Annual Report FY2019
Introduction
Number of RT-supported IU departments in 2019
153
Research Technologies (RT), a division of University Information Technology Services (UITS) and a Pervasive Technology Institute center, develops, delivers, and supports advanced technology solutions that enable new possibilities in research, scholarly endeavors, and creative activity at Indiana University (IU) and beyond.
Overall increase in RT users from 2008–18
442% FY19 GRANT DOLLARS: Total IU grants
$680,205,472 RT provides services that benefit those in fields ranging from astronomy to zoology. We RT supported offer expert consulting, compute and storage $308,048,729 resources, research software, and visualization and data services to meet researchers’ needs. RT complements these efforts with education and technology translation activities to improve the quality of life for people in the IU community, state of Indiana, the nation, and the world. As shown below, we have seen tremendous growth in high-performance computing (HPC) usage over the last decade. USER STATUS COMPARISONS 1800 1600
Number of Users
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Year User Status
Graduate
Faculty
Staff
TeraGrid/XSEDE
Undergraduate
Affiliate
Group Account
Other
This diagram indicates both the increase in individuals using HPC systems from 2008–18 and a breakdown of those user groups. 2
Jetstream Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) 2019 interns gain cloud computing experience
Research Technologies support We provide A to Z services in five major categories. No matter the tool, service, or support application, our goal is to benefit the entire IU community.
EXPERT CONSULTING
Connecting researchers with software, computing, tools, and other resources to advance their work
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
Enabling fast calculations, advanced simulations, and massive secure storage
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
Delivering tools for analytics and big data research; distributing stat/numerical and open-source software
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
Promoting interactive models, virtual and augmented reality, advanced digital arts and media, and secure data analysis
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Connecting researchers with the services they need to reach discovery through targeted training, seminars, workshops, and tours 3
Data transferred from Data Capacitor II (DC2) to HPC
124PB Time it would take to play 124PB of music
250,000 years ...the first Homo sapiens would just be finishing up their jams Number of years it would take someone to send 124PB of email if he or she sent 50 emails a day
100 million years Years it would take to tweet 124PB if every person in the world tweeted once a day
17 years
IU Data Center is home to high-performance computers at Indiana University 4
Example of Tableau visualizations using data from Big Red II. Available online to users, these provide both a broad overview and detailed usage statistics for every RT system.
Research at scale Indiana University is one of the few institutions where any student or faculty member can access high-performance computing resources without grant funding, project proposals, or review and approval. Research Technologies takes this unique standing to heart, supporting not only large-scale projects but also an ever-increasing scope of users. Reaching out to new potential users—especially those in fields not typically associated with high-performance computing, like the humanities and arts— involves consulting, support, and education, as well as creating user-friendly tools for these powerful systems. By providing a diversity of research tools, innovative software approaches, and levels of support, Research Technologies strives to ensure that IU’s high-performance computing bursts beyond the Data Center walls.
Stephanie Cox, manager of IU virtualization services, the team responsible for the 2019 Citrix Innovation award-winning service IUanyWare
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RT IMPACT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY
Supporting research at IU
EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Background images: C. elegans nematodes (top right) and swallowtail butterfly (bottom left) 6
RT SERVICES IN USE
Karst A high-throughput computing cluster designed to deliver large amounts of processing capacity over long periods of time, Karst provides batch processing that makes it well-suited for running high-throughput, data-intensive parallel computing jobs. • 228 general-access compute nodes, each with 32GB of RAM and 250GB of local storage • 16 dedicated data nodes, each with 64GB RAM and 24TB local storage • Each node: IBM NeXtScale nx360 M4 server with two Intel Xeon E5-2650 v2 8-core processors
DEVELOPING BRAIN - BODY- ENVIRONMENT MODELS Provost Professor Randall Beer (shown center) and his colleagues from IU’s Cognitive Science Program, Professor Eduardo Izquierdo (right), and Postdoctoral Associate Erick Olivares (left) explore the relationship between brain, body, and environment through the lens of the tiny nematode Caernorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Using C. elegans, one of the best-described animals in biology, the team can construct computer models of the interaction between neural activity, body musculature, and environmental properties underlying its locomotion.
THREATS TO SOUTH ASIAN BUTTERFLY POPULATIONS Doctoral student Tsun Fung Au and Assistant Professor Justin Maxwell in IU’s Department of Geography work with an international research team from Hong Kong, Vietnam, and China to help butterfly populations threatened by climate change and trade; specifically, the Golden KaiserI-Hind (Teinopalpus aureus), a rare, swallowtail butterfly. Inaccurate geographical distribution data has hindered past efforts. On Karst, Au ran several species distribution models (SDMs) to estimate suitable current and future habitats under a variety of climate change scenarios.
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RT SERVICES IN USE
Big Red II Big Red II is Indiana University’s main system for high-performance parallel computing—it has a theoretical peak performance of 1 petaFLOPS. Big Red II features a hybrid architecture based on two Cray supercomputer platforms: • 344 XE6 (CPU-only) compute nodes and 676 XK7 “GPU-accelerated” compute nodes, all connected through Cray’s Gemini scalable interconnect with 43,648GB of RAM • Each XE6 node has two AMD Opteron 16-core Abu Dhabi x86_64 CPUs and 64GB of RAM • Each XK7 node has one AMD Opteron 16-core Interlagos x86_64 CPU, 32GB of RAM, and one NVIDIA Tesla K20 GPU accelerator
NUCLEAR PASTA SIMULATIONS A star dies, forming a neutron star. Extreme gravity then creates a substance with strange properties. Matthew Caplan, a postdoctoral research fellow at McGill University and former IU graduate student; IU Professor Charles Horowitz, a theoretical nuclear astrophysicist; and Andre Schneider, a postdoctoral researcher at Caltech, want to understand this substance found in the inner crust of neutron stars— one of the strongest known substances in the universe. Impossible to study in a lab, the team turned to Big Red II to simulate the substance. As Caplan explains, “We are doing the largest simulations ever of the densest material in the universe” on Big Red II. The simulations required approximately two million processor hours, making Big Red II indispensable. 8
RT IMPACT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY
Supporting research at IU
SALT EXTRACTION MOLECULE DISCOVERY An IU discovery of a salt extraction molecule has a variety of applications, including on potable drinking water. Yun Liu, lead author of a recent article on the molecule’s design in Science, led the study as a Ph.D. student in the lab of Amar Flood, James F. Jackson Professor of Chemistry and Luther Dana Waterman Professor. To minimize expense, the team began with calculations on Big Red II. According to Liu, scientists must understand how new molecules they design might be different from the ones drawn on paper.
EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Background image: Yun Liu with 3D-printed model of the chloride-capture molecule 9
RT IMPACT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY
Supporting research at IU
RT SERVICES IN USE
Carbonate Carbonate supports dataintensive computing like genome assembly software and other genome analysis applications that require large amounts of computer memory. • 72 general-purpose nodes, each with 256GB RAM • 8 large-memory compute nodes, 512GB RAM each • Each node: Lenovo NeXtScale nx360 M5 server with two 12-core Intel Xeon E5-2680 v3 CPUs and four 480GB SSDs
MACHINE LEARNING PROMOTES STUDENT SUCCESS Until recently, advisors in IU Bloomington’s University Division bore the sole responsibility for predicting student success. Now, with the help of IU’s large-memory computing cluster Carbonate, they pair their knowledge of a student’s goals, performance, and risk factors with predictive data to help students make informed choices. The team at Bloomington Assessment and Research within the Office of the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education analyzed student enrollment data from the past 10 years, distilled performance data in different courses, and used the data to predict how a student might perform in a particular course. To make these predictions, with expert consulting from RT’s Scott Michael, they applied machinelearning algorithms—similar to those that prompt online product recommendations—to student records. 10
EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
RT SERVICES IN USE
Carbonate deep-learning nodes To facilitate the support of deep-learning applications and research, Carbonate has been expanded to include 12 Lenovo ThinkSystem SD530 servers with NVIDIA GPUs. • 8 nodes with dual NVIDIA 16GB Tesla P100s per server • 4 nodes with dual NVIDIA 32GB Tesla V100s per server • All servers with dual Intel Xeon Gold 6126 12-core 2.6GHz processors, 192GB RAM and 7.68TB of local disk space
“When students make informed, data-based decisions with the help of academic advisors, students are empowered to do their best work, making them more likely to succeed at IU.” Dennis Groth IU Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education
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RT IMPACT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY
Visualization tools in focus
EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Background image: IQ-Wall configurations displayed through AVL’s augmented reality application 12
IQ-Walls Eighteen large-format, ultrahigh-resolution video display systems across IU campuses each offer a stage for collaborative research, teaching, and creative activities. The UITS Advanced Visualization Lab (AVL) is the core driver of innovation. Usually, IQ-Walls are installed on walls or free-standing structures. A new type of reconfigurable IQ-Wall has columns of displays that can be rearranged. The team also developed an augmented reality application to help visualize the various forms the new IQ-Wall could take. It uses a standard handset or a Microsoft HoloLens to present holographic miniatures and fullsized 3D renderings of uniquely configured IQ-Walls used by students and teachers.
Objects, spaces, and places AVL and Cyberinfrastructure for Digital Humanities transform the real world into digital 3D doppelgängers—from reproducing bullets and casings for improved crime solving to mapping warehouse-sized rooms containing thousands of unique specimens. They use photogrammetry to capture complex geometry of valuable objects, giving researchers and students interactive access to an ever-growing library of antiquities, fossils, and relics. They use 3D laser scanning to accurately interpret and translate physical objects into digital replicas. Matterport or LIDAR scans larger environments to enable the creation of virtual tours. They’ve recreated places such as the Ray Bradbury Library, the Indiana Medical History Museum, and the Benjamin Harrison House, and made them available to a global audience. They use aerial photography to create 3D maps full of vivid layers.
TRANSPORTATION MODELING Geography students in IUPUI’s School of Liberal Arts use an IQ-Wall for dynamic, real-time transportation simulations. The IQ-Wall offers granular detail, and lets students take advantage of the rendering capacity of the server running the high-performance PC workstation. It allows students to test out their individual road designs in an AI environment in which the simulated cars make decisions. This new method offers more real-time details, allowing the instructor to point out cars and road features that could create traffic jams and increase accident risk.
“The Wall allows GIS and simulation for VR-like experience, but better: a group can collaborate in real time like never before. Combining Transmodeler, the latest transportation simulation software, with the Wall makes it lifelike and surreal— this is what we researchers can only dream of!” Dr. Aniruddha Banerjee Associate Professor of Geography, IUPUI
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RT SERVICES IN USE
IUanyWare IUanyWare’s virtual desktop service allows IU students, faculty, and staff to use a web browser or mobile app to run certain IU-licensed software applications without having to download and install them. In spring 2019, IU won the 2019 Citrix Innovation Award for the IUanyWare AT Desktop for Accessible Applications and a virtual desktop for speech and hearing sciences—two projects that aim to assist students with disabilities. Stephanie Cox, manager of IU virtualization services, noted, “We are so honored to accept the Citrix Innovation Award for 2019. Our four-person team works really hard every day to deliver this world-class virtual platform.”
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RT IMPACT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY
Tools for teachers and students in focus PORTAL ACCESS FOR IU SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY Though the IU School of Dentistry (IUSD) still focuses on essentials like patient diagnosis and treatment, its students also use tools like axiUm dental software that integrates into their clinical practice. Students and faculty need frequent access to IU’s software and systems. The sensitive nature of clinical data also demands high security. IUanyWare meets these needs through virtualization, making centralized software available to multiple users at the same time. Stephanie Cox, manager of IU virtualization services, worked with Craig Eberhardt, the clinic systems manager of IUSD, to develop a solution with the consistency and flexibility IUSD needed.
EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Background image: Stephanie Cox and the IUanyWare team accepting the 2019 Citrix Innovation Award 15
RT IMPACT: LOCAL COMMUNITY
Connecting IU and the community
Background image: Students participating in the Robot Grand Challenge this summer
RT SERVICES IN USE
Training & outreach Research Technologies strives to serve both IU and the local community by providing training and outreach programs. Programs focused on teaching, informing, and conveying the roles that technology can play in research and discovery continue to evolve. In the coming year, RT will extend its outreach to local educators by providing more hands-on technology experiences for young students. RT will also engage directly with the IU community to expand its reach, building partnerships with faculty and researchers to support them in their quest for new knowledge.
INDIANA BLACK EXPO For nearly 50 years, the Indiana Black Expo has been committed to excellence through personal and community development, which it has achieved through creative programming in education, economics, the arts, and health. Research Technologies staff supported its mission during last year’s Summer Celebration. More than 200 IU volunteers met with students in the Exhibit Hall and provided information on all aspects of the university’s nine campuses. Volunteers from RT gave visitors to the booth a realistic sense of the campuses through virtual tours and a hologram display through a virtual reality headset.
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EXPERT CONSULTING
READY, SET, ROBOTS! Now in its 13th consecutive year, this two-day summer camp requires no prerequisites, just a curious mind and an interest in technology. Kids grades 7–12 learn basic computer programming skills as they work in teams alongside RT staff to command LEGO Mindstorms® robots, simulating a Mars rover mission. The camps end with a Robot Grand Challenge, where parents and friends gather to see the kids’ newly acquired skills.
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
“These robots are very cool, definitely! There are endless possibilities of what you can do with this technology. You can program them to go through the maze here or grab your water bottle. Robots are our future.” Cody Cox, 8th grader
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RT IMPACT: STATE OF INDIANA
Surveying a healthier Indiana
EXPERT CONSULTING
RT SERVICES IN USE COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
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REDCap Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) is a selfmanaged, secure, web-based platform designed to support data collection and data management for research, operations support, and quality improvement projects. REDCap’s easy-to-use, intuitive features allow users to rapidly build and manage secure online surveys and databases. No programming experience is needed to start creating data entry forms and surveys.
“REDCap offers a solution that’s secure, reliable, and easy to use across multiple platforms. Security is a major challenge when dealing with private health information, and we take this very seriously.” Peter S. Pang Associate Professor, IU School of Medicine
AIDING ACUTE HEART FAILURE RESEARCH Peter S. Pang, associate professor of medicine at the IU School of Medicine, seeks to improve post-discharge mortality rates and prevent readmission for acute heart failure (AHF) patients. Dr. Pang has recently explored the possibility of using risk stratification in the emergency department as a way of determining the need for hospitalization, as nearly 80% of patients presenting with AHF are admitted, at staggering costs. With a team of physician scientists from multiple universities, Dr. Pang completed the TACIT study, exploring the potential role of troponin, a protein in the heart muscle fibers that regulates muscular contraction, to identify AHF patients at risk for adverse events. The entire study was conducted using REDCap.
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RT IMPACT: STATE OF INDIANA
Surveying a healthier Indiana
RT SERVICES IN USE EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Background image: Clinical Optics Research Lab (CORL) team 20
REDCap REDCap is available to Indiana University researchers as a result of IU’s partnership in the REDCap Consortium. Sponsored by the UITS Research Technologies Advanced Biomedical IT Core (ABITC), IU REDCap is one of several research-related collaboration tools offered by the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (Indiana CTSI).
CLINICAL OPTICS RESEARCH LAB IU’s Clinical Optics Research Lab (CORL) in the School of Optometry engages in leading-edge research to improve patient vision and optometric clinical care. REDCap gives study participants a user-friendly interface for recording information, which gives the lab more reliable participant data.
INTERVENTIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Shelley Johns of the Palliative Care Service at Eskenazi Health in Indianapolis investigates the efficacy of non-pharmacological behavioral interventions, like mindfulness-based stress reduction and acceptance and commitment therapy in adults with cancer. Dr. Johns and her team conduct research from data after following patients for several months. REDCap makes it easy to track how well behavioral interventions are working to address a variety of common symptoms like fatigue, pain, and anxiety. 21
RT IMPACT: STATE OF INDIANA
Addressing Indiana’s toughest challenges
Background image: Carbonate, a high-performance computer, at the IU Data Center
SUPPORTING THE DATA SCIENCE PILLAR OF THE PHI
RT SERVICES IN USE
Big Red II+ Big Red II+ supports some of the most critical research at Indiana University, such as the Grand Challenges Program. With a theoretical peak performance of 286 teraFLOPS, Big Red II+ provides an environment dedicated to large-scale, compute-intensive research. A Cray XC30 supercomputer, Big Red II+ has 550 compute nodes, each containing two Intel Xeon E5 12-Core x86_64 CPUs and 64GB of DDR3 RAM. All compute nodes are connected through the Cray Aries interconnect.
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Research Technologies is developing and supporting analytics services for the data science pillar of the Precision Health Initiative (PHI) Grand Challenge. The first of these services is an instance of R Studio Connect, which allows researchers to share user interfaces and dashboards, written in R and the Shiny library, for enhanced access to their research data sets and computational models. RT is collaborating with the Center for Advanced Cybersecurity Research to implement risk management controls that allow electronic protected health information on this service, making it useful in clinical informatics workflows.
IU Grand Challenges Program IU’s Grand Challenges Program is a bold commitment to address issues that impact Indiana and the world. The challenges are split into three categories: Precision Health Initiative, Prepared for Environmental Change, and Responding to the Addiction Crisis. As these large-scale programs ramp up in size and scope, Research Technologies remains committed to providing support and stands ready to assist with the high-performance computing needs that might arise.
EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INVASIVE SPECIES Ranjan Muthukrishnan’s research on invasive species at the Environmental Resilience Institute considers the role of phenotypic plasticity in accounting for some organisms’ abilities to adapt quickly to new environments. Dr. Muthukrishnan uses IU’s supercomputers Karst and Carbonate to run large-scale simulations using remote sensing data from real landscapes to determine how invasive species might move through space, and their rates of speed. These simulations require large amounts of computer memory, but remain essential to measuring the pressure invasive species exert on native species.
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RT IMPACT: THE NATION
HighPerformance Computing (HPC) in focus
Jetstream Jetstream’s user-friendly cloud environment gives researchers and students access to computing and data analysis resources from any computer or tablet. Jetstream, co-located at IU (the lead institution) and the University of Texas at Austin’s Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), extends the reach of the NSF’s eXtreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) project, which supports most of the largest NSF-funded computing systems serving the national research community. Awarded amount to date is $13.75 million.
EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Background image: Jetstream at the IU Data Center 24
TRANSFORMING POLITICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH For political scientists, news articles offer a rich source of data. Jill Irvine, University of Oklahoma, and collaborators want to make this data accessible. Jetstream gave them the capabilities needed to create the Temporally Extended, Regular, Reproducible International Event Records (TERRIER) data set that extracts event data from roughly 300 million news articles and puts it into a form usable by researchers.
JETSTREAM REU PROGRAM Seven college students from across the country got the chance of a lifetime—conducting advanced cyberinfrastructure research on Jetstream and presenting their work at the PEARC19 conference in Chicago. This year, the theme of the program was machine learning in the cloud.
“The Jetstream Research Experience for Undergraduates program aims to train undergraduate scholars in cutting-edge cyberinfrastructure and to broaden representation in computing. This year’s group of students was outstanding! They were engaged and dedicated and impressed the computing professionals at PEARC19.” Winona Snapp-Childs Research Technologies and Jetstream REU Program
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RT IMPACT: THE NATION
High-Performance Computing (HPC) in focus
SUPPORTING RESEARCH ON MOTHS NCGAS ScottNational D. Cinel,Center Ph.D. for student at the University of Florida, would The Genome Analysis Support (NCGAS) is alike to broaden public perception insects. Cinel’s work focuses on collaborative project betweenabout IU and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing a moth at called the corn earworm. CinelIts participated NCGAS Center Carnegie Mellon University. mission isin tothe enable the U.S. de novo transcriptome workshop notes the workshop biological research community to and make use that of the vast amountimproved of his transcriptome assembly by 35 more focuses differentially transcribed genes. genomic information available. NCGAS on transcriptomeand Cinel reports that NCGAS has helped put a focus on thetranscriptomics, biological genome-level assembly, phylogenetics, metagenomics, relevance of his work. He hopes his research will help the public think and community genomics. It maintains software on several nationally differentlyhigh-performance about pest control clusters. methods,Itemphasizing an accessible also providesbiocontrol consultingasservices alternative to pesticides or clear-cutting. to NSF-funded researchers and education and outreach programs on genome assembly and analysis.
EXAMINING COLOR VARIATION IN THE POISON-DART FROG In the wild, camouflage helps some animals blend in with their surroundings; other animals, such as the strawberry poison-dart frog (Oophaga pumilio), adapt vivid warning colorations to signal their toxicity to predators. Layla Freeborn, a Ph.D. student in the Richards-Zawacki lab at the University of Pittsburgh, studies the molecular, cellular, and evolutionary basis of variable skin coloration in this beautiful frog species. Freeborn uses NCGAS to sift through the overwhelming amount of bioinformatic resources online. For Freeborn, the benefits of NCGAS include “the expertise and guidance provided by the bioinformatics analysts” that help “streamline the decision-making part of the analysis.” 26
SUPPORTING RESEARCH ON MOTHS Scott D. Cinel, Ph.D. student at the University of Florida, would like to broaden public perception about insects. Cinel’s work focuses on a moth called the corn earworm. Cinel participated in the NCGAS de novo transcriptome workshop and notes that the workshop improved his transcriptome assembly by 35 more differentially transcribed genes. Cinel reports that NCGAS has helped put a focus on the biological relevance of his work. He hopes his research will help the public think differently about pest control methods, emphasizing biocontrol as an alternative to pesticides or clear cutting.
EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Strawberry poison-dart frog from Central America
“We enable hundreds of biologists across the nation to do their work more efficiently and effectively. These scientists are able to shorten the time to results, thus advancing the fields relying on genomic analysis.” Thomas G. Doak Manager and Principal Investigator, NCGAS
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RT SERVICES IN USE
DC-WAN2 The Data Capacitor Wide Area Network 2 is a large, high-speed data storage facility serving all IU campuses, several U.S. research centers, and Operation IceBridge. It allows researchers to access remote data as if it were stored locally and share with researchers at multiple remote sites.
OPERATION ICEBRIDGE For the last decade, Research Technologies has provided IT support for the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets at the University of Kansas and Operation IceBridge, NASA’s effort to collect polar ice data. Operation IceBridge provides a highly accurate yearly picture of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, ice sheets, and ice shelves to predict their future. In the largest airborne survey of Earth’s polar ice ever flown, a fleet of aircraft flies out of Antarctica, Chile, Argentina, and Greenland to gather unprecedented 3D detail.
COOL DISCOVERIES One of Operation IceBridge’s radar systems, the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder, penetrates through the ice to see the bedrock below. In 2012, the team found a large canyon underneath a mile of ice. Dubbed Greenland’s Grand Canyon, it’s longer and deeper than its counterpart. While flying over the Beaufort Sea in Greenland in 2018, the team saw three perfectly circular holes in the ice. Plausible explanations for the holes include convection or seals creating breathing holes. 28
“Being part of IU’s collaboration with CReSIS and Operation IceBridge has been amazing! We have helped them solve computational and storage issues, which has provided needed resilience and enabled significant discoveries, such as the possibility of another large-impact crater under the Greenland Ice.”
RT IMPACT: THE WORLD
Partnership on a global scale
Aaron Wells Senior Polar Field Engineer, Research Technologies EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Background image: NASA’s DC-8 flying laboratory passes Antarctica’s tallest peak, Mount Vinson 29
RT SERVICES IN USE
Forward Observer Forward Observer is a cluster-based, high-performance data duplication, storage, and processing system used by Operation IceBridge. It fits into an aircraft-rated machine rack and routinely performs in polar turbulence well in excess of what is allowed in commercial flights, running only on limited aircraft-generated power. Receiving data streams from three advanced sensor systems, Forward Observer creates checksums for assurance, multiple copies for redundancy, and processes the data into visuals, so researchers can monitor results in real time.
SUPPORTING NASA’S POLAR ICE SURVEY For Operation IceBridge, three onboard radar systems produce up to 5 terabytes of data per flight. Forward Observer captures data and creates multiple copies, eliminating the risk of losing valuable data. This gives scientists nearly instant access to preliminary images while they’re still in the air, allowing for in-flight adjustments. Later, transferred to DC-WAN2 for researchers to access, images showing slices of snow, ice, and bedrock are used by scientists to study the year-to-year changes in this vital part of Earth’s ecosystem.
“I was part of the team of three that developed Forward Observer allowing researchers to do real-time analysis in flight. Having the ability to change course to address issues in flight allows researchers to get to the science faster.” Matthew Link Associate Vice President, Research Technologies
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RT IMPACT: THE WORLD
Partnership on a global scale
EXPERT CONSULTING
COMPUTE & STORAGE RESOURCES
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
VISUALIZATION & DATA SERVICES
COOL DISCOVERIES The team has noted icebergs splitting off from larger glaciers, such as B-46, an iceberg three times the size of Manhattan, and another twice the size of Manhattan that will likely break off from the Brunt Ice Shelf.
TRAINING & OUTREACH
Background image: Newly formed sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea 31
Thinking forward: anticipate and delegate As high-performance computing continues to grow in capability and research needs become more diverse and complex, Research Technologies is determined to anticipate and respond to new challenges and demands.
Geode Known as Home Directories in its current incarnation, Geode allows users to access their home directories and/or project directories from any of IU’s research supercomputers. It’s in the process of getting a hardware refresh, which will enable: • Replicated persistent storage for user home directories • Desktop-mounted access • Individual allocations up to 200GB—two times the current quota • Data encrypted at rest • Snapshots with self-restore capability • Geode Project Space, available for 20 cents per GB per year • ADS management of Geode Project Space
Background image: Geode at the IU Data Center 32
Slate A follow-on to Data Capacitor II—the high-performance, highthroughput parallel file system used by IU’s HPC resources—Slate’s forward-thinking, persistent storage technology brings extreme scalability and faster speeds. It enables: • Measured speeds up to two times faster than Data Capacitor II • New, individual, fee-free HPC storage allocations up to 1.6TB • 15TB project space allocations on HPC systems—50% more shared, fee-free storage for IU research projects • Additional shared storage for 7 cents per GB per year above the 15TB allocation
Research Desktop Research Desktop (RED) is a service for users with accounts on the Carbonate research supercomputer at IU. To promote broader use of IU’s research cyberinfrastructure, UITS developed RED to reduce the learning curve for users who are unaccustomed to working in Unix-like command line environments. RED allows users to run a graphical user interface (like Windows or macOS) on a personal device to launch and control a remote session on one of more than a dozen dedicated compute nodes. Users can also run graphical applications remotely without noticeable latency and without needing to submit an interactive compute job.
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CULTURES NEURAL SCIENCES NEUROSCIENCE NEW MEDIA AND INTERACTIVE STORYTELLING NEW VENTURE AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT NURSING NUTRITION SCIENCE OPERA STUDIES OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT OPTOMETRY ORGANIZATIONAL BE MAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OUTDOOR RECREATION, PARKS AND HUMAN ECOLOGY PARK AND PUBLIC LANDS MANAGEMENT PATHOLOGY PHARMACOLOGY PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY / COMPUTER SCIENCE PHILOSOPHY / POLITICAL SCIENCE PHILOSOPHY / RELIGIOUS STUDIES P SICAL ACTIVITY, FITNESS AND WELLNESS PHYSICAL EDUCATION / TEACHER EDUCATION PHYSICS PHYSIOLOGY PLANT SCIENCES POLICY ANALYSIS POLITICAL AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT POLITICAL SCIENCE POLITICAL SCIENCE / ECONOMICS PORTUGUESE PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC AF ANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC MANAGEMENT PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC, NONPROFIT AND COMMUNITY RECREATION RECREATIONAL THERAPY RUSSIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES SCHOOL AND COLLEGE HEALTH EDUCATION SCHO IA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY SCIENCE EDUCATION SECOND LANGUAGE STUDIES SECONDARY EDUCATION SECURITY INFORMATICS SLAVIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP SOCIAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE SOCIAL STUDIES IAL WORK SOCIOLOGY SOCIOLOGY OF WORK AND BUSINESS SPANISH SPATIAL ANALYSIS SPECIAL EDUCATION SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY SPORT MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT STATISTICAL SCIENCE STATISTICS STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION ST NAGEMENT CONSULTING SUPPLY CHAIN AND OPERATIONS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT TELECOMMUNICATIONS VISION SCIENCE WATER RESOURCES WEST EUROPEAN STUDIES WOMEN'S STUDIES WORK AND BUSINESS OUNTING ADULT EDUCATION ANATOMY ANCIENT STUDIES ANIMAL BEHAVIOR ANTHROPOLOGY APPAREL MERCHANDISING APPLIED ECOLOGY APPLIED HEALTH SCIENCE ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS ATHLETIC TRAINING ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE AUDIOLOGY AND HEARING SC ENCES BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH BIOCHEMISTRY BIOINFORMATICS BIOLOGY BIOMECHANICS BIOSTATISTICS BIOTECHNOLOGY BUSINESS BUSINESS ANALYTICS BUSINESS ECONOMICS CHEMICAL PHYSICS CHEMINFORMATICS CHEMISTRY CLASSICAL STU EK COGNITIVE SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE COMMUNITY HEALTH COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS COMPARATIVE LITERATURE COMPOSITION COMPUTER MUSIC COMPOSITION COMPUTER SCIENCE CULTURAL STUDIES CURRICULUM STUDIES DECISION S TETICS DIGITAL ART EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES EAST ASIAN STUDIES ECONOMIC CONSULTING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS / MATHEMATICS ECONOMICS / POLITICAL SCIENCE ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLO COMPUTER MUSIC ENERGY ENGLISH ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CORPORATE INNOVATION ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTA DEMIOLOGY ETHNOMUSICOLOGY EVOLUTION, ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY EXERCISE SCIENCE FINANCE FOLKLORE FRENCH GAME STUDIES GENERAL BUSINESS GENETICS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES GERMAN ONTOLOGY GLOBAL HUMAN DIVERSITY GLOBAL STUDIES GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT GRAPHIC DESIGN GREEK HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT HEALTH ADMINISTRATION HEALTH BEHAVIOR HEALTH EDUCATION–SECONDARY TEACHER PREPARATION HEALTH FITN HER EDUCATION AND STUDENT AFFAIRS HISTORY HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE HISTORY OF ART HUMAN BIOLOGY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY HUMAN PERFORMANCE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION DESIGN HUMANERACTION HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES IMMERSIVE MEDIATED ENVIRONMENTS INDIA STUDIES INFORMATICS INFORMATION AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE INFORMATION SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS INQUIRY METHODOLOGY INSTRUCTIO HNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ITALIAN JEWISH STUDIES JOURNALISM KINESIOLOGY LABOR STUDIES LANGUAGE EDUCATION / WORLD LANGUAGES LANGUAGE SCIENCES LATIN LATIN AMERICAN A DIES LATINO STUDIES LAW LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LEADERSHIP, ETHICS AND SOCIAL ACTION LEARNING SCIENCES LEGAL STUDIES LIBRARY SCIENCE LINGUISTICS LITERACY, CULTURE AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION MANAGEMENT MARKETING MASS COMMUNICATION MATHEM HEMATICS MATHEMATICS EDUCATION MEDICAL SCIENCES MEDIEVAL STUDIES METALSMITHING AND JEWELRY DESIGN METHODOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY MOTOR LEARNING AND CONTROL MUSIC MUSIC EDUCATION MUSIC IN IC THEORY MUSICAL THEATRE MUSICOLOGY NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES NEURAL SCIENCES NEUROSCIENCE NEW MEDIA AND INTERACTIVE STORYTELLING NEW VENTURE AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT NURSING NUTRITION SCIENCE O RATIONS MANAGEMENT OPTOMETRY ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OTHER / UNSPECIFIED OUTDOOR RECREATION, PARKS AND HUMAN ECOLOGY PARK AND PUBLIC LANDS MANAGEMENT PATHOLOGY PHARMACOLOGY PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPH ENCE PHILOSOPHY / POLITICAL SCIENCE PHILOSOPHY / RELIGIOUS STUDIES PHOTOGRAPHY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FITNESS AND WELLNESS PHYSICAL EDUCATION / TEACHER EDUCATION PHYSICS PHYSIOLOGY PLANT SCIENCES POLICY ANALYSIS POLITICAL AND CIVIC ENGAGEMEN ENCE POLITICAL SCIENCE / ECONOMICS PORTUGUESE PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC AFFAIRS PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC MANAGEMENT PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC, NONPROFIT AND COMMUNITY RECREATION RECREATIONAL SIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES SCHOOL AND COLLEGE HEALTH EDUCATION SCHOOL LIBRARY / MEDIA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY SCIENCE EDUCATION SECOND LANGUAGE STUDIES SECONDARY EDUCATION SECURITY INFORMATICS SLAVIC LANGUA RATURES SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP SOCIAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION SOCIAL WORK SOCIOLOGY SOCIOLOGY OF WORK AND BUSINESS SPANISH SPATIAL ANALYSIS SPECIAL EDUCATION SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY SPORT MARKETING AND TISTICAL SCIENCE STATISTICS STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CONSULTING SUPPLY CHAIN AND OPERATIONS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT TELECOMMUNICATIONS VISION S OURCES WEST EUROPEAN STUDIES WOMEN'S STUDIES WORK AND BUSINESS ZOOLOGY ACCOUNTING ADULT EDUCATION ANATOMY ANCIENT STUDIES ANIMAL BEHAVIOR ANTHROPOLOGY APPAREL MERCHANDISING APPLIED ECOLOGY APPLIED HEALTH SCIENCE ASTRONOMY AN LETIC TRAINING ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE AUDIOLOGY AND HEARING SCIENCE AUDITORY SCIENCES BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH BIOCHEMISTRY BIOINFORMATICS BIOLOGY BIOMECHANICS BIOSTATISTICS BIOTECHNOLOGY BUSINESS BUSINESS ANALYTICS BU NOMICS CHEMICAL PHYSICS CHEMINFORMATICS CHEMISTRY CLASSICAL STUDIES–LATIN AND GREEK COGNITIVE SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE COMMUNITY HEALTH COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS COMPARATIVE LITERATURE COMPOSITION COMPUTER MPOSITION COMPUTER SCIENCE CULTURAL STUDIES CURRICULUM STUDIES DECISION SUPPORT MODELING DIETETICS DIGITAL ART EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES EAST ASIAN STUDIES ECONOMIC CONSULTING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT HEMATICS ECONOMICS / POLITICAL SCIENCE ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER MUSIC ENERGY ENGLISH ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CORPORATE INNOVATION ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND RISK
Thinking forward: anticipate and delegate
Big Red 200
Big Red 200 will power advanced machine learning applications using massive data sets and faster scientific calculations in a broad range of fields, including medicine, climate change, addiction, and cybersecurity.
The new system will provide approximately 6 PFLOPS of computational capacity with 2.6 PFLOPS from 32GB NVIDIA V100 GPUs.
IU researchers make extensive use of IU’s advanced computing systems. In 2018 alone, IU was awarded more than $185 million in research grant awards directly supported by the university’s high-performance computers.
ENCES BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH BIOCHEMISTRY BIOINFORMATICS BIOLOGY BIOMECHANICS BIOSTATISTICS BIOTECHNOLOGY BUSINESS BUSINESS ANALYTICS BUSINESS ECONOMICS CHEMICAL PHYSICS CHEMINFORMATICS CHEMISTRY CLASSICAL STU EK COGNITIVE SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE COMMUNITY HEALTH COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS COMPARATIVE LITERATURE COMPOSITION COMPUTER MUSIC COMPOSITION COMPUTER SCIENCE CULTURAL STUDIES CURRICULUM STUDIES DECISION S TETICS DIGITAL ART EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES EAST ASIAN STUDIES ECONOMIC CONSULTING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS / MATHEMATICS ECONOMICS / POLITICAL SCIENCE ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLO COMPUTER MUSIC ENERGY ENGLISH ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CORPORATE INNOVATION ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTA DEMIOLOGY ETHNOMUSICOLOGY EVOLUTION, ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY EXERCISE SCIENCE FINANCE FOLKLORE FRENCH GAME STUDIES GENERAL BUSINESS GENETICS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES GERMAN ONTOLOGY GLOBAL HUMAN DIVERSITY GLOBAL STUDIES GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT GRAPHIC DESIGN GREEK HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT HEALTH ADMINISTRATION HEALTH BEHAVIOR HEALTH EDUCATION–SECONDARY TEACHER PREPARATION HEALTH FITN HER EDUCATION AND STUDENT AFFAIRS HISTORY HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE HISTORY OF ART HUMAN BIOLOGY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY HUMAN PERFORMANCE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION DESIGN HUMANERACTION HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES IMMERSIVE MEDIATED ENVIRONMENTS INDIA STUDIES INFORMATICS INFORMATION AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE INFORMATION SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS INQUIRY METHODOLOGY INSTRUCTIO HNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ITALIAN JEWISH STUDIES JOURNALISM KINESIOLOGY LABOR STUDIES LANGUAGE EDUCATION / WORLD LANGUAGES LANGUAGE SCIENCES LATIN LATIN AMERICAN A DIES LATINO STUDIES LAW LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LEADERSHIP, ETHICS AND SOCIAL ACTION LEARNING SCIENCES LEGAL STUDIES LIBRARY SCIENCE LINGUISTICS LITERACY, CULTURE AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION MANAGEMENT MARKETING MASS COMMUNICATION MATHEM HEMATICS MATHEMATICS EDUCATION MEDICAL SCIENCES MEDIEVAL STUDIES METALSMITHING AND JEWELRY DESIGN METHODOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY MOTOR LEARNING AND CONTROL MUSIC MUSIC EDUCATION MUSIC IN IC THEORY MUSICAL THEATRE MUSICOLOGY NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES NEURAL SCIENCES NEUROSCIENCE NEW MEDIA AND INTERACTIVE STORYTELLING NEW VENTURE AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT NURSING NUTRITION SCIENCE O RATIONS MANAGEMENT OPTOMETRY ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OTHER / UNSPECIFIED OUTDOOR RECREATION, PARKS AND HUMAN ECOLOGY PARK AND PUBLIC LANDS MANAGEMENT PATHOLOGY PHARMACOLOGY PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPH ENCE PHILOSOPHY / POLITICAL SCIENCE PHILOSOPHY / RELIGIOUS STUDIES PHOTOGRAPHY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FITNESS AND WELLNESS PHYSICAL EDUCATION / TEACHER EDUCATION PHYSICS PHYSIOLOGY PLANT SCIENCES POLICY ANALYSIS POLITICAL AND CIVIC ENGAGEMEN ENCE POLITICAL SCIENCE / ECONOMICS PORTUGUESE PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC AFFAIRS PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC MANAGEMENT PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC, NONPROFIT AND COMMUNITY RECREATION RECREATIONAL SIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES SCHOOL AND COLLEGE HEALTH EDUCATION SCHOOL LIBRARY / MEDIA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY SCIENCE EDUCATION SECOND LANGUAGE STUDIES SECONDARY EDUCATION SECURITY INFORMATICS SLAVIC LANGUA RATURES SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP SOCIAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION SOCIAL WORK SOCIOLOGY SOCIOLOGY OF WORK AND BUSINESS SPANISH SPATIAL ANALYSIS SPECIAL EDUCATION SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY SPORT MARKETING AND TISTICAL SCIENCE STATISTICS STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CONSULTING SUPPLY CHAIN AND OPERATIONS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT TELECOMMUNICATIONS VISION S OURCES WEST EUROPEAN STUDIES WOMEN'S STUDIES WORK AND BUSINESS ZOOLOGY ACCOUNTING ADULT EDUCATION ANATOMY ANCIENT STUDIES ANIMAL BEHAVIOR ANTHROPOLOGY APPAREL MERCHANDISING APPLIED ECOLOGY APPLIED HEALTH SCIENCE ASTRONOMY AN LETIC TRAINING ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE AUDIOLOGY AND HEARING SCIENCE AUDITORY SCIENCES BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH BIOCHEMISTRY BIOINFORMATICS BIOLOGY BIOMECHANICS BIOSTATISTICS BIOTECHNOLOGY BUSINESS BUSINESS ANALYTICS BU NOMICS CHEMICAL PHYSICS CHEMINFORMATICS CHEMISTRY CLASSICAL STUDIES–LATIN AND GREEK COGNITIVE SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE COMMUNITY HEALTH COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS COMPARATIVE LITERATURE COMPOSITION COMPUTER MPOSITION COMPUTER SCIENCE CULTURAL STUDIES CURRICULUM STUDIES DECISION SUPPORT MODELING DIETETICS DIGITAL ART EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES EAST ASIAN STUDIES ECONOMIC CONSULTING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT HEMATICS ECONOMICS / POLITICAL SCIENCE ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER MUSIC ENERGY ENGLISH ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CORPORATE INNOVATION ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND RISK IRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EPIDEMIOLOGY ETHNOMUSICOLOGY EVOLUTION, ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY EXERCISE SCIENCE FINANCE FOLKLORE FRENCH GAME STUDIES GEN ETICS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES GERMANIC STUDIES GERONTOLOGY GLOBAL HUMAN DIVERSITY GLOBAL STUDIES GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT GRAPHIC DESIGN GREEK HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT HEALTH A LTH BEHAVIOR HEALTH EDUCATION–SECONDARY TEACHER PREPARATION HEALTH FITNESS SPECIALIST HIGHER EDUCATION AND STUDENT AFFAIRS HISTORY HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE HISTORY OF ART HUMAN BIOLOGY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY HU FORMANCE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION DESIGN HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES IMMERSIVE MEDIATED ENVIRONMENTS INDIA STUDIES INFORMATICS INFORMATION AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT HITECTURE INFORMATION SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS INQUIRY METHODOLOGY INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ITALIAN JEWISH STUDIES JOURNALISM KINESIO DIES LANGUAGE EDUCATION / WORLD LANGUAGES LANGUAGE SCIENCES LATIN LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN STUDIES LATINO STUDIES LAW LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LEADERSHIP, ETHICS AND SOCIAL ACTION LEARNING SCIENCES LEGAL STUDIES LIBRARY SCIENCE LING TURE AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION MANAGEMENT MARKETING MASS COMMUNICATION MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICS EDUCATION MEDICAL SCIENCES MEDIEVAL STUDIES METALSMITHING AND JEWELRY DESIGN METHODOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY MOLECUL ELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY MOTOR LEARNING AND CONTROL MUSIC MUSIC EDUCATION MUSIC INFORMATICS MUSIC THEORY MUSICAL THEATRE MUSICOLOGY NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES NEURAL SCIENCES NEUROSCIENCE NEW MEDIA AND INTERACTIVE STORYTELLI BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT NURSING NUTRITION SCIENCE OPERA STUDIES OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT OPTOMETRY ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OTHER / UNSPECIFIED OUTDOOR RECREATION, PARKS AND HUMAN PUBLIC LANDS MANAGEMENT PATHOLOGY PHARMACOLOGY PHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY / COMPUTER SCIENCE PHILOSOPHY / POLITICAL SCIENCE PHILOSOPHY / RELIGIOUS STUDIES PHOTOGRAPHY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FITNESS AND WELLNESS PHYSICAL EDUCATION / TEACHER SICS PHYSIOLOGY PLANT SCIENCES POLICY ANALYSIS POLITICAL AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT POLITICAL SCIENCE POLITICAL SCIENCE / ECONOMICS PORTUGUESE PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC AFFAIRS PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION NAGEMENT PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC, NONPROFIT AND COMMUNITY RECREATION RECREATIONAL THERAPY RUSSIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES SCHOOL AND COLLEGE HEALTH EDUCATION SCHOOL LIBRARY / MEDIA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY SCIENC OND LANGUAGE STUDIES SECONDARY EDUCATION SECURITY INFORMATICS SLAVIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP SOCIAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION SOCIAL WORK SOCIOLOGY SOCIOLOGY OF WORK AND BUSINESS SPANIS LYSIS SPECIAL EDUCATION SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY SPORT MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT STATISTICAL SCIENCE STATISTICS STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CONSULTING SUPPLY CHAIN AND OPERATIONS SUPPLY CHA TAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT TELECOMMUNICATIONS VISION SCIENCE WATER RESOURCES WEST EUROPEAN STUDIES WOMEN'S STUDIES WORK AND BUSINESS ZOOLOGY ACCOUNTING ADULT EDUCATION ANATOMY ANCIENT STUDIES ANIMAL BEHAVIOR AREL MERCHANDISING APPLIED ECOLOGY APPLIED HEALTH SCIENCE ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS ATHLETIC TRAINING ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE AUDIOLOGY AND HEARING SCIENCE AUDITORY SCIENCES BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH BIOCHEMISTRY BIOINFO MECHANICS BIOSTATISTICS BIOTECHNOLOGY BUSINESS BUSINESS ANALYTICS BUSINESS ECONOMICS CHEMICAL PHYSICS CHEMINFORMATICS CHEMISTRY CLASSICAL STUDIES–LATIN AND GREEK COGNITIVE SCIENCE COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE COMMUNITY HEALTH COM ERNATIONAL AFFAIRS COMPARATIVE LITERATURE COMPOSITION COMPUTER MUSIC COMPOSITION COMPUTER SCIENCE CULTURAL STUDIES CURRICULUM STUDIES DECISION SUPPORT MODELING DIETETICS DIGITAL ART EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES A T ASIAN STUDIES ECONOMIC CONSULTING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS / MATHEMATICS ECONOMICS / POLITICAL SCIENCE ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER MUSIC ENERGY ENGLISH ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTREPRENEUR PORATE INNOVATION ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EPIDEMIOLOGY ETHNOMUSICOLOGY EVOLUTION, ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR EX SIOLOGY EXERCISE SCIENCE FINANCE FOLKLORE FRENCH GAME STUDIES GENERAL BUSINESS GENETICS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES GERMANIC STUDIES GERONTOLOGY GLOBAL HUMAN DIVERSITY GLOBAL STUDIES GLOBAL SU NAGEMENT GRAPHIC DESIGN GREEK HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT HEALTH ADMINISTRATION HEALTH BEHAVIOR HEALTH EDUCATION–SECONDARY TEACHER PREPARATION HEALTH FITNESS SPECIALIST HIGHER EDUCATION AND STUDENT AFFAIRS HISTORY HISTORY AND P ENCE HISTORY OF ART HUMAN BIOLOGY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY HUMAN PERFORMANCE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION DESIGN HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES IMMERSIVE MED IRONMENTS INDIA STUDIES INFORMATICS INFORMATION AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE INFORMATION SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS INQUIRY METHODOLOGY INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE EDUCATION INESS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ITALIAN JEWISH STUDIES JOURNALISM KINESIOLOGY LABOR STUDIES LANGUAGE EDUCATION / WORLD LANGUAGES LANGUAGE SCIENCES LATIN LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN STUDIES LATINO STUDIES LAW LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LEA SOCIAL ACTION LEARNING SCIENCES LEGAL STUDIES LIBRARY SCIENCE LINGUISTICS LITERACY, CULTURE AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION MANAGEMENT MARKETING MASS COMMUNICATION MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICS EDUCATION MEDICAL SCIENCES DIES METALSMITHING AND JEWELRY DESIGN METHODOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY MOTOR LEARNING AND CONTROL MUSIC MUSIC EDUCATION MUSIC INFORMATICS MUSIC THEORY MUSICAL THEATRE MUSICOLOGY NEAR EAST
HOW FAST IS BIG RED 200?
It would take everyone in the state of Indiana more than 28 years—performing one calculation per second 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year—to perform the same number of calculations that Big Red 200 can do in just one second.
Big Red 200 is almost 300 times faster than Big Red and 6 times faster than Big Red II—which is almost 6 million times faster than an iPhone XS.
HOW BIG IS BIG RED 200?
Big Red 200 can process 53 times more data in memory than Big Red and 10 times more data than Big Red II. For example, Big Red 200 can process 71,000 3GB brain scans in RAM simultaneously.
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