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UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD! School of Art Design and Architecture! Department of Architecture and 3D Design! THA 1121 Architectural Dissertation!
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The Barn Revolution! Why did the Barn Conversion become so popular?!
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An Investigation into the Economic, Cultural! and Historic changes in rural areas of the UK.!
! ! !! ! A Special Study submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for ! BA (Hons) Architecture!
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By Jack Oliver Petch u1256051!
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The candidate confirms that the work submitted is their own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others.!
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February 2015!
Acknowledgements : I would like to thank my tutor Dr Yun Gao, Kendra Moorley and Caterina Benincasa for their invaluable guidance and advice through this research project. I would also responded to my questionnaire.
The Barn Revolution. Why did the Barn Conversion become so popular? An investigation into the Economic, Cultural and Historic changes in rural areas of the UK.
Abstract. This study aimed to explore the social and economic factors that have resulted in an
It focuses particularly on the timeline of events, notably Foot and Mouth Disease and Planning regulations, as well as a commentary on media, demographics and historic precedents. It argues that a multitude of factors increased awareness, and through the timing of propitious conditions, conversions in rural areas became more available. The broadcasted media, despite initial disapproval of councils towards developments. This has lead to a change in planning regulations allowing easier conversion of Barns into residential properties. This found, though analysing search information, television episode listings and Questionnaire results, that 2004 was a major date and pinpointed between 2006 and 2010 as secondary key period for when ‘Barn Conversions’ became more culturally prominent in British awareness.
historical trends as precedents. The research contrives the term “Barn Ornée” to describe high-cost architecture found in many rural areas; correlates Passivhaus principles and design strategies with Arts and Crafts architecture and questions if prefabrication techniques and vernacular appreciation are, in fact, mutually exclusive.
Word Count : 6,027.
Contents. List of Figures Introduction Chapter 1 : The Changing Landscape Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………p.3 1.1 Growth of Conversion Culture ………………………………………………….p.3 1.2 Problems with Barns …………………………………………………………….p.5 1.3 The change of Rural Aesthetic …………………………………………………p.5 Conclusion
……………………………………………………………………………p.5
Chapter 2 : The Turn of the Millennium. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………..p.7 2.1 Barns across Britain ………………………………………………………..…….p.7 2.2 Foot and Mouth Disease …………………………………………………..…….p.9 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………p.11 Chapter 3 : Converting in 2004 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………..p.12 3.1 Planning Regulations ……………………………………………………………p.12 3.2 Preserving the Integrity …………………………………………………………p.13 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………p.13 Chapter 4 : Introduction …………………………………………………………………………..p.15 4.1 Questionnaire Results ………………………………………………………..…p.15 4.2 Demographics and Magazines……………………………………………………p.16 4.4 2014 Planning Changes…………………………………………………………p.22 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………p.23
Chapter 5 : History repeats itself - Conversion Strategies Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….p.25 5.1 Picturesque and the ‘Barn Ornée’…………………………….…………………p.25 5.2 Arts and Crafts and Passivhaus Principles…………………..………………….p.29 5.3 Vernacular Appreciation and Prefabrication……………………………………p.33 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..p.35 Chapter 6 : Conclusion Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..p.37
Bibliography
Appendices: Appendix A : Key Historical Precedents Picturesque Arts and Crafts Vernacular Appreciation Conclusion Appendix B : The Questionnaire Introduction Results Appendix C : Interview on Passivhaus in the UK Interview with Derrie O’Sullivan in 2013.
List of Figures. Fig 1: Page 4 McCloud, K. (Writer & Presenter) [Director Unknown] (2006). Kent 2006 [Television series episode]. In Silver, J (Producer), Grand Designs. London: Channel 4. Fig 2 : Page 6 Brown, K., & Wilding, M. (n.d.). The barn in former days [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.cold-cotes.co.uk/environment-sustainable-holiday-accommodation/the-building-project/ Fig 3 : Page 6 Brown, K., & Wilding, M. (n.d.). The timber windows are clad with aluminium for protection [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.cold-cotes.co.uk/environment-sustainable-holiday-accommodation/the-buildingproject/ Fig 4 : Page 8 Humphrey, R. (2010, November 10). timber barn near rowel’s farm, tick fen[photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2154068 Fig 5: Page 8 Brittain, J. (2011). Feeringbury Barn [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk/projects/display/id/5161 Fig 6 : Page 10 Craven Herald & Pioneer. (2014, March 13). Barns in the Yorkshire Dales [Photograph]. Retrieved from http:// www.cravenherald.co.uk/news/11072302.U_turn_over_planning_changes_welcomed_by_Yorkshire_Dales_ National_Park/?ref=rss Fig 7 and 8 : Page 14 Google Trends. (2015). Barn Conversion; Barn Conversions; barns for sale. Retrieved from http://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=barn%20conversion%2C%20barn%20 conversions%2C%20barns%20for%20sale&cmpt=q&tz= Fig 9 and 10 : 16 Authors Own, (2015) Survey Results [Attached in Appendix B] Fig 11 : Page 18 Country Life. (2014, June 18). Rate and Review Country Life [Magazine Cover]. Retrieved from http://www.countrylife.co.uk/articles/rate-and-review-country-life-june-18-58453 Fig 12: Page 18 Period Living. (2014, September). [Magazine Cover]. Retrieved from http://www.devolkitchens.co.uk/period-living-september-2014#page/1 Fig 13: Page 20 Logopedia. (2012). 2012 [Title]. Retrieved from http://logos.wikia.com/wiki/Grand_Designs McGreggor, T. (2011, June 27). The essential cheerfulness of the Xhosa cone-on-cylinder hut [photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.globalbuzz-sa.com/mcgregorza/2011/06/27/venicular-architecture/ Fig 14 : Page 20 Broadcast Now. (2010, March 25). The Restoration Man [Title]. Retrieved from http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/techfacils/the-restoration-man/5012109.article Fig 15 : Page 24 Nimmo Family. (n.d.). Property [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://nimmo.org.uk/Nimmo%20House/the_property.htm
Fig 16 : Page 24 Nimmo Family. (n.d.). The property plan [Architect’s drawing]. Retrieved from http://nimmo.org.uk/Nimmo%20House/the_property.htm Fig 17 : Page 26 Nimmo Family. (n.d.). view from the Kitchen Balcony [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://nimmo.org.uk/Nimmo%20House/the_kitchen.htm Fig 18 : Page 26 Nimmo Family. (n.d.). Swimming Pool [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://nimmo.org.uk/Nimmo%20House/the_swimming_pool.htm Fig 19 and 21: Page 28 Halslam, A. (2012). Cat Hill Barn [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.snookarchitects.com/cat-hill-barn Fig 20 : Page 28 Snook Architects. (2014, July 29). Ground Floor Plan [Architects Drawing]. Retrieved from http://www.dezeen.com/2014/01/29/cat-hill-barn-conversion-yorkshire-snook-architects/ Fig 22 : Page 30 Green Building Store. (2014, April 29). Cre8 Barn, Stirley Community Farm, Yorkshire Wildlife Trust [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/gallery--76--Cre8-Barn-Stirley-CommunityFarm.html Fig 23 : Page 30 Green Building Store. (2014, April 29). Cre8 Barn, Stirley Community Farm, Yorkshire Wildlife Trust [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/gallery--76--Cre8-Barn-Stirley-CommunityFarm.html Fig 24 : Page 30 Green Building Store. (2011, April 29). MVHR ducting in ceiling of Cre8 Barn, Stirley Community Farm [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/gallery--76--Cre8-Barn-Stirley-CommunityFarm.html Fig 25, 26 and 27 : Page 32 Naumann Architecktur. (n.d.). Unser S(ch)austall [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.naumannarchitektur.de/projekte/swe/pro01.html Fig 28, 29 and 30 : Page 34 Grandorge, D. (2014, August). Architecture Archive [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.hughstrange.com/architecture-archive.html Fig 30 : Page 42 Tippfellowship.org. (n.d.). Swiss Cottage [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.tippfellowship.org/tipppics.htm Fig 31 : Page 42 Banerjee, J. (2009). Red House [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/webb/1.html Fig 32 : Page 42 McGreggor, T. (2011, June 27). The essential cheerfulness of the Xhosa cone-on-cylinder hut [photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.globalbuzz-sa.com/mcgregorza/2011/06/27/ venicular-architecture/
Introduction. This research aims to investigate why there has been an increase in traditional barn conversations in rural areas. By examining both recent and historic factors in UK culture as well as legislation, traditional media and questionnaire results, it also aims to investigate if factors that each lead to an increase in awareness of barn conversions.
regulations in 2004.
television shows and magazines such as ‘Grand Designs’, and ‘Period Living’, as well as search data from Google and Questionnaire results. This information was collected by
trends, and data from across the country is included.
social and economic forms have affected the barn conversion, due to its continuing rural economy by Gaskell and Owen in 2004, commissioned by English Heritage and
effectiveness of conversion techniques, but instead examines their methodology in
1
Rural UK, from the View of the North Yorkshire Moors. (Authors Own, 2014)
Chapter 1 :
Changes in the Rural Landscape.
3
Fig 1: Grand Design converting a disused Water-tower (Grand Designs, 2006).
and cost.
the rich can afford.
5
Fig 2 and 3: A Mass-walled barn before and after conversion, highlighting the large and irregular openings designed for farm machinery (Brown & Wilding, n.d.).
Chapter 2 :
The turn of the Millennium.
demolished entirely.
conversion techniques.
7
Fig 4 and 5: Examples of less-common Timber-Framed barns, Above: can be modest dwellings externally (Humphrey, 2010) Below: Can also have large internal cathedral-like details (Brittain, 2010), This style serves as inspiration for Lower House
Government Region
Timber Framed
Mass Walled
<33%
67%
South East East England East Midlands Yorkshire and Humber North East England Average
(Authors Own, information from: Gaskell & Owen, 2004, p.70)
9
Fig 6: The Yorkshire Dales landscape, with many un-used barns in remote locations (Craven Herald & Pioneer, 2014).
Barns exist throughout the UK and fell into disuse through changes in the rural economy. By addressing the similarity of barns throughout Britain, foot and mouth was seen as a key catalyst as it caused many farmers to sell any remaining assets to survive. This caused a
11
Chapter 3 :
Converting in 2004.
rural character wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be lost.
Operational Development Physical Change in Land
Change of Use Any change of the Activities of a building
New Buildings Structural Rebuilding and Demolition (Authors Own, information from: Gaskell & Owen, 2004, p.70)
Already structurally sound to reduce any rebuilding necessary Large enough to not require any extensions (Herefordshire Council, 2004; Dacorum Borough Council; 2004)
13
Fig 7: Search data of “Barn Conversion”, “Barn Conversions” and “Barns for Sale” across all categories - indicating a spike in 2004, the implementation of planning regulations (Google Trends, 2015).
section: indicating a spike in 2007 and show a gradual increase through 2014 to today (Google Trends, 2015).
Chapter 4 :
Addressing a variety of different media that covers the rural aesthetic, a focus is created
seen farms diversifying to become specialist in a certain area [â&#x20AC;Ś or] rapidly work, barns and other agricultural buildings have seen a high popularity in being converted with redundant barns being abanded[sic] by farmers and left to ruin [... with] the lightening of planning policy regarding changes
times, as many people like the challenge and reward of developing a barnâ&#x20AC;? (Respondent from the Survey)
15
Above: Results of Awareness of Barn Conversions Below: Suggested major dates for awareness, these mirror the search activity from Google.
A
Higher management
B C1 C2 D (Mattwako, 2013)
slightly more female and the National Readers Survey found the average readers age was
17
Fig 11 and 12: Country Life Cover from June 18th 2014: Text includes : “Turf wars : restoring lawn and order; A house created over 500 years, Masterpiece: London’s fair of dreams; Fleeced but not burnt by The Prince of Wales; Plus Lords - 200 not out and the battle of Bannockburn” Photo: Cottage-like building in immaculate garden (Country Life, 2014) . Period living Cover from Sept 2014: Text includes: New British Designers, this season’s wallpapers and fabrics from our home-grown talent;
How to display treasured curios & collectibles” Photo: Decorated Mantlepiece with wallpaper (Period Living, 2014).
broadcasted in the UK on restoration, remodelling and relocation from the early 2000s to
Restoration Home, for BBC, which features an “experts” segment with Kieran Long and Dr. Kate Williams who uncover the history of the property in the episode. (BBC n.d. a) Location, Location, Location, from early 2000, and Relocation, Relocation, 2004 - 2011, presented by Kirstie Allsopp and Phil Spencer on perfect price” . (Allsopp & Spencer, n.d.) Escape to the Country, from 2002 for BBC 2, with different presenters (BBC n.d. b) 19
Fig 13: Title Card from 2012 Grand Designs : Pulling focus in a scenic backdrop, previous titles include similar locations (Logopedia, 2012).
Fig 14 : Title Card from Restoration Man : Less formal and Features George Clarke as a Superhero in-front of a non-traditional conversion project (Broadcast Now, 2010).
Grand Designs
activity for Barn Conversions. The Restoration Man
converting, whereas in Grand Designs it is often left vague.
21
Site must have been used solely for agricultural use. The barn must have existed on by 20th March 2013.
No more than three dwellings inside of a converted Barn (Orme, n.d.)
22
areas, these new rule changes may be seen retroactively as a key catalyst for further
23
Fig 15 and 16: (Nimmo Family, n.d.) Above: Areal View of the entire Lower House Farm development Below: Site Plan, showing new-built cruciform home, pool complex and the converted stables inside a courtyard.
Chapter 5 :
History Repeats itself Conversion Strategies. There are several different conversion techniques, which often reference historic
conversions in magazines.
25
Fig 17 and 18 : (Nimmo Family, n.d.) Below: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Over-the-topâ&#x20AC;? Swimming pool complex.
27
Top: Cat Hill Barn by Snook Architects
Goog levels of insulation with minimal thermal bridges. Passive solar gains and internal heat sources. Excellent levels of airtightness.
(Passivhaus.org.uk, n.d)
movement including its associations with economic and social reform, rejection of energy-consuming and polluting industrial processes, and its reappraisal of the value of people-centred design and skilled local labour. (Bere, 2013, p.8)
29
Fig 22, 23 and 24: (Green Building Store, 2011) Top: Cr8 Barn, Stirely Community Barn for the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust Middle : External Walls and irregular windows preserved.
31
Left: Prefabricated component placed being craned inside Right: Gap between timber and masonry walls Below: The Pig Shed Barn by Naumann Architectur.
â&#x20AC;&#x153;If vernacular technologies involve local materials and the touch of the hand, their contrast is with industrial systems of production. Vernacular technology depend on direct connectionsâ&#x20AC;? (Glassie & Material Culture, 2000, p.31)
33
Right: Existing as a Faรงade, Overhanging roof-line. Below: Working Farm environment, using the palette of materials.
Prefabrication involves designing and constructing elements before bringing them to site, to some this could be seen as the opposite of vernacular design. Arboleda (2006) puts forward the argument that we search for the characteristics of British culture, ‘British-ness’ of British buildings. Edwards, (2011) believes that this British Style can be “forgotten [… and] ignored by prevailing architects” with current trends existing only on “a singular basis, unfocused on the connectivity of a community as a whole”. But in the Architecture Archive by Hugh Strange architects], the designers chose to both separate and respect the surroundings while using a prefabricated approach. The
completed cow shed” (Strange, 2014, cited in Pallister, 2014) and is an example of a
base”, the “cross-laminated timber panels” are thick enough to negate insulation or external cladding (Strange, 2014, cited in Pallister, 2014) and use “remnants” of the Siza (2014) believes that while the functions differ, the Architecture Archive “is part of a
Without a traditional building approach, Prefabrication does not “destroy some part of believes that the process provides “scale” by not creating a “monument” to the past (Siza cited in Strange 2014). This kind of architecture questions if Vernacular can be achieved and appreciated without the conventional, hands-on, restoration approach. Different methodologies are more preferable towards different demographics, each with others are historical, preserving the integrity or authenticity in a different way.
35
Conclusion.
37
Bibliography. com. Allsopp, K. & Spencer, P. (N.D.). Projects Together. Retrieved from http://kirstieandphil.com/about-us/. BBC News, . (2011). Foot-and-mouth crisis remembered. BBC News England, . Retrieved from http://www.bbc. com/news/uk-england-12483017. BBC. (N.D. a). Escape to the Country. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006vb2f. BBC. (N.D. b). Restoration Home. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01l3bhv. Bere, J. (2013). An introduction to passive house. London: RIBA Publishing. Broto, C. (1997). Rehabilitated buildings. Barcelona: LINKS International.
Boundless Productions. (2013). Grand Designs. Retrieved from http://www.boundlessproductions.tv/ourshows/grand-designs. Bowyer, J. (1980). Vernacular building conservation. London: Architectural Press. Butcher, B. (2014, March). Stirley Community Farm: Completion!. Passivhaus Blog. Retrieved from http://www. passivhausblog.co.uk/stirley-community-farm-enerphit/stirley-community-farm-completion/. Centaur Consumer Media. (2014). Media Information. Retrieved from http://www.periodliving.co.uk/system/ Channel 4. (2014). Episode Guides. Retrieved from http://www.channel4.com/programmes/grand-designs/ episode-guide. buildings for ultra-low energy performance. Totnes: Green. Dacorum Borough Council (2004) 8.0 CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS: Environmental Guidelines Supplementary Planning Guidance (Report No. 8) Retrived from http://www.dacorum.gov.uk/docs/defaultsource/planning-development/envguidelines_f09_conversionofagricbuildings.pdf?sfvrsn=0 Edwards, S. (2011, August 11) Vernacular Architecture and the 21st Century. Arch Daily. Retrieved from http:// www.archdaily.com/155224/vernacular-architecture-and-the-21st-century/ Farmer, J., & Richardson, K. (1996). Green shift: Towards a green sensibility in architecture. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. Fremantle Media. (2013). Our Brands: Grand Designs. Retrieved from http://www.fremantlemedia.com/ Production/Our_Brands/Grand_Designs.aspx. Gaskell, P. & Owen, S. (2004). Historic Farm Buildings: constructing the evidence base. Retrieved from https:// www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/historic-farm-buildings-constructing-evidence-base/ Green Building Store. (N.D.). About Us. Retrieved from http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/page--about-us. html.
Glassie, H., & Material Culture. (2000). Vernacular architecture. Philadelphia; Bloomington, Ind: Material Culture. Hertfordshire planning, (2004) 8.0 CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS: Environmental Guidelines: Supplementary Planning Guidance (Report No. 8) Retrived from http://www.dacorum.gov.uk/docs/defaultsource/planning-development/envguidelines_f09_conversionofagricbuildings.pdf?sfvrsn=0 Hitchcock, H. (1987). Architecture: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries. London; New Haven: Yale University Press. Klanten, R., & Feireiss, L. (2009). Build-on: Converted architecture and transformed buildings. Berlin: Gestalten. Kincaid, D. (2002). Adapting buildings for changing uses: Guidelines for change of use refurbishment. London: Spon. Moffett, M., Fazio, M., & Wodehouse, L. (2003). A world history of architecture. London: Laurence King. nao.org.uk/report/the-2001-outbreak-of-foot-and-mouth-disease/ NFU. (2013, November 21) Last chance to lobby on barn conversions. NFU. Retrieved from http://www. nfuonline.com/science-environment/planning/last-chance-to-lobby-on-barn-conversions/ Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Kelly, E., & Dean, C. (2007). Conversions. London: Laurence King. Orme, J. (N.D.). Barn Conversions and PD. Homebuilding & Renovating. Retrieved from http://www. homebuilding.co.uk/advice/existing-homes/converting-barn/permitted-development. Passivhaus Blog. (N.D.). About. Retrieved from http://www.passivhausblog.co.uk/about/. Passivhaus.org.uk. (N.D.). Basic Principals. Retrieved from http://www.passivhaus.org.uk/page.jsp?id=17. Passivhaus Trust. (2014). Passivhaus UK Buildings Database. Retrieved from http://passivhausbuildings.org.uk/ passivhaus.php. Period Living. (N.D.). Advertising. Retrieved from http://www.periodliving.co.uk/ratecard. Powell, K. (1999). Architecture reborn: The conversion and reconstruction of old buildings. London: Laurence King. Redwood, F. (2015, February 5). Fancy your own Wolf Hall? Genuine Tudor homes might be high maintenance but the TV hit is set to spark demand for period properties like these ten houses.... Daily Mail. Retrieved from: :http://www.dailymail.co.uk/money/mortgageshome/article-2942797/Fancy-Wolf-Hall-Genuine-Tudor-homeshigh-maintenance-TV-hit-set-spark-demand-period-properties-like-ten-houses.html Sayer, K. (2000). Country cottages: A cultural history. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Stratton, M. (2000). Industrial buildings: Conservation and regeneration. New York: E & FN Spon. This Is Money, (2010, June 25). What you need to know about barn conversions. Daily Mail. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/money/mortgageshome/article-1696754/What-you-need-to-know-about-barnconversions.html
Thompson, L. (2012, July 13). Could you make a mint renovating a barn? Conversions set to get easier under proposals to relax planning laws. Daily Mail. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/money/ mortgageshome/article-2172988/Could-make-mint-renovating-barn-Conversions-set-easier-proposals-relaxplanning-laws.html Tiger Aspect. (N.D.). The Restoration Man: Series 1. Retrieved from http://www.tigeraspect.co.uk/series/ factual-features/the-restoration-man-series-1/. Time Inc. (2014). Country Life Media Information. Retrieved from http://content.yudu.com/A1nz1p/MediaInformation/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeinc.com%2Fbrands%2Fcountrylife%2F Time Inc. (N.D.). Brands: Country Life. Retrieved from http://www.timeinc.com/brands/country-life/. Time Inc. UK. (N.D.). Advertise. Retrieved from http://www.timeincuk.com/advertise/. Triggs, O. L. (2012). Art of Century : Arts and Crafts Movement. New York, NY, USA: Parkstone International. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com Von, T. (2012, April 25). Another wonderful day of exploration [Web log message]. Retrieved from http:// springtimeinireland.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/another-wonderful-day-of-exploration.html Willis, J. (2014, January 31) Will Django have the last laugh over barn conversions?. Darlington & Stockton Times. Retrieved from http://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/weekend/adaleslife/10979593.Will_ Django_have_the_last_laugh_over_barn_conversions_/
Fig 31: Swiss Cottage: A Cottage Ornée, built in 1810 to “entertain guests”, it was never used as accommodation (Von, 2012) (Tippfellowship.org, n.d.). Fig 33: Vernacular Architecture in South Africa, amongst a similar landscape to rural areas of the UK (McGreggor, 2011).
Appendix A :
Key Historic Precedents.
Appendix B :
Results of the Online Questionnaire.
petchy14@gmail.com
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50 responses View all responses
Summary I consent
Questions Do you..
Work in Rural Areas.
21
42%
Live in Rural Areas.
27
54%
Work close to Rural Areas.
8
16%
Live close to Rural Areas.
13
26%
9
18%
Do not Work / Live close to Rural Areas
From which region are you from?
50
100%
South West England
0
0%
South East England
7
14%
East England
0
0%
West Midlands
1
2%
East Midlands
2
4%
18
36%
North East England
7
14%
North West England
7
14%
Wales
1
2%
Northern Ireland
1
2%
Not from the UK
2
4%
Scotland
0
0%
Other
4
8%
Yorkshire and Humber
Please select your age
Under 16
0
0%
16-24
23
46%
25-34
9
18%
35-44
5
10%
45-54
5
10%
55-64
7
14%
Over 65
0
0%
Prefer not to say.
0
0%
Foot and Mouth & Diversification Were you affected by Foot and Mouth in 2001?
Yes
13
26%
No
31
62%
4
8%
Other
If yes: How did this affect you / your trade? Was Ai man and sent away to burn i infected livestock only affected my leisure activity ie couldn't walk other than on the tarmacced roads At the time I was a countryside ranger, participating in maintenance work on the Caldervale way. The Foot and Mouth incident closed many highways and resulted in essential maintenance not being kept up. Overtime after the routes were reopened was expensive but essential, I suspect the timeframe was around a month and the consequences to the ranger service lasted around 3 months. Working on local farm buildings become harder to complete and in some cases cancelled till foot and mouth was clears up. Couldn't walk through fields for some time. And it was in the news for ages which was hella annoying. Live on a farm, didn't catch the virus but very tight regulations on cattle movement, restriction of visitors to the farm (and therefore or home), heightened hygiene on/around farm(s) I worked in horse racing at the time and everything came to a halt, many of us lost lots of income due to racing being called off, not sure of the exact time lost but took many months to recover. Contaminated carcasses were buried on family farm - now unable to have livestock on site contact with defra employees in professional capacity. also family members farm subject to restrictions so anxiety increase. Local herd of cattle which grazed Wanstead Park East London disappeared as commoner stopped his herd.so appearance of parkland changed. Our farm was affected and our roads were blocked. Animals we had to sell and move off the farm were un able to be moved or sold .Therefore reducing an.y cash flow. We were restricted movement as F & M was on a farm within the five mile radius Movement restrictions and in lamb ewes away at keep. We were abroad when restrictions imposed so father and farm worker set up disinfection etc. We were fortunate not to lose any livestock to F&M. \trading fat cattle stopped - sold direct to abattoir/local butcher but had to take what we could get for them rather than true value. Biosecurity measures have a financial cost and still in place but clear a lot of premises just pay lip service Affected all farmers in different ways but personally it was a dark time, all the farms in the
area were getting taken out and somehow we survived but left a big hole in a lot of people's lives and some never saw the other side Well it was a very sad year as all my cows died, and I have come to love my cows very much, so much that i wrote a poem about them cow, cows where are you at cows cows whys your foot in your mouth not personally, but school run affected and delivering to farms etc and generally getting about. I lived on a farm so was affected by it from the beginning, rigorous cleaning when coming in and out if the farm and having to stop all animal movements. I stopped regular walking exercise on the moors at the last major outbreak of FMD (2003 onwards), my health has not been quite the same since! My own trade has not been significantly affected.
Did you notice an increase of farm buildings for sale after 2001? Yes
21
42%
No
25
50%
4
8%
Other
Please gives some examples of Farm Diversification that have you have seen / partaken in? Farm shops, wedding venues, wildlife conservation land, 'pet' farms In recent years as farming is becoming ever more difficult and less profitable, I have seen farms diversifying to become specialist in a certain area or breeds. Or rapidly expanding into one area such as milk farming as to be able to produce the goods in mass. In the practice I work, barns and other agricultural buildings have seen a high popularity in being converted with redundant barns being abanded by farmers and left to ruin and now with the lightening of planning policy regarding changing the use of agricultural buildings to dwellings with in a lot of cases permitted development allowing the change if use without planning permission, there is a high influx of these buildings being sold by farmers to gain some easy money in difficult times, as many people like the challenge and reward of developing a barn. None? Visiting farm shops Farm shops, housing and wedding venues. Barns converted to holiday rental homes / Additional income for farmers. Local farms are now bed and breakfast or growing organic veg with a higher income. Some have sold up to big land owners.
farm shop , farm butchers ,farm coffee shop. childrens crèche,farm office's All barn conversions. The hotel I worked at was at one stage a farm. I believe the diversification started in the 1990's. We also have a farm shop near by which we frequent that still farms on most of its land. There have been a greater number of farm shops opening in addition to although I am unclear whether this directly relates to foot and mouth or if this is an indiction of consumers wanting to be more aware of where there food is sourced. I think a great number of barn conversions have come about following media programming such as grand designs and a greater awareness of empty properties, I suspect a high percentage of these are barns and older farm buildings Farm shops, holiday cottages, farm buildings being sold to make into swanky houses. I've seen many conversions being used as cafe's, farm shops(which have since closed due to the cheaper supermarkets), homes and b&b businesses! Farm shops of all standards much more widespread - in Norfolk end of driveway boxes of food became fewer and more barns/outbuildings used for shops, lawnmower services, wedding venues, craft shops all of which I have used and visited. Roots Farm Shop and one near Hemsley Lots more barn conversations in near by Swainby Also one farmers wife opened her own artist studio very close by in Ingelby Arncliffe Wedding venue near masham opened as a result of Foot and Mouth farm shop, roots Farm coffee shop Farm camping/glamping Bed and Breakfast and on farm storage • visit farm shops • nvolved in running contract administration of construction of Education Barn at Stirley Community Farm, near Huddersfield for Yorkshire Wildlife Trust Conversion of buildings to offices, holiday lets, farm shops. We are in an affluent area so farm buildings for conversion have always been of value. Fewer are converted to generate regular income as opposed to one off lumps of capital income. lots or barn conversions into farm shops I think there's 7 in a 5 mile radius around me There are a lot of farm shops in North Yorkshire, quite a few farms have been redeveloped into offices and houses. Many farmers are now taking bed and breakfast animals rather than purchasing their own. Bed & Breakfasts Artist studios Children's play areas/attics Client's home. In recent times (post 2012) Renewable energy: solar farms, wind turbines, anaerobic digestion, biomass boilers. Barn conversion: conversion to residential to form a rental portfolio. Farm shops: visited a number of farm shops. I DO NOT UNDERSTAND Coffee shops, farm shops, Growth in farm shops and small industrial units in rural locations. Increase in licensed buildings for conducting weddings and Civil partnerships.
Media Influence Would you say Media had an effect on Barn Conversions? Yes
36
72%
No
11
22%
2
4%
Other
Did you notice an increase of (or an awareness of) Barn Conversions? Yes
34
68%
No
14
28%
1
2%
Other
Major [If you answered yes: when did this happen?]
pre-2000
2
4%
2000
0
0%
2001
5
10%
2002
5
10%
2003
2
4%
2004
4
8%
2005
2
4%
2006
3
6%
2007
2
4%
2008
2
4%
2009
0
0%
2010
2
4%
2011
0
0%
2012
1
2%
2013
1
2%
2014
1
2%
2015
0
0%
Minor (optional) [If you answered yes: when did this happen?]
pre-2000
2
4%
2000
0
0%
2001
3
6%
2002
1
2%
2003
2
4%
2004
1
2%
2005
2
4%
2006
0
0%
2007
1
2%
2008
0
0%
2009
1
2%
2010
0
0%
2011
0
0%
2012
0
0%
2013
1
2%
2014
1
2%
2015
0
0%
Additional Information Feel free to add any additional information. Change in media perception of barn conversions has changed massively through platforms such as TV and digital who have made barn conversion seem like a contemporary way of living. Using clever design they have ensured that they look desirable to live in. Barn conversions around here have happened not due to F&M just because the next generation have come along so more income has had to be found from the same acreage & facilities. Youngsters have no fear of mortgages & borrowing money. We have been involved in barn conversations and over the resent years the demand a increased to such a level local people that once benefited can no longer afford to buy and convert barns. The local councils are stricter with planing as farmers have sold old buildings then applied for grants to build farm units. April 2014 introduced Permitted Development rights which has no doubt increased conversion, this has made the process simpler and cheaper for farmers. Prior Notification
to Local Planning Authority still needed and they still have the power to refuse development. It has been reported that a number of farmers have been refused even under these new rights, certain criteria need to be met. Marked decrease in stock on land around Norfolk area where I have a second home, also no dairy cow seen on trips through Hertfordshire and South Buckinghamshire, only stock are those on National Trust land.Very different from late 1990's. I hhave very little do do with the countryside in general sorry Jack This questionnaire is very leading. only started noticing after I became an architecture student Rise in property programs Grand designs Escape to country etc etc Barn conversions seemed to peak before 2008 / financial crash. The trend is back to where it was - perhaps before 2008 now, with many local properties being either converted or new barns being built. These new barns are often on fields where there were no buildings previously, so it's probably a matter of time (>11 years!)... before the conversion cycle starts again!
Number of daily responses
Appendix C :
Interview : Passivhaus in the UK. Jack Petch, Interviewer: [Good Afternoon] Derrie Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Sullivan [When did you and Passivhaus meet?]
[Do you regularly perform at the conference or a mix of the two?] [How does Passivhaus and Traditional Construction Marry?]
[What was working on Denby Dale like in relation to your other projects?]
[Have your clients and subsequent schemes been affected by previous works?]
[What information is Mandatory for designing Passivhaus Projects?]
[What are some of the Downsides to Passivhaus projects?]
[Do you believe that weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll ever get to the Passivhaus standard in the UK?]
[Lastly, Do you think we, as designers, are going to all built to Passivhaus Standards?]
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