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5Z325FF1DK!D[!1KL525FL! 123&5*(R3<)&2%+&%+:3=&"+&)(&>*(%=36&("*&A$6=+&$6&5*(="<$6?&%6&36)*%6<3K&G3#<(A$6?&)*%93##3*+& $6)(&)23&Y;6=2%A&W$);&%*3%&%#(6?&)23&<$);&>("6=&8*$6<3++&j*33G%;C&12$+&$6+7##%7(6&A"+)&>3& 3Q<$76?&%6=&3;3&<%)<2$6?K&+(A3)2$6?&)2%)&$6+5$*3+&%6=&36<("*%?3+&B"*)23*&*3i3<7(6&(6&)23& =3+$?6&%k3*&)23&@*+)&?#%6<3C&Y236&<(6+$=3*$6?&("*&=3+$?6&)23&3#3A36)+&G3&<(6+$=3*3=&%*3&)23& i%)&G$=3&#%6=+<%53K&2$?2&+533=&)*%f<&A(93A36)K&+36+3&(B&5*$=3&)(&#(<%#&<(AA"6$);K&%+5$*%7(6%#& $6)36)&)(&<*3%76?&%&63G&=$+<("*+3&%6=&362%6<$6?&Y;6=2%A&W$);E+&5#%<3&(6&)23&<"#)"*%#&A%5C 123+3&3Q%A5#3+&2$?2#$?2)&)23&%>$#$);&(B&<(A5"76?&$6&X*<2$)3<)"*3&)(&<*3%)3&+(A3)2$6?&J"$)3& %A%F$6?K&D%<2&3Q%A5#3&"+3+&J"$)3&=$s3*36)&A%)3*$%#+&)(&5*(="<3&J"$)3&=$s3*36)&(")<(A3+C&Y3& G$##&<%**;&)2*("?2&$=3%+&(B&+5%<$%#&A(93A36)&5%+)&%&+5%<3&)2*("?2&)(&("*&=3+$?6&B(*&)23& Y;6=2%A&<$);&?%)3G%;C&8*(>%>#;&A(+)&*3#39%6)&)(&("*&=$+<(93*$3+&$+&j*%6:&L23*;M+&3Q53*$36<3& A"+$<&5*(R3<)K&)23&B*%A$6?&+;+)3A&<*3%)3+&%&+:3#3)(6&B(*&)23&>"$#=$6?&)2%)&<2%6?3+&G$)2&5*(?*3++& 5%+)&)23&+)*"<)"*3&G2$<2&$+&)23&:3;&$=3%&G3&G("#=&#$:3&)(&)%:3&$6)(&("*&=3+$?6&B(*&)23&L%)3G%;& 5*(R3<)C&123&5*(<3++&(B&A(9$6?&5%+)&)23&+)*"<)"*3&$+&:3;&="3&)(&)23&#(<%7(6&(B&)23&+$)3K&)*%f<& *"6+&3$)23*&+$=3&(B&)23&L%)3G%;&+(&)23+3&J"%#$73+&G$##&)*%6+#%)3&>3U3*&%+&%&=;6%A$<&3Q53*$36<3& )2*("?2&+)%7<&B(*A&*%)23*&)2%6&)23&()23*&G%;&%*("6=C&12*("?2&%&<2%6?$6?&$6&+2%53&(B&3%<2& 5$3<3&(B&+)*"<)"*%#&B%>*$<&G3&+33&%6&"6="#%76?&B(*A&)2%)&<2%6?3+&+2%53&%+&)23&3;3&A(93+&5%+)&$)C& Y3)23*&$)&$+&#%)3*&<(93*3=&$6&%6&3Q)3*6%#&B%>*$<&(*&#3k&>%*3&)23&$=3%&+7##&*3A%$6+C&123&$=3%&(B&)23& <(AA"6$);&%6=&M+33=+&(B&<2%6?3K&%#+(&+)*$:3+&*3+(6%6<3&G$)2&)23&<(6+)*"<7(6&(B&%6&393*& <2%6?$6?&B(*AC
ae
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&$'!+&!"&!.8!&$%+!#'-&("G!#!--.&!I'!(-*'"&!W'Q%&$.(&!(7+'&&%-,!&$'!+&"(#&("'!!-*!'>7$!+'+ .8!&$'!&"!*%&%.-!)!7".8'++%.-N!.8!&"!*%&%.-!) &G7.).,%'+N!!-*!.8!&"!*%&%.-!)!>.*'+!.8 '-;%+!,%-,!&$'!!"#$%&'#&("!)!+(IB'#&!hij4]
M%*)'"N!0-&$.-G!_=OOO`4!a2';%'Q!.8!2'&$%-W%-,!0"#$%&'#&("' !-*!L$'!0-!'+&$'&%#+!.8!0"#$%&'#&("'!IG!K'!)!J'!#$bN T!";!"*!<'+%,-!?!,!R%-'N!99N!774!9E@N!74!/
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94=4!:.>7(&%-,!%-!0"#$%&'#&("'
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0"#$%&'#&+!!"'!()&%>!&')G!#$."'.,"!7$'"+!.8!+G+&'>+N!!-*!&$' ! I'-'8%&+!.8
FDc2:5A!k(""G!l!F#"%7&%-,!:()&("'+!_=O99`!3,4!SEP9
3. contemporary scripting cultures
94/4!3!"!>'&"%#!?.*'))%-,
FDc?0Y0!?cF5c?! FERNANDO ROMERO
123&4("A%;%&A"+3"A&$+&#(<%)3=&$6&%&B(*A3*&$6="+)*$%#&F(63&=%76?&B*(A&)23&apZ.E+C&123&%*3%&)(=%;&5*3+36)+& 2$?2&<(AA3*<$%#&5()367%#C&123&A"+3"A&5#%;+&%&*(#3&$6&)*%6+B(*A%7(6&(B&)23&%*3%&%+&%&5*3&3A$636)&<"#)"*%#& 5*(?*%AC&I)&$6=$<%)3+&)23&)*%6+B(*A%7(6&(B&)23&"*>%6&53*<357(6C&I)&=3@63+&%&63G&5%*%=$?A&$6&2$+)(*;&(B& V3Q$<%6&%6=&$6)3*6%7(6%#&%*<2$)3<)"*3&G$)2&$)E+&"+3&(B&$6)3*3+76?&A(*52(#(?;&%6=&)(5(#(?;&)2*("?2&5%*%A3)*$<& =3+$?6C
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0a
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94@4:!+'!8."!%--.;!&%.-!:.-#)(+%.-
3. contemporary scripting cultures
FDc?0Y0!?cF5c?!
12$+&=3+$?6&3Q5*3++3+&>363@)+&(B&)23&"+3&(B&5%*%A3)*$<&=3+$?6&%6=&<(6)3A5(*%*;&+<*$576?v&5*(?*%AA$6?&<"#)"*3+K& %+&+)%)3=&A;&'(#%*39$<&X*<2$)3<)"*3&$6&)23&=$?$)%#&%?3H'(#%*39$<]&5%*%A3)*$<&=3+$?6+&<%6&5*(9$=3&B(*&m5(G3*B"#& <(6<357(6&(B&%*<2$)3<)"*%#&B(*A&>;&=3+<*$>$6?&%&*%6?3&(B&5(++$>$#$73+K&*35#%<$6?&$6&)23&5*(<3++&+)%>#3&G$)2&9%*$%>#3K& +$6?"#%*$);&%6=&A"#75#$<$);E&12$+&=3+$?6&<(6<35)"%#$F3+&%&B(*A&G$)2&B%<3+&)2%)&%*3&9%*$%>#3&%6=&6()&+)%>#3&5*(="<$6?& %&*3+"#)&)2%)&<("#=&6()&%+&3f<$36)#;&>3&%<2$393=&>;&%6;&()23*&5*(<3++C&IB&G3&B(<"+&(6&)23&)(5&i((*&G3&+33&%& +"+536=3=&*((B&B*(A&%&<%67#393*&)2%)&%##(G+&6%)"*%#&#$?2)&i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u%=3&(B&5%63#+&*%6?$6?&$6&+2%53&%*3&6()& 5(++$>#3&G$)2(")&)23&23#5&(B&<(6)3A5(*%*;&+<*$576?v&5*(?*%AA$6?&%6=&<(A5")%7(6%#&=3+$?6C
5Z325FF1DK!D[!1KL525FL j3*6%6=(&^(A3*(E+&4("A%;%&V"+3"A&$+&#(<%)3=&$6&V3Q$<(C&123&=3+$?6&(B&)2$+&>"$#=$6?&<*3%)3+&A"<2&$6)3*3+)K&%+&$)& +33A+&)(&2%93&>336&<*3%)3=&B*(A&$6+$=3&(")K&mG*%55$6?E&)23&(")+$=3&%*("6=&B(*A&%6=&A(7(6&(B&)23&$6)3*$(*&*%A5+C& X#)2("?2&)2$+&$+&%6()23*&3Q%A5#3&(B&B*%A$6?&B(*&5(++$>#3&<(6+$=3*%7(6&(B&)23&Y;6=2%A&W$);&L%)3G%;&8*(R3<)K&$)&$+& 6()&)23&B*%A3=&$6+$=3&G$)2&(")3*&B(*A&)2%)&<*3%)3+&A(+)&$6)3*3+)&$6&)2$+&=3+$?6C&123&(*?%6$<&B(*A&2%+&>336& =3+$?63=&B*(A&23Q%?(6%#&5#%)3+&?*("53=&$6)(&aK...&\(63&)2("+%6=]&=$s3*36)&B%A$#$3+&)2%)&A%:3&"5&)23&B%u%=3C& 1G36);&3$?2)&\0e]&+)33#&<"*93=&<(#"A6+&(B&=$s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
00
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1?0X5!FDc2:5A$&&7ACCQQQ4*'+%,-I..>4#.>CQ'I).,C#!&CVC;%'QC99PSVC+.(>!G!E>(+'(>EIGE8'"-!-*.E".>'".E !"#$%&'#&+4$&>)
=494!1-7(&C0++.#%!&%.-CD(&7(&!?!&"%6
:cL!<5[1K1L1DK!?0L21Z
4. cut
=494!1-7(&C0++.#%!&%.-CD(&7(&!?!&"%6
:cL!<5[1K1L1DK!?0L21Z
=494!1-7(&C0++.#%!&%.-CD(&7(&!?!&"%6
:cL!<5[1K1L1DK!?0L21Z
j"*)23*&3Q53*$A36)%7(6&G$)2& ?$936&<")&=3@6$7(6+K&)3+76?& 3Q)*"+$(6&(B&<$*<#3+&"+$6?& %U*%<)(*&5($6)+&%6=&%#+(&"+$6?& $A%?3&+%A5#3*+&)(&<*3%)3& "6="#%76?&B(*A+C&12$+&<("#=&>3& 23#5B"#&$6&=3+$?6$6?&)23& ?%)3G%;&5*(R3<)&%+&$)&G("#=&>3& J"$)3&%553%#$6?&)(&)23&3;3& )*%93##$6?&5%+)&$)&$6&%&<%*C
0-
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4. cut
=494!1-7(&C0++.#%!&%.-CD(&7(&!?!&"%6
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5.=4=4!2';'"+'E5-,%-''"'*!:!+'EF&(*G reverse engineered case study
F30K1FT!30M1J1DK X#)2("?2&)23&+2%53+&%*3&6()&53*B3<)#;&+;AA3)*$<%#&23Q%?(6+&)23;&5*(="<3&%& 5%U3*6&)2%)&$+&5(++$>#3&)2*("?2&A%)23A%7<+&%6=&%=9%6<3=&<(A5")%7(6%#& +(kG%*3C&I&2%93&%U3A5)3=&)(&*393*+3&36?$633*&)2$+&>"$#=$6?&>;&A%:$6?&%&63n6?&
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