Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood

This case study was written by Northern Development Foundation (NDF) and the Huay Hin Lad community with support from Oxfam-GB

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on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

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Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood: A Case Study

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4 Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood:

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5 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

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Research objectives

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6 Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood:

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7 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

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9 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

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11 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

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12 Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood:

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13 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

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14 Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood:

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DUHD 7KHUHIRUH IRUHVW FRQVHUYDWLRQ LV EDVLFDOO\ D FRPPXQLW\ YDOXH WKDW KDV EHHQ LPSOHPHQWHG XQWLO WR GDWH %HVLGHV DJURIRUHVWU\ VKLIWLQJ FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG FROOHFWLQJ IRUHVW SURGXFWV IDUPHUV LQ +XD\ +LQ /DG 1RN KDYH FRPPHUFLDOO\ JURZQ FRUQ IRU WKHLU LQFRPH IRU PRUH WKDQ \HDUV QRZ 7R JURZ FRUQ IDUPHUV SUHSDUH ODQG LQ 0DUFK VRZ LQ 0D\ DQG KDUYHVW LQ 6HSWHPEHU $IWHU KDUYHVW WKH ODQG LV QRW XVHG IRU ÀYH PRQWKV WR DOORZ WKH ODQG WR UHJHQHUDWH $FFRUGLQJ WR FRUQ SURGXFWLRQ VWDWLVWLFV RQO\ DERXW NJ RI FKHPLFDO IHUWLOL]HUV DQG NJ RI KHUELFLGHV DUH XVHG RQ D UDL RI ODQG WKH WRWDO ODQG DUHD IRU FRUQ SODQWDWLRQ LV UDL RU KHFWDUHV 2I WKH WKUHH KDPOHWV +LQ /DG 1DL GRHV QRW XVH IHUWLOL]HUV DW DOO 3KD <XDQJ KDV VWDUWHG XVLQJ VRPH IHUWLOL]HUV DQG +LQ /DG 1RN XVHV WKH PRVW DPRXQW RI IHUWLOL]HUV IRU FRPPHUFLDO FRUQ SURGXFWLRQ

Research finding on Food Security and Ecological Footprint: Low-consumption and low-emission community +XD\ +LQ /DG FRPPXQLW\·V SURGXFWLRQ LV D PL[WXUH RI VHOI VXIÀFLHQW DQG FRPPHUFLDO DJULFXOWXUH 7KH FRPPXQLW\·V PDMRU VRXUFHV RI LQFRPH DUH IURP VHOOLQJ WHD OHDYHV IRUHVW SURGXFWV FRUQ DQG OLYHVWRFNV $QQXDO DYHUDJH LQFRPH SHU IDPLO\ LV 7KDL EDKW,, ZKLOH DQQXDO DYHUDJH H[SHQGLWXUH SHU IDPLO\ LV 7KDL EDKW ,W ZDV DOVR IRXQG WKDW HDFK IDPLO\ LQFXUV DQ DYHUDJH GHEW RI 7KDL EDKW SHU \HDU VHH &KDUW 7KH PDLQ FDXVH RI GHEWV LV DJULFXOWXUDO

15 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

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16 Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood:

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Table 1: Income, expense, and debts of Hin Lad Nok, Pha Yuang, and Hin Lad Nai in year 2008 $YHUDJH %DKW <HDU

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Chart 1. Comparison of income, expense, and debt per family in Huay Hin Lad community (Hin Lad Nai, Pha Yuang, and Hin Lad Nok villages) in year 2008

17 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

Chart 2. Source of staple food (rice, tubers and vegetables) in Huay Hin Lad community in year 2008

Chart 3. Source of meat for community consumption in Huay Hin Lad community in year 2008

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18 Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood:

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Chart 4. Comparison of ecological footprints of Hin Lad Nai, Pha Yuang, and Hin Lad Nok with Thailand and the United States

19 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

Shifting cultivation and community forest help to mitigate greenhouse gases

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20 Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood:

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Table 2: Capacity of carbon storage in Hin Lad Nok, Pha Yuang, and Hin Lad Nai $UHD &RPPXQLW\ IRUHVW DUHD +LQ /DG 1DL 3KD <XDQJ +LQ /DG 1RN $JULFXOWXUDO DUHD 3DGG\ Ã&#x20AC;HOG 6KLIWLQJ FXOWLYDWLRQ 5HKDELOLWDWLQJ IRUHVW DJH \HDUV

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21 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

Table 3: Emission of greenhouse gases from activities in Huay Hin Lad community in year 2008 $FWLYLW\

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Table 4: Comparison of the capacity of carbon storage and carbon emission by shifting cultivation in Hin Lad Nai, Pha Yuang, and Hin Lad Nok in year 2008 $UHD <HDU LQ F\FOH 5DL

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1 methane molecule can cause global warming equivalent to 21 CO2 (IPCC, 1995) 1 nitrous oxide molecule can cause global warming equivalent to 310 CO2 (IPCC, 1995) 3 The amount of carbon stored includes both above-ground and soil carbon. Values were calculated on the basis of the study

by Thomas (2004). 3-year fallow: total 50.7 t/ha (47.8 soil, 2.9 above-ground); 6-year fallow: 76.2 t/ha (60.1 t/ha soil, 16.1 t/ha above ground); 10-year fallow: 158.4 (107.4 t/ha soil, 51 t/ha above-ground).

4 The amount of carbon emitted was calculated on the basis of an estimate of actual vegetation burned and thus above-ground carbon released, which was estimated to be about 80% of the total above-ground carbon. Soil carbon remains unaffected.

2

22 Climate Change, Trees and Livelihood:

Chart 5. Comparison of carbon storage and carbon emission by farm activities in Hin Lad Nai, Pha Yuang, and Hin Lad Nokin year 2008

23 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

Conclusion

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25 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

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References

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27 A Case Study on the Carbon Footprint of a Karen Community in Northern Thailand

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Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD)

Northern Development Foundation (NDF)

International Work Group for Indegenous Affairs

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