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EGACY Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow.

WEDNESDAYS • Dec. 16, 2015

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INSIDE

VSU welcomes Dr. Abdullah as new president - 2 How has the system failed black youth? - 6 The nightmares before Christmas - 10 Are black scientists ‘less advanced’? - 15

Richmond & Hampton Roads

LEGACYNEWSPAPER.COM • FREE

Removing barriers to opportunity for parents with criminal records and their children Researchers suggect a two-generation approach

Nearly four decades of mass incarceration and overcriminalization have made the United States the world leader in incarceration and arrests. The number of Americans in federal and state prisons and jails has quintupled over the past four decades—nearly 2.3 million Americans are behind bars today— leaving the U.S. incarceration rate at more than six times the average across developed nations.

Communities of color—and particularly, men of color—are hit hardest, with black men six times more likely and Latino men twoand-a-half times more likely to be incarcerated than white men.

An even greater share—between 70 million and 100 million Americans, or as many as one in three American adults—have some type of criminal record. Many have been convicted of only minor offenses, such as misdemeanors—and many only have arrests that never led to a conviction.

But whether or not an individual has been incarcerated, having a criminal record often carries a lifetime of consequences, lasting long after someone has paid his or her debt to society.

A new analysis from the Center for American Progress (CAP) reveals that between 33 million and 36.5 million children in the U.S. —nearly half of U.S. children— now have at least one parent with a criminal record. A previous CAP report, “One Strike and You’re Out,” also noted that having even a minor criminal record can be a life sentence to poverty, presenting obstacles to employment, housing, education and

An inmate looks at his daughter during a special visit. Such visits are common in jails nationwide. training, public assistance, financial empowerment, and more.

While the effects of parental incarceration on children and families are well-documented, less appreciated are the family consequences that stem from the barriers associated with having a criminal record, whether or not the parent has ever been convicted or spent time behind bars. A child’s life chances are strongly tied to his or her circumstances during childhood.

Thus, these barriers may not only

affect family stability and economic security in the short term but also may damage a child’s long-term well-being and outcomes, according to CAP. “Our new analysis estimates that between 33 million and 36.5 million children in the United States—nearly half of U.S. children—now have at least one parent with a criminal record,” notes Rebecca Vallas, director of policy for the Poverty to Prosperity Program at CAP. “In this report, we argue that parental

criminal records significantly exacerbate existing challenges among low-income parents and their families. “We explore the intergenerational effects of criminal records through five pillars of family well-being.”

Vallas and co-authors Melissa Boteach, vice president of the Poverty to Prosperity Program at CAP; Rachel West, senior policy analyst with the Poverty to

(continued on page 3)

2 • Dec. 16, 2015

The LEGACY

News

VSU welcomes Makola M. Abdullah, 14th president With a pledge to transform Virginia State University into “Virginia’s Opportunity University” Dr. Makola M. Abdullah, Ph.D. met his new university family on Dec. 10.

His term officially begins on Feb. 1, 2016, making him VSU’s 14th president.

“I believe in God. I believe in family. I believe in the transformative nature of education. I believe in Virginia State University,” he said in introductory remarks.

Abdullah, his wife, Dr. Ahkinyala Abdullah and his mother are products of historically black institutions (HBCU). Both the Abdullah’s son, Mikaili (Morehouse) and daughter Sefiyetu (Howard) will attend an HBCU. “I love HBCUs,” Abdullah explained, with understatement. “I have a long history of understanding the mission of HBCUs. HBCUs represent opportunity in America.”

In a departure from his HBCU heritage, Abdullah attended Northwestern University for his master’s and doctoral studies. At 24, he became the youngest black in Northwestern’s history to receive a Ph.D. in engineering.

Abdullah and his wife are both natives of Chicago. Their children were both born and raised in Florida.

“We’ll have to buy them a coat,” he quips.

Before coming to VSU, Abdullah served as provost and senior vice president at Bethune-Cookman University (B-CU), a private, historically black university in Daytona Beach, FL; provost and vice president for academic affairs at Florida Memorial University, the only Historically Black College and University (HBCU) in Miami; and as dean and director of 1890 Land Grant Programs in the College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU). At FAMU. Abdullah enjoyed a distinguished 15 year tenure.

“Dr. Abdullah’s academic

credentials are indeed impressive, but what set him apart was his approach to higher education,” said VSU Board of Visitors Rector and Search Committee Chair Harry Black. “In Dr. Abdullah, we have a president who will position VSU not only to meet the challenges of everchanging technology, but to lead the transformation; to challenge others to keep pace with us.”

VCU notes that Abdullah met with “tremendous success” as provost and senior vice president at B-CU. During his tenure, that university: - Increased the number of faculty with terminal degrees by 25, a 12.5 percent increase. These hires helped double the number of faculty involved in research and more than doubled B-CU’s competitive research funding; - Established the College of Undergraduate Studies and invested resources to improve academic support to increase retention and graduation rates. These investments helped the university maintain its retention rate and raise six year graduation rates; - Oversaw the expansion of online initiatives that included an increase in the number of online courses by 10 percent and the addition of six new, certified online degree programs; - Established innovative institutional learning outcomes and revised its core curriculum., including mandatory courses in leadership and entrepreneurship for all incoming students; - Secured new accreditation for B-CU’s Computer Engineering Program; - Helped secure more than $1 million for the support of B-CU’s new College of Health Sciences and for the Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Development; - Implemented four new graduate programs to provide additional quality experiences for students.

Rector Black said that Abdullah is particularly knowledgeable of VSU’s land-grant heritage, noting the more than $5 million in research funding Abdullah raised as a single PI, and

Dr. Makola M. Abdullah, Ph.D. the more than $20 million overall he secured from various federal agencies as a faculty member at FAMU. Abdullah vows to embrace his new role with both hands “in a way you hold something precious.” He plans on engaging alumni with the

same vigor, saying “the academic excellence of an institution is defined by the accomplishments of its alumni.”

In introducing Dr. Abdullah, Rector Black quoted Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “’Intelligence plus character is the true meaning of education.’

www.LEGACYnewspaper.com

Dec. 16, 2015 • 3

RPS poverty reduction initiative underway The city of Richmond, in partnership with Richmond Public Schools (RPS) and the Richmond Public Schools Education Foundation, have highlighted the poverty reduction initiative RVA Future Centers at the Armstrong High School Future Center. RVA Future Centers have launched in all five comprehensive city high schools this semester.

Future Centers are dedicated classroom spaces within each school building that are resource hubs for connecting high school students and their families to college and career planning resources. A full-time site coordinator from each Future Center develops and implements a schoolspecific plan to engage all students

(from page 1) Prosperity Program at CAP; and Jackie Odum, research associate with the Poverty to Prosperity Program at CAP. They note that the following are affected: Income Parents with criminal records have lower earning potential, as they often face major obstacles to securing employment and receiving public assistance.”

Savings and assets Mounting criminal justice debts and unaffordable child support arrears severely limit families’ ability to save for the future and can trap them in a cycle of debt.

Education Parents with criminal records face barriers to education and training opportunities that would increase their chances of finding well-paying jobs and better equip them to support their families.

Housing Barriers to public as well as private housing for parents with criminal records can lead to housing instability and make family reunification difficult if not impossible.

Family strength and stability Financial and emotional stressors associated with parental criminal records often pose challenges in maintaining healthy relationships

Richmond Mayor Dwight C. Jones and family stability.

“Because these challenges affect such a large share of our nation’s children, we ignore these intergenerational consequences at our peril,” the authors note. “In this report, we make the case for a ‘two-generation approach’ to address barriers to opportunity associated with having a criminal record. We then offer policy recommendations to give both parents with criminal records and their children a fair shot.”

They note that as bipartisan momentum continues to mount in support of criminal justice reform, now is the time to find common ground and enact solutions to ensure that a criminal record does not consign an individual—and his or her children and family—to a life of poverty.

Last month, the White House announced new actions to promote rehabilitation and reintegration for the formerly- incarcerated. Among the actions are providing adult reentry education grants to provide education, providing guidance for who can live in public and other HUD-assisted housing, expanding tech training and jobs for those with criminal records, permanent supportive housing for the reentry population through pay for success, and juvenile reentry assistance program awards to support public housing residents.

included representatives from RPS, in developing a personal plan for life RPS Education Foundation, all four after high school, starting in their local colleges and universities, the ninth grade year. Future Center staff work closely with RPS guidance State Council of Higher Education for Virginia, and other stakeholders. staff and community organizations The city’s FY2015-16 budget providing college and career planning provides $425,000 to the RPS assistance such as GRASP. Education Foundation to start the “Access to opportunity makes all 409 E.inMain St. person’s #4 (mailing) program.

• 105 1/2Additional E. Clay St. (office) support from the difference a young private funders, including AT&T, life. Making sure as many of Richmond, our VA 23219 Capital One, (fax) and the Mary young people as possible leave high 804-644-1550 (office) •Altria, 1-800-783-8062 Morton Parsons Foundation, has school with a plan to go toads@legacynewspaper.com college allowed the program to open in all or a solid career plan is one of the five schools this year. most cost-effective investments “We are appreciative of the support we can make in long-term poverty and energy both the city of Richmond reduction,” said Mayor Dwight C. and RPS have invested to make this Jones.

Ad Size: 6 inches 3 inches)a reality in a very terrific X program “RVA Future Centers are the first (2 column(s) step in building a comprehensive short period of time,” said Brendan 1 Issue - $102 support system, including financial McCormick, chair of the RPS Rate: $17 per column inch and non-financial assistance, to Education Foundation.

RVA benefit all Richmond high school Next run date: Nov. 25,Future 2015 Centers will function both as an anti-poverty initiative students as they begin the transition and as a supplement to the academic to becoming productive adults.” improvement plan of Richmond RVA Future Centers are the result Public Schools, which has set targets of recommendations made by the for increasing the proportion of its Promise Scholarship Task Force graduates going on to enroll in postassembled by the Mayor’s Office of secondary education.

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4 • Dec. 16, 2015

The LEGACY

Virginia senator aims to protect LGBTQ state employees for good with new legislation Gov. Terry McAuliffe, in his first day of office, signed an executive order protecting LGBTQ state employees from workplace discrimination. For those LGBTQ employees in different parts of state employment, when the portrait of now disgraced former Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell went down, and Terry McAuliffe’s went up, it came with a wave of relief.

McDonnell had taken steps to specifically remove sexual orientation from the state’s list of protected classes when he took office in 2009, similarly signing an executive order on his first day in office undoing the work former Gov. Tim Kaine had done.

The unnecessary stress associated with gubernatorial whims is what Sen. Adam Ebbin (image) hopes to remove from LGBTQ state employees with his new bill, SB12.

As it sits now, the Virginia Human Rights Act makes it illegal for the state to discriminate against an employee or possible hire over their “race, color, religion, national origin, sex, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, age, marital status, or disability shall.”

Ebbin hopes to add sexual orientation and gender identity to

that list permanently, taking the power out of the governor’s hands and making it the law of the land.

“It is a no brainer that the commonwealth and subdivisions should be hiring and evaluating employees on their workplace performance and no other factors,” said Ebbin in a phone interview.

He’s been advocating for this kind of legislation for some time, but last year, for the first time, he received bipartisan support on the issue when Delegate Ron Villanueva (R-21) submitted his own house bill with mirrored language.

“In today’s day and age, we recognize new categories…” said Del. Villanueva during a hearing at a Republican controlled committee last year. “The military has advanced programs on this, as well as federal and private employers who have taken leadership on this. And we’re asking Virginia to take leadership and promote it the Virginia way.”

Both Senate and House bills aimed at providing these protections died in committee last year, leaving little hope this time around, and Ebbin hasn’t yet confirmed Villanueva’s support for this year, but the Senator is confident the protections will be added some day.

Governor’s two-year budget to include salary increase for state employees, teachers Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe has been releasing bits and pieces of his 2016-2017 budget in recent weeks. The budget includes funds for 2 percent pay increases for state employees, college faculty, teachers, sheriff’s deputies and other public workers. This is the first time since 2008 that a governor’s introduced budget has included dollars for state

worker pay increases.

“Our state employees, professors, teachers and deputies are working hard to help build a new Virginia economy, and we are pleased to recognize their contributions with a well-deserved pay increase that will benefit thousands of Virginia families and their communities.

“My budget includes substantial

“[It is] still essential that all employees know they are protected,” he said. “The idea is that we have certainty in the code over Virginia, and this is a policy matter, and not subject to the whim of different governors.”

“Polling shows that overwhelming majorities of Virginians support

workforce protections for state employees,” said Ebbin, referencing a 2015 William Institute Poll which showed 80 percent of Virginians support providing these protections.

Ebbin’s bill is headed to the General Laws and Technology committee this session.

investments in Virginia’s key resources, and our public servants are truly among our most valuable assets,” said McAuliffe on WRVA’s “Ask the Governor” radio show.

The two-year budget plan includes $159.5 million for the following pay increases: • $60.6 million for a 2 percent base pay increase for all state employees, including college and university faculty and staff, effective July 10, 2017. Employees are eligible for the pay increase if they received an appropriate rating on their most recent performance evaluation.

• $83.3 million for the state’s share of a 2 percent salary increase for teachers and other instructional and support positions covered by the

Standards of Quality, effective July 10, 2017.

•$15.6 million for 2 percent pay increases for state-supported local employees, including sheriff’s deputies and other constitutional officers and staff, voter registrars and local electoral board employees, community services board staff and local social services board employees, effective Aug. 1, 2017. The governor’s office notes that these raises are contingent on certification by the local city or county governing board.

The pay proposals in the budget plan are contingent on a stable revenue forecast for fiscal year 2018.

McAuliffe will unveil his complete biennial budget on Dec. 17 in Richmond.

© GayRVA

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Dec. 16, 2015 • 5

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6 • Dec. 16, 2015

Op/Ed & Letters

The LEGACY

Has our system failed our youth?

CHARLES COLE III Each time I am confronted with the news of another police officer killing a black child, I find myself bracing to digest a bevy of emotions. There is a profound sadness that is immediately followed by anger and frustration which comes from losing another brilliant life too soon. As a black educator, there is an added layer of complexity to these emotions because I am always questioning whether the death of that child is somehow connected to some failure of a teacher or a school system that might have somehow kept that young person from being in a particular situation.

While a teacher cannot stop a bullet and will never be able to spend every moment at the side of all of their students, there is an unquestionable impact that those who teach have on the lives of the children they see in school everyday.

Beyond basic elements of common sense, it has been proven that, from a psychological perspective, having black teachers involved in the lives and instruction of black students has a positive effect on those students and their own self-perception. Many students in our communities come to school daily facing challenges of unspeakable magnitudes that black educators are uniquely equipped to deal with. Black educators can often address these challenges either through relating their own similar experiences or simply by way of cultural intangibles that stretch beyond the notion of human empathy. We may not always be successful, but the one child we are The LEGACY NEWSPAPER Vol. 1 No. 46 Mailing Address 409 E. Main Street 4 Office Address 105 1/2 E. Clay St. Richmond, VA 23219 Call 804-644-1550 Online www.legacynewspaper.com

able to reach may be the life we keep from becoming the next hashtag on social media.

As I watched the video of Laquan McDonald gunned down by police officers in Chicago, my mind wasn’t simply on his family or that city.

Much like the case of 12-year-old Tamir Rice in Cleveland--a case which, even after a year, seems to have as much uncertainty surrounding it as it did when he was first killed--I thought with great trepidation about the other youth in that city. I could not help but to wonder who might be next, and, also to ponder what I and other teachers like me could do next to prolong the answer to that query for as long as possible.

So much of where our young people end up is about the choices they make. We can all think of a handfull of choices that we made, or that were influenced by someone in our lives, which proved to be a significant factor in leading us to where we are as adults. The support system that should exist in our schools is a critical element toward helping our youth make good choices that will give them the best chance at safety and survival. It may not have been able to save the lives of LaQuan or Tamir, but those are just two unfortunate examples. There is an unfortunate number of countless other children in our community that are lost to gun violence and other ills that can be traced directly to choices. Perhaps I am somewhat naive in believing this, but I do feel that having more black teachers in classrooms might be the difference The LEGACY welcomes all signed letters and all respectful opinions.

Letter writers and columnists opinions are their own and endorsements of their views by The LEGACY should be inferred. The LEGACY assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material.

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in a young person’s choice--and, that choice might be the difference that keeps that young person alive.

This issue is systemic and one that we are witnessing the effects of nationwide. Our children are being taught by too many teachers who are strangers to our communities.

From Minneapolis to Chicago and beyond, there are simply too many teachers that approach their jobs with a “those kids” mentality when the key is to view them as “our kids”.

That is a difficult attitude to adopt when you are not truly immersed in the fabric of a community. There are some cities that have residency mandates for civil workers, but an alarming number of professionals skirt around that rule by using false addresses where they don’t live, or, the requirements are no longer mandated after 3-5 initial years on the job. Even in districts where residency requirements are permanent mandates, those are only marginally effective because they still allow for folks who live in comfortable, safe, well-off neighborhoods to venture into poorer areas just to “teach” for a few hours, “earn” a paycheck and then return to the comforts of home just as soon as the day is done. Home for many of these teachers exists outside the world that our young people are forced to navigate and so there is seldom a real connection made there.

It is a problem somewhat unique to our communities and one that has had the most drastic effect(s) on our

youth.

The problem also goes deeper than school systems. Our children are policed and prosecuted by too many who do not and refuse to try to understand them. Oftentimes our community’s kids are little more than numbers and statistics and these same authority figures become more interested in maintaining order than investing in solutions. It is a formula that stacks the deck against our children and in favor of failure at some step in the system’s process.

A school that is heavy with teachers and administrators who, while perhaps well-intended, don’t fully understand the needs of a particular student.

That student, lacking the proper support, finds themselves in a neighborhood policed by officers who are, at best, vaguely familiar with cultural norms from within that community. Eventually, that young person is in front of a prosecutor that is equally unfamiliar and likely unconcerned with the details preceding whatever act led the student to the point of their interaction, and so the prosecutor ends up addressing a symptom without once attempting to shift the focus toward dealing with larger problems. At every point, the system that is purportedly intended to protect our youth has failed them miserably.

So what is the solution? First and

(continued on page 7 )

www.LEGACYnewspaper.com

Dec. 16, 2015 • 7

P.T. Hoffsteader, Esq.

If you’ve been following the Fisher V. University of Texas case, you’ve read some of the reactions to Justice Scalia’s comments this week when the Supreme Court heard the case.

We do ourselves a great disservice when we jump all over people for failing to phrase a question in the best possible way. Justice Scalia’s question was an important one that needed to be asked. It’s very clear that Justice Scalia was referring to the extensive empirical literature that shows race-preferential admission policies end up hurting rather than helping their intended beneficiaries, especially in the area of science and engineering. This literature was discussed in the amicus brief that I filed along with Peter Kirsanow.

What is disturbing is how quick Senator Reid and members of the media were to accuse Justice Scalia of racism. The evidence shows that we could substantially increase the number of minority scientists, engineers, and physicians in just a few years if minority students interested in those careers attended schools where their entering academic credentials put them in the middle or upper third of the class.

But, if everyone who talks about that evidence gets accused of racism, it will never happen.

Gail Heriot ***** The failure of the Richmond City Council to manage the taxpayers dollars has been a complete failure.

The City Auditor Mr. Umesh Dalal has reported and documented that internal control structure according to Government Auditing Standards encompasses the agency’s plan,

policies, procedures, methods and processes adopted by City Council to meets its mission, goals, and objectives and includes the processes for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling program operations.

The audits on the agencies of Procurement, OMBD and the Finance Department have the same findings that showed a pattern of lack of proper written procedures, lack of oversight for non-compliance of procurement procedures, procurement transactions were processes without supporting documentation, lack of transparency and lack of formal processes. The audit performed by HUD’s OIG found that RRHA faulted on procurement rules because they mistakenly believed that it was properly procuring services and because of non compliance over $6.5 million in public housing operating funds was paid under 58 contracts.

Dalal, requested a forensic audit because of the magnitude of funds being procured without proper documentation enforcement. City Council nor the mayor has responded to this request and that is the travesty of this city.

Citizens of Richmond must require that the next City Council and mayor are educated and has the will to enforce the implementation of proper internal control structure that ensures compliance with policies and procedures.

Earl Bradley Henrico ***** In another epic fail of this administration, it was announced that women will now be given combat duty as well as included in the draft,

should one be reinstituted.

Offering reassurances that woman will have to pass the same stringent physical fitness tests as do the men, it was not mentioned that those ‘standards’ have been lowered to accommodate women.

Another fact that has been suppressed is the dramatic increase of male on male sexual assault. Can anyone be surprised considering the lunacy of allowing homosexuals to serve openly and flamboyantly?

Truly, for those honorable and noble men and women who have chosen to serve this country, these recent social experiments are a devastating blow, a deliberate mockery and demoralizing force.

When contacting Senator Kaine’s office I was told he fully supports women in combat because “he supports equality”. I couldn’t contain my burst of laughter, as I asked, “seriously???” To those of us who have not drunk the kool-aid of politically correct insanity, it is abundantly clear women and men are completely and beautifully different, a perfect and divinely created complement to one another.

Feminists love to scream about the “war on women” while at the same time advocate that sisters, mothers, and daughters experience the real terrors of war.

Pressing further with Sen. Tim Kaine’s snarky constituency assistant I asked what kind of man would not be distracted by a female counterpart being wounded or captured? He responded that these men are “professionals”, they would be trained to override those concerns and focus on the mission at hand.

I contend that to ‘train’ men to quit being men, to suppress the innate

and wholesome characteristic of protecting women and children is to foment a dangerous loss in national character devoid of chivalry, nobility, honor, integrity and respect.

Catherine Crabill Irvington

(from page 6) foremost, we must avoid looking at this as a problem that only affects X community in X city. This is something that affects us all, and until we begin to own it with a “we” attitude rather than a “them” mindset, we will never approach this with the requisite amount of passion needed to turn things around. Second, we must understand the importance of education as part of the discussion of black lives. If #blacklivesmatter, then #blackminds must matter as well. That means injecting the conversation with discussion surrounding access to quality education and addressing all institutions (law enforcement, etc.) that are potential impediments to healthy and productive learning environments in and outside of classrooms. Third, we must realize and emphasize the importance of black professionals entering fields that will interact with our youth. Our children deserve quality examples of teachers, school administrators, policemen, and prosecutors who look like them. They need the strongest voices resembling their own to help guide them as best they can with respect to those life and death decisions. We cannot allow our system to fail another child. The price is simply too great.

Cole is an educator focused on the advancement of all youth of color but more specifically black males.

The LEGACY

8 • Dec. 16, 2015

Faith & Religion

Racial and religious identities collide leaving black Muslims overlooked MASHAUN D. SIMON As pundits, political strategists and talking heads debate Republican Presidential candidate Donald Trump’s call to ban all Muslims from entering the United States, there is one group of individuals still left out of the conversation.

African American Muslims are reacting to the statements of the GOP front-runner from a different set of lenses; lenses that not only involve their religious identity, but also their racial identity — realities often overlooked and neglected in such conversations.

Jihad Ahmed, 42, believes the African American Muslim community feels slighted in many ways, not just the most recent anti-Muslim sentiments.

“No one is speaking for us,” he said.

“No one is speaking for the black Muslim, Sunni Orthodox."

It is a sentiment shared by many within the African American Muslim community, Kameelah Rashad points out. For a very long time, she says, the public imagination of what is Muslim has excluded Black Muslims.

“Part of the reason is because people want Islam to be foreign to them - outside,” she said. “But my ancestors built this country. I usually lead with, ‘Hi, I am a descendent of enslaved Africans brought to this country by your people.”

Rashad, who works as the interfaith fellow and Muslim chaplain at the University of Pennsylvania, said African American Muslims are not seen as typical members of the Muslim community.

Usually, African Americans are stereotypically associated with Christianity.

“Most think of the Black Church when they think of black or African American,” Rashad points out.

Jihad Ahmed with four of his eight kids: (left to right) Ahmed's daughter Ahmed (20), son Suhayb (3), daughter Ameenah (17), and son Aqil (15). Jihad Ahmed

Kameelah Rashad and her two kids third of Muslims in this country are African American.”

According to the Pew Research Center’s 2015 Religious Landscape Study, Muslims make up less than 1 percent of the United States population. While the majority of those in the United States are immigrants - somewhere around 60 percent - about a third of those overall in the United States are black.

Sherman Jackson, King Faisal Chair of Islamic Thought and Culture and director of the Center for Islamic Thought, Culture and Practice at the University of Southern California, points out that African American Muslims have ties to the United States that stem as far back as pre-United States status.

“By blood, they are the brothers, uncles, mothers, fathers, sisters, aunts, grandparents and nieces of millions of non-Muslim Americans.

In sum, Trump cannot target black American Muslims without affecting millions of black American (and other) non-Muslim Americans who love and cherish their Muslim kin,” he said via email.

“We have to pushback against this idea that Islam is foreign,” Rashad added.

When Ahmed initially heard of Trump’s statements, the Philadelphia deputy sheriff said the word “fool” is what immediately came to mind.

“For Trump to be a businessman, I felt the statements were contradictory,” he said. “He runs businesses that have dealings with wealthy Muslims and Arabs in the Middle East, Dubai, Turkey, and numerous others.”

And then he thought of his family.

With eight children, four boys and four girls, Ahmed said he

(continued on page 17)

www.LEGACYnewspaper.com

Dec. 16, 2015 • 9

Union to offer library service for religious leaders Union Presbyterian Seminary’s William Smith Morton Library (WSML) will launch a new service in 2016 designed to provide theological resources to individuals with leadership or teaching roles in religious organizations.

Beginning Jan. 4, those who can provide evidence of such a role -whether ordained or non-ordained, paid or unpaid -- will be eligible to apply for library privileges at a reduced rate of $50 a year.

“Morton Library is a unique resource in the region and one of the best theological libraries in the country,” said WSML director Christopher Richardson. "While rising costs have led us to focus on serving students, faculty, staff and alumni, we also want to engage and invest in a wider theological community. This service allows us to do both.”

The new service puts a world-class

theological collection within reach of a wide range of individuals at a price that small organizations and most individuals can afford: less than $5 a month. It is for anyone who is serving a religious congregation, agency, school or non-profit in an official capacity, paid or unpaid: pastors, priests, Sunday School teachers, youth leaders, choir directors, board and committee members, administrators and others, whether Christian or of another faith.

“Union’s primary mission is to form and equip leaders for the work of ministry,” said Union Presbyterian Seminary President Brian K. Blount.

“Access to a first rate theological library is key to the accomplishment of that mission.”

Morton Library provides resources related to a broad range of religious topics but its collections are particularly strong in the fields of biblical studies, Reformed theology

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and the history of Christianity. It offers around 336,000 print volumes, over 75,000 e-books, over 27,000 media resources, over 500 print periodical subscriptions in religion and cognate fields, over 18,000 unique e-journal titles and additional electronic resources in 22 research databases. Its reference collection is unusually deep and its unique special collections attract researchers from around the world.

“When people think of a seminary library, they often think of students, course requirements, and degree programs,” said Ken McFayden, academic dean of Union’s Richmond campus. “Overlooked are the treasures of printed and digital material that may be resources to the ministries of pastors, Christian educators, and other church leaders.”

Because of licensing agreements, users of the new service will not have off-campus access to all of the

library’s electronic resources, but they will be able to view all materials on-site and check out, at one time: up to five books, 10 curriculum resources, three visual media items, 10 audio items, two kits and two games.

To qualify for the new service, individuals will need to provide either a letter from a religious organization attesting to their role or some other form of evidence, such as contact information on a website.

Short-term researchers will have the option of applying for a free daily pass by advance appointment and students at most area colleges and universities already have access to Morton Library through the Richmond Academic Library Consortium.

Some Presbyterian and Methodist leaders will qualify for discounted privileges through denominational agreements.

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The LEGACY

The nightmares before Christmas – and how to avoid them It’s that time of year again! The time when your stress levels go through the roof as you shop, cook, wrap, decorate, travel and party-plan yourself into a tizzy while trying to create the perfect holiday season.

Social experts have identified some of the top stress-inducing holiday nightmares and offer some helpful tips for avoiding them this year.

Identity Theft: “Watch out for requests via email and through social media sites for donations from fake charities. If you are going to donate this holiday season, go directly to the website of a charity,” said cybersecurity expert Rob D’Ovidio, PhD, associate professor of sociology and criminal justice in Drexel’s College of Arts and Sciences.

D’Ovidio also can offer tips on how to avoid becoming a victim of fraud while shopping for gifts online.

The Winter Blues: Getting to the office before the sun rises and leaving when it is already dark outside can throw off a person’s biological clock and cause the winter blues to creep in. Don McEachron, PhD, a teaching professor in the School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, is an expert on circadian rhythms and the body’s responses to natural light. He can comment on how to keep your biorhythms in synch during winter.

“Early morning light exposure can help to reduce or even eliminate the symptoms of winter depression,” McEachron said. “For some, this takes the form of therapeutic light boxes prescribed by a health care provider. There is also evidence that so-called ‘dawn simulators,’ which mimic the gradual rise of the sun, can help.

Terrible Toys: Every year, parents dread the toys that their kids will ask Santa for – whether it’s violent video games, toys with a million tiny pieces or ones with batteries that always need to be replaced. Michael Glaser, an assistant professor and director of the product design

program in the Westphal College, advises people to give the kids in their life toys that will provide hours and years of creative play. “To activate a child's creativity, choose toys that encourage open-ended play; toys that permit the child to invent, explore and dream. This can include toys that are labeled STEM or STEAM such as K’nex or Snap Circuits.”

Stress: When holiday shopping is stressing you out, take a break from the mall and light a cinnamon candle, suggests Stephanie Maxine Ross, the director of the Complementary and Integrative Therapy Program in the College of Nursing and Health Professions.

An expert on alternative therapies, Ross says that the aromas of the holidays—like pine needles and spices—can be therapeutic. One oil formula she suggests, called “Tis the Season Home Spray,” is designed to capture the essence of the season, evoke pleasant memories and bring a sense of calm. To create it, add five drops of pine, five drops of neroli and two drops of cinnamon to ounces ounces of water.

Overeating: “Always try to eat some low-calorie, low sugar/low fat food before heading off to a party to take the ‘edge’ off your appetite,” advises Jennifer Nasser, PhD, associate professor in the College of Nursing and Health Professions and director of the PhD program in nutrition sciences. Nasser’s research focuses on how neurotransmitters in the brain — namely, dopamine — react to food intake and what that means when applied to obesity, eating disorders and aging. To get a live look at the brain during a meal, Nasser has used a functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device to analyze the brain’s responses to different foods.

Retail Madness: Retailers often build complexity in product prices

(continued on page 11)

Ask Alma Deciding to move on Dear Alma, I have been with this person for six years, and we’ve had our up and downs, like any relationship. We are living apart but he still wants us to keep our friendship. I don’t, because he needs to get himself together financially and mentally.

Basically, I feel if someone truly loves you they will do whatever it takes to be with the person. He’s just not moving fast enough for me.

I do love him and want to be with him, but I can’t wait any longer.

Now my problem is trying to move on and forget him. What’s the best way to handle this?

Anonymous Dear Anonymous Six is the magic number. So you’ve been with him for six years. You guys don’t live together; you aren’t engaged, and he needs to get it together. He wants to continue a “friendship,” but you want more, and since he hasn’t obliged, you’re ready to move on.

First, I applaud you for making the decision to break it off, redefine, redirect and find your joy. Some people stay in an unfulfilled relationship for the sake of being in a relationship, and that’s never a healthy decision.

Truth be told, let’s give him credit: a friendship is all that he wants, and a friendship is all that he has to offer – to you. You, on the other hand, have decided that’s not enough, and that’s okay. You know you better than anyone else.

By making the decision to break it off and move on in your mind, all you need now is for your heart to catch on. That ol’ heart always takes a little more time with this sorta thing, doesn’t it? While working through the heartache, keep in mind – after a break-up, we think…and ponder…and reminisce…about how we wish it could have been. I call

that the coulda, shoulda, woulda stage.

Since you will be thinking about it, for a little while anyway, put yourself on the path of thinking about the real deal of what’s been happening for the past six years.

Write it down. That way, you can recall and reread what really happened and how it made you feel.

Now, the next step toward moving on – take the time to refuel. I’d suggest focusing on what brings you strength. If there’s a particular minister or motivational speaker you like, listen to them, every day.

If you like to walk, run, dance, workout, swim, do that for yourself – every day – or as much as you can. Download your best pick-meup songs on your iPod, and listen to them. Hum along and take it all in. Let’s imagine you’re preparing to take a long road trip. Close your eyes, see yourself at a gas station; you’re filling up your tank – a red sports car, I hope.

Do the same for your heart – refuel. Keep busy, find a new hobby. How about volunteering at church, with the elderly, a charity, or with kids? Take the focus off him and focus on you. Use this time to allow yourself to work on being the best person you can be who without a doubt is taking the time to live her life to the fullest. You can do it!

***** Want advice? E-mail questions to alwaysaskalma@yahoo.com.Follow her on Facebook at “Ask Alma” and twitter @almaaskalma *****

www.LEGACYnewspaper.com

Dec. 16, 2015 • 11

Obama names favorite song, book and movie of 2015 President Barack Obama says “How Much a Dollar Cost”, by Kendrick Lamar, a Grammy-nominated rapper from Compton, California, is his favorite song of 2015. In an interview released last week, Obama also shared his favorite book and movie of the year. They are “Fates and Furies,” a novel about a marriage by Lauren Groff, and “The Martian,” starring Matt Damon.

Groff seemed flabbergasted upon learning of Obama’s book selection. “Never, even in my most grandiose dreams, did I think the president would read my book, let alone like it,” she said through her publisher, Riverhead Books. Groff’s book was a finalist for the National Book Award and has appeared on numerous lists of the year’s

(from page 10) making it harder for shoppers to compare prices, according to Rajneesh Suri, professor of marketing in the LeBow College of Business. Price complexity might be impacted by aspects other than the often-assumed culprit: the tricky math behind the price promotions.

Colors, fonts, location of prices and background music impact consumers’ decisions. “Being aware of recent research on price promotions behind such consumer decision-making can help consumers lift the fog created by confusing price promotions.”

Holiday Décor Arms Race: Pop culture expert Ron Bishop, PhD, a professor of communication and culture in the College of Arts and Sciences, can talk about America’s culture of excess during the holidays, exemplified by outrageous Christmas light displays, as discussed in his book “MORE: The Vanishing of Scale in an Over-theTop Nation.” Bishop advises people to “take with a giant grain of salt the media's narrative about having to imbue every last nook and cranny of the holidays with excess. And if that doesn't work, grab a cup of coffee

best books.

Obama’s wife, Michelle, revealed her picks, too, saying that she can’t get enough of Bruno Mars’ song “Uptown Funk.” She and a troupe of dancers performed to the lively song earlier this year on “Ellen.”

For her favorite book, Mrs. Obama picked another marriage tome, “The Light of the World,” by family friend Elizabeth Alexander.

It’s about the unexpected death of Alexander’s husband in 2012 and raising their two sons in the aftermath. And for the first lady’s favorite movie? She chose “Inside Out,” an animated film led by comedian Amy Poehler.

or a glass of wine, cuddle with your significant other and watch your favorite holiday special.”

Fashion Faux Pas: While the ugly

under dressed if you make sure you have a little black dress on hand. If it’s a dressier event, accessorize with jewelry and a sheer leg with heels.

If it’s a bit more

Christmas sweater has transcended the fashion faux pas and actually become a holiday must-have, there are plenty of other “fashion don’ts” you should avoid this season. Lisa Hayes, associate professor and director of the fashion design program in the Westphal College of Media Arts & Design, can weigh in. “Keep it simple! It’s all about the LBD (little black dress),” said Hayes. “You can avoid looking too fussy, too over dressed, too sleazy, too glitzy or too

relaxed, accessorize with an opaque leg and maybe even a boot and chunkier or more casual scarf.”

Loss in the Family: “Plan ahead. Come up with a list of things or people that will help you cope with your sadness so you don’t feel so lost when a sensitive topic arises,” said Suzanne Levy, PhD, clinical director of the Attachment-Based Family Therapy Training Program in the Drexel College of Nursing and Health Professions’ Center for

Family Intervention Science. She conducts training workshops for Attachment-Based Family Therapy treatment and also supervises therapists across the country and globe. She’s also co-authored the book, “Attachment-Based Family Therapy for Depressed Adolescents.”

Family Feuds: “Give yourself permission to set boundaries. Some find being around extended family stressful because they want to please everyone and meet family members’ expectations.

Instead, be honest about your limitations,” said Erica Wilkins, PhD, assistant professor in the College of Nursing and Health Professions.

Wilkins, who is also a clinical coordinator in the college’s Couple and Family Therapy Department, said those limitations could be as simple as not wanting to be in charge of desserts for the year or extend to speaking up about not wanting to host all of the cousins this time. And another standby? “Take five,” Wilkins said.

“Step outside, go for a walk or even offer to run a holiday errand to give yourself time to take some deep breaths.”

12 • Dec. 16, 2015

The LEGACY

VCU recognized among nation’s best for closing minority graduation rate gap While the U.S. Supreme Court was listening to arguments for and against affirmative action -- and by extension, diversity -- in the nationa’s universities, one Virginia institution of higher leeaning was celebrating its diversity.

Virginia Commonwealth University is listed among the nation’s top public institutions of higher learning for boosting graduation rates for underrepresented minority students and for closing the graduation rate gap between minorities and white students, according to a report released last week by The Education Trust, whose goal is to close the gaps in opportunity and achievement. The organization notes that achievement gaps consign far too many young people — especially those from lowincome families or who are black, Latino or Native American — to lives on the margins of the American mainstream.

The report, “Rising Tide: Do College Grad Rate Gains Benefit All Students?”, found that VCU increased the six-year graduation rate for black, Latino and NativeAmerican students by 15.5 percent between 2003 and 2013 and narrowed the graduation gap between underrepresented minorities and their white peers by 3.3 percent over the same time period.

“The Education Trust report helps to illustrate the university’s ongoing commitment to supporting minority students,” said Luke Schultheis, Ph.D., vice provost for strategic enrollment management. “And our trends continue to improve. In the fall of 2015, VCU reported the graduation rate for African-American students increased to 64 percent, which continues to exceed the national average.”

The Education Trust, a nonprofit advocacy organization that promotes high academic achievement for all students at all levels, prekindergarten through college, examined six-year graduation rates

among first-time, full-time students at 1,309 four-year public colleges and universities. VCU was one of 26 “top-gaining institutions” highlighted in the report for vast improvements in completion rates for all students, increasing graduation rates for underrepresented students and declining gaps in graduation rates between underrepresented and white students.

“VCU is committed to the success of all students. Closing the graduation gap has been a university priority for several years with appropriate resources and support from the highest levels to make it happen,” said VCU President Michael Rao, Ph.D. “Most of all, this is a testament to our students, who are unrelenting on their path to success, and the dedication of our faculty and staff who mentor and support them.”

VCU information 3-year average graduation rate for URM students (2013) - 53.9 10-year change in URM student graduation rates (2003-2013) - +15.5 3-year average overall gaduation rate (2013) - 55.4 10-year change in overall graduation rate (2003-2013) - +13.2 3-year average graduation rate for white students (2013) - 55 10-year change in white student graduation rate (2003-2013) - +12.2 10-year change in gaps between white and URM students (03-13) -3.3 SOURCE: “Rising Tide: Do College Grad Rate Gains Benefit All Students?” by The Education Trust

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Dec. 16, 2015 • 13

14 • Dec. 16, 2015

The LEGACY

eVA’s new B2B Connect meant to help vendors partner to compete Virginia has launched a free business-to-business (B2B) collaboration feature for eVA, Virginia’s electronic procurement system. According to the governor’s office, B2B Connect will makes it easier for businesses to find partners and establish relationships when competing for government contracts.

B2B Connect feature is an online, publicly accessible message board that enables businesses that are looking to collaborate on a specific Virginia contract the ability to post their willingness to partner on that opportunity. The feature is particularly beneficial for Small,

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Women-owned and Minority-owned (SWaM) businesses, which often partner with larger companies to compete for state contracts for anything from construction projects to providing medical, technology or other services.

“Increasing small business participation in government contracting is critical to establishing a new Virginia economy. As federal dollars continue to disappear, it is our small businesses that we will rely on more than ever to keep Virginia’s economy strong,” said Gov. Terry McAuliffe. “Any time we can remove hurdles for our existing businesses to grow and thrive, we’re putting the Commonwealth in a better position to compete on a national and global scale.”

Whether it’s a large business preparing a bid response and looking for partners in order to meet SWaM requirements, a small business looking to fulfil a specific portion of a large project, or even several small businesses partnering together, B2B Connect creates an online space for businesses to meet, connect, and collaborate. These connections could lead to partnerships in the private sector, as well.

The B2B Connect feature is accessible on all solicitations published on eVA’s public Virginia Business Opportunities (VBO) page. eVA registration is not required to

view and/or use B2B Connect.

B2B Connect also is available on eVA’s mobile app, eVA Mobile 4 Business. Last year, eVA’s mobile apps won the George Cronin Award for the nation’s top prize for innovative state procurement programs. eVA is run by the Department of General Services’ Division of Purchases & Supply. Since its inception in 2001, eVA has been recognized as the nation’s leading electronic procurement system, transforming the way state and local governments buy goods and services, dramatically improving transparency of what government buys, and delivering over $40 million in savings annually to state agencies, universities and localities. eVA also pays for itself, requiring no General Fund appropriations.

“Virginia has long been recognized as a national leader in procurement innovation,” said Chris Beschler, director of the Department of General Services. “Adding tools like B2B Connect to the powerful eVA platform helps fulfill the commonwealth’s promise of making government contracting equal and accessible for all businesses.”

Lynne Bushey, senior vice-president of CGI, DGS’ technology partner for eVA. said this is a prime example of how technology solutions can be leveraged for more efficient and effective government.

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It’s looking a lot like Christmas First lady Michelle Obama helps sort toys for the Marine Corps Foundation's Toys for Tots drive for the sixth straight year at Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling last week. PHOTO: Scott Pauley

Dec. 16, 2015 • 15

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Black scientists respond to Scalia’s suggestion that ‘less advanced’ classes are more suitable DEXTER THOMAS When Chanda Prescod-Weinstein left her home in Los Angeles and headed off to Harvard for her freshman year, the undercurrents were both predictable and fierce.

“You only got in because you’re black,” classmates told her. If not for affirmation action, they said, you'd never be a student on a campus like this.

They were wrong.

Prescod-Weinstein went on to write her doctoral dissertation, “Cosmic Acceleration as Quantum Gravity Phenomenology,” at the University of Waterloo in Canada and is now a research fellow studying theoretical cosmology at MIT. Along with other black students, scholars and scientists across the country, Prescod-Weinstein stands in glaring contradiction to the legal reasoning of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, who in oral arguments in a Texas affirmative action case this week suggested that a school such as the University of

Dr. Chanda Prescod-Weinstein Texas at Austin might be too taxing for black students. He said they might fare better at a “less-advanced school ... a slower-track school.”

Listen to the Supreme Court discussion on affirmative action Speaking from the bench, Scalia went on: “Most of the black scientists in this country don't come from schools like the University of Texas.

They come from lesser schools.”

Scalia's words drew a sharp rebuke

from Prescod-Weinstein and other black scholars who felt stung by the thought that they were somehow unprepared for the rigors of math and science and that affirmative action was just code for a lack of quality.

The Texas case, in which a white student alleges that she was passed over for admission to make room for minority applicants, has again made affirmation action part of the national conversation and has awakened old arguments.

In his comments, Scalia appeared to be referring to the “mismatch theory,” which argues that affirmative action actually harms some minority students by admitting them to schools where they'll compete against classmates with far higher admission test scores.

Students who enter college under such circumstances, the theory holds, will probably be academically overmatched, potentially contributing to the dearth of black scientists.

Elizabeth Wayne is among those who reject such thinking and believe the challenges for black students run far deeper.

Wayne, a University of Pennsylvania

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graduate who has a doctorate in biomedical engineering from Cornell University, recalled that if her white classmates performed poorly, professors might offer them tutoring or coveted research opportunities to help get them up to speed. “They would give them the benefit of the doubt,” she said.

She felt she did not have that luxury. “I had to be at the top of my class, or people would think I didn't belong there.”

Wayne, who discusses race in her podcast called “PhDivas,” fears Scalia's statements could justify discrimination and erode educational opportunities for minorities.

“What if the admissions officer at University of Pennsylvania had said, ‘She’s black; there's no way she’ll do well in a physics program at a prestigious university’?” she said.

“What if they thought they were doing me a favor by not accepting me?”

Prescod-Weinstein pointed to a 2010 study of MIT faculty that showed that 59 percent of all underrepresented minorities in science departments came from

(continued on page 17)

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Calendar

The LEGACY

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES & EVENTS

12.19, 7:30 p.m.

12.18, 5 p.m.

Travel to a galaxy far, far away during Science After Dark at the Science Museum of Virginia. The museum presents a special evening of science with cameos from famous faces in film, including C3P0, R2D2 and Iron Man. The Dome theater will feature an all-live Star Wars themed Cosmic Expedition at 6:30 pm, followed by a special screening of Iron Man at 8 pm. Before the shows, guests can explore the museum to uncover androids, cyborgs and cuttingedge technology in the traveling exhibition, Alien Worlds and Androids.

In Alien Worlds and Androids, guests discover fantastic cosmic realms depicted in popular science fiction films and unearth alien-like creatures found on our planet. The futuristic exhibition explores distant galaxies to the microscopic ‘aliens’ that live inside our bodies and asks the question “Are we alone in the universe?” Take a journey through the cosmos and step outside to stargaze through telescopes with the Richmond Astronomical Society.

Science After Dark is a monthly evening event held on the third Friday of the month at the Science Museum of Virginia. The next Science After Dark will be held on Friday, Jan. 15.

Science After Dark admission is free for members. Advance reservations for the Cosmic Expedition and Iron Man are highly recommended. Call 804-864-1400 to reserve your seats.

National Megan’s Law Helpline & Sex Offender Registration Tips Program

Call (888) ASK-PFML (275-7365)

Keep public notices within reach by keeping them in print in the pages of your dependable local newspaper.

Provide your name and locality.

We’ll tell Virginia legislators you want it in print.

Call 804-521-7581or email keepitinprint@vpa.net

Submit your calendar events to calendar@legacynewspaper.com.

Include contact infomation that can be published.

The first Christmas concert under the direction of Friends of Virginia Choral Society’s new artistic director, Sarah Frook will continue some of the group’s long-standing traditions as well as begin some new ones.

“Sounds of the Season” takes place at Trinity Lutheran Evangelical Church, 6807 Huntington Ave., Newport News. On Dec. 19 the concert is at 7:30 p.m. and on Dec. 20 the concert is at 4 p.m.

The concerts will help you get into the spirit of the season as the choral society sings a variety of traditional and new music selections, both sacred and secular, ranging from “Of the Father’s Love Begotten,” which is accompanied by handchimes, to “The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)” and from “The Holly and the Ivy” to “Jingle Bells.” We will also present music in Latin, Hebrew and Russian.

New for this year, VCS has invited three local high school choirs (at each of the first three performances) to join with our family Christmas concerts for your added enjoyment.

At the fourth concert, accompanist Diane Snider, will present a solo organ performance for your enjoyment.

Ongoing

Riverside Center for Excellence in Aging and Lifelong Health is offering the FAMILIES Program, a free, federally grant funded program to provide counseling support to caregivers of persons with dementia.

To determine if you are eligible for this program or to learn more, call Riverside Senior Care Navigation at 757-856-7030. HOUR: MondayFriday, 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.

The program is currently available to residents of James City County, York County, Newport News, Hampton, Poquoson, Williamsburg, Gloucester and Mathews.

Dec. 16, 2015 • 17

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(from page 8) became alarmed. Especially for his daughters and his wife who are on the frontlines.

“They are covered up. When you see them, you see Muslim. But for me, you see my clean shaven face; you don't know I am Muslim until you see my name,” he said. “Kind of makes me think of Adolf Hitler and how he labelled the Jews living in Germany. Remember, early on Trump said he wanted all Muslims here in America and the mosques to be registered. That went by people’s radar and caused a few waves, but did not cause as much of a stir as his most recent statements.”

Trump’s anti-Muslim sentiments also caused Rashad, who is married and also a mother, think of her family - especially her son. She called it her “Momma Bear” mode, adding in the wake of the Black Lives Matter movement and Trump’s antiMuslim sentiment, she worries about her son’s life chances.

“We are caught in the middle of the really intense discussion around the value of black life and the value of black Muslim lives,” she said.

Jackson suggests Trump’s statement creates a shift of sorts.

“It means fundamentally that we have moved from citizenship as a status that does not discriminate on the basis of religion, to some other criterion that does discriminate

on that basis. This renders some Americans ‘more American’ than others, more entitled to Constitutional protections than others, based purely on their religion," he said. “This is partly what this country was established to avoid. In fact, even when blacks did not qualify for citizenship, when congress restricted citizenship to ‘free white persons’ in 1790, religion, including Islam, was not a bar to becoming an American.”

Some have said that Trump’s statements further anti-American sentiment around the world. Jackson, in some ways, agrees those “all too happy to condemn” America now have evidence to support their claims.

“This will play right into the hands of many in the Muslim world,” he said. “Trump’s proposal will give these detractors a nice fat ‘I told you so’ on a silver platter.”

And yet, what would be next for Trump, his supporters and those who would agree with him?

Rashad points out that when one group is demonized they are dehumanized which leads to all sorts of abuses to others -- and America has a history of dehumanizing and abusing entire communities and cultures. For Rashad, this is a moment for African Americans, whether Muslim or not, to see the connection that white supremacy has created for all groups.

“America we need to get this right.

(from page 15) either MIT, Harvard or Stanford. The University of Texas at Austin, which Scalia suggested was too fast-paced for some black students, was not on the list.

Although a “mismatch” in preparedness may be a small factor for any student struggling in a classroom, the MIT report concludes that a large hurdle facing black science students is that schools simply don't think they belong there.

More than half of black faculty members at MIT reported being mistaken for support staff, the study found, and nearly half reported being mistaken for a trespasser — someone who didn't belong on campus at all.

Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, director of the Hayden Planetarium

Elizabeth Wayne in New York and host of last year's documentary series “Cosmos: A

“I would say to the Muslim community, particularly the moderate Muslims, please concentrate on how you can help to identify radicalized individuals so that you put yourself squarely on the side of the American populace, so that people aren’t really wondering which side that you’re on.”- Rashad Native American genocide, racial intolerance, it all is embedded within white supremacy,” she said. “We need to connect the struggles… If we are silent about any of our identities, this is not going to end well.”

Ben Carson, another Republican candidate hopeful, expressed some of his hopes regarding Trump's statements and the Muslim community during a town hall at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, MI recently. He even offered solutions for how Muslims can prove whose side they are on.

“I would say to the Muslim community, particularly the moderate Muslims, please concentrate on how you can help to identify radicalized individuals so that you put yourself squarely on the side of the American populace, so that people aren’t really wondering which side that you’re on,” he said, adding, “We have to fight to the tendency to react out of fear and Spacetime Odyssey,” describes the alienation he felt as a black child who showed an interest in astrophysics.

“Teachers would say, ‘Don’t you want to be an athlete?’” he recalled in a video that went viral last year.

Scalia wasn't the only justice whose comments on the affirmative action case seemed off-key to some.

“What unique perspective does a minority student bring to a physics class?” wondered Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. Wayne, now a research fellow at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, said Roberts’ question could easily be interpreted as: How can white students benefit from having a black face in the classroom?

The remark was ironic to Sylvester James Gates Jr., a theoretical physicist at the University of

emotion in this kind of situation.”

Trump’s statement, and even Carson's assertion, point to one explicit truth for Jackson, Ahmed and Rashad: division is not an option.

“Trump wants to convey the sense that Muslims are, should or can be separated from America. Muslims cannot be separated from America,” Jackson said. “What needs to happen is for these non-Muslim Americans to stand up alongside their Muslim family-members and declare that they will not tolerate their family and loved ones being alienated in this fashion.”

Jackson believes Trump’s ‘blatant, hate-filled discrimination” should inspire action and activism across communities. This is not just a Muslim problem.

“All Americans, period - especially racial and religious minorities - who know the infectious nature of bigotry, should line up against his candidacy,” he said. “Bigotry is a very blunt sentiment, and those who harbor it are not likely to stop with Muslims.”

Rashad agrees there must be a call for transformative legislation that addresses Native American issues, black and Latino, even Muslim issues.

“We cannot just pander to one community. We have to address the issues of each marginalized community across the board,” she said. “People are effected and dealing with multiple identities. It makes for a more dynamic political process.”

Maryland at College Park. He has written more than 200 scientific publications and is known for his work in supersymmetry, supergravity and superstring theory.

“The same unique perspective I have and that has apparently allowed my research to create never previously known forms of mathematics … showed up when I was a minority student in a physics class,” he said in an emailed statement to The Times.

He would not be where he is today, he said, without informal affirmative action policies that began in 1969 and helped him gain entry to MIT, where he earned his bachelor's and doctorate degrees.

“Diversity,” he said, “often contains the seeds of innovation.”

18 • Dec. 16, 2015

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