Design Realisation Report by Jack Taylor

DESIGN REALISATION REPORT : ARCT-1063 JACK TAYLOR: UNIT 14

MIKE ALING // SIMON WITHERS // ERIKA SUZUKI 2021-22

CONTENTS

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

0.00 INTRODUCTION

2 . 1 M AT E R I A L I T Y

0.01 PROJECT BRIEF

2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15

1 . 0 0 S I T E A N A LYS I S 0.01 PROJECT BRIEF

1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10

S I T E LO C AT I O N SITE CONTEXT EXISTING CONTEXT S I T E A N A LYS I S H I S TO R I C C O N T E X T SITE CONTEXT EXISTING PLANNING CONTEXT E N V I R O N M E N TA L C O N T E X T DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT S I T E A N A LYS I S C O N C LU S I O N

2.03 PLANNING ARGUMENT 2.04 PLANNING ARGUMENT Conclusion

3 . 0 0 D E L I V E RY 3.01 THE CLIENT

Programme drivers

3 . 0 2 C O N T R A C T U A L R E L AT I O N S H I P S 3.03 THE DESIGN TEAM

DR Module Leader: Rahesh Ram

M AT E R I A L C H O I C E M AT E R I A L Q U A L I T Y L I F E C YC L E S O F M AT E R I A L S M AT E R I A L A P P L I C AT I O N

J a c k Ta y l o r // U n i t 1 4 // U n i v e r s i t y o f G r e e n w i c h D e s i g n Tu t o r s : M i k e A l i n g // E r i k a S u z u k i // S i m o n W i t h e r s

3 . 0 ST R U C T U R A L ST R AT E GY

D R P r a c t i c e Tu t o r : A n d e r s S t r a n d L u h r

3 . 1 F O U N D AT I O N S 3 . 2 S T R U C T U R A L S YS T E M 0 1 3 . 3 S T R U C T U R A L S YS T E M 0 2 4 . 0 C O N ST R U C T I O N

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 2 . 0 0 P R O F E S S I O N A L S T R AT E GY 5.0 2.01 PROJECT BRIEF AND DESCRIPTION 6.0 2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT 7.0 Planning application development Planning decision process Main planning documents Supplementary planning documents Environmental strategy documents D o c u m e n t s r e q u i r e d f o r p l a n n i n g a p p r ov a l Re l e v a n t p o l i c i e s a n d t h e i r i m p l i c a t i o n s Lo c a l p r e c e d e n t s Community infrastructure levy

A R C T- 1 0 6 3 - M 0 1 - 2 0 2 1 - 2 2 D e s i g n R e a l i s a t i o n

2021-2022

C O N C E P T U A L S T R AT E GY SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE H E A LT H A N D S A F E T Y C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L S L E T I E N V I R O N M E N TA L A U D I T B U I L D I N G P E R FO R M A N C E

7.1 BUILDING PERFORMANCE C O N C E P T U A L S T R AT E GY 7 . 2 B R E E A M L E G I S L AT I O N 7 . 3 S I T E E N V I R O N M E N TA L FA C TO R S 7 . 4 B U I L D I N G E N V I R O N M E N TA L N E E D S 7 . 5 H E AT / L I G H T / V E N T I L AT I O N / W AT E R 7 . 6 B U I L D I N G R E G U L AT I O N S 7 . 8 F I R E S T R AT E GY 8 . 0 O P E R AT I O N A L E N E R GY U S E C O N S I D E R AT I O N S 9 . 0 B I B L I O G R PA H Y 1 0 . 0 A P P E N D I X – G A’S

Le g a l d u t i e s a n d r e q u i r e m e n t s LETI requirements

3.05 PROCUREMENT

Ty p i c a l r o u t e s o f p r o c u r e m e n t Selecting the appropriate contract type Prefabrication Fa c t o r s e f f e c t i n g p r o g r a m m e Buildability

4.00 PROGRAMME GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1A

CONTENTS

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

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SITE

0.0 INTRODUCTION Title: The Greenwich Park Crisis Hub Where? The Flower Garden within Greenwich Park, towards the s o u t h e a s t e r l y c o r n e r. Who? The population of the Borough of Greenwich and surrounding areas. The Client: The Royal borough of Greenwich Council and the Government in collaboration with the Capital Growth Network. What? A 21st Century allotment and community hub for the residents of Greenwich. Utilising high tech solutions to conventional farming practice in order to maximise y i e l d i n a n e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y a n d s u s t a i n a b l e w a y. W h i l s t simultaneously lifting the mental and physical health of the residents, the biodiversity will flourish in the area. When? Now and for the future How? The project will act as a pilot scheme in response to the current decline in health levels of the borough, as well as diminishing air quality throughout London. The scheme will me a mix of quickly deployable systems and slower additional elements added over time to i n c r e a s e t h e c a p a c i t y o f t h e s c h e m e. I t w i l l a c t a s a s h o p f r o n t f o r a l a rg e r n e t w o r k o f s y s t e m s a c t i n g t o maintain ecological balance in the park and beyond, and protect the wellbeing of the local residents.

FIGURE .02

Conventional allotment aerial view FIGURE .01

Why? Throughout the history of the parks, they have been used as utility spaces in times of crisis, in recent times, as allotments in WW2, as well as anti-aircraft gun locations, and more recently in the COVID-19 pandemic as spaces for pop up vaccination / testing locations. The expansion of the scheme will allow for education and production of algae for the benefit of the local population and beyond.

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

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INTRODUCTION

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0 . 0 1 P R OJ E C T B R I E F

The project seeks to make use of the site as a u t i l i t a r i a n t o p o l o g y, h i g h t e c h i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s operate autonomously to maintain the optimum s t a t e o f h a r m o n y. N o d a l p o i n t s m o n i t o r t h e processes, acting as a barometer of the l a n d s c a p e. T h e a r c h i t e c t u r e h o u s e s ‘ t e s t i n g grounds’ of high tech solutions to the food crisis. Creating a community hub focused on supporting the mental and physical wellbeing of its local residents. Acting as a pilot scheme supported by the Government, the scheme could be rolled out quickly across the country to support those areas in desperate need of food and nutrients.

SECTION 1.00

The poor health of the community will be lifted b y t h e p r o d u c e o f t h e s c h e m e, a s i t i m p l e m e n t s high tech mechanical solutions to conventional farming practices. Greenwich borough sees l e v e l s o f c a r d i o v a s c u l a r m o r t a l i t y, c a n c e r mortality and respiratory mortality all higher than national averages, as well as higher levels of recorded serious mental health illness than n a t i o n a l l y. T h e h i g h e s t b u r d e n f o r d i s e a s e i n children is malnutrition. (Lekau, 2018)

S I T E LO C AT I O N SITE CONTEXT EXISTING CONTEXT S I T E A N A LYS I S HISTORIC CONTEXT SITE CONTEXT EXISTING PLANNING CONTEXT

As a by product, the poor biodiversity of the site will be lifted, creating habitats and flourishing the ecology of the area. Education, in collaboration with Greenwich Park Revealed, will further lift the quality of lift and standard of health. (Park, 2019)

E N V I R O N M E N TA L C O N T E X T DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT S I T E A N A LYS I S C O N C LU S I O N A l l o t m e n t s c r e a t e d i n t h e To w e r o f L o n d o n m o a t a s p a r t o f t h e d i g f o r v i c t o r y c a m p a i g n d u r i n g W W 2 , a p r e v i o u s f o o d c r i s i s FIGURE .03

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

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S I T E A N A LYS I S

1 . 0 1 S I T E LO C AT I O N C I T Y O F LO N D O N

1.02 SITE CONTEXT G R E E N W I C H PA R K Greenwich Park is one of the UK’s oldest public parks and mostly maintains its original baroque layout from 590 years ago. Many elements of the ‘Grand Plan’ constructed in the late 17th Century remain. The parks typology is made up of open spaces divided by tree planting and areas of vast cultural and historic significance. The layout an extension of the Parterre of the Queens House. It contains protected vistas and sites of designated architectural significance, mostly maintaining its original layout.

The Old Royal Naval College

FIGURE .06

(Park Restoration | Greenwich Park Revealed | The Royal Parks, 2020) Opportunity: The site contains pockets of land not conflicted with adjoining properties, and attracts 4.7 million visitors per year. It is an opportunity to develop and enhance the park to protect and conserve its heritage for generations to come. Constraints:

The Queens House

FIGURE .07

The chosen site is within an protected area highly regarded for its beauty and historic significance, there is a risk of upsetting this important site.

Borough of Greenwich location within the City of London (shown in red)

Site location within the Borough of Greenwich (marked with a red dot)

FIGURE .04

FIGURE .05

3 Flamsteed House

The site is located within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, situated in South London on the River Thames. This is key as the scheme will have to follow specifics set out by royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core strategy with Detailed Policies (2014), as well as supplementary planning documents applicable to the site, as well as the new London Plan (2021), a statutory special development strategy for building works carried out within the city. Other key factors at play are the nearby heritage assets, including. • The Maritime Greenwich UNESCO World Heritage

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

Site

POINTS OF HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

• The Greenwich Park Conservation Ares

1. The Old Royal Naval College 2. The Queens House 3. Flamsteed House 4. The Prime Meridian 5. General Wolfe Statue 6. The Royal Observatory 7. The Peter Harrison Planetarium 8. The Reservoir 9. The Site (Within the Flower Garden) 10. The Pavilion 11. The Pond 12. The Boating Lake

• Greenwich Observatory (scheduled monument) • Greenwich Park Registered Park & Garden (Grade 1 Registered)

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FIGURE .08

4 5

7 8

11 The Royal Observator

FIGURE .09

200m

400m

600m FIGURE .10

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GREENWICH PARK REVEALED MASTERPLAN 1 . 0 3 E X I ST I N G C O N T E X T G R E E N W I C H PA R K R E V E A L E D

1 . 0 3 E X I ST I N G C O N T E X T W O R L D H E R I TA G E S I T E

The Queen’s House Park Row Gate

St. Mary’s Gate

Playground

Greenwich Park Revealed is an initiative by the Royal Parks to ‘reveal, restore, protect and share its unique heritage’. GREENWICH PARK REVEALED MASTERPLAN The scheme is investing £8 million pounds to restore and enhance the parks rich 500 year history. The scheme seeks to restore the original 500 The Queen’s House year old Mary’s Gate landscape provide St.new facilities,enhance biodiversity, Park Row Gate Playground and develop learning, ‘for a growing and diverse local community.’ It is funded largely by the national lottery, and also other foundations and donors. Creed Place Gate

Q The Flower Garden is earmarked for a new education centre, and redevelopment of the nearby service yard. The scheme L I am proposing will further benefit the redevelopment of the One Tree Hill A Conduit Standard House legacy enhancement. GPR scheme and aid the N

Conduit Standard House

The GPR scheme does however fail to recognise the parks Royal more recent history, such as that inObservatory WW2, as one of a vital C B lifeline for the local community. In more recent times as a F lifeline for residents in the pandemic, as a place to go for the Anglo-Saxon Cemetery M The scheme exercise, relax, and for their mental well-being. C Croom’s Hill Gate I am proposing address this issue, and reignites the recent history of the park, and secures its legacy for years to come.

Maze Hill Gate

Royal Observatory

One Tree Hill

H Much of the park is being developed, but many areas are also available to be usedI for the proposal and potential Cherry growth of the allotment scheme as the popularity grows for Avenue C C the plots. Ranger’s House

Anglo-Saxon Cemetery

Maze Hill Gate

E Ranger’s Field (Masterplan and Timeline | Greenwich Park Revealed, 2022)

Croom’s Hill Gate

Vanbrugh Park Gate

Blackheath Gate

The Grand Ascent and Parterre Banks Restore the key elements of the Baroque 17th century landscape design to redeﬁne the grand axis.

Bandstand Renovate the Victorian bandstand and install a power supply for community events.

Wolfe Statue and Viewing Point Enhance the quality of the public realm by improving pedestrian access, circulation and removing traﬃc. Highlight the protected view to St. Paul’s and protect the Grand Ascent from erosion. Provide a pair of new kiosks to frame the setting of this key visitor focal point.

Conduit Avenue Replant sections of the historic avenue to frame Ranger’s House, improve its setting and strengthen its historic connection with the park.

C D E F G

Old Wildlife Centre Refurbish the building as a base for workshops and forest school activities with a new dipping pond and links to the Nature Trail.

Blackheath Gate Create a welcoming entrance, remove the car park and extend Blackheath Avenue. Provide visitor information and enhance the quality of the Flower Garden entrance and paths to east and west.

Reservoir Allow controlled access onto the reservoir and enhance its unusual chalk grassland ﬂora.

Q Conduit Head

Flower Garden Restore the Edwardian qualities of the Flower Garden, enhancing horticultural displays and creating ‘natural’ play opportunities.

Chesterﬁeld Gate and the Dell Improve access, introduce biodiverse planting and create a natural setting for a National Collection of Hawthorn.

Flower Garden Lake Improve the visual impact, biodiversity and water quality of the lake by raising the water level, using borehole water and improving biodiversity.

One Tree Hill Improve visitor access, enhance the quality of the historic viewpoint, open up vistas and improve grassland and habitat management.

M Pavilion Café

Anglo-Saxon Cemetery Remove the footpath to protect the Scheduled Monument and reinstate natural acid grassland.

Tree Avenues Restore the historic avenues of diseased and dying trees through a programme of management and replacement. Install an irrigation system using park borehole water.

The Wilderness Deer Park Open up views to the deer herd, enhance habitat and provide better opportunities for learning. Return the south east corner of the former Nursery Yard to parkland.

Re-locate the catering store currently blocking the historic avenue, create a high quality Cafe garden with views to the city skyline. Flamsteed House Restore the historic view from the North to Flamsteed House and the Royal Observatory from the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Opportunity:

Constraints:

O Chesterﬁeld Gate

PROPOSED SITE LO C AT I O N

This opportunity allows for the education of the population of Greenwich to lift the general health of the population. Utilising the parks designed elements and extremely high foot fall.

G K

W O R L D H E R I TA G E SITE BUFFER ZONE

The world heritage site places significant historic and cultural value on the site, meaning any project constructed or changes made within this site will have to adhere to the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site Management Plan (2014 Third Review), and the Protection & Management of World Heritage Sites in England document. Both will need to be carefully considered to preserve and upkeep the World Heritage Site status. The proposal has the potential to effect a number of significant historical assets within the World Heritage Site, however the scheme presents an opportunity to enrich the local population, enhancing the park and to further preserve its status.

W O R L D H E R I TA G E S I T E N O M I N AT I O N

The park is an integral element of the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site as one of the finest surviving baroque landscapes in the UK. It was designated in 1977.

Creed Place Gate

KEY

I Cherry Avenue

Ranger’s House

Open up visual access to the conduits and provide interpretation of the hidden tunnel network.

D C

Vanbrugh Park Gate

Ranger’s Field

Learning Centre and Nursery Yard Create a Learning Centre and volunteer hub with views over the Deer Park set in a new public courtyard formerly within the Nursery Yard.

If the scheme fails to adhere to the criteria set out for world heritage sites, the planning proposal will likely be rejected. The protected vistas of the Park are not effected by the scheme.

Vanbrugh Lodge Cafe and Kitchen Garden Repurpose the Lodge to create a community Cafe with a kitchen garden oﬀering new opportunities for volunteering.

Site Wide Improve signage and interpretation, restore drinking water fountains, enhance biodiversity through planting and management and create new and diverse opportunities for community activities.

Chesterﬁeld Gate

REF: GPR_DO_16.0 Masterplan

Blackheath Gate

Greenwich Park revealed Scheme Masterplan FIGURE .11

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

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The Grand Ascent and Parterre Banks Restore the key elements of the Baroque 17th SITEcentury landscape design to redeﬁne the grand axis.

Bandstand Renovate the Victorian bandstand and install a power supply for community events.

Wolfe Statue and Viewing Point

Conduit Avenue

FIGURE .12

Old Wildlife Centre Refurbish the building as a base for010 workshops and forest school activities with a new dipping pond and links to the Nature Trail.

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1 . 0 3 E X I ST I N G C O N T E X T C O N S E RVAT I O N A R E A S

1 . 0 4 S I T E A N A LYS I S H Y D R O LO GY A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y

The conservation area designation is put in place to protect the areas of significant historic and cultural value.

Aside from the River Thames, there is a water source local to the Flower Garden. The pond in the flower garden is fed by a borehole. However, the water quality is very poor. The borehole simply tops up the pond as there is no effective overflow currently. The vast open spaces provide a good level of natural drainage. As a result of this, there is little need for heavy foundations to be laid to stabilise the ground in the event of a flood.

The site sits within the Greenwich Park conservation area, designated in 1970 and remained ever since. The council has set out a clear framework and strategy within the Greenwich and Blackheath conservation areas management guidance (2010) which and works must adhere to. Management of the scheme also needs to comply with statutory legislation relevant to the site. The project will remain light touch on the site, utilising a lightweight structure. Remaining non-detrimental to the Flower Garden by avoiding deep laid hard engineered foundations on the site.

Opportunities: Installing overflow systems will allow for the constant flow of ground water into the pond, thus allowing the process of nutrients from the pond, and maintenance, in order to maintain the biodiversity of the area, stopping eutrophication.

(Protecting the character of local areas | Royal Borough of Greenwich, 2022) Opportunities: The proposal is one based around conservation and securing the future of the local population. The social and environmental outcomes will benefit not only the local population, but in turn the whole city, and beyond. The scheme will provide education and skills to the population, lifting the economy and quality of life within the borough.

The current borehole also services the irrigation needs of the Flower Garden, a system which can be used for the scheme also for water supply.

Constraints: The current state of the pond is poor, and needs time and work for it to become a natural biodiverse habitat once more.

Constraints: If the project fails to comply with local planning framework for the conservation area the planning permission is likely to be rejected.

Proposed site

KEY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ASHBURNHAM TRIANGLE WEST GREENWICH G R E E N W I C H PA R K W E S TC O M B E PA R K B L A C K H E AT H B L A C K H E AT H PA R K R E C TO RY F I E L D

1. 2. 3. 4.

F l o w e r G a r d e n Po n d The Boating Lake Deptford Creek River Thames

FIGURE .08 FIGURE .14

FIGURE .13

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1 . 0 4 S I T E A N A LYS I S LO C A L L I S T E D B U I L D I N G S

1 . 0 4 S I T E A N A LYS I S SITE ACCESSIBILITY AND T R A N S P O RT L I N K S

It is important to consider the locally listed buildings within the local area. To better understand where the scheme fits into its context, and to acknowledge the cultural and historical importance of the locally listed buildings. It is key to protect these significant buildings not only in their own right, but the buildings we construct around them.

The overall scheme will not hinder any transport links to the Park or Flower Garden, or effect traffic throughout Greenwich. There is a number of ways to approach the Park, via car or various public transport, but approaching the main project site will be mainly pedestrians and bicycles most likely. There is a road for motor vehicles running through the park from Greenwich town centre to Blackheath, which may be useful for material deliveries and access.

A key factor for the buildings delivery will be the accessibility to the site for material delivery, access and material storage. In order for the project to remain light touch this will include these stages of construction as to not damage existing ecologies and habits.

Opportunity: A rich and diverse vernacular can allow for a rich and grounded scheme, complimenting the surrounding context.

2 3

Care must be taken around the delivery and storage of materials on site, as pre fabricate elements arrive they must be safely secured and protected.

Constraints: Care needs to be taken when designing the scheme, in particular the form and materials of the building, in order to not upset the local vernacular of listed buildings. Failure to do this will result in the proposal being rejected.

Opportunities: High footfall of pedestrians through the site through natural circulation. Site non disruptive of traffic.

KEY 5

Constraints:

LO C A L LY L I S T E D B U I L D I N G S 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

The Royal Observatory The Band Stand The John Roan School Va n b r u g h C a s t l e 111 and 115 Maze Hill C o n d u i t H e a d a t O n e Tr e e H i l l 32-40 Maze Hill 1-12 Park Vista S t A l f e g e’s V i c a r a g e The Queens House The Royal Naval College Dreadnought Seamens Hospital The Cutty Sark 23, Nelson Road Gloucester Circus The Manor House The Rangers House Chesterfield Walk War Memorial

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

A ROADS

Potential problems getting materials to site. Potential issues if a crane is required for construction.

DOCKLANDS LIGHT R A I LW AY SOUTH EASTERN R A I LW AY L I N E PEDESTRIAN AND C YC L E R O U T E S I N T H E PA R K

Proposed site 1. Cutty Sark DLR Station 2. Pedestrian / Bicycle Main entrance 3 . G r e e n w i c h S t a t i o n - S o u t h E a s t e r n Tr a i n s 4 . M o t o r Ve h i c l e P a r k i n g 5 . B l a c k h e a t h G a t e - Ve h i c l e s / P e d e s t r i a n s / Bicycles FIGURE .15

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A2 TOWARD AND FROM THE BL ACKWALL TUNNEL

FIGURE .16

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1 . 0 4 S I T E A N A LYS I S H O RT I C U LT U R E

1 . 0 4 S I T E A N A LYS I S G E O LO G I C A L M A K E U P

The park has been identified as a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation, in particular the ancient trees which are highly protected. These protected sites contain rare species and assemblages of species of significance. The London Plan and Biodiversity Action Plan outlines strategies to protect and maintain these habitats, as well as the Greenwich Core Strategy, to ‘enhance biodiversity consistent with the Greenwich Biodiversity Action Plan.’

B L A C K H E AT H PEBBLES

The site is located on a composition sand and gravel known as ‘Blackheath pebbles’. This geological makeup will effect the weight and load possible on the site. These factors will need to be considered in conjunction with the Greenwich Local Plan when considering the buildings materiality and foundational design in order to ensure structural stability and a non detrimental impact to the aesthetics of the arks.

LAMBETH GROUP

THANET SAND

HEAD

The existing habitat will help the vegetables to flourish ion the site, creating a richer habitat in turn.

Opportunity: Light touch options will be used for the foundations to provide stability whilst maintaining the demountable nature of the building as to not negatively effect the heritage makeup of the site, minimising detrimental effects.

(Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies, 2014)

Opportunity:

KEY

FIGURE .17

Round planter beds in the summer time

Using these strategies the scheme can not only maintain the biodiversity but aid in increasing it, preserving and also creating new habitats. Through regeneration of the pond which will allow wildlife to flourish.

Constraint: Incorrect foundation type and structural design could be detrimental to the integrity of the building due to the soft and unstable ground type.

Constraints: Any works undertaken in the natural habitats must be carefully undertaken as to comply with the above strategies and procedures as to not damage the wildlife or natural formations.

FIGURE .18

Flower Garden in summer time

B R O A D H A B I TAT D I A G R A M

FIGURE .19

FIGURE .20

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1 . 0 5 H I STO R I C A L C O N T E X T ORIGINS OF THE GARDEN

1 . 0 4 S I T E A N A LYS I S F LO O D R I S K A factor worth considering for the proposal is the flood risk to the site. As shown by the map, there is no immediate flood risk in the vicinity of the proposed development. Although there is no immediate risk to the site, it is important to consider the importance a development can have on its wider context, and take care not to balance the natural drainage. Therefore the proposed development will implement systems for rainwater and brown water collection and diversion, coupled with the water management scheme in place for the pond and biodiversification of the pond and surrounding areas. These systems will be designed in a sensitive manner to benefit the systems in a functional, yet sculptural way, to create an inviting environment for the users of the scheme. (Flood map for planning - GOV.UK, 2022)

F LO O D Z O N E 3

1695

F LO O D Z O N E 3 : A R E A S B E N E F I T I N G F R O M F LO O D DEFENCES

1720

1863

1950

FIGURE .22

FIGURE .23

FIGURE .24

FIGURE .25

By Samuel Travers

By Francis Place

By Edward Weller

From Digimaps 2022

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Drawings of the Park setting out designs throughout history. The bosquets can be seen in the top left corner of the above image. The bosquets have gradually faded from the park, now remaining largely as it has been for the last 100 years.

F LO O D Z O N E 2 F LO O D Z O N E 1 F LO O D D E F E N C E MAIN RIVER F LO O D S TO R A G E A R E A FIGURE .21

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1 . 0 5 H I STO R I C A L C O N T E X T THE GARDEN IN WW2

1 . 0 5 H I STO R I C A L C O N T E X T A L LO T M E N T S I N W W 2

The AA gun battery situated in the garden overlooked the River Thames and worked in conjunction with another battery in Mudchute park. The two gun locations shown in green on the map, with cones of fire in orange. During WW2 many of the treetops were cut off to increase the range of fire for the guns, evidence of this still visible today by strange tree formations.

Throughout WW2, London’s Royal Parks became sights of utility, being turned into air raid shelters, gun emplacements, and allotments for the production of food for the nation. At this time of crisis the parks became useful as a flexible open space, something we can see echoing through history still. The parks were a vital space which kept people alive, at the time Britain was importing over 60% of its food from abroad. Something which during the wars was no longer possible.

Opportunity: This history of mixed use allows for a vast spectrum of possibilities within the park for developing and understanding the cultural and natural heritage, whilst preserving the history and providing a service, and education.

A similar gun battery of the time

When the war broke out many people of London had no idea how to start growing their own allotments, so there was model allotments set up in the Royal Parks where people could come and learn how to grow their own, with a focus on bulky crops with high nutritional value. At the time shopkeepers were watering down milk, and overpricing their canned meat and coffee, so the allotments became a lifeline for many.

FIGURE .26

Constraint:

The combined effort of the allotments drastically eased the food crisis, and created the framework for allotments to be used across the country in the future.

The Parks history is one which is deep and complex, and care must be taken as to not diminish this significance.

Allotments in Greenwich Park cica. 1945

FIGURE .27

Missile site Blackheath Common 2012

FIGURE .28 FIGURE.29

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FIGURE .31

FIGURE .32

FIGURE .33

FIGURE .34

FIGURE .35

SECTION 1A

SITE

021

1.06 SITE CONTEXT G R E E N W I C H PA R K

1 . 0 5 H I STO R I C A L C O N T E X T A L LOT M E N T S I N G R E E N W I C H PA R K

In the original Grand Plan, the Flower Garden was set out in rectangular ‘bosquets’ of woodland, adjoining the boundary wall, intersected with open grass walkways. In the later part of the 19th Century, these were gradually removed, and replaced by a less formal arrangement. The garden then became a late Victorian and Edwardian arrangement of short grass, trees, and shrubberies. The garden now has a concrete lined pond, the water quality in the pond is currently poor as there is no effective overflow, condemning the water to become stagnant.

During WW2, much of the park was used for allotments to aid the Dig for Victory Campaign, which would proved to be pivotal in the years during the war, providing a lifeline for the people of the local area. After the war there was mass outrage over the allotments being removed, so much so there was a lobbying against the notion, the residents were granted a further 2 years of growing before they were eventually taken away again.

Aerial Scan of the Site looking North

Aerial Scan of the Site looking South

A e r i a l S c a n To p V i e w

Aerial photograph showing the sites demise

‘The most urgent need for all who are not in the fighting line and who have land is to make the utmost use of it’. Allotments in Greenwich Park in WW2 FIGURE .36

FIGURE .37

Walter Brett in War-Time Gardening: How to Grow Your Own Food, 1915

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1A

SITE

022

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1A

SITE

023

1.06 SITE CONTEXT 1:500 T H E F LO W E R G A R D E N

1.06 SITE CONTEXT

The deer which once roamed the park are now enclosed behind the Flower Garden, and the woodlands between these zones offer important habitat to birds. The Flower Garden is popular with families due to its relative privacy and offers complete enclosure, matched with the prohibition of dogs makes this space popular with families, in particular ones with young children.

Currently, the site is well enclosed to all sides by woodland, trees, and planting. Thus dictating specific entrances/exits and access to the site. It creates a natural circulation around the perimeter of the site. This was originally to prevent the deer from grazing on the planting, but now acts as a curtain to the rest of the park, creating a private zone. The site provides an interesting contrast from the vast open spaces of the park.

VIEWPOINTS INTO THE SITE

THE BANDSTAND

Opportunity: The sheltered site allows for natural buffer from the rest of the heritage assets within the park. The nature of the park currently attracts families, who would benefit from the scheme, creating a natural circulation to the scheme from the park.

THE FLOWER GARDEN

Constraints: The secluded site may be difficult to access with materials and machinery etc. This should be taken into account in the design of the scheme. The buildings effect on the circulation must be considered throughout the design.

M A I N E N T R A N C E F R O M N O RT H

THE POND

N 0

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

10m

20m

30m

THE DEER PARK FIGURE .38

SECTION 1A

FIGURE .39

SITE

024

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1A

SITE

025

1 . 0 7 E X I ST I N G P L A N N I N G G R E E N W I C H PA R K R E V E A L E D SCHEME

1 . 0 8 E N V I R O N M E N TA L C O N T E X T D E N D R O LO GY A N D T P O s H I G H VA LU E T R E E

The site comprises of both exotic and native trees, it contains a series of round beds used for planting throughout the year. Several of the old sweet chestnut trees from the original ‘Pepys’ plan survives today.

Greenwich Park Revealed is a 4 year long scheme funded by the National Lottery Community fund and the National Lottery Heritage fund. The £8 million investment will reveal, restore, protect and share its unique heritage, now and for future generations. Proposals for the Flower Garden include the creation of a Forest schools and natural play areas, balanced with the need to protect the dense woodland and shrub habitats, as well as the creation of a new dipping pond.

Opportunity:

My proposal seeks to work alongside such suggested schemes, providing an increased biodiversity through careful management, as well as food provisioning, mental and physical health benefits, and education provision.

Some trees may be moved and transplanted elsewhere, but all of the protected trees are not directly effected by site. To avoid any potential damage to these tree root systems, light touch foundations may be used, such as screw piles.

Opportunities: Constraints:

Working in conjunction with the scheme could be extremely beneficial to both parties, for the overall scheme for providing health and educational services to the people of London.

Tree protection orders in place for these ancient trees just outside the site, as well as the Sweet chestnut within. Great care must be taken around these trees to protect them throughout the building process.

Constraints: Proposed developments will need to be taken into consideration when designing my scheme.

Ancient Greenwich Spanish Sweet Chestnut Tr e e Rows of trees from the original ‘Grand Plan’ a p p r o x 1 6 9 0 ’s Amenity Grassland Tr e e Tr u n k Planted Shrubberies and Flowerbeds Non-coniferous trees Coniferous trees Shade tolerant scrub Scrub Woodland ground flora

G R E E N W I C H PA R K R E V E A L E D S C H E M E P L A N F O R T H E F LO W E R G A R D E N GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

Woodland FIGURE .39

SECTION 1A

FIGURE .40

SITE

026

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1A

SITE

027

1.09 DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT LO C A L P O P U L AT I O N

1 . 1 0 S I T E A N A LYS I S C O N C LU S I O N

In the most recently published census data, it is shown that 5.4% of the local population believe they have bad health. This is higher than the rest of London and the same as the rest of England. The data also shows a high proportion of young people living in the borough. Through the schemes education programmes and healthy food provisioning, the aim is to close this percentage, lifting the health of the borough. Acting as a pilot scheme, if successful, the project can be rolled out across London’s parks, attracting many more people across the capital, lifting the general health of our whole population through a by product of maintaining biodiversity throughout our parks.

AREA AGES 0-3

Opportunities:

In conclusion, Greenwich Park presents a rich site of

ROYAL GREENWICH

LONDON

ENGLAND

6.7%

5.9%

5.0%

historically culturally and socially significant contexts, and the proposed scheme must respond to this sympathetically, and in accordance to the aforementioned policy frameworks,

AGES 4-10

9.1%

8.4%

7.9%

AGES 11-15

5.9%

5.6%

5/9%

AGES 16-17

2.3%

2.5%

AGES 18-19

2.7%

2.3%

2.6%

AGES 20-44

42.3%

43.2%

34.3%

and environmental strategies. In conjunction with the GPR Scheme, the Flower Garden is an area in desperate need of attention, in order to solidify its future. Throughout history it is shown to be slipping out of order and needs attention. The light touch nature of the proposal will be nondetrimental to the typology of the park, instead lifting its status, greatly increasing the biodiversity of the area,

Lifting the general health of the population by using a by product of the maintenance of the parks, whilst simultaneously sequestering carbon, helping to fight climate change.

Constraints: Due to the small site, it would be infeasible to administer education and boosters in large volumes. Similarly with the growing needs of algae, it is not a mass production facility, rather a proof of concept which can be deployed quickly during the health crisis.

AGES 45-64

20.6%

21.2%

25.4%

AGES 65-74

5.4%

5.8%

8.6%

AGES 75-89

4.4%

4.8%

7.0%

AGES 90+

0.5%

0.8%

TOTAL

100%

preserving its vital wildlife and insects for years to come, whilst simultaneously lifting the health of the local population. The Flower Garden is ripe for development and needs attention to reclaim it from nature. The scheme will enrich the education of the borough, whilst also rediscovering its roots as a food producer.

TABLE 1.0: ROYAL BOROUGH OF GREENWICH POPULATION AGE PROFILE (PERCENTAGE)

ROYAL GREENWICH

LONDON

ENGLAND

VERY GOOD

50.1%

50.5%

47.2%

GOOD

32.9%

33.3%

34.2%

FAIR

11.5%

11.2%

13.1%

BAD

4.1%

3.7%

4.2%

VERY BAD

1.3%

1.2%

TOTAL

100%

CONSTRAINTS

The chosen site and its existing footfall, circulation and transport links will allow for a community hub centred around improving the h e a l t h a n d w e l l - b e i n g o f t h e c o m m u n i t y.

The Park is a deeply important site both c u l t u r a l l y a n d h i s t o r i c a l l y. I t i s e s s e n t i a l t o remain sympathetic to this context in order for a successful planning application to be granted.

Existing ecology within the site and Greenwich Park will greatly benefit from t h e s c h e m e, l i f t i n g b i o d i v e r s i t y a n d c r e a t i n g h a b i t a t s f o r w i l d l i f e.

FIGURE .41

GENERAL HEALTH

O P P O RT U N I T I E S

The scheme will speak to the parks diverse h i s t o r y, r e i n s t a t i n g a r e a s f o r f o o d p r o d u c t i o n o n c e m o r e. The community will benefit not only the p r o d u c e i t s e l f, b u t b e e d u c a t e d a r o u n d t h e importance of healthy eating, and food miles e f f e c t s o n t h e c l i m a t e.

Care will have to be taken surrounding the protected trees on site. The Ecology Specialist will be working closely with the design team and contractors in order to safeguard these assets. Access for construction vehicles will need to be considered as to not disrupt the local traffic around Greenwich and the Park. Material storage will also have to be considered. The site will be secure as the park closes during the night.

TABLE 2.0: ROYAL BOROUGH OF GREENWICH GENERAL HEALTH PROFILE

HEALTHY FOOD CONSUMPTION IN GREENWICH (2011) FIGURE .42

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1A

SITE

028

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1A

SITE

029

2 . 0 1 P R OJ E C T B R I E F A N D D E S C R I P T I O N A L LO T M E N T I M P O RTA N C E

FIGURE .43

SECTION 2.0

P R O F E S S I O N A L S T R AT E GY; PLANNING

PROJECT BRIEF AND DESCRIPTION PLANNING CONTEXT PLANNING ARGUMENT P L A N N I N G A R G U M E N T C O N C LU S I O N

The importance of the allotments in London has been greatly documented in cultural discourse. For many Londoners, access to greenspace is limited, and therefore their allotments can provide both mental and physical benefits to the people who keep them. As the housing crisis worsens, many city allotments are being redeveloped into housing. For the people of Greenwich, many residents would otherwise not have access to a greenspace in which they can call their own, and grow vegetables which they like. As we become more conscious of our personal effect on the environment, the food we eat plays a large role in contributing to our carbon emissions. Through looking back at London’s history of allotments, we can take lessons on producing food closer to home, reducing carbon emissions, and helping to fight back against climate change.

D E LO R A I N E ST

The local allotments to Greenwich are small, and far away when you consider the produce you could be carrying back to your house after a day of tending to the allotment. The new developments in the Borough lack outdoor space, and the allotments will allow residents to have a piece of greenspace within the Borough.

KIDBROOKE PA R K A L LO T M E N T

The current process to acquiring an allotment from the Local Council is difficult and an extremely long process. It is not uncommon for there to be a 10 year waiting list for an allotment. This further increases the argument for the scheme being built, the demand for allotments is present and exceeding supply. In Greenwich the plots are rented in a 25 square metre patch (1 rod) at the cost of £20 per year for Greenwich residents. Some of the few allotments in Greenwich are so over subscribed that they are no longer accepting applications to be placed on the waiting list.

T H E O N LY N E A R BY A L LO T M E N T S I N G R E E N W I C H

FIGURE .45

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1A

SITE

031

2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT P L A N N I N G A P P L I C AT I O N D E V E LO P M E N T

Process Timeline

PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY TO BE UNDERTAKEN

APPOINTMENT

CLIENT

ARCHITECT

CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN CLIENT AND ARCHITECT OF APPOINTMENT

Process Timeline

PLANNING DECISION PROCESS

STAGE 1

The scheme may be deemed a major planning application, due to the site location and its c u l t u r a l a n d h i s t o r i c i m p o r t a n c e t o t h e c i t y, therefore it would likely be submitted to Greenwich Borough Council.

2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT

DELEGATED DECISION MAKING FOR MINOR PLANNING APPLICATIONS

DIGITAL SURVEY TO BE UNDERTAKEN

MASSING / INITIAL STUDIES

(CLIENT MEETING)

SITE SURVEY UNDERTAKEN

CONCEPT DESIGNS DEVELOPED

INITIAL DESIGNS PRESENTED TO CLIENT

CONSULTATION WITH SPECIALISTS (CLIENT INCLUDED)

REVISIONS TO CONCEPT

DELEGATED PLANNING OFFICER

APPROVAL REFUSED

STAGE 2

INITIAL BRIEF PUT FORWARD TO ARCHITECT

BRIEF DEVELOPED BETWEEN CLIENT AND ARCHITECT

PRE APPLICATION SUBMITTED FOR COMMENT FROM LOCAL COUNCIL

FURTHER DESIGN DEVELOPMENT (INCORPORATING SPECIALISTS COMMENTS)

CONT. APP. RECEIVED

FEEDBACK RECEIVED ARCHITECT INCORPORATES CHANGES AND WORKS UP PLANNING DRAWINGS

PLANNING DRAWINGS COMPLETED

BRIEF ADJUSTED ACCORDINGLY SUBJECT TO CLIENT APPROVAL

FINAL CHANGES AND SIGN OFF FROM CLIENT

MAYOR OF LONDON

APPLICATION REFUSED

PLANNING APPROVAL GRANTED

ENGLISH HERITAGE THAMES WATER ECOLOGY OFFICER

PLANNING APPLICATION SUBMITTED FOR DECISION

MAJOR PLANNING APPLICATIONS

PLANNING COMMITTEE

PLANNING APPROVAL GRANTED

TYPICALLY WITHIN 8 WEEKS OF VALIDATION 13 WEEKS FOR LARGER, COMPLEX APPLICATIONS

IN CONJUNCTION WITH SPECIALISTS DRAWINGS / COMMENTS MEETINGS / CONSULTATIONS

STAGES TO APPROVAL

STAGES OF PLANNING

SECTION 1B

PLANNING

POSSIBLE OUTCOMES

FIGURE .46

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

PASSED TO PLANNING INSPECTORATE FOR PLANNING APPEAL

DUE TO THE LOCATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROPOSAL IT IS A POSSIBILITY THAT THE MAYOR OF LONDON MAY HAVE TO APPROVE THE APPLICATION

TRANSPORT FOR LONDON ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIST

CLIENT MEETING FOR FINAL COMMENTS ON DRAWINGS

APPLICATION VALIDATION FROM COUNCIL

SPECIALIST CONSULTATION MAY BE USED

STRUCTURAL SPECIALIST

CLIENT MEETING DISCUSSING FEEDBACK AND CHANGES TO SCHEME

LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITY

032

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1B

PLANNING

033

MAIN PLANNING DOCUMENTS:

S U P P L E M E N TA RY P L A N N I N G DOCUMENTS

MANAGEMENT PL AN (2014)

G R E E N W I C H LO C A L P L A N ( 2 0 1 4 )

C O N S E RVAT I O N A R E A P L A N N I N G GUIDENCE (2016)

The Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site sets out a framework for the protection, conservation, and management of the world heritage site in order to protect its status and h i s t o r i c a l v a l u e.

AWARENESS OF POLICIES The Greenwich Local Plan is a strategic document listing the local councils key policies which provides a long term vision for the future of Royal Greenwich, as well as detailed policies to guide development within the borough.

The SPDs should build upon and provide detailed advice or guidance on policies set out in the Local Plan.

(Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site Management Plan, 2014)

The core aims are to accommodate a high level of sustainable growth, rejuvenating derelict buildings, and protecting and enhancing the rich historic heritage of the area, as well as sustainability measures, to meet climate change challenges.

‘The purpose of this supplementary planning document (SPD) is to provide detailed guidance on the type and scale of planning obligations for development proposals within the Royal Borough o f G r e e n w i c h .’

Greenwich Borough Council also provide supplementary planning documents (SPDs) to further outline specific requirements regarding specific points.

It outlines a management plan required by all UNESCO sites and sets out how the outstanding universal value will be understood, preserved and maintained.

The guide builds upon the London Plan to give detailed policies tailored to the Borough, in line with the London Plans broader strategies.

R OYA L B O R O U G H O F G R E E N W I C H S U P P L E M E N TA RY P L A N N I N G D O C U M E N T (2015)

Colour Guidance Note specifically sets out detailed requirements regarding the colour of proposals as to ensure the character and appearance of the area is preserved.

(Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies, 2014)

T H E LO N D O N P L A N ( 2 0 2 1 ) The London Plan is the spatial development strategy set out for Greater London. It sets out a clear strategy and framework for the development of London over the next 20-25 years. It is part of the statutory development plan for London, so it should be used to inform decisions on planning applications within London. Local Borough councils must set out their own Local p l a n s b a s e d o n t h i s d o c u m e n t . To e n s u r e t h e common goal for the future of London is met, in a s u s t a i n a b l e m a n n e r.

N AT I O N A L P L A N N I N G P O L I C Y F R A M E WORK (2021)

‘This document summarises the strenghts, weaknesses and vulnerabilities of each conservation area and the opportunities for i m p r o v e m e n t w i t h i n t h e m .’

This document sets out the overall planning policies in order to move towards common goals set out by the Government. It provides an overall framework which the local councils then use to write their local plans.

‘The strategy complements the Management Plan for the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage S i t e, o f w h i c h t h e b o u n d a r y a n d b u f f e r z o n e straddles a substantial part of four of the five conservation areas, with Blackheath Park being t h e e x c e p t i o n .’

(The London Plan, 2021)

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

G R E E N W I C H A N D B L A C K H E AT H C O N S E RVAT I O N A R E A S : M A N A G E M E N T S T R AT E GY A N D C O N S E RVAT I O N GUIDENCE (2010)

SECTION 1B

PLANNING

034

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1B

PLANNING

035

E N V I R O N M E N TA L ST R AT E GY R E L E VA N T D O C U M E N T S L E T I C L I M AT E E M E R G E N C Y D E S I G N GUIDE (2020)

2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR P L A N N I N G A P P R O VA L

S U S TA I N A B L E D E S I G N A N D C O N S T R U C T I O N S U P P L E M E N TA RY PLANNING GUIDENCE (2014)

The LETI design guide sets out specific ways in which we should be designing buildings n o w, i n o r d e r t o c r e a t e n e t z e r o b u i l d i n g s b y 2030, where these standards must be standard p r a c t i c e. I t i s d e s i g n e d t o h e l p t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n industry understand and deliver new buildings t h a t a r e n e t z e r o.

This document provides supplementary advice to the policies set out in the London Plan, including guidance on environmental factors of construction, and how to create a sustainable s c h e m e. I n p a r t i c u l a r l o c a l f o o d g r o w i n g .

( L E T I C l i m a t e E m e rg e n c y D e s i g n G u i d e, 2 0 2 1 )

G R E E N E R G R E E N W I C H S U P P L E M E N TA RY PLANNING DOCUMENT

R I B A 2 0 3 0 C L I M AT E C H A L L E N G E ( 2 0 2 1 )

Greener Greenwich SPD sets out guidance on what measures developers can include in their building designs, in order to ensure new b u i l d i n g s a r e d e v e l o p e d s u s t a i n a b l y. I t h e l p s readers understand the environmental standards required for new buildings within the borough.

The RIBA has developed the 2030 Climate Challenge to help architects move towards net zero carbon buildings. Outlining steps we can take when designing in order to move towards a climate conscious construction.

(Greener Greenwich Supplementary Planning Document, 2014)

I t o u t l i n e s t a rg e t s f o r r e d u c i n g o p e r a t i o n a l ; e n e rg y, e m b o d i e d c a r b o n a n d p o t a b l e w a t e r.

LO C A L VA L I D AT I O N L I S T ( 2 0 1 9 ) (Royal Borough of Greenwich L o c a l Va l i d a t i o n R e q u i r e m e n t s List, 2019)

DOCUMENT NAME

R E Q U I R E D ? ( Y/ N )

D E TA I L S/ R E Q U I R E M E N T S

ISSUER

A P P L I C AT I O N F O R M

YES

To b e s u b m i t t e d o n b e h a l f o f t h e c l i e n t t o b e v a l i d

Architects - On behalf of clients

A P P L I C AT I O N F E E

YES

Client

LO C AT I O N P L A N ( 1 : 1 2 5 0 OR 1:2500)

YES

S I T E / B LO C K P L A N (1:100/200/500)

YES

To b e p a i d f o r a p p l i c a t i o n t o b e v a l i d . C o s t c a n v a r y d e p e n d i n g on size of project. M u s t s h o w s i t e o u t l i n e d i n r e d , N o r t h A r r o w, S t r e e t n a m e s , buildings, roads, footpaths and two other streets showing their names. Required when a new building is being erected.

F LO O R P L A N S ( E X I S T I N G AND PROPOSED)

YES

Required for all applications. Existing applicable when an existing structure is present.

Architect

E L E VAT I O N S ( E X I S T I N G AND PROPOSED)

YES

Required for all applications. Existing applicable when an existing structure is present.

Architect

ROOF PLANS (EXISTING AND PROPOSED)

YES

Required for all applications. Existing applicable when an existing structure is present.

Architect

SECTIONS AND SITE LEVELS (EXISTING AND PROPOSED)

YES

Required for all applications. Existing applicable when an existing structure is present.

Architect

A C C E S S I B I L I T Y S TAT E M E N T

N /A

A C C O M M O D AT I O N SCHEDULE

Required when applications involve the creation of new build residential units - no residential units in the proposal. Required when applications involve the creation of new build residential units - no residential units in the proposal.

AFFORDABLE HOUSING S TAT E M E N T

Required when applications involve the creation of new build residential units - no residential units in the proposal.

N /A

AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

YES

Required for all major development applications.

Environmental Specialist

A R C H A E O LO G I C A L D E S K BASED ASSESSMENT

YES

Required in areas of high archaeological potential.

Archaeological Specialist

B A S E M E N T I M PA C T ASSESSMENT

Required only with residential developments involving basement works.

N /A

BIODIVERSITY AND E C O LO GY R E P O RT

YES

Required for all major development applications.

Ecologist / Ecology Surveyor

B R E E A M P R E -A S S E S S M E N T

YES

Required for all major development applications with a commercial component.

BREEAM

DEMOLITION AND/ OR CONSTRUCTION LO G I S T I C S : T R A N S P O RT, AIR QUALITY AND NOISE MANAGEMENT PL AN – DRAFT

Required for all major development applications involving d e m o l i t i o n o r m a y h a v e e f f e c t o n a i r q u a l i t y.

N /A

D AY L I G H T/ S U N L I G H T ASSESSMENT

YES

Required for all major development applications.

Rights to Light Consultant

DESIGN AND ACCESS S TAT E M E N T

YES

Required for all applications.

Architect

Architect Architect

N /A

FIGURE .47

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1B

PLANNING

036

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1B

PLANNING

037

2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR P L A N N I N G A P P R O VA L

LO C A L VA L I D AT I O N L I S T ( 2 0 1 9 ) (Royal Borough of Greenwich L o c a l Va l i d a t i o n R e q u i r e m e n t s List, 2019)

DOCUMENT NAME

R E Q U I R E D ? ( Y/ N )

D E TA I L S/ R E Q U I R E M E N T S

ISSUER

D E L I V E RY A N D S E RV I C I N G MANAGEMENT PL AN - DRAFT

YES

R e q u i r e d f o r m a j o r a p p l i c a t i o n s o r a n y w h i c h r e s u l t s i n a l a rg e number of deliveries.

Tr a f f i c c o o r d i n a t i o n c o n s u l t a n t

E C O N O M I C S TAT E M E N T

N /A

E N E R GY S T R AT E GY

YES

O n l y r e q u i r e d o n l a rg e d e v e l o p m e n t s t h a t i n c l u d e e m p l o y m e n t uses or any scheme which creates loss off employment. Required on all major developments.

E N V I R O N M E N TA L I M PA C T A S S E S S M E N T/ E N V I R O N M E N TA L S TAT E M E N T

YES

Required for developments listed within Schedule 1 of the To w n a n d C o u n t r y P l a n n i n g .

Specialist Environmental consultant

F LO O D R I S K A S S E S S M E N T

YES

FOUL SEWAGE AND UTILITIES ASSESSMENT

YES

Required on developments which site exceeds 1 hectare in flood zone 1 All major developments involving connections to utilities.

H E A LT H I M PA C T ASSESSMENT

YES

Required on all major developments.

Health specialist consultant / body

H E R I TA G E I M PA C T ASSESSMENT

YES

All applications involving designated heritage assets.

English Heritage

L A N D C O N TA M I N AT I O N – P R E L I M I N A RY R I S K ASSESSMENT

Required in areas known to be or likely to have been in contaminated uses.

N /A

L A N D S C A P I N G S T R AT E GY

YES

Required in all major applications

Landscape Architect / Ecology consultant

LIGHTING ASSESSMENT

YES

Lighting specialist

M A R K E T I N G R E P O RT

M AT E R I A L S S C H E D U L E I N D I C AT I V E

YES

Required in all applications involving the public realm where external lighting is proposed. Applicable to applications involving loss of vacant employment s p a c e. Required on all major applications and applications in conservation areas.

N O I S E I M PA C T A S S E S S M E N T

YES

Noise consultant specialist

PA R K I N G A S S E S S M E N T

YES

Required on applications involving any sort of plant or m a c h i n e r y. I n c l u d i n g v e n t i l a t i o n s y s t e m s . Required on all major applications

P H O TO G R A P H S A N D P H O TO M O N TA G E S

YES

Required in all major applications.

Architect

P L A N N I N G O B L I G AT I O N S / DRAFT HEADS OF TERM P L A N N I N G S TAT E M E N T

YES

Required in all major applications.

Architect

P L AY S PA C E S T R AT E GY R E F U S E A N D R E C YC L I N G S TAT E M E N T

Required in applications with residential units.

N /A

R E TA I L S TAT E M E N T/ R E TA I L I M PA C T A S S E S S M E N T

Regarding retail space and shop frontages within town centres.

N /A

S TAT E M E N T O F C O M M U N I T Y C O N S U LTAT I O N

YES

Required for all major applications

Architect

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1B

2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR P L A N N I N G A P P R O VA L

LO C A L VA L I D AT I O N L I S T ( 2 0 1 9 ) (Royal Borough of Greenwich L o c a l Va l i d a t i o n R e q u i r e m e n t s List, 2019)

DOCUMENT NAME

R E Q U I R E D ? ( Y/ N )

D E TA I L S/ R E Q U I R E M E N T S

ISSUER

S U S TA I N A B L E D E S I G N AND CONSTRUCTION S TAT E M E N T

YES

Required for all major developments.

Sustainability consultant

S U S TA I N A B L E D R A I N A G E S Y S T E M ( S U D S S T R AT E GY )

YES

Required for all major developments over 0.25ha in areas at risk of surface water flooding.

SUDS specialist consultant

T E L E C O M S D E V E LO P M E N T S U P P L E M E N TA RY I N F O R M AT I O N

Required in regards to the erection of telephone masts etc

N /A

Environmental consultant specialist

T R A N S P O RT A S S E S S M E N T

N /A

Drainage consultant

T R A N S P O RT S TAT E M E N T

T R AV E L P L A N

YES

Required when application includes over 50 residential units or spaces such as schools and hospitals. Required in applications where traffic may be increased, of for applications of 10 plus units. Required for all major planning application.

T R E E S U RV E Y

YES

Ecology consultant

V E N T I L AT I O N / E X T R A C T I O N S T R AT E GY

YES

Required when application site has protected trees in or close by that would be effected by the development. Required for any project that requires ventilation or extraction.

VIABILITY ASSESSMENT

YES

London Borough Viability Group

V I E W S A N A LY S I S – LO N D O N VIEW MANAGEMENT F R A M E W O R K ( LV M F ) A N D OTHER IDENTIFIED VIEWS

Required for any major development where the deliverablity of the scheme as designed needs to be understood. Required if application site lies within one of the protected v i e w s o r d e s i g n a t e d L a n d m a r k V i e w i n g C o r r i d o r.

WASTE MANAGEMENT S T R AT E GY

YES

All major applications.

Waste / Refuse Specialist

Community Structure L e v y Fo r m ( C I L )

Ye s

Must be submitted to be valid to account CIL liability of the client

Architect

Sustainability consultant

N /A Architect

N /A Tr a n s p o r t f o r L o n d o n

M&E consultant

N /A

Tr a f f i c m a n a g e m e n t s p e c i a l i s t

PLANNING

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SECTION 1B

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2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT R E L E VA N T P L A N N I N G P O L I C I E S A N D T H E I R I M P L I C AT I O N S

R OYA L G R E E N W I C H LO C A L P L A N ( 2 0 1 4 ) Clear design parameters to follow

2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT R E L E VA N T P L A N N I N G P O L I C I E S A N D T H E I R I M P L I C AT I O N S

R OYA L G R E E N W I C H LO C A L P L A N ( 2 0 1 4 )

POLICY 2.1 VISION

DESIGN RESPONSE

4 . 4 D E S I G N A N D H E R I TAG E

DESIGN RESPONSE

2.1.6 Sustainability measures, to meet challenges such as climate change and flooding, will have been incorporated into new development and significant progress will have been made in assimilating them into existing areas.

The building will be designed and constructed in accordance to the LETI Climate E m e rg e n c y D e s i g n g u i d e a s t o m i n i m i s e t h e environmental impact the building will have at all stages of construction and future proof t h e s c h e m e.

4.4.1 Higher standards of environmental quality and design are important in assisting the regeneration of Royal Greenwich and c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h e q u a l i t y o f l i f e.

Utmost care will be taken when sourcing materials for the project, taking care to use sustainable materials wherever possible to reduce the environmental impact of the building.

2.1.8 The Royal Borough will have a network of modern education and vocational skills centres that are accessible to Royal Greenwich residents, which will enable higher levels of educational attainment and the acquisition of the skills needed for the jobs o f t h e f u t u r e.

The scheme seeks to act in part as an e d u c a t i o n a l f a c i l i t y, t e a c h i n g n o t o n l y children but adults on horticulture and the importance of healthy eating.

2.1.12 New development within Royal Greenwich will have provided high quality architecture and urban design, which contributes to people feeling safe and r e d u c e s o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r c r i m e, a n d w i l l h a v e created an enhanced and more sustainable urban environment that integrates with the e x i s t i n g c h a r a c t e r.

Great care and attention has been taken when designing the scheme in order to adhere to the policies and create a well designed, c r a f t e d s c h e m e. W i t h t h e p h i l o s o p h y o f u s i n g local crafts people to create the building, as the first stage of the project, built for the c o m m u n i t y.

DH1 DESIGN C r e a t e a t t r a c t i v e, m a n a g e a b l e w e l l functioning spaces within the site; M a x i m i s e e n e rg y c o n s e r v a t i o n , t h r o u g h effective layout, orientation, use of appropriate materials, detailing and landscape design.

(Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies, 2014)

Benefit Royal Greenwich by helping mitigate and adapt to climate change Enhance biodiversity consistent with the Greenwich Biodiversity Action Plan Promotes local distinctiveness by providing a site specific design solution Integrate with existing path and circulation networks and patterns of activity particularity for pedestrians and cyclists.

2.2 THEMES Protecting and improving the things that make Royal Greenwich a great place to l i v e, w o r k , l e a r n a n d v i s i t – t h i s i n c l u d e s successfully encouraging, enabling and m a n a g i n g m a j o r c h a n g e s i n R o y a l G r e e n w i c h ’s physical environment revitalisation of green spaces, delivering high quality sustainable development, helping to improve deprived communities and increase access to jobs and key services.

The project will not only have low detrimental e f f e c t s o n t h e s i t e, b u t e n h a n c e t h e a r e a g r e a t l y, i n t e r m s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y a n d c u l t u r a l l y, s e c u r i n g t h e f u t u r e o f t h e s c h e m e in the park, evolving with the diverse nature of the park. The area will be transformed with a community green space for growing vegetables, benefiting all demographics both m e n t a l l y a n d p h y s i c a l l y.

Clear design parameters to follow

KNIGHT DRAGON PROPOSAL FOR GREENWICH PENINSULA

Policies taken from:(Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies, 2014)

SECTION 1B

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Development within it should protect and e n h a n c e t h e s e Va l u e s . D e v e l o p m e n t w i t h i n the buffer zone (as defined on the Proposals Map) and setting should not adversely impact o n t h o s e Va l u e s , i n c l u d i n g v i e w s t o a n d f r o m t h e S i t e. 4.4.33 The Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site Management Plan (2005) provides a framework for the activities that t a k e p l a c e i n t h e S i t e, w h i l s t e n s u r i n g t h a t they do not conflict with the need to protect the heritage qualities that make Maritime Greenwich such a special and unique place. It sets out aims and objectives for the Site and a p r o g r a m m e o f l o n g a n d s h o r t- t e r m a c t i o n s . Policies taken from:(Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies, 2014)

FIGURE .48

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

D H 4 M A R I T I M E G R E E N W I C H WO R L D H E R I TAG E S I T E

SECTION 1B

PLANNING

Throughout the design process great care has been taken with every facet of the design to deliver a well designed, aesthetically p l e a s i n g , a n d f u n c t i o n a l s c h e m e. The building will be constructed following the LETI framework to mitigate the potential harmful effects on the environment that the construction process can have. Care has been taken to meet the requirements set out in the BAP in order to adhere to these policies. Site specific solutions have been incorporated from the outset to ensure a non detrimental impact to the existing typology of the site, creating a bespoke and crafted building occupying the site. Existing circulation and paths will be utilised for the new scheme as to not effect existing circulation of the site.

The scheme has no impact on any of the listed building or landmarks within Greenwich Park, protected vistas or rights to light. There is also no demolition of any existing building taking place. The Flower Gardens natural screening provides coverage for the site from approach, concealing any detrimental impact a building may have. The project must strictly follow the framework set out by this document in order for planning permission to be successful.

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2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT R E L E VA N T P L A N N I N G P O L I C I E S A N D T H E I R I M P L I C AT I O N S

Clear design parameters to follow

D H ( h ) C O N S E RVAT I O N A R E A S

DESIGN RESPONSE

OS4 BIODIVERSITY

DESIGN RESPONSE

Planning permission will only be granted for proposals which pay special attention to preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of the Conservation Area. T h e l o c a l s c a l e, t h e e s t a b l i s h e d p a t t e r n o f development and landscape, building form and materials will all be taken into account. Development on sites in the vicinity of a Conservation Area and which would have a v i s u a l e f f e c t o n i t s c h a r a c t e r o r a p p e a r a n c e, should respect the setting of that area.

The scheme will be developed in collaboration with English Heritage to ensure a sensitive approach to the design and site is delivered.

Biodiversity enhancements will be encouraged particularly in areas that are currently deficient in accessible wildlife sites.

By the nature of the design, biodiversity will be increased via the enhanced planting and soil health surrounding the scheme.

Reference in terms of materiality will be taken from surrounding sites as to not upset the relationship between the heritage assets and the proposal. Maintaining a harmony t h r o u g h o u t t h e s c h e m e, w h i l s t i d e n t i f y i n g a clear distinction between the new building a n d t h o s e o f h i s t o r i c s i g n i f i c a n c e.

4.5.18 Access to wildlife is important for those who live in Royal Greenwich. It provides an opportunity to learn about t h e n a t u r a l e n v i r o n m e n t a n d w i l d l i f e, e n h a n c i n g t h e i r e n v i r o n m e n t a l k n o w l e d g e. The Greenwich Environmental Curriculum Centre in Eltham promotes environmental and outdoor education and is extensively used by local schools.

4.4.6.1 The policy also enables the Royal Borough to assess the comparative quality of existing and proposed development and ensure that new development will enhance the character and appearance of the conservation area, and help to reveal i t s s i g n i f i c a n c e. T h i s i n c l u d e s n o t o n l y t h e individual buildings, but also the streets, spaces, patterns, views, vistas, uses and trees, which contribute to the special character or appearance of that conservation area.

The building will enhance the area and c r e a t e v a s t b e n e f i t s f o r t h e l o c a l c o m m u n i t y, whilst acknowledging the vast complexities of the parks history in more recent years by s h o w c a s i n g t h e m i x e d u s e h i s t o r y o f L o n d o n ’s Parks.

In certain instances preliminary archaeological site investigations may be required before proposals are considered.

Care will be taken when the construction starts as to not destroy any potential archaeological assets within the park.

At identified sites of known archaeological r e m a i n s o f n a t i o n a l i m p o r t a n c e, i n c l u d i n g scheduled monuments, there will be a presumption in favour of the physical preservation of the remains in situ and to allow for public access and display and to preserve their settings.

The use of lightweight foundations such as screw piles will further reduce the risk of d a m a g i n g a n y p o t e n t i a l a r c h a e o l o g i c a l s i t e.

An appropriate level of survey to enable decisions to be made about the existing trees o n t h e s i t e. D e v e l o p m e n t d e c i s i o n s w i l l b e based on the requirement: To p r o t e c t t r e e s a n d t h e i r r o o t s y s t e m s f r o m damage as a result of the development both during and after building operations;

Ke y n o n n e g o t i a b l e f a c t o r t o consider in design process

Fo r s i t e s o f l e s s e r i m p o r t a n c e t h e R o y a l Borough will seek to preserve the remains in situ, but where this is not feasible the remains should either be investigated, e x c a v a t e d a n d r e m o v e d f r o m t h e s i t e, o r investigated, excavated and recorded before destruction.

PROPOSAL FOR MORDEN WHARF R E D E V E LO P M E N T

FIGURE .49

FIGURE .50

To a c h i e v e a n a p p r o p r i a t e r e p l a c e m e n t o f t r e e s t a k i n g a c c o u n t o f s i z e, c o v e r a g e a n d species where it is agreed that existing trees can be felled; The retention of trees and the protection and enhancement of natural and ecological features, tree ridge lines, green corridors, wildlife habitats, boundary walls, surface materials, hedges and other features where t h e s e w i l l c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e b i o d i v e r s i t y.

A tree survey will be undertaken prior to any works on site as to protect these trees of historic significance. These trees outlined as of importance will not avoided from the construction. Any trees that are able to be removed will be moved close by on the site as to abide by the Greener Greenwich policies. Passive water systems have been incorporated into the design as a means to further reduce the environmental impact the building will have on the site. An ecologist will be consulted and be a significant member of the team as to protect t h e e x i s t i n g b i o d i v e r s i t y, a n d m a x i m i s e t h e potential for creation of habitat, and increase i n b i o d i v e r s i t y. E n s u r i n g n o d e t r i m e n t a l effects to any existing habitat or wildlife.

4.6.2 The Royal Borough aims to address climate change through mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation refers to limiting further climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions particularly carbon d i o x i d e. A d a p t a t i o n r e f e r s t o t h e a c t i o n s taken in preparation for the impacts of c l i m a t e c h a n g e, w h i c h a r e n o w i n e v i t a b l e.

Policies taken from:(Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies, 2014)

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

Care will be taken to maintain habitats that exist currently on site.

O S ( F ) E C O LO G I C A L FAC TO R S

Clear design parameters to abide by conservation planning policy

D H ( M ) A R C H A E O LO GY

As well as the vegetable planting which provides habitat for wildlife, the nearby pond will be brought to a healthy level once again, creating further habitat for wildlife to thrive.

Policies taken from:(Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies, 2014) SECTION 1B

PLANNING

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GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1B

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2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT R E L E VA N T P L A N N I N G P O L I C I E S A N D T H E I R I M P L I C AT I O N S

R OYA L G R E E N W I C H LO C A L P L A N ( 2 0 1 4 ) Clear design parameters to follow

2.02 PLANNING CONTEXT T H E LO N D O N P L A N

T H E LO N D O N P L A N 2 0 2 1 Clear design parameters to follow

A W A R E N E S S O F R E L E VA N T P O L I C I E S

C H 2 H E A LT H Y C O M M U N I T I E S

DESIGN RESPONSE

GG2 Making the best use of land

DESIGN RESPONSE

All development must allow and enable residents to lead more healthy and active lifestyles. Measures that will help to build healthier communities and address health inequalities must be incorporated i n t o d e v e l o p m e n t w h e r e p o s s i b l e, a n d developments are expected to:

The nature of the scheme being an area of growing vegetables means the aforementioned health inequalities can be addressed for the borough and beyond.

B prioritise sites which are well-connected by existing or planned public transport

Many transport links to the park already exist. These existing links will remain in place for the proposal. Site specific solutions have been incorporated into the design to maximise the potential of the scheme.

Promote healthy and active living for all age groups, including older people Ensure access to local healthy food, including the protection of street and farmers’ markets and encourage new markets where appropriate; safeguard existing allotments and, for major developments in deficiency areas, include appropriately sited allotments or community gardens.

D applying a design–led approach to determine the optimum development capacity of sites

The community surrounding the park will g r e a t l y b e n e f i t f r o m t h e s c h e m e, p r o m o t i n g a h e a l t h y a n d a c t i v e l i f e s t y l e. T h e s c h e m e provides much needed green space for the community as some have little to no access in their homes. Greenspace is important for not only physical but mental health.

GG3 Creating a healthy city

The scheme addressees food poverty in the area by giving the lowest income households the ability to cheaply grow their own fruits a n d v e g e t a b l e s . C l o s i n g t h i s g a p o f i n e q u a l i t y. Strong support of projects promoting/ aiding a healthy lifestyle Recognised benefits to community food growing schemes

Po l i c y TC 7 E n c o u r a g e s a c c e s s t o h e a l t h y food by protecting shops in local centres and neighbourhood parades. It is also important to protect markets in Royal Greenwich, which are also providers of healthy food, and to e n c o u r a g e n e w m a r k e t s w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e. 4.7.28 Community food growing is important, not only in helping to provide people with healthy local food, but also because it i n v o l v e s e x e r c i s e, f r e s h a i r a n d i n t e r a c t i o n with the natural environment which has proven to be positive for mental well-being. There is a continuing interest in allotment gardening and it is generally a localised activity with plot holders living within easy walking distance of their plots. The demand generally exceeds the supply of plots and further development will therefore be e n c o u r a g e d w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e. The Open Space Study demonstrates that there are two small areas in the north and centre of Royal Greenwich that are deficient in allotments. Additional allotments or community gardens in these areas will meet the needs of residents who are unable to benefit from current allotment provision. The standard of provision for allotments is 0.12 hectares per 1000 population.

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

The scheme is extremely supportive of this p o l i c y, p r o v i s i o n i n g a n d p r e s e r v i n g g r e e n space for the community and increasing the availability of healthy food.

I seek to create a healthy food environment, increasing the availability of healthy food and restricting unhealthy options.

Care must be taken to ensure the proper provisioning of space to each part of the programme in order to ensure maximum o u t p u t f o r t h e b e n e f i t o f t h e c o m m u n i t y.

Po l i c y H C 2 Wo r l d H e r i t a g e S i t e s D Up-to-date World Heritage Site Management Plans should be used to inform the plan-making process, and when considering planning applications.

The design has followed the relevant World Heritage Site framework documents in order to adhere to the outlined policies for buildings within these protected zones.

7.2.2 The surrounding built environment must be carefully managed to ensure that the attributes of the World Heritage Sites that m a k e t h e m o f O u t s t a n d i n g U n i v e r s a l Va l u e a r e protected and enhanced, while allowing the surrounding area to change and evolve as it has for centuries.

Po s i t i v e e x t e r n a l i t i e s o f t h e s c h e m e c l o s e l y o u t l i n e d w i t h i n t h i s p o l i c y. T h e s c h e m e a c t s to address the gap in demand and supply for allotment space in London. Allowing more people the opportunity to have their own s p a c e.

Po l i c y G 8 Fo o d g r o w i n g

The scheme is directly addressing the outlined need for more allotment space within the borough.

Po l i c i e s d e m a n d i n g a l l o t m e n t s f o r n e w developments in place

Policies taken from:(Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies, 2014) SECTION 1B

G plan for improved access to and quality of green spaces, the provision of new green i n f r a s t r u c t u r e, a n d s p a c e s f o r p l a y, r e c r e a t i o n and sports

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Policies taken from (The London Plan, 2021)

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1B

Protect existing allotments and encourage p r o v i s i o n o f s p a c e f o r u r b a n a g r i c u l t u r e, including community gardening, and food growing within new developments and as a m e a n w h i l e u s e o n v a c a n t o r u n d e r- u t i l i s e d sites

The scheme addresses this present need for community growing spaces, and sets out a framework for the expansion of the provision o f h e a l t h y f o o d s f o r t h e c o m m u n i t y.

8 . 8 . 5 T h e C a p i t a l G r o w t h n e t w o r k i s L o n d o n ’s food growing network, which continues to promote community food growing across the capital, as well as delivering food-growing skills and employment opportunities for Londoners.

The proposal will work closely with the Capital Growth Network in order to deliver the aims set out by both client, council and architect, as to deliver the best possible functional, aesthetically pleasing and beneficial project possible.

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C O M M U N I T Y I N F R A ST R U C T U R E L E V Y ( C I L )

LO C A L P R E C E D E N T S T Y P I C A L D E V E LO P M E N T I N G R E E N W I C H

The community infrastructure levy ( C I L ) i s a c h a rg e w h i c h c a n b e l e v i e d b y local authorities on new development in their local area. It can be an important tool to aid a council in providing vital infrastructure that is needed to support t h e s e l a rg e d e v e l o p m e n t s i n t h e a r e a . ‘Most new development which creates net additional floor space of 100 square metres o r m o r e, o r c r e a t e s a n e w d w e l l i n g i s p o t e n t i a l l y l i a b l e f o r t h e l e v y.’ T h e p r o p o s a l would fall into this category for the CIL as it will be over 100 square metres gross a d d e d t o t h e s i t e. The levy collected can help to fund community infrastructure projects such as flood defences, schools, hospitals, and various health and social care facilities. It is down to the local authority what to spend the levy on, it can be used to create n e w i n f r a s t r u c t u r e, o r t o r e p a i r e x i s t i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e, o r t o e x p a n d e x i s t i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e.

The planning officers may view this scheme to be beneficial to the community infrastructure of the Borough, therefore m a y h a v e a n e x e m p t i o n t o t h e C I L l e v y.

N O N I S S U E S I N P L A N N I N G A P P L I C AT I O N R I G H T S TO L I G H T I S S U E S

There are no right to light issues with the proposal as there are no adjoining properties/ b u i l d i n g s n e a r b y. T h e h e i g h t o f t h e p r o p o s a l is subversive and will therefore have no adverse effect on any buildings surrounding the park.

PA RT Y WA L L I S S U E S

No adjoining properties/ shared party walls to cause conflict with the proposal.

E X I ST I N G L I ST E D B U I L D I N G S O N T H E S I T E

There is no existing buildings on proposed site to be concerned with.

VIEWING CORRIDOR

The proposal is not impeding the Parks protected viewing corridors, nor be tall enough to effect any views of the corridor from surrounding areas.

R I G H T O F S U P P O RT

No buildings nearby or on the site sharing mutual support for land / structure. The right to support does however arises naturally for land and this right cannot be removed. If support of a piece of land is removed and subsidence occurs damages may be sought.

The council could instead pay towards the project as it can be seen as beneficial t o t h e c o m m u n i t y. A s p a r t o f a g r o w i n g infrastructure / improving food networks and the accessibility to healthy foods.

By nature the scheme is a project for the c o m m u n i t y, a i m i n g t o i m p r o v e t h e f o o d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e f o r t h e l o c a l c o m m u n i t y, w i t h great consideration in improving both the physical and mental health of the residents. FIGURE .51

FIGURE .52

Local precedent showing a typical redevelopment of the area. 4 new blocks of flats redeveloped from a brownfield site. Within the planning proposal put forward by Bellway for 278 homes shows an inadequate amount of green space allocation for the residents. Within the concept plan green spaces have been allocated, however from the aerial photograph we can see this is not the case, the space instead taken up by dark hard court cage type play areas, which are suitable for some sports activities, but not everyone’s needs. The orientation of the flats is also not maximising the natural sunlight, facing north to south, the middle apartments will be blocked from natural light by the outer two blocks for most of the day. This is unfortunately a very typical representation of the redevelopments within Greenwich, profit motivated and its residents seen as customers above all else. The scheme I am proposing seeks to remedy this failure from large developments, by giving back to each of the residents a patch of green space they can call their own, giving them ownership to use it how they would like. Encouraging healthy eating and lifting the general health and wellbeing of the population. GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

Clear design parameters to follow (Community Infrastructure Levy, 2022) SECTION 1B

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https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Right_of_support

SECTION 1B

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2.03 PLANNING ARGUMENT

2.03 PLANNING ARGUMENT A COMMUNITY HUB

H E A LT H Y F O O D F O R A L L R E D U C I N G F O O D P O V E RT Y

FIGURE .53

In the Greenwich Local Plan there are clear policies set out regarding the local community, and the importance of creating architectures with bring the community together, rather than segregate it. The scheme will break down barriers between the community, bringing them together around a mutual passion for growing vegetables, with the scheme being the catalyst for this. The scheme will exist as an important public space, one of support and well-being for the community. From families to isolated individuals it will provide a platform to meet people, socialise, trade goods and create a safe space for everybody to enjoy. Utilising existing circulation within the flower garden will encourage natural footfall to the site, allowing new people to explore the scheme which brings together production, education, and activities such as workshops to engage with the community, creating a new hub within the Park, producing a myriad of benefits for the local residents.

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

FIGURE .54

Upholding the vast cultural and historic legacy of the Park is of utmost importance to the local Council, and the nation as a whole. Within the Local Plan there is clear objectives set out to achieve by 2028. Key to the policies is enhancing Royal Greenwich. Protecting and improving the assets of the Borough are extremely important to maintain the status of the area. A strong case for this application will its inclusion of the net zero carbon objectives for new developments. Not only purifying the air around the site, but offsetting carbon of nearby new developments.

Food poverty is a big issue throughout not only London, but the whole nation. The scheme will act as a Government backed pilot scheme to close the inequality gap. Giving everyone the access to healthy, fresh food.

The scheme will enhance the Park by solidifying its importance as green space for years to come. The multi use scheme will help to educate, provide foods and a platform for the community to gather around. Enriching the local populations lives drastically. Working in line with the Local plan and the London Plan, it will increase the economy and employment of the area, through trainings and education schemes.

A strong argument for the application being successful is the scheme being able to provide essential foods to not only the people most in need, but the whole community, addressing shortcomings in the nation at present.

SECTION 1B

PLANNING

Identified in the census information many residents feel as if they have a poor diet, a clear failure in food supply systems within the City. Failure to address this situation will only lead to greater strain on the NHS, and a poorer quality of life. (BETTER HEALTH A GLA guide for London’s Boroughs London Borough of Greenwich, 2013)

The project will provide indoor and outdoor learning spaces, social spaces. The architecture itself sits as an indoor growing space to aid the communities learning about how to grown their own foods, and to kick start the usually time consuming, and difficult process of cultivation. Children of the local community will be able to come and learn about the importance of a healthy lifestyle, and ow to grow their own produce, as a means of cementing the ethos and importance of healthy living throughout the community. Lifting the quality of life within the borough and beyond, for everyone. The scheme will combine both public and private spaces to create the learning hub, partnering with local schools and initiatives, lifting the skills of the local population, working in line with the Greenwich local plans policy of providing skills and training, reducing unemployment, and bringing benefit to the economy and health of Greenwich and the City of London as a whole.

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M E N TA L A N D P H YS I C A L H E A LT H BENEFITS

RISK OF FOOD CRISIS

FIGURE .55

FIGURE .56

The mental and physical health benefits of healthy eating and time outside in green space have been greatly researched and spoken about in cultural discourse. As the need for housing increases in London and the UK, the green spaces that so many rely on for mental and physical well-being are at risk of being used for housing projects. The preservation of green space is the topic of many planning policies across many documents, not only for the positive effects on people, but also the environment.

A food crisis is a reality few wish to address. Using the project as a pilot scheme, the Government wish to use this scheme as a testing ground for these new centres, should we one day need them in the event of a food crisis due to environmental, or political reasons. The planning argument for the scheme building built is one of national importance, should we one day find ourselves in a food crisis. These schemes will need to be in place for a certain amount of time before they can produce the amount of food required to support the nation. It will be critical to get the measures in place early to react to such a crisis.

The scheme will secure accessible green space for the residents of Greenwich for many years to come, ensuring everybody, no matter their situation, has access to green space, and a green space they can call their own. The positive effects of gardening and healthy eating have been extensively documented and researched, the scheme will bring these spaces to the heart to the community and breed these positive effects throughout. Creating a healthy and happy community.

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

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PLANNING

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2.03 PLANNING ARGUMENT

2.04 PLANNING ARGUMENT

BIODIVERSITY AND E C O LO G I C A L FA C TO R S

C L I M AT E C H A N G E M I T I G AT I O N AND RESEARCH

C O N C LU S I O N A N D L I K E L I H O O D O F P L A N N I N G A P P R O VA L The scheme, like all building projects is not without its complexities. The main one being the site location, in a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and site of vast cultural and historic importance. Despite this, the scheme, working in conjunction with the Greenwich Park Revealed scheme which has planning permission granted, will add another interesting layer to the scheme, uncovering a flaw in the GPR proposal, which forgets the parks more recent history of use as a utilitarian topology, and enhance the parks rich legacy for the next 100 years, reinstating its legacy as a site for innovation.

‘Findings show that more than a third—34%— of all man-made greenhouse gas emissions are generated by food systems’ VA ST R A N G E O F I N S E C T S V I TA L TO T H E B I O D I V E R S I T Y

The food products grown on the site will greatly benefit the community of Greenwich in many ways. Firstly, the consumption of the vegetables, benefiting to a healthy lifestyle. Secondly, the mental health benefits of both feeling like a part of a community, and being outside in greenspace, an initiative that the local council have shifted their focus to in recent years, the positive effects greatly documented. Thirdly, with less demand for imported fruit and vegetables, the presence of large delivery vehicles will be minimised in the Borough. Lastly, the great biodiversity created by the scheme will create habitats for a variety of animals and species to thrive, creating a beautiful environment on the doorstep of residents.

OV E R 9 0 S P E C I E S O F B I R D S H AV E B E E N R E C O R D E D I N T H E PA R K FIGURE .57

H A B I TAT S P R OT E C T E D A N D E N H A N C E D

Greenwich park is a rich habitat for hundreds of species of a vast array of wildlife and insects creating a biodiverse habitat essential to the survival of these creatures. The proposal will not negatively effect the biodiversity of the park, keeping existing habitats in tact and preserving them. The scheme will further enhance these habitats through the preservation of green space, and facilitating the growth of a vast range of flowers and plants, which provide habitats for all types of creatures, currently in the park, and also attracting new species to the park, lifting the biodiversity of the area, creating nutrient rich vegetables, plants and soils. Rejuvenation of the pond will allow for a variety of species to breed and return to the Park, using the pond as their habitat, waterfowl and birds will be able to thrive, as well as a variety of flowers which bloom in water rich areas. Great importance will be placed on preservation of trees GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

WAT E R FOW L W H I C H W I L L R E T U R N

on the site, and any tree which has to be removed will be transplanted or replaced. This does not apply to any of the protected ancient trees which will not be changed or damaged in any way. As a result preserving habitats further. Specialist consultation will be undertaken when considering the foundation type for the scheme, as to minimise adverse effects on tree welfare. This will include an accurate survey of the site and root systems. If any roots are found to he in danger of being damaged, Greenwich council would be notified and a decision would have to be made regarding the planning proposal and if it impedes and tree protection orders. The scheme will be designed in adherence to the LETI Design Guide as to strictly abide by the net zero carbon targets, and preservation of ecosystems and habitats. Ensuring the future of the scheme is one of biodiversity, and rich in wildlife.

SECTION 1B

Through the protection of the Cities green spaces, climate change will help to be mitigated, in the general sense of the plants and vegetables sequestering carbon, but also the need to import foods from abroad will diminish. Cutting down on the need for transport emissions. With less deliveries happening in Greenwich, the quality of air will increase, and levels of noise pollution will decrease. Leading to a healthier and more peaceful environment for living.

where we are not only allowing everyone access to fresh fruit and vegetables, but also fighting against climate change, one of the biggest threats to the world currently. We must act now to be able to save the planet, the food we eat is one of the biggest contributors to climate change, and Greenwich Council wish to be at the forefront of a revolution throughout the city, bringing about a re-reading surrounding consumption and growing. Reigniting the area as a hub for innovation, as it once was.

The scheme also acts as a crisis response to the ever present threat of a food crisis, as a result of climate change. The scheme seeks to revive old habits of locally grown food, a trend which seems to be coming back as more and more people become health conscious, and interested in where their food has come from, and also becoming conscious of their foods environmental impact on the world.

The site location in the flower garden is intrinsic to the scheme due to the rich possibility of biodiversity within the site. Bees and wasps will greatly help the pollination for the vegetables which will be grown here. Reinvigorating the biodiversity cycle, and kick-starting the rejuvenation of the park. The relative privacy of the flower garden would support the planning application, there would be no adverse effects to any area of the park from the scheme. It will instead protect the future of the historic flower garden as both a rich habitat, and a beautiful location within the park. The scheme will remain lightweight on the site, as to not disturb the tranquillity of the flower garden, nor be a visual burden.

FIGURE .58

O P P O RT U N I T I E S - Creation of a community hub - Vast mental and physical health benefits for residents - Climate change mitigation - Increased biodiversity - Preservation of the historic flower garden - Enhance the legacy of the Park for the next 100 years

The benefits of the scheme are vast, to the local community, the environment, and the nation as a whole, dealing with very real and immediate crisis we will have to address in the near future. The chosen site couples the need for the scheme with the rejuvenation of the Park through the Greenwich park Revealed scheme. For this reason, coupled with The Royal Borough of Greenwich backing, I believe the Planning Authority will view the application positively, and grant planning permission with the view of the scheme being a beautiful and valuable hub for the community.

Through this scheme we hope to strive towards a world PLANNING

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GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

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PLANNING

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3.01 THE CLIENT C L I E N T S A N D S TA K E H O L D E R S

THE CLIENT

The client for the project will be the Royal Borough of Greenwich, working in collaboration with The Capital Growth network who will provide specialist consultation regarding the gardens and proposed scheme in the Park.

SECTION 3.0

THE CLIENT C O N T R A C T U A L R E L AT I O N S H I P S THE DESIGN TEAM PROGRAMME PROCUREMENT

D E L I V E RY

T H E C O L L A B O R AT O R

The Capital Growth Network operate over 2,000 gardens in London, supporting people who g r o w t h e i r o w n v e g e t a b l e s i n t h e c i t y. T h e y a r e s u p p o r t e d b y L o n d o n Fo o d L i n k , t h e M a y o r o f L o n d o n a n d C i t y B r i d g e Tr u s t . C h a m p i o n e d b y t h e C h a i r o f t h e L o n d o n Fo o d B o a r d , R o s i e Boycott.

S TA K E H O L D E R S

Initially the scheme will be funded through Government grants - such as the ‘Grow back Greener ’ campaign. Designed to create and enhance green spaces and increase climate r e s i s t a n c e. T h e f u n d h a s a l r e a d y h e l p e d t o create projects such as new wetlands, river restorations, community gardens and outdoor p l a yg r o u n d s . Donations from the National Lottery community fund will also help to fund the project. They give grants to community projects and recently projects committed to support climate change action.

P R I M A RY F U N D I N G SOURCES

The project will act as a proof of concept scheme for the Government, who may look to implement more of the schemes across London to allow more and more people access to green gardening space and the man benefits that c o m e s w i t h t h e i n i t i a t i v e.

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

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DELIVERY

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PROGRAMME DRIVERS

CLIENT AMBITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

The clients brief has many potential factors effecting the delivery of the scheme. Many of the points of this brief in particular involve the time conscious factors of delivering the project a s s o o n a s p o s s i b l e. Knowing this from the conception allows for the design team to use this as a design driver when considering proposals. When time pressures are so great it is important to haver this in mind from the outset, as design decisions will reply on this. Allowance for time can be designed i n t o a s c h e m e, c r e a t i n g e a s i e r m e t h o d s t o construction, or pre fabrication so the on site assembly is very quick.

The scheme will also act as a pilot scheme which could be rolled out across the nation, as the threat of food shortages and crisis become a e v e r g r o w i n g t h r e a t d u e t o c l i m a t e c h a n g e. The scheme will provide many positive externalities to the park such as, increasing b i o d i v e r s i t y, r e s i s t i n g c l i m a t e c h a n g e, improving the water quality of the flower pond, and securing the legacy of the park for years to c o m e. T h e G o v e r n m e n t s i n t e r e s t s h e r e l i e a s a means of increasing the health of its citizens.

T h e C o m m u n i t y Fu n d s i n t e r e s t s l i e i n t h e s p a c e bringing the community together and acting as a catalyst to transform not only peoples relationship with the food they eat, but the city in a wider context, as we become more conscious and responsible for the foods we c o n s u m e, a n d w h e r e t h e y a r e s o u r c e d f r o m . The Royal Borough of Greenwich seek to reinstate Greenwich Park as a birthplace of innovation, harking back to its rich history as a site of research and development, and also as a lifeline to the people of London throughout the w a r, w h e n v a s t a r e a s o f t h e p a r k w a s u s e d f o r allotments. T h e p r e s s u r e s t h e c l i e n t s a r e u n d e r a r e t i m e, q u a l i t y, a n d l o n g e v i t y o f t h e s c h e m e w h e n c o m p l e t e. T h e y w a n t t h e s c h e m e t o b e u p and producing foods as quickly as possible, whilst producing a high quality design that is aesthetically pleasing and also functional, whilst helping to mitigate the boroughs effects o n c l i m a t e c h a n g e.

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

DESIGN RESPONSE

Get the scheme producing foods as quickly as possible

Modular elements which can be quickly assembled on site

Still allowing for site specific customisation / adaptation

Create the scheme being conscious of cost

Consider all factors relating to the cost of a project to save money at every stage possible

In both construction cost but also operational / maintenance costs in the future

Maximise light and floorspace

Use a lightweight structural system to minimise shadow casting and maximise floor space

Structural members oriented in relation to the sun the reduce shadows within the building

Aim to create a net zero carbon construction project

Incorporate natural energy saving design in the scheme

High performing envelope Passive/ natural ventilation Passive water collection systems

Fa c t o r s e f f e c t i n g p r o g r a m m e :

The clients brief is to produce a scheme which rethinks and innovates the traditional a l l o t m e n t , f i t f o r 2 1 s t c e n t u r y u s e. C r e a t i n g a community hub within the heart of the c o m m u n i t y t o p r o v i d e h e a l t h y, f r e s h p r o d u c e for the population, whilst educating both adults and children, as a means to address the current food poverty crisis and lack of healthy food consumption.

The clients aspirations for the scheme drives t h e d e s i g n a n d a e s t h e t i c f o r t h e s c h e m e, through the request of creating a bespoke and aesthetically pleasing building, which will act as a life line for many families within the c o m m u n i t y.

CLIENT DRIVERS

Create an innovative and well designed scheme to preserve and enhance the conservation area values of Greenwich

A facility to protect and enhance green space in London

Bring together the community around green space to improve mental and physical health

Reduce the carbon footprint of the nations food

Create a community hub to encourage education and the provision of healthy foods

Reinstate Greenwich as a site of innovation and research

Promote health and well-being through gardening

Lift the health levels within London, then expanding to Nationwide

Create a proof of concept for urban farming to address the threat of food shortage crisis due to climate change

Provide social benefit to the local and wider context of Greenwich

‘Grow Back Greener’ protect, enhance and create green-space throughout the capital to benefit mental and physical health

Resist against climate change, ensuring sustainability and environmentally conscious design and fabrication.

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DELIVERY

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DELIVERY

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3 . 0 2 C O N T R AC T UA L R E L AT I O N S H I P S S P E C I F I C TO T H I S P R O J E C T The contractual and working relationships are important to understand in order to effectively define each person / teams key responsibilities, in order not to duplicate effort nor miss important information out. The design and build contract I am proposing is s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t t o t h e c o n v e n t i o n a l p r a c t i c e. I propose to begin with, at the initial design s t a g e, t h a t t h e C l i e n t a n d A r c h i t e c t h a v e a contractual relationship in order to define t h e d e s i r e d b r i e f, a n d w o r k u p a s c h e m e both parties are happy with, functionally and a e s t h e t i c a l l y. T h i s i s t o m i t i g a t e a s m a n y d e c i s i o n s f o r t h e m a i n c o n t r a c t o r a s p o s s i b l e. I f t o o m a n y i t e m s a r e l e f t t o t h e m a i n c o n t r a c t o r, there is a risk the schemes could not meet the brief once completed.

3.03 DESIGN TEAM LEGAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The main contractor will be brought on at this stage as a consultant, to give advise on the b u i l d a b i l i t y o f t h e s c h e m e f r o m a n e a r l y s t a g e.

the architect to have a working relationship w i t h t h e s u b c o n t r a c t o r s a l s o, t o o v e r s e e w o r k s completed.

Once a suitable scheme has been drawn in detail it will be handed over to the main c o n t r a c t o r, w h o w i l l t h e n t a k e t h e l e a d o f t h e project, and gain responsibility for delivery of the project, both on time and budget, this is part of their contract to the client.

(Designing Buildings, 2022)

ARCHITECT: Responsibilities: Develop the design of the building, working closely with the client to provide a scheme that fits their brief with a feasible design, consulting specialists throughout the process to guide and advise on the strategy of the building.

DESIGN AND BUILD CONTRACTOR:

The architect will remain on the team as a consultant to ensure the quality of the p r o j e c t d o e s n o t d r o p, a n d t o a d v i s e o n t e c h n i c a l q u e r i e s t h e b u i l d e r m a y h a v e. The main contractor will appoint their own s u b c o n t r a c t o r s f o r t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f l a b o u r, but it would be beneficial to all parties for

Responsibilities: Develop the design package alongside the design team, assisting with specialist input on buildability that may influence the design. Planning, organisation, control and construction of the works. Working with clients tenders of ‘Employers Requirements’ which must be responded with ‘Contractors Proposals’ which must include a price for the works.

C O N T R AC T UA L R E L AT I O N S H I P S D U R I N G I N I T I A L D E S I G N P H A S E

C O N T R AC T UA L R E L AT I O N S H I P S D U R I N G D E TA I L E D D E S I G N A N D C O N ST R U C T I O N

SUBCONTRACTORS Responsibilities: Provide skill based labour as directed by the main contractor. The whole project will be split up by the contractor and assigned to the specialist sub contractors.

METAL FABRICATION SPECIALIST Responsibilities: Provide specialist consultation on the design of elements of the building. Considering time, cost, quality, and buildability. They may then be contracted to fabricate these designed elements

HVAC SPECIALIST Responsibilities: Provide consultation on the heating, cooling and ventilation of the building. They should work closely with the design team to incorporate environmentally friendly, passive systems into the scheme.

STRUCTURAL GLAZING SPECIALIST Responsibilities: Provide specialist consultation on large glazed elements of the scheme. In terms of feasibility, costs, and structural and design implications of these elements. They should work closely with the design team to incorporate the appropriate systems. GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

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GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

ECOLOGIST

ARCHITECTS LEGAL DUTIES / RESPONSIBILITIES

Responsibilities: Advise both client and architect on the best way in which to preserve and enhance the ecology of the area through the building proposal and its surroundings.

Ensuring they have the necessary skills, knowledge and experience

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Responsibilities: Advise both client and architect on the best way in which to create natural and built environments for the project. Working closely with the ecologist to create a landscape scheme which boosts the biodiversity and is aesthetically pleasing.

Not commencing work unless they are satisfied that the client is aware of their duties under the regulations

SUSTAINABILITY OFFICER

Cooperating with others involved with the project or any project on adjoining sites.

Responsibilities: Advise both client and architect on the best way in which to create meet sustainability requirements for new projects, in line with the LETI guidelines.

Reporting instances where they or others are working in a way which is putting themselves or others in danger

CONSERVATION OFFICER Responsibilities: Advise both client and architect on the best way in which to deliver the project whilst protecting, and enhancing the conservation area in which the site sits.

Technical accuracy of all documents and regular liaison with main contractor

ENGLISH HERITAGE Providing accurate and up to date information to aid construction to members of the main contractor

Responsibilities: Advise both client and architect on the best way in which to deliver the project whilst protecting, and enhancing the conservation area in which the site sits.

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

Evaluating general risks in line with the general principles of prevention and pre construction information with the aim of eliminating foreseeable risks

Responsibilities: Provide consultation on the structural scheme of the project to Contractor and Architect to incorporate into the design. Produce drawings detailing the structural specification of the scheme for construction

Where H&S risks are unavoidable, appropriate information must be provided for the steps taken to control or reduce that risk

QUANTITY SURVEYOR Responsibilities: Consult with Architect, Contractor and client regarding cost, materials, time and labour costs. They may also provide an accurate cost breakdown of the project, splitting down the factors of the project to be priced.

Agree with the principle designer the arrangements for sharing information to avoid omissions or duplicated effort Ensuring that any information they provide is easy to understand and provided in good time

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3.04 PROGRAMME

LEGAL DUTIES AND REQUIREMENTS

LETI REQUIREMENTS

Architects Role; The architects role in this project (D&B contract) is to create a scheme which answers the brief developed by the design team and the client to the highest possible standards. Aiding the design and build contractor by supplying detailed designs to be constructed and also consulting on site when needed. Consulting specialists throughout the process in order to guide the design, Being extremely conscious of the environment throughout the construction, using the LETI guide to set out net carbon zero goals for the project.

The RIBA Plan of Work organises the process of briefing, designing, delivering, maintaining, operating and using a building into eight stages. It is a framework for all disciplines on construction projects and should be used solely as guidance for the preparation of detailed professional services and building contracts.

STAGE OUTCOME

CORE TASKS Tailored to this specific project

Main Contractors Role;

STRATEGIC DEFINITION

PREPARATION AND BRIEFING

CONCEPT DESIGN

SPACIAL COORDINATION

TECHNICAL DESIGN

MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION

HANDOVER

USE

The best means of achieving the Client Requirements confirmed

Project Brief approved by the client and confirmed that it can be accommodated on the site

Architectural Concept approved by the client and aligned to the Project Brief

Prepare Client Requirements

Prepare Project Brief including Project Outcomes and Sustainability Outcomes,

Prepare Architectural Concept incorporating Strategic Engineering requirements

Quality Aspirations and Spatial Requirements Agree Project Budget

Undertake Design Reviews with client and Project Stakeholders

Source Site Information including Site Surveys

Prepare stage Design Programme

Consider Project Risks and Project Budget Research relevant case studies Undertake Site Appraisals

Prepare Project Programme

The contractor is responsible for the planning a n d o rg a n i s a t i o n o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d trades carrying out the works, to meet the clients requirements. The architects will be consulted along the way to advise on design decisions, and the contractor will follow the designed scheme worked up by the design team.

CORE STATUTORY PROCESSES

INFORMATION EXCHANGES

Consultants Role; The consultants role is to provide specialist advice on a project, This may be structural, aesthetic, to do with the buildings p e r f o r m a n c e, i t s e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t , e t c . This is with the aim of combining areas of expertise to maximise the potential of the buildings performance and minimise any negative effect on the surrounding natural and built environment

Strategic appraisal of Planning considerations

Source pre-application Planning Advice Initiate collation of health and safety Pre-construction Information

Client Requirements

Obtain pre-application Planning Advice Agree route to Building Regulations compliance

Architectural and engineering information Spatially Coordinated

Undertake Design Studies, Engineering Analysis and Cost Exercises to test Architectural Concept resulting in Spatially Coordinated design aligned to updated Cost Plan, Project Strategies and Outline Specification Initiate Change Control Procedures Prepare stage Design Programme

All design information required to manufacture and construct the project completed

Develop architectural and engineering technical design Prepare and coordinate design team Building Systems information Prepare and integrate specialist subcontractor Building Systems information Prepare stage Design Programme

Review design against Building Regulations

Submit Building Regulations Application

Prepare and submit Planning Application

Discharge pre-commencement Planning Conditions

Signed off Stage Report

Manufacturing Information

Site Information

Signed off Stage Report

Project Strategies

Project Budget

Project Strategies

Updated Outline Specification

Construction Information

Project Programme

Outline Specification

Updated Cost Plan

Procurement Strategy

Cost Plan

Planning Application

Feasibility Studies

Responsibility Matrix

Finalise Site Logistics Manufacture Building Systems and construct building Monitor progress against Construction Programme Inspect Construction Quality Resolve Site Queries as required Undertake Commissioning of building Prepare Building Manual

Carry out Construction Phase Plan Comply with Planning Conditions related to construction

Building handed over, Aftercare initiated and Building Contract concluded

Building used, operated and maintained efficiently

Hand over building in line with Plan for Use Strategy

Implement Facilities Management and Asset Management

Undertake review of Project Performance Undertake seasonal Commissioning Rectify defects

The LETI design guide sets out the steps at each RIBA stage to create a building that has net zero carbon. By 2030 all new buildings must operate at net zero to meet the climate c h a n g e t a rg e t s . Climate change is one of the biggest threats to our generation and architect and designers (as well as the whole industry) have an obligation to rebuff against climate change t h r o u g h t h e i r p r a c t i c e.

Undertake Post Occupancy Evaluation of building performance in use Verify Project Outcomes including Sustainability Outcomes

Complete initial Aftercare tasks including light touch Post Occupancy Evaluation

Comply with Planning Conditions as required

Final Specifications Residual Project Strategies

Building Manual including Health and Safety File and Fire Safety Information Practical Completion certificate including Defects List Asset Information

Feedback on Project Performance

Feedback from Post Occupancy Evaluation

Final Certificate

Updated Building Manual including Health and Safety File and Fire Safety Information as necessary

Feedback from light touch Post Occupancy Evaluation

STRATEGIC DEFINITION

PREPARATION AND BRIEFING

CONCEPT DESIGN

SPACIAL COORDINATION

TECHNICAL DESIGN

MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION

HANDOVER

USE

RELEVANT INFO ADAPTED FROM THE LETI DESIGN GUIDE ‘ACTIONS BY RIBA STAGES OF WORK’ OPERATIONAL CARBON, FUTURE OF HEAT, DEMAND RESPONSE AND DATA DISCLOSURE LETI IMPLICATIONS ON STAGE

Identify project team responsibilities to achieve operational energy use targets Identify a project team member who can advise on demand response.

U s i n g t h e s t e p s s e t o u t b y t h e L E T I g u i d e, a t e a c h s t a g e, o f t h e d e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n process, methods of reducing operational and embodied carbon will be used to move towards the net zero carbon goal.

Specifi c aspects to consider at this stage include:

Set clear intent for zero carbon targets and define what this includes, document boundaries and targets.

Building orientation Building form factor Facade glazing ratio Likely occupancy patterns and operating scenarios Facade glazing ratio Technical systems integration.

Set an energy use intensity target and embed within the brief

Clients aim is to make as environmentally friendly building as possible from the outset, using natural ventilation / shading methods, as well as passive rain water collection

LETI IMPLICATIONS ON STAGE

Discuss whole life carbon ambitions with client. Review opportunity for retention of existing structure and building fabric and how the quantum of materials of the new build can be reduced.

Testing and performance reviews of mockups will take place in order to optimise the materials used in the project to ensure its as highly performing as possible

Ensure that the risk of overheating has been assessed and mitigated

Confirm envelope specification and complete detail design, ensuring good continuity of insulation and airtightness. Ensure specified metering is incorporated. Include operational energy targets in the construction tender package

Client brief to be developed: it should incorporate embodied carbon reduction targets. Appoint a LCA specialist or design team member to be responsible for whole life carbon assessment

Use rules of thumb guidance during concept to maximise opportunities for low carbon design.

Include requirements and targets for whole life carbon in specifi cations and tender documentation at start of procurement

Analyse carbon reduction options for building elements using numerical analysis

Have discussions with the potential contractors and subcontractors around whole life carbon targets, asking for options for improvement and including carbon questions on tender return forms Optimise material specification

Where possible, ensure the appointment of a clerk of works is responsible for quality checks Update energy model to account for any changes in the design or assumptions behind it and reject substitutions and omissions if achieving performance targets may be compromised by the changes

Review final construction including rectifi cation work, for quality, including in-situ thermal performance tests, thermographic and air tightness testing Ensure the building user is trained and understands use of the building systems

Ensure the contractor understands the commissioning requirements.

For the fi rst year of occupation both the building and the targets should be tuned to actual building usage patterns Ensure hourly energy consumption trends match operating hours. Assign an annual budget for monitoring energy use and tuning controls in response. Aim for monthly review and quarterly ‘deep dive’ analysis

Finalise requirements and targets for whole life carbon in specifi cations and tender documentation at start of procurement. Finalise requirements with the potential contractors and subcontractors around whole life carbon targets, asking for options for improvement and including carbon questions on tender return forms.

Engage with contractors to reduce waste. Review alternative products and materials selections proposed by the contractor against technical and performance standards and against the whole life carbon requirements.

Undertake post completion analysis using as-built information to assess upfront embodied carbon

Recommendations regarding embodied carbon reduction strategy over the in-use stage should be followed throughout the building life cycle including at the end of life stage

cont.

(Climate Emergency Design Guide, 2022)

Architects core tasks outlined by the RIBA Plan of work 2020 (adapted)

Guidelines for the design team to follow to move towards net zero carbon FIGURE .59

FIGURE .59

SECTION 1C

Ensure proposed construction details are robust to support low energy and airtightness performance characteristics

Update building energy model with latest design amendments, and ensure that operational energy targets are still being achieved.

EMBODIED CARBON - FOR THE DESIGNER

Care will be taken at every stage in order to specify the highest performing material to achieve carbon zero goals. Ensuring the contractor does not deviate from the spec

Building Regulations Application

Test proposed design changes using the energy model.

Implement the most significant carbon/energy reduction measures in design including demand response and energy storage opportunities.

Information Requirements

(RIBA Plan of Work, 2020)

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

Comply with Planning Conditions as required

Prepare Construction Phase Plan

Project Brief Derogations

Project Brief

Manufacturing, construction and Commissioning completed

Architects Role LETI

L E T I R I B A S TAG E S G U I D E

DELIVERY

058

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DELIVERY

059

TIME

3.05 PROCUREMENT TYPICAL ROUTES OF PROCUREMENT

S E L E C T I N G T H E A P P R O P R I AT E CONTRACT TYPE

MANAGEMENT CONTRACTING Procurement is the process of purchasing goods or services. There are many routes in which the design and construction of a building can be procured. The main considerations when selecting an appropriate procurement are:

TIME

A management contract is one where works are completed using separate works or trade contracts where there is a main contractor is responsible for managing the project.

When design and build is appropriate:

The manager can be brought onto the team early on to inform decisions, on build-ability and programming, speeding up the construction process.

Time Cost Quality Only two can be a priority when delivering a p r o j e c t , o n e w i l l a l w a y s b e o f f l e s s i m p o r t a n c e, but not totally disregarded.

Q UA L I T Y

Where the client wishes to reduce risk - no responsibility for design

Time sensitive proposal

Client pressure for cost conscious design with tax payers money

DESIGN AND BUILD

Q UA L I T Y

Design and build is a procurement route in which the main contractor is given more authority to make design and construction d e c i s i o n s o n s i t e, s p e e d i n g u p t h e p r o c e s s . Many of these project types work on a fixed fee basis, which could lead to contractors cutting corners or rushing to stay on budget and maximise their profit.

The procurement method has a direct impact on the cost of a project, the time taken to complete the project, and also the overall quality of the building, in terms of finish, details, junctions, fabric of the building etc. Stages of construction can be split up into different contract types depending on the differing needs for stages of a project.

C O ST DESIGN AND BUILD

A D VA N TA G E S - Single point of responsibility for design and construction

Complexity of the scheme

- Option for commencement on site early in the process - Early understanding of price of project

Q UA L I T Y

- Experienced contractors knowledge implemented during design process

C O ST TIME

D I S A D VA N TA G E S

(DESIGN-BID-BUILD) Tr a d i t i o n a l c o n t r a c t i n g i s t h e m o s t c o m m o n procurement method. It involves the design team creating a fully designed scheme which is then tendered to contractors as they bid to win the project. The contractor would have no responsibility to make design decisions other than temporary works.

(Procurement route, 2022)

Q UA L I T Y SECTION 1C

Sensitive Site

A contractor with previous experience working on sites in conservations areas may be considered

Aesthetically interesting and well designed building

A full set of detailed plans will be worked up alongside the scheme development to inform the builder - making the contract slightly different to the conventional D&B

- Allows for design / construction overlap reducing delivery time

TRADITIONAL CONTRACT

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When the project is time precious - and an early start on site is essential.

Where the cost of the project is important to the client, and knowing the potential cost of the finished scheme

TIME

Management Contracting Design and Build Tr a d i t i o n a l P r o c u r e m e n t

Fa c t o r s a f f e c t i n g m y p r o p o s e d procurement route:

When a project is technically complex and would benefit from the contractors expertise

C O ST

The three main procurement types are:

DESIGN AND BUILD

PROCUREMENT

- Va r i a t i o n s f r o m t h e o r i g i n a l b r i e f c a n b e difficult to arrange and cost money

IN AN IDEAL WORLD

- The ease of fabrication may be prioritised over aesthetic quality of an element

Many elements will be pre fabricated with the intention of preserving the craftsmanship and high quality of elements

- Contractor may exploit a specification that is open to interpretation

C O ST DELIVERY

060

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DELIVERY

061

P R E FA B R I C AT I O N

PROCUREMENT Viewing the clients main programme drivers and aspirations for the project, a design and build p r o c u r e m e n t t y p e w o u l d b e t h e m o s t s u i t a b l e, as time and cost pressures are great in this project.

PROGRAMME

FA C T O R S E F F E C T I N G P R O G R A M M E There are many potential risks that arise throughout the construction process. Care and precaution must be taken in the design and planning stage in order to prevent issues later in the construction process, and to minimise any potential risks to the project.

Due to the lightweight structure of the proposal, many of the elements of the structure and envelope will be pre fabricated in a factory to reduce costs, and have accurate knowledge of how fast these members can be constructed. This will also allow for the phasing of construction - whilst elements a r e b e i n g f a b r i c a t e d i n t h e f a c t o r y, o n s i t e works can begin, such as clearing the site and foundational works.

CLIENT AMBITIONS

Another positive is that there can also be a f o c u s o n q u a l i t y o f t h e e l e m e n t s b e i n g m a d e. Including the finish, strength and quality of any welding work, and the craftsmanship needed for some of the intricate bends of the members. The factory fabrication will allow for 1:1 mockups to be constructed, so details can be w o r k e d o u t b e f o r e b e i n g t a k e n o n s i t e.

A D VA N TA G E S

Risk: The project being delayed beyond the proposed completion date

Risk: Delays in structural engineers scheme being designed

The project is exceptionally time precious for the client, as they wish to get the scheme p r o d u c i n g f o o d a s q u i c k l y a s p o s s i b l e.

The complex structural design may take a long time to design with many revisions and consultation with the structural engineers

Mitigation: The design and build contract is set up to allow for contractor decisions to speed up the process, not waiting for the architects instruction to make decisions. Making elements in the workshop allows for a good time estimate of the fabrication of the elements, which can be produced whilst he foundations are being prepared.

Mitigation: Working closely with the structural engineer from the outset of the project

- 1:1 mockups can be produced to test designs FIGURE .60

- Quality can be closely monitored

Risk: The client may instruct variations on the works

- Accurate time and cost figures can be estimated

Va r i a t i o n s c a n c a u s e t i m e d e l a y s a s w o r k s may become more complex or have to change elements which are already constructed

- Elements can be produced whilst other works are happening on site - Once completed erection of the elements will be very quick

Mitigation: Creating a detailed and clear set of drawing to work from which can be signed for by the clients, to minimise the need for any variations from the drawing package

D I S A D VA N TA G E S

R i s k : Fa i l u r e o f t h e c o n s u l t a n t t e a m t o provide information

- Complex designs may require many iterations of testing - Quality control may become slack without the architects input

Communication failure can lead to duplication of work, or delay works as parties are waiting for information to inform their own

- Transporting the elements to site may be problematic depending on size of them

Mitigation: A clear hierarchy of information distribution must be in place for the fast and accurate distribution of drawings and information

- If any part is wrong then it will not fit once it gets to site and will have to be re made FIGURE .61

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SECTION 1C

DELIVERY

FIGURE .62

C O N ST R U C T I O N I S S U E S

Risk: Delays in the planning process due to the cultural and historic value of the site location Issues could arise in the application as specialists are consulted and bring up objections. There may also be objections from local residents which will halt the process. Mitigation: Consulting planning, conservation and heritage officers from the start of the process will guide the planning process, eliminating the time needed to consult them l a t e r d o w n t h e p r o c e s s t i m e l i n e. Risk: Inadequate planning / Unrealistic project schedule; The client may not have construction knowledge of the process and attempt to create an unrealistic timeline or completion d a t e.

DESIGN

C O ST

R i s k : Va r i a t i o n s t o t h e d e s i g n ;

Risk: Change in market prices;

Due to pressures from the clients may cause major delays in construction, making costs overrun and delivery time delayed.

Materials, exchange rates, inflation, interest rates and labour costs are constantly fluctuating and may effect the project cost.

Mitigation: Ensure the design is signed off by all parties involved, coupled with accurate and detailed construction drawings.

Mitigation: A detailed cost plan will be produced for the clients in order to remain on budget. The sources of funding demand the c o s t t o p r e m a i n a s l o w a s p o s s i b l e . Fo l l o w i n g the cost plan and pre fabricating elements should keep the project on budget. Elements pre fabricated in a workshop allow for control and better predictability of cost and time.

Risk: Complexity of design; Complex designs regarding logistics, form, s c a l e, o r o rg a n i s i n g t r a d e s o n s i t e d u e t o t i m e pressures. Mitigation: Appointment of the main contractor will ensure a single point of management to delegate tasks and manage t h e p r o g r a m m e o f t h e s c h e m e. R i s k : Te s t i n g o f d e s i g n New complex technologies may take time to t e s t b e f o r e b e i n g d e p l o y e d o n s i t e. Mitigation: Structures and technologies can be tested off site in order to save time once o n s i t e. Te s t i n g c a n b e p h a s e d w i t h o t h e r e l e m e n t s o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n t o s a v e t i m e, such as layering trades to a strict timeline

Risk: Issues with the quality of the fabricated elements; Pre-fabricated items made off site may not meed the standards of quality which the design team are demanding. Meaning they will have to re manufactured, costing money and taking up a lot of time. Mitigation: Regular visits to the pre fabrication workshop to assess the works and check the quality of works, in terms of build q u a l i t y, f i n i s h , a n d s t r u c t u r a l i n t e g r i t y. B e f o r e a f a b r i c a t o r i s s e l e c t e d , 1 : 1 m o c k- u p s may be requested in order to assess the skills o f t h e f a b r i c a t o r.

Mitigation: The design team will work closely with the clients and main contractor in order to create a strong and solid brief in which to f o l l o w.

FIGURE .63

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DELIVERY

063

B U I L DA B I L I T Y

BESPOKE ITEMS

Due to the time and cost restrictions of the project, much of the lightweight steel frame w i l l b e m a d e i n a w o r k s h o p, o f f s i t e. T h i s allows for a greater control of the bespoke e l e m e n t s , a n d f a s t e r a s s e m b l y t i m e. I n t e r m s o f b u i l d a b i l i t y, t h e p r o c e s s o f e r e c t i n g t h e m a i n structure would be relatively straight forward. Elements can be slotted into place and bolted t o g e t h e r q u i c k l y b y t h e m a i n c o n t r a c t o r, a s long as suitable drawings and instruction is provided.

P R E C E D E N T O F Q UA L I T Y

The bespoke elements of the building may cause time delays, however it will be possible to develop the elements easily through testing i n w o r k s h o p, t h e n o n c e t h i s i s d e v e l o p e d , j i g s and small automations can be made to the repeatable processes in order to speed up the time taken to create the elements. Giving an accurate estimate of time taken to create each element, the time taken to make all elements can be accurately estimated.

Many examples exist of this process, such as t h e C e n t r e Po m p i d o u , b y R i c h a r d R o g e r s a n d R e n z o P i a n o, d e s p i t e b e i n g d i f f e r e n t s c a l e p r o j e c t s , t h e p r i n c i p l e s a r e s i m i l a r. T h e m a i n structural elements can be manufactured o f f s i t e, a s e l e m e n t s n e e d t o b e t e s t e d a n d developed, then transported and craned onto s i t e. T h e m i l l e n n i u m d o m e b e i n g a n o t h e r example of a time precious example of this system, being able to be quickly deployed and c o n s t r u c t e d w h e n o n s i t e. M i n i m i s i n g r i s k a n d the possibility of error when the structure gets t o s i t e.

BUILD QUALITY

CRAFT

The way the elements are fabricated will demand a high level of attention to detail to ensure the structural integrity of the elements is not compromised at any point. Special attention being taken when welding and the intricate bends demanded on the elements. Testing and prototyping will ensure that there are no folds in the metal tube when bending, and no dents or defects in the material.

Many of the elements designed for the building will utilise humble and cheap materials, the way these materials are manipulated and joined will created the crafted elements of the building. By sourcing and using highly skilled metal fabricators, highly crafted and beautiful elements will be possible, showing off the potential of these humble materials.

All connections and welds must be checked in order to ensure there is no failure points within these as to lead to a structural failure.

Carefully considered resolutions will be designed for intricate junctions, in order to ensure maximum air tightness, and site specific locations to issues that may occur.

FIGURE .65

A D VA N TA G E S - Pre fab elements simple to construct for the contractor with accurate details and instruction - Speed of construction once the elements a r e o n s i t e.

During a design and build contract where the architect has specified designs, the contractor may try to gain some profit by using cheaper fixings such as nuts and bolts, so care must be taken in the specification to specify the suitable peripheral items.

FIGURE .66

- Elements can be fabricated whilst foundations are being prepared

Great care will be taken in the design phase of the project, through to the construction phase. Making sure to specify datum lines and aligning elements to give an aesthetically pleasing finish. To show that care has been taken right the way through the design and construction process.

- Modular elements allow for maintenance / replaceable elements when needed

Care must be taken to create a plan for the d e l i v e r y o f t h e s e e l e m e n t s t o s i t e. T h e g r e a t e s t risk will arise if there is delivery issues relating to traffic orders or needing roads to be closed for oversized loads etc. Throughout the design p h a s e, a l l e l e m e n t s w i l l b e d e s i g n e d t o f i t o n t o a t y p i c a l f l a t b e d t r u c k s i z e, s o t h e r e w i l l b e n o need to close roads or need escorts etc. The elements will then likely need to be craned i n t o t h e s i t e, s o a p p r o p r i a t e d o c u m e n t a t i o n and authorisation will be needed for this, as a r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e m a i n c o n t r a c t o r.

FINISH

FIGURE .68

When selecting materials, the highest standard and quality of materials will be considered against the choices. This is to ensure both the most sustainable, high performing, and long lasting elements can be specified, in order to hit the net zero carbon goals for the building.

D I S A D VA N TA G E S - Elements will need to be transported and s t o r e d o n s i t e, e n s u r i n g t h e s a f e t y a n d protection of them on site will be paramount - E l e m e n t s w i l l n e e d t o b e c r a n e d i n t o p l a c e, appropriate granting will need to be gained to allow for this - Mistakes in manufacturing may not be realised until on site assembly is required - Contractor may try to use cheaper fixings / fasteners in order to boost their profit. FIGURE .64 FIGURE .67

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DELIVERY

064

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FIGURE .69

SECTION 1C

DELIVERY

065

SECTION 2.0

2 . 1 M AT E R I A L I T Y

BUILDING PERFORMANCE M AT E R I A L I T Y, S T R U C T U R E & C O N S T R U C T I O N

M AT E R I A L I T Y STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION BUILDING PERFORMANCE

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

2 . 1 M AT E R I A L I T Y CONCEPT

2 . 1 2 M AT E R I A L C H O I C E S

S P E E D O F C O N S T R U C T I O N + S I T E S P E CIFICITY

A E S T H E T I C A L LY P L E A S I N G S C U L P T U R A L ELEMENTS + FUNCTIONALITY

Drawing inspiration from technologies of WW2, informed from the sites historical context, the main structural material, steel, will form a structural base for the building to reside within. Elements are produced off site and easily deployed on site by a team of specialists. The modular components allow for a quickly deployable solution to an issue presented.

The prefabricated elements will combine functionality with workmanship to created visually stunning, curved tube steel trusses suspended overhead. Drawing inspiration from the early radar of WW2 to produce bespoke and purposeful elements of design. Celebrating the buildings bones rather than hiding it.

FIGURE .74

W W 2 B A I L EY B R I D G E

The 3D printed elements will provide site specific solutions to the building, when it is deployed across the country to combat the food crisis. Creating a frame of struct u r e s e t s o u t t h e s i t e b o u n d a r y, t h e n w h a t is printed within this space can be infinitely customised. Providing interesting site specificity to a deployable building , resisting the typical white tents associated with m o m e n t s o f ‘c r i s i s ’.

FIGURE .71

SECTION 2

The bioplastic is a recycled plastic made into a filament which can be fed into the printing head. Printing can happen 24/7 under supervision, until construction is c o m p l e t e. O n c e t h e b u i l d i n g s l i f e c o m e s to an end, the 3D printed elements can be recycled again into filament for another building project.

D W AY N E OY L E R S C U L P T U R A L STEEL

FIGURE .72

MATERIALITY

3 D P R I N T E D B I O P L A ST I C

3D printed bioplastic was chosen as a means of providing site specific solutions to whatever implications a chosen site presents, as well as allowing for a relativity fast time of construction, as well as scalability and expandability of the s c h e m e.

To m a x i m i s e l i g h t w i t h i n t h e s p a c e t h e structural elements will remain slender and e l e g a n t , i n t h e N o r t h / S o u t h p l a n e , i n o rder to minimise shadows within the growing space. Using reflectors and the slender steel elements orchestrates a constant supply of natural light within the building. The hollow steel sections will be bent and welded to form beautiful forms from a relativity humble material.

COVID-19 POP UP CENTRES

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

WW2 RADAR

FIGURE .70

FIGURE .73

‘House of DUS’ will be brought into the design team at an early stage to act as consultants regarding the 3D printed buildings. There pioneers within the 3D printed architecture field.

FIGURE .75

FIGURE .76

R O U N D H O L LOW ST E E L S E C T I O N S

E T F E P I L LOW S

Hollow steel sections were selected for the main structure of the building due to t h e i r g r e a t s t r e n g t h a n d l i g h t w e i g h t n a t u r e. It is highly workable and will allow for the elegant curved forms desired for the s c u l p t u r a l t r u s s e s w i t h i n t h e s p a c e.

ETFE was chosen for the facade material due to its ability to achieve up to 95% light transmission, a key element needed for the g r o w i n g s p a c e. T h e m a t e r i a l i s a l s o 1 % t h e weigh of glass, meaning the foundations and structural sup[ports can be reduced, and slimmed down, reducing the negative e f f e c t s o n t h e s i t e.

The steel selected for the project will be f r o m B r i t i s h f o u n d r y ’s i n o r d e r t o r e d u c e the materials embodied carbon as much as p o s s i b l e, f a v o u r i n g r e c y c l e d s t e e l f o r t h e post life good of the building. The fabrication and powder coating of elements will be carried out under o n e r o o f, r e d u c i n g c a r b o n e m i s s i o n s transporting the elements from workshop t o w o r k s h o p.

The specific cushions used within this building are dynamic and controlled by a n a r d u i n o, w h i c h g a t h e r s t e m p e r a t u r e information within the building. The cushions can expand and contract to control the amount of sunlight entering the building, and in turn the temperature of the s p a c e, t o p r o t e c t t h e p l a n t s .

FIGURE .77

P O LYC A R B O N AT E S H E E T I N G

Po l y c a r b o n a t e w i l l b e u s e d i n a r e a s which require light transmission, but not the protection of the ETFE cushions. It provides a cost effect, and lightweight (compared to glass) glazing. The polycarbonate will achieve a high u value of 1.2 W/Sqm, creating a good level of insulation whilst maximising light transmission. Standard sheet sizes allow for modular systems to be created with the structural elements, therefore the polycarbonate can simply be inserted into the frames. Reducing time and waste from cutting sheets down to fit.

(DUS, 2022)

068

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SECTION 2

MATERIALITY

069

2 . 1 3 M AT E R I A L Q UA L I T I E S

3 D P R I N T E D B I O P L A ST I C

T Y P I C A L 3 D P R I N T E D WA L L FIGURE .78

3 D P R I N T E D B I O P L A ST I C Lightweight and recyclable, the bioplastic offers a solution which is much more environmentally friendlily than standard construction methods. The nature of 3D printing allows for elegant site specific solutions to the scheme which w i l l b e r o l l e d o u t a c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y. D u e t o i t s v e r s a t i l i t y, r e c y c l a b i l i t y a n d fast means of construction, 3D printed bioplastic will form a majority of the schemes walls.

FIGURE .79

FIGURE .80

R O U N D H O L LOW ST E E L S E C T I O N S The nature of the slender columns and trusses lends itself to being fabricated out of steel, it would be hard to recreate its properties in any other material, as steel works so well in tension. As a widely available material it would be possible to have the members fabricated in a site specific workshop to reduce carbon emissions.

E T F E P I L LOW S E T F E ’s l i g h t w e i g h t n a t u r e a n d h i g h l i g h t transmission make it perfect for this project. Structural elements can be slender and foundations reduced as there is a lighter load to support in comparison to glass.

FIGURE .81

P O LYC A R B O N AT E S H E E T I N G L i g h t w e i g h t a n d c o s t e f f e c t i v e, t h e polycarbonate sheets create a translucent, insulated envelope. Providing a cheaper and lighter equivalent to glazing.

Although they require a constant air flow t o e n s u r e s t r u c t u r a l i n t e g r i t y, t h e p o w e r r e q u i r e d f o r t h i s i s v e r y l o w.

3D PRINTER NOZZLE

The pillows are extremely durable and do not require cleaning.

Te l e s c o p i c p r i n t h e a d ;

FIGURE .8

The 3d printed is installed onto the structural frame and used to print the main envelope for the enclosed parts of the building. Then steel m e m b e r s a r e t h r e a d e d i n t o t h e s c h e m e. D u e t o the nature of not being able to print any supported elements, things like lintels and window heads would need to be made from steel and inserted.

In the event of a fire the ETFE will fail and shrink away from the frame, allowing smoke to escape the building. The material will not propogate flames nor produce toxic fumes when burning.

I N S I T U 3 D P R I N T E D WA L L S

The filament can be printed at a rate of 2 cubic m e t r e s p e r h o u r, a n d p r i n t e d w i t h a r e i n f o r c i n g lattice within the walls, and a solid break capping every 1000mm up the wall.

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MATERIALITY

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MATERIALITY

071

2 . 1 4 L I F E C YC L E S O F M AT E R I A L S Intended lifespan of building - 5-10 y e a r s , i n i t i a l l y. T h i s i s i n r e s p o n s e t o the impending food crisis. The building seeks to be erected quickly to mitigate t h e f o o d s h o r t a g e. T h i s p a r t i c u l a r b u i l d i n g i s a l s o a p r o t o t y p e ‘p i l o t s c h e m e’ for a broader scheme across the count r y, s o h a s a s h o r t e r l i f e s p a n t h a n t h e other intended buildings.

2 . 1 5 M AT E R I A L A P P L I C AT I O N Uses and applications of materials within the 3D printed private area of the building.

The building has the adaptability to remain in use if the council require it. However the scheme would seek to be deconstructed once they have established the allotment system - that can then sustain itself without the provision from the building.

ETFE Panels forming retractable roof for rainwater collection Manual pulley system to open and close retractable roof; galvanised steel cables and block pulely system Blackened steel fixing plate to truss / column junction Blackened steel hollow tube sections forming lightweight columns Pantone ‘Cool Gray’ pigmented bioplastic sculptural gutter system - 3D printed on site Glazing panels forming roof envelope - with tinted solar control film to mitigate overheating within the interior Extruded aluminium profiles forming glazing frames (see detail) Pantone ‘Cool Gray’ pigmented bioplastic window reveal printed on site and lifted into place Black 3D printed bioplastic water storage tanks - forming a series of overflows and storage for rainwater collection Black 3D printed bioplastic walls forming main strcuture of the building Blackened steel external glazing support system with polycarbonate glazing panels FIGURE .78

3 D P R I N T E D B I O P L A ST I C

FIGURE .79

R O U N D H O L LOW ST E E L S E C T I O N S

E T F E P I L LOW S

FIGURE .80

FIGURE .81

P O LYC A R B O N AT E S H E E T I N G

Lifespan - 50 years

Lifespan - 70+ years

Lifespan - 100 years

Lifespan - 30+ years

The bioplastic used for the 3D printed elements is made from recycled plastic, and bale to be recycled into filament again once the building has been decommissioned. Reducing its impact on the climate as there is no waste left behind, nor harsh materials which require industrious p r o c e s s t o r e c y c l e.

The scheme will use steel manufactured in the UK to ensure as few travel miles as possible for the materials. Once the building is decommissioned the steel can be unbolted due to its mechanical fixings and either recycled or re-purposed for nearby projects.

ETFE can last for many years exposed to the elements with no discolouration or failures to the system, as it is unaffected by UV light. The o l d e s t p r o d u c t i s u s e i s 3 8 y e a r s o l d b u t e xpected to last up to 100 years. Not needing to reproduce material helps to reduce the buildings embodied carbon, but the ETFE pillows are 100% recyclable should they reach the end of t h e i r u s e.

The polycarbonate sheeting can be recycled o n c e i t h a s r e a c h e d t h e e n d o f i t s l i f e. I t i s cleaned and shredded and turned into new sheeting to be used again.

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

MATERIALITY

Perforated galvanized steel mesh floor finish - thermally broken and insulated with 100mm EcoTherm PIR rigid insulation under enclosed building areas 3D printed suspended floor supports with steel members inserted for additional support

072

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

MATERIALITY

073

M AT E R I A L A P P L I C AT I O N

Exploded axonometric of materials Greenhouse

Uses and applications of materials within the g r e e n h o u s e g r o w i n g s p a c e.

Galvanised steel roof cross bracing and steel C section suspending retractable roof system

ETFE panels forming rainwater collection channels - one side larger than the other to form pitch channelling water into sculptural gutter Roof openable in two halves to harvest rainwater as well as provide solar shading when necessary Galvanised steel pipe sections used as cross bracing Steel hollow section runner for retractable roof panels Steel PFC to accept roof structure with roof hanging off structure 40mm translucent polycarbonate sheet fixed to steel truss see drawing for mullion detail Blackened steel vents thermally broken operated autonomously via heat sensors within the building Horizontal bracing - hollow steel sections fixed to main structure ETFE Pillows - air controlled expansion and contracting allows for control of light / heat transfer Aluminium section mullion enclosing ETFE pillows Perforated steel floor finish 3D printed suspended floor supports - printed in situ Aluminium section transom enclosing ETFE pillows

3D printed bioplastic ramp to internal FFL - printed with grooves to aid drainage and prevent slipping 1. ETFE pillows forming main facade of growing space 2. Steel secondary structure 3. Galvanized steel floor finish 4. 3d printed ramp up to FFL 5. Low level ventilation grille 6. Secondary strucutre ground beams 7. ETFE panels used to harvest rainwater on retractable roof 8. 35mm polycarbonate sheeting forming roof 9. Angled steel sun shader 10. Perforated steel floor finish 11. Galvanized steel subfloor 12. 100mm rigid insulation

Steel trusses forming suspended floor - fixed to foundation ground beam Air supply to each pillow to inflate / deflate (see detail 5) Raft foundation to main structural elements supoprting the building

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

MATERIALITY

074

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

ETFE PILLOW FACADE

SECTION 2

HORIZONTAL GALVANIZED STEEL MEMBERS

ROUND BLACKENED STEEL SECTIONS FORMING MAIN STRUCTURE

MATERIALITY

SUSPENDED FLOOR HUNG ON FOUNDATION GROUND BEAM

SUSPENDED FLOOR BUILDUP; STEEL SUPPORTING MEMBERS, 100MM ECO THERM PIR BOARD RIGID INSULATION, GALVANISED STEEL SUBFLOOR AND PERFORATED STEEL FLOOR FINISH

075

M AT E R I A L A P P L I C AT I O N ST R U C T U R A L SYST E M 0 2

M AT E R I A L A P P L I C AT I O N

Exploded axonometric of materials Private zone

Extruded aluminium profiles forming glazing frames (see detail 6) Glazing panels forming roof envelope - with tinted solar control film to mitigate overheating within the interior 3D printed bioplastic window head capping 3D printed bioplastic sill mounted on invisible cladding rails

Powder coated hollow steel sections welded together to form self supporting glazing system Horizontal galvanized steel bracing rod fixed after installation of the panels

3D printed bioplastic structure - printed in situ in sections and capped with solid sections

1. Powder coated steel tube section glazing holders with tensioned stainless steel restraint cables 2. Horizontal steel section with fixing plates to provide lateral restraint 3. Stainless steel vertical column shoe through bolted and chem fixed to foundation 4. 3D printed bioplastic window reveal. Printed on site and lifted into place 5. Thermally broken powder coated steel glazing holder supported by external structural frame 6. Aluminium frame and triple glazed coated glass pane 7. Fixing plate to attach glazing to 3D printed main structure 8. Passive ventilation meshes consisting of a steel frame and perforated mesh 9. Low level telescopic vent to vent cavity under floor created by suspended floor 10. 3D printed sill mounted on cladding rails 11. Shallow reinforced concrete pads forming foundations 12. 3D printed bioplastic, forming the main structural elements of the architecture, printed in situ 13. Steel PFC bearing the floor build-up. Through bolted to main structural 3D print 14. High level RSJ forming window head and supporting roof structure and glazing system 15. 3D printed bioplastic lintel capping 16. Steel PFC bearing roof system with pitch to centre to channel rainwater 17. Internal steel downpipe 18. Cast aluminium clips fixed to 3D printed wall 19. Extruded aluminium glazing frames, constructed with pitch to channel water to internal gutter and drain 20. 12.5mm patent glazing system with continuous pressure capping to prevent water penetration 21. Perforated galvanised steel floor finish 22. Steel sub floor 23. 50mm Eco Therm rigid PIR board insulation 24. Main structural steel members with welded steel cross bracing

Passive ventilation system with perforated blackened steel mesh to exterior 35mm translucent polycarbonate sheetsections Blackened steel glazing frame formed used steel angle sections Galvanized stel tension cables cross bracing glazing frames

Folded steel section forming sill Steel telescopic vent - venting void created by suspended Steel ground beam Perforated steel floor finish 50mm EcoTherm rigid PIR insulation board Steel RSJ forming suspended floor - fixed to 3D print using PFC steel channel

25. Perforated steel mesh ceiling finish

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

MATERIALITY

076

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

MATERIALITY

077

3 . 1 FO U N DAT I O N S The footings for the building are located at the base of the main structural elements of the scheme - the truss and column bases. These are the only locations of excavation, remaining relativity light touch on the site. These are then linked together will steel ground beams bolted to the steel shoes cast and fixed into foundations. (1) There is then supplementary foundation pads across the scheme on the single storey light elements, bearing less weight. (2) The foundation build up is comprised of a reinforced concrete footing which is 1.2m deep, the threaded rod in cast into the footing when poured to accept the steel shoe, forming the main foundation pad in order to transfer the dead, live and wind loads into the ground. Care must be taken when digging the holes for the foundations in order to not damage any surround tree roots, and measured and set out accurately, in order to minimise error when the prefabricated columns are to be installed. Should there be error in setting out this could cause time delays, and increase costs as footings need to be dug out and re-cast.

3 . 0 ST R U C T U R A L ST R AT E GY

Ground beams between foundation pads

T Y P I C A L FO U N DAT I O N GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

079

3 . 2 ST R U C T U R A L SYST E M 0 1

The building is comprised from two main structural systems. The first, being a system made up from sculptural trusses and columns. Designed to cast the least amount of shadows in the scheme as possible. The main structural trusses and columns are then interconnected with a series of secondary structure to resist lateral and shear forces.

P R I M A RY ST R U C T U R E

S E C O N DA RY ST R U C T U R E

Primary structural elements include the prefabricated trusses and columns erected onto the foundation pads and shoes. Then ground beams are installed to provide lateral bracing.

The secondary structural elements provide further resistance to buckling under the weight of the live and dead loads. Tensioned cross bracing members prevent swaying in the structural frame from imposed wind loads.

The basic strategy for this structure type is basic pitched truss and column, crafted beautifully and elegantly using slender elements. the elements will be connected with hinge and pin connections to ensure structural stability. The live loads on the building will be relativity great, ad soil and plant vertical farm are suspended from the ceiling truss system. The columns are created with an integrated brace to further support the truss.

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

080

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

081

FO R C E S A F F E C T I N G T H E B U I L D I N G The structural scheme seeks to transfer all imposed loads down the columns and into the ground, providing stability. Due to the relatively tall structure, the structure needs to withstand imposed wind loads from prevailing South Westerly winds. There is some shielding from nearby trees which will significantly reduce this load.

R A I N A N D S N OW LOA D

FO R C E S A F F E C T I N G T H E B U I L D I N G The loads will be transferred through the trusses and columns into the ground through the steel foundation shoes, into the reinforced concrete foundation and then into the ground.

COMPRESSION TENSION

The dead load of the structure will remain minimized due tot he slender components which it makes up, as well as the lightweight polycarbonate sheeting used on the roof. Drastically lighter than an equivalent size in glass.

The dead loads within the structure will be relativity great, due to the suspended vertical farms, soil and water will be a heavy dead load imposed on the structure. To counter against this, struts are deployed in the truss to reinforce it. The suspended elements are then strategically placed on the strongest points of the truss, where the structure nodes out.

The truss is different to a conventional pitched roof, it lacks the centre meeting point of a normal pitched roof. This is partly aesthetic and partly to form a valley gutter to collect rainwater. The inclusion of this design feature means the roof lacks an apex which usually provides the strength of the truss. To remedy this lack of structure, the truss mirrors the missing part to the underside of the web. This supports the truss in the centre, which is the weakest and most unsupported areas.

Whilst it may be rare for snowfall to occur on site, it is important that the structure can withstand the potential weight of snow.

WIND UPLIFT

D E A D LOA D ( ST R U C T U R E )

N E G AT I V E WIND PRESSURE

W I N D LOA D S D E A D LOA D (SUSPENDED)

SOIL PRESSURE

SOIL UPLIFT PRESSURE GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

082

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

083

ST R U C T U R A L SYST E M 0 2

3 . 3 ST R U C T U R A L SYST E M 0 2

Structural system 2 utilises the 3D printed elements to create the envelope of the building. To provide structural stability to the 3D prints, steel beams and sections are inserted once printing has finished. This is to ensure the structural stability of the scheme, particularly in areas where there is a two storey element.

P R I M A RY ST R U C T U R E

4 9 6

2 3

The secondary structure is comprised of the glazing frame system, creating a self supporting facade. With the horizontal bracing, racking and buckling forces are mitigated, stiffening the entire frame, and locking it together.

Steel PFC’s are fixed back to the 3D printed wall structures with steel columns underneath, in order to bear the weight of the floorplate and any live load imposed on the floor.

The primary structure of the 3D printed system is the steel members inserted after printing. The 3D prints provide a level of support in compression, however not strong enough in tension to support the structure. The inserted steel will support the main weight of this structure.

Due to the nature of 3D printing, it is not possible to print unsupported sections, such as lintels or window heads. So these elements are inserted in steel once printing is complete.

Externally, the frames supporting the glazing are fixed back to the 3D printed walls and hung in place. The protruding structural members provide resistance to wind loads imposed on the facade.

Interior 10

Exterior

TYPICAL WINDOW HEAD DETAIL 1:10 @ A3

3 D P R I N T E D E N V E LO P E

S E C O N DA RY ST R U C T U R E

1. 3D printed bioplastic sill 2. Aluminium rails used to mount sill 3. Steel RSJ window head - bearing weight of roof structure 4. Aluminium coping section capping wall 5. Steel section bearing roof structure 6. Aluminium extrusion mounting system for roof mullions - thermally broken 7. Insulation to cold aluminium section to thermally break cold metal 8. Aluminium extrusion 9 . 35mm twinwall polycarbonate roof glazing 10. 3D printed wall 11. Hollow steel sections forming glazing supports 12. 35mm twinwall polycarbonate forming glazing to facade

FRAGMENT LOCATION

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

084

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

085

4 . 0 C O N ST R U C T I O N 4 . 1 C O N C E P T UA L ST R AT E GY

4 . 0 C O N ST R U C T I O N

P R E - FA B R I C AT I O N

SPEED OF CONSTRUCTION

The Bailey Bridges of WW2 as previously mentioned were a set of structural members assembled by a team in order to bridge rivers and valleys where destroyed b r i d g e s a r e. T h e c o n c e p t o f t h i s s y s t e m has been adapted into the construction of the building. Using the basic principles of structural design in order to maximise strength and stability with simple forms.

At the start of WW2 the production of s h i p s , m a c h i n e r y, e t c n e e d e d t o b e v a s t l y increased in response to a crisis, this d e m a n d e d l a rg e s p a c e s s u c h a s a i r c r a f t hangers be constructed quickly to keep up with the demand of production. Ta k i n g t h e s e p r i n c i p l e s i n t o t h e s c h e m e and implementing them allows for a s i m i l a r t y p e o f f a s t r e s p o n s e, d e p l o y a b l e a r c h i t e c t u r e. E x p l o i t i n g b a s i c s t r u c t u r a l principles to manufacture vast open spaces.

Elements constructed off site which are able to be taken to any site and installed e a s i l y b y a t e a m o f p e o p l e. I n t h e c a s e o f my scheme machines will be able to aid in t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a l s o.

W W 2 B A I L EY B R I D G E

FIGURE .83

WW2 SUBMARINE MAINTENANCE

FIGURE .85

W W 2 N AV Y B A S E

FIGURE .84

Simple column and truss structural systems in place to shelter the workplace of submarine and ship repairs. Elements f a b r i c a t e d o f f s i t e a n d i n s t a l l e d q u i c k l y. Also used to bear the weight of a lifting system and items hoisted up and moved a r o u n d t h e w o r k s p a c e. Pre-fab elements will make up the s t r u c t u r e, a n d 3 D p r i n t e d e l e m e n t s c r e a t i n g s i t e s p e c i f i c i t y, m e a n i n g t h e a r c h i t e c t u r e c a n r e s p o n d t o a n y s i t e q u i c k l y, a n d b e d e p l o y e d a c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y.

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

FIGURE .86

STRUCTURE

087

4 . 2 S E Q U E N C E O F C O N ST R U C T I O N Care must be taken when calibrating and setting up the 3D printer head in order to print the structure in the correct location to later accept the steel members. Due to its form and material nature, it is not necessary to temporarily prop the structure before the reinforcing steel is in.

The phasing of construction allows for parts of the process to happen s i m u l t a n e o u s l y, s u c h a s t h e t r u s s e s a n d columns being fabricated at the same tiem as the site is being cleared and foundations poured. There is a level of risk as the pre-fabricated and on site construction may be slightly out, so a degree of tolerance has been designed in with the design. It is of utmost important that the foundations are set out accurately to ensure ease off a s s e m b l y.

The steelwork will be craned in carefully to place and bolted together by a specialist steelwork team in order to ensure appropriate quality and time scale.

0 3 - C O LU M N A N D T R U S S F R A M E S

0 1 - FO U N DAT I O N S

02 - GROUND BEAMS

06 - 3D PRINTER NOZZLE AND RUNNERS

0 7 - WA L L S 3 D P R I N T E D

Fo o t i n g s e x c a v a t e d a n d r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e foundations poured on site to support building.

Steel ground beams bolted to foundation shoes with M20 bolts and nuts, thermal breaks to each connection.

3D printer head and rails installed to truss. Able to move in all axis, utilizing a telescopic print head to r e a c h a l l l e v e l s f r o m r o o f t o f l o o r.

Walls of envelope begin to be printed in situ. One person operating 3D printer and a small team aiding with other tasks such as preperation and clean-up

0 4 - F LO O R J O I ST I N STA L L AT I O N

0 5 - I N S U L AT I O N , S U B F LO O R A N D F I N I S H E D F LO O R

0 8 - WA L L S P R I N T E D TO F U L L H E I G H T

f l o o r p l a t e i n s t a l l e d - c o m p r i s e d o f 1 0 0 m m E c oT h e r m insulation, a metal subfloor and perforated steel floor finish

Walls printed to full height, with solid breaks every 1000mm. Opportunity to fill voids with insulation at this point in habitable spaces.

0 9 - G L A Z I N G F R A M E S A N D W I N D OW R E V E A L S I N STA L L E D

1 0 - R O O F, G L A Z I N G A N D E X T R A S U P P O RT S I N STA L L E D

Tr u s s a n d c o l u m n s a s s e m b l e d a t g r o u n d l e v e l a n d Subfloor structure assembled - a series of steel erected and bolted to foundations. Crane required for beams bolted to the steel webs. Supporting floor and l i f t i n g e l e m e n t s i n t o p l a c e. stiffening the whole structure. GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

088

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

Window reveals and steelwork installed at lintels and header locations. Glazing frames fixed to walls. The 3D printer is then t a k e n a w a y i n p r e p f o r t h e r o o f. STRUCTURE

Glazing and roof installed. Building sealed in and weather tight. Internal finishes take place to complete construction. The roof is installed and reinforced with cross members 089

4 . 3 C O N ST R U C T I O N T I M E L I N E PLANNING, CONTRACTS AND FINAL DRAWING CHECKS Design package finalised and signed off by all parties involved Contracts awarded to contractors and signed off by all relevant parties

SITE PREP AND GROUNDWORKS

4 . 4 H E A LT H A N D S A F E T Y C O N S I D E R AT I O N S BY C O N S T R U C T I O N S TA G E PRIMARY STRUCTURE

CLADDING / ENVELOPE INSTALLATION

FIRST FIX MEP

INSULATION & GLAZING

SECOND FIX MEP AND FINISHES

FINAL INSPECTION AND HANDOVER

Securing site - hoardings erected for public safety and security of materials Site clearance - where needed, and prepare soil sub base Excavation where needed for foundations, plumbing, drainage systems etc Pour foundation pads

0 1 - S I T E P R E P A N D G R O U N DWO R K S

0 2 - P R I M A RY ST R U C T U R E I N STA L L

0 3 - C L A D D I N G A N D E N V E LO P E

0 4 - F I R ST F I X M E P

- Every person on site must wear correct and appropriate PPE; Hard hat, eye protection, high v i s j a c k e t , g l o v e s a n d s t e e l t o e f o o t w e a r. ( A L L STAG E S )

- Appropriate strategy for lifting structural elements must be in place to reduce personal injury through lifting strain.

- As the buildings height increases there must be suitable protection against falling in place for the construction workers. Such as fall arrest systems and netting .

- When lifting glazing / elements into place with a crane care must be taken to ensure the lifted item is under control and not free to swing a r o u n d a n d c a u s e h a r m t o l i f e.

- Care must be taken when manual handling, adequate training on manual and material handling must be carried out

- A secure hoarding must be erected to ensure t h e s a f e t y o f t h e p u b l i c . ( A L L STAG E S )

- Columns must be securely fixed to foundation pads to ensure there is no risk of falling members.

- Ear protection must be worn when using machinery or loud powertools such as c h a i n s a w s . ( A L L STAG E S )

- When lifting structure with a crane great care must be taken to ensure there is no risk of i t e m s f a l l i n g o n p e o p l e b e l o w.

- Any excavation must be made clear to ensure n o b o d y f a l l s i n t o a h o l e.

- During the delivery of materials / prefab elements there must be a strict system in place t o m i t i g a t e r i s k t o l i f e f r o m l a rg e m a c h i n e r y.

Fixing ground beams between foundation pads

- Hand arm vibration syndrome; appropriate strategies must be in place when using power tools to mitigate side effects of vibrations

Installation of sub floor support between steel ground beams Erection of trusses and columns for 3D printer install Subfloor buildup installed 3D printing of main walls begins 3D printer nozzle moved to another section once complete. Steels installed where necessary at window headers / first floor

Window reveals and other elements are 3D printed on site (but not in situ) then craned or lifted into place Glazing frames installed

HVAC / Electrical / Plumbing first fix installed on site

FIGURE .87

Insulation / polycarbonate sheeting installed to form glazing Roof structure installed and building closed in

Insulation / polycarbonate sheeting installed to form glazing

- When lifting glazing / elements into place with a crane care must be taken to ensure the lifted item is under control and not free to swing a r o u n d a n d c a u s e h a r m t o l i f e. - Appropriate PPE must be worn when cutting and handling insulation, such as a breathing equipment. - As the buildings height increases there must be suitable protection against falling in place for the construction workers. Such as fall arrest systems and netting .

Snags resolved Building handover

STRUCTURE

FIGURE .90

- As the buildings height increases there must be suitable protection against falling in place for the construction workers. Such as fall arrest systems and netting .

Building inspected for snags

SECTION 2

FIGURE .89

0 4 - I N S U L AT I O N A N D C L A D D I N G

Roof structure installed and building closed in

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

FIGURE .88

090

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

091

DETAIL 01

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM 01

35mm polycarbonate sheeting

Steel angle roof support bolted to truss plate 25mm cast steel plate forming truss bearing point 15mm galvanized mild steel angle 15mm galvanized mild steel mounting plate welded and bolted to post Vertical steel member supporting high level vent system Articulating vents activated using heat sensors to maintain constant temperature within the building Aluminium fins forming vents with rubber gasket to each fin to form seal Main structural post formed from 48mm diameter seamless steel tube Anthracite powder coated steel fin enclosing end of wall

C O N ST R U C T I O N D E TA I L S

EXTERIOR Block pulley suspended from truss operated manually from ground floor level to open and close plant insulation space blanket Anthracite powder coated steel fin enclosing end of wall Mild steel angle fixing vent frame in place Aluminium facia piece enclosing ETFE pillows 75mm EcoTherm rigid insulation Steel PFC mounting point for ETFE pillow clamp Hollow steel section welded to supporting pipes, supporting ETFE pillows and air supply tubes ETFE fixing clamp ETFE pillow forming facade, able to be inflated / deflated depending on interior climatic conditions High pressure coupler to ETFE pillow

INTERIOR SEE DETAIL 05

Air supply tube Galvanised steel hollow sections bent and welded to form main structural columns of the greenhouse structure

DETAIL LOCATION GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

HIGH LEVEL VENT, ROOF AND WALL JUNCTION 1:10 @ A3 SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

093

DETAIL 02

Twin wall ETFE pillows forming facade Actuator mounting bracket fixed to post with 6mm fillet weld 10mm hose pipe syphoning excess water from irrigation to be recycled Air supply tube High pressure coupler to ETFE pillow Arduino controlled actuator operating autonomous ventilation system

DETAIL 03

Highly polished aluminium finish to reflector face Sunlight reflector at high level (see detail for specification)

Cast steel pivot mount allowing for articulation of reflector to maximise sunlight

ETFE clip Rigid inulation to PFC section Thermally broken steel PFC to mount ETFE clip Steel hollow section supporting ETFE facade

Web cast into plate for reinforcement

Aluminium extrusion forming sill

Pivot point fixing through base plate and pivot mount

Steel angle bracket holding perforated steel sheet in place as an animal / debris deterrent to the ventilation

Bearing housing allowing for rotation Supporting steel gusset plate welded to main hollow section

Articulating vents activated using heat sensors to maintain constant temperature within the building

Hollow steel section upstand supporting reflector

Anthracite powder coated steel fin enclosing end of wall

35mm twinwall polycarbonate sheeting roof finish

Vertical steel member supporting low level vent system

EXTERIOR

Hollow steel section capping polycarbonate edge with 3D printed

INTERIOR

Steel plate enclosing space

Galvanised steel tension cable acting as cross bracing to structure

20mm thick steel mounting plate welded and bolted to truss and column with M20 bolts Hollow steel section filled with rigid insulation forming mullion to support facade and lip to prevent rain hitting mesh

Hard wearing steel perforated steel floor finish Steel fixing plate to column base, bolted to RSJ foundation with M20 bolts and thermally broken

Perforated steel mesh forming passive ventilation at high level

M20 bolts fixing suspended floor to RSJ ground beam RSJ ground beam Thermal break to mitigate thermal bridging Galvanized steel strut forming main structure of suspended floor Perforated steel mesh venting void below suspended floor Thermal break between steel connections

INTERIOR

EXTERIOR

M20 bolts with rubber gasket to prevent rain penetration via bolt holes

Steel upstand to foundation Steel base plate

Hollow steel sections supporting facade, thermally broken

Concrete foundation cap

35mm twinwall polycarbonate and 15mm galvanized angle steel forming glazing and frame Threaded M20 rod chem fixed into concrete footing to secure column to pad

3D printed facia cap to external steel section enclosing it from rain

Reinforced concrete footing

DETAIL LOCATION GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

LOW LEVEL VENT, SUSPENDED FLOOR AND FOUNDATION JUNCTION 1:10 @ A3 SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

DETAIL LOCATION 094

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

HIGH LEVEL VENT, ROOF AND WALL JUNCTION 1:10 @ A3 SECTION 2

STRUCTURE

095

DETAIL 04

19mm diameter steel rope suspending deployable roof system Stainless steel rope clamp and fixing point

DETAIL 05

DETAIL 06

Stainless steel block and eye for roof clip 50mm rigid insulation Brass grommet reinforcing roof material hanging point able to bend and deflect rather than fail

15mm steel angle section M15 bolt fixing perforated mesh

SEMI EXTERIOR

Plastic capping profile

Steel PFC bearing ETFE pillows

Bolt gasket to prevent leaks M15 bolt fixing mullion Aluminium roof section flashed over 50mm rigid insulation Extruded aluminium profile

Hollow steel section bearing ETFE frame

Through bolted using mechanical fixing Rubber gasket strip sealing polycarbonate Extruded aluminium profile

ETFE clamp

INTERNAL DOWNPIPES FIXED TO 3D PRINTED WALL

SEE DETAIL 06

Rubber gasket to clip facia M15 bolt

Aluminium sheet forming internal finish

High pressure coupler

Anodised aluminium clip on coping 3D printed window head lapped over parapet wall enclosing Steel PFC bearing roof structure fixed with ‘hollo’ expanding bolts 35mm multiwall polycarbonate roofing

Twin wall ETFE pillow

TYPICAL MULLION DETAIL 1:2 @ A3

Air supply tube

See mullion drawing for details Steel plate enclosing internal downpipe opening Aluminium channel with mesh fixed on using self tapping screws Internal steel downpipe with anthracite finish unenclosed to create acoustic performance when it rains Steel RSJ forming window head and bearing the roof buildup - due to the nature of 3D printing. Fixed using M20 bolts chem fixed into 3D printed wall

EXTERIOR High pressure coupler

CNC milled 10mm aluminium down pipe clip screwed back to 3D printed wall with silicone gasket to prevent squeaking Steel mounting bracket accepting glazing frame system, thermally broken to cold steel frame 35mm multiwall polycarbonate glazing panel Hollow steel section forming glazing bracing externally

INTERIOR

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6 . 0 C R I T I C A L E N V I R O N M E N TA L AU D I T

C R I T I C A L E N V I R O N M E N TA L AU D I T

C O N S I D E R AT I O N S & A DJ U ST M E N T S TO P R OJ E C T S S C O P E TO M E E T L E T I N E T Z E R O C A R B O N O B J E C T I V E S

M AT E R I A L S F U T U R E O F H E AT

O P E R AT I O N A L E N E R GY D E F I N I T I O N S // D E S C R I P T I O N S O F L E T I FAC TO R S O F N E T Z E R O C A R B O N D E S I G N

O P E R AT I O N A L E N E R GY Operational energy is the energy consumed by a building associated with heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, and lighting systems, as well as equipment such as fridges, washing machines, TVs, computers, lifts, and cooking. Reducing operational energy is key to achieving scalable zero carbon.

EMBODIED CARBON The term embodied carbon refers to the ‘upfront’ emissions associated with building construction, including the extraction and processing of materials and the energy and water consumption in the production, assembly, and construction of the building. It also includes the ‘in-use’ stage (the maintenance, replacement, and emissions associated with refrigerant leakage) and the ‘end of life’ stage (demolition, disassembly, and disposal of any parts of product or building) and any transportation relating to the above.

F U T U R E O F H E AT The decarbonisation of heating and hot water will have a huge impact on carbon emission reductions and is a crucial step in the net zero pathway.

DEMAND RESPONSE Integrating demand response and energy storage into buildings allows buildings to be flexible with their demand on the grid for power. This is fundamental to allow the grid to harness renewable energy sources that allows it to decarbonise to a level that is needed to meet our climate change targets.

Material selection plays a big role in reducing the operational energy usage of the building. Through low energy design utilising high performing materials, operational energy consumption can be greatly reduced.

Response:

Considerations for heating:

Response:

- The vast amounts of glazed elements may result in the buildings climate becoming uncomfortable for occupants.

Material Uses:

The use of natural ventilation systems have been incorporated into the design, however revisions may need to be made to the specification in order to mitigate the need for mechanical cooling systems through low energy design.

All heat generated in the building occurs on site, and is fossil fuel free, as per the LETI guidelines. Photovoltaic glazing produces electricity for the radiant heat solutions to the habitable spaces.

To maximise the heat of the greenhouse space, a mechanical heat recovery system may be considered to recycle heat produced in the greenhouse around the cooler spaces in the scheme.

The envelope of the building is designed to create air tightness and selection of high performing materials to limit the installed peak heat loss.

The building will be constructed to high air tightness to limit heat loss through junctions in the building.

Reducing the need for demand during peak energy use times.

The nature of the building means the heating demands are low. The habitable spaces are not used for long periods during the day, so a radiant heat solution will be used to limit the need for heating demand.

- High performing polycarbonate sheeting used within the building, this material has a high U value, creating a highly insulated envelope. - ETFE pillows; the pillows allow for a natural regulation of interior climate, without the need for mechanical heating / cooling. - The dark finish of the 3D printed elements will absorb heat throughout the day, further reducing the need for mechanical heating.

- A highly sealed air tight envelope to achieve a low operational energy level may reduce natural airflow around the building The building implements natural ventilation systems to ensure a high level of airflow around the spaces. Mitigating the need for energy use on mechanical ventilation systems.

- Large glazed sections reduce the need for artificial lighting.

EMBODIED CARBON D ATA D I S C LO S U R E Unless we can gain a good understanding of how our buildings are performing in-use through post occupancy evaluation, we cannot achieve net zero carbon. Currently the way that buildings are assessed in regulations is according to a Building Regulations energy model (Part L) rather than in-use consumption. There is also a huge ‘performance gap’ between how we estimate the energy consumption of new buildings and how they perform in-use.

DEMAND RESPONSE

Considerations on embodied carbon:

Response:

Considerations for demand response:

Response:

The use of steel in the building carries with it a high level of embodied carbon.

All steel members are fabricated using low carbon, UK made steel. Reducing travel distances and carbon emissions. All elements are mechanically fixed so can be demounted and re-used, reducing construction waste.

Considering the demand response LETI performance indicators from the outset of the design allow for the guidelines set out to be implemented from the outset.

The buildings energy demands will remain low by nature of the design utilizing natural rainwater, sunlight and ventilation to maintain the climatic conditions of the building.

Should the demands of the building change, assessments must be undertaken to maintain LETI guidelines regarding demand response.

Specifying high accuracy metering around the building will demonstrate when energy use changes and a response is needed.

The process of 3D printing is a heat and energy intensive process, lifting its embodied carbon. Large pre-fabricated elements made off site will need to be transported to site on large fuel burning lorries / modes of transport The use of concrete footings within the foundations carries a high level of embodied carbon for the building

The process of 3D printing does use a high amount of heat, but in comparison to the industrial process such as firing bricks, its embodied carbon is low, due to its recyclability. Care has been taken as the design stage to ensure the prefab elements can fit onto a standard lorry sized transport, and made as close to site as possible. The use of concrete has been minimised to the small footings, remaining relatively light tough on site. The footings can be used again once the building had been demounted, for another structure, such as a playground. Or excavated and recycled into aggregates.

D ATA D I S C LO S U R E Considerations for data disclosure ‘Ensure total building energy consumption is metered and recorded securely and reliably’

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C R I T I C A L E N V I R O N M E N TA L AU D I T

ST R U C T U R E

C O N ST R U C T I O N

O P E R AT I O N A L E N E R GY

F U T U R E O F H E AT

Operational Energy Considerations of structure:

Response:

Considerations of structure:

Response:

Considerations on construction:

Response:

Considerations on construction:

Response:

- The use of steel in the structure could be a cause of cold bridging into the building, increasing the need for heating as heat is lost through the cold steelwork.

- Care will be taken in the construction and detailing of junctions / build-ups to ensure the mitigation of cold bridging, and maximising air tightness in response to the LETI guidelines for operational energy

- The use of 3D printed elements creates an entirely air sealed structure, meaning the heat loss will be minimal.

- This will meet LETIs performance indicator of air tightness. Mitigating heat loss through cracks and gaps in the building.

- On site inspections of the contractors work at all stages will mitigate errors leading to heat loss.

- LETI sets out clear orientation and glazing specification which will need to be addressed in the design to prevent overheating by solar gain.

- The contractor needs a way of monitoring the quality of the work after each stage is complete. Which can be reviewed by the architect and design team.

- Ensure all systems are installed correctly and operating at maximum efficiency.

- Minimising cold bridging to mitigate heat loss.

- The contractors must build the scheme to a high level of quality to ensure air tightness, reducing operational energy when the project is complete. - It is important for the contractor to follow the specification from the architect in order to achieve the calculated values and performance of the building. In the Design and build contact, the contractor may try to substitute items for a cheaper material or product to maximise their profit.

- The contractor will use the specified materials as the architect and design team will be making regular checks on site to make sure the correct materials are being deployed to achieve the low operational energy desired.

-Future proofing the building allowing for changes to the systems in the future to allow for newer / more efficient systems to be installed.

- The structural system allows for systems to be ‘plugged’ in, bolted to the frame and threaded through areas of the building.

- Concrete footings may cause thermal bridging to the perimeter of the structure.

- Slender structural elements used within the building to maximise natural light within the building, helping to heat the building further.

- It is important for the contractor to keep logs of progress for monitoring purposes for every stage of construction.

- A detailed carbon reduction strategy will be drawn up and presented to the clients at the handover stage of the project, this includes the building life cycle and end of life stage.

- Care must be taken post completion to maintain operational carbon targets.

EMBODIED CARBON

D ATA D I S C LO S U R E

Considerations of structure:

Response:

Considerations on construction:

Response:

Considerations on construction:

Response:

- Steel structural members can carry with them a high level of embodied carbon due to the industrious process needed to manufacture it.

- Using local steel to reduce the distance it ha travelled, and therefore carbon emissions used to create and transport it.

- The use of tools and machinery on site must be taken into account when calculating the buildings embodied carbon. Where possible electric tools charged with green electricity and machinery will be used.

- The contractor needs a way of monitoring the quality of the work after each stage is complete. Which can be reviewed by the architect and design team.

- It is important to compile a report of the as built information from the contractor to accurately calculate the buildings whole life carbon.

- The client must receive relevant information to continue and abide by the carbon reduction strategy.

- At the end of site works, meetings will take place regarding the final carbon related data in which all information will be disclosed and compiled to form an accurate report of the buildings whole life carbon.

- Concrete used in the foundation releases carbon into the atmosphere, increasing embodied carbon. - Maximising structural efficiency to reduce the need for redundant material. - Utilising the structural grid may allow for the elements to be re-used in other projects easily.

- Manufacturing and powder coating of the steel to happen under one roof to minimise the transport emissions associated with the material.

- Embodied carbon includes the lifecycle of the building. Once the building is ready to be demolished, all elements can be disassembled and taken off site, rather than machine heavy demolition practices.

- The mechanical fixing allow for the steel to be demounted, and recycled or re-purposed when the building reaches the end of its life.

- Where possible, joints will be bolted to reduce the need for welding on site.

- A mix of fly ash / green concrete may be used in the foundations in order to reduce the embodied carbon of the footings. The amount of concrete used it small and as they are shallow set foundations, they can be excavated and recycled into aggregates to be used in other projects.

- The bolted steel connections allow for the structure to be demounted and used elsewhere. Keeping the steel a neutral colour also keeps the flexibility of the frames.

- The buildings users must submit the buildings data throughout the buildings lifecylce to build an accurate picture of the buildings whole life carbon, and feed back into further research.

- Revisions may need to be made to some of the larger structural elements in terms of transport and installation to ensure embodied carbon is minimised as much as possible.

- The scheme is set out in a grid to simplify the structure, making it flexible and able to be used on another site if needed.

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7 . 1 B U I L D I N G P E R FO R M A N C E C O N C E P T UA L ST R AT E GY

7 . 0 B U I L D I N G P E R FO R M A N C E

M A X I M I S I N G N AT U R A L L I G H T

S E L F R E G U L AT I N G C L I M AT E C O N T R O L

The premise of the buildings performance strategy is to maximise the use of natural light, ventilation, and harvested rainfall i n o r d e r t o r e d u c e t h e o p e r a t i o n a l e n e rg y of the building. Through design inclusions from the outset of the project, elements have been included to maximise natural sunlight into the scheme to aid the growing process. This will also heat the space t h r o u g h o u t t h e d a y, k e e p i n g a g o o d c l i m a t e f o r t h e p l a n t s t o t h r i v e, r e d u c i n g t h e need for artificial lighting and mechanical heating systems

The concept of the buildings ventilation, heating and cooling system is all to be managed using passive systems. Rather t h a n e n e rg y i n t e n s i v e m e c h a n i c a l s y s t e m s t o h e a t a n d c o o l t h e s p a c e, n a t u r a l c r o s s ventilation will be used to maintain a comfortable temperature level within, forcing the hot air out and preventing b u i l d u p, p r e v e n t i n g t h e a d v e r s e e f f e c t s of solar gain, and preventing overheating. This also creates a way of circulation fresh a i r t h r o u g h t h e s p a c e. B y n a t u r e o f t h e p l a n t s g r o w i n g i n t h e s p a c e, a l o t o f f r e s h air will be created in the space which can be circulated around.

FILM SET LIGHT REFLECTOR

B R E E N V I R O N M E N TA L O F F I C E V E N T S

FIGURE . 92

FIGURE .91

S E R I E S O F E N V E LO P E S T O A C H I E V E D E S I R E D C L I M AT I C C O N D I T I O N S

W AT E R H A RV E S T I N G S YS T E M S

The architecture uses a series of envelopes to passively achieve the desired climatic conditions within the building. Mitigating the need for mechanical heating and cooling systems, reducing the buildings opera t i o n a l e n e rg y u s a g e. U s i n g t h i s s e r i e s o f envelopes the scheme will reach high levels of air tightness, and insulation. Through a strategic use of materials the building will a c h i e v e t h e d e s i r e d U v a l u e s a n d c l i m a t e, preventing the need for mechanical ventilation, heating, and cooling.

To k e e p u p w i t h t h e d e m a n d s o f i r r i g a t i o n w i t h i n t h e s c h e m e. T h e b u i l d i n g w i l l u t i l i z e a l a rg e w a t e r c o l l e c t i o n s y s t e m t o h a r v e s t r a i n w a t e r f o r i r r i g a t i o n . Va s t l y r e d u c i n g the environmental impact of using fresh water to irrigate crops. The water storage tanks will utilize a smart system which can predict future rainfall in order to prevent flooding to local brown water drainage systems. In an ideal world there would be a situation where no harvested water would need to be drained, however this system a c t s a s a f l o o d p r e v e n t i o n s t r a t e g y. A s t h e scheme grows the demand for irrigation w i l l i n c r e a s e, a n d m o r e t a n k s w i l l n e e d t o b e 3 D p r i n t e d f o r e x t r a w a t e r s t o r a g e.

L ATA P I E H O U S E / L A C T I O N & VA S S A L

FIGURE .93

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7 . 3 S U N PAT H D I AG R A M

7 . 2 B R E E A M F R A M E WO R K E N V I R O N M E N TA L A S S E S S M E N T M E T H O D S FO R A B U I L D I N G S P E R FO R M A N C E

Natural sunlight is imperative to the scheme to allow the crops to flourish. The reflectors situated on the exterior of the scheme around the site seek to maximise sunlight into the scheme by reflecting sunlight.

There are many factors to the BREEAM framework which sets out standards for rating a buildings performance. They are:

K E Y C O N S I D E R AT I O N S :

E N E R GY

E C O LO GY

WAT E R

BREEAM AIM:

‘ To m i n i m i s e o p e r a t i o n a l e n e rg y d e m a n d ; p r i m a r y e n e rg y c o n s u p t i o n a n d C O 2 emissions’

‘ To a v o i d o r l i m i t a s f a r a s p o s s i b l e ; negative ecological impacts associated with the site and surrounding areas resulting from the project’

‘ To r e d u c e t h e c o n s u m p t i o n o f p o t a b l e water for sanitary use in new buildings through the use of water efficient c o m p o n e n t s a n d w a t e r r e c y c l i n g s y s t e m s .’

RESPONSE:

The scheme builds and rejuvenates local habitats with the provision of vegetables and plants on site.

Using water catchment systems to harvest r a i n w a t e r t o b e u s e d i n t h e s c h e m e, r e d u c i n g t h e n e e d f o r p o t a b l e w a t e r.

The scheme remains light tough on site in terms of foundational design.

The use of composting toilets in the scheme which require no potable water to be used.

E n e rg y Land use and ecology Water Health and wellbeing Pollution Tr a n s p o r t Materials Waste Management

These factors have been considered through all design stages to ensure a high score in terms of the BREEAM framework to ensure best practice for the environmental performance of the building.

RESPONSE: Ensure air tight envelope to reduce the n e e d f o r o p e r a t i o n a l e n e rg y. Utilize natural factors to heat and cool the building such as passive ventilation and solar heating.

The reflectors are located strategically to capture morning and evening light, as well as light throughout the day. There is a risk of overheating through solar gain within the space, so systems are in place to mitigate this. From the automatic vents system to the ETFE pillows which can expand and contract to let more or less light into the space. The use of natural sun lighting reduces the need for artificial light to be used within the building, meaning the operational carbon is reduced, improving the buildings compliance with LETI.

Opportunities:

I N D O O R A I R Q UA L I T Y

T H E R M A L C O M FO RT

WA ST E ( D I S A S S E M B LY ) )

BREEAM AIM:

‘ To e n c o u r a g e a n d s u p p o r t h e a l t h y i n t e r n a l environments with good indoor air quality ’

‘ To e n s u r e t h e b u i l d i n g i s c a p a b l e o f providing an appropriate level of thermal c o m f o r t .’

‘Encouraging consideration and implementation of measures design related t o a d a p t a b i l i t y a n d d i s a s s e m b l y, w h i c h c a n accommodate future changes to the use of t h e b u i l d i n g .’

RESPONSE: Cross ventilation system implemented to r e g u l a t e a i r f l o w a n d i n c r e a s e d a i r q u a l i t y. O x yg e n c r e a t e d b y t h e p l a n t s c i r c u l a t e d through the spaces.

RESPONSE: Automatic vent systems in place top regulate temperatures in the building, reducing heat build up. Solar gain into the space through the ETFE pillows will heat the space, and the ETFE pillows can regulate internal climate also.

Maximising natural light will mitigate the need for artificial lighting and reduce operational carbon

Constraints: The risk of overheating must be addressed to combat solar gain

RESPONSE: The use of mechanical fixings throughout the building will allow for the structure to demounted and recycled. With care being taken in selecting all materials to ensure a n e n d o f u s e s t r a t e g y i s i n p l a c e.

S U N PAT H D I AG R A M O N S I T E 1 : 1 2 5 0 @ A 3

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P R E VA I L I N G W I N D S AFFECTING THE BUILDING

C L I M AT E S W I T H I N T H E BUILDING

The site receives prevailing winds from the South West, although naturally shielded from these winds by the tree lines, it is important to consider the effects the winds could have on the building. The nature of the structure remains subversive and not built to a height to which wind will effect the lateral load on the building.

The building has a variety of climates and temperatures within the building, each with different needs and uses: 1. Lab / research space. This space is a fully enclosed habitable space. The space requires a higher air pressure than the rest of the space. This is to push bacteria and dust out of the space, in order to keep the air quality as pure as possible within the space when doing experiments. The space will not have mechanical heating systems however the upper level rest area will utilise radiant heat systems in order to provide comfort in the colder months.

The cross ventilation scheme implemented in the design of the building will benefit from the prevailing winds passing directly over the building. Aiding the natural ventilation and forcing fresh air through the building via apertures and openings in the facade to allow ventilation and cooling to take place. The ventilation provides ample airflow to blow bacteria off the plants too - a factor needed when growing plants inside.

2. Semi exterior space. The external zone of the scheme has the retractable roof for rainwater collection. However it contains no walls enclosing it. The roof will provide a level of solar shading in the summer months to provide comfortable zone for people to inhabit.

Opportunities: Wind will provide a natural ventilation to the growing spaces, preventing the need for mechanical cooling and ventilation in these spaces.

3. Enclosed space. This space is a workshop/ storage space - it will remain uninsulated but enclosed from the elements. These kinds of spaces are not typically heated.

Constraints: The building must be able to withstand the imposed wind load presented.

4. Greenhouse growing space. This space is where the crops are grown. The space relies on solar heat gain to heat the space and maintain a level of heat needed by the plants to survive. There is vent systems in place used in the event of overheating within the space. The ETFE pillows and polycarbonate sheeting making up the space have high U values - keeping the space insulated. 5. Public space. The public space is highly insulated to ensure a level of comfort for the users of the space throughout the year. 6. Seedling cultivation area. This space relies on solar heat gain to heat the space, and cultivate the seedlings.

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7 . 5 V E N T I L AT I O N

7 . 4 E N V I R O N M E N TA L N E E D S L A B S PAC E Needs: High air pressure to push out bacteria / dust to avoid contamination of experiments.

M E C H A N I C A L A I R S U P P LY S YS T E M D U C T I N G A N D A I R O U T L E T / I N TA K E

Comfortable climate for workers. Response: A mechanical system would be in place to a c h i e v e t h e a i r p r e s s u r e r e q u i r e. T h i s i s d o n e b y pumping slightly more air than is taken out of t h e s p a c e. The pressure would be regulated passively through opening doors / cracks / gaps in the s t r u c t u r e.

5 0 m m T H E R M A F L E E C E S H E E P S W O O L I N S U L AT I O N I N S E RT E D I N TO V O I D S I N H A B I TA B L E S PA C E S

The lab space will be insulated to achieve a h i g h l e v e l o f t h e r m a l r e t e n t i o n w i t h i n t h e s p a c e. Radiant heat solutions would be used to give comfort where required.

Cross flow ventilation within the building; to achieve maximum efficiency within the building of the passive and automated ventilation systems, cross flow ventilation is created with high and low vents to both sides of the building. The high and low level vents operate using actuators controlled by arduinos. The arduino is connected to two heat monitors - one at high and one at low level. An average temperature internally is taken, and should the internal temperature reach as high as 28 degrees Celsius, the actuators would open the vents until the temperature subsides. This is due to the detrimental effects severe heat has on plants. Louvres within the facade will provide a level of passive ventilation to ensure good level of a i r f l o w a r o u n d t h e s p a c e, t h i s i s b e c a u s e t h e plants require an airflow level of 0.2 m/s. This is to blow bacteria off the plants, and cycle n u t r i e n t r i c h a i r a r o u n d t h e s p a c e. Passive vents will also provide the public space with the purified air created in the production of the plants, to provide clean air to the users of the building, the carbon dioxide rich air required for plant growth will then be e x c h a n g e d i n t o t h e g r o w i n g s p a c e.

BREAK ROOM N e e d s : Fr e s h a i r / v e n t i l a t i o n t o i n c r e a s e a i r quality Comfortable climate for workers taking a break. P H OTO V O LTA I C G L A Z I N G PA N E L S

Response: Passive systems designed into glazing frames will provide a level of passive ventilation to t h e s p a c e, a n d o p e n - a b l e w i n d o w s w i l l p r o v i d e further fresh air / ventilation should it be required. The glazing over this zone will be a solar photovoltaic glazing, this produces electricity which will in turn power electric underfloor matting to provide comfort to its users through a direct system, as the space is only used for a c o u p l e o f h o u r s a d a y, i t i s m o r e e f f i c i e n t t o use this type of system, rather than heating the e n t i r e s p a c e. T h e u n d e r f l o o r h e a t i n g d i r e c t l y h e a t s t h e o c c u p a n t s m a k i n g t h e m f e e l w a r m e r.

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D U R A B L E R U B B E R F LO O R M A D E F R O M R E C YC L E D R U B B E R ( E X P LO D E D ) E L E C T R I C U N D E R F LO O R H E AT I N G P O W E R E D BY P H OTO V O LTA I C GLAZING I N S U L AT I O N U N D E R U N D E R F LO O R H E AT I N G M AT T I N G PA S S I V E V E N T I L AT I O N S YS T E M TO G L A Z I N G S YS T E M

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V E N T I L AT I O N - C O M FO RT V E N T S

7 . 5 S H A D OW ST U DY

I N C O R P O R AT I N G N AT U R A L V E N T I L AT I O N

The scheme has been designed with maximising light in mind, in order to create a highly efficient, and low energy intensive growing process within the growing space. The orientation of the scheme prioritises the growing spaces be designated to the South side of the building.

The habitable spaces within the space will incorporate the use of natural ventilation, incorporating these principles into the facade design.

The Southerly facade is almost entirely comprised of transparent / translucent materials. Capturing the majority of the light throughout the day, throughout the year. the rest locations of the building for the occupants utilised a lazed roofing system, capturing the afternoon Southerly light, and the softer northern light throughout the day, ensuring it is illuminated with natural lighting throughout the day.

The vents operate using a handle to oen and close small vents within the build up of the vent. They can be opened and closed to the o c c u p a n t s d e s i r e. T h e v e n t s o p e n a t h i g h a n d low level together to allow for ventilation. The diagram opposite demonstrates the vents utilising the stack effect. The hot air rises to the top of the room and is forced out at high level, then at low level the cold air is sucked in from the outside, creating a flow of cool, fresh air in the space when desired.

Much of the building utilises a lightweight structural frame comprised of slender elements in order to minimise shadows cast in the building from large structural members.

June - 6am

Jan - 9.30am

June - 12pm

Jack - 12pm

June - 7pm

Jan - 4pm

The orientation of the building allows for the light to illuminate the scheme throughout the day, reducing operational energy consumption as it mitigates the need for artificial lighting within the space, as well as eliminating the need for artificial growing lamps. The buildings operation time reflects that of the daylight hours throughout the day, further mitigating the need for artificial lighting.

Windows opposite from each other can be opened to provide further comfort and ventilation. In order for the cross ventilation to work, the distance from openings must be five times the distance of the floor to ceiling height.

During the summer months, the trees on site will provide an element of solar shading to limit the amount of solar gain into the rest area of the building. Due to the buildings orientation, the Northern facade is cast into darkness for most of the day throughout the year, in order to mitigate this, a mirrored reflector will be deployed in order to illuminate the entrance of the building throughout the day, particularly in the winter months as the low sun casts long shadows across the site. Vent frame

Insect mesh

Operable vents

Interior mesh finish

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7 . 5 N AT U R A L L I G H T

7 . 5 E X T E R N A L S U N R E F L E C TO R S

In order to maximise lighting the scheme without the need for artificial lighting. The s c h e m e d e p l o y s l a rg e s u n r e f l e c t i n g s u r f a c e s which operate on a pivot to direct the sunlight t h r o u g h o u t t h e d a y. T h e s e w i l l b e h a n d controlled and adjusted by the users of the buildings.

T h e w o r k o n a 3 D p r i n t e d b a s e, a n d a s y s t e m o f steel CNC cut supports, in order to make them a d j u s t a b l e a n d e s s e n t i a l l y a l a rg e k i t o f p a r t s , t h e y a r e a d j u s t a b l e t o p r o v i d e s i t e s p e c i f i c i t y.

‘O P E N ’ S U N P R OT E C T I O N F I L M

Air pressure increased between foil layers - expanding and opening the patterned foil, allowing light through

The face of the reflector is made from a highly p o l i s h e d a l u m i n i u m m i r r o r. T h i s i s b e c a u s e a conventional mirror does not reflect UV light r a y s , w h i c h i s e s s e n t i a l f o r t h e p l a n t s t o g r o w. The aluminium mirror is also much safer to be used as it will not shatter and create sharp debris.

V I E W O F R E A R O F R E F L E C TO R

T h i s i s a l o w e n e rg y s o l u t i o n t o t h e i l l u m i n a t i n g the growing space of the building, which would otherwise be illuminated using artificial lights. The plants need the darkness of the night in order to regulate their metabolic system, and the reflectors mitigate the need for a spike in o p e r a t i o n a l e n e rg y f o r t h e b u i l d i n g . The risk of the mirrors is the potential to cause overheating, or a fire should the heat g e t t o o i n t e n s e. T h i s i s w h y t h e m i r r o r s r e m a i n m a n u a l l y o p e r a b l e, s o t h e y c a n b e e a s i l y moved away from the building to mitigate these adverse effects. The buildings natural ventilation systems will also help to maintain the climatic conditions within the building to prevent over thermal and solar gain.

‘C LO S E D’ S U N P R OT E C T I O N F I L M

Air pressure decreased between layers of foil to pull them t o g e t h e r, m a k i n g a s o l i d p a n e l w h i c h s u n l i g h t c a n n o t p a s s through 1 . Po l i s h e d a l u m i n i u m r e f l e c t o r d i r e c t i n g s u n l i g h t i n t o t h e growing space to maximise light provision for the crops.

P L A N V I E W O F R E F L E C TO R

2. ETFE pillows capable of controlling light entering the b u i l d i n g i n o r d e r t o m i t i g a t e s o l a r g a i n a n d o v e r- h e a t i n g within the building. Artificial lighting is not used to cultivate the crops as the plants need the darkness of the night in order to regulate their metabolic systems. It would also create huge affects o n t h e o p e r a t i o n a l e n e rg y c o n s u m p t i o n o f t h e b u i l d i n g . Using the reflectors externally light can be maximises w i t h i n t h e b u i l d i n g n a t u r a l l y.

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Mirror 1 is positioned to capture the evening l i g h t a n d r e f l e c t i t i n t o t h e s c h e m e. Mirror 2 is positioned to reflect the morning light into the scheme Mirror 3 is positioned to illuminate the dark s e c t i o n c r e a t e d b y t h e b u i l d i n g s s h a d o w. Mirror 4 is positioned to provide supplementary l i g h t t o t h e s p a c e. PERFORMANCE

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FIGURE .95

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7 . 5 WAT E R C I R C U L AT I O N + SYST E M S

7 . 5 E X T E R N A L S U N R E F L E C TO R S

The harvesting of rainwater plays a key role in the irrigation of the crops within the space, recycling rainwater reduces the need for using potable water on irrigation, therefore reducing the buildings operational energy consumption. The mirror system acts as a stage set would, focusing light to illuminate the stage (the green house) It is a solution which has an initial cost to manufacturing the units, however once constructed they will work harnessing the natural sunlight to maximise natural light throughout the day in the greenhouse.

The large greenhouse roof acts in a conventional manner, utilizing a pitched roof construction to divert the water off the roof as quickly as possible, towards the ETFE panel system and into the storage tanks. The second part of the system is a retractable system which can be deployed using a series of pulleys and ropes in order to collect rainwater when needed. The conceptual strategy is to create a multi uses flexible indoor / outdoor space using the retractable roof. The ETFE panels are constructed to be larger at one end to form a pitch down to the sculptural gutter to the exterior of the building, forming a fountain like appearance when it is raining.

The combination of ETFE pillows and directed sunlight is a relationship which will need to be closely monitored. The mirror face will use a semi con-caved profile as to not created a highly focused beam of light which could potentially cause a fire or melt through the ETFE material on the facade. As the project is a pilot scheme for a wider network of growing facilities, there may be some teething issues with the reflector systems in place. However, due to the demount-ability of the reflectors, it would be easy to make alterations and adjustments on site to maximise the light and fine tune the efficiency of the system with research and the consultation of specialists.

Concave

Convex

The third element of the system is the internal downpipes which are in use when the retractable roof is closed and not in use. In order to prevent water from pooling on the roof of the break area. The internal downpipes are purposefully constructed using a thin aluminium, this is in order to create an acoustic performance of the sound of flowing water within the space when it is raining. The tanks operate using a smart system. This means that the system can predict potential storms and high rainfall to drain water from the tanks beforehand, in order to prevent flooding on the site, or overflowing tanks. This is to prevent a surge on the national system, preventing mass flooding and issues associated.

Hybrid

The hybrid mirror system is a flatter version of the convex mirror in order to focus some of the lost light rays which are reflected off the surface, yet striking a balance as to not create a focused, high intensity focal point of heat such as the concave mirror.

The tanks have a capacity of 500,00 litres. There would not be a situation where the tanks need to be drained, losing the collected rainfall. However if this is the case, the water may be distributed around the park to serve the other areas irrigation needs.

1 TANK CAPACITY (TWO ON SITE WITH OVERFLOW TANKS) HEIGHT: 3M

Rain/ snowfall on building

DIAMETER: 10M CAPACITY: 250,000 LITRES

Pitched polycarbonate roof skin Valley gutter constructed to 2 degree pitch towards retractable roof Lightweight aluminium gutter to exterior ETFE panels forming retractable roof to be deployed when water needs to be collected. Fabricated to form fall to water tank side to channel water

Section of retractable roof over 3D printed zone to be deployed when needed Interior downpipe channelling water through building in choreographed performance of water Roof constructed to pitch towards internal downpipe inlet to prevent pooling on the roof 3D printed sculptural gutter hung from main structure

3D printed water storage tanks used for irrigation within the structure. ‘Smart tank’ with 500,000 litre capac-

Drain back to grid / other irrigations around Greenwich Park / Allotments

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7 . 6 B U I L D I N G R E G U L AT I O N S Approved Documents; Building regulations ‘The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, now the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities publishes guidance called ‘Approved documents’ on ways to meet building regulations.’

7 . 6 B U I L D I N G R E G U L AT I O N S

OVERALL BUILDING Approved Document B Approved Document F Approved Document O Approved Document Q

HABITABLE SPACE Approved Document A Approved Document B Approved Document C Approved Document E Approved Document F Approved Document G Approved Document H Approved Document K Approved Document L Approved Document M

These documents provide guidelines on the minimum standards for materials and building work carried out to comply with building regulations, and examples on how to achieve these standards in building projects.

WC BLOCK Approved Document A Approved Document D Approved Document F Approved Document G Approved Document H

SEEDLING ENTRANCE Approved Document B Approved Document L Approved Document Q

The Approved Documents are categorised as follows: Approved Document A Structure Approved Document B Fire Safety Approved Document C Site preparation and resistance to contaminates and moisture Approved Document D Toxic Substances Approved Document E Resistance to sound Approved Document F Ventilation Approved Document G Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency Approved Document H Drainage and Waste Disposal MEZZANINE SYSTEM

Approved Document J Combustion appliances and fuel storage systems Approved Document K Protection from falling, collision and impact

WALL CONSTRUCTION

Approved Document A Approved Document B Approved Document K Approved Document M

Approved Document A Approved Document B Approved Document E Approved Document O

Approved Document L Conservation of fuel and power Approved Document M Access to and use of buildings Approved Document O Overheating Approved Document P Electrical safety Approved Document Q Security in dwellings Approved Document 7 Material and workmanship

PUBLIC AMENITY

FLOOR CONSTRUCTION FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION

(Approved Documents, 2022)

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Approved Document A Approved Document B Approved Document C Approved Document E Approved Document F Approved Document H

Approved Document A Approved Document C Approved Document M Approved Document F Approved Document O

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7 . 8 F I R E ST R AT E GY

7 . 9 AC C E S S ST R AT E GY

B U I L D I N G R E G U L AT I O N S

Fire regulations are an important part of the construction process to ensure the safety of occupants in the event of the fire. Approved Document B outlines the guidelines and requirements to create a fire safe scheme in new build projects, these criteria must be adhered to in order to create a safe building.

As part of the building regulations stage for every project, there must be a strategy in place for access and the use of the building. These guidelines are set out in Approved Document M - Access to and Use of the Buildings. Document M outlines a framework for accessibility for all members of the public, no matter their needs, within a new development.

The majority of the scheme is on one level, making the fire strategy and fire exit planning much easier. The ETFE facade in the event of a fire, would melt in the event of a fire, allowing the potential smoke to exit the building, not creating a enclosed space that can fill with smoke. The ETFE releases no toxic fumes when burned also.

Due to the variation in building use, it is not possible to have wheelchair access to absolutely all areas of the building. the partial two storey element being private for the workers of the building only allows for there to be a staircase used for access. However the rest of the building is one storey, mitigating the need for a lift. All thresholds within the space must remain unobstructed and flush through to allow for wheelchair users to move freely through the building. Where this is not possible, a wheelchair ramp will be provided in the scheme, at the times of viewing it can be deployed to give all users access to the areas of the building.

The lack of timber elements overhead in the building means there will be no potential for falling debris from above on the occupants. Fire Exit Strategy:

The main structure of the building being created with a suspended floor, means there is need for a ramp all the way around the building. This will be 3D printed on site and installed. Care must be taken to ensure the ramp is designed to be non slip and also at a pitch which can be easily negotiated by wheelchair users.

1. The nature of the building being in sections means that each sector is enclose, and can prevent the spread of smoke or fire to any other sectors of the building. All doors and openings between are to be fitted with fire rated self closing door hinges to help mitigate fire spreading. 2. There will be a series of smoke and carbon monoxide alarms fitted to the specification of the specialist fire engineers.

Considerations: Due to the nature of the composting toilets, the height of the platform which they sit on will require a ramp up to the disabled access toilet cubicle. (1)

3. Within the building a person is never more than 10 metres away from a fire exit. The clear sign-age to exits is also backed up by emergency floor lighting to guide people to a fire exit in the event of an emergency.

There should be no trip hazards / obstructed thresholds in order not to effect people with visual impairments.

4. As access to the site is limited, there will be an opportunity for fire fighters to pump water from the water storage tanks in the event of a fire.

Approved Document M

Approved Document B

5. There is no point of the building further than 45m away from a vehicle access point, in order to ensure a fire engine is able to reach all areas of the building.

FIRE EXIT AND DIRECTION OF EXIT

LIMITED ACCESS

6. All steel work to be coated with imtumescernt coating to provide 60 minute fire protection.

LEVEL CHANGE E T F E FA C A D E

DISABLED ACCESS ENTRANCE

Considerations:

F O L D I N G W H E E LCHAIR RAMP

Widening then entrance to the site to allow for a large fire engine to enter easily. Designating fire assembly points a safe distance away from the building. The 3D printed bioplastic will require a coating to make it fire retardent. GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

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8 . 0 O P E R AT I O N A L E N E R GY U S E C O N S I D E R AT I O N S Reducing operational energy use within the building has been a main project driver throughout the project, and is interwoven into the fabric of the scheme, from top to bottom, when considering the buildings systems, materials, construction methods and programme. The very nature of the building is constantly offsetting carbon emissions, through the mass growing of crops across the scheme, and storing water on site, essentially creating a large carbon sink within the City of London. Natural Lighting Natural lighting is an intrinsic element of the scheme, throughout. It is the lifeblood of the building, providing nutrients to the plants which support the whole scheme. The use of the reflectors on site is a natural, low energy solution to the need for light throughout the day, and year, for the plants. This is in response to the energy intensive systems currently in place at similar types of urban farms and vertical farming systems, which utilise full time lighting systems to propagate crops. The use of the reflectors carries with it the risk of overheating within the building, as the large mirrors are constantly directing light into the building. Overheating is a big consideration within the LETI design guide, in order to mitigate the need for mechanical cooling, through low energy design. The ETFE pillows foil system reflecting IR rays will further mitigate the possibility of over heating, as well as the natural ventilation systems. The nature of the greenhouse space means that it does not abide by the LETI design guides advice on glazing ratios to prevent overheating, due to the orientation. This is due to the risk of summer overheating, however through low energy design, these effects can be mitigated. Natural Ventilation Natural ventilation is another key driver of the scheme. This is as plants need an airflow over them to blow bacteria off them, and to keep them healthy, as would naturally occur outside due to the wind, this must be replicated when growing inside. The designed natural ventilation system will regulate the building without the need for energy intensive mechanical cooling system, simultaneously cooling the space and pushing fresh air around the building. The purified air created from the plants will be exchanged into the public areas of the building, through natural vents, mitigating the need for a mechanical ventilation system, reducing operational energy consumption.

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9 . 0 B I B LO G R A P H Y 1. Architects registry board, A., 2022. [online] Arb.org.uk. Available at: <http://arb.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Final-Draft-of-Criteria-atParts-1-2-and-3-19-November-2009.pdf> [Accessed 30 February 2022].

Buildings Operational Time By nature of the buildings time line day-to-day, the need for artificial lighting is mitigated, as it is only being used throughout the daytime, following the natural cycle of the sun and natural daylight hours. Also mitigating the need for heating in the coldest times or the day, throughout the night and in the mornings / evenings. Heating There may be scope for mechanical heat recovery systems to be included within the projects roll-out, as a means of recycling the thermal gain from the natural sunlight in the greenhouse, ad using it to heat the whole scheme. The nature of the design allows for these types of systems to be implemented easily, due to the kit of parts, it can be plugged in and clipped onto the existing systems. To heat the rest areas of the building for its workers, a directional system will be used to provide comfort, this is serviced by photovoltaic glazing in the roof structure of this area. Rather than heating the whole space, it will warm the feet of the occupants, giving the feeling of warmth, rather than the space actually being heated. This reduces the need for operational energy usage on heating costs, and the implications of hot water storage systems for radiators / wet underfloor heating.

FIGURE .96

The LETI guide outlines the importance of low energy design when considering operational energy. They are orientation, form factor and glazing ratio. All factors of the outlined advice have been considered in the design. Orientation and glazing as previously mentioned, is a fundamental factor, in terms of overheating and heating. Form factor is defined by ‘the ratio of external surface area to the internal floor area, the greater the ratio, the less efficient the building and the higher the energy demand’ The buildings fabric has been designed to have maximum efficiency to hit the optimum level of performance

15. Royalgreenwich.gov.uk. 2022. Conservation areas in Royal Greenwich | Protecting the character of local areas | Royal Borough of Greenwich. [online] Available at: <https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/info/200194/conservation_areas_and_listed_buildings/28/protecting_the_character_of_local_areas/2> [Accessed 29 January 2022].

4. 2014. Greener Greenwich Supplementary Planning Document.

16. The Royal Parks. 2020. Park Restoration | Greenwich Park Revealed | The Royal Parks. [online] Available at: <https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/ greenwich-park-revealed> [Accessed 17 February 2022].

6. 2014. Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies. [online] Available at: <https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/downloads/ file/2869/royal_greenwich_local_plan_core_strategy_with_detailed_policies_main_document> [Accessed 18 January 2022].

8. 2021. LETI Climate Emergency Design Guide. 9. 2021. The London Plan. [online] Available at: <http://(Royal Greenwich Local Plan: Core Strategy with Detailed Policies, 2014)> [Accessed 30 January 2022]. 10. Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2022. Construction contract. [online] Available at: <https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_contract> [Accessed 26 January 2022].

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3. 2013. BETTER ENVIRONMENT, BETTER HEALTH A GLA guide for London’s Boroughs London Borough of Greenwich. [online] Available at: <https://www. london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/gla_migrate_files_destination/Better%20 Environment%2C%20Better%20Health%20%28Greenwich%2C%20 311013%29.docx081113.docxAF.pdf> [Accessed 5 April 2022].

7. 2019. Royal Borough of Greenwich Local Validation Requirements List. [online] Available at: <https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/downloads/file/2748/ local_information_requirements_list> [Accessed 16 February 2022].

Low Energy Design

When designating a LETI archetype to the project for statistical analysis, it is hard to fit this scheme into any of the prescribed, small, medium and large scale residential, commercial offices or schools, as the scheme has such unique performance needs. To build an accurate data analysis of the building regarding LETI, it may be the case that the LETI team specialists would need to be brought on-board to carry out studies on the building, using data disclosure of statistics gathered, to build an accurate picture of the buildings operational energy, embodied carbon, and in turn, whole life carbon assessment.

2. Architecture.com. 2020. RIBA Plan of Work. [online] Available at: <https:// www.architecture.com/knowledge-and-resources/resources-landing-page/ riba-plan-of-work> [Accessed 18 January 2022].

14. Park, G., 2019. Greenwich Park Conservation Plan 2019-2029. [online] p.13. Available at: <https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/ pdf_file/0006/109887/Greenwich-Park-Conservation-Plan-Interactive.pdf> [Accessed 5 January 2022].

5. 2014. Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site Management Plan.

Large scale production using energy intensive lights and robotic automation.

11. Flood-map-for-planning.service.gov.uk. 2022. Flood map for planning GOV.UK. [online] Available at: <https://flood-map-for-planning.service.gov. uk/> [Accessed 19 January 2022].

LETI guidance on the orientation of buildings to maximise a buildings performance.

FIGURE .97

uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Annual-Public-Health-Report-Greenwich-2017-18.pdf> [Accessed 5 January 2022].

12. GOV.UK. 2022. Community Infrastructure Levy. [online] Available at: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/community-infrastructure-levy#relief-and-exemptions> [Accessed 30 March 2022].

17. The Royal Parks. 2022. Masterplan and Timeline | Greenwich Park Revealed. [online] Available at: <https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/greenwich-park-revealed/masterplan-and-timeline> [Accessed 2 January 2022]. 18. BREEAM UK, 2018. BREEAM Technical Manual. [online] Available at: <https://www.breeam.com/NC2018/content/resources/output/10_pdf/a4_ pdf/print/nc_uk_a4_print_mono/nc_uk_a4_print_mono.pdf> [Accessed 26 February 2022]. 19. Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2022. Procurement route. [online] Available at: <https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Procurement_route> [Accessed 28 January 2022]. 20. DUS, H., 2022. DUS Architects – Public architecture and design that consciously influences everyday life. [online] Houseofdus.com. Available at: <https://houseofdus.com/> [Accessed 18 January 2022]. 21. GOV.UK. 2022. Approved Documents. [online] Available at: <https://www. gov.uk/government/collections/approved-documents> [Accessed 3 April 2022]. 22. LETI. 2021. Climate Emergency Design Guide. [online] Available at: <https://www.leti.london/cedg> [Accessed 12 January 2022].

13. Lekau, A., 2018. Royal Borough of Greenwich Director of Public Health Annual Report. [online] p.20. Available at: <https://livewellgreenwich.org.

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I M AG E S A N D F I G U R E S SECTION 01

Greenwich-Park-Conservation-Plan-Interactive.pdf> [Accessed 5 April 2022].

Figure 01. Samosa, S., 2022. Steve Samosa Photography. [online] Flickr. Available at: <https://www.flickr.com/photos/sammy_208/> [Accessed 10 December 2021].

Figure 20. Geological Makeup of the site and surrounding. Jack Taylor User, S., 2022. London Natural History Society - Geology of London. [online] Lnhs.org.uk. Available at: <https:// www.lnhs.org.uk/index.php/articles-british/249-geology-of-london> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

Figure 02. the Guardian. 2022. Climate crisis | The Guardian. [online] Available at: <https:// www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-crisis> [Accessed 13 December 2021].

Figure 36. Allotments in Greenwich Park c.1945 MOLA. 2022. MOLA. [online] Available at: <https://www.mola.org.uk/> [Accessed 3 January 2022]. Figure 37. Aerial Scans of the Site using google maps imagery. Jack Taylor Figure 38. Site Plan 1:500. Jack Taylor Figure 39. Viewpoints into the site diagram. Jack Taylor

ment. [online] Available at: <https://www.countryliving.com/uk/homes-interiors/gardens/ a19680305/easy-grow-fruits-vegetables-allotment/> [Accessed 5 January 2022]. Figure 55. Dunning, H. and Campus, S., 2022. Thousands chasing London allotments as supply dwindles | Imperial News | Imperial College London. [online] Imperial News. Available at: <https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/204133/thousands-chasing-london-allotments-supply-dwindles/> [Accessed 5 April 2022]. Figure 56. the Guardian. 2022. The Guardian view on empty shelves: a crisis made in government | Editorial. [online] Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/ aug/25/the-guardian-view-on-empty-shelves-a-crisis-made-in-government> [Accessed 5 January 2022].

Figure 21. Flood Risk Assessment. Jack Taylor Flood-map-for-planning.service.gov.uk. 2022. Flood map for planning - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: <https://flood-map-for-planning. service.gov.uk/> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

Figure 39. Greenwich Park Revealed Scheme site map. Jonsheaff.co.uk. 2022. Greenwich Park Revealed – Jon Sheaff & Associates. [online] Available at: <https://jonsheaff.co.uk/portfolio-item/greenwich-park-revealed/> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

Figure 22. Greenwich Park, 1695, By Samuel Travers

Figure 40. Dendrology and Tree protection orders on site. Jack Taylor

Figure 05. Broad site location plan. Jack Taylor

Figure 23. Greenwich Park, 1720, By Francis Place

Figure 06. The Old Naval College, Greenwich Commons.wikimedia.org. 2022. File:London Greenwich.JPG - Wikimedia Commons. [online] Available at: <https://commons.wikimedia. org/wiki/File:London_Greenwich.JPG> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

Figure 24. Greenwich Park, 1863, By Edward Weller

Figure 41. Healthy food consumption Greenwich diagram Greenwich, R., 2022. Public Health and Wellbeing | Royal Borough of Greenwich. [online] Royalgreenwich.gov.uk. Available at: <https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/directory_record/498288/public_health_and_wellbeing> [Accessed 2 February 2022].

Figure 57. the Guardian. 2022. UK is 30-40 years away from ‘eradication of soil fertility’, warns Gove. [online] Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/ oct/24/uk-30-40-years-away-eradication-soil-fertility-warns-michael-gove#:~:text=4%20 years%20old-,UK%20is%2030%2D40%20years%20away%20from%20’eradication,of%20 soil%20fertility’%2C%20warns%20Gove&text=The%20UK%20is%2030%20to,secretary%20Michael%20Gove%20has%20warned.> [Accessed 5 January 2022].

Figure 07. The Queens House, Greenwich Guide London. 2022. 9 Facts About The Queen's House In Greenwich Celebrating 400th Anniversary | Guide London. [online] Available at: <https://www.guidelondon.org.uk/blog/museums-galleries/queens-house-in-greenwich/> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

Figure 26. A similar gun battery to the one previously present on the site The Royal Parks. 2022. The Royal Parks in WW2 | Blog | The Royal Parks. [online] Available at: <https://www. royalparks.org.uk/whats-on/blog/digging-deep-for-victory-the-royal-parks-in-world-wartwo> [Accessed 2 January 2022].

Figure 42. Greenwich Flower Garden during spring. 2022. [online] Available at: <https://foursquare.com/v/greenwich-park-flower-garden/4fc54bc6e4b01ac8e1df0409> [Accessed 5 February 2022].

Figure 58. Rmg.co.uk. 2022. Enjoy the best view of London. [online] Available at: <https:// www.rmg.co.uk/royal-observatory/attractions/enjoy-best-view-london> [Accessed 5 January 2022].

Figure 08. Flamsteed House, Greenwich Commons.wikimedia.org. 2022. File:Flamsteed House - geograph.org.uk - 1069605.jpg - Wikimedia Commons. [online] Available at: <https:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flamsteed_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1069605.jpg> [Accessed 6 February 2022].

Figure 27. Allotments in Greenwich Park c.1945 Britainfromabove.org.uk. 2022. Britain From Above. [online] Available at: <https://www.britainfromabove.org.uk/> [Accessed 3 January 2022].

Figure 43. Guardian newspaper headline. the Guardian. 2022. City allotments could be as productive as conventional farms, research finds. [online] Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/dec/15/city-allotments-could-be-as-productive-as-conventional-farms-research-finds> [Accessed 6 February 2022].

Figure 59. stages of Work and LETI considerations. Adapted from RIBA Stages of work and LETI Design Guide

Figure 03. Savil, D., 2022. Allotments in the Tower of London moat. [online] urban75 forums. Available at: <https://www.urban75.net/forums/threads/allotments-in-the-tower-of-londonmoat.313805/> [Accessed 3 April 2022].Figure 04. London Borough of Greenwich Map. Jack Taylor

Figure 09. The Royal Observatory, Greenwich visitlondon.com. 2022. Royal Observatory Greenwich shop - Souvenirs - visitlondon.com. [online] Available at: <https://www.visitlondon.com/things-to-do/place/43824584-royal-observatory-greenwich-shop> [Accessed 5 April 2022]. Figure 10. Site Context map. Jack Taylor Figure 11. Greenwich Park Revealed masterplan Jonsheaff.co.uk. 2022. Greenwich Park Revealed – Jon Sheaff & Associates. [online] Available at: <https://jonsheaff.co.uk/portfolio-item/greenwich-park-revealed/> [Accessed 22 February 2022]. Figure 12. World Heritage Site plan. Jack Taylor

Figure 45. Allotment plan in Greenwich, 2022. Jack Taylor

Figure 28. Missile site on Blackheath Common, 2012. Trotter, S., 2022. Olympic missiles unveiled at Blackheath. [online] News Shopper. Available at: <https://www.newsshopper.co.uk/ news/9689739.olympic-missiles-unveiled-at-blackheath/> [Accessed 1 January 2022].

Figure 47. Document checklist for necessary planning approval. https://www.royalgreenwich. gov.uk/downloads/download/691/local_information_requirements_list_for_planning_applications

Figure 29. Arcs of fire from gun sites. Jack Taylor Figure 30. Dig for Plenty Campaign SSPL Prints. 2022. Dig For Plenty. [online] Available at: <https://www.ssplprints.com/image/702711/dig-for-plenty> [Accessed 5 January 2022].

Figure 48. Knight Dragon plan for Greenwich Peninsula Knightdragon.com. 2022. Knight Dragon. [online] Available at: <https://knightdragon.com/> [Accessed 1 February 2022].

Figure 31. . Dig for Plenty Campaign SSPL Prints. 2022. Dig For Plenty. [online] Available at: <https://www.ssplprints.com/image/702711/dig-for-plenty> [Accessed 5 January 2022].

Figure 33. Allotments in the Tower of London during WW2. Landscape Interface Studio. 2022. Tower of London: Poppies and Digging for Victory. [online] Available at: <https://landscapeiskingston.wordpress.com/2014/11/10/tower-of-london-poppies-and-digging-for-victory/> [Accessed 2 January 2022].

Figure 14. Hydrology and Biodiversity Plan. Jack Taylor Figure 15. Locally listed buildings plan. Jack Taylor Figure 16. Site Accessibility and transport links map. Jack Taylor Figure 17. Site images of the Flower Garden 2022. [online] Available at: <https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/6230532> [Accessed 22 February 2022]. Figure 18. Flower Garden in Summertime 2022. [online] Available at: <https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/6230532> [Accessed 22 February 2022]. Figure 19. Broad Habitat diagram of the Flower Garden Parks, R., 2022. [online] Royalparks. org.uk. Available at: <https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/109887/ SECTION 2

Figure 34. The Home Front WW2 Sky HISTORY TV channel. 2022. How Brits Utilised Allotments During Two World Wars: The Era Of ‘Growing Your Own’. [online] Available at: <https:// www.history.co.uk/article/how-brits-utilised-allotments-during-two-world-wars-the-era-of%25E2%2580%2598growing-your-own%25E2%2580%2599> [Accessed 2 January 2022].

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Figure 62. https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/egmfn/richard-rogers-new-gallery-supported-by-orange-steel-beams-cantilevers-out-27-meters-over-hillside.html Figure 63. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/PATCENT/arup.html Figure 64. https://www.stuartforbes.com/millenium-dome

Figure 49. Morden Wharf, nearby development. Fromthemurkydepths.co.uk. 2022. [online] Available at: <https://www.fromthemurkydepths.co.uk/2020/07/03/huge-new-greenwichdevelopment-at-morden-wharf-submitted-a-look-at-plans/> [Accessed 5 February 2022].

Figure 65. http://www.engineering-timelines.com/who/rice_P/ricePeter5.asp

Figure 50. Morden Wharf, nearby development. Fromthemurkydepths.co.uk. 2022. [online] Available at: <https://www.fromthemurkydepths.co.uk/2020/07/03/huge-new-greenwichdevelopment-at-morden-wharf-submitted-a-look-at-plans/> [Accessed 5 February 2022].

Figure 67. http://www.dinelljohansson.se/

Figure 51. Local Greenwich Redevelopment. 2022. [online] Available at: <https://www.londonpropertytimes.co.uk/bellway-london-launches-final-phase-of-flagship-greenwich-development/> [Accessed 4 March 2022].

Figure 69. https://issuu.com/bartlettarchucl/docs/sixteen__makers__01_55-02_s05_update

Figure 52. Aerial View of Redevelopment. https://www.google.co.uk/maps

Figure 70. https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/war-piece-design-humble-bailey-bridge.html?chrome=1

Figure 53. Greenwich, R., 2022. Homepage | Royal Borough of Greenwich. [online] Royalgreenwich.gov.uk. Available at: <https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/> [Accessed 5 January 2022].

Figure 35. The Home Front WW2 Sky HISTORY TV channel. 2022. How Brits Utilised Allotments During Two World Wars: The Era Of ‘Growing Your Own’. [online] Available at: <https:// www.history.co.uk/article/how-brits-utilised-allotments-during-two-world-wars-the-era-of%25E2%2580%2598growing-your-own%25E2%2580%2599> [Accessed 2 January 2022].

Figure 60. Prefab example https://situ.nyc/fabrication/projects/house-of-dancing-water-facade-mockup Figure 61. https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/18/norman-foster-renault-distribution-centre-swindon/

Figure 46. Planning application process. Jack Taylor

Figure 32. Dig for Victory2022. [online] Available at: <https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ education/resources/home-front/> [Accessed 2 January 2022].

Figure 13. Conservation area plan. Jack Taylor

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

Figure 25. Greenwich Park, 1950, Digimaps 2022

Figure 66. https://bolles-wilson.com/studies/osaka-folly-1990/

Figure 68. https://www.yatzer.com/can-picafort-tedaarquitectes

SECTION 02

Figure 71. https://scholarsarchive.jwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=ac_ symposium

Figure 54. Country Living. 2022. 7 fruit and veg that are almost impossible to kill in an allot-

Figure 72. https://www.sunbeltrentals.co.uk/case-studies/department-of-health-social-care-

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nhs-regional-test-centres/

roo-valley/

Figure 73. https://www.dezeen.com/2009/02/27/pendulum-plane-by-oyler-wu-collaborative/

Figure 95. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170314-the-town-that-built-a-mirror-tocatch-the-sun

Figure 74. https://houseofdus.com/

Figure 96. https://www.lighting.philips.com/main/products/horticulture/vertical-farming

Figure 75. https://www.chinhdaisteel.com/en/8-things-about-black-steel-pipes

Figure 97. LETI Design guide. https://www.leti.london/cedg

Figure 76. https://www.vector-foiltec.com/projects/mediatic-research-office-building-etfe-facade/ Figure 77. https://www.archdaily.com/874215/let-light-in-17-projects-using-polycarbonate?utm_campaign=trueAnthem:+Trending+Content&utm_content=595b083904d30159568d81e4&utm_medium=trueAnthem&utm_source=twitter Figure 78. https://houseofdus.com/ Figure 79. https://www.ssab.com/products/steel-categories/hollow-section Figure 80. https://www.buitink-technology.com/uk/architecture/etfe-air-cushion-roofs/renovation-etfe-roof-ganzenhoef/ Figure 81. https://www.archdaily.com/958651/translucency-and-raw-materials-a-brief-analysis-of-lacaton-and-vassals-solutions

10.0 APPENDIX

Figure 82. https://houseofdus.com/ Figure 83. https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2018/11/transportable-bridges-howthe-bailey-bridge-idea-has-spanned-the-decades/

G A D R AW I N G S

Figure 84. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/b/building-the-navys-bases/building-the-navys-bases-vol-2.html Figure 85. https://www.studenthandouts.com/american-history/11-new-deal-world-war-ii/ pictures/submarine-construction.html Figure 86. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/b/building-the-navys-bases/building-the-navys-bases-vol-2.html Figure 87. https://www.crowdcontrolsolutions.co.uk/shop/ppe-site-safety-sign/315.htm Figure 88. https://ehsdailyadvisor.blr.com/2021/05/near-miss-case-study-predict-phantomhazards-optimize-fall-protection-equipment/ Figure 89. https://www.newcivilengineer.com/archive/massive-main-truss-lifted-over-existing-stand-at-anfield-more-images-27-07-2015/ Figure 90. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6stjxTqGaAU Figure 91. http://www.christianberger.at/crls/ Figure 92. https://projects.bre.co.uk/envbuild/index.html Figure 93. https://www.archdaily.com/958651/translucency-and-raw-materials-a-brief-analysis-of-lacaton-and-vassals-solutions Figure 94. https://www.designboom.com/readers/alexander-michaels-house-at-kanga-

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

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GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 2

G R O U N D F LO O R P L A N 1 : 2 0 0 @ A 3

F I R ST F LO O R P L A N 1 : 2 0 0 @ A 3 PUBLIC ALLOTMENTS

PUBLIC ALLOTMENTS

SUNLIGHT REFLECTOR

LOCKERS

RAINWATER STORAGE

RESEARCH

REST

LABORATORY PUBLIC WC

FERTILISER PROCESSING

PUBLIC 0

MAIN GROWING SPACE

PUBLIC

MATURED SEEDLINGS

SUNLIGHT REFLECTOR

SECTION 1C

DELIVERY

5 SUNLIGHT REFLECTOR

126

SCALE BAR 1:200

SUNLIGHT REFLECTOR

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1C

SCALE BAR 1:100

MAIN GROWING SPACE (DOUBLE HEIGHT)

SEEDLINGS

EXCHANGE

SCALE BAR 1:100 SEED

N GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

+0.50

0 RAINWATER MANAGEMENT

SCALE BAR 1:500

SCALE BAR 1:500 +0.50

DELIVERY

5 SUNLIGHT REFLECTOR

127

SCHEME IN CONTEXT 1:500 @ A3

S H O RT S E C T I O N A - A 1 : 5 0 @ A 3 PUBLIC ALLOTMENTS

SOUTH FACING FACADE (ETFE PILLOWS)

SUSPENDED VERTICAL FARM TOWERS

MAIN GROWING SPACE

DEPLOYABLE HEAT BLANKET

SUSPENDED WALKWAY

PUBLIC ALLOTMENTS 0

SCALE BAR 1:500 MAIN ENTRANCE

PUBLIC ALLOTMENTS

SCALE BAR 1:100 REFLECTORS

N 0

PUBLIC ALLOTMENTS GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1C

DELIVERY

SCALE BAR 1:500

128

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1C

DELIVERY

SCALE BAR 1:50

129

LO N G S E C T I O N B - B 1 : 2 0 0 @ A 3

RAINWATER STORAGE TANKS

BUILDING WORKERS REST AREA

RESEARCH / LABRATORY SPACE

MAIN CROP GROWING SPACE

PUBLIC AMENITY SPACE

OBSERVATION PLATFORM

COMPOSTING TOILETS FOR FERTILISER

SEEDLING NURSERY

SCALE BAR 1:500

SCALE BAR 1:100

GREENWICH PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITY

SECTION 1C

DELIVERY

130

SCALE BAR 1:200 JAC K TAY LO R

2020