and unique way.

Divide a line so that: • the ratio of the length of the entire line (A) 68 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

• •

to the length of larger line segment (B) is the same as the ratio of the length of the larger line segment (B) to the length of the smaller line segment (C).

ΑThis happens only at the point where: B A is 1.618 ... times B and B is 1.618 ... times C. C D What makes phi even more unusual is that it can be derived in many ways and shows up in relationships throughout the universe.

E So I read up on Phi, and discovered there was also a Golden angle. If we inscribe a regular decagon in a circle, the ratio of a side of the decagon to the radius of the circle forms the golden ratio.

F G Then I thought where have we seen this before?

• A 10 sided shape?

• A DECAGON? Could these angles that make up so many architectural structures, so much nature, and so many other things around us, be the answer to the side kick question I was looking for?

I draw a Pentagram (5 pointed star) over the kicks, which lined up perfectly.

I had found a rule which worked for the way I wanted to kick, but what about those who can’t kick that high? Or even those who kick a lot higher and still look good? Is there a rule for them?, is it the same rule, applied differently?

Lets take a look at some.

This required some rotating of the pentagram to see, something not everyone is capable of doing. So I created a double pentagram to stop having to rotate it, and I printed it onto acetate to overlay over photos of kicks. PERFECT MATCHES So as we can see all of the kickers, high, medium and low align their support legs, Totally Tae Kwon Do - 69

their kicking legs, and their torsos with a gap between kicking leg and torso, 3 pentagram points apart, or 108 Degree.

So this is how I have set about correcting my kick?

I am going to kick a comfortable height for me and work on adjusting my core to a better upright angle. Now obviously I am not going to carry a protractor around with me to measure my angles, but I know from photographing myself and pausing myself during patterns, my angle is not 108 Degrees, so I will work on it and take more photos until I have achieved what I set out to achieve, and then hopefully I will get to a point where I am at, or near 108 Degrees and then I will hope my kick looks better and I will be able to say my theory was right.

I set about stretching and working my core to obtain a 108 degree angle or there abouts.

I wanted to work out the height I would have to kick if my body and support leg were vertical, and work on raising my leg up to feel the stretch of my oblique’s when I made a 108 degree angle.

I worked out the height using a sketch (right): As you can see I made a triangle out of the kicking leg and support leg, and worked out the angle alpha by using this formula: Alpha = leg length SIN 18 degrees I needed then to work out the height, by subtracting the length Alpha from my support leg length: 70 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Leg length – Alpha = Height to kick.

Using a leg length of 1000mm (1 meter) I worked out I needed to raise the leg 691mm. I then marked out this height on a wall, kept my body vertical and started to raise the leg. Even though this height looked very low, without being able to alter the upper torso, I soon noticed that my core muscles were indeed in need of some work.

My total height is 1750mm divided by the golden ratio 1.618 gives me 1081.58.

Then 1750 – 1081.58 = 668.42mm (my golden ratio). It is very hard to measure exactly where the kicking leg hinges i.e its length, so my original 1000m could be a centimetre or so out.

I found it surprising that from my height divided by the golden ration it gives me practically (within 2cm’s) the same kicking height and an angle of 108 degree’s.

So in conclusion, if you work out your height, divide by 1.618 (golden number), then subtract that number from your original height, it will give you the height you need to raise your leg in order to give you a 108 degree angle between torso and kicking leg and hence an ascetically pleasing side kick torso position, or at least the angle the kickers above use, and in my opinion, a good looking kick.

I hope this article was of interest to you, and that you got something out of reading it.

The Promotion Test

Approaching a Belt Test with Enthusiasm and Passion

By Master Doug Cook

Chosun Black Belts Olga Pico (left) and Laura LoForese executing Il Su Sik at promotion test.

Six months ago, I had the supreme honor of testing for my 6th dan black belt at an examination officiated by martial arts legend, Grandmaster Richard Chun.

Looking back, the first time I stumbled into Kwanjangnim’s world was as a newlyminted yellow belt when I first read his always inspiring book Tae Kwon Do: The Korean Martial Art. Since then, I have trained under this man and his instructors for many, many years. And so, it was a distinct privilege to perform before him on a pleasant, spring day last June.

I have always been excited about the prospect of testing. I approach these events, now long in between, with great anticipation and when the welcomed day finally arrives, I do my utmost to exhibit

enthusiasm, precise technique and authentic martial spirit. I always treat the process as a celebration of my hardearned skills rather than with the apparent stress that characterizes a typical test in its truest sense.

Still, not everyone agrees with this outlook.

Many view a belt test, especially impatient parents, as an imposition of significant proportions. Why not simply present the student with a new belt during class when the instructor deems them ready? Why consume four or five hours out of a weekend, usually four times a year, when the average individual can barely find the time to attend weekly classes? Naturally, there are pros and cons to any process of this nature. Yet, depending on how the Totally Tae Kwon Do - 71

Consequently, belts of proper size and color, to be awarded at the completion of the test, are ordered well in advance and labeled with each student’s name.

Failure to execute any of the above For my part, I have procedures can officiated over a result in precious myriad of promotion minutes and even examinations and hours being added have learned how to to an already lengthy maximize the time process. While we allotted. To begin expect unremitting with, at the Chosun patience and T a e k w o n d o discipline from Academy, we students and always start our A panel of Chosun instructors officiating at test. spectators alike, we tests on schedule and move through the ranks efficiently reciprocate by demonstrating, through while maintaining the dignity of the example, that their time is unconditionally occasion. Not a moment is wasted with respected. mis d ir ect i on or Belt tests offer the unnecessary added advantage of repetition.

All bringing members techniques are together in a assigned their communal setting. proper count and a Since we provide comprehensive unlimited classes, agenda is followed students frequently to the letter. attend a diverse Generally, thirty to cross section of forty adult black sessions, often belts are present to never interfacing assist with with one another. command, control Subsequently, these and wood breaking. occasions partially Furthermore, the alleviate this sense vast majority of of division by uniting participants are black belts with color expected to pass belts, men with based on the fact women and adults that they have been with children. More invited to test only than once I have when it is clear that overheard neighbors they are sufficiently commenting that, in possession of even though they their required live in close t e c h n i q u e s . e v e n t i s administrated, to most students of the traditional martial arts, the benefits far outweigh any inconveniences that might materialize.

Preparing mentally through meditation prior to testing

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martial arts was originally instigated by Jigoro Kano, founder of judo, in the 1880s and propagated as were supplementary martial practices, by Kentsu Yabu and others during the infancy of the 20th century. Once this material symbol of Of course, an expression of community is achievement took hold, it naturally followed not the prime concern of a belt test – that a formula for granting promotion and precision performance under pressure is. awarding the appropriate belt would The promotion process by design mirrors develop. The contemporary model thus the brand of stress acts as a highly unique to most selfeffective barometer for defense scenarios proficiency carried out presuming the in a formalized setting practitioner is truly before a panel of under attack. judges. It has evolved Courage, tenacity and into a system of focus are required measurable goals; a w h e n b e i n g tradition, valued by scrutinized by a panel many, that extended of often unfamiliar throughout the black belt seniors formative years of tae stationed at a head kwon do within the table strictly for that halls of the Chung Do purpose.

Our Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan p r o m o t i o n and other primordial examinations routinely institutes right up to attract a few hundred the present.

Of students and course, the individual spectators and are elements that overseen by at least comprise a belt test six resident and guest can vary from school masters. Performing to school. However, as difficult technical was the case during maneuvers before an the 1950s at the Song Color Belts working to achieve their next ranking assemblage this large Moo Kwan in Korea, can often conjure fear and foreboding most dojangs featuring a comprehensive, bordering on panic in otherwise self- pure-form tae kwon do curriculum employ assured individuals. This reaction is more the promotion process to gauge skill in common than one would imagine. Yet, basics (kibon), forms (poomsae, hyung, after repeatedly experiencing the ritual of a tul), one and three-step sparring (il su sik/ test, coupled with the tension associated sam su sik), self-defense (ho sin sool), with it, even the most timid student begins sparring (kyorugi) and, finally, breaking to acclimate to the process and cultivate (kyuk pa); components representing the indomitable will; a life skill that can be virtual catalog of traditional tae kwon do. invoked in any situation where valor must trump adversity.

It is difficult to quantify the sense of achievement generated by a well-run belt It should be remembered that the belt test. Students invariably conclude exuding system currently used in tae kwon do, tang as sense of confidence and renewed soo do, karate-do and other classical enthusiasm. They eagerly await their next proximity, they were unaware both trained in tae kwon do and, what appears to be a coincidence, at the same school; bonds are realized and social networks established.

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Grandmaster Richard Chun, and author of three best-selling books entitled: Taekwondo…Ancient Wisdom for the Modern Warrior, Traditional Taekwondo - Core Techniques, H i s t o r y a n d Philosophy, and Taekwondo–A Path to Excellence, focusing on the rewards and virtues of tae kwon do, all published by YMAA of Boston. Master C o o k a n d Grandmaster Chun have just completed a new book on Original Master Doug Cook performs Ho Sin Sool and Kukki Koryo at his 6th Dan testing.

Master Doug Cook, a poomsae targeted for 6th dan black belt, is head instructor of the publication in 2013. He can be reached for Chosun Taekwondo Academy located in lectures, workshops or questions at Warwick, New York, a senior student of www.chosuntkd.com or info@chosuntkd.com.

class and the opportunity to learn new poomsae coupled with a d v a n c e d techniques.

The promotion process offers a vehicle for maintaining precision and passion for the art. But, above all, it provides a singular opportunity for the s t u d e n t t o demonstrate the true heart of tae kwon do and shine before their instructors, peers and family.

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What’s In A Name?

Fluid & Freedom

A Collection of Short Articles

By Dave Lomas Fluid Among the many terms and descriptions used within the martial arts the word fluid will be used from time to time. This is a very misunderstood term that many will think of as describing physical flexibility.

Unlike the training methods used to increase the range of movement in the body and most notably in the kicking legs, (physical flexibility), for the purpose of performing high kicks, being fluid is more a state of mind combined with adaptable fighting methods.

For many years karate was described as a rigid military style form of combat with the practitioner having to perform strikes and blocks with specific precision however this rigid form of fighting did not fully allow for the unpredictable moves of an opponent.

Kung fu styles by comparison back in those days were described or often referred to as soft and fluid. The word fluid in martial arts was not meaning as to how high someone could kick or how physically flexible the person was but a term to describe how adaptable the fighting

methods was against different opponents who would use various methods of fighting and the additional ability to flow from one technique to another in a smooth fluid way.

To use fluid methods of fighting also means the capability to 'move' in addition to blocks and strikes from one technique to the next without interruption or hesitation in the action.

The term 'soft' is also often misunderstood.

Some would think of soft fighting techniques as being slow or lacking in power but in fact this term is a reference to fighting techniques that are fast and flowing and gaining its power, not from muscle tension but, from the speed of the movements. A soft fighting technique, also referred to as a 'compliance technique' is also a method of redirecting an opponents attack instead of meeting force with force.

What’s In A Name?

There are those who for various reasons believe that one particular combat style is Totally Tae Kwon Do - 75

far more superior than the rest but often fail to realise that no matter what style of combat is practised it can only be as good as the time, skill and effort put in by the person that practices it. For those who practice one of the Chinese kung fu styles, for example, they will study and attempt to master the various fighting disciplines with a serious minded approach but unfortunately many will regard these fighting styles as a figure of fun or think that learning some of the various combat styles, like kung fu, is only suitable for children.

Due to the immense popularity of the Chinese kung fu styles back in the 1970's many people used this popular subject for comedy routines and sketch shows within radio and t e l e v i s i o n programmes and although there was nothing wrong or disrespectful in doing this it did, to a degree, lessen the true nature and seriousness of not only the Chinese kung fu styles but also many of the other combat arts.

If any of the combat arts became a focus of fun or was portrayed as being an activity that is playful and entertaining for young children then people would start to think that it was not a serious combat art for adults and will seek instruction within one of the other combat styles that does not have this childish or comical reputation.

Over the years many of the combat arts have become less fashionable with karate being popular one minute and then kickboxing the next but this change in 76 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

trends and tastes is often to do with the name of a particular style and the image and reputation that goes with it. In truth it is all an illusion when it comes to thinking that the name of one fighting style is better than the name of another. Thinking that kickboxing or the world famous Jeet Kune Do style that the late Bruce Lee developed is more superior than the other combat styles, based on just the name of that particular style of fighting alone, is simply no more than a misleading illusion but there will always be people that judge the various combat arts solely on the image of a name and not what it really stands for.

You could easily compare this situation with the various brand names of a tin of soup for example.

Although there are variations in the quality and taste, many people will simply select a tin of soup purely on the name of the product. To truly assess the benefits and practicality of any martial art style can only be done by studying the technical and teaching methods involved and not just by the image of the name. If a student was trained in the famous 'Jeet Kune Do' style but was no good at it, or the instructor was not very good at teaching the techniques then no matter how famous or good this particular style of combat may be the student and the instructor would still be substandard.

Freedom Attending a martial arts class every week is

something that many take for granted and in addition would never think that going to a training session could result in being beaten, arrested or even killed but in other parts of the world the practice of the fighting arts could, and often does, result in being arrested or even killed without legal trial by not only rival gangs but also by 'government hired thugs' and their very own corrupt police force. The practice of the martial arts in certain parts of the world is regarded as a threat to those in power for a number of reasons. Some would regard the practice of the martial arts as a form of rebellion a g a i n s t authority or a secret way of practising subversive ideologies, in any event, there are those who fear any group or group activity in the belief that they may attempt to alter their beliefs, rules and cultural values.

There are many people who are ruled under a dictatorship that does not allow them the freedom to speak openly or the freedom to express themselves in the form of literature, physical expression or belief.

Such activities and the individuals involved are often seen as a threat to those who will do anything to hold on to their power, (and money), even to the point of imprisoning or killing someone who dares to defy them to ensure their continued control over others.

Political activist's who seek change and those who practice religious beliefs are often the main targets of the oppressor's but those who practice the combat arts are

also seen as a real threat. Those who practice the combat arts are often seen by the oppressor's as having a secret agenda and think that they are not just learning the fighting arts for sport or personal selfdefence but also for the specific purpose of developing the physical skills needed to overthrow those in power by force, if need be.

Often the rulers of the country will pay specific attention to these group activities and in many cases will arrest and imprison such group members to deter them from f u r t h e r organizing their efforts into a real threat. If a group is practising the martial arts that further involves political, social, cultural or religious values then this type of group will suffer not only arrests and beatings but also the risk of death. Keeping in mind that the r u l i n g oppressor's themselves may have used such methods to gain control over others in the past there are two groups of combat trained fighters that should be kept in mind. There are those who practice the combat arts to terrorise others and there are those who practice how to fight to free their homes and country from invading oppressors. The old saying that one mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter is something to think about. It is therefore well worth remembering that taking for granted the right to attend a martial art training session is a luxury that not everyone can enjoy.

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The Will is a Muscle

By F. M. Van Hecke “Self-Control” is one of the Tenets of Taekwon-Do. Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do, Choi, Hong Hi (4th Edition, Vol. 1, pg. 16). The purpose of this article is to take a look in more depth at this principle and posit how a study of practical human psychology reinforces the concept.

[The author is well aware that self-control figures mightily in oft-quoted portions of Gen. Choi’s essay on Moral Culture (ibid., pp. 45-67) and aphorisms found in his Moral Guide Book.

Their repetition recogniz es their aptness but does not a d v a n c e understanding anew.]

children can fruitfully be taught as young as four and one-half, but that is not the norm.

Instructors are often induced by the market to take children younger and younger.

The author has had inquiries from mothers of children as young as three as to the All Taekwon-Do possibilities of instructors who work matriculating a course with children deal of study. Instructors with emerging s h o u l d a s k maturity.

Many themselves whether, instructors set a u n d e r s u c h threshhold age for circumstances, they studies in serious are willing to be martial arts.

Our honest, and experiences over the potentially lose these last four decades of future clients to instructing children somebody who will, and adults are that indeed, dress the the serious study of children up in cute martial arts (the uniforms and have ability through Individual Discipline - The author's student Fourth attention and practice Dan Paul Hebein with reverse knife-hand downward them break “boards” and play games with to conform bodily strike loud “ki-yahs,” in actions to a model to achieve correct technique over time and effect creating an organized play the integration of correct technique into experience. (Perhaps the instructor can complex iterations) requires the run such a play experience, but he should achievement of the age of six. If attention be candid with the parent as to what he is can be focused through the prisms of providing.) parental encouragement. “teaming” with a parent or older sibling, or truly excellent The problem with children’s focus is and individualized instruction, some mirrored by many in adult life and arises Totally Tae Kwon Do - 79

For Beginners - Younger and newer students of the author pose with their faculty (back row) after a test at Grafton, Wisconsin. (The author is bearded.)

from the absence of self-control. In the case of children the problem is a result of an immature understanding of temporality, and in both children and adults on an inability to exercise judgment in assessing the value of an immediate gratification.

Of considerable interest in this regard is the famous “Stanford Marshmallow Experiment.” In 1972 Walter Mischel of Stanford University, using four to six year old children, conducted an experiment in which the child was told he could eat a marshmallow (or cookie, or pretzel) placed in front of him right away, or if the child could wait a period of time receive two.

A few of the children ate the treat immediately. Only a third of the four to six year olds were able to “hold on” for the treat. (The experiment has been hilariously 80 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

re-created on YouTube.) As you might expect, chronological age was a significant factor in the achievement of a second treat.

The more interesting data arise from follow -ups done on the same children 16 and more years later. Those children who delayed gratification tended to be more successful in several respects, including achieving higher SAT scores!

Adults who delay gratification by, for example, saving money rather than spending, curbing the appetites for food, for sweets, or for other forms of gratification, are, in the experience of the author, often more successful in achieving positive outcomes.

Impulse control disorders, addictions, antisocial and borderline personality disorders are psychological disorders often associated

with a poor capacity to delay gratification.

As may be such common human problems as divorce, poverty, assaultive behavior and legal difficulty.

The infamous B.F. Skinner (of “Skinner Box” fame) posits numerous approaches to modification of behavior, including such readily apparent things as satiation, manipulation of emotional constructs, deprivation, alteration of stimuli, punishment, reward, and so on.

Jeffrey Kluger, in “Lent and the Science of Self-Denial,” (Time Ideas, February 23, 2012) says that there are hidden benefits to the ritualized self-denial of Lent, Ramadan or Yom Kippur. He states that willpower is a quality increasingly seen as cultivatable.

Impulse control and the executive decision-making functions are found in the pre-frontal cortex, and exercise and meditation increase neuron density in that area of the brain.

Says Kluger, “Prohibitions against shellfish and pork in Jewish homes may have

begun long ago with health concerns over the cleanliness of both foods, but modern inspections have effectively eliminated that worry.

Still when you can pass up bacon....that same facility with discipline can be applied to other areas of your life.”

So for many years, I had, without an understanding of psychological studies or other thought in the area, a regular dialogue with my students every two or three years: Master VH: How many of you have been offered some candy in the last two weeks?

(Show of hands, almost unanimous.)

Master VH: How many of you said, “No, thank you.”

(Nobody.)

Master VH: I would suggest that once in a while you should say no to the candy.

Why? (Sometimes the children’s answers to this question can be a lot of fun.)

And Advanced - A Black Belt Test at the School of Classical Taekwon-do at Crystal Lake, Illinois. The "book ends" are, left, Seventh Dan Braxton Miller, and, right, the author

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Master VH: Here’s why I think you should-you want it, and it’s good, but there’s something better. What’s better?

(These answers can be even more hilarious, and, of course, will involve puppies or their equivalents.)

hours straight. You can work for years and buy the car you want, or you can defer the car you want and send your own children to college. You can do a lot if your willpower is strong. But you will be lost and wrapped up in the little things, or the wrong things, if you can’t say no to them.

Master VH: I’ll tell you what’s better, is being able to say no and doing so just to be able to do so.

(Generally, the responses range from, “What?” to “I don’t get it.”)

Master VH: When you said no, you exercised your will. You were the boss.

You were in control, and you were in control of the most important thing, you were in control of yourself.

And even though you might have wanted the candy, you made sure your desire for the candy was not stronger than your decision not to have it. Why is that important?

(Various answers.)

The subject matter is, of course, far deeper than this dialogue. Self-control is relevant to more than simple behavior.

Self-control can extend beyond behaviors to control emotions, esthetics, desires.

They, in turn, can reflect themselves in behavioral change.

Hebein's breaks for the day add up

Master VH: The reason that’s important is because you made a decision, maybe not even a really, really hard decision, to control yourself even when you wanted something else, something little. What you did was exercise will-power. Just a little.

But Will is like a muscle. The more you exercise it, the stronger it becomes.

Eventually you can go from little things, like turning down a Lemonhead, to turning down a whole candy bar. If you can turn down a whole candy bar, you can turn down even harder things to turn down.

If you exercise a lot, you can go from ten pushups to a hundred, and from controlling life in little things to controlling your life in big things. So you can study for eight 82 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Gen. Choi talked about Self-Control, which is one of the Tenets of TaekwonDo. He knew that all great things are accomplished by the application of great willpower, great control.

Control puts you in charge, and gets you where you know you should be. So exercise self-control, and you will find, when you are older, that happy people are self -controlled people, and you, because of all that exercise, are happy, too.

If, for example, I do not see the beauty in a salad for lunch, one can utilize many of Skinner’s techniques to make it appear beautiful and, eventually, be beautiful to the extent that beauty is a subjective reference. The soldier, cold, wet and miserable in a foxhole, can tell him often enough of the importance of his work (and the comfort of a foxhole as opposed to even greater exposure) to appreciate the foxhole.

In choosing self-control, one chooses happiness.

Basic Steps in the Opinions of Professional Coach Trainers Polish Taekwon-do Level II-VII Dan1

By Zbigniew Bujak2, Stefan Litwiniuk2, Christopher Selwa3

Typical situation in Taekwon-do competition (autor K.Rozwadowska)

Summary Knowing the importance of practical training in key areas of action coach, you rationally plan and implement the training.

This is particularly important for such an extensive martial arts, what is taekwondo.

Aim of this study was to investigate the importance of the different professional activities in the opinions of coaches (n=38) on a championship level of technical sophistication (II-VII Dan). Use of a questionnaire containing a list of 20 basic activities of a coach. It was found that the highest rank awarded directing the preparation of tactical and technical rider.

Top rated activities formed a group of six

areas that determine taekwondo ITF.

success

in

Introduction Despite the very long history, the Korean Taekwondo has gained great fame and popularity in the world of martial arts and Olympic sports. They are characterized by competing in ITF version, helped to popularize the system of formal competition, special techniques and tests of strength. The attractiveness of these forms of competition, resulted in increased levels of sport and technical players.

Competition fighting in the formula touch contact, reflected among others in kickTotally Tae Kwon Do - 83

boxing (semi and light contact), acting in an intermediate level between a conventional battle, and full-contact.

Olympic Taekwondo next to the Japanese judo, to lead the Far Eastern varieties melee among the typical sports, expanding the possibilities of competition of a direct contact to the Olympic arena.

Taekwondo ITF in Poland is growing rapidly, and the high level of athletic performance thanks to a democratic system of governance federation Professional activities of a taekwon-do instructor - targeting pupils at the event (www.tkd.lewart.pl) and original thought coaching. Areas of action coach to ITF taekwondo can be Materials And Methods characterized by 20 professional activities. The study involved 38 holders of grade II Focus on selected, and lower value placed VII Dan, whose characteristics are on the other, are about the effects of summarized in Table 1. The subjects are training. Nowadays, people look forward to people over 25, living in different regions of spectacular successes, achieved relatively the Polish and having the power to work quickly and without much effort. Balancing with children, youth and adults. The between these factors, requires first of all average training duration of respondents trainer knowledge and intuition, and over 12 years, while working as an sometimes just luck. instructor at least 5 years indicate the experience and knowledge of The efficiency of the coach were involved taekwondo. (See Table 1) in such Gilbert and Jackson (2004), effects on behavior and satisfaction of athletes The study used a questionnaire containing Baker et al. (2003), modeling the roles a a list of 20 basic activities of a coach, player Gilbert and Trudel (2004), feedback which was imparted by the respondents loops resulting from the impact of research rank: on the practice of training Hughes (2008).

1 - transaction is very important 2 - an important step In the context of sporting success, 3 - an activity not important organizational trainers and training Polish 4 - void function (Table 2).

Taekwondo ITF, it is essential to know how to value things professional activities It uses the basic statistics, Spearman rank and whether the level of technical correlation coefficient and Ward's cluster training is different rank these activities. analysis method.

Groups studied

Number of respondents (n)

Age,studied

Training age

(years, x ±sd)

(years, x ±sd)

II – III dan

31

26,7±6,5

12,2±4,8

4,9±5,4

IV – VII dan

7

39,9±6,2

24,3±6,4

13,9±8,7

Table 1. Characteristics of the study 84 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Training-school age (years, x ± sd)

Each of the 20 activities of a coach taekwondo an average rating in terms of importance: 1 - very important, 2 - important, 3 - less important, 4 - invalid 1. Management of physical preparation 2. Directing the preparation of tactical 3. Management of technical preparation 4. Directing the preparation of volitional players 5. Targeting the theoretical preparation of the players

6. Targeting pupils at the event 7. Control of the training process and the state of

Professional activities of a taekwon-do instructor instructing the students during the competition (www.tkd.lewart.pl)

the athlete's body

8. Supervision of the progress of pupils in school

Results

education

9. The organization and judging competitions 10. Organization of educational work in the group 11. Organization of educational work in the group 12. The organization process of renewal and

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

WCh Seniors Ech Seniors

5

5

/26.

/25.

/24.

/23.

/22.

/21.

/20.

/19.

/18.

/17.

XVII/16.

XVI/15.

XV/14.

XIV/13.

XIII/12.

XII/11.

XI/10.

X/9.

IX/8.

VIII/7.

VII/6.

VI/5.

V/4.

IV/3.

III/2.

0 II/1.

0

Medal's Europe Championships

30

I

Medal's World Chamiponships

Polish athletes competing effects of taekwondo ITF, expressed as the number of medals at World and European Championships (Fig. 1), the clear upward relaxation trend in the initial phase (years 1980 13. Planning the process of preparing athletes 1990), or stabilized, providing a gain 14. Raising the personal culture sports proficiency in the preparation of athletes 15. Conducting research to the scientific-methodical and good mastery of the workshop trainer.

16. Record keeping and reporting 17. Recruiting to training groups and selection Breakdown of respondents to a lower 18. Preparing instructors and judges master's degrees (II-III dan) and higher 19. Solving organizational problems related to (IV to VII Dan) provided insightful look at training the issue of competence coaches 20. Providing first aid taekwondo.

In Poland, the dan grade IV cannot be achieved until after about 11 Table 2. Summary of the basic activities of a years of systematic training, so this group coach taekwondo (Sterkowicz et al. 2001) of respondents have more experience and more likely to be able to validate its

Nr competitions

Fig. 1. The number of medals won by the Poles in the top class of taekwondo Totally Tae Kwon Do - 85

1-20 marks as in table 2.

3,00

2,50

Arithmetic mean

2,00

1,50

1,00

II-III dan

0,50

IV-VII dan

0,00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Professional activities of a taekwon-do ITF instructor

Fig. 2. Comparison of mean values allocated to the professional activities by the holders of coach education and lower-level technical.

approach to training.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Rank

Comparing the values assigned to each professional activities, the greatest difference was noted in terms of recruitment to training and selection groups (Fig. 2). Trainers II-III dan recognized as the most important player directing technical preparation (rank 1) and the planning process of preparing the players (rank 2). In their opinion is invalid, the organization and judging competitions (rank 20) and carrying out research into the scientific-methodological (rank 19).

Trainers having IV-VII dan recognized as

the most important player directing the preparation of tactical (rank 1) and directing the preparation of the Technical (rank 2).

As a matter of the training process identified taekwondo research to the scientific-methodological (rank 20) and supervise the students in school education (rank 19) - Fig.3. By analyzing the similarity of beliefs of both groups, it was found that the views of trainers II-III and IV dan – VII dan were consistent (rSP correlation coefficient = 0.74, p<0.001).

Cluster analysis allows to distinguish three groups of activities among the holders

Scientific and methodology research Supervising the progress of the students’ school edu.

Preparing documentation and reporting Organization of sports camps Organization of competitions and umpiring Problem solving in terms of training organization Supervising theoretical training of competitors First aid Organization of regeneration and leisure Instructing the students during the competition Organization of educational activities in a group Planning the competitors’ preparation process Supervising volitional condition of competitors Supervising general fitness Training of instructors and umpires Improving the competitors’ personal conduct S. the train. process & the condit. of the competitor’s body Recruitment and selection for training classes Supervising technical training Supervising tactical training 0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2

2,2

2,4

2,6

Arithmetic mean

Fig. 3. Rank and average values of basic activities in the opinions of professional trainers dan IV-VII 86 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

1-20 marks as in table 2.

1 3 13 2 7 4 19 10 11 14 12 17 5 18 6 20 8 15 16 9 0

5

10

15

20

Fig. 4. Dendrogram activities of a coach taekwondo among the holders of II-III dan

of II-III dan and 4 groups among the more advanced - Fig. 4 and 5 The first group among the lower levels of the complex formed five steps: preparation of the management of physical (rank 4) and technical rider (rank 1), the planning process of preparing the players (rank 3), directing the preparation of tactical (rank 2) and control the training process and the condition of the athlete's body (rank 5). The second group consisted of 11 steps for ranks 6 – 16 and the third group consisted of four steps for ranks 17-20.

1-20 marks as in table 2.

Among the more advanced technical, the first group consists of seven basic steps for ranks 7-13. The second group consists of six steps of the highest ranks: managing the preparation of tactical player (rank 1), and directing the preparation of technical (rank 2), leading to the recruitment and selection training groups (rank 3), process control and training of the athlete's body (rank 4), improving the manners athletes (rank 5), and preparation of trainers and 1-20 marks as in table 2.

1 11 13 4 6 12 20 2 3 7 14 18 17 5 10 19 9 16 8 15 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Fig. 5. Dendrogram activities of a coach among the holders of IV-VII dan taekwondo Totally Tae Kwon Do - 87

judges (rank 6). Formed the third group of five steps for ranks 14-18, while the fourth group of two professional activities with the least importance or supervise the pupils in school education (rank 19) and carrying out research into the scientificmethodological (rank 20).

Professional activities of a taekwon-do instructor preparing documentation and reporting (www.tkd.lewart.pl)

Discussion of Results and Conclusions The results of poles in the international sporting competition at the Olympic version is not taekwondo, testify to their competence and good discernment in basic activities of professional coaching. Coaches at the level of black belt recognizing that managing the technical and tactical preparation of the most important steps in the training of taekwondo, are aware of the richness of fighting te ch n i qu e s, w hi ch ar e characterized taekwondo martial arts considered in accordance with theoretical assumptions (Choi 1965). The organization and judging competitions and conducting research into the scientific-methodical treated as areas that should be dealt with other professionals and they have no direct impact on the effects of training.

However, research on the workout taekwondo is not only possible to assign 88 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

to others. Trainers must be actively involved in the process of developing the theoretical foundations of training, which increases the chances of developing an effective training program (Bompa, Haff 2009).

Division of 38 subjects presented because of the level of technological advancement, showed statistically significant differences (p <0.05) within the training experience and length of employment as a trainer. More advanced, a 14-year experience in conducting training, the most important in his work directing the preparation considered tactical and technical trainees and conducting recruitment for the new groups and selection during the training process. This is an area of activities having a direct impact on the adaptation of posttraining and training effectiveness. This approach to training is consistent with the presented in judo (Sterkowicz 1999) and ju -jitsu (Sterkowicz 1998). Also in the Olympic taekwondo (own unpublished studies) coaches declare similar views.

Two areas of action coach ITF taekwondo (improving individual culture and preparation of workshop participants and staff instructor judges) are clearly distinguishable taekwondo ITF from other combat sports (boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling Olympic). So in the context of the major activities of a coach, contemporary taekwondo ITF is considered and should be viewed as a conglomeration of a typical sport martial arts and selfdefense with Asian roots. To determine the main objectives of the coaches in their training and influence the choice of management style athletes (Martens 2004), and the results of a competition or other tests (such as technical examinations) verify the efforts.

The differences in the assessment of 20 core activities of a coach between the holders of II-III and IV dan -VII dan, although there were, it turned out to be not statistically significant at p <0.05.

Having been given the highest rank that

Professional activities of a taekwon-do instructor - supervising theoretical training of competitors

individual areas of activities coach ITF taekwondo can be said that the successes of both the sport and the training is determined by: • • • • •

Managing the tactical and technical preparation (ranks 1 and 2); Conduct recruitment to training groups and selection (rank 3); Process control training and exercising of the body (rank 4); Improving the manners workshop participants (rank 5); Preparing instructors and judicial staff (rank 6).

References Baker, J., Yardley, J., & Côté, J. (2003). Coach behaviors and athlete satisfaction in team and individual sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 34: 226-239.

Bompa T.O., Haff G.G. (2009) Periodyzation.

Theory and Methodology of Training. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois.

Choi H.H. (1965) Taekwon-do. The Korean Art of Self-Defence. Daeha Pub. Co., Seoul.

Gilbert W. & Jackson C. (2004) In Search of an Effective Coaching Style. American College of S p o r t s M e d i c i n e (http:coaching.usolympicteam.com/coaching/ kpub.nsf/v/5Dec04).

Gilbert, W. D., & Trudel, P. (2004). Role of the coach: How model youth team sport coaches frame their roles. The Sport Psychologist, 18: 21-43.

Hughes M. (2008) From Analysis to Coaching - The Need for Objective Feedback. (www. c o a c h e s i n f o . c o m / i n d e x . p h p ? option=com_content&id=305&Itemid=170).

Martens R. (2004). Successful Coaching - Third Edition. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics.

Strekowicz S. (1998) Ju-jitsu. Wybrane aspekty sztuki walki obronnej. AWF, Kraków.

Sterkowicz S. (1999) Czynności zawodowe trenera judo [W:] Sterkowicz S. (red.) Czynności zawodowe trenera w sportach walki. AWF, Kraków : 5-8.

Sterkowicz S., Biskup L., Ambroży T. (2001) Czynności zawodowe trenera w zapasach i gimnastyce. W: Sterkowicz S. (red.) Czynności Totally Tae Kwon Do - 89

zawodowe trenera i problemy badawcze w sportach walki. Kraków: Zeszyty Naukowe nr 38 AWF: 7-16.

About authors:

the

Dr. Zbigniew Bujak, VII Dan taekwon-do, a championship coach, author and co-author of six books on the Korean Martial Art, and many scientific articles. An employee of the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw, vice president of the Polish T a e k w o n - do Association. Taekwon-do training in 1982, and since 1987 has worked as an instructor. Trained athletes succeed both in competition taekwon-do and kickboxing.

Education in Warsaw, the head of the Department of Theory of Sport and Sport for the Disabled. Since 1985 he has cooperated with the Polish Taekwon-do Association as a lecturer at numerous courses and seminars. Supervised many master's theses, whose subjects were combat sports.

Mr. Christopher Selwa, I dan taekwon-do since 1989. Actualy present 3th degree and practice taekwon-do ITF in Orginal Taekwon-do Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. 1

The work done within the Research School of Physical Education No. Professional activities of a taekwon-do instructor after fight (www.tkd.lewart.pl) IIIB/34 own.

2 Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in the Biała Podlaska, J.Piłsudski UPE Warsaw, Poland 3 Members of Orginal Taekwon-do Center, Dr. Stefan Litwiniuk academic teacher of Physical Brooklyn, NY, USA

90 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

The Clock Drill

By Earl Weiss Purpose: To familiarize students with a (certainly not all encompassing) variety of efficient movements for attack, evasion, and counterattack.

Fundamentals: I. A. Students must visualize themselves as being at the center of a clock dial.

B. A basic Sparring stance is used with one foot in front and the other to the rear and slightly to the side (not directly behind). Make sure students practice with both a left and right lead foot stance.

C. C. The foot that is closest to the direction you will move toward moves first. If you are moving; • • • I.B. Basic Sparring Stance

C1. Start

•

1. …forward the lead moves first and the rear foot catches up.

2. …rearward, the rear foot moves first and the lead foot catches up.

3. …to the right, the right foot moves first, (irrespective if it is the lead or rear foot).

4. ...to the left, the left foot moves first, (irrespective if it is the lead or rear foot).

C1. Lead foot moves

C1. Rear Foot Catches Up.

View above photos from Right to left – For C.2. Movement stated above.

Totally Tae Kwon Do - 91

C3 Start

C 3 Right Foot moves first

C3 Left Foot catches up.

View above Photos from Right to left for C4 Movement.

II. First Level exercise. For this level, the instructor calls out a number on the clock dial and the student moves, to that number and returns to center in the manner outlined in I.C. above. Examples: A. “12”: Lead foot moves to “12” rear foot catches up, and then immediately return to center position by first moving the rear foot and then the lead foot.

B. “6”: Rear foot moves to “6” and lead foot catches up, and then immediately return to center position by first moving the lead foot and then the rear foot.

C. “9”: Left foot moves to “9” and right foot catches up, and then immediately return to center position by first moving the right foot and then the left foot catches up.

D. “3” I think by now you have the idea! Don’t forget the 1,2,4,5,7,8,10, & 11 angles.

E. Use A through D above adding hand and / or foot techniques.

III. Second level exercise: Students move to the number in the same fashion but do not return to center. Instead, after the movement they must then once again picture themselves as if they are in the center of the clock dial. (Or as one of my students put it; it’s as if the clock moved with them.) Examples: A. 12-3-6-9 would return them to the start position. This instruction would have a pause between the numbers, giving the next number after the first move was completed.

B. 12,3,6,9, would again return them to the start position, but the instruction would be “compound” with no pause and requiring continuous motion through the four moves.

C. Use A & B above adding appropriate hand and foot techniques.

III. A. Start

92 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

12:00

3:00

6:00

9:00

IV. Third Level exercise; the pivot: A. The lead foot pivot. For this exercise the lead foot remains in its spot except for a pivoting motion. The rear foot moves to the number, not lengthening or shortening the stance, just altering the angle.

B. Consider the rear foot to be in the center of the clock dial. It remains in that spot except for a pivoting motion. The lead foot moves to the number, not lengthening or shortening the stance, just altering the angle.

C. Use A & B above adding appropriate hand and foot techniques.

A..1 Start Position

A.2. 3:00

A3. 9:00

Variations on the above are limited only by your imagination and your willingness to make your students crazy if you get too creative. Say for example combining one or more levels. You wouldn’t do that. Would you?

Many thanks to: Photo I.B:. – Frank Swing – 1st Gup / Photos For I.C: Jake Weiss –II Dan / Photos for III.: George Paweleck - IV Dan / Photos fo IV: Joy Anderson – 1st Gup.

Totally Tae Kwon Do - 93

Jackie Chan’s

1911, Revolution Review By Mark Iles

I’ll put my hands up and say that I’m an avid Jackie Chan fan, his humour and fighting skills are a huge box office draw, so I looked forward with anticipation to this, his 100th film.

Also starring BingBing Li and Winston Chao and Joan Chen this held the promise of what could have been a fantastic movie, but for me, wasn’t. It’s not the fact that there are none of Jackie’s humorous antics, or the breath taking martial arts scenes that made him famous; this is, after all, a drama.

Perhaps it because the timeline jumps back and forth, and the missing information is often filled in by annoying captions that appear on the screen.

The film is about Sun Yat Sen’s rise to power during the Chinese revolution in 1911, and the fall of the Qing Dynasty. It starts with Sun in San Francisco raising funds and planning the Guangzhou uprising.

Jackie, playing Huang Xing, is sent to China to lead the revolution while Sun Yat Sen heads to Europe to thwart the Qing Dynasty’s attempt to secure a loan to help their war effort. Sun knows that if they succeed the revolution is at risk.

The tale itself is an excellent one, the filming and scenery superb, but sadly it didn’t fulfil the promise of what could have been a really good film.

94 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

Problems With Korean And English Terminology

By Sanko Lewis Do you use Korean terminology or English terminology in your dojang? Does it make a difference? In this essay I look at some problems with using Korean terminology, especially when pronounced incorrectly, and then at some problems with using English terminology.

Tae Kwon Do in Hangul

The Problem With Using Korean Terminology

Korean characters and know how to read them.

Looking at “sabum” [사범], the Korean word for instructor – how do you pronounce that “u”? Are you pronouncing it sa-boom? sa-bam? sabom? The latter is probably closer to the correct pronunciation. How about “gup” [급], meaning your rank? Do you pronounce the “u” as an “ah” or as an “oo”? Neither is correct. Actually the vowel in “gup” doesn't exist in English. The closest is probably the article “a”, as in “I'm a man,” but pronounced with your jaw closed more and the corners of your lips pulled back in a wide fake smile. The “u” in the words sabum, gup and Dan-Gun is each pronounced differently in Korean. In each of these words, “u” is used to represent a completely different vowel sound [어] [으] [우]. Of course, the typical non-Korean Taekwon-Do practitioner has no idea that this is the case and if they knew that there actually is a difference, they cannot tell how the “u” ought to be pronounced differently, unless they can find the original

The problem is that there is no absolute standard for romanization of Korean characters into English—“romanization” means to transliterate the Korean characters into the Latin characters that we use in English. Because there is no absolute standard, different people use different systems to romanize Korean into English, hence the “u” is used differently by different people. The “u” could represent / oo/ like in “pool” or /ah/ as in “bucket” or /o/ as in “gone” and so on. Since non-Korean speakers are not sure how to interpret the “u” they pronounce it any which way. This does not only apply to the “u”, many other romanized characters are equally unclear.

The result is that the Korean terminology of Taekwon-Do techniques are often pronounced terribly wrong. This is quite unfortunate because the reason we use Korean terminology in the first place is in order to have one set of terminology that everybody, regardless of their personal language, can understand. Theoretically Totally Tae Kwon Do - 95

The 5th Tenet in Hangul

one should be able to join any dojang anywhere in the world and still be able to participate because we use the same terminology; however, if the terminology is pronounced differently, then that defeats the purpose of using Korean in the first place.

The problem is increased by the fact that the English version of the ITF Encyclopaedia is inconsistent. A technique may be spelled in English one way on one page and then differently a few pages later.

While there exists about four or more romanization standards, the ITF Encyclopaedia is not consistently using any specific one of these. Furthermore, the romanization standards are not intuitive; one cannot just look at how the words are romanized and pronounce them correctly.

You first have to spend some time studying the romanization system. In my opinion, if you are going to spend time figuring out how to pronounce your romanization system of choice, you can just as well spend that time on learning Hangeul, the Korean alphabet. Unfortunately this doesn't solve the problem as most people will be using romanizations and you may still have to write techniques in romanized form for the benefit of those that cannot read Hangeul.

What's the solution? Well, if there was one unified international Taekwon-Do body, it could have decided on a single romanization system. This would have ensured standardization and even if people pronounced things wrong, at least they would have pronounced it wrong together, and thus still be communicable. I strongly 96 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

suggest that national governing bodies ought to at least decide on a specific romanization system for their countries.

For myself, I have committed to learn Hangeul (it is really easy, just do it), to at least ensure that I personally pronounce the techniques correctly. I've also decided on one romanization system. I use the Revised Romanization of Korean (RRK), currently used as the official system for South Korea. While I don't think it is perfect, it is nevertheless a good standard that is not too difficult to learn and easier to apply than some of the other systems. It also reflects the consonants better than most other systems and is plain ASCII text friendly (it doesn't require breves and other diacritics). Although I do try to consistently use the RRK, I've decided to retain the old spelling of names; for instance, according to this system "Taekwon-Do" ought to be spelled "Taegwon-Do." It may be a better reflection of the pronunciation, but I am too used to the old spelling, so that TaegwonDo seems terribly unsightly. Apart from such familiar spelling of names, I usually try to keep to the RRK's suggestions. I've also acquired the Korean version of the ITF Taekwon-Do Condensed Encyclopaedia (ITF Taekwon-Do Bible). With this I can look up the correct Korean spelling of all the techniques to ensure that I'm pronouncing them correctly. Finally, I ask Koreans. Of course, seeing as I live in Korea this is easier for me to do than for most, but if you have access to a Korean speaker, this is probably the easiest way to ensure that you at least pronounce the terminology properly.

The Problem With Using English Terminology In the previous section I pointed out some problems with the use of Korean by nonKorean speakers. One might think that since so many people mispronounce the Korean terminology, making international communication irrelevant, it might be best to just do away with the Korean terminology and instead use English only, or whichever language your mother-tongue may be. In this section I hope to persuade you that there is value in learning the Korean terminology after all.

When General Choi Hong-Hi, the principle founder of Taekwon-Do, wrote the first Taekwon-Do books, he did something quite remarkable. He broke away from the old tradition of giving techniques symbolic names like “weaving clouds”, “pulling the dragon's tale”, “crouching tiger”, and so on, or terms based on Chinese characters.

Instead of using abstract descriptions relying on visual imagery or Chinese iconography, he replaced them with clear technical descriptions in everyday language. Horse-riding stance became sitting stance. Tiger claw became open hand or open fist. While a small handful of symbolic terms were still retained, for the most part the terms became obviously technical rather than symbolic. It is important to remember that the context of Taekwon-Do's development was the military where there is little room for poetic descriptions. His emphasis on clear technical terminology was part of his agenda to make Taekwon-Do a martial art based on scientific principles, applicable for military combat use. The great thing about this is that it took away ambiguity.

There is no uncertainty as to what is meant with a “front fore-fist punch”.

From an understanding of the original Korean terms, I have been able to get a very clear understanding of the technicality of many a technique. Unfortunately the translation of these technical terms into English have been sadly unsatisfactory.

Direct translations are not necessarily always most appropriate. Sometimes, I think, alternative English substitutes could work better. A direct translation from Korean for one's “instep” is “back of the foot.” While we can figure out what “back of the foot” means, based on our understanding of “back of the hand,” the commonly accepted English word “instep” is most appropriate. Unfortunately the early translations of terminology from Korean to English very often attempted direct translations that ended up sounding odd, rather than more appropriate translations that would have communicated the original idea better.

Although many techniques have been translated correctly, a bunch of techniques have not been translated with equal accuracy. Take for instance the “hooking block.” As I explained in my article devoted to this block (Totally Tae Kwon Do, Issue #22), “hooking” is an unfortunate translation of the Korean verb. A better translation would have been “covering block” or “wiping block”. The confusion is further compiled when you are confronted with two different kicks, both claiming to “hook.” Or consider, for example, the use of “reverse” in “reverse knife-hand block” and “reverse turning kick”. In neither case is “reverse” the best English translation for the respective Korean words. In the first case, the Korean word here is “back” or “backside” (i.e. backside of the knife-hand) and in the second it is “opposite” (i.e. inverted turning kick / a turning kick that moves in the opposite direction). (See my exposition on confusing kicking terminology in Totally Tae Kwon Do, Issue #26.)

To really understand a technique, I am of the opinion that you have to learn the Korean term for it; not merely learning how to pronounce it in Korean, but actually understand its meaning. The English names are sometimes badly translated, so knowledge of the actual Korean term may often give you better or deeper Totally Tae Kwon Do - 97

understanding of the technique.

To research the meaning of a Korean word you obviously need to be able to use a Korean dictionary. One can, for instance, use online dictionaries like Google Translate or the dictionary of a Korean search engine like Naver (http:// endic.naver.com). Of course, to make use of a Korean-English dictionary you should know basic hangeul (it is easy to learn!).

Again, Korean friends with a good command of English can also help you to make sense of the meaning of TaekwonDo terminology.

An important thing is not to assume that the English terms are proper. Whenever a term is confusing (for instance, why is it called "reverse side-kick" rather than "spinning side-kick"?) or make use of visual imagery (for instance "axe kick" or "hammer fist strike"—it ought to be "downward kick" and "side-fist strike"), chances are the English translation is not optimal.

98 - Totally Tae Kwon Do

To conclude, learning (and understanding) the Korean terminology will give you deeper insight into techniques.

Furthermore, the ability to pronounce the Korean terminology correctly build international bridges when people from different countries and languages come together to train. As a foreigner that teach Taekwon-Do in Korea, I am terribly thankful that my instructor forced me to study the Korean terminology. Even though I don't speak Korean fluently, I am still able to comfortably facilitate a Taekwon-Do class to Korean practitioners using English with Korean instructions. ...ooOoo...

Sanko Lewis is a 4th Dan in ITF Taekwon-Do and 2nd Dan in Hapkido. He is Research-EducationMarketing-and-Information Director for the SA-ITF (South Africa International Taekwon-Do Federation – www.taekwondo.co.za). He currently resided in Seoul, Korea, where he is a university lecturer in English Literature. He also teaches ITF TaekwonDo and Hapkido at 'The Way' Martial Arts Academy of Seoul (www.thewaymartialarts.org). Visit his blog at: http://sooshimkwan.blogspot.com or email him at saitf.research.education@gmail.com.

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The web site gets an average of 7,000 hits per day.

3.

Totally Tae Kwon Do magazine is downloaded worldwide, and has downloads in virtually every country on the planet, with a good percentage in the USA & UK. 4.

In two separate polls, one in 2009 and one in 2011 it was voted the No.1 preferred Tae kwon Do magazine available - anywhere! Poll results available on the web site. (no poll was run in 2010 by the way) 5.

A sponsorship package will save you hundreds of pounds, not to mention it can make you the same as well!

6.

The Tae Kwon Do community can see that your business or organisation truly supports their favourite Tae Kwon Do magazine 7.

The magazine readership is growing every year.

8.

Adverts can be changed at very short notice for each issue 9.

You get 2 way advertising - in the magazine and on the web site for double the impact!

10. Since its release, over one and a half million copies have been downloaded Its Not Just Another PDF Totally Tae Kwon Do was specifically designed to be an electronic magazine. The reason behind this was to make it free and accessible to everyone - no matter where they live or what their budget is. It is designed to be easily read on any PC, laptop, iPad or smart phone, plus its also designed to be printed out and look great on any home printer.

Within Budget We realise that there are many different size companies and organisations, with different advertising budgets and with that in mind we have 4 levels four levels of sponsorship available, plus some further options for Tae Kwon Do organisations and those that limited budgets or need to advertise less frequently.

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Sponsorship Packages Platinum Sponsorship @ £2000 per year This is a 'one off' package, for one sponsor only, hence it is the premium package.

The package includes: - A Double Page advertising spread in every issue (or two single page adverts) for 1 year.

- Web Site advertising on the magazines top two pages - the Index/info page and the download page (where the current issues are downloaded from).

- Advertising on our ‘sponsors’ page on web site with top/premium placing.

- Plus “Sponsored By” link on all subscribers emails

Gold Sponsorship Package @ £1200 per year The package includes: - A Full Page advertisement in every issue, for 1 year.

- Web site advertising on our very popular main ‘back issues’ page - Advertising on our ‘sponsors’ page on web site with high placing (just under Platinum level sponsors).

- Plus “Sponsored By” link on all subscribers emails Silver Sponsorship Package @ £800 per year The package includes: - A half Page advertisement in every issue, for 1 year.

- Advertising on our ‘sponsors’ page on the web site - 2x extra web site adverts. One on a Back Issue specific download page & one on a Read Online specific page

Bronze Sponsorship package @ £300 per year The package includes: - A regular half Page advertisement in every 2nd issue (or 6 issues of your choice) - Advertising on our ‘sponsors’ page on the web site - Extra web site adverts. Choice of your advert on either a Back Issue specific download page & on a Read Online specific page

A, B, C Web Site Sponsorship We also offer packages based around the web site as follows: a. 1 main page web site advert + 1 half page magazine advert in any issue you choose @ £200 per year*** Plus advertising on our ‘sponsors’ page on the web site b. 1 linked page web site advert (for example on a back issue or read online specific page) + 1 half page magazine advert in any issue you choose @ £120 per year*** Plus advertising on our ‘sponsors’ page on the web site c. 1 linked page web site advert (for example on a back issue or read online page) only @ £50 per year. Plus advertising on our ‘sponsors’ page on the web *** Further adverts at usual advertising rates

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However, that is not all - we also have some very special sponsorship deals for Tae Kwon Do Associations, groups or schools of any size, which, should they bring in just a few members to your organisation and/or events (which we are sure they will), then the sponsorship will have paid for itself!

Association

sponsorship

packages

include a regular advert for your organisation in both the magazine and on the web site, plus a number of adverts per year for events you run, such as competitions, seminars etc.

It is surprising how many groups wish to run medium or large competitions, yet never advertise them further than their own groups - an advert in such a widely distributed magazine could increase that dramatically! And what's best of all, with a sponsorship package you do not even pay for an advert - its included!

We realise that there are many different size organisations and groups and with that in mind we have 2 levels of sponsorship available for organisations or groups, plus some further options for those that may limited budgets or need to advertise less frequently.

TKD Organisation Sponsorship @ £500 per year The package includes: - 1 year/12 issues with 1 x ½ page Organisation advert per issue - advertising in our 'sponsors' page on web site - ½ page advert up to 4 times per year for you events/competitions.

Club/Small Groups* Sponsorship @ £200 per year The package includes: - 1 year/12 issues with 1 x 1/4 page club advert per issue - advertising in our 'sponsors' page on web site - ½ page advert up to 2 times per year for you events/competitions * meaning a collective of clubs/schools of between 2 and 5 clubs

Worldwide Downloads On average 60% of downloads occur in the USA and UK. The remaining 40% is made up throughout the rest of the world, from Argentina and Australia, through the alphabet to Venezuela, Vietnam and Zimbabwe.

May 2011 Downloads Online is a chart that shows the downloads for the May 2011 issue. As you will see, Issue 27 (May 2011) had over 90,000 hits. However, what you can also see from this chart is that older issues, also received a lot of downloads as well, for example, the previous months issue (#26) still had over 10,000 downloads, with issue #17 (July 2010) still getting over 2,000 downloads, despite being released over a year ago!

Graphic Design For a minimal extra fee, we have our very own graphic designer that can be put to work to design your adverts for the sponsorship packages. His rates are around 80% to 90% cheaper than most other graphic design companies. Details on request.

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”The TKD Clinic”

Each month Glenn Smits will be able to answer selected questions on health, well being, physical training and advise on the treatment of Tae Kwon Do sustained injuries.

Please send your questions to Glenn via TKDClinic@totallytkd.com ensuring “TKD Clinic” is in the subject line Please be as descriptive of your issue, problem or injury as possible to allow a correct response. Please include your name and country on any emails sent and state in the email if you do not wish your name to appear in the magazine.

While there can be no guarantee that every question will be addressed, Glenn will attempt to answer two or three questions each month that he feels will be the most informative and beneficial to readers.

Glenn Smits started his martial arts training in 1963 and started training in Tae Kwon Do ten years later. His one and only Tae Kwon Do instructor has been and is Grand Master Kwang Jae Lee. Over the last 30 plus years he has actively participated and promoted Tae Kwon Do as a competitor, instructor, coach and long time commercial school owner. He is a Licensed Acupuncturist and Chinese Herbalist currently in private practice specializing in sports and rehabilitative medicine as well as pain management.

Www.akato.org

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Get Yourself In print

If you'd like to submit something to Totally Tae kwon Do magazine, please send your submission to: editor@totallytkd.com Anyone can submit items as long as they are about Tae kwon Do or are Tae kwon Do related.

Articles on aspects of training Articles on patterns, sparring or destruction Articles on Stretching, Fitness or conditioning Articles on health, nutrition or well being Interviews with instructors, masters or students History related articles Articles on exercises Self Defence articles

Technical articles (ie. How to….)

Black belt essays Competition reports, results and photos Seminar reports and photos Book, DVD and film reviews Your own views on things TKD! Letters and emails Profiles of your school or teacher

Issue Deadlines are the 20th of each month

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Submission Guidelines

All articles must me be submitted in word, RTF or plain text format only with minimal formatting All articles should try to include photos and pictures to accompany the. If not Totally tae Kwon magazine will source photos to accompany the article.

Photos and pictures do not have to be high resolution. If we want one for the cover picture we will contact you for a high resolution picture.

100-200dpi resolution is fine for photographs. Higher resolution photographs will be scaled down to save bandwidth and magazine size Items such as Black Belt Essays must have a picture of the author accompanying them, though with regular articles this is optional in addition to other photos Please ensure you spell check your work before sending All picture/photo’s submitted give permission to the magazine for future use of them All articles must be the author’s own work or have permission from the author to the submitter to publish them with this magazine - please state this in the email sent Upon submission, the submitter of the article and neither the magazine or editor is responsible for any errors, libel or copyright breaches contained within the article (both text, photos and/or pictures) when published. The magazine, nor its editor or staff can be held responsible for anything pertaining to an article or photographs/pictures published The magazine reserves the right to choose what articles to publish and in which issue of the magazine they are published in.

The author of the articles retains full copyright of their work, but by submitting it to the magazine agrees that it can be published within the magazine, both now and in the future, including images that may accompany different featured work The magazine will be encrypted to prevent the copying of articles and pictures, but cannot be held responsible for errors or circumventing of these procedures Once published, any article, both text and photos are subject to the public domain and therefore cannot be retracted. By submitting articles you agree that you understand this.

The magazine reserves the right not to publish all pictures submitted with an article, but will try its best to do so depending on space available.

The magazine reserves the right to split long articles over several issues if necessary Articles will only be accepted by email, either grouped or in a zip file.

The magazine reserves the right not to publish every article submitted, without reason.

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“Taekwon-do is a means of developing and enhancing the emotional, perceptual and psychological characteristics that shape the younger generation .”

- General Choi Hong Hi

www.totallytkd.com

Issue 39: 1st May 2012

www.totallytkd.com

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