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figure/ground
similarity proximity closure continuance translation rotation reflection glide/reflection dilation symmetric balance asymmetric balance ambiguous balance neutral balance
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4
gestalt laws of grouping
First proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects. Gestalt psychologists argued that these principles exist because the mind has an innate disposition to perceive patterns in the stimulus based on certain rules.
principles of grouping
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6
figure/ground the perceptual tendency to separate a figure from the background
7
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similarity things which share visual characteristics will be seen as belonging together in the viewer’s mind
9
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proximity objects or shapes that are close to one another appear to form groups
11
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12
closure the satisfaction of a pattern encoded, as it were, into the brain, thus triggering recognition of the stimulus
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continuance direction from one form to another creates a fluid connection among compositional parts
15
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symmetric operations
The law of symmetry states that the mind perceives objects as being symmetrical and forming around a center point. It is perceptually pleasing to divide objects into an even number of symmetrical parts. Therefore, when two symmetrical elements are unconnected the mind perceptually connects them to form a coherent shape. Similarities between symmetrical objects increase the likelihood that objects are grouped to form a combined symmetrical object.
symmetry
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translation the linear generation of a figure in an equal point to point correspondance or mapping
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rotation symmetric opperation that turns the figure about a predeterminned axis
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reflection symmetric operation that rotates the mapping of the figure 180 degrees
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glide reflection translation combined with a reflection about a plane parallel to the direction of the translation.
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dilation a dialative operation which creates a change in size, usually in regular intervals
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gestalt laws of grouping
when balanced, a composition appears stable and visually right. Just as symmetry relates to aesthetic preference and reflects an intuitive sense for how things “should� appear, the overall balance of a given composition contributes to outside judgments of the work.
compositional balance
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symmetric balance equal weight and importance on both sides of a composition.
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asymmetric balance balance achieved in a composition when neither side reflects or mirrors the other. Not symmetrical.
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ambigous balance balance characterized by a lack of, or unclear, relationships between compositional elements
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nuetral balance characterized by randomness and ambiguous equilibrium
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Justin
38
desn 200 in the graphic design program at the kcai—michael kidwell, assistant professor.
Skaggs
//20xiv//